A0-A99. Creator.

A0. A0. Creator.--For a general bibliography of creation myths, see Alexander N. Am. 278 n. 15. For bibliographies of North American Indian mythologies arranged by areas, see Thompson Tales 272 n. 1; **Feilberg Skabelses og Syndflodssagn; Jewish: Neuman.--Mexican Indian: (Tarascan) Alexander Lat. Am. 85, (Zapotecan) ibid. 87; Guarayъ: Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147; Polynesia: Dixon 21 n. 47; Hawaiian: Beckwith Myth 42; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 28, 66f., 70; Easter Is.: Mйtraux BMB CLX 313; Marshall Is.: Davenport Folk Tales 221f.; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti 335ff.; New Hebrides: Codrington II 365.--Armenian: Ananikian 20; African: Werner African 127ff., **Frobenius and Fox, (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 267; Hindu: Penzer I 10; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 338; Icel.: Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 326; Irish myth: Cross.

A1. A1. Identity of creator.

A1.1. A1.1. Sun-god as creator.--Egyptian: Mьller 69; Persian: Carnoy 260.

A1.2. A1.2. Grandfather as creator.--S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359, (Guarayъ): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A1.3. A1.3. Stone-woman as creator.--Paressi: Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.

A1.4. A1.4. Brahma as creator.--Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 338.

A2. A2. Multiple creators.

A2.1. A2.1. Three creators.--Icel.: Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 327.--Oceanic: Dixon 24; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 42.

A2.2. A2.2. First human pair as creators. (Cf. A1270.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 115 No. 70.

A3. A3. Creative mother source of everything.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A5. A5. Reason for creation.

A5.1. A5.1. Gods make earth to have place to rest their feet.--Hawaiian: Beckwith Myth 43.

A7. A7. Creator’s descendants. (Cf. A32.)

A7.1. A7.1. Creator has two sons.--Guarayъ: Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A10. A10. Nature of the creator.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A11. A11. Invisible creator.--Jewish: Neuman.--Ackawoi: Alexander Lat. Am. 269.

A11.1. A11.1. Invisibility of creator learned from the impossibility of staring at the sun, his servant.--Jewish: Neuman.

A12. A12. Hermaphroditic creator. The creator is half man and half woman or is thought of as both male and female.--*Lang Myth I 200f., 299; Gьntert 324.--Greek: Eisler 396; Egyptian: Maspйro Histoire ancienne des peuples de l‘Orient classique 141; Indian (Hindu): Keith 75.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 88.

A12.1. A12.1. Male and female creators. Japanese: Anesaki 222; Hawaii: Henry Ancient Tahiti 345.

A13. A13. Animal as creator.

A13.1. A13.1. Beast as creator.

A13.1.1. A13.1.1. Cow as creator. *Schrцder Altgermanische Kulturprobleme 132; *Gьntert Weltkцnig 365ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 63, 324.

A13.2. A13.2. Bird as creator. Hawaii: Henry Ancient Tahiti 345.

A13.2.1. A13.2.1. Raven as creator. Eskimo: Nelson RBAE XVIII 454; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 218.

A13.2.2. A13.2.2. Eagle as creator of man. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 94.

A13.2.3. A13.2.3. Black-winged bird as creator. Greek: Fox 4.

A13.3. A13.3. Insect as creator.

A13.3.1. A13.3.1. Spider as creator. India: Thompson-Balys.

A13.3.2. A13.3.2. Beetle as creator. So. Am. Indian (Lengua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367.

A13.4. A13.4. Reptile as creator.

A13.4.1. A13.4.1. Snake as creator. Mono-Alu, Fauru, Buin: Wheeler 67.

A13.4.2. A13.4.2. Worm as creator. Guarayъ: Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 437.

A15. A15. Human creator.

A15.1. A15.1. Female creator. Chibcha: Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908.

A15.1.1. A15.1.1. Old woman as creator. Lepers Is.: Codrington II 372f.

A15.2. A15.2. Brothers as creators. So. Am. Indian (Guaporй River): Levi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379.

A15.3. A15.3. Old man as creator.

A15.3.1. A15.3.1. Old man with staff as creator. (cf. A1.2.). Inca: Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 316.

A15.4. A15.4. Artisan as creator.

A15.4.1. A15.4.1. Potter as creator. India: Thompson-Balys.

A17. A17. Angel as creator. Jewish: Neuman.

A18. A18. Pictorial representations of creator.

A18.1. A18.1. Creator with dragon’s head. Chinese: Werner 77.

A18.2. A18.2. Creator with two horns on head. Chinese: Werner 76.

A18.3. A18.3. Dwarfish creator. Chinese: Werner 76.

A18.4. A18.4. Creator clothed in bear-skin (or in leaves). Chinese: Werner 76.

A18.5. A18.5. Creator with hammer and chisel in hands. Chinese: Werner 76.

A18.6. A18.6. Creator with sun and moon in hands. Chinese: Werner 76.

A19. A19. Nature of creator--miscellaneous.

A19.1. A19.1. Sun and moon (man and wife) as creators. So. Am. Indian: (Cashibo) Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 594.

A19.2. A19.2. Creator with appearance of Negro. Africa (Luba): Danohugh V 180.

A20. A20. Origin of the creator.

A21. A21. Creator from above.

A21.1. A21.1. Woman who fell from the sky.--Daughter of the sky-chief falls from the sky, is caught by birds, and lowered to the surface of the water. She becomes the creator.--*Iroquois: Thompson Tales n. 27.--Cf. Finnish: Kalevala rune 1.

A21.2. A21.2. Old man from sky as creator.--Old man with his wife comes from the sky. Are the first couple on earth. Have seven sons and seven daughters. Each son marries a daughter.--Ekoi: Talbot 366.

A22. A22. Creator comes out of chaos. Chinese: Werner 76, Ferguson 57.

A23. A23. Creator offspring of dual powers of nature. (Male and female principles.)--Chinese: Werner 76.

A25. A25. Creator from below. God rises from beneath (the center of the spiritual world) and creates the world.--Hottentot: Bleek 74 No. 35.

A25.1. A25.1. Creator emerges from lake. So. Am. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908, (Aymara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 570.

A26. A26. Creator comes from certain direction.

A26.1. A26.1. Creator comes from east. Africa (Luba): Donahugh V 80.

A27. A27. Creator born from egg. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 98f.

A30. A30. Creator‘s companions. Inca: Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315; Tahiti: Henry 342; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.

A31. A31. Creator’s grandmother. Casually mentioned in the course of the creation myth.--American Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 13.

A32. A32. Creator‘s family. (Cf. A7.)

A32.1. A32.1. Creator’s son. India: Thompson-Balys.--So. Am. Indian: (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908.

A32.2. A32.2. Creator‘s daughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

A32.3. A32.3. Creator’s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.--So. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 281.

A32.3.1. A32.3.1. Creator‘s wife seduced by his son. So. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 281.

A32.3.2. A32.3.2. Creator beats his wife while intoxicated from beverage he invents. So. Am. Indian (Guarayъ): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A33. A33. Animal as creator’s companion. India: Thompson-Balys.

A33.1. A33.1. Beast as creator‘s companion.

A33.1.1. A33.1.1. Creator’s dog. The creator is accompanied by a dog (cf. A63.4.).--*Dh I 98--111 passim, especially 108.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 347.--Kato: Goddard UCal V 183ff.

A33.2. A33.2. Bird as creator‘s companion. India: Thompson-Balys; Sumatra: Dixon 160; Samoa, Tonga: ibid. *164 n. 33, 34.

A33.3. A33.3. Insect as creator’s companion.

A33.3.1. A33.3.1. Bee as God‘s spy. God, the creator, sends a bee to overhear the devil’s secrets.--*Dh I 3, 127ff.

A33.4. A33.4. Other animal companions of creator.

A33.4.1. A33.4.1. Armadillo as creator‘s companion. So. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 281.

A36. A36. Creator’s companions: unicorn, phoenix, tortoise, and dragon. Chinese: Werner 76.

A37. A37. Joint creators.

A37.1. A37.1. Falcon and crow as joint creators. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 54.

A38. A38. Heavenly bodies as creator‘s companions.

A38.1. A38.1. Creator’s companions: sun and moon. Jewish: Neuman.

A40. A40. Creator‘s advisers. Jewish: Neuman.

A41. A41. Men as God’s advisers. *Dh I 3.

A42. A42. Angels as God‘s advisers. Dh I 3, 31ff., 55, 187; Jewish: Neuman.

A42.1. A42.1. Seraphim as creator’s advisers. Jewish: Neuman.

A42.1.1. A42.1.1. God consults two angels on creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A42.2. A42.2. God consults mercy on his right and justice on his left. Jewish: Neuman.

A43. A43. Devil as adviser of God. *Dh I 2f., 6, 12, 28, 31, 42, 44, 127ff., 144, 240, 388.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 313ff.

A44. A44. Tora as God’s adviser. Jewish: Neuman.

A45. A45. Souls of pious as Creator‘s advisers. Jewish: Neuman.

A50. A50. Conflict of good and evil creators. *Dh I 1--89 passim, 172ff.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Persian: Carnoy 261f., 275.--Banks Island: Dixon 106.

A50.1. A50.1. Creation of angels and devils. Jewish: Neuman.

A51. A51. Creation of devil(s). (cf. A63).

A52. A52. Creation of angels.

A52.0.1. A52.0.1. Angels created to execute God’s will. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.0.2. A52.0.2. Degraded gods become angels. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.0.3. A52.0.3. Angels existed prior to creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.0.4. A52.0.4. Angels are transformed souls of the pious. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.0.5. A52.0.5. Angels created from three elements. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.0.6. A52.0.6. Angels created from words uttered by God. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.0.7. A52.0.7. God drops water from his finger and the drops become angels. Lucifer imitated God and created devils.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 2.

A52.0.8. A52.0.8. God created angels by striking one small stone with another. Lucifer created devils by imitation. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 1, 3.

A52.1. A52.1. Creation of individual angels.

A52.1.1. A52.1.1. Angel of death created by God. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.1.2. A52.1.2. Angel Michael created from fire. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.1.3. A52.1.3. Angel Gabriel created from snow. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.1.4. A52.1.4. Angel Raphael created from water. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.1.5. A52.1.5. Angel of destruction created from hail and fire. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.2. A52.2. Time of creation of the angels.

A52.2.1. A52.2.1. Angels created on first day of creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.2.2. A52.2.2. Angels created on second day of creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.2.3. A52.2.3. Angels created on third day of creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.2.4. A52.2.4. Archangels created on first, angels on third day of creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.2.5. A52.2.5. Angels created on fifth day with other winged creatures. Jewish: Neuman.

A52.3. A52.3. Material of which angels are created (fire, water and snow). Jewish: Neuman.

A54. A54. Rebel angels.

A54.1. A54.1. Angel of sea rebels at world‘s creation; put to death by God. Jewish: Neuman.

A60. A60. Marplot at creation. An evil opponent attempts to undo or mar the work of the creator.--Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 315f.--Borneo: Dixon 170; Melanesian: *Codrington JAI X 293; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.--So. Am. Indian (Toba, Mataco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 368f.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

A61. A61. Coyote as marplot at creation. *Thompson Tales 285 n. 52.

A63. A63. Devil as marplot at creation. *Dh I 6--89 passim, 127--205 passim; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX (Nachtrдge) 276f.--Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 458f.

A63.1. A63.1. Devil works during God’s sleep at creation. *Dh I 2, 42f., 55, 60, 102, 115ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

A63.2. A63.2. Devil plans to drown God at time of creation. *Dh I 184f.--Lithuanian: Balys Index 3005; Balys Legends No. 11.

A63.3. A63.3. Devil and God wrestle at time of creation. *Dh I 184f.

A63.4. A63.4. Devil and God create animals. Wolf created as God‘s dog. The devil creates goats to destroy things.--BP III 199 (Gr. No. 148); Dh I 127--205 passim.

A63.4.1. A63.4.1. God and the devil torment each other with their creations. Devil pesters God with gnats. God makes a fire and safeguards himself; God plagues the devil with fleas--devil is unable to find means of protecting himself.--Lithuanian: Balys Index 3082; Balys Legends No. 131ff.

A63.5. A63.5. Lucifer causes fall of man. Irish Myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A63.5.1. A63.5.1. Satan seduces Adam to sin because he is jealous of him. Jewish: Neuman.

A63.6. A63.6. Devil in serpent form tempts first woman (Satan and Eve). Jewish: Neuman.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A63.7. A63.7. Rebel god is author of all poisonous things. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 61.

A63.7.1. A63.7.1. Poisonous water created by the devil. Irish myth: Cross (A63.7).

A63.8. A63.8. Satan attempts to create another world. Jewish: Neuman.

A67. A67. God makes things and tosses them into the air; what he catches is good for mankind, what opponent catches is bad. New Hebrides: Beckwith Myth 61.

A70. A70. Creator: miscellaneous motifs.

A71. A71. Creator tries to devour his son, the culture hero. Greek: cf. Roscher II 1540.--Tehuelche (Patagonia): Alexander Lat. Am. 335.

A72. A72. Original creator followed by transformers. These demigods change the original creation into the present forms.--See A900ff. for work of the transformers, with references.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 85; So. Am. Indian: *Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 122, BBAE CXLIII (3) 437.

A73. A73. Lonely creator. The creator is tired of solitude and therefore inaugurates the creation.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 2.--So. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A74. A74. Reluctant creator.

A74.1. A74.1. Creation on condition that Israel accept Tora. Jewish: Neuman.

A74.2. A74.2. Creator repents of creating certain things. Jewish: Neuman.

A75. A75. Creator as ancestor of heaven and earth. Chinese: Werner 76.

A76. A76. Creator‘s death. (Cf. A192.) Chinese: Werner 77.

A77. A77. Creator’s works survive him. Chinese: Werner 77.

A78. A78. Creator goes to make afterworld. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 59.

A81. A81. Creator goes to sky. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 57.

A84. A84. Creator of animals.

A84.1. A84.1. Creator of buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A85. A85. Creation match between goddess-wife, god-husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

A87. A87. Creator drunk from beverage he invents. So. Am. Indian (Guarayъ): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A100--A499.

A100--A499. GODS

A100--A199.

A100--A199. The gods in general.

A100. A100. Deity.

A101. A101. Supreme god. One god chief of all other gods. (Often not worshipped as other gods are.)--Durkheim 274, 409ff.; Leroy La raison primitive 125ff.; Holmberg Gudstron 61ff.; C. Koch Der rцmische Juppiter.--Semitic: Smith Semites@3 529; Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Fox 153, *Grote I 57f.; Assyrian: Spence 206ff.; Babylonian: ibid. 199ff.; Hindu: Keith 21f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 148, 309; Siberian: Karjalainen FFC XLIV 259, 268ff.; Armenian: Ananikian 11, 14, 37; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 61; Chinese: Ferguson 50, Eberhard FFC CXX 115 No. 70.--Indonesian: Kruyt Archipel 465ff.; Maori: Clark 32; Tahiti: Henry 121, 128; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.--African: Frobenius Atlantis X 82, Werner African 123ff.; N. A. Indian: Alexander N. Am. 80, 82, 187, 284 n. 28; So. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93; Africa (Fang): Trilles 130, (Luba): Donohugh V 180.

A101.1. A101.1. Supreme god as creator. (cf. A0). Lowie Primitive Religion 85; Goldenweiser Early Civilization 97; Oldenberg Die Religion des Veda 278.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 326; Armenian: Ananikian 20; India: Thompson-Balys; Tarascan: Alexander Lat. Am. 85.

A102. A102. Characteristics of deity.

A102.1. A102.1. Omniscient god. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 47 (Odin); Irish Myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.--So. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 173, (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93.

A102.2. A102.2. All-seeing god. Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Aeschylus Suppliants line 138.

A102.3. A102.3. Immutable god. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.4. A102.4. Omnipotent god. Jewish: *Neuman.

A102.5. A102.5. Omnipresent god. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A102.6. A102.6. Eternal god. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.7. A102.7. Holy god. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.8. A102.8. Sleepless god. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.9. A102.9. Invisible god. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.10. A102.10. Unity of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.11. A102.11. Purity of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.12. A102.12. Perfect God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.13. A102.13. Loving kindness of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.14. A102.14. Goodness of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.15. A102.15. Modesty of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.16. A102.16. Justice of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.17. A102.17. Anger of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A102.18. A102.18. Imperfect god, subject to death and rebirth. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 959.

A102.19. A102.19. Conflict between God‘s justice and mercy. Jewish: Neuman.

A103. A103. Father-god. Greek: Grote I 3; Hindu: Keith 50ff., 73ff., 82ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

A104. A104. The making of gods.

A104.1. A104.1. Living person becomes god. Hawaii: *Beckwith Myth 2, ch. I passim.

A104.2. A104.2. Dead body becomes god. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2.

A104.3. A104.3. Miscellaneous objects become gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2.

A104.4. A104.4. Spirits become gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.

A106. A106. Opposition of good and evil gods. Hindu: Keith 84; *Penzer I 197; India: Thompson-Balys.--Tarahumare (Mexican Indian): Alexander N. Am. 176; S. Am. Indians (Antioquians): Alexander Lat. Am. 197.--Jewish: Neuman.

A106.0.1. A106.0.1. Gods and the demons quarrel over supremacy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A106.1. A106.1. Revolt of bad gods against good. Babylonian: Spence 75.

A106.1.1. A106.1.1. Goddess rebels against her father for forbidding her marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

A106.2. A106.2. Revolt of evil angels against God. Jensen Dania II 180; Olrik ibid. II 67; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3002, Legends Nos. 5, 6; Jewish: *Neuman; Irish: Beal. XXI 323.

A106.2.1. A106.2.1. Revolting devil banished to hell. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

A106.2.1.1. A106.2.1.1. Banished devil appears on earth only on day of dark moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A106.2.1.2. A106.2.1.2. Demon (opposed to God) allowed to earth four times a year (but must let people know who he is and not deceive them). India: Thompson-Balys.

A106.2.2. A106.2.2. Satan’s fall from heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

A106.3. A106.3. Created beings rebel against God. Jewish: Neuman.

A107. A107. Gods of darkness and light. Darkness thought of as evil, light as good.--Babylonian: Spence 74; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A108. A108. God of the living and the dead in the otherworld. Chinese: Werner 248.

A108.1. A108.1. God of the dead. Irish myth: Cross; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 60.

A109. A109. Deity: miscellaneous motifs.

A109.1. A109.1. God as a triad. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 44; Icel.: Boberg.

A109.2. A109.2. Goddess as mother of Pacific Ocean. Maori: Beckwith Myth 179.

A110. A110. Origin of the gods.

A111. A111. Parents of the gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 171.

A111.1. A111.1. Mother of the gods. (cf. A116.2). **Showerman; Smith Dragon viii; *Holmberg Baum 84ff.--Babylonian: Spence 123ff.; Hindu: Penzer I 270ff., 276, VII 231; India: Thompson-Balys; Hittite: Garstang The Hittite Empire 305ff.; Gaster Thespis 179.--Oceanic: Beckwith Myth 294; So. Am. Indian (Apapocuvъ-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 122.

A111.2. A111.2. Father of the gods. Icel.: Boberg.

A111.3. A111.3. Ancestor of the gods. Tahiti: Henry 336.

A111.3.0.1. A111.3.0.1. God of double sex carries within him seed of gods. Greek: Grote I 16.

A12. A12. Hermaphroditic creator.

A111.3.1. A111.3.1. God dwells with his grandfathers. Marquesas: Handy 106.

A111.3.2. A111.3.2. Sea creatures as ancestors of goddess. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/600).

A111.3.3. A111.3.3. Great bird as ancestor of gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 92.

A112. A112. Birth of gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A112.1. A112.1. God from incestuous union. Krappe The Review of Religion (1941); India: Thompson-Balys.

A112.1.1. A112.1.1. God from father-daughter incest. Adonis. Greek: Spence 132.--Icel.: Boberg.

A112.1.1.1. A112.1.1.1. Goddess of music and dance born of incestuous union (Brahma and daughter). India: Thompson-Balys.

A112.2. A112.2. Male and female creators beget gods. Japanese: Anesaki 223.

A112.3. A112.3. Gods born from various parts of creator‘s body. Japanese: Anesaki 224.

A112.4. A112.4. God as son of giant. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 139 (Loki), 324 (Odin, Vili, and Ve), Boberg.

A112.4.1. A112.4.1. God as son of giantess. Icel.: Boberg.

A112.4.2. A112.4.2. Goddess as daughter of giant. Icel.: Boberg.

A112.5. A112.5. God as son of nine giantesses. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 153 (Heimdall).

A112.6. A112.6. Gods as sons of supreme god. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 61.--Tahiti: Henry 147.

A112.7. A112.7. God born from peculiar part of parent’s body.

A112.7.1. A112.7.1. God born from mother‘s ear. Marquesas: Handy 107.

A112.7.2. A112.7.2. God born from mother’s armpit. Marquesas: Handy 107.

A112.7.3. A112.7.3. Goddess born from mother‘s eyes. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 186.

A112.7.4. A112.7.4. God born after prematurely short pregnancy. Marquesas: Handy 107.

A112.8. A112.8. God from adulterous union. Irish myth: Cross.

A112.9. A112.9. Gods borne by human woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

A112.9.1. A112.9.1. Elementary spirits borne by human woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

A112.10. A112.10. Divine child cast out at birth. Polynesia: Beckwith Myth 257.

A112.11. A112.11. Child born from union of God with hen. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 130.

A113. A113. Totemistic gods. Gods which have animal associations; e.g., Athena with the owl, Venus with the sparrow.--Babylonian: Spence 93; India: *Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross.

A114. A114. Gods born from object.

A114.1. A114.1. Deity born from sea-foam. Aphrodite. Greek: Roscher I 402; *Frazer Pausanias III 544.

A114.1.1. A114.1.1. Goddess born from sweat of rock washed by sea. Minahassa (Celebes): Dixon 157.

A114.1.1.1. A114.1.1.1. God born of another god’s sweat. India: Thompson-Balys.

A114.1.1.2. A114.1.1.2. Origin of lesser gods from spittle of great god. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 82.

A114.2. A114.2. God born from egg. Tahiti: Henry 337; Marquesas: Handy 104.--So. Am. Indian (Huamachuco): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151.

A114.2.1. A114.2.1. Deity born in shape of egg. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 169.

A114.3. A114.3. Deity born from skull. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 312.

A114.4. A114.4. Deity born from tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 279, 284.--So. Am. Indian (Tembй): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 122.

A115. A115. Emergence of deity.

A115.1. A115.1. First deity grows out of primeval chaos. Japanese: Anesaki 222.

A115.2. A115.2. God issues from earth. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 328 (Tuisto).

A115.3. A115.3. Deity arises from mist. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 71.

A115.4. A115.4. Deity emerges from darkness of underworld. Mangia (Cook Is.): Beckwith Myth 224.

A115.5. A115.5. Emergence of gods from above and below. Marquesas: Handy 138.

A115.6. A115.6. Deity arises from shell of darkness where he has been for million ages. Tahiti: Henry.

A115.7. A115.7. Gods emerge from hole in tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

A116. A116. Twin gods. *Harris Twins, Boanerges, Picus who is also Zeus; Krappe Etudes de mythologie 137ff.; Gьntert Weltkцnig 253ff.; S. Eitrem Die gцttlichen Zwillinge bei den Griechen (Christiania 1902); H. Grйgoire Saints jumeaux et dieux cavaliers (Paris 1905); J.R. Harris The Dioscuri in the Christian Legends (London 1903); Krappe The Classical Journal XVIII (1923) 502ff.; Zeitschrift fьr Ethnologie LXVI (1929) 187ff.; “Les dieux jumeaux dans la religion germanique” Acta Philologica Scandinavica (1930); Review of Religion (1944) 123ff.; Revue Celtique XLIX (1932) 96ff; P. Saintyves, “Les Jumeaux, dans l‘ethnographie et la mythologie,” Revue Anthrop. XXXV (1925) 54--59; T. Gaster Oldest Stories 69.--Germanic: Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte I 321ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 26; Armenian: Ananikian 40; Hindu: Keith 30f. (Lettish also mentioned).--Zuсi: Alexander N. Am. 188; Mixtec: Alexander Lat. Am. 86; Indians of Central Brazil: Ehrenreich International Cong. of Americanists XIV 661; Chiriguano: Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 172.

A116.1. A116.1. Twin gods--one mortal, other immortal. Harris Twins 4ff.

A116.2. A116.2. Twin goddesses (or trinity of goddesses). Irish myth: Cross.

A116.2.1. A116.2.1. Twin daughters of a god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A117. A117. Mortals become gods.

A117.1. A117.1. First men created with eternal life become gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A117.2. A117.2. Mortal translated to heaven and deified. India: *Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark Maori Folk Tales 167.

A117.3. A117.3. In extreme old age spirits become gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 67.

A117.4. A117.4. Mortal transfigured to god on mountain top. Maori: Beckwith Myth 250.

A117.5. A117.5. Gods are spirits of deified dead. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 316.

A118. A118. Self-created deity. Tahiti: Henry 336f.

A119. A119. Origin of gods--miscellaneous.

A119.1. A119.1. God made by magic. Tahiti: Henry 341.--So. Am. Indian (Apapocuvб-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 122.

A119.2. A119.2. Goddess produced by heat of earth. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 178.

A119.3. A119.3. Arrival of the gods in particular country. Tonga: Gifford 199; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2, 3, 11.

A120. A120. Nature and appearance of the gods. (cf. A18f.). Jewish: *Neuman.

A120.1. A120.1. God as shape-shifter. Irish myth: Cross.

A120.2. A120.2. Size-changing god. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 127.

A120.3. A120.3. Incorporeal god. Jewish: Neuman.

A120.4. A120.4. Formless gods. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 128.

A121. A121. Stars as deities. H. Gressmann Die hellenistische Gestirn-religion (Leipzig 1925); Gaster Thespis 228f.--Zuсi: Alexander N. Am. 187.

A121.1. A121.1. Moon as deity. (cf. A240). Jewish: Neuman.

A121.2. A121.2. Sun as deity. (cf. A220). Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 217.

A122. A122. God half mortal, half immortal. Hair, skin, flesh, bones and marrow are mortal; mind, voice, breath, eye, and ear are immortal. (prajapati).--Hindu: Keith 76; cf. Greek: Grote I 3.

A123. A123. Monstrous gods. Jewish: Neuman.

A123.1. A123.1. God monstrous as to body.

A123.1.1. A123.1.1. Three-bodied goddess. Hekate has three bodies standing back to back and looking in three directions.--Greek: Fox 188.

A123.1.2. A123.1.2. God with two joined bodies. Tahiti: Henry 344.

A123.1.3. A123.1.3. God with good looking and ugly bodies. Marquesas: Handy 124.

A123.1.4. A123.1.4. God with body of earthquake (whirlwind, etc.). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 30.

A123.1.5. A123.1.5. God with body of caterpillars. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 30.

A123.1.6. A123.1.6. God with body of stream of blood. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 30.

A123.1.7. A123.1.7. Goddess with three supernatural bodies: fire, cliff, sea. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 496.

A123.2. A123.2. God unusual as to face. Jewish: Neuman.

A123.2.1. A123.2.1. God with many faces.

A123.2.1.1. A123.2.1.1. God with two faces. *Krappe Balor 7 n. 24; Usener IV 347ff.; *Frazer Ovid II 95ff; India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.2.1.2. A123.2.1.2. God with three faces. *Krappe Balor 8 n. 28.--Chinese: Werner 324.

A123.2.1.3. A123.2.1.3. God with four faces. Greek: Roscher “Ianus”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.2.1.4. A123.2.1.4. God with five faces. Jewish: Neuman.

A123.2.1.5. A123.2.1.5. God with six faces. Hindu: Penzer I 73 n. 1, II 102.

A123.2.2. A123.2.2. God’s unusual mouth.

A123.2.2.1. A123.2.2.1. Maggots squirm from mouth of man-eating god. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 506.

A123.2.2.2. A123.2.2.2. Goddess with eight mouths. Tonga: Gifford 168.

A123.3. A123.3. God unusual as to eyes.

A123.3.1. A123.3.1. God with many eyes. *Krappe Balor 19ff. (Argos); Usener IV 223.--Hindu: Penzer II 46 n. 4, VIII 75, 116, IX 19; Keith 110, 134; Chinese: Werner 144.

A123.3.1.1. A123.3.1.1. Three-eyed god. *Usener IV 224 n. 1; *Frazer Pausanias III 209; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 32; India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.3.1.2. A123.3.1.2. God with hundred eyes. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.3.1.3. A123.3.1.3. God with thirteen eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.3.1.4. A123.3.1.4. God with thousand eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.3.1.4.1. A123.3.1.4.1. Goddess with thousand eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.3.2. A123.3.2. God with flashing eyes. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 30; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 32.

A123.4. A123.4. God monstrous as to head.

A123.4.1. A123.4.1. God with many heads. Slavic (Elbe): Mбchal 283f., Boberg.--Chinese: Werner 241, 321.

A123.4.1.1. A123.4.1.1. God with three heads. Irish myth: Cross.

A123.4.1.2. A123.4.1.2. God with seven heads. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.4.1.3. A123.4.1.3. God with eight heads. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 209.

A123.4.2. A123.4.2. God with head of stone. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 88.

A123.5. A123.5. God unusual as to arms.

A123.5.1. A123.5.1. God with many arms. Siva has ten arms.--Hindu: Keith 110; Chinese: Werner 144, 324.--Cf. Greek: Roscher “Briareos”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Irish Myth: Cross.

A123.5.2. A123.5.2. Marvels concerning God‘s arm and fingers. Jewish: Neuman.

A123.6. A123.6. God unusual at to legs (feet).

A123.6.1. A123.6.1. God with three legs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.7. A123.7. God unusual as to color.

A123.7.1. A123.7.1. Many-colored god. Hindu: Keith 81 (Shiva).

A123.7.2. A123.7.2. Black god(dess). Icel.: *Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 304; W. Golther Deutsche Myth. (1895) 473f. (Hell); Hindu: Keith 126 (Krsna).

A123.8. A123.8. Goddess with one-and-a-half buttocks. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.9. A123.9. Lotus plants grow from navel of Vishnu. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.10. A123.10. God (deity) girdled with snakes; on his forehead shines the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A123.11. A123.11. God with tail. Mangaia (Cook Is.): Clark 140; Fiji: Beckwith Myth 76; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 113.

A124. A124. Luminous god. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 129 (Balder); India: *Thompson-Balys.

A124.0.1. A124.0.1. God with luminous countenance. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A124.1. A124.1. God with blazing eye. Hindu: Penzer VI 31 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A124.2. A124.2. White god. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 152 (Heimdall), 129 (Balder).

A124.3. A124.3. Goddess with body full of fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

A124.4. A124.4. God’s radiance upon Moses‘ face. Jewish: Neuman.

A124.5. A124.5. God in form of comet. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 113.

A125. A125. Deity in human form. (The human form is assumed in most mythologies.)--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Samoa: Henry 346.

A125.1. A125.1. Goddess of war in shape of hag. Irish myth: Cross.

A125.1.1. A125.1.1. Goddess of war in shape of (red) woman. Irish myth: Cross.

A125.2. A125.2. God with red beard. Icel.: *Boberg.

A125.3. A125.3. God with gold teeth. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 153 (Heimdall).

A125.4. A125.4. Beautiful goddess. So. Am. Indian (Huarochiri): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169.

A128. A128. Mutilated god. Egyptian: Mьller 92ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Argonautica IV line 984 (Chronos); India: Thompson-Balys.

A128.1. A128.1. Blind god. Hцdhr.--Icel.: Boberg, De la Saussaye 268.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 284.

A128.2. A128.2. One-eyed god. Odin.--Harrison (Jane E.) Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion 194; Holmberg Finno-Ugric 179.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg, De la Saussaye 226, MacCulloch Eddic 21; Jewish: Neuman.

A128.2.1. A128.2.1. God with Evil Eye. Irish myth: Cross.

A128.2.2. A128.2.2. God with single eye, through lid of which passes a polished handle with which lid is lifted. Irish myth: Cross.

A128.3. A128.3. Legless and armless deity supported on animal. Borneo: Dixon 165.

A128.3.1. A128.3.1. God with one leg (foot). Irish myth: Cross.

A128.4. A128.4. God with one hand. Hand cut or bitten off.--*Krappe Йtudes 11ff.--Icel.: Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 21 (Tyr); Irish myth: Cross.

A128.5. A128.5. Lame god. Greek: Fox 205 (Hephaistos).

A128.5.1. A128.5.1. God with thick (iron) shoe. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 159 (Vidarr).

A131. A131. Gods with animal features. *De Visser Die nicht menschengestaltigen Gцtter der Griechen (Leiden 1903).--Egyptian: Mьller 15ff.--Mexican: Alexander Lat. Am. 57ff.--Irish myth: Cross.

A131.1. A131.1. God as part man, part fish. Babylonian: Spence 151 (Dagon); Assyrian: ibid. 216; Jewish: Neuman.--Samoa: Beckwith Myth 76.

A131.2. A131.2. God with elephant’s face. Hindu: Penzer II 99ff., 125 n. 1, 147 n. 1, 170, III 155 n. 2, V 196, VII 131, IX 1.

A131.3. A131.3. Deity with animal‘s head.

A131.3.1. A131.3.1. Deity with cat’s head. Irish myth: Cross.

A131.3.2. A131.3.2. Goddess with pig’s head. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 178.

A131.3.3. A131.3.3. God with ram‘s head. (cf. A132.14). Egyptian: Mьller 135, 405.--Irish myth: Cross.

A131.4. A131.4. God in tiger’s skin. Hindu: Keith 81, 111; India: Thompson-Balys.

A131.5. A131.5. God with goat-feet. Greek: Fox 267 (Pan).

A131.6. A131.6. Horned god. Irish myth: Cross; Egyptian: Mьller 38 (Hathors).

A131.7. A131.7. Winged god. Jewish: Neuman.

A131.8. A131.8. Goddess with pig‘s teeth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A132. A132. God in animal form. *De Visser Die nicht menschengestaltigen Gцtter der Griechen (Leiden, 1903).--Egyptian: Mьller 15ff.; Chibcha: Alexander Lat. Am. 204 (fox, bear); Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: *Krappe “Far Eastern Fox Lore” CFQ III (1944) 124ff.; Jewish: Neuman.

A132.0.1. A132.0.1. God in successive animal forms. India: Thompson-Balys.

A132.0.1.1. A132.0.1.1. God takes form successively of ants, scorpion, and cobra. India: Thompson-Balys.

A132.0.1.2. A132.0.1.2. God in three forms: gecho, shark, or priest. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 128.

A132.1. A132.1. Snake-god. Smith Dragon 85.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer X 240 s. v. “Nagas”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 139.--Fiji: Beckwith Myth 138, 316.

A132.1.1. A132.1.1. Deity has snake-children. India: Thompson-Balys.

A132.2. A132.2. Monkey as god. Chinese: Werner 325ff.; Hindu: Penzer II 73, 197 n. 2, IV 126, VIII 44; India: Thompson-Balys.

A132.3. A132.3. Equine god (goddess).

A132.3.1. A132.3.1. Horse-god. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A132.3.1.1. A132.3.1.1. Mule-god. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A132.3.2. A132.3.2. Horse-goddess. Irish myth: Cross.

A132.3.3. A132.3.3. Ass-god. Jewish: Neuman.

A132.4. A132.4. Stag-god. Irish myth: Cross.

A132.5. A132.5. Bear-god (goddess). Irish myth: Cross.

A132.6. A132.6. Bird deity. Irish myth: Cross.

A132.6.1. A132.6.1. Bird-god. Irish myth: Cross.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 91ff., 370.

A132.6.2. A132.6.2. Goddess in form of bird. Irish myth: Cross.

A132.6.3. A132.6.3. Cock-god. Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 119.

A132.6.4. A132.6.4. Female deities as fly-catchers. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 16.

A132.6.5. A132.6.5. Pigeon-god. Tonga: Gifford 62.

A132.7. A132.7. Swine-god. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A132.8. A132.8. Dog (wolf)-god. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A132.9. A132.9. Bull-god. Irish myth: Cross.

A132.9.1. A132.9.1. Cow as god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A132.10. A132.10. Tiger-god. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A132.11. A132.11. Seal-god. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 310.

A132.12. A132.12. Eel-god. Tonga: Gifford 57; Maori: Clark 163.

A132.13. A132.13. Fish-god. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 131, Gifford 79.

A132.14. A132.14. Ram-god. Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

A132.15. A132.15. God as tortoise. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 139.

A133. A133. Giant god. (cf. A128.2). Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A133.1. A133.1. Giant god drinks lakes dry. (Indra).--Hindu: Keith 33.

A133.2. A133.2. Giant goddess bestrides entire land. One foot is in the north of the country and the other is in the south.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 30; Irish myth: Cross.

A133.2.1. A133.2.1. Giant god goes with three steps through the world. Gьntert Weltkцnig 293ff.; Hopkins JAOS XVI Proc. cxlvii.

A133.2.2. A133.2.2. Heaven as God’s throne, earth His footstool. Jewish: Neuman.

A133.3. A133.3. Giant orderly of the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A134. A134. Dwarf god. Japanese: Anesaki 229; Hindu: Penzer I 144 n. 2.

A135. A135. Man-eating god (goddess). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 29f.; Maori: Beckwith Myth 243.

A136. A136. Gods with unusual transportation.

A136.1. A136.1. God rides unusual animal.

A136.1.1. A136.1.1. Deity rides boar. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 22 (Freya), 109 (Frey).

A136.1.2. A136.1.2. God rides unusual horse.

A136.1.2.1. A136.1.2.1. Sleipnir: eight-legged horse of Odin. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 43.

A136.1.3. A136.1.3. God rides a bull. Hindu: Keith 111; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A136.1.4. A136.1.4. God rides bird. Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 94ff. (Vishnu on Garuda); Penzer Ocean X 159 s. v. Garuda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A136.1.4.1. A136.1.4.1. God rides swan. India: Thompson-Balys.

A136.1.5. A136.1.5. God rides flying elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A136.1.6. A136.1.6. Deity rides a buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

A136.1.7. A136.1.7. Deity rides a lion. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A136.1.8. A136.1.8. Goddess flies in bird‘s plumage. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 83, 126, 174.

A136.2. A136.2. God’s (goddess‘s) wagon drawn by unusual animals. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 22 (Thor’s goats, Freya‘s cats), 109 (Frey’s boars); Greek: *Frazer Pausanias IV 142 (dragons).

A136.2.1. A136.2.1. Goddess has team of sparrows. Greek: Sappho Ode to Aphrodite.

A136.2.2. A136.2.2. Goddess‘s chariot drawn by one-footed horse. Irish myth: Cross.

A136.3. A136.3. God’s chariot goes through the air. India: Thompson-Balys.

A136.3.1. A136.3.1. Chariot of fire drawn by four steeds of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

A137. A137. Pictorial representations of gods. (cf. A131). Irish myth: Cross.

A137.1. A137.1. God with hammer. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; Gaster Thespis 135, 363.

A137.1.1. A137.1.1. God with axe. Irish myth: Cross.

A137.2. A137.2. God with club. Irish myth: Cross.

A137.3. A137.3. God with wheel. Irish myth: Cross.

A137.3.1. A137.3.1. Wheel symbol. Irish myth: Cross.

A137.3.1.1. A137.3.1.1. Swastika (hooked cross). Irish myth: Cross.

A137.4. A137.4. God (goddess) with basket. Irish myth: Cross.

A137.4.1. A137.4.1. God carries brothers and sisters on his back in basket. Hivaoa (Marquesas): Handy 116.

A137.5. A137.5. God (goddess) with cornucopia. Irish myth: Cross.

A137.6. A137.6. Squatting god. Irish myth: Cross.

A137.7. A137.7. The bull with three cranes. (cf. A132.6). Irish myth: Cross.

A137.8. A137.8. Small-pox deity rides nude on an ass with the half of a winnowing fan for an umbrella and with a swing in one hand and a broom in the other. India: Thompson-Balys.

A137.9. A137.9. Goddess represented as mounted on a drake, attended by eight chief snakes attended by snake jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

A137.10. A137.10. God represented as king, world as his kingdom. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.11. A137.11. God represented in cloud. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.12. A137.12. God represented as bridegroom. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.13. A137.13. God represented as priest. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.14. A137.14. God represented with weapon. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.14.1. A137.14.1. God represented with bow of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.14.1.1. A137.14.1.1. God represented with arrow of flames. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.14.2. A137.14.2. God represented with spears as torches. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.14.3. A137.14.3. God represented with clouds as shield. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.14.4. A137.14.4. God represented with lightning flashes as sword. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.15. A137.15. God represented on high throne surrounded by angels. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.16. A137.16. God represented as meteor. (cf. A124). Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 113.

A137.17. A137.17. God represented as among seven sheaths of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

A137.18. A137.18. God with long white beard and white moustache. India: Thompson-Balys.

A138. A138. God‘s ineffable name. Jewish: Neuman.

A139. A139. Nature and appearance of the gods--miscellaneous.

A139.1. A139.1. Gods (supernatural beings) have many names. (cf. C432). Irish myth: Cross.

A139.2. A139.2. Tortoise footstool of God. India: Thompson-Balys.

A139.3. A139.3. Dragon god. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 136.

A139.4. A139.4. Vampire goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

A139.5. A139.5. God’s voice. Jewish: Neuman.

A139.5.1. A139.5.1. God‘s voice shatters mountain. Jewish: Neuman.

A139.5.2. A139.5.2. God’s voice causes thunder. Jewish: Neuman.

A139.6. A139.6. God‘s words. Jewish: Neuman.

A139.7. A139.7. Distinctive aroma of gods. Gaster Thespis 211, 389, 397.

A139.8. A139.8. God appears as an object.

A139.8.1. A139.8.1. God as a tree trunk. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 284.

A139.8.2. A139.8.2. Goddess appears as coral reef. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 219.

A139.8.3. A139.8.3. Smoldering fire of volcano as head of goddess. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 188.

A139.8.4. A139.8.4. God of the wind in shape of kite. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 121.

A139.8.5. A139.8.5. Goddess in form of tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 17.

A139.8.6. A139.8.6. God in shape of an image. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2, Chap. I passim.

A139.9. A139.9. Extraordinary physical characteristics of gods.

A139.9.1. A139.9.1. Goddess with red urine. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 315.

A139.9.2. A139.9.2. Gods have ichor, not blood: can be wounded but not killed. Iliad book V line 137.

A139.9.3. A139.9.3. Gods covered with red and yellow feathers. Tahiti: Henry 338.

A139.10. A139.10. God with myriad natures. Tahiti: Henry 336.

A139.11. A139.11. Gods recognized by natural phenomena associated with their worship--color, scent, etc. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 4.

A139.12. A139.12. Long-suffering God. Jewish: Neuman.

A139.13. A139.13. Temperamental goddess. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 840.

A139.14. A139.14. Ugly god. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 194 No. 135.

A139.15. A139.15. Greedy god. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 215f.

A140. A140. Gods as workmen. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 327.

A141. A141. God as craftsman. Hephaistos.--Greek: Fox 206.--Tahiti: Henry 342.

A141.1. A141.1. God makes automata and vivifies them. Icel.: Boberg; Greek: Fox 207; Africa (Luba): Donohugh Africa V 180.

A141.2. A141.2. God builds temple in heaven and brings it later to earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A141.3. A141.3. God bores hole in Hell to cause great heat on earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A141.4. A141.4. God lays foundations of earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A142. A142. Smith of the gods. Greek: Fox 206; Gaster Thespis 154ff.; *Krappe Archiv f. d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen CLVIII--CLXI passim.; Norse: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 115ff.; Lithuanian: Gray 330; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A142.0.1. A142.0.1. God as blacksmith. India: Thompson-Balys.

A142.1. A142.1. Brazier of the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A143. A143. Carpenter (wright) of the gods. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A144. A144. Physician of the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A145. A145. Champions of the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A147. A147. Gods as fishers. (cf. A165.9). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 24.

A150. A150. Daily life of the gods.

A151. A151. Home of the gods. Elysium, Avalon, earthly paradise.--Celtic (general): MacCulloch Celtic 14; Irish: ibid. 37f., 114ff., Cross; Welsh: ibid. 193; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 312ff.; Hindu: Penzer I 125 n. 1.; Jewish: Neuman.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 67; So. Am. Indian (Apapocuvб-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 122; Africa (Fang): Trilles 130.

A151.0.1. A151.0.1. Home of god where he is the only living one. Jewish: Neuman.

A151.0.2. A151.0.2. God’s abode known to none. Jewish: Neuman.

A151.1. A151.1. Home of gods on high mountain. Mt. Olympus. Patch PMLA XXXIII 618; Gaster Thespis 138, 170ff.; Greek: Fox 8, Grote I 10; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 23; Hindu: Penzer X 195 s. v. “Kailasa”, Keith 149 (Mount Meru); India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 19.

A151.1.1. A151.1.1. Home of gods inside of hill. Irish myth: Cross.--Cheyenne: Alexander N. Am. 123, 127; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 39.

A151.1.2. A151.1.2. Home of gods in cave. Hivaoa (Marquesas): Handy 104; Tonga: Gifford 81.

A151.1.3. A151.1.3. Home of gods in volcano crater. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 167, 173.

A151.1.4. A151.1.4. Gods live in cloudland. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 64, 67; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 31.

A151.2. A151.2. Garden of the gods. Hindu: Penzer I 66 n. 1, 68, 96, II 34, III 5, 24, 138, VI 82, VII 129, 148, VIII 73, 165, 170, IX 21, 87 n. 4; Irish myth: Cross; Babylonian: Ungnad Das Gilgamesch Epos IX 163, cf. 148, 163ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Gaster Thespis 171, Oldest Stories 48.

A151.3. A151.3. Home of the gods under the sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

A151.3.1. A151.3.1. Gods live in spring. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 74.

A151.3.2. A151.3.2. Home of gods on island. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 67f., 85; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 178.

A151.4. A151.4. Palaces of the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 327, 329.

A151.4.1. A151.4.1. God‘s temple of jewels. Jewish: Neuman.

A151.4.2. A151.4.2. Palace of gods with door at each end for sun’s journey. Virgil Aeneid X line 3.

A151.4.3. A151.4.3. Golden mansions of gods. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 421.

A151.4.4. A151.4.4. House of god with pillars made of dead chief‘s bones. Samoa: Beckwith Myth 76.

A151.5. A151.5. City of gods (God). Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 329; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 290, II 961, 1195.

A151.6. A151.6. God’s home on heavenly bodies.

A151.6.1. A151.6.1. God (Indra) has palace on Milky Way. India: Thompson-Balys.

A151.6.2. A151.6.2. Sun and moon as habitations of gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 85.

A151.7. A151.7. Deity lives in forest. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1059.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 36f.

A151.7.1. A151.7.1. Deity resides in tree. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1319.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 136.

F441.2.1. Wood-nymph.

A151.7.1.1. A151.7.1.1. God‘s home under tree of life. (cf. F441.2.1.). Jewish: Neuman.

A151.8. A151.8. God in sea of milk. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A151.9. A151.9. God originally resident among men. Jewish: Neuman.

A151.10. A151.10. God dwells at particular point on earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A151.10.1. A151.10.1. Home of God the ark and the temple. Jewish: Neuman.

A151.11. A151.11. God’s spirit dwells among mortals. Jewish: Neuman.

A151.12. A151.12. God‘s landing place (on island). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 11.

A151.13. A151.13. God dwells alone in darkness. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 42.

A151.14. A151.14. Various other dwelling places of gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 3, 11, 43, 67.

A152. A152. God’s throne. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.1. A152.1. God‘s two thrones (of mercy and of justice). Jewish: Neuman.

A152.2. A152.2. Flames surround God’s throne. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.3. A152.3. God‘s throne on wheels. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.4. A152.4. Attendants around God’s throne. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.5. A152.5. Heavenly curtain surrounds God‘s throne. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.6. A152.6. Footstool before divine throne. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.7. A152.7. Bearers of God’s throne. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.8. A152.8. Heavenly throne has Jacob‘s face engraved on it. Jewish: Neuman.

A152.9. A152.9. God’s throne becomes hot because of activities on earth. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 425, 492, 572, 897.

A153. A153. Food of the gods. Ambrosia.--Smith Dragon 188; Hindu: Keith 106, Tawney I 425, 478; India: Thompson-Balys; Greek: Roscher I 280.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 67; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 313; Irish myth: Cross.

A153.1. A153.1. Theft of ambrosia. Food of the gods stolen.--Hindu: Keith 139; Persian: Carnoy 283.

A153.2. A153.2. Magic food gives immortality to gods. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 54; India: Thompson-Balys.

A153.2.1. A153.2.1. Gods’ food gives supernatural growth. Irish Myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Greek: Grote I 43.

A153.3. A153.3. Banquets of the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 23; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 137.--So. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

A153.3.1. A153.3.1. Moon steals food from banquet of the gods. (cf. A153.1.). India: Thompson-Balys.

A153.3.2. A153.3.2. Sun, moon and wind dine with their uncle and aunt, thunder and lightning. India: Thompson-Balys.

A153.4. A153.4. Magic food rejuvenates the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 178.

A153.5. A153.5. Food of gods: meat of “cow of plenty”. India: Thompson-Balys.

A153.6. A153.6. Why gods only accept blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

A153.7. A153.7. God‘s preference for cooked food. India: Thompson-Balys.

A153.8. A153.8. Cannibal gods. (cf. G11.). India: Thompson-Balys.

A153.9. A153.9. Gods nourished by air. Hivaoa (Marquesas): Handy 105.

A154. A154. Drink of the gods. Greek: Grote I 43; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 54, 86, 172, 313; Hindu: Penzer X 243 s. v. “nectar”; Keith 46 and passim; India: *Thompson-Balys; Persian: Carnoy 265; Chinese: Ferguson 130.

A154.1. A154.1. Magic drink gives immortality to gods. (cf. D1040). Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 31, 54; Hindu: Keith 46.

A154.2. A154.2. Theft of magic mead by Odin. *Olrik Edda XXIV 236ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 54.

A154.3. A154.3. Gods discover liquor. India: Thompson-Balys.

A154.4. A154.4. Milk of the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A155. A155. Animals of the gods (cf. A136). Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 109, 216.

A155.1. A155.1. Cattle of the sun. Greek: Fox 137.

A155.2. A155.2. Horses of the gods. (cf. A171.1). Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 216; Snorra Edda Gylf. XV.

A155.3. A155.3. Birds of the gods. (cf. A165.1.1.). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 36f., 115, 177.

A155.4. A155.4. Gods keep mosquitoes as pets. India: Thompson-Balys.

A155.5. A155.5. God’s elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A155.5.1. A155.5.1. God has enormous elephant. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 457.

A155.6. A155.6. Goddess sleeps on bed of snakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A155.7. A155.7. God has his dairies and buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A156. A156. Precious properties of the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 266; Jewish: Neuman.

A156.1. A156.1. Jewels of the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 120ff., 140ff.; Jewish: Neuman.

A156.2. A156.2. God‘s crown. Jewish: Neuman.

A156.3. A156.3. God’s scepters. Jewish: Neuman.

A156.4. A156.4. God‘s seal. Jewish: Neuman.

A156.5. A156.5. Chariot of the gods. Virgil Aeneid X line 635; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 77, 916.

A157. A157. Weapons of the gods. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 32, 965.

A157.1. A157.1. Thunderweapon. Stone weapons (axes) brought down by thunderbolt (from Thunder God).--Blinkenberg The Thunder Weapon 1911; Hdwb. d. d. Aberglaubens II 325; Saintyves Corpus du Folklore Prehistorique en France et dans les Colonies Franзaises (1934--36) I--III; J. Balys Tautosakos Darbai III 1937 223ff.; Jewish: *Neuman.

A157.1.1. A157.1.1. Thunderbolt as gods’ weapon. Greek: Fox 159; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 214, 309, II 1060.

A157.2. A157.2. God‘s arrows. Jewish: Neuman.

A157.3. A157.3. God’s spear. Jewish: Neuman.

A157.4. A157.4. God‘s shield. Jewish: Neuman.

A157.5. A157.5. God’s sword. Jewish: Neuman.

A157.6. A157.6. God‘s bow. Jewish: Neuman.

A157.7. A157.7. Hammer of thunder god. Gaster Thespis 135, 363.

A158. A158. Clothing of gods. Eskimo: Holm 73; Jewish: Neuman.

A159. A159. Daily life of the gods--miscellaneous.

A159.1. A159.1. Deity’s special drum. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 965. C916.2. Animals produced when forbidden drum is beaten.

A160. A160. Mutual relations of the gods.

A161. A161. Hierarchy of gods. Persian: Carnoy 260; Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Mьller 142f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Greek: Grote I 3, 9; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 729.

A161.1. A161.1. Division of control of universe among gods. Greek: Grote I 3, 9.

A161.2. A161.2. King of the gods. See all references to A101 (Supreme god).

A161.3. A161.3. Queen of the gods. Greek: Grote I 10; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 13, chap. II passim.

A161.4. A161.4. God presides over all male spirits. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 13.

A161.5. A161.5. Eldest god born in front, younger at back. (Cf. A112.7.) Hivaoa (Marquesas): Handy 138.

A162. A162. Conflicts of the gods. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 1, 3, 8; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 26ff., 172; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 356, 411; Hindu: Penzer I 197ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 225; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 318, 1104.--Gaster Thespis 115ff., 125.

A162.1. A162.1. Fight of the gods and giants. Jьnger (F. G.) Die Titanen (Frankfurt a. M. 1944); Mayer Die Giganten und Titanen in der antiken Sage (Berlin 1887).--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 11, *42 n. 1, *43 n. 2; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 82, Herrmann Saxo II 97ff; Irish myth: Cross; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 356; Chinese: Werner 159; Hindu: Penzer X 77 s.v. “Asuras”, X 118 s.v. “Daityas”, X 119 s.v. “Danavas”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 254.

A162.1.0.1. A162.1.0.1. Recurrent battle (everlasting fight). (cf. A165.7.). Irish myth: Cross.

A162.2. A162.2. Combat between god of light and dragon of ocean. Jewish: Neuman; Babylonian and Egyptian: Mьller 104; cf. Chinese: Werner 215.

A162.3. A162.3. Combat between thundergod and devil. (cf. A157.1, A189.1.1, A284, A285). *Balys “Donner und Teufel in den Volkserzдhlungen der baltischen und skandinavischen Vцlker” Tautosakos Darbai VI (1939) 1--220.

A162.3.1. A162.3.1. Devil (ogre) steals thunder‘s instruments. Icel.: Thrymskvida; Lappish, Finnish, Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI (1939) 33--43.

A162.3.2. A162.3.2. Thunder and lightning slay devils. Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI (1939) 111--128.

A162.4. A162.4. Brahma cursed by other gods: now has no temples. India: Thompson-Balys.

A162.5. A162.5. God reborn of human woman to avenge self on giant. (cf. A179.5.). India: Thompson-Balys.

A162.6. A162.6. Battle between God’s orderly (giant) and plague. India: Thompson-Balys.

A162.7. A162.7. Single combat between gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 17, 206; Marquesas: Handy 109; Icel.: Boberg.

A162.8. A162.8. Rebellion of lesser gods against chief. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 60, 118, 155.

A163. A163. Contests among the gods.

A163.1. A163.1. Game between gods. (Cf. A164.3.1.).

A163.1.1. A163.1.1. Gods play chess. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 216 No. 165.

A164. A164. Marriage or liaison of gods. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 964; India: Thompson-Balys.

A164.1. A164.1. Brother-sister marriage of the gods. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 102; Greek: Grote I 58; Marquesas: Handy 122.

A164.1.1. A164.1.1. Mother-son marriage of the gods. Irish myth: Cross; So. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 281.

A164.2. A164.2. Adultery among the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A164.3. A164.3. Polygamy among the gods. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 186.

A164.3.1. A164.3.1. Krishna plays cards with his three wives. (Cf. A163.1.). India: Thompson-Balys.

A164.4. A164.4. Matriarchy among the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A164.5. A164.5. Polyandry among the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A164.6. A164.6. God as lover of giantess. Icel.: *Boberg.

A164.7. A164.7. Jealous wife of god. India. Thompson-Balys.

A165. A165. Attendants and servants of the gods. Greek: Grote I 10, 67; Icel.: *Boberg (A165.3); Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 964f.; Hindu: *Penzer I 200, X 158 s. v. “Ganas”, “Gandharvas”.

A165.1. A165.1. Animals as attendants of god.

A165.1.1. A165.1.1. Ravens as attendants of god. Grimm Deutsche Mythologie I 122.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 65, Boberg.

A165.1.2. A165.1.2. Eagle as god’s bird. Icel.: Boberg.

A165.1.3. A165.1.3. Red sea-bird god‘s pet. Tahiti: Henry 180.

A165.2. A165.2. Messenger of the gods. *Gьntert Weltkцnig 280; Gaster Thespis 139.--Greek: Fox 191 (Hermes, Iris), Grote I 43; Irish: Beal XXI 319, 336; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: *Neuman; Huichol: Alexander Lat. Am. 122.--Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 31, Henry 164.

A165.2.0.1. A165.2.0.1. Deity’s messenger can assume any guise he wishes. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 906.

A165.2.1. A165.2.1. Animals as messengers of the gods.

A165.2.1.1. A165.2.1.1. Wild beasts as messengers of the gods. Jewish: Neuman.

A165.2.1.1.1. A165.2.1.1.1. Wolves as god‘s dogs. *Fb “ulv” III 971, BP III 199.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 65.

A165.2.1.1.2. A165.2.1.1.2. Tiger as god’s messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

A165.2.1.1.3. A165.2.1.1.3. Elephant as god‘s messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

A165.2.1.1.4. A165.2.1.1.4. Bears as God’s messengers. Jewish: Neuman.

A165.2.1.1.5. A165.2.1.1.5. Leopards as God‘s messengers. Jewish: Neuman.

A165.2.1.1.6. A165.2.1.1.6. Lions as God’s messengers. Jewish: Neuman.

A165.2.2. A165.2.2. Birds as messengers of the gods. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 81; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 177.

A165.2.2.1. A165.2.2.1. Cock as ambassador of god. Fjort: Dennett 105 No. 29.

A165.2.3. A165.2.3. Angels as God‘s messengers. Jewish: Neuman.

A165.2.4. A165.2.4. Powers of nature (sun, moon, etc.) as God’s messengers. Jewish: Neuman.

A165.3. A165.3. Cupbearer of the gods. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 37 n. 4.

A165.3.1. A165.3.1. Cupbearer of the gods is god of smith-work. *MacCulloch Celtic 31.

A165.3.2. A165.3.2. Cupbearer of the gods controls waters. Irish myth: Cross.

A165.4. A165.4. Watchman of the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 152 (Heimdall), 276, 303, 313, 331 (Cock), 328 (Thor), 329 (Heimdall).--Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 221.

A165.4.1. A165.4.1. Demons as watchmen of the gods upon earth. Greek: *Grote I 63.

A165.5. A165.5. Doorkeeper of the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 186 (Syn).

A165.6. A165.6. Scribe of the gods. Siberian, Babylonian, Egyptian: Holmberg Siberian 410; Armenian: Ananikian 30ff.

A165.7. A165.7. Army of the gods. (cf. A162). Icel.: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 279 (Einherjar), Neckel Walhall 68ff; India: Thompson-Balys.

A165.8. A165.8. Magician of the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A165.9. A165.9. Fisherman of the gods. Gaster Thespis 154.--Maori: Clark 56.

A166. A166. Dancers of the gods. Hindu: Keith 143; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 186.

A167. A167. Assembly of gods. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 310, II 958, 1098.

A167.1. A167.1. Council of the gods. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A168. A168. Family of gods. (cf. A111, A164). Greek: Fox 151ff. passim.--Tahiti: Henry 231; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 311; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 964.

A169. A169. Mutual relations of the gods--miscellaneous.

A169.1. A169.1. Judge and tribunal of the gods. Icel.: *Boberg.

A170. A170. Deeds of the gods.

A171. A171. Gods ride through air. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A171.0.1. A171.0.1. God drives chariot over waves. Irish myth: Cross.

A171.0.2. A171.0.2. God ascends to heaven. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 109; Maori: Beckwith Myth 83; So. Am. Indian (Huamachuco): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151.

A171.0.3. A171.0.3. God descends from heaven.

A171.0.3.1. A171.0.3.1. God descends on rainbow. Tahiti: Henry 232; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 37.

A171.0.3.2. A171.0.3.2. God descends in form of shooting star. New Zealand: Beckwith Myth 113.

A171.1. A171.1. God rides through air on wind-swift horse. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 43.

A171.1.1. A171.1.1. God rides through air in chariot. Jewish: Neuman.

A171.1.2. A171.1.2. Valkyries ride through air and water. Icel.: Boberg.

A171.2. A171.2. God flies in bird plumage. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 83, Boberg; Greek: Iliad and Odyssey passim.

A171.3. A171.3. God flies in pillar of floating clouds, thunder, and lightning. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 29.

A172. A172. Gods intervene in battle. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Iliad passim; Norse: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 291ff, Boberg; Gaster Thespis 349; Hindu: Tawney I 412, II 473--477; Jewish: *Neuman.

A173. A173. Gods deposed for a time. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: De Vries FFC XCIV 38ff., Herrmann Saxo II 109ff.; Hindu: Tawney II 581.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 11, 17, 177.

A173.1. A173.1. In god’s absence his function ceases. Death, reproduction, etc., suspended until the god‘s return.--*Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 300ff.

A173.2. A173.2. Gods imprisoned. Irish myth: Cross.

A175. A175. God reduces the elements to order. Greek: Fox 9; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 20ff.

A175.1. A175.1. God supplies reproductive energy to all things. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 20, 32.

A176. A176. God ordains ceremonies and regulations. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 40.

A177. A177. God as thief. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 6 n. 1 (Hermes).

A177.1. A177.1. God as dupe or trickster. Irish myth: Cross.

A178. A178. God as prophet. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

A179. A179. Deeds of the gods--miscellaneous.

A179.1. A179.1. God as rath-builder. Irish myth: Cross.

A179.2. A179.2. God given dominion over floating island. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 71.

A179.3. A179.3. God deliberately has enemies kill him. Hivaoa (Marquesas): Handy 105.

A179.4. A179.4. Head of god bitten off by shark. Hivaoa (Marquesas): Handy 108.

A179.5. A179.5. Deity reincarnated. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 279.

A179.6. A179.6. God has power to create men. Marquesas: Handy 122.

A179.7. A179.7. God divests self of earthly raiment and clothes self with lightning. Maori: Beckwith Myth 83.

A179.8. A179.8. God hides from sun in shadow of a cloud. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/191).

A179.9. A179.9. God plays with leviathan. Jewish: Neuman.

A180. A180. Gods in relation to mortals. Irish myth: Cross; Norse: Olrik Kilderne til Sakses Oldhistorie I (1892) 30ff., 32ff.

A181. A181. God serves as menial on earth. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 20 n. 1, Grote I 36, 53, 108; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 142; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 962; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A181.1. A181.1. God clears plains. Irish myth: Cross.

A181.2. A181.2. God as cultivator. India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 17.

A182. A182. God reveals himself to mortals. Jewish: *Neuman.

A182.0.1. A182.0.1. God does not reveal himself; men unable to endure his glory. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.0.2. A182.0.2. Human intellect unable to conceive God’s essence. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.1. A182.1. God reveals secrets (mysteries) to mortals. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.1.1. A182.1.1. Household gods speak to explain events. Virgil Aeneid III line 155.

A182.2. A182.2. God gives name to child. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3. A182.3. God (angel) speaks to mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.0.1. A182.3.0.1. God speaks to Moses from bush. Jewish: Neuman; Moreno Esdras.

A182.3.0.1.1. A182.3.0.1.1. Angel speaks to Patrick from bush that merely seems to burn. Irish myth: Cross.

A182.3.0.2. A182.3.0.2. God speaks to saint in prison. Rьttgers Der Heiligen Leben (Leipzig, 1921) 103.

A182.3.0.3. A182.3.0.3. Saint speaks with God each Thursday. Irish myth: Cross.

A182.3.0.3.1. A182.3.0.3.1. Saint goes to heaven every Thursday (each day) and talks with angels. Irish myth: Cross.

A182.3.0.4. A182.3.0.4. God does not directly address women; uses interpreter. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.0.5. A182.3.0.5. God speaks from mountain. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.1. A182.3.1. God consoles mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.2. A182.3.2. God rebukes mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.3. A182.3.3. God blesses mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.4. A182.3.4. God makes promises to mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.4.1. A182.3.4.1. God in form of fakir visits king and gives him advice. India: Thompson-Balys.

A182.3.4.2. A182.3.4.2. God promises mortal prosperity for man and offspring. India: Thompson-Balys.

A182.3.5. A182.3.5. God advises mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A182.3.6. A182.3.6. Moon-god, overcome in contest with mortal, threatens to withold rain and game. Eskimo: Holm 75, Rink 442.

A183. A183. Deity invoked. Greek: Odyssey IX line 528, Iliad I 218, et passim; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2, chap. 1 passim.

A183.1. A183.1. Male god invoked in east; female in west. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 12.

A184. A184. God as founder and protector of certain peoples.

A184.1. A184.1. God as protector of Israel. Jewish: *Neuman.

A185. A185. Deity cares for favorite individuals. Greek: Fox 33, 170f., 197; Icelandic: Volsunga Saga chap. 13, Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 187f.

A185.1. A185.1. God helps mortal in battle. Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: Cross.

A185.2. A185.2. Deity protects mortal. Jewish: Neuman; Greek myth passim.

A185.2.1. A185.2.1. God rescues sleeping man from attack. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.2.2. A185.2.2. God makes man‘s hand rigid so he can no longer torment captive. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.2.3. A185.2.3. God makes sword drop from assailant’s hands. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.3. A185.3. Deity teaches mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.4. A185.4. Deity buries dead mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.5. A185.5. Deity assists at man‘s wedding. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.6. A185.6. Deity particular friend to one mortal.

A185.6.1. A185.6.1. God kisses mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.6.1.1. A185.6.1.1. Kiss of God causes painless death. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.7. A185.7. God prepares food for mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.8. A185.8. Deity promises to restore city. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.9. A185.9. Covenant between God and mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.10. A185.10. Deity accompanies mortal on journey as guide. Jewish: Neuman; Oahu (Hawaii): Beckwith Myth 328; Tahiti: ibid. 221; Africa (Fang): Einstein 94.

A185.11. A185.11. God rewards mortal for pious act. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.12. A185.12. Deity provides man with soul. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.12.1. A185.12.1. God resuscitates man. Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 188 No. 128.

A185.12.2. A185.12.2. God removes mortal‘s soul. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.13. A185.13. God puts mortal to test. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.14. A185.14. God controls mortals’ sinning.

A185.14.1. A185.14.1. God causes mortals‘ sin. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.14.2. A185.14.2. God witholds mortal from sinning. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.15. A185.15. God establishes peace between mortals. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.16. A185.16. God pities mortal. Jewish: Neuman.

A185.17. A185.17. God visits sick mortal. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1116.

A187. A187. Gods and men judge each other.

A187.1. A187.1. God as judge of men. Greek: Fox 227, Wienert FFC LVI 36; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 162 (Forseti); Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 198ff., II 249, IV 238, 275f., VIII 64, 108 n. 1, 163 n. 1, 184, 215.

A187.2. A187.2. Mortal as umpire of quarrel between gods. Icel.: Boberg; Celtic-Norse: FFC LXXXIII, xxxviii-xli.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

A188. A188. Gods and goddesses in love with men. Babylonian: Gilgamesch Epos VI (Ishtar).--Irish myth: Cross; Norse: Herrmann Saxo Gr. II 238ff., *Boberg; Greek: Fox 29, 157, 199, 211.--Tahiti: Henry 231, Beckwith Myth 37, Porapora (Society Is.): *Beckwith Myth 38; Maori: Clark 148; So. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 154, 165.

A188.1. A188.1. Philandering god. Greek: Grote I 58; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A188.2. A188.2. Gods as ancestors of mankind. Irish myth: Cross (A188.1); Hawaii: Beckwith myth 2, 70, 294, 300; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 37; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/1010); Easter Is.: Mйtraux 310; So. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171; Inca: Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315.

A189. A189. Gods in relation to mortals--miscellaneous.

A189.0.1. A189.0.1. “Gods and not-gods”. Irish myth: Cross (A189).

A189.1. A189.1. Mortal as ally of gods.

A189.1.1. A189.1.1. Man as helper of thundergod. Lithuanian, Latvian, Livonian, Estonian, Ukrainian, Polish, and Rumanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 53--83, 107f.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1147A; Prussian: Plenzat 60.

A189.2. A189.2. God summoned by weeping. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.3. A189.3. Man cheats a god in throwing dice. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.4. A189.4. God jealous of a mortal. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.5. A189.5. Goddess’ throne shakes when some mischance befalls her faithful worshipper. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.6. A189.6. Deity appears before human being after prayers. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.7. A189.7. Deity ascertains destiny of newborn babe and inscribes it upon his forehead. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.8. A189.8. Accountants of god keep lists of good and bad acts of human beings. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.9. A189.9. Early period when gods and men lived together, gods ruling men, ordaining how they should live and originating various customs.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.10. A189.10. Goddesses come down to earth by a silken thread, are offended by raja and produce drought. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.11. A189.11. Mortal adopted son by god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.12. A189.12. Goddess protects animals from hunters. India: Thompson-Balys.

A189.13. A189.13. Gods forced by mortals to take refuge underground. Irish myth: Cross (A183.1.).

A189.14. A189.14. God‘s enemies. Jewish: Neuman.

A189.15. A189.15. God as fructifier of mankind and the earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A189.16. A189.16. Gods give divinity to mortal. Tahiti: Henry 231.

A189.17. A189.17. Night the period of gods, day the period of mankind. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 14.

A190. A190. Gods: miscellaneous motifs.

A191. A191. Goddess rejuvenates self when old. Navaho: Alexander N. Am. 164.

A191.1. A191.1. Great age of the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A192. A192. Death or departure of the gods.

A192.1. A192.1. Death of the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 340ff. (at the Doom); Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 110; Tahiti: Henry 231; Chinese: Werner 99, Eberhard FFC CXX 141; Africa: Bouveignes 12.

A192.1.1. A192.1.1. Old god slain by young god. Irish myth: Cross.

A192.1.2. A192.1.2. God killed and eaten. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 311.

A192.2. A192.2. Departure of gods. Tonga: Gifford 102, Nukuhiva (Marquesas): Handy 123.

A192.2.1. A192.2.1. Deity departs for heaven (skies). Polynesia: Moriori (Chatham Is.), Pora Pora (Society Is.), Samoa: Beckwith Myth 38, 43, *241ff., 254; So. Am. Indian (Apapocuvб-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 122.

A192.2.1.1. A192.2.1.1. Deity departs for moon. Polynesia: Hawaii, Beckwith Myth 220, *241; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/931).

A192.2.2. A192.2.2. Divinity departs in boat over sea. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 29, *37.

A192.2.3. A192.2.3. Divinity departs to submarine home. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 206.

A192.2.4. A192.2.4. Divinity departs in column of flame. Pora Pora (Society Is.): Beckwith Myth 38.

A192.3. A192.3. Expected return of deity. Banks Is. (Fiji): Beckwith Myth 316.

A192.4. A192.4. Divinity becomes mortal. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 75.

A193. A193. Resurrection of gods. Chinese: Werner 99.

A194. A194. Divinity’s emotions.

A194.1. A194.1. Divinity weeps. Jewish: Neuman.

A194.2. A194.2. God‘s vengeance. Jewish: Neuman.

A194.3. A194.3. God’s jealousy. Jewish: Neuman.

A194.4. A194.4. God‘s joy. Jewish: Neuman.

A195. A195. Divinity’s companions.

A195.1. A195.1. God dealing with his angels. Jewish: Neuman.

A195.2. A195.2. Wisdom as God‘s companion. Jewish: Neuman.

A195.3. A195.3. Bird as the shadow of a god. Tahiti: Henry 121.

A196. A196. Deity’s limitations.

A196.1. A196.1. Fate controls gods. Greek: Fox 162; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 74; Semitic: Langdon 102, 307.

A196.2. A196.2. Decree of gods irrevocable. India: Thompson-Balys.

A196.2.1. A196.2.1. Deity changes decision. Jewish: Neuman.

A197. A197. Deity controls elements. Jewish: *Neuman; Greek: “Zeus the cloud gatherer”; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 10, 15ff., 32ff., 68--96, et passim.--Tahiti: Henry 337.

A199. A199. Gods--additional motifs.

A199.1. A199.1. Spirit of deity animates earthen jar when it is placed beneath banyan tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

A199.2. A199.2. God has magic vision only from his throne. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 22.

A199.3. A199.3. Deity‘s child becomes fire as soon as he is born. India: Thompson-Balys.

A199.4. A199.4. Wind drives buffaloes for god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A199.5. A199.5. God’s day is one thousand years. Jewish: Neuman.

A199.6. A199.6. Deity authenticates sacred writings in heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

A199.7. A199.7. Drums and flutes off-shore announce approach of gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 16 n. 3.

A200--A299.

A200--A299. Gods of the upper world.

A200. A200. God of the upper world.

A205. A205. Witch-woman of upper world. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (Z-G. 13/249).

A210. A210. Sky-god. *Cook Zeus; *Cook Classical Review XVII 270, XVIII 365, FL XV 301, XVI 260; *Hommel “Der allgegenwдrtige Himmelsgott” Archiv f. Religionsgeschichte XXIII 193; *Koch Der rцmische Juppiter (Frankfurt a. M. 1937).--Greek: Fox 152 (Zeus); Babylonian: Spence 76, 121ff.; Hindu: Keith 21, 24 (Dyaus, Varuna); India: Thompson-Balys; Icel.: De la Saussaye 243 (Tiu); Much Der germanische Himmelsgott, Finno-Ugric: *Holmberg Finno-Ugric 217ff.; Irish myth: Cross.--Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 583ff.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 114, 294; Africa (Luba): Donohugh V 180.

A210.1. A210.1. Sky-goddess. Egyptian: Mьller 37 (Hathor and others), 41 (Nut).--Tonga: Gifford 16.

A211. A211. God of heaven. (cf. A210). Icel.: De la Saussaye 233 (Odin); Jewish: Neuman; Gaster Thespis 122f.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 390; Armenian: Ananikian 11, 14, 37; Chinese: Werner 331, Graham; Hindu: Penzer III 257, IV 177 n. 1.--African: Werner African 127.--Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 80 (“Father Heaven”); Hivaoa (Marquesas): Handy 133.

A216. A216. God of the air. *Encyc. Religion and Ethics s. v. “Air and gods of the air”; Greek: Grote I 3; India: Thompson-Balys.

A220. A220. Sun-god. **Frobenius Das Zeitalter des Sonnengottes (Berlin 1904); Smith Dragon viii; Montelius FL XXI (1909) 60; Krappe “The Anatolian Lion God” JAOS LXV (1945) 144--154; Krappe “Apollon” Studi i Materiali di Storia delle Religioni XIX--XX (1943--1946); *Koch Gestirnverehrung im alten Italien (Frankfurt a. M. 1933).--Greek: Gaster Thespis 127, 205, 339f., Fox 241 (Helios); Egyptian: Mьller 24ff., 129 (Amon); Babylonian: Spence 109ff., 187, 189; Irish myth: Cross; Persian, Hindu: Keith 24--29, 232; Armenian: Ananikian, 11, 33, 37, 43; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 223; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 422; Chinese: Ferguson 90; Russian: Mбchal 273, 297, 299; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 735.--Navaho: Alexander N. Am. 165; Pima: ibid. 176; (Pawnee and Plains in general): ibid. 81, 87; Huichol: Alexander Lat. Am. 121.

A220.0.1. A220.0.1. Sun-god commits adultery. India: Thompson-Balys.

A220.0.2. A220.0.2. Sun-god couples with the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A220.1. A220.1. Sun-goddess. Gaster Thespis 30f., 127, 205, 339; Japanese: Anesaki 225ff., *Ikeda, Beckwith Myth 102; Irish myth: Cross.

A220.2. A220.2. The sun-god and his family. India: Thompson-Balys.

A221. A221. Sun-father. *Fb “sol” III 457b.--Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 81, 87; Zuсi: ibid. 187; S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93.

A222. A222. Sun-god bitten by snake, leaves earth for heaven. Egyptian: Mьller 80ff.

A225. A225. Son of the sun. Irish myth: Cross.--Central Brazil: Ehrenreich International Congress of Americanists XIV 661; Navaho: Matthews MAFLS V 104ff.

A226. A226. Sun father-in-law. American Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 123.

A227. A227. Two sun-gods.

A227.1. A227.1. Male sun-god while ascending; female while setting. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 12, chap. 2 passim.

A227.2. A227.2. One sun-god for night; another for day (Osiris, Horus). Egyptian: Mьller 113.

A240. A240. Moon-god. D. Nielson Die altarabische Mondreligion und die mosaische Ueberlieferung (Strassburg 1904); **Siecke Hermes der Mondgott; Gaster Thespis 291.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 186; Egyptian: Mьller 32, 33; Maspйro Histoire ancienne des peuples de l‘Orient classique 145; Hindu: Keith 90f., Oldenberg Religion des Veda 193, Penzer III 161 n. 1, India: Thompson-Balys, Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 854, II 735, 962; Japan: Beckwith Myth 102; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 223; Armenian: Ananikian 11.

A240.1. A240.1. Moon-goddess. Usener IV 1; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 186f. (Artemis, Hekate); India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 181.

A250. A250. Star-god. Gressmann Die hellenistische Gestirnreligion (Leipzig 1925).--Chinese: Werner 106; India: Thompson-Balys.

A251. A251. God of morning star. *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 17f.; Greek: Fox 247 (Phosphoros).

A252. A252. God of evening star. Greek: Fox 247 (Hesperos).

A253. A253. God of north star.

A253.1. A253.1. Goddess of north star. Chinese: Werner 144.

A255. A255. Star-deity and drought-demon fight. Persian: Carnoy 268.

A260. A260. God of light. Greek: Fox 179 (Apollo); Icel.: De la Saussaye 253ff. (Balder); Maori: Clark 14, 171n.

A162.2. A162.2. Combat between god of light and dragon of ocean.

A260.1. A260.1. Goddess of light. India: Thompson-Balys.

A270. A270. God of dawn. Gaster Thespis 228.

A270.1. A270.1. Goddess of dawn. Hindu: Keith 32; Greek: Roscher I 1252 s. v. “Eos”; Irish myth: Cross.

A280. A280. Weather-god. Irish myth: Cross, Beal XXI 326, 334.

A281. A281. Storm-god. See also A282.--Babylonian: Spence 95ff., 188; Assyrian: ibid. 218ff.; Persian: Carnoy 264; Japanese: Anesaki 225; Irish myth: Cross.

A281.1. A281.1. Storm-goddess. Hindu: Penzer I 272.--Eskimo: Boas RBAE VI 600.

A282. A282. Wind-god. Greek: Grote I 287; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 40ff. (Odin), 102 (Njord), De la Saussaye 225; Hindu: Keith 37, 40; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Penzer IV 110 n. 4, VIII 163 n.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 457; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 232; Chinese: Ferguson 73.--Maori: Dixon 32; Marshall Is.: Davenport 222; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 86, 121.--Eskimo: Rasmussen Myter I 99--102; S. Am. Indian (Arua): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379; Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 101.

A282.0.1. A282.0.1. Wind-goddess. Eskimo: Rasmussen Myter I 100, Holm 95.

A282.0.1.1. A282.0.1.1. Facial features of wind-goddess reversed. Eskimo: Rasmussen Myter I 102.

A282.0.2. A282.0.2. Wind-angel. Jewish: Neuman.

A282.1. A282.1. God of whirlwind. Typhon. He is represented as having serpents’ heads on his shoulders, as having a voice like the sound of many beasts and eyes which flash fire.--Greek: Fox 9.

A283. A283. Cloud-god. Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 234; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A283.1. A283.1. Cloud-angel. Jewish: Neuman.

A284. A284. God of thunder. *Harris Boanerges 13ff., 20; Montelius FL XXI (1909) 60.--Icel.: De la Saussaye 236 (Thor); Lithuanian: Gray 319, Balys “Der Donner im lithauischen Volksglauben” Tautosakos Darbai III (1937) 149--238; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 227; Estonian: Eisen Estnische Mythologie 156ff.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 443; Armenian: Ananikian 11; Chinese: Werner 198, 201; Greek: Fox 159 (Zeus); Egyptian: Mьller 103 (Seth); Hindu: Keith 37 (Parjanya).--Maori: Beckwith Myth 250; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 172; American Indian: Alexander N. Am. 287 n. 32.

A284.0.1. A284.0.1. Angel of thunder. Jewish: Neuman.

A284.1. A284.1. Goddess of thunder. Maori: Dixon 57.

A284.2. A284.2. Thunderbird. A mythical giant bird usually thought of as a thunder-god.--*Harris Boanerges 13--30 passim, Harris Picus who is also Zeus vii; *Encyc. Religion and Ethics I 529a; Hatt Asiatic Influences 36ff.; Gaster Thespis 135, 363.--Babylonian: Spence 193; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 439; India: Thompson-Balys.--African: Werner African 237.--N. A. Indian: Alexander N. Am. 387 n. 32 *Thompson Tales 318 n. 151c.; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55, (Toba): Mйtraux Myths 110.--Cf. Persian: Carnoy 289 (Saena).

A284.3. A284.3. Appearance of thunder-spirit. Eskimo: Rasmussen Myter III 61.

A284.3.1. A284.3.1. Thunder god or spirit has very long mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A284.3.2. A284.3.2. Thunder spirit lives in world below earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A285. A285. God of lightning. Gaster Thespis 213; Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Keith 36; Chinese: Dawsel Magie und Geheimwissenschaft 150.--Maori: Beckwith Myth 250.

A285.0.1. A285.0.1. Angel of lightning. Jewish: Neuman.

A285.1. A285.1. Lightning weapon of the gods. Irish myth: Cross.

A287. A287. Rain-god. Gaster Thespis 122f.; *Smith Dragon vii ff., 77f., 86.--Greek: Fox 159 (Zeus); Hindu: Keith 39, 135, 233; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 98, 412; Chinese: Werner 206; Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 134; Antilles: ibid 25; Aztec: ibid. 71; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 97; Samoa ibid. 19; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 310.

A287.0.1. A287.0.1. Rain-god and wind-god brought back in order to make liveable weather. Have been banished by sun-god.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A287.1. A287.1. Rain-goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

A287.2. A287.2. St. Peter as ruler for the air and rain. Often misunderstands the orders of God.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 31.

A288. A288. Rainbow-goddess. Greek: Fox 241 (Iris).--Chibcha: Alexander Lat. Am. 204.

A289. A289. Other weather-gods.

A289.1. A289.1. Frost-god. Gaster Thespis 345; Type 480 (*Roberts 120).--Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 233; Icel.: Boberg.

A300--A399.

A300--A399. Gods of the underworld.

A300. A300. God of the underworld. Gaster Thespis 136; Greek: Grote I 3; Irish myth: Cross; Babylonian: Spence 105, 150; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 695; Korean: Zong in-Sob 92 No. 50; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 200f.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 114; Fiji: Beckwith Myth 138; Nukuhiva (Marquesas): Handy 122.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 57.

A300.1. A300.1. Goddess of underworld. (cf. A310.1). Oceania: Beckwith Myth 294; Polynesia: Beckwith Myth 114; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1241) Nukuhiva (Marquesas): Handy 121; Tonga: Beckwith Myth 178.

A302. A302. Angel of hell. Jewish: Neuman.

A305. A305. Demigod of underworld. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/221, 249, 317); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 155 n. 33.

A307. A307. Deity ruler of lowest heaven. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 938.

A308. A308. Warrior chieftain of underworld. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/203).

A310. A310. God of the world of the dead. *Meyer “Der irische Totengott und die Toteninsel” Stzb. d. preussischen Akad. d. Wissenschaften XXXII 537.--Greek: Fox 233 (Hades); Icel.: De la Saussaye 227 (Odin), Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 486; Egyptian: Mьller 97 (Osiris); Hindu: Keith 159; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 201f.--Jicarilla Apache: Alexander N. Am. 175, Goddard PaAM VIII 194 n. 1; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 77, 80; Huichol: ibid. 122; Maya: ibid. 139.

A310.1. A310.1. Goddess of world of the dead. Greek: Fox 230 (Persephone); Icel.: De la Saussaye 280 (Hel), 276 (Freyja), *Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 303ff.; Armenian: Ananikian 35; Babylonian: Spence 129.--New Zealand (Maori): Dixon 74; Eskimo: Thompson Tales 272 n. 2.

A310.2. A310.2. God of the slain. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 44 (Odin).

A310.3. A310.3. God of the hanged. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 43ff. (Odin).

A310.4. A310.4. God of suicide. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 177.

A311. A311. Conductor of the dead. Greek: Farnell Cults of the Greek States V 15ff.; Egyptian: Mьller 111. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 72, 110.

A316. A316. Goddess divides time between upper and lower worlds. Persephone spends six months on earth and six in Hades.--*Frazer Apollodorus I 41 n. 2.

A317. A317. Demon god lies in wait for spirits descending to underworld. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/18).

A318. A318. Rank of the gods in Hades. Chinese: Werner 98.

A400--A499.

A400--A499. Gods of the earth.

A400. A400. God of earth. Greek: *Grote I 3; Irish myth: Cross; Egyptian: Mьller 42; Persian: Carnoy 260; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 42, 120.

A400.0.1. A400.0.1. Gods of earth. Irish myth: Cross.

A400.1. A400.1. Goddess of earth. Gaster Thespis 128 n., 51; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 243ff., 413ff.; Livonian: Loortis Liivi rahva usund I 256; Lithuanian, Chuvashan: Wolter “Die Erdgцttin der Tschuwaschen und Litauer” Archiv f. Religionswiss. II 358ff.; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 194; Hindu: Penzer II 241, IV 177 n. 1, India: Thompson-Balys.--Haitian: Alexander Lat. Am. 34; Aztec: ibid. 74f.; Chibcha: ibid. 204.

A400.2. A400.2. Angel of earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A401. A401. Mother Earth. The earth is conceived of as the mother of all things (cf. A431.1).--**Dieterich Mutter Erde; A. Mayer Erdmutter und Hexe (Mьnchen 1936); *Lang Myth. 299ff.; Fb. “jord” II 44b IV 247a; Nцldeke “Mutter-Erde bei den Semiten” Archiv f. Religionswiss. VIII 161.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 194, 328; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 239; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 459; Hindu: Keith 230; India: *Thompson-Balys.--African: Werner African 125.--N. Am. Indian: *Thompson Tales 280 n. 37a, Alexander N. Am. 91f., 289 n. 34.

A401.1. A401.1. Mother Earth pregnant with Adam. Jewish: Neuman.

A405. A405. Nature gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2, chap. I passim.

A410. A410. Local gods. Chinese: Graham; Irish myth: Cross.

A411. A411. Household gods. Irish myth: Cross; Istrian: Mбchal 229; Slavic (general): ibid. 240ff.; Germanic: Meyer Germanen 213ff.; Roman: (Lares and Penates) *Frazer Ovid II 470 n. 1, IV 12ff., Roscher II 1868 s. v. “Lares”; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 454; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 113ff.; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 543--570; Chinese: Ferguson 75.

A411.1. A411.1. Door-gods. Chinese: Werner 172.

A411.2. A411.2. Kitchen-gods. Chinese: Werner 166; India: Thompson-Balys.

A411.3. A411.3. Dairy-god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A411.4. A411.4. Hearth-god. Greek: Grote I 55 (Hestia, Vesta).

A412. A412. City-gods. Chinese: Werner 403, Eberhard FFC CXX 42, 67.

A413. A413. God of roads (streets). *Frazer Pausanias II 417.--Irish myth: Cross.

A413.1. A413.1. God of cross-roads. Frazer Ovid II 453ff.--Irish myth: Cross.

A414. A414. God of boundaries. *Frazer Ovid I 95ff., II 481ff.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A415. A415. God of clans or nations. Jewish: Neuman.--Hopi: Alexander N. Am. 189.

A417. A417. Gods of the Quarters. A god or spirit for each of the world-quarters, north, south, east, and west.--Japanese: Anesaki 243; Chinese: Werner 240.--Marshall Is.: Davenport 222; American Indian: *Alexander N. Am. 286 n. 31; Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 137.

A417.1. A417.1. Beast guardians of the four quarters. Hindu: Penzer VIII 75f., 108 n. 1 (elephants).--Sia: Alexander N. Am. 203.

A418. A418. Deity of particular mountain. (cf. A495). Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 529; Korean: Zong in-Sob 170 no. 73; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 185ff.

A418.1. A418.1. Angel of mountains. Jewish: Neuman.

A419. A419. Local gods--miscellaneous.

A419.1. A419.1. Deity of particular forest. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 17.

A419.1.1. A419.1.1. Angel of the bush. Jewish: Neuman.

A419.2. A419.2. Deity of the deserts.

A419.2.1. A419.2.1. Angel of the deserts. Jewish: Neuman.

A419.3. A419.3. Gods of seat-braces on canoe. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 16.

A420. A420. God of water. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 167; Babylonian: Spence 76, 111ff.; Persian: Carnoy 260; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 217, 222; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Die Wassergottheiten der finno-ugrischen Vцlker (MSFO XXXII); Gaster Thespis 123.--S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 52; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 541.

A420.1. A420.1. Water-goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

A421. A421. Sea-god. Gaster Thespis 123; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 102 (Njord), 171 (Aegir); Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 210, *Grote I 3, 10, 173.--Society Is., Cook Group: Dixon 39; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 19, 61, 97; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 360, Henry 122; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/441); Tonga: Gifford 87; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 311.

A421.0.1. A421.0.1. Angel of the deep. Jewish: *Neuman.

A421.1. A421.1. Sea-goddess. Greek: *Grote I 173 (Thetis); Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 190 (Ran); Babylonian: Gilgamesch X line 1ff., cf. p. 136ff. (Jensen’s edition); India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 269; Chinese: Ferguson 72; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 492.--Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/441).

A421.1.1. A421.1.1. Sea-queen and hand maidens entice lovers. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/441).

A423. A423. Waves as girls, daughters or widows of the sea-god. Icel.: Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 190.

A425. A425. River-god. Greek: Fox 256, *Frazer Pausanias II 527; Egyptian: Mьller 45ff.; Russian: Rambaud La Russie йpique 216f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 336, Eberhard FFC CXX 135--141.

A425.0.1. A425.0.1. Angel of rivers. Jewish: Neuman.

A425.1. A425.1. River goddess. Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Penzer II 189 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A425.1.1. A425.1.1. Stream is wife of deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

A427. A427. God of springs.

A427.1. A427.1. Goddess of springs and wells. In Greek myth, the nymphs were regarded as deities of springs. In Babylonian, Ishtar, the goddess of fertility had this function.--Greek: Fox 257; Persian and Babylonian: Carnoy 278.

A430. A430. God of vegetation. **Siecke Der Vegetationsgott.--Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 260; Chinese: Graham.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 76.

A430.0.1. A430.0.1. Angel in charge of vegetation. Jewish: Neuman.

A430.1. A430.1. Goddess of vegetation. Irish myth: Cross.

A430.1.1. A430.1.1. Goddess of splendor of spring. Hindu: Penzer I 112; Japanese: Anesaki 233.

A430.1.2. A430.1.2. Goddess of autumn leaves. Japanese: Anesaki 234.

A431. A431. God of fertility. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 160; Roman: Frazer Ovid II 172; Icel.: De la Saussaye 252; Krappe “Ingvi-Frey and Aengus Mac Oc” Scandinavian Studies (1943) 174--178.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 13, 93, chap. II passim; Marshall Is.: Davenport 222.

A431.1. A431.1. Goddess of fertility. (cf. A401). Irish myth: Cross; Greek-Roman: Fox 292; Babylonian: Carnoy 278 (Ishtar), Spence 124; Lappish: Reuterskiцld De Nordiska Lapparnas Religion 102ff.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 185; Icel.: Boberg.

A431.1.1. A431.1.1. In absence of goddess of fertility, no reproduction of life. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 304.

A431.1.2. A431.1.2. Goddess of fertility of wild forest plants. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 289.

A431.1.3. A431.1.3. Goddess causes famine. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 289.

A431.1.4. A431.1.4. Goddess of dryness and sterility. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 203f.

A432. A432. God of agriculture. Irish myth: Cross; Roman: Frazer Ovid III 2 n. 1; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 244; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 232; Chinese: Werner 239.--Maori: Dixon 32; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 15, 20, 61, and chap. II passim.

A432.0.1. A432.0.1. God plants fields. *Dh I 192ff. India: Thompson-Balys.

A432.0.2. A432.0.2. Plowman god. Irish myth: Cross.

A432.1. A432.1. Goddess of agriculture. Irish myth: Cross (A432.0.2); Greek: Fox 230.

A433. A433. Gods or goddesses of special crops. Mangaia (Cook Is.): Clark 140.

A433.1. A433.1. Corn-god (goddess). *Frazer Golden Bough VII passim; Gaster Thespis 373.--Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 241; Greek: Fox 226; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 231 No. 177.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 75; Zuсi: Alexander N. Am. 188; Pawnee: ibid. 81, 92; Arikara: ibid. 107.

A433.1.1. A433.1.1. God of rice-fields. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A433.2. A433.2. The seven grain sisters. India: Thompson-Balys.

A433.3. A433.3. God of the vine. Greek: Grote I 239 (Dionysus).

A433.4. A433.4. God (goddess) of fruit. Roman: Fox 290 (Pomona); Jewish: Neuman.

A433.5. A433.5. God (angel) of grass. Jewish: Neuman.

A434. A434. Goddess (god) of flowers. Roman: *Frazer Ovid III 417; India: Thompson-Balys.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 77f.

A435. A435. God of trees and forests. Greek: Fox 267 (Pan); Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 283, II 253; Jewish: Neuman.--Maori: Dixon 32.

A435.1. A435.1. Bamboo goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

A435.2. A435.2. Fig tree as god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A440. A440. God of animals. Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: Cross.

A440.1. A440.1. Goddess of animals. Penzer I 272 (Ishtar).

A441. A441. God (goddess) of domestic animals. Persian: Carnoy 260; Irish myth: Cross.

A441.1. A441.1. God of domestic beasts.

A441.1.1. A441.1.1. Goddess of buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A441.1.2. A441.1.2. God of flocks. Russian: Mбchal 300.

A441.2. A441.2. God of domestic fowls. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 120.

A443. A443. God (goddess) of wild animals. Irish myth: Cross.

A443.1. A443.1. God of wild beasts.

A443.2. A443.2. God of wild fowls.

A443.2.1. A443.2.1. God of owls. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 123.

A445. A445. God of fish. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 11, 60, 90.

A445.0.1. A445.0.1. Angel of fishes. Jewish: Neuman.

A445.1. A445.1. God of the squid. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 60.

A445.2. A445.2. God of eels. Maori: Clark 163; Samoa: Clark 70.

A446. A446. God of reptiles.

A446.1. A446.1. God of lizards. Maori: Clark 91.

A446.1.1. A446.1.1. God whose shadow on earth is a lizard. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 360.

A446.2. A446.2. God of the cutworm. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth.

A450. A450. God of trades and professions.

A450.1. A450.1. God “of many arts”. Irish myth: Cross.

A451. A451. Artisan-god. Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Keith 50 (Tvastr).

A451.1. A451.1. God of smith-work. Gaster Thespis 136, 154f.; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 28; Greek: Fox 206 (Hephaistos); Norse: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 115ff. (Weland).

A451.1.1. A451.1.1. Goddess of smith-work. Irish myth: Cross.

A451.2. A451.2. God of carpenters. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 317.

A451.2.1. A451.2.1. God as canoe builder. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 15.

A451.3. A451.3. God of handicrafts.

A451.3.1. A451.3.1. Goddess of weaving and spinning. Greek: Grote I 51.

A451.4. A451.4. Goddess of pottery. Greek: Grote I 51.

A452. A452. God of hunting. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 156 (Ullr); Assyrian: Spence 216.--Cherokee: Alexander N. Am. 69.

A452.1. A452.1. Goddess of hunting. Greek: Fox 183; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 103ff., Boberg.

A453. A453. Shepherd-god. Greek: Grote I 57; Babylonian: Spence 126ff. (Tammuz); India: Thompson-Balys.

A454. A454. God of healing. *Jayne The Healing Gods of Ancient Civilizations (New Haven 1925); *Hopf Die Heilgцtter und Heilstдtten des Altertums (Tьbingen 1904).--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 179, *Grote I 166f.; Hindu: Penzer III 258; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 247.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115.

A454.0.1. A454.0.1. Angel of healing (Raphael). Jewish: Neuman.

A454.1. A454.1. Goddess of healing. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 186 (Eir); Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 184 (Artemis); India: Thompson-Balys.

A455. A455. God of fishing. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 15.

A456. A456. God of sailors.

A456.1. A456.1. Goddess of sailors. India: Thompson-Balys.

A457. A457. God of thieves. Tahiti, Mangaia, Rarotonga, Maori: Beckwith Myth 447; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 310.

A459. A459. God of trades and professions--miscellaneous.

A459.1. A459.1. God or goddess of skiing (or snow-shoes). Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 105 (Skadi), 156 (Ullr), Boberg.

A460. A460. Gods of abstractions. Greek: Fox 299.

A461. A461. God of wisdom. Irish myth: Cross; Norse: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 320 (Odin); Greek: Grote I 10 (Apollo); Babylonian: Spence 184ff.

A461.1. A461.1. Goddess of wisdom. Greek: Grote I 10 (Athene).--Tahiti: Henry 85.

A462. A462. God of beauty. Tahiti: Henry 128.

A462.1. A462.1. Goddess of beauty. Hindu: Penzer VII 129 n. 4, 137; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 767.

A463. A463. God of fate. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 10; Egyptian: Mьller 52; Slavic (general): Mбchal Slavic 249ff.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 392.

A463.0.1. A463.0.1. God of fate in shape of golden frog. India: Thompson-Balys.

A463.1. A463.1. The Fates. Goddesses who preside over the fates of men.--Wehrhan Die Sage 81; Gaster Thespis 348.--Norse: De la Saussaye 312, Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 32, 36, 47, 131, MacCulloch Eddic 238ff., *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 7; Irish myth: Cross, Beal. 21, 318, 336; Lappish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 256ff.; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 527f.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A463.1.1. A463.1.1. The Fates weave. Icel.: Boberg.

A463.1.2. A463.1.2. Three fates in house in woods allot destiny to people. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *936.

A464. A464. God of justice. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 162 (Forseti); Jewish: Neuman; Assyrian: *Spence 222; Persian: Carnoy 260f.; Hindu: Penzer I 4, 84 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

A464.1. A464.1. Goddess of justice. Greek: Fox 6 (Themis).

A465. A465. God of the arts. Greek: Grote I 43 (Apollo).

A465.0.1. A465.0.1. The Nine Muses, patronesses of the arts. Greek: Fox 239, Grote I 10.

A465.1. A465.1. God of poetry. Greek: Fox 181; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 55 (Odin), 160 (Bragi).

A465.1.1. A465.1.1. Goddess of poetry. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 40, Cross.

A465.2. A465.2. God of music. Greek: Fox 181.

A465.2.0.1. A465.2.0.1. God as harper. Irish myth: Cross.

A465.2.1. A465.2.1. Goddess of music. Hindu: Penzer I 243; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 268.

A465.3. A465.3. God of eloquence and learning. Irish myth: Cross.

A465.3.0.1. A465.3.0.1. God of eloquence and learning as inventor of ogam alphabet. Irish myth: Cross.

A465.3.1. A465.3.1. Goddess of eloquence and learning. Hindu: Penzer I 1 n. 4, 18 n. 1, 31 n. 3.

A465.4. A465.4. God of the dance. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 16.

A465.4.1. A465.4.1. Goddess of the dance. India: Thompson-Balys.

A465.5. A465.5. God of pictorial art.

A465.5.1. A465.5.1. God of tattooing. Tahiti: Henry 234.

A466. A466. Goddess of fame. Hindu: Penzer II 90, 116.

A467. A467. God of happiness. Chinese: Werner 169.

A467.1. A467.1. Angel of peace. Jewish: Neuman.

A468. A468. The three Graces. Greek: Fox 236, Grote I 10.

A471. A471. God of prophecy. Greek: Fox 178; Norse: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 306ff. (Odin); India: *Thompson-Balys.

A471.1. A471.1. Goddess of prophecy. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

A472. A472. God of sleep.

A472.0.1. A472.0.1. Angel of insomnia. Jewish: Neuman.

A472.1. A472.1. Goddess of sleep. Hindu: Penzer V 197.

A473. A473. God of wealth. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Roscher III 2572 s. v. “Plutos”; Icel.: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 204; Hindu: Penzer X 163 s. v. “God of Wealth”, X 205 s. v. “Kuvera”; Chinese: Werner 170, Eberhard FFC CXX 176, 196.

A473.0.1. A473.0.1. Angel of poverty. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys (A489.3).

A473.1. A473.1. Goddess of wealth. Irish myth: Cross.--Hindu: Penzer X 206 s. v. “Lakshmi”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 268.

A473.1.1. A473.1.1. Goddess of prosperity. India: Thompson-Balys.

A474. A474. Gods of youth and age.

A474.1. A474.1. God of youth. Irish myth: Cross.

A474.1.1. A474.1.1. Goddess of youth. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 178 (Idunn); Greek: Fox 240.

A474.2. A474.2. God (goddess) of longevity. Chinese: Werner 171, 214, Ferguson 81; Japanese: Anesaki 280.

A475. A475. God of love. Krappe “Diarmuid and Grainne” FL XLVII (1936) 347--361.--Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Keith 141; Penzer X 163 s. v. “God of Love”; Greek: Roscher I 1339 s.v. “Eros”.

A475.0.1. A475.0.1. Cupid with arrows of lead and gold. *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 438 n. 42.

A475.0.2. A475.0.2. Marriage-god. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A475.1. A475.1. Goddess of love. Krappe “The Bearded Venus” FL LVI (1945) 325--335.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 198, Grote I 5; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 120 (Freya); Armenian: Ananikian 24f., 38f.; Babylonia: Spence 124.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 185, 186; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 78; S. Am. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908.

A475.1.1. A475.1.1. Goddess of love with thousand faces. India: Thompson-Balys.

A475.1.1.1. A475.1.1.1. Goddess of thousand eyes discovered by lousing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A476. A476. Goddess of chastity. Greek: Fox 185; Icel.: Boberg.

A477. A477. Goddess of childbirth. *Ploss Das Kind I 18ff.; Penzer I 272.--Greek: Fox 164, 167, 185.; Finno-Ugric: *Holmberg Finno-Ugric 252ff.; Armenian: Ananikian 25; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 414.--India: Thompson-Balys.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 285.

A477.1. A477.1. Goddess of cradle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A478. A478. God of disease.

A478.1. A478.1. Goddess of pestilence. *Krappe “Artemis Mysia” Classical Philology XXXIX (1944) 178--183.--Hindu: Penzer I 147.

A478.2. A478.2. God (goddess) of smallpox. India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 57 No. 32.

A478.3. A478.3. God (goddess) of cholera. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A478.4. A478.4. God of fevers. India: Thompson-Balys.

A478.5. A478.5. Devil of leprosy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A478.6. A478.6. Angel (demon) of blindness. Jewish: Neuman.

A481. A481. God of intoxication (or of wine). W. F. Otto, Dionysos: Mythos und Kultus (Frankfurt a. M. 1933).--Greek: Fox 219; Hindu: Keith 46; India: Thompson-Balys.--S. Am. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908.

A482. A482. God of gambling (luck). Hindu: Penzer IV 240 n. 1.

A482.1. A482.1. Goddess of ill-luck. Hindu: Penzer VI 106; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A482.1.1. A482.1.1. Spirit of ill-luck a son of a god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A482.2. A482.2. Goddess of good luck (Lakshmi). India: Thompson-Balys.

A483. A483. God of mercy. Jewish: Neuman.

A483.0.1. A483.0.1. Angel of mercy. Jewish: Neuman.

A483.1. A483.1. Goddess of mercy. Chinese: Werner 251.

A484. A484. God of oaths.

A484.1. A484.1. Goddess of oaths. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 186 (Vбr).

A485. A485. God of war. *H. Lommel Der arische Kriegsgott (Frankfurt a. M. 1939).--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 189; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 40, 55 (Odin), 98 (Tyr); Armenian: Ananikian 42; Hindu: Penzer VII 137, VIII 180; Chinese: Ferguson 95; Babylonian: Spence 106ff.; Jewish: Neuman.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 58; Maya: ibid. 139.--Tahiti: Henry 120; Maori: Clark 14; Marquesas: Handy 110; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 15.

A485.1. A485.1. Goddess of war. Gaster Thespis 136; Irish myth: Cross; Roman: Frazer Ovid IV 151ff.; Assyrian: Spence 213; India: Thompson-Balys.

A485.2. A485.2. Valkyries (shield-maidens). Demigoddesses who attend battle.--*Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 240ff; **Golther “Der Valkyrenmythus” Abhandl. d. Akad. d. Wiss. (Mьnchen), 1. Kl., XVIII, Abt. 2, 401ff.; *Krappe Modern Language Review XXI 55 ff.; *Hertz Aus Dichtung und Sage 31ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Norse: De la Saussaye 304ff., MacCulloch Eddic 248ff., 259, 283--84, 314, Penzer X 345 s. v. “Valkyries”.

A485.3. A485.3. God of single-combats. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 156 (Ullr).

A486. A486. The Furies. Goddesses of vengeance.--Greek: Fox 275, Frazer Apollodorus I 5 n. 4; India: Thompson-Balys.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115.

A487. A487. God of death. *Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 300ff.--Hindu: Penzer X 365 s. v. “Yama”; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 680; India: *Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark 8, 135; Marshall Is.: Davenport 222; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux Myths 19; Icel.: Boberg.

A487.0.1. A487.0.1. Death kills only those whose time it is to die. India: Thompson-Balys.

A487.1. A487.1. Goddess of death. Hindu: Penzer IV 110 n. 3.

A488. A488. God of destruction. India: Thompson-Balys

A489. A489. Gods of abstractions--miscellaneous.

A489.1. A489.1. Goddess of protection. India: Thompson-Balys.

A489.2. A489.2. God of strength. India: Thompson-Balys.

A489.3. A489.3. God of fear.

A489.3.1. A489.3.1. Angel of fear. Jewish: Neuman.

A489.4. A489.4. God of laughter. Greek: Hesiod (Momus).

A490. A490. Miscellaneous gods of the earth. *Hartmann Die germanische Gottheit des Jahres und des Lebens (Halle 1935).

A491. A491. God of travelers. Greek: Fox 195; Chinese: Ferguson 82; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 221.

A492. A492. God of metals. Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 260.

A493. A493. God of fire. Greek: Fox 205; Russian: Mбchal 298; Persian: Carnoy 260, 284; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Keith 43, Penzer X 163 s. v. “God of Fire” (Agni); India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 952, II 8; Armenian: Ananikian 33; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 235; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 454; Chinese: Ferguson 76, Werner 237, 283.--Huichol: Alexander Lat. Am. 121; Maori: Clark 41; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 170; Tahiti: Henry 130, 241; Icel.: Boberg.

A493.0.1. A493.0.1. Angel of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

A493.1. A493.1. Goddess of fire. India: Thompson-Balys; Oceanic: Beckwith Myth 167ff.

A493.2. A493.2. God of the furnace. India: Thompson-Balys.

A494. A494. Food-goddess. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 232.

A495. A495. Mountain-god. Chinese: Ferguson 91.

A496. A496. God of the seasons. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A496.1. A496.1. God of spring. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 992.

A497. A497. Echo.

A497.1. A497.1. Echo invisible. India: Thompson-Balys.

A498. A498. Deity of stone. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A499. A499. Other deities.

A499.1. A499.1. Python-goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

A499.2. A499.2. Goddess of the hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

A499.3. A499.3. God of stones. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 88.

A499.4. A499.4. God of sorcery. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 15, 29f., 108.

A499.4.1. A499.4.1. Goddess of sorcery. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 114.

A499.5. A499.5. God of dreams. Greek: Grote II 115.

A499.6. A499.6. God of poison. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 112.

A499.7. A499.7. Goddess of the parasol. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 421.

A500--A599.

A500--A599. Demigods and culture heroes.

A500. A500. Demigods and culture heroes. Irish myth: Cross; Hawaii: *Beckwith Myth 60.

A501. A501. Groups of demigods.

A501.1. A501.1. Seven demigods. Siberian and Indo-Iranian: Holmberg Siberian 402ff.

A502. A502. Heroes or demigods as fourth race of men. Greek: Grote I 62.

A504. A504. Male virgin demigod. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1301).

A506. A506. Half-spirit, half-man. Samoa: Beckwith Myth 368.

A510. A510. Origin of the culture hero (demigod).

A510.1. A510.1. Culture hero as god. Irish myth: Cross.

A510.2. A510.2. Culture hero reborn. Irish myth: Cross.

A511. A511. Birth and rearing of culture hero (demigod). Irish myth: Cross.

A511.1. A511.1. Birth of culture hero. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 227.

A511.1.1. A511.1.1. Culture hero snatched from mother‘s side. *Dh I 11.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 1.--S. Am. Indian (Tehuelche): Alexander Lat. Am. 335, (Jivaro): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148f., (Warrau): Mйtraux ibid. 146, (Kaiguа): Mйtraux ibid. 139, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux ibid. 156, (North Peru): Mйtraux ibid. 133, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434.

A511.1.1.1. A511.1.1.1. River flows from corpse of mythical mother of culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 131.

A511.1.2. A511.1.2. Culture hero speaks before birth. Krappe Zeitschrift fьr deutsches Altertum LXXII (1935) 161--171.--African: Werner African 213.

A511.1.2.1. A511.1.2.1. Twin culture heroes quarrel before birth. (Cf. A515.1.1.)--Dh I 11; Jewish: Neuman.

A511.1.2.2. A511.1.2.2. Culture hero in mother’s womb indicates direction to be taken by her. S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132, (Apapacuvo-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 139.

A511.1.3. A511.1.3. Culture hero incarnated through birth from virgin. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 387.

A511.1.3.1. A511.1.3.1. Demigod son of king‘s unmarried sister (daughter) by god. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.1.3.2. A511.1.3.2. Demigod son of king’s unmarried sister by her brother. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.1.3.3. A511.1.3.3. Immaculate conception of culture hero. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 227; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484, (Manasi): Mйtraux ibid. 393.

A511.1.4. A511.1.4. Magic origin of culture hero.

A511.1.4.1. A511.1.4.1. Origin of culture hero from bursting stone. Oceanic (Banks Group, Tonga, Celebes, Union Group, Gilbert Group): Dixon 111.

A511.1.4.2. A511.1.4.2. Hero formed by god out of mother‘s apron. Maori: Beckwith Myth 231.

A511.1.4.3. A511.1.4.3. Birth of culture heroes from human bones swallowed by jaguar’s human wife. S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Levi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 347.

A511.1.4.4. A511.1.4.4. Culture hero creates a companion from a toenail. S. Am. Indian (Yurakare): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144.

A511.1.5. A511.1.5. Culture hero son of mortal (half-mortal) father. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.1.6. A511.1.6. Culture hero posthumous child. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.1.7. A511.1.7. Culture hero born three times. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.1.8. A511.1.8. Culture hero son of animal.

A511.1.8.1. A511.1.8.1. Culture hero son of deer mother. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.1.8.2. A511.1.8.2. Culture hero offspring of woman and jaguar. S. Am. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434, (Bakairi): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 145.

A511.1.8.3. A511.1.8.3. Mythical lizards parents of culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Amuesa): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 149.

A511.1.9. A511.1.9. Culture hero born from egg. S. Am. Indian (Jivaro): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148, (Huamachuco): ibid. 151, (North Peru): Mйtraux ibid. 133.

A511.2. A511.2. Care of culture hero.

A511.2.1. A511.2.1. Abandonment of culture hero at birth. S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 135, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux ibid. 142; Maori: Clark 29.

A511.2.1.1. A511.2.1.1. Abandoned culture hero captured by use of net. S. Am. Indian (Amuesa): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 132.

A511.2.2. A511.2.2. Nursing of culture hero.

A511.2.2.1. A511.2.2.1. Culture hero suckled by wolf. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.2.2.2. A511.2.2.2. Culture hero cared for by tiger. S. Am. Indian (Yurakari): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144.

A511.2.3. A511.2.3. Culture hero is hidden in order to escape enemies. S. Am. Indian (Bakairi): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 145, (Tembй, Kaigua): Mйtraux ibid. 139.

A511.3. A511.3. Education of culture hero.

A511.3.1. A511.3.1. Culture hero reared in seclusion. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.3.2. A511.3.2. Culture hero reared (educated) by extraordinary (supernatural) personages. Irish myth: Cross.

A511.4. A511.4. Growth of culture hero.

A511.4.1. A511.4.1. Miraculous growth of culture hero. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 38, 87, 102; S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 135.

A512. A512. Parentage of culture hero. (Cf. also A511.1.8.).

A512.1. A512.1. Culture hero‘s grandmother. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 16.

A512.2. A512.2. Culture hero creator‘s son. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 328.--S. Am. Indian (Ackawoi) (Orinoco): Alexander Lat. Am. 269, (Guaporй River): Levi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 378, (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 92f.

A512.3. A512.3. Culture hero as son of god. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 94.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 13.

A512.4. A512.4. Sun as father of culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Warrau, Carib): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 123, 145.

A513. A513. Coming of culture hero (demigod).

A513.1. A513.1. Demigods descend from heaven. Irish myth: Cross.--S. Am. Indian (Tapirapй): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 178; Maori: Clark 30.

A513.2. A513.2. Culture hero arrives (and departs) in boat. Norse: Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 262f.; Old English: Beowulf.

A515. A515. Pair of culture heroes. Amazon tribes: Alexander Lat. Am. 311.

A515.1. A515.1. Culture heroes brothers. Araucanian: Alexander Lat. Am. 330; N. Am. Indian: *Thompson Tales 280 n. 35.

A515.1.1. A515.1.1. Twin culture heroes. (Cf. A511.1.2.1.). P. Saintyves “Les Jumeaux dans l‘ethnographie et la mythologie” Revue Anthrop. XXV (1925) 54ff.--Jewish: Neuman; N. Am. Indian (Plains Tribes): Alexander N. Am. 104, 106, (Pima): ibid. 176, (Sia): ibid 204; S. Am. Indian (Jнbaros, Eastern Ecuador): Karsten Myths of the Jнbaros (cf. Boas JAFL XXXII 446), Amazon tribes: Alexander Lat. Am. 311, (Warrau, Carib, Tupinamba, Kaigua, Tembй, Apapocuvб-Guarani, Bakairi, Kaingang, Amuesha, Huamachucho, Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 123, 135f., 138, 145ff., 158--165, (Tenetchara): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 147, (Cashinawa, Guarani, Guarayъ): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 92f., 438, 685, (Toba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 368, (Bakairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 347, (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.--Tonga: Gifford 20.

A515.1.1.1. A515.1.1.1. Twin culture heroes sired by two fathers. S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 92f., RMLP XXXIII 136.

A515.1.1.2. A515.1.1.2. Twin culture heroes--one foolish, one clever. (Cf.A525.) S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 347, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 135, (Chiriguano): ibid 163.

A515.1.1.3. A515.1.1.3. Twin culture heroes conceived of as sun and moon. S. Am. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 150, (Chiriguano): ibid. 158ff.

A515.1.2. A515.1.2. Sworn brothers as culture heroes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A515.2. A515.2. Father and son as culture heroes. Irish myth: Cross.--Amazon tribes: Alexander Lat. Am. 311.

A515.3. A515.3. Culture hero has blood brother. Irish myth: Cross.

A515.4. A515.4. Culture hero has faithful attendant. Irish myth: Cross.

A515.5. A515.5. Culture hero fights with (encounters) son without recognizing him.

A516. A516. Expulsion and return of culture hero.

A520. A520. Nature of the culture hero (demigod).

A520.1. A520.1. Gods as culture heroes. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 16, chap. 2 passim.

A521. A521. Culture hero as dupe or trickster. Celtic: MacCulloch Celtic 30; Irish myth: Cross.--S. Am. Indian (Yunca, Peru): Alexander Lat. Am. 229, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484; N. Am. Indian: *Thompson Tales 294 n. 78; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 20; New Hebrides: Codrington 152--166; African: Werner African 213.

A522. A522. Animal as culture hero.

A522.1. A522.1. Beast as culture hero.

A522.1.1. A522.1.1. Dog as culture hero. Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 82f.

A522.1.1.1. A522.1.1.1. Culture hero acts as watch-dog; named “Hound”. Irish myth: Cross.

A522.1.2. A522.1.2. Rabbit as culture hero. Central Algonquian tribes: Thompson PMLA XXXVII 130ff.

A522.1.3. A522.1.3. Coyote as culture hero. N. Am. Indian: Alexander N. Am. 141ff., 298 n. 48.

A522.1.4. A522.1.4. Fox as culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

A522.1.5. A522.1.5. Mink as culture hero. N. Am. Indian: Boas RBAE XXXI 585.

A522.2. A522.2. Bird as culture hero.

A522.2.1. A522.2.1. Blue Jay as culture hero. N. A. Indian: Boas RBAE XXXI 646 and passim.

A522.2.2. A522.2.2. Raven as culture hero. Krappe “Arturus Cosmocrator” Speculum 1945, 405ff.--Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian: *Boas RBAE XXXI 567ff.

A522.2.3. A522.2.3. Hawk as culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 3, BBAE CXLIII (1) 368.

A522.2.4. A522.2.4. Aquatic bird as culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 3.

A522.3. A522.3. Other animals as culture hero.

A522.3.1. A522.3.1. Spider as culture hero. Dakota: Dorsey JAFL II 134.--African: Werner African 213.

A523. A523. Giant as culture hero. Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 294; Chinese: Werner 305.

A523.1. A523.1. Giant sword of culture hero. Fb. “svжrd” III 691a.; Irish myth: Cross.

A524. A524. Extraordinary possessions of culture hero.

A524.1. A524.1. Culture hero’s extraordinary animals.

A524.1.1. A524.1.1. Culture hero has marvelous dogs. Irish myth: Cross.

A524.1.2. A524.1.2. Culture hero has marvelous horses. Irish myth: Cross.

A524.2. A524.2. Extraordinary weapons of culture hero. Irish myth: Cross.

A525. A525. Good and bad culture heroes. Walapai: Alexander N. Am. 180; S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93; Melanesia: Dixon 122ff.; Polynesia, Micronesia: ibid. 122 n. 1.

A525.1. A525.1. Culture hero fights with his elder brother. Ojibwa: Jones-Michelson PAES VII (1) 19.

A525.2. A525.2. Culture hero (god) slays his grandfather. Irish myth: Cross.

A526. A526. Physical characteristics of culture hero (demigod).

A526.1. A526.1. Culture hero can be wounded. Irish myth: Cross.

A526.2. A526.2. Culture hero as mighty hunter. Irish myth: Cross.

A526.3. A526.3. Culture hero has irresistible beauty spot (ball seirc). Irish myth: Cross.

A526.4. A526.4. Culture hero has three heads of hair of different colors. Irish myth: Cross.

A526.5. A526.5. Culture hero has seven pupils in each eye, seven toes on each foot, seven fingers on each hand. Irish myth: Cross.

A526.5.1. A526.5.1. Culture hero with different colored eyes, one brown, one green. Maori: Clark 30.

A526.6. A526.6. Culture hero, when angry, subject to contortions. Irish myth: Cross.

A526.7. A526.7. Culture hero performs remarkable feats of strength and skill. Irish myth: Cross.

A526.8. A526.8. Culture hero can turn feet and knees backwards. Irish myth: Cross.

A526.9. A526.9. Lightning flashes from armpits of hero. Maori: Beckwith Myth

A527. A527. Special powers of culture hero.

A527.1. A527.1. Culture hero precocious. Irish myth: Cross.

A527.1.1. A527.1.1. Divine twins make selves a bow and arrow. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 143, 156, (Carib): ibid. 147.

A527.2. A527.2. Culture hero has knowledge-giving member (thumb, tooth). Irish myth: Cross.

A527.3. A527.3. Culture hero as magician (drai). Irish myth: Cross.

A527.3.1. A527.3.1. Culture hero can transform self. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A527.3.1.1. A527.3.1.1. Culture hero assumes ugly and deformed guise. S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 168.

A527.4. A527.4. Culture hero as poet (musician). Irish myth: Cross.

A528. A528. Culture hero has supernatural helpers. Irish myth: Cross.

A530. A530. Culture hero establishes law and order. Norse: Boberg; Greek: Fox 103; Jewish: Neuman.

A530.1. A530.1. Culture hero completes work of creator. S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724.

A531. A531. Culture hero (demigod) overcomes monsters. Norse: Boberg; Greek: Grote I 189; Irish myth: Cross, Beal XXI 327; Babylonian: Spence 158; Hindu: Keith 34, 172; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 189; Japanese: Anesaki 303; Persian: Carnoy 287, 293, 300.--American Indian: *Thompson Tales 272 n. 1; *Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 216 (N. Pac. Coast, Chinook, Kathlamet, Shoshone, Maidu, Coos, Alsea, Molala, Kalapuya); and add (Maidu) Dixon PAES IV 59 No. 2, (Joshua) Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 235 No. 18, (Navaho) Alexander N. Am. 165, (Arikara) ibid. 108; Jicarilla Apache: Mooney AA old ser. XI (1898) 204; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XXXX 4, 8, 62, 66f., 73, 77, (Tucuan): Nimuendajб BBAE CXLIII (3) 724, (Huamachuco): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151, (Apapocuvб-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138.

A531.1. A531.1. Culture hero spares certain evil spirits. Old Age, Cold, Poverty, and Hunger beg the culture hero not to destroy them because of their real usefulness to man.--Navaho: Matthews MAFLS V 130ff.

A531.1.1. A531.1.1. Culture hero banishes demons. Irish myth: Cross.--Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 370.

A531.2. A531.2. Culture hero banishes snakes. *Krappe “St. Patrick and the Snakes” Traditio V (1947) 323--330; Irish: Cross, Giraldus Cambrensis Topography of Ireland I 23, Bede Historia Ecclesiastica I 18 (St. Patrick); Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 9, 303 No. 22.

A531.3. A531.3. Culture hero exterminates race of tigers. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148, (Amuesha): ibid. 150, (Apapocuvu-Guarani): ibid. 138.

A531.4. A531.4. Culture hero conquers sea monster. Chinese-Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 190.

A531.4.1. A531.4.1. Demigod conquers great octopus. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22.

A532. A532. Culture hero tames winds in caves. Western Mono: Gifford JAFL XXXVI 326ff. Nos. 9, 10.

A533. A533. Culture hero regulates rivers.

A533.1. A533.1. Culture hero stays current of river. India: Thompson-Balys.

A535. A535. Culture hero swallowed and recovered from animal. Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 302.

A536. A536. Demigods fight as allies of mortals. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A536.1. A536.1. Culture hero (saint) defends Ireland against foreign invasions. Irish myth: Cross.

A537. A537. Culture heroes clear plains. Irish myth: Cross.

A538. A538. Culture hero builds raths. Irish myth: Cross.

A541. A541. Culture hero teaches arts and crafts. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.--American Indian: in practically all the mythologies--see Thompson Tales 272 n. 1; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 456; S. Am. Indian (Maya): Alexander Lat. Am. 131ff., (Bakairi): Alexander Lat. Am. 313, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XXXX 78, 84, 86, 112ff., Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 368, (Guaporй River): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484, (Guarayъ): Mйtraux BBAE (3) 437, (Cubeo): Goldman BBAE CXLIII (3) 789, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115; New Hebrides (Banks Is.): Codrington 152--166.

A541.1. A541.1. Culture hero invents and teaches the Irish language. Irish myth: Cross.

A541.2. A541.2. Culture hero as god of agriculture. Irish myth: Cross.

A545. A545. Culture hero establishes customs. India: Thompson-Balys.--Mixtec: Alexander Lat. Am. 86; S. A. Indian (Bakairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 347, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 79, 367, (Mataco): Mйtraux ibid. 105, 367, (Cubeo): Goldman BBAE CXLIII (3) 798, (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724.

A546. A546. Culture hero establishes social system. Persian: Carnoy 317; India Thompson-Balys.

A547. A547. Culture hero dispenses food and hospitality. Irish myth: Cross.

A560. A560. Culture hero‘s (demigod’s) departure. Irish myth: Cross; Finnish: Kalevala rune 50; India: Thompson-Balys.

A561. A561. Divinity‘s departure for west. American Indian: *Thompson Tales 274 n. 11; S. A. Indian (Inca): Alexander Lat. Am. 240, (Yuracare, W. Brazil): ibid. 315, (Guarayъ): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 437, Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A562. A562. Divinity’s departure for east. S. A. Indian (Tehuelche, Patagonia): Alexander Lat. Am. 336.

A564. A564. Remarkable longevity of culture heroes. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A565. A565. Dying culture hero. The culture hero teaches people how to die by dying himself.--Irish myth: Cross; California Indians: *Thompson Tales 285 n. 52a.

A566. A566. Culture hero returns to upper world. S. Am. Indian (Apapocuvб-Guaranн): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 136ff., (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148f., 157.

A566.1. A566.1. Return of mortal reincarnation of celestial being to the country of the gods after his mission has been accomplished on earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A566.2. A566.2. Culture hero ascends to heaven guided by blind ancestress. Maori: Beckwith Myth 249.

A567. A567. Divinity retires to the end of the world. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A570. A570. Culture hero still lives. Kцhler-Bolte I 411; Irish myth: Cross.

A571. A571. Culture hero asleep in mountain. Kцhler-Bolte I 411.--Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 194 (Arthur); Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 316; Eng., Scot.: Baughman.

A571.1. A571.1. Culture hero still alive in hollow hill. Irish myth: Cross.

A571.2. A571.2. Culture hero still alive on mysterious island. Irish myth: Cross.

A572. A572. Culture hero still keeps watch over earth. S. Am. Indian (Apapocuvб-Guaranн): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138.

A572.1. A572.1. Culture hero still resides in the zenith. S. Am. Indian (Guaranн): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93.

A575. A575. Departed deity grants requests to visitors. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 276 n. 17.

A580. A580. Culture hero’s (divinity‘s) expected return. Divinity or hero is expected to return at the proper time and rescue his people from their misfortunes. Often joined with A571.--*Norlind “Skattsдgner”.--Danish: Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXIX 74; Fb. “Holger Danske”; Norse: Olrik Ragnarцk 108ff., 478 (Balder); Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 194 (Arthur); Eng., Scot.: Baughman; Finnish: Kalevala rune 50.--Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 339.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 274 n. 11a.; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 66.

A581. A581. Culture hero (divinity) returns. Irish myth: Cross.

A581.1. A581.1. Culture hero returns and assists mortals. Irish myth: Cross.

A581.2. A581.2. Culture hero returns and aids followers in battle. Irish myth: Cross.

A581.3. A581.3. Culture hero returns to prove power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

A590. A590. Demigods and culture heroes--miscellaneous.

A591. A591. Semi-divine hero granted free access to men’s wives. India: Thompson-Balys.

A592. A592. Culture heroes and descendants.

A592.1. A592.1. Demigod and witch woman of upper world have son. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/249).

A592.2. A592.2. Virgin daughter of culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 168.

A592.2.1. A592.2.1. Daughter of culture hero gives birth to boy. S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169.

A600--A899.

A600--A899. COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY

A600--A699.

A600--A699. The universe.

A600--A649.

A600--A649. CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE

A600. A600. Creation of the universe. In addition to other references in this section A600--A649, see: *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s. v. “Creation”; *Lang Myth. 163ff.; Henne am-Rhyn Das Jenseits: Kulturgeschichtliche Darstellung ьber Schцpfung, etc. (1881); Schlieper Die kosmogonischen Mythen der Urvцlker (Bonn 1932, diss.); *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 274--284; Feilberg Skabelses og Syndflodssagn (1915).--Norse: Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 327ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 275; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 406.--Cherokee: Mooney Am. Urquell II 85ff.; Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 160f.; Maya: ibid. 152ff.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43ff.; Tahiti: Henry 336ff.

A601. A601. Universe created in specified time and order. Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.

A601.1. A601.1. Universe created in five periods of time. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 44.

A601.2. A601.2. Universe created in six days. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.

A605. A605. Primeval chaos. *Sayce Encyc. Religion and Ethics III 363 s. v. “Chaos”.--Greek: Roscher I 871 s. v. “Chaos”; Icel.: De la Saussaye 340f.; Jewish: Neuman; Egyptian: Mьller 47; Babylonian: Spence 71; Japanese: Anesaki 222.--Pima: Alexander N. Am. 177; Mixtec: Alexander Lat. Am. 86; Marquesas Is.: Dixon 10 n. 13; Maori: ibid. 6ff.; Nias Is.: ibid. 167; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 42; Tahiti: Henry 336, 340.

A605.1. A605.1. Primeval darkness. S. Am. Indian (Guaranн): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 312; Africa (Luba): Donohugh Africa V 180.

A605.2. A605.2. Primeval cold. Icel.: Boberg.

A610. A610. Creation of universe by creator. The creator is existing before all things.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Oldenberg Religion des Veda 278; Chinese: Werner 76, 90.--Mexican: Alexander Lat. Am. 85; Guiana: ibid. 256ff.,--Society Is.: Dixon 11 n. 18, 12 n. 19; Marquesas Is.: ibid. 11 n. 14; Maori: ibid. 11 n. 16, 17, 13 n. 20; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 42; Australian: Goldenweiser Early Civilization 105.--Uganda: ibid. 97.

A610.1. A610.1. All things created in pairs (heaven and earth, etc.). Jewish: Neuman.

A610.2. A610.2. Creation of heaven, earth, and hell. Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 42.

A611. A611. Fiat creation. Universe is created at command of creator.--Irish myth: Cross; Hebrew: Genesis ch. 1; Jewish: Neuman.--Pelew Group, Western Caroline Is., Central Caroline Is., Gilbert Group: Dixon 248; Mono-Alu (Fauru): Wheeler 66; Tahiti: Henry 338.

A611.0.1. A611.0.1. Creator uses particular formula (letters) to create universe. Jewish: Neuman.

A611.1. A611.1. Druids as creators. Irish myth: Cross.

A612. A612. Creation: materialization of creator‘s thinking. Creator “thinks outward in space” and thus produces the universe.--*Dh I 10f., 15, 17ff., 58, 113; Jewish: Neuman.--Zuсi: Cushing RBAE XIII 379ff.; Thompson Tales 280 n. 36.

A612.1. A612.1. World-soul. The universe a manifestation of the creator.--Society Is.: Dixon 12 n. 19.

A613. A613. Creation from creator’s tears. Dh I 31f.

A614. A614. Universe from parts of creator‘s body. Ymir makes the world from his members--mountains from bones, cliffs from teeth, heavens from skull, etc.--Norse: Dh I 111 n. 1; Lang Myth I 234 ff.--Mexican: Danzel Kultur und Religion des primitiven Menschen 60; Kalmuck, Chinese, Hindu: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 372; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 96 No. 55.

A614.1. A614.1. Universe from parts of man‘s body. (Cf. A831.2)--Kabyle: Frobenius Atlantis I 101; Madagascar: Dandonau Contes pop. de Sakalava No. 58; Papuan: Landtmann The Kiwai Papuans 551; Sumatra: Pleyte Bataksche Vertellingen 68.

A615. A615. Universe as offspring of creator. The Sky Father begets various parts of the universe by his various wives.--Maori: Dixon 8 n. 9.

A615.1. A615.1. Universe from creator’s masturbation with water, with stone, and with earth. (Cf. A1216.1). Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 314.

A615.2. A615.2. Universe from copulation of various objects to produce others. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 320f.

A617. A617. Creation of universe from clam-shell on primeval water by creator.--Nauru (Pleasant Island): Dixon 249; Tahiti: Henry 337.

A617.1. A617.1. Creation of universe from clay pot set afloat on primeval waters. India: Thompson-Balys.

A617.2. A617.2. Creation of universe from calabash. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 304f.

A618. A618. Universe created by various activities of creator.

A618.1. A618.1. Universe coughed into being. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 67.

A618.2. A618.2. Universe created by spitting. Melanesia: Wheeler 66.

A620. A620. Spontaneous creation of universe. Greek: *Grote I 4.--Maori: Dixon 6ff.; Marquesas Is.: ibid. 10 n. 13; Tahiti: Henry 343.

A620.1. A620.1. Spontaneous creation--evolutionary type. From primeval chaos gradually arise worlds and life.--Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 327ff.; Greek: Fox 3f.; Hawaiian: Dixon 15 n. 25, 26, Beckwith Myth 3; Maori: ibid. 6, 7, nn. 2, 3, 4, 5; Marquesas Is.: ibid. 11 n. 14.

A620.2. A620.2. Spontaneous encroachment of heavens and earth checked by creator. Jewish: Neuman.

A621. A621. Universe from congealed vapor. Kachin (North Burma): Scott Indo-Chinese 263; Chinese: Werner 136.

A621.1. A621.1. Creation from vapor-produced primeval giant. Vapors from half-frozen primeval river origin of giant Ymir, from whom universe is created.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 327ff.

A622. A622. Universe created out of fire world. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 279, 324, 326.

A623. A623. Universe created out of ice and mist. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 324--26, 304, 329, Herrmann Saxo II 584.

A625. A625. World parents: sky-father and earth-mother as parents of the universe. The sky-father descends upon the earth-mother and begets the world.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 2 n. 1, Fox 5, 272; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 194, 328; Hindu: Keith 16; India: Thompson-Balys.--Eastern Indonesia: Dixon 166; Chatham Is.: ibid. 10 n. 12; Cook and Hervey Is.: ibid. 14 n. 21; Maori: ibid. 7 n. 3, 8 n. 7, 9 n. 10, 31; Tahiti: Henry 337f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 280 n. 37; S. Am. Indian (Cora): Alexander Lat. Am. 121, (Antilles): ibid. 24; African: Werner African 124.

A625.1. A625.1. Heaven-mother--earth-father. Kachin (North Burma): Scott Indo-Chinese 263.

A625.2. A625.2. Raising of the sky. Originally the sky is near the earth (usually because of the conjunction of the sky-father and earth-mother). It is raised to its present place.--Gaster Oldest Stories 133; Egyptian: Mьller 30; Babylonian: Spence 81, 114; Mongolian: Holmberg Siberian 330; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 97.--Indonesian: Dixon 36, 178 nn. 124--133, (Rotti) Jonker Rottineesche Texten No. 58; Pleasant Island (Micronesia): Dixon 250; Central and Western Polynesia, Hawaii, Samoa: ibid. 50f.; Maori: ibid. 31; Chatham Is., Cook Group, Society Is., Samoa, Union Group, Hawaii: ibid. 35; Maori: Clark 13, 15, 171; Philippine: Gifford 23; Tonga: Gifford 18, 23.--N. A. Indian (Mohave): Alexander N. Am. 179; S. Am. Indian (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 93, (Bakairi): ibid. 313, Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 348, (Botocudo): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 540, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Yuracare): Mйtraux ibid. 504.--African: Frobenius Atlantis VII 304.

A625.2.1. A625.2.1. Heaven and earth originally connected by navel string. Navel string cut.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A625.2.2. A625.2.2. Why the sky receded upward: it was struck by a woman‘s pestle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A625.2.3. A625.2.3. Raising the sky: striking with broom. Old woman’s hump strikes clouds as she sweeps. She strikes at sky with broom and thus raises it.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A625.2.4. A625.2.4. Deity clothes his father the sky after he has separated him from earth. Maori: Clark 16.

A625.2.5. A625.2.5. After sky is lifted, plants and shrubs begin to grow. Maori: Clark 15.

A630. A630. Series of creations. The present universe is the last of a succession of creations.--Etruscan: Fox 289.--Navaho: Alexander N. Am. 159ff.; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 91.

A631. A631. Pre-existing world of gods above. Such a world is assumed before the real creation of the universe. Though this belief is not explicitly set forth in many mythologies, it seems to be implied in most of the North American Indian systems. See, for example, motif A31, Creator‘s grandmother.--Jewish: *Neuman.--Samoa: Dixon 18f.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.

A632. A632. Succession of creations and cataclysms. From the ruins of each earlier creation a new one is raised.--Jewish: Neuman.--Inca: Alexander Lat. Am. 240; Hawaiian: Dixon 15 n. 24.

A633. A633. Earlier universe opposite of present. Everything in the earlier world was the reverse of the present world. Cf. A855.--California tribes (Capistrano, Luiseсo, Diegueсo, Mohave): Waterman AA n. s. XI 52.

A636. A636. New creation shouted away. It is unstable and therefore unsatisfactory.--American Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 224, (California): Gayton and Newman 56.

A640. A640. Other means of creating the universe.

A641. A641. Cosmic egg. The universe brought forth from an egg.--Lang Myth. I 252; Dh I 19.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 1; Esthonian: Eisen Estnische Mythologie 170, Loorits Grundzьge I 447f.; Hindu: Keith 74; Society Is., Hawaiian, Maori: Dixon 20; Hawaii: Henry 345.--African: Frobenius Atlantis X 119.

A641.1. A641.1. Heaven and earth from egg. They are the two halves of an egg shell. Eros escapes as they are separated.--Greek: Fox 5.--Indonesian: L. d. Backer L’Archipel indien 232.

A641.2. A641.2. Creation from duck‘s eggs. Upper vault from half shell, lower vault from half shell, moonbeams from whites, sunshine from yellows, starlight from motley parts, clouds from dark parts.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 1.

A642. A642. Universe from body of slain giant. Ymir. See A621.1.--Icel.: *De la Saussaye 341.

A642.1. A642.1. Primeval woman cut in pieces: houses, etc., made from her body. India: Thompson-Balys.

A644. A644. Universe from pre-existing rocks. Originally rocks are assumed and everything is made from them.--Samoa: Dixon 17.

A645. A645. Creation of universe: genealogical type. A begets B, who begets C, etc. Finally the universe is brought forth in its present form.--Nias Is. (Indonesia): Dixon 166.

A647. A647. Universe from cosmic fowl. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 217ff.

A650--A699.

A650--A699. NATURE OF THE UNIVERSE

A650. A650. The universe as a whole.

A651. A651. Hierarchy of worlds. A series of worlds, one above the other.--Irish myth: Cross; Egyptian: Mьller 366 n. 7; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 307, 309f., 410; Hindu: Keith 15, 134, 228; India: *Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 287 n. 58, Alexander N. Am. 7, 60, 105, 136, 263, *275 n. 11 (Eskimo, Cherokee, Mandan, Kiowa, Thompson River, Bella Coola); Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 52f.; Maya: ibid. 140; Amazon: ibid. 307; Bororo: ibid. 296; S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 24, Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Witoto): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25; Chuckchee: Bogoras AA n. s. IV 590; Maori: Dixon 59.--Cf. Icel.: De la Saussaye 346 n. 4.

A651.0.1. A651.0.1. Nine worlds. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 974.

A651.0.2. A651.0.2. Four world systems. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 117, 1033.

A651.1. A651.1. Series of upper worlds. Japanese: Holmberg Siberian 344.

A651.1.0.1. A651.1.0.1. Highest of celestial worlds consists of twenty heavens. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 336.

A651.1.1. A651.1.1. Three heavens. Icel.: Snorra Edda Gylf XVII, Boberg.--Hawaii: Thrum 15, Beckwith Myth 42, 74; Maori: Clark 163ff.; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25.

A651.1.1.1. A651.1.1.1. Third sky above prevents earth being burned by sun. S. Am. Indian (Witoto): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25.

A651.1.1.2. A651.1.1.2. Region above the three worlds. Hindu: Penzer II 242.

A651.1.2. A651.1.2. Four heavens. Irish myth: Cross (A651.1.6.).--S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25.

A651.1.3. A651.1.3. Five heavens. S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25, BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.

A651.1.4. A651.1.4. Seven heavens. A series of seven upper worlds.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer VII 246; Mohammedan: Hartland Science 224; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 400f.--Sumatra: Dixon 160.

A651.1.5. A651.1.5. Eight heavens. Samoa: Beckwith Myth 210.

A651.1.6. A651.1.6. Nine heavens. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 400f.--Fiji: Beckwith Myth 150; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 77.

A651.1.6.1. A651.1.6.1. The nine ranks (orders) of heaven. Irish myth: Cross (A651.1.2.1.).

A651.1.7. A651.1.7. Ten heavens. Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 186; Tonga: Gifford 18; Tahiti: Henry 164, 343.

A651.1.8. A651.1.8. Series of upper worlds--miscellaneous. Jewish: *Neuman.

A651.1.8.1. A651.1.8.1. Seventeen-storied heaven. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 405.

A651.2. A651.2. Series of lower worlds. Irish myth: Cross.

A651.2.0.1. A651.2.0.1. Creator lives in lowest sky beneath us. S. Am. Indian (Witoto): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25.

A651.2.1. A651.2.1. Two lower worlds. S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25, BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.

A651.2.2. A651.2.2. Three lower worlds. Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 77.--S. Am. Indian (Witoto): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25.

A651.2.3. A651.2.3. Seven lower worlds. Hindu: Penzer IV 21 n. 1, VIII 162 n. 1.

A651.3. A651.3. Worlds above and below.

A651.3.1. A651.3.1. Seven worlds above and below. An angel upholds the seven worlds on his shoulders. Under him in turn are: rock, bull, fish, vast sea, air, fire, and serpent.--*Chauvin VII 58 No. 77 n. 1.

A651.3.2. A651.3.2. Worlds above and below--miscellaneous. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 42; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25.

A652. A652. World-tree. Tree extending from lowest to highest world. (Cf. A878.)--**Holmberg Baum des Lebens.--Irish myth: Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 331ff., De la Saussaye 346ff.; Hagen MPh I (1903--4) 57; **Olrik Danske Studier, 1917, 49ff.; Babylonian: Spence 138; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 286 n. 56a.

A652.1. A652.1. Tree to heaven. Lithuanian and Lettish: Gray 325; Finnish: Kalevala rune 2; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Alexander N. Am. 294f. n. 42; Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 140; S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 24f.

A652.1.1. A652.1.1. Tree to heaven from goddess’ necklace which she hangs on branch. India: Thompson-Balys.

A652.2. A652.2. Tree hanging from sky. A tree hangs upside down in the sky. By its branches men pass back and forth to the upper world.--Indonesian and Micronesian: Dixon 38 (n. 113, 114), 249.

A652.3. A652.3. Tree in upper world. Iroquois: Alexander N. Am. 35.

A652.4. A652.4. Sky as overshadowing tree. Shadowing the earth.--Egyptian: Mьller 35.

A653. A653. Earth under umbrella. Hindu: Penzer II 125 n. 3.

A654. A654. Primary elements of universe. (Earth, air, fire, water, etc.).--Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Werner 84. Cf. the early Greek philosophers.

A655. A655. World as egg. The two halves are heaven and earth.--Hindu: Penzer I 10 n. 3; Greek: Fox 5.

A657. A657. River connecting earth and upper and lower worlds. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 304, 313; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian.

A657.1. A657.1. Bridge connecting earth and heaven. Icel.: Boberg.

A657.2. A657.2. Heaven and earth touch each other at east, west, and south. Jewish: Neuman.

A658. A658. Size and distances of the universe.

A658.1. A658.1. Nine days‘ fall from heaven to earth; the same from earth to hell.--Frazer Apollodorus I 4 n. 2.

A658.1.1. A658.1.1. Nine nights’ riding from heaven (or earth) to hell. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 304.

A658.2. A658.2. Five hundred years travel across universe. Jewish: Neuman.

A659. A659. The universe as a whole--miscellaneous. Jewish: Neuman.

A659.1. A659.1. Music of the spheres. Jewish: Neuman. (The general philosophical theory of the music of the spheres is not treated here).

A659.2. A659.2. Big lake under the earth. S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25.

A659.3. A659.3. River‘s source where sky and earth meet. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 24.

A659.4. A659.4. Each world corresponds to different color. S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.

A660. A660. Nature of the upper world.

A661. A661. Heaven. A blissful upper world.--Kohler Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion (New York 1923); Jeremias Hцlle und Paradies bei den Babyloniern (Leipzig 1903); Gaster Thespis 286; Irish myth: Cross, Beal XXI 330; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 312; German: Grimm Nos. 3, 35, 81, 82, 112, 167, 175, 178; Egyptian: Mьller 176; Persian: Carnoy 345; Hindu: Keith 99, 131, 201.--Japanese: Anesaki 237, 241.--Haida: Alexander N. Am. 263; Eskimo: ibid. 7; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 81; Maya: ibid. 138, 140; Isthmian tribes (Panama): ibid. 193.

A661.0.1. A661.0.1. Gate of heaven.

A661.0.1.1. A661.0.1.1. Gate of heaven guarded by clap of thunder and mysterious sword. Chinese: Werner.

A661.0.1.1.1. A661.0.1.1.1. Doors of heaven guarded by rivers of fire. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.1.1.2. A661.0.1.1.2. Veils of fire and ice before chief door of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.1.2. A661.0.1.2. Saint Peter as porter of heaven. *Types 800, 801, 804; *Kцhler Aufsдtze 48; *Fb. “Sankt Peder”.--Irish: Beal XXI 329; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “Antoine” (St. Anthony); French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 25; U.S.A.: *Baughman.

A661.0.1.3. A661.0.1.3. Archangels Michael and Ariel as porters of two of the doors of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.1.4. A661.0.1.4. Abersetus as guardian of river of fire at one of the doors of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.1.5. A661.0.1.5. Virgins with iron rods as guardians of two of the doors in heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.2. A661.0.2. Music in heaven. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

A661.0.2.1. A661.0.2.1. Heavenly music caused by four columns under Lord’s chair. Irish myth: Cross. (Cf. A661.0.3.).

A661.0.2.2. A661.0.2.2. Music produced by precious stones in heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.3. A661.0.3. Chairs in heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.4. A661.0.4. Cleansing fountain in heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.5. A661.0.5. Bridge of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.5.1. A661.0.5.1. Soul-bridge: easy for righteous to cross, more difficult for others. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.6. A661.0.6. Windows in heaven: sixty-six (seventy-two) windows in the firmament. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.7. A661.0.7. Self-illuminating precious stones in heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.8. A661.0.8. Sweet odor in heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.9. A661.0.9. Heaven surrounded by seven walls. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.0.10. A661.0.10. Land of the saints surrounded by fiery circle. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.1. A661.1. Valhalla. The hall of warriors who go to Odin. They die and are resurrected daily.--**Neckel Walhall (Dortmund, 1913); M. Olsen Acta Philol. Scand. VI 151f.; MacCulloch Eddic 312; Irish myth: Cross.

A661.1.0.1. A661.1.0.1. Valhalla has five hundred and forty doors. Icel.: Boberg.

A661.1.0.2. A661.1.0.2. Goat (Heidr ъ n) in Valhalla gives mead. Icel.: Boberg.

A661.1.0.3. A661.1.0.3. Hog (Soehr н mnir) in Valhalla gives meat. Icel.: Boberg.

A661.1.0.4. A661.1.0.4. Deer (Eikthyrnir) in Valhalla fills the fountain Hvergelmir. Icel.: Boberg.

A661.1.0.5. A661.1.0.5. Cock in Valhalla awakens the gods. Icel: Boberg.

A661.1.1. A661.1.1. Inhabitants of heaven divided into companies. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.1.2. A661.1.2. Saint sees vision of three cities in heaven: a city of gold, a city of silver, a city of glass. Irish myth: Cross.

A661.2. A661.2. The eight paradises. Hindu: Penzer VII 246.

A661.3. A661.3. Five trees of paradise. Hindu: Penzer VIII 248 n.

A661.4. A661.4. Girls dancing in heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

A662. A662. Upper world (heaven) as a mountain. The sky is the hollowed under side of the mountain.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 341ff.

A663. A663. The plains of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A665. A665. Support of the sky.

A665.0.1. A665.0.1. God stabilizes the sky. Tahiti: Henry 180.

A665.1. A665.1. God of space upholds sky. Egyptian: Mьller 44.

A665.2. A665.2. Pillar supporting sky. *Holmberg Baum des Lebens 12ff.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 333ff.; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 334ff.

A665.2.0.1. A665.2.0.1. Pillars supporting sky. Tahiti: Henry 342; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XII (266), (Cape York): Rasmussen III 169, (Greenland): Rink 440.

A665.2.1. A665.2.1. Four sky-columns. Four columns support the sky.--Cook Zeus II 140ff.; Frobenius Erdteile VI 165ff.--Egyptian: Mьller 35.

A665.2.1.1. A665.2.1.1. Four gods at world-quarters support the sky. India: Thompson-Balys.--Aztec: Krickeberg Mдrchen der Azteken 208, 316.

A665.2.1.2. A665.2.1.2. Four dwarfs support the sky. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 264--65.

A665.2.1.3. A665.2.1.3. Sky extended by means of pillars. Tahiti: Henry 342.

A665.3. A665.3. Mountain supports sky. India: Thompson-Balys; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 341ff.

A665.3.1. A665.3.1. Four mountains support sky. Patch PMLA XXXIII 618 n. 61.

A665.4. A665.4. Tree supports sky. (Cf. A652.1.).

A665.5. A665.5. Sky held against earth by great octopus. Tahiti: Henry 338.

A665.6. A665.6. Serpent supports sky. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A666. A666. Ladder to heaven (applied to saint). Irish myth: Cross.

A666.1. A666.1. Eight (symbolical) steps of the ladder of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A666.2. A666.2. Rodent gnaws away ladder to other world and thus ghosts remain on earth. S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg Mato Grosso 109.

A667. A667. Language of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

A669. A669. Nature of the upper world--miscellaneous.

A669.1. A669.1. Judges in the upper world. Gaster Thespis 186; Icel.: Boberg.

A669.2. A669.2. Sky of solid substance. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 164.

A670. A670. Nature of the lower world.

A671. A671. Hell. Lower world of torment.--Jeremias Hцlle und Paradies bei den Babyloniern (Leipzig 1903); Kohler Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion (New York 1923); *Landau Hцlle und Fegfeuer in Volksglaube, Dichtung, und Kirchenlehre (Heidelberg, 1909); *Jataka Index s.v. “hell”.--Norse: De la Saussaye 256, 291, MacCulloch Eddic 303, Herrmann Saxo Gr. II 588, *Boberg; Greek: Fox 143; Egyptian: Mьller 179; Babylonian: Spence 128; Persian: Carnoy 345; Hindu: Penzer X 169 s. v. “Hades”, Keith 100, 160; India: Thompson-Balys.--Japanese: Anesaki 237.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 80; Maya: ibid. 138; Chaco: ibid. 324; Chibcha: ibid. 198; Eskimo: Alexander N. Am. 7.

A671.0.1. A671.0.1. Hell located to the north. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319.

A671.0.1.1. A671.0.1.1. Other locations for hell. Jewish: Neuman.

A671.0.2. A671.0.2. Creation of hell. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 2, 5, 7; Jewish: Neuman.

A671.0.2.1. A671.0.2.1. Fire in hell. Christ created fire in hell from his blood; formerly hell was cold. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 26.

A671.0.3. A671.0.3. Entrance to cave as gate to hell. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman. (Cf. A671.5.).

A671.0.4. A671.0.4. Hell confused with fairy land. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.0.5. A671.0.5. Size and arrangements of hell. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 786.

A671.1. A671.1. Doorkeeper of hell. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “Chabert”.

A671.2. A671.2. Horrible sights in hell. Irish myth: Cross; Gaster Thespis 187f.

A671.2.1. A671.2.1. Serpents in hell. Wimberly Folklore in Ballads 424; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 321, 332, Boberg; Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.1.1. A671.2.1.1. Adders in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.2. A671.2.2. Rivers of blood in hell. Wimberly Folklore in Ballads 128.

A671.2.2.1. A671.2.2.1. Rivers of poison in hell. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319f.; Jewish: Neuman.

A671.2.2.2. A671.2.2.2. River in hell filled with weapons. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 320, 321.

A671.2.2.3. A671.2.2.3. Rivers of fire in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.2.4. A671.2.2.4. Rivers of black water in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.2.5. A671.2.2.5. Four (three) rivers in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.2.6. A671.2.2.6. Other rivers in hell. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman (A671.2.29).

A671.2.3. A671.2.3. Tree in hell made of living heads of the dead. Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 171.

A671.2.4. A671.2.4. The fires of hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.1. A671.2.4.1. Sea of fire in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.2. A671.2.4.2. Islands in sea of fire in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.3. A671.2.4.3. Fiery showers in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.4. A671.2.4.4. Burning plains in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.5. A671.2.4.5. Fiery glens in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.6. A671.2.4.6. Fiery wheels in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.7. A671.2.4.7. Fiery chains in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.8. A671.2.4.8. Fiery sticks in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.9. A671.2.4.9. Fiery stones in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.10. A671.2.4.10. Fiery nails in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.11. A671.2.4.11. Fiery columns in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.12. A671.2.4.12. Swift, flaming winds in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.4.13. A671.2.4.13. Four fires in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.5. A671.2.5. Dragons in hell. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 332 (Nidhogg).

A671.2.6. A671.2.6. Wolf in hell. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319.

A671.2.7. A671.2.7. Gnats in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.8. A671.2.8. Toads in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.9. A671.2.9. Scorpions in hell. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A671.2.10. A671.2.10. Griffins in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.11. A671.2.11. Birds made of iron in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.12. A671.2.12. Lions in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.13. A671.2.13. Scratching cats in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.2.14. A671.2.14. Tigers in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.3. A671.3. Frigidity of hell. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 786.

A671.3.1. A671.3.1. Coldness in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.3.2. A671.3.2. Rugged, icy mountains in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.3.3. A671.3.3. Alternate heat and cold in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A671.4. A671.4. Well in hell (Hvergelmir). Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 324, 332.

A671.5. A671.5. Gate around hell. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 130, Boberg.

A671.6. A671.6. Beings born in hell have long bodies and cling with long nails to walls. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 786.

A672. A672. Stygian river. River in lower world. In Greek myth five such rivers in Hades, Styx (hate), Acheron (mourning), Kokytus (lamentation), Lethe (forgetfulness) and Pyrephlegethon (flame).--Gaster Oldest Stories 50; Greek: Fox 143; Norse: De la Saussaye 350, MacCulloch Eddic 330, Boberg.--Chibcha: Alexander Lat. Am. 198; India: Thompson-Balys.

A672.1. A672.1. Ferryman on river in lower world (Charon). Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 142; Egyptian: Mьller 176; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 45; Babylonian: Jensen Gilgamesch-Epos X, XI, 46ff., cf. 136ff.

A672.1.1. A672.1.1. Charon exacts fee to ferry souls across Styx. Greek: Fox 142; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

A672.2. A672.2. Maiden at the bridge to hell. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 130, 304.

A673. A673. Hound of hell. Cerberus (monstrous dog) guards the bridge to the lower world.--*Encyc. Rel. Ethics I 493a; *Fb “hund” III 678b.--Gaster Thespis 214; Greek: Fox 88; Frazer Apollodorus I 232 n. 1; Norse: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 599ff., MacCulloch Eddic 303f.; Persian and Hindu: Keith 69.--Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 326, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 165.

A673.1. A673.1. Dogs in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A673.2. A673.2. Cock of hell. Icel.: Boberg.

A675. A675. Judges in the lower world. Greek: Fox 143.--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 206 No. 155; Japanese: Anesaki 238.

A676. A676. Ship of hell. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 340, 343.

A677. A677. Workmen and tradesmen of hell.

A677.1. A677.1. Smith of hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A677.2. A677.2. Miller of hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A678. A678. In other world one room contains the dead, another contains souls of the unborn waiting to enter the wombs of women, and a third contains all the evil spirits. India: Thompson-Balys.

A681. A681. Sun in the underworld. S. Am. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 550.

A682. A682. Hole to lower world up which people come. S. Am. Indian (Terino): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367.

A689. A689. Nature of the lower world--miscellaneous.

A689.1. A689.1. Dark puddles in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A689.2. A689.2. Foul odor in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

A689.3. A689.3. Hunger in hell. Irish myth: Cross. (A679.4.).

A689.3.1. A689.3.1. Dogs incited to devour souls in hell. Irish myth: Cross (A679.4.1).

A690. A690. Miscellaneous worlds. Irish myth: Cross.

A692. A692. Islands of the blest. Irish myth: Cross.--Greek: Fox 147, Grote I 62, Gьntert Kalypso 81; Gaster Oldest Stories 50.--Oceanic: Kruyt Het Animisme 368ff.; Landman Kiwai Papuans 12; Lйvy-Bruhl L’вme primitive 382ff.

A692.1. A692.1. Overseas otherworld in the west. Irish myth: Cross; S. Am. Indian (Guarayъ): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A693. A693. Intermediate future world. Residence for those whose good and evil deeds exactly counterbalance.--Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 344.

A694. A694. Christian paradise. Irish myth: Cross.

A694.1. A694.1. Christian paradise (Terra Repromissionis) corresponding to pagan Celtic otherworld (Ireland). Irish myth: Cross.

A695. A695. Moon as next world. (Cf. A750.) Hindu: Keith 101.

A696. A696. World of serpents. Hindu: Keith 154.

A697. A697. Various Buddhist otherworlds.

A697.1. A697.1. Brahma world. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 796.

A697.2. A697.2. Tusita world. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1034.

A697.2.1. A697.2.1. Years are days in Tusita world. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1033.

A697.3. A697.3. Deva world. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 861, II 892, 909.

A700--A799.

A700--A799. The heavens.

A700. A700. Creation of the heavenly bodies. Irish myth: Cross; Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 108; Navaho: ibid. 163; Persian: Carnoy 276; Babylonian: Spence 115.

A700.1. A700.1. Heavenly bodies from objects thrown into sky. The Christ Child throws mud pies into the sky and creates sun, moon, and stars.--*Dh II 78ff.; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325--26.

A700.2. A700.2. Heavenly bodies vomited up by creator. Bushongo: Werner African 144.

A700.3. A700.3. A woman has four children: sun, moon, fire, and water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A700.4. A700.4. Heavenly bodies created after the plant world. Jewish: Neuman.

A700.5. A700.5. Sun, moon, and stars forged by smith. African (Togo): Einstein 14f.

A700.6. A700.6. Sun and moon purchased. African (Togo): Einstein 9f.

A700.7. A700.7. Sun, moon, and stars nourished on fire. African (Fang): Einstein 33.

A700.8. A700.8. Sun, moon, and darkness as god’s three children. African (Kamerun): Mansfield 234.

A701. A701. Creation of the sky. Babylonian: Spence 79; Hebrew: Genesis, ch. 1; Jewish: Neuman; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 384; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A701.0.1. A701.0.1. Creation of firmament. Jewish: Neuman.

A701.1. A701.1. Origin of sky from egg brought from primeval water.--Borneo: Dixon 165; Tahiti: Henry 339.

A701.2. A701.2. Origin of sky from Ymir‘s skull. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325--26.

A702. A702. Nature of the sky. Chinese: Graham.

A702.1. A702.1. Sky of water. The sky consists of water.--*Eisler Weltenmantel und Himmelszelt 204ff.--Egyptian: Mьller 34f.

A702.2. A702.2. Sky as solid vault (tent). Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 336; Hatt Asiatic Influences 63; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153.--African: Werner African 130.--Cf. Isaiah, ch 40.

A702.3. A702.3. Sky supported by north star (“nail of the north”) around which it revolves. (Cf. A665, A774.)--Gaster Thespis 170; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 335; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 386.--Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 221.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 337.

A702.3.1. A702.3.1. Celestial bodies attached to a wheel in heaven around which they move. Jewish: Neuman.

A702.4. A702.4. Why the sky is blue. India: Thompson-Balys.

A702.5. A702.5. Marriage of earth and sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

A702.6. A702.6. Sky measured by bird. Chinese: Graham.

A702.7. A702.7. Clouds as props of the sky. Maori: Clark 18.

A702.8. A702.8. Sky is black because once raised by means of dirty stick. Tonga: Gifford 23.

A702.9. A702.9. Sky immortal, changing skin like a snake. S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 348.

A703. A703. Angels arrange course of heavenly bodies. Jewish: Neuman.

A705. A705. Origin and nature of clouds.

A705.1. A705.1. Origin of clouds. India: Thompson-Balys; Icel.: Boberg.

A705.1.1. A705.1.1. Creator makes clouds from own vitals. Tahiti: Henry 339.

A705.1.2. A705.1.2. Clouds as tapa beaten out by woman in moon. Samoa: Clark 120.

A705.2. A705.2. Nature of clouds (covered with skin). (Cf. A702.9.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A710--A739.

A710--A739. THE SUN

A710. A710. Creation of the sun. *Rьhle Sonne und Mond im primitiven Mythus (Tьbingen, 1925).--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.--Indonesian: Dixon 177; Australian: ibid. 275; Navaho: Alexander N. Am. 166ff.; Hopi: ibid. 205; Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 254f.; Sinkyone: Kroeber JAFL XXXII 346f.; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 205.--Inca: Alexander Lat. Am. 240; Africa (Luba): Donohugh Africa V 180.

A711. A711. Sun as man who left earth. Man, usually of supernatural birth, ascends to the sky and becomes the sun.--India: Thompson-Balys; Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 45; Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 97 No. 18; Ekoi: Talbot 357, 359; British New Guinea: Dixon 113; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-g 3/191); S. Am. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434, (Guarayъ): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147, (Kaigua): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138ff., (Manasi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 393, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 122, 158--165, (Guaporй River): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379.

A711.1. A711.1. Sun and moon as uncle and nephew who ascended to the sky. Tunja (Colombia): Alexander Lat. Am. 200.

A711.2. A711.2. Sun as a cannibal. India: Thompson-Balys; Crow: Lowie PaAM XV 157.

A711.3. A711.3. Originally a moon but no sun. Africa (Luba): Donohugh Africa V 180.

A711.4. A711.4. Originally no sun. Africa (Bushongo): Torday 247.

A712. A712. Sun as fire rekindled every morning. Australian: Dixon 274f.

A712.1. A712.1. Moon from light, sun from fire. Jewish: Neuman.

A713. A713. Sun and moon from cave. Haiti: Alexander Lat. Am. 28.

A713.1. A713.1. Sun and moon from belly of a fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

A714. A714. Sun from object thrown into sky. Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 54; Pelew Is. (Micronesia): Dixon 253; Cook Group: ibid. 37; Admiralty Is., Woodlark Is.: ibid 112; Australian: ibid 275.

A714.1. A714.1. Sun and moon placed for eyes in the sky. Maori, Society Is., Samoa, Cook Group: Dixon 37.

A714.2. A714.2. Sun and moon placed in top of tree. Hero makes the sun and moon and fastens them to the top of the “World Tree” (cf. A652), but they give no light at first.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 49, cf. FFC LXXII 108.

A714.3. A714.3. Sun from fire flung into sky. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 421.

A714.4. A714.4. Sun and moon metal mirrors in sky. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 419; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A714.5. A714.5. Sun as grindstone full of fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

A714.6. A714.6. Sun and moon as spangle which falls from creator’s forehead into his own urine. India: Thompson-Balys.

A714.7. A714.7. Sun and moon as eyes of Rama which he tore out after his brother‘s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

A714.8. A714.8. Wooden circles that were the sun and moon animated after human sacrifice of blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

A715. A715. Sun born of first couple. Gilbert Is.: Dixon 254; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 254; S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba, Tembй, Apapocuva): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 123, (Jivaro): Stewart-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 627, (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Paressi): Mйtraux ibid. 359, (Viracocha): Stewart-Mйtraux ibid. 550.

A715.1. A715.1. Sun and moon born from a woman. *Fb “sol” III 457b.

A715.2. A715.2. Sun and moon born from a goddess impregnated by the wind. India: Thompson-Balys.

A715.3. A715.3. Sun and moon born from an ogre. India: Thompson-Balys.

A715.4. A715.4. Sun and moon from breasts of mother earth. (Cf. A401.) India: Thompson-Balys.

A715.5. A715.5. Sun as offspring of moon. Babylonia: Spence 145.

A715.6. A715.6. Sun and moon born of lizard. S. Am. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 149.

A716. A716. Dispute at creation of sun. God and devil discuss creation. God plans two suns; devil persuades him to create only one.--Dh I 128ff.; cf. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 498.

A716.1. A716.1. Four suns at first: culture hero shoots three down.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 420.

A717. A717. Hero makes sun and moon from tree and sends them alternately into sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

A717.1. A717.1. Hero makes sun and moon from tree and vivifies them with blood of creator’s son. India: Thompson-Balys.

A718. A718. Sun from transformation.

A718.1. A718.1. Sun from head of youth offered in sacrifice. India: Thompson-Balys.

A718.2. A718.2. Sun and moon as divine bodies of gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 85.

A718.3. A718.3. Sun from fruit kernels thrown into water of flood. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683.

A718.4. A718.4. Sun from transformed maggots. Maori: Beckwith Myth 101.

A719. A719. Creation of sun--miscellaneous.

A719.1. A719.1. Sun emerges from lake. S. Am. Indian (Amyra): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 571.

A719.2. A719.2. After world catastrophe, new sun reappears and starts new epoch. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 154ff.

A719.3. A719.3. Sun created on fourth day of creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A720. A720. Nature and condition of the sun. Chinese: Graham.

A720.1. A720.1. Formerly seven suns. India: Thompson-Balys.

A720.2. A720.2. Formerly great heat of sun causes distress to mankind. India: Thompson-Balys.

A721. A721. Sun kept in box. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 421.

A721.0.1. A721.0.1. Sun and moon kept in pots when they do not shine. S. Am. Indian (Bakairi, Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 313, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683. Cf. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 282 n. 45 (light kept in box or basket).

A721.0.2. A721.0.2. Sun shut up in pit. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A721.0.3. A721.0.3. Sun kept in a case. Jewish: Neuman.

A721.1. A721.1. Theft of sun. The sun, which is kept by a monster, is stolen and brought to earth.--BP III 288; Dh I 136ff., III 113ff.--Cf. Kaffir: Kidd 238 No. 7; Finnish: Kalevala runes 47, 49.--Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 483; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 60; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683.

A721.2. A721.2. Sun swallowed and spit out. In theft of sun, the raven (or devil) thus succeeds.--Dh III 113ff.

A721.2.1. A721.2.1. Great darkness due to awk swallowing the sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A721.3. A721.3. Stolen sun restored to sky. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 83; India: Thompson-Balys.

A721.4. A721.4. Pale sun made right again by using egg, yellow grass, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

A721.5. A721.5. Sun falls but is lifted back to sky and tied to it. S. Am. Indian: (Mocovi): Mйtraux MAFLS XXXX 34.

A722. A722. Sun‘s night journey. Around or under the earth.--Armenian: Ananikian 50; S. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 281.

A722.1. A722.1. Sun‘s night journey in golden goblet. Helios’ chariot is conveyed eastward at night in a golden goblet (or bed).--Greek: Fox 243. Cf. A724.

A722.2. A722.2. Sun‘s night journey with reversed face. It returns from west to east by the same way that it came, but it turns its light side to the sky and leaves the earth in darkness.--Hindu: Keith 16.

A722.3. A722.3. Sun’s night journey: in land of dead. Gaster Thespis 195; Egyptian: Mьller 27, 84; Armenian: Ananikian 50; India: Thompson-Balys.

A722.4. A722.4. Sun at night closes doors. In evening goes home and shuts doors and windows.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 357.

A722.5. A722.5. Sun at night lowers arm. The sun, a man, lies with arm uplifted. The shining comes from his armpits. When his arm is lowered the shining ceases.--Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 45.

A722.5.1. A722.5.1. Sun bathes in stream of fire at night. Jewish: Neuman.

A722.5.2. A722.5.2. Sun led through stream to cool off heat at night; otherwise might consume earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A722.6. A722.6. Sun hidden at night because afraid to wander. India: Thompson-Balys.

A722.7. A722.7. Mountain where sun goes through. Babylonian: Jensen Gilgamesch Epos IX 37.

A722.7.1. A722.7.1. Sun at night enters fissure between sky and earth. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19.

A722.8. A722.8. Sun sits on back of a male buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

A722.9. A722.9. At dawn sun comes to play with the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A722.10. A722.10. Sun and moon to remain half their time in underworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

A722.11. A722.11. Sun worships God by night. Jewish: Neuman.

A722.12. A722.12. Visible sun is the “pet” of real sun. S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 348.

A722.13. A722.13. Sun is man during day. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 33.

A723. A723. Boat of the sun. Egyptian: Mьller 26; Icel.: cf. Du Chaillu The Viking Age 100ff., 107; Almgren Hдllristningar och Kultbruk (Stockholm, 1926--27) passim.

A724. A724. Chariot of the sun. *Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte I 178, 256; Cook Zeus I 205ff.--Greek: Fox 243, cf. A722.1., Grote I 313; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 198; Babylonian: Spence 236; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A724.1. A724.1. Charioteer of the sun. Sun drives his horses and chariot across sky.--Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 114ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 196; Greek: Fox 243; Hindu: Penzer I 143 n. 2, II 150ff.

A724.1.0.1. A724.1.0.1. Coyote rides with sun. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 85.

A724.1.1. A724.1.1. Pha л ton. Sun entrusts his chariot to another (his son) and the horses run away. The world is almost burnt up.--Krappe “Phaлthon”, The Review of Religion (1944) 115--129.--Greek: *Roscher s.v. “Phaлthon”, *Frazer Pausanias II 59.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 291 n. 66.

A724.1.2. A724.1.2. Chariot of sun accompanied by angels. Jewish: Neuman.

A724.2. A724.2. The sun a golden bowl on the rim of which sits a peacock; both bowl and peacock are in a crystal box, which rests on a flying chariot.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A725. A725. Man controls rising and setting of sun. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

A725.1. A725.1. Sun does not set for a year through power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

A726. A726. Daily course of sun across sky.

A726.1. A726.1. Sun and moon make daily tour under direct orders of God. Jewish: Neuman.

A726.2. A726.2. Wings of sun. Jewish: Neuman.

A727. A727. Raising the sun. Originally low, it is raised little by little by conjurors.--Cherokee: Alexander N. Am. 60; Navaho: ibid. 167ff.

A727.1. A727.1. Sun originally so hot that it threatens all life. India: Thompson-Balys.

A728. A728. Sun caught in snare. Luomala Oceanic, American Indian, and African Myths of Snaring the Sun (BMB No. 168 [Honolulu, 1940]); *Dh III 120ff.--India: Thompson-Balys; African: Frobenius Atlantis V 38, 70f., XII 160, 185f.

A728.1. A728.1. Sun-snarer: burnt mantle. A boy is angered because the sun burned his mantle. He makes a snare and catches the sun and delays him so that everything is burning up. A mouse finally gnaws the snare in two.--American Indian: *Thompson Tales 290 n. 65. Cf. Luomala.

A728.2. A728.2. Sun-snarer: fast sun. The sun goes too fast to dry clothing. The hero snares the sun’s legs with a rope as he is climbing up from the underworld. He releases the sun upon the promise to go more slowly.--Polynesian: *Dixon 44ff. n. 26; Society Is., Samoan: ibid. 46; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 10, 227, 230; Marquesas: Handy 103. Cf. Luomala.

A728.3. A728.3. Sun visits earth in form of black bull, caught by man, thus causing night. India: Thompson-Balys.

A728.4. A728.4. Sun and moon carried through sky by animals. Speed depends upon hour and season.--S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 348.

A731. A731. Sun as king of sky and earth. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Africa: Bouveignes 14.

A731.1. A731.1. Sun sits on throne. Jewish: Neuman.

A731.2. A731.2. Crown of the sun. Jewish: Neuman.

A732. A732. The sun‘s animals.

A732.1. A732.1. Cattle and sheep of the sun. 350 of each (= days and nights of the lunar year).--Greek: Fox 242.

A732.2. A732.2. Horse of the sun.

A732.2.1. A732.2.1. Slave shoots arrow into leg of sun’s horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

A733. A733. Heat and light of the sun.

A733.1. A733.1. Why sunlight is so much stronger than moonlight. Jewish: Neuman.

A733.2. A733.2. Mortal cannot look at sun since God‘s name is engraved on it. Jewish: Neuman.

A733.3. A733.3. Two faces of the sun: fire, directed toward earth; hail, directed toward heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

A733.4. A733.4. Beams of light are snares with which sun is tied to earth. Cf. A728.--Maori: Clark 46.

A733.5. A733.5. Sun dries out earth with its heat. Jewish: Neuman.

A734. A734. Sun hides.

A734.1. A734.1. Sun hides in cave. India: Thompson-Balys.

A735. A735. Pursuit of sun by moon. Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 89; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 274 n. 9.--Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 189; African: Frobenius Atlantis XII 181, (Fang): Einstein 34, Trilles 173, (Dahomй): Einstein 30.

A735.1. A735.1. Moon tied to sun so that when sun sinks moon is dragged up to light earth. Maori: Clark 46.

A735.2. A735.2. Sun and moon pursued by dark planet in black chariot. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736. A736. Sun as human being.

A736.1. A736.1. Sun and moon as man and woman. India: Thompson-Balys; Macobi: Alexander Lat. Am 319; Africa: Meinhof 200.

A736.1.1. A736.1.1. Sun sister and moon brother. Brother visits sister at night. She marks him to identify him. He flees and she follows with flaming brand. She is sun and he the moon.--*Rank Das Inzestmotiv 446ff.; Frazer Ovid III 31.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 196; Lappish: Friis Lappisk Mythologi 79; German: Hdwb. d. deutschen Aberglaubens I 642, II 1511; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 10 No. 3.--Eskimo: *Thompson Tales 273 note 6; S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Manasi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 393, (Witoto, Shipaya, Canelo, Warrau, Arawak): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 54; African (Baluga): Einstein 176.

A736.1.2. A736.1.2. Sun-brother and moon-sister. Icel.: De la Saussaye 344; India: *Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian (Montagnais and Menominee): Alexander N. Am. 25.

A736.1.3. A736.1.3. Sun and moon as lovers. (Cf. A736.1.1.).--India: Thompson-Balys.--S. Am. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 306, (Caviсa, Tumupasa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448; African (Ekoi): Talbot 359.

A736.1.4. A736.1.4. Sun and moon married. *Fb. “sol” III 457b.--Lettish: Gray 321; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 133, Eberhard FFC CXX 113.--African: Werner African 232, (Fang): Trilles 171f.; Hatt Asiatic Influences 74f.--Tlingit: Alexander N. Am. 257; S. Am. Indian (Fuegian): Alexander Lat. Am. 342, (Jivaro): Stewart-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 627, Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 129, (Aymara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 571, (Chibcha): Kroeber ibid. 908.

A736.1.4.1. A736.1.4.1. Sun and moon quarrel when sun eats up all their children but two. India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. Africa: Meinhof 200.

A736.1.4.1.1. A736.1.4.1.1. Moon kills sun’s children. Africa (Fang): Milligan Jungle 248.

A736.1.4.2. A736.1.4.2. Moon, sun are sister and brother, wife and husband. India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. A736.1.2.

A736.1.4.3. A736.1.4.3. Creator separates sun and moon to prevent birth of more stars. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.2. A736.2. Sun as woman. S. Am. Indian (Mocovн): Mйtraux MAFLS XXXX 20.

A736.3. A736.3. Sun and moon as brothers. N. Am. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs Northwest Sahaptin Texts 16; S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux ibid. 484; (Guaporй River): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. 379.

A736.3.1. A736.3.1. Sun and moon as twin brothers. S. Am. Indian (Mataco, Chamacoco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Amuesa): *Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 131.

A736.3.2. A736.3.2. Sun and moon brothers: sun clever, moon stupid. S. Am. Indian (Mataco, Chamacoco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Timbira, Sherente, Caingang, Mashachali): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 397, 515.

A736.3.3. A736.3.3. Sun and his brother rise and set alternately. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.4. A736.4. Sun and moon as sisters, daughters of sky-god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.5. A736.5. Children of the sun. Tonga: Gifford 115.

A736.5.1. A736.5.1. Son of sun so hot no one can hold it. S. Am. Indian (Caviсa, Tumupasa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448.

A736.5.2. A736.5.2. Children from union with the sun turn into bit of blood in daytime as soon as they are exposed to sun; take human form (shape) again at sunset.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.6. A736.6. Sun and moon as friends. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.7. A736.7. Sun‘s affection for human girl rouses moon’s jealousy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.7.1. A736.7.1. Sun marries woman. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 35.

A736.8. A736.8. Original moon changed into sun and sun into moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.9. A736.9. Sun cursed by moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A736.10. A736.10. Human son of sun. Tonga: Gifford 114.

A736.11. A736.11. Contest between sun and moon. Chinese: Eberhard 219.

A737. A737. Causes of eclipses (sun or moon). *Hdwb. d. deutschen Aberglaubens II 1511; Penzer II 81f.--Estonian: Loortis Grundzьge I 153, 410ff.; Icel.: De la Saussaye 344; Jewish: Neuman; Korean: Zong in-Sob 11 No. 4; Hindu: Keith 137, 151, 192, 232f.; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Montagnais: Alexander N. Am. 25; Mataguaya (Pampean): Alexander Lat. Am. 319.

A737.0.1. A737.0.1. Origin of eclipse of moon. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A737.1. A737.1. Eclipse caused by monster devouring sun or moon. *Fb “solulv”; *Encyc. Religion and Ethics I 492a.; Gaster Oldest Stories 234; Gaster Thespis 206.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 279; Finnish: Kalevala rune 47; Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 424; Jugo-Slav: Mбchal Slavic Myth 229; Armenian: Ananikian 48.--Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 736; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Wilken Indische Gids (1885) I 240; Tahiti: Henry 227; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 123, 158, 165, (Mocovн): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 20, (Manao): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 712, (Guarani, Manasн, Guarayъ, Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, 393, 483, (Guayaki): Mйtraux-Baldus BBAE CXLIII (1) 444; (Toba, Abipуn, Mocovi, Mataco, Vilela): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie ibid. 434 (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724.

A737.2. A737.2. Cause of eclipses: mother‘s curse laid upon her third son. India: Thompson-Balys.

A737.3. A737.3. Toad causes eclipses of the sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A737.4. A737.4. Ghosts of the sun’s children return to cause eclipse. India: Thompson-Balys.

A737.5. A737.5. Moon‘s eclipse caused by moon’s interfering between attacker and person attacked. India: Thompson-Balys.

A737.6. A737.6. Eclipses caused by animal hiding sun behind his body. S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 348, (Lule): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.

A737.7. A737.7. Eclipses from quarrels between moon and sun. S. Am. Indian (Botocudo): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 540.

A737.8. A737.8. Eclipses when sun smears his face on account of mourning. S. Am. Indian (Caviсa, Tumupasa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448.

A737.8.1. A737.8.1. Sun hides face in shame: eclipse. Africa: Meinhof 207.

A737.9. A737.9. Eclipse as punishment by deity. Jewish: Neuman.

A737.10. A737.10. Eclipses because sun cannot endure tragic happenings of history. Jewish: Neuman.

A737.11. A737.11. Partial eclipses because of ailments of sun or moon. S. Am. Indian (Mojo): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 424.

A738. A738. Attributes of sun.

A738.1. A738.1. Physical attributes.

A738.1.1. A738.1.1. Sun and moon are balls of feathers. S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 347f., (Paressi): Mйtraux ibid. 360.

A738.1.2. A738.1.2. Sun a fat woman walking across sky. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19.

A738.2. A738.2. Mental powers and disposition of sun.

A738.2.1. A738.2.1. Religious sun and moon. Jewish: Neuman.

A738.2.2. A738.2.2. Sun endowed with wisdom and passion. Jewish: Neuman.

A738.3. A738.3. Sun‘s healing powers. Jewish: Neuman.

A738.4. A738.4. Sun’s power over plants. Jewish: Neuman.

A739. A739. Nature and condition of the sun--miscellaneous.

A739.1. A739.1. Sun at the edge of the sky. Chinese: Graham.

A739.2. A739.2. War with the sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A739.3. A739.3. Each of sun brothers works for a month and plays for the other eleven; were they to work all together, the world would be burned up by the heat.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A739.4. A739.4. Reason for variations in seasonal heat of sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A739.5. A739.5. Why the sun is red. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kamerun): Mansfield 235.

A739.6. A739.6. Sun sets and refuses to rise: must be coaxed back from underworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

A739.7. A739.7. Sun‘s all-seeing eye. Greek: Grote I 313.

A739.8. A739.8. Sun as caretaker of the poor. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 165.

A739.9. A739.9. Sun has weapons of iron to repel enemies. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19.

A740--A759.

A740--A759. THE MOON

A740. A740. Creation of the moon. (Cf. A710 to A719, where many of the motifs refer to the moon).--*Rьhle Sonne und Mond im primitiven Mythus (Tьbingen, 1925); *Roheim Mondmythologie und Mondreligion (Leipzig, 1927); Nielsen Die altarabische Mondreligion (Strassburg, 1904); Harley Moon Lore (London, 1885); Wolf Der Mond im deutschen Volksglauben (Bьhl, Baden, 1929).--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Babylonian: Spence 79.--Indonesian: Dixon 177; Australian: ibid. 276ff.; Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 97 No. 18; Hopi: Alexander N. Am. 205; Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 254ff.; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 205; Inca: Alexander Lat. Am. 240.

A741. A741. Moon from object (person) thrown into sky. Admiralty Is.: Dixon 112; Cook Group: ibid. 37; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 215.

A741.1. A741.1. Moon is water slung into sky. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 421.

A741.2. A741.2. Chest of sacrificed youth becomes the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A741.3. A741.3. Moon as grinder which brings fire out of the sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A742. A742. Moon made from shining fragments. A cap is opened and shining things fall out. Children pick them up and put them into a box. At the end of the month the box is full. The full moon shines when all the fragments are gathered together.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 349.

A743. A743. Moon from transformed object.

A743.1. A743.1. Origin of moon from shell. Nauru (Pleasant Is.), Micronesia: Dixon 250.

A744. A744. Heavenly smith is hammering on the moon. Africa (Sudanese): Frobenius Atlantis VII 18f.

A745. A745. Family of the moon.

A745.1. A745.1. Moon born from first couple. Gilbert Is. (Micronesia): Dixon 254.

A745.2. A745.2. Mother of the moon: the most distant star in the sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

A745.3. A745.3. Moon younger brother of the sun. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158, 165.

A747. A747. Person transformed to moon. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 165, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Warrau): Kirchoff ibid. 879, (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908; Norse: Boberg.

A750. A750. Nature and condition of the moon. Many motifs in A720 to A739 refer to the moon and are not here repeated.

A751. A751. Man in the moon. A man is said to be seen in the moon. Various explanations are given as to how he came to be there.--*Dh I 134; *Volksmann Am Urquell V 285, VI 75, 126, 199; *Cornelissen Ons Volksleven VI 168ff., 189ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte III 597; *Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (Boston 1933) 929; *Brown English Lyrics of the Thirteenth Century (Oxford 1932) 234ff.; *Hench JAFL XLVIII 384; *G. de Raille RTP III 129ff.; Basset RTP XXIII 220 and references to earlier volumes.--Breton: *Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “homme”; Estonian: *Aarne FFC XXV 140 No. 7, Loorits Grundzьge I 427f.; Livonian: *Loorits FFC LXVI 81 No. 8; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 423; Armenian: Ananikian 52; Flemish: *De Meyer FFC XXXVII 82 No. 8; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 37, 214 No. 163, 221, 250.--Maori: Dixon 88; N. A. Indian (general): *Thompson Tales 291 n. 69, (Haida, Tlingit, Kwakiutl): Alexander N. Am. 257, (Loucheux): Barbeau JAFL XXVIII 255; Hottentot: Bleek 72 No. 33: Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 130 No. 17.

A751.1. A751.1. Man in moon is person thrown or sent there as punishment. *Dh I 254ff.; *ibid. II 242 (Judas); Kцhler-Bolte I 114 (Judas), III 597; *Fb “mеne” II 659b.; Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 275ff., (1928) 171; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3907; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII 84 No. 4; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 37f. No. 25; Madison County Virginia (U.S.A.): Hench JAFL XLVIII 384.--Isthmian tribes (Panama): Alexander Lat. Am. 192 (punishment for incest); Yuracare (West Brazil): Alexander ibid. 314.

A751.1.1. A751.1.1. Man in moon has punishment for burning brush on Sunday. **Hench The Man in the Moon and his Sticks (SFQ XIV 169).--North Carolina: Brown Collection I 631.

A751.1.2. A751.1.2. Man in moon is put there as punishment for cursing God. U.S.: Baughman.

A751.1.3. A751.1.3. Man in moon as punishment for disdainful sacrifice (Cain). Emerson “Medieval Legends of Cain” PMLA XXI 840ff.

A751.1.4. A751.1.4. Man in moon banished there for stealing bundle of thorns. Emerson PMLA XXI 840ff.

A751.2. A751.2. Man in the moon a rabbit (hare, other animal). *Werhan Die Sage 65; Fb “mеne” II 659b.--Hindu- Keith 137, Penzer I 109 n. 1, II 82, V 101 n. 2, IX 143, Jataka Index s. v. “moon”, Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 675, 1079; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 339.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 57, 89; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503 (jaguar).

A751.3. A751.3. Frog in moon. S. Am. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 123.

A751.3.1. A751.3.1. Man in moon a frog which has jumped into person’s face and remains there. *Kцhler-Bolte I 473ff.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 291 n. 69.

A751.4. A751.4. Man in the moon: tarring of the moon. Man sets out to tar the moon and remains with his tar-bucket in the moon.--Finnish: *Aarne FFC VIII 4 No. 8; XXXIII 51 No. 8; Livonian: *Loorits FFC LXVI 81 No. 7; Estonian: *Aarne FFC XXV 140 No. 6.

A751.5. A751.5. Man in the moon from scratches or paint. S. Am. Indian (Caviсa, Tumupasa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448, (Chamacoco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Tembй): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 140, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 142f., (Peru): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 123.

A751.5.1. A751.5.1. Man in the moon: moon‘s face scratched by hare in retaliation for injury to hare. (Cf. A2216.3.)--Hottentot: Bleek 72 No. 33.

A751.5.2. A751.5.2. Man in the moon: dung (ashes) on moon’s face smeared there by sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A751.5.2.1. A751.5.2.1. Moon wants to marry his sister the sun. She is angered and throws hot ashes on his face.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A751.5.3. A751.5.3. Mark of her mother‘s hand to be seen on moon’s shoulder. India: Thompson-Balys.

A751.5.4. A751.5.4. Mark of tiger‘s paw on moon. India. Thompson-Balys.

A751.5.5. A751.5.5. Moon spots are tattoo marks. India: Thompson-Balys.

A751.6. A751.6. Cotton tree and nettles on moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A751.6.1. A751.6.1. Spots on moon a banyan tree planted there by creator to diminish its light. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A751.7. A751.7. Two children in moon with yoke and bucket. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 184, Boberg.

A751.8. A751.8. Woman in the moon. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 242, Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/1010).

A751.8.1. A751.8.1. Man in the moon is an old woman busy with her spindle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A751.8.2. A751.8.2. Man in moon is a woman threshing corn with a dog by her side. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A751.8.3. A751.8.3. Goddess in moon with calabash at her side. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 221.

A751.8.4. A751.8.4. Woman in moon’s oven seen on clear nights. Samoa: Clark 120.

A751.8.5. A751.8.5. Girl with tree carried to moon and is seen there. Samoa: Clark 119.

A751.8.6. A751.8.6. Goddess in moon beating tapa beneath tree. Tonga: Gifford 181.

A751.9. A751.9. Miscellaneous images on moon.

A751.9.1. A751.9.1. Rows of palm trees (black spots) on the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A751.9.2. A751.9.2. Bag in the moon. Samoa: Clark 89.

A751.9.3. A751.9.3. Giant in moon. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 736.

A751.10. A751.10. Particular individual is man in the moon.

A751.10.1. A751.10.1. Joshua as man in the moon. Jewish: Neuman.

A751.10.2. A751.10.2. Jacob as man in the moon. Jewish: Neuman.

A751.11. A751.11. Other marks on the moon. India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 192.

A753. A753. Moon as a person.

A753.1. A753.1. Moon as wooer. The moon is enamored of a mortal.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 61 n. 2 (Endymion); Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 427.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 273 n. 6a.

A753.1.1. A753.1.1. Moon abducts woman. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 29, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 50.

A753.1.2. A753.1.2. Moon (man) cohabits with woman. Maori: Beckwith Myth 74; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 47; S. Am. Indian (Cubeo): Goldman BBAE CXLIII (3) 798.

A753.1.3. A753.1.3. Moon (goddess, woman) cohabits with mortal man. Maori: Beckwith Myth 244.

A753.1.4. A753.1.4. Moon married to mortal woman. India: Thompson-Balys (A753.2); Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 29ff., (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 198, (Greenland): Rasmussen III 50, 52, Rink 441, Holm 47.

A753.1.4.1. A753.1.4.1. Moon married to son of sky-god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A753.1.4.2. A753.1.4.2. Moon is wife to all twelve brothers of the sun and they have her a month at a time because she ate up her sisters. India: Thompson-Balys.

A753.1.5. A753.1.5. Moon and mortal have child. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 199, (Greenland): Holm 47.

A753.2. A753.2. Moon has house. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 30, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 598, (Greenland): Rasmussen I 81, 83, II 25, 33, III 51, 170, Rink 442, Holm 73, 75, 80.

A753.3. A753.3. Moon as person--miscellaneous.

A753.3.1. A753.3.1. Moon deceives sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A753.3.2. A753.3.2. Moon steals from a garden. India: Thompson-Balys.

A753.3.3. A753.3.3. During day moon stays with his mother under the earth. S. Am. Indian (Ipurina): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19.

A753.3.4. A753.3.4. Moon endowed with wisdom and passion. Jewish: Neuman.

A754. A754. Moon kept in box. (Cf. A755.1).--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 282 n. 45; German New Guinea: Dixon 112.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 421; Chinese: Graham.

A754.1. A754.1. Moon buried in pit. India: Thompson-Balys.

A754.1.1. A754.1.1. Moon falls into pit but is rescued by man. S. Am. Indian (Guayaki): Mйtraux-Baldus BBAE CXLIII (1) 444.

A755. A755. Causes of moon‘s phases. Irish: Beal XXI 323; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 183; Baltic: (Lithuanian and Lettish): Gray 320; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 422f.; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 34 No 4; Hindu: Oldenberg Religion des Veda 171; Yakuts: Holmberg Siberian 424; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Maori: Dixon 88.--African: Werner African 227f. (Ekoi): Talbot 349, (Fang): Trilles 172.

A755.1. A755.1. Moon’s phases caused by its being put in box. (Cf.A754). When it is closed up in the box, it is dark; when taken out of the box, light.--Ekoi: Talbot 344.

A755.2. A755.2. Moon‘s phases caused by watcher’s death. Moon is hung in tree and is tended by four men. As one dies it loses a quarter. Later it is united in the lower world.--BP III 288ff. (Gr. No. 175).--Cf. Ekoi: Talbot 344.

A755.3. A755.3. Moon‘s waning caused by her sickness. Belden MLN XX 205; Penzer VI 119 n. 1.--Maori: Clark 182; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19.

A755.3.1. A755.3.1. Sacrifice made to free moon from sickness and allow waxing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A755.4. A755.4. Moon cut in two by sun: hence waxes and wanes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A755.4.1. A755.4.1. Moon cut in half. India: Thompson-Balys.

A755.4.2. A755.4.2. Moon stolen and divided into quarters. German: Grimm No. 175.

A755.4.3. A755.4.3. Moon’s phases caused by animals gnawing at edge. S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 360.

A755.5. A755.5. Moon‘s phases caused by feeding or starving. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19, (Ipurina): Mйtraux ibid. 20.

A755.6. A755.6. Moon’s phases as punishment for moon‘s misdoing. Jewish: Neuman.

A755.7. A755.7. Moon’s waning caused by menstrual period. India: Thompson-Balys.

A756. A756. Moon as sun‘s representative at night. Egyptian: Mьller 84.

A757. A757. Moon-boat. Lappish: Friis Lappisk Mythologi 79.

A757.1. A757.1. Moon-chariot. Icel.: Boberg.

A758. A758. Theft of moon. Moon is kept by a monster. It is stolen and brought to earth.--*BP III 288f. Cf. Thompson Tales 281 n. 42; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 483.--Finnish: Kalevala runes 47, 49.

A759. A759. Condition and nature of the moon--miscellaneous. For eclipse of the moon see A737, where both eclipses of the sun and moon are handled.

A759.1. A759.1. Moon has wooden weapons, therefore vulnerable. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19.

A759.2. A759.2. Sun and moon as divine hero’s wedding presents. India: Thompson-Balys.

A759.3. A759.3. Why the moon is pale. India: Thompson-Balys.

A759.4. A759.4. Moon is hare covered with silver, which lives in crystal house with fifteen windows. It rests on a chariot and travels around Mount Meru.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A759.5. A759.5. Formerly seven moons. India: Thompson-Balys.

A759.6. A759.6. Moon under direct control of deity. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 854.

A759.7. A759.7. Planet Mars lies on moon to impart warmth to her lest she freeze the earth. (Cf. A780). Jewish: Neuman.

A760--A789.

A760--A789. THE STARS

Note: the question of implicit meanings assumed by the proponents of “astralmythology” is not discussed here; only explicit statements in original sources are considered.

A760. A760. Creation and condition of the stars. *Normann Mythen der Sterne (Gotha 1925) 75ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325--26; Irish myth: Cross; Babylonian: Spence 79; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 205; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266; Maori: Clark 16; S. Am. Indian (Jivaro): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148.

A760.1. A760.1. Stars created by creator. Jewish: Neuman.

A760.2. A760.2. Star from union of girl with peacock. India: Thompson-Balys.

A761. A761. Ascent to stars. People or animals ascend to the sky and become stars.--*Dh I 289.--Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 534f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 14 No. 6; Japanese: Ikeda.--Hawaii: Henry 345; Tonga: Gifford 20; Maori: Clark 50; Australian: Dixon 299; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 174; S. Am. Indian (Jivaro): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 129, 140f., Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 627, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 34, (Yuracari): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434, (Tapirape): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 178, (Amyara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 571; Ekoi: Talbot 355.

A761.1. A761.1. River taken to sky becomes star. Eridanos.--Fox 244.

A761.2. A761.2. Chariot from heaven takes couple to live with sages in the Great Bear. India: Thompson-Balys.

A761.3. A761.3. Stars as transformed lovers. India: Thompson-Balys.

A761.4. A761.4. Stars as fires in the hearths of ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys.

A761.5. A761.5. Stars are men peering through holes in sky. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 30.

A761.6. A761.6. Stars thought of as living beings. S. Am. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 879.

A762. A762. Star descends as human being. Persian: Carnoy 269; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 56.

A762.1. A762.1. Star-husband. Star takes mortal maiden as wife.--**Thompson “The Star-husband Tale,” Studia Septentrionalia IV (Oslo 1953) 93--163; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 330 n. 193, Alexander N. Am. 94, Hatt Asiatic Influences. Cf. Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 538f.

A762.2. A762.2. Mortal marries star-girl. Chinese: Graham; African (Lamba): Doke Lamba Folk-Lore 14 No. 11; S. Am. Indian (Camacan): Mйtraux-Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (1) 552, (Chaco): Mйtraux ibid. 369, (Sherente): Louis ibid. 516, (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 48, (Carajб): Mйtraux ibid. 49, (Chamacoco): ibid. 48, (Apinaye, Canella): ibid. 48.

A763. A763. Stars from objects thrown into sky. Germanic: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 365, 440; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 328; India: Thompson-Balys; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 431.--African: Frobenius Atlantis I 85.--Fox: Jones PAES I 73.

A763.1. A763.1. Stars from arrows shot at sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

A763.2. A763.2. Stars hung by god in heavens to decorate it. India: Thompson-Balys.

A764. A764. Stars as pieces of the moon. *BP I 232; Kцhler-Bolte I 484, 505; Jewish: Neuman.

A764.1. A764.1. Stars as children of the moon. Cook Zeus I 523 n. 6.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Kruyt Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indiл LXXIX 470; Philippines: Beckwith Myth 537; S. Am. Indian (Amyara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 571.

A764.1.1. A764.1.1. Stars as children of sun eaten by their father. Hence no stars in the day.--Frazer Ovid III 205; Hatt Asiatic Influences 74f.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Trilles 172.

A764.1.2. A764.1.2. Sun eats all his own children except morning star, while moon keeps all her children in hiding. India: Thompson-Balys.

A764.1.3. A764.1.3. Stars as children of sun and moon. Africa (Fang): Trilles 171, 174.

A764.2. A764.2. Stars as drops of the moon‘s blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

A764.3. A764.3. Most brilliant stars children of the sun; others are children of the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A764.4. A764.4. Stars are transformed spittle of the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A765. A765. Naming the stars. The “Great Star” names the stars.--Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 79.

A766. A766. Origin of constellations. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 176.--Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 266; Ojibwa: Carson JAFL XXX 493; S. Am. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 288, (Mojo): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 424, (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. 348.--African: Werner African 229.--For the origin of particular constellations see A770--A779.

A767. A767. Stars sing together. Hebrew: Job 38:7; Jewish: Neuman; Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 110.

A769. A769. Creation of the stars--miscellaneous.

A769.1. A769.1. Stars are trees growing on the clouds. India: Thompson-Balys.

A769.2. A769.2. Stars rebel against God. Jewish: Neuman.

A769.3. A769.3. Stars supervised by angels. Jewish: Neuman.

A769.4. A769.4. Speaking stars. Jewish: Neuman.

A769.5. A769.5. Sun gives light to stars. S. Am. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 550.

A770. A770. Origin of particular stars. **Normann Mythen der Sterne (Gotha 1925); *Frazer Ovid V 7 s.v. “constellations”.--Chinese: Werner 189.

A771. A771. Origin of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). *Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 104; *Handwb. d. Aberglaubens IX Nachtrдge 681f.; *Basset RTP XXVIII 112 with references to earlier volumes.--Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 276; Greek: Fox 21 (Kallisto), 251; Jewish: Neuman; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 34 No. 5; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 81 Nos. 10, 11; Egyptian: Mьller 59; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 426; Hindu: Keith 102; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 12 No. 5.--N. A. Indian (Eskimo, Iroquois, Assiniboine, Blackfoot, Mandan, Sioux): Alexander N. Am. 9, 26, 96, *278 n. 14; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 93.

A771.1. A771.1. Origin of the Southern Cross. Analogous legends in the southern hemisphere with those of Ursa Major in the northern.--Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 113.--Macobi (Pampean): Alexander Lat. Am. 319.

A772. A772. Origin of Orion. Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 108; *RTP XXI 102 and references to earlier volumes; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 684f.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 177; Greek: Fox 249f.; Egyptian: Mьller 57; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 429; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 81 No. 12.--S. A. Indian (Tarahumare and Tepehuane): Alexander N. Am. 176; (Amazon) Alexander Lat. Am. 307; N. American Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 67; Africa (Tonga): Gifford 100.

A773. A773. Origin of the Pleiades. *Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 106; Frazer Ovid III 197 n. 4; *Basset RTP XXIII 396 and references to earlier volumes; *Dh II 83; Frazer Golden Bough VII 307ff.; *Fb “syvstjжrne”; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX N. 687f.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 29; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 336, 417, 427, 430.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 56.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 291 n. 71; (Blackfoot) Alexander N. Am. 96; (California) Gayton and Newman 65;--S. A. Indian (Tarahumare and Tepehuane): Alexander N. Am. 176; (Chaco, Pampean): Alexander Lat. Am. 323; (Amazon) ibid. 306.--Maori: Clark 106, 178.--Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 173.--Africa: Werner African 229.

A773.1. A773.1. Pleiades a princess and six suitors among whom she could not choose. *Kцhler-Bolte I 439f.

A773.2. A773.2. Pleiades six repudiated wives. They have been cast out for apparent infidelity.--Hindu: Keith 140.

A773.3. A773.3. Pleiades girls who died of grief. Greek: Fox 248.

A773.4. A773.4. Pleiades seven illegitimate children. *Fb “pige” II 816b.

A773.5. A773.5. Pleiades from hunters marooned in sky after felling world-tree. S. Am. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25, BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.

A773.6. A773.6. Pleiades as swarm of bees. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 483.

A773.7. A773.7. Two stars from Great Bear constellation transferred to Pleiades. Jewish: Neuman.

A774. A774. Origin of the North Star. (Cf. A702.3.)--*Basset RTP XXII 355 and references to earlier volumes.--Hindu: Keith 165.

A775. A775. Origin of Hyades. Greek: Fox 46, 248ff., Frazer Apollodorus I 321 n. 5; African: Werner African 229; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 365, MAFLS XL 21.

A776. A776. Origin of constellation Lyra. Greek (Orpheus’s lyre).

A776.1. A776.1. Origin of Vega (Alpha Lyrae). Maori: Beckwith Myth 101; Korean: Zong in-Sob No. 6.

A777. A777. Origin of constellation Scorpio. Maori: Clark 56; Cook Is.: Clark 81, 83; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 483, (Toba, Vilela): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 21f.

A778. A778. Origin of the Milky Way. *Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 109; *Basset RTP XXII 167 and references to earlier volumes; *Fb “mжlkevej” II 642.--Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 100; Armenian: Ananikian 37; Bulgarian: ibid. 49.--Ekoi: Talbot 366; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 74; S. Am. Indian (Yuracari): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503f.

A778.0.1. A778.0.1. Origin of Magellanic Clouds. Tonga: Gifford 105, 109; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 21f., 47, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 483.

A778.1. A778.1. Milky Way a hunting party. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 436.--Tehuelche (Pategonia): Alexander Lat. Am. 336.

A778.1.1. A778.1.1. Milky Way is the Wild Hunt. German: Brunk Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 184; Russian: Ralston Songs of the Russian People 109; Hungarian: Spolyi Zs. f. deutsche Myth. II 161; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 82; Greek-Latin: Cook Zeus II 37.

A778.2. A778.2. Milky Way as a road. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 20, Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 365.

A778.2.1. A778.2.1. Milky Way as path of souls (demons). Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 82.--Mandan, Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 96, 117; S. Am. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 307, (Chaco, Pampean): ibid. 323.

A778.3. A778.3. Milky Way as a river. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 435; Japanese: Ikeda.--Blackfoot: De Josselyn de Jong Blackfoot Texts 29ff.

A778.4. A778.4. Milky Way as a stitched seam in the sky. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 336, 434.

A778.5. A778.5. Milky Way as milk from breast of a woman. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 414.

A778.6. A778.6. Milky Way as the sperma of the gods. Eisler Weltenmantel und Himmelszelt 482.

A778.7. A778.7. Milky Way as path of a bird of passage. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 434; S. Am. Indian (Paс‘): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux ibid. 483.

A778.8. A778.8. Milky Way is smoke (ashes). African: Werner African 231; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 21, (Mocovi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 365.

A778.9. A778.9. Milky Way as race track. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 66.

A778.10. A778.10. Abyss at end of Milky Way. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 20f.

A779. A779. Origin of stars--miscellaneous. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 22; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 21f.

A779.1. A779.1. Origin of Coal Sack. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 22, 47.

A779.2. A779.2. Origin of constellation Aquila. Gaster Thespis 293.

A779.3. A779.3. Origin of constellation Argo. Greek: Grote I 221.

A780. A780. The planets (comets, etc.).--*Normann Mythen der Sterne (Gotha 1925).--Chinese: Graham.

A780.1. A780.1. Planets supervised by angels. Jewish: Neuman.

A781. A781. Origin of Venus (planet). *RTP XVII 227 and references to earlier volumes.--Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 434f., 535--540; India: Thompson-Balys; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 432.--Eskimo: Alexander N. Am. 9; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 365, (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 550; Africa (Fang): Trilles 136.

A781.1. A781.1. Origin of Morning Star. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 466; Chinese: Graham.--Maori: Clark 50; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 23, (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

A781.2. A781.2. Origin of Evening Star. Greek: Fox 247; Maori: Clark 50; Tonga: Gifford 110.

A782. A782. Origin of Jupiter (planet). Africa: Werner African 229; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 19.

A786. A786. Origin of comets. Frazer Ovid III 198 n. 4.--Tahiti: Henry 227; S. Am. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 551.

A787. A787. Relation of the planets to human life. Irish myth: Cross.

A788. A788. Origin of meteors. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 24, (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 551.

A788.1. A788.1. Falling stars as pieces of the moon. S. Am. Indian (Guayaki): Mйtraux-Baldus BBAE CXLIII (1) 444.

A788.2. A788.2. Shooting star one that has come down to graze. India: Thompson-Balys.

A788.3. A788.3. Shooting stars spirits coming down to earth to make woman pregnant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A788.4. A788.4. Shooting stars are star-dung. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 624.

A788.5. A788.5. Shooting stars are unfaithful wives. Africa (Fang): Trilles 174.

A790. A790. The heavenly lights.

A790.1. A790.1. Heavenly lights originate from firmament. Jewish: Neuman.

A791. A791. Origin of the Rainbow. *Wьnsche “Der Regenbogen in den Mythen und Sagen der Vцlker” Nord und Sьd LXXXII (1898) 70--82; *RTP XXIII 221 and references to earlier volumes.--Irish myth: Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 30; India: Thompson-Balys.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 234; S. Am. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 149, (Botocudo): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 540, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 38; Zulu: Callaway 293, 295.

A791.1. A791.1. Rainbow as bow of deity. Gaster Thespis 261 n. 21; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 443f.

A791.2. A791.2. Rainbow as snake. African: Werner African 234; S. Am. Indian (Morй): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 406, (Ashluslay): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 38, (Vilela): ibid. 40.

A791.3. A791.3. Rainbow made as bridge by the gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 329.

A791.4. A791.4. Rainbow has three colors. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 329.

A791.5. A791.5. Rainbow is a transformed king; the lesser rainbow is the king’s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

A791.6. A791.6. Rainbow from gods‘ emptying their drinking cups. India: Thompson-Balys.

A791.7. A791.7. Rainbow is horse of rain-god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A791.8. A791.8. Rainbow comes out of an anthill. India: Thompson-Balys.

A791.8.1. A791.8.1. Rainbow lives in a hole. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 38.

A791.9. A791.9. Origin of rainbow: transformed butterflies (souls of lovers). Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 266.

A791.10. A791.10. Rainbow as covenant between creator and men. Jewish: Neuman.

A795. A795. Origin of the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis). Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 140 No. 8; Finnish: Aarne VIII 4 No. 9; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 81, 287.--Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266.

A796. A796. Origin of the signs of the zodiac. Jewish: Neuman.

A797. A797. Origin of colors at sunrise and sunset. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/191).

A800.--A899.

A800.--A899. The earth.

A800. A800. Creation of the earth. *H. F. Feilberg Skabelses og Syndflodssagn (1915); A. Kьhn Berichte ьber den Weltanfang bei den Indochinesen und ihren Nachbarvцlker (1935); Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 280; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.--N. A. Indian (general): Thompson Tales 272 n. 1, (Ojibwa) Skinner JAFL XXXII 287, (Kaska) Teit JAFL XXX 441ff.--See also all references in this section (A800-839).

A801. A801. Earth born of Chaos. Greek: Grote I 4ff.

A802. A802. China first land to appear in our world. India: Thompson-Balys.

A810. A810. Primeval water: In the beginning everything is covered with water.--**Dh I 1--89 passim; Gaster Oldest Stories 69.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325--26; Finnish: Kalevala rune 1; Egyptian: Mьller 48; Babylonian: Spence 71; Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 313ff.; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 786; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Batak: Voorhoeve Oversicht 63ff.; Marquesas: Handy 122; Marshall Is.: Davenport 221; Oceanic: Dixon 8 n. 7 (Maori), 18f. (Samoa), 20 (Society Is., Tonga), 105 (Admiralty Is., Polynesia, Indonesia, Micronesia), 157 (Minahassa), 158f. (Borneo), 248f. (Marshall Is., Yap), 270 (Arunta); Bushongo: Werner African 144, African: Stanley 5; S. Am. Indian (Guarayu): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 437.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 279 n. 29, Alexander N. Am 260 (Haida), (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 53; Mixtec: Alexander Lat. Am. 86; Quichй: ibid. 160.

A810.1. A810.1. God and Devil fly together over primeval water. Dh I 6.

A810.2. A810.2. Primeval water to subside in a specified time. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 55.

A810.2.1. A810.2.1. Waters of heaven would engulf earth were it not for firmament. Jewish: Neuman.

A811. A811. Earth brought up from bottom of primeval water. (Cf. A812.)--India: Thompson-Balys.--New Britain, New Hebrides: Dixon 105.

A811.1. A811.1. Earth originates from fish brought from bottom of sea. The fish is hacked with knives; hence, mountains.--Oceanic (Maori, Hawaiian, Central Polynesian, Tonga, Samoan, New Hebrides, Union Group, Gilbert Is., New Britain): Dixon 43f.

A811.2. A811.2. Earth brought up by three gods. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 326.

A812. A812. Earth Diver. From a raft in the primeval sea, the creator sends down animals to try to bring up earth. After a number of animals have failed, one (often the muskrat) succeeds. The earth is made from the bit brought up.--**E. W. Count The Earth Diver and the Rival Twins (Proceedings 29th International Congress of Americanists [Chicago, 1952] 55--62); Walk “Die Verbreitung des Tauchmotivs in den Urmeerschцpfungs- (und Sintflut-) Sagen” Mitteil. d. anthrop. Gesellschaft Wien LXIII (1933) 60--76.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 318, *322ff.; Hatt Asiatic Influences 12--36, India: *Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 279 n. 30, (Calif. Indian): Gayton and Newman 53.

A812.1. A812.1. Devil as Earth Diver. Satan dives for earth at instance of God. Succeeds only third time (by use of right formula). He hides the earth under his tongue. It swells, and he must be rescued by God.--*Dh I 2--89 passim, *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 277ff.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 3 No. 1; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 455f., Aarne FFC XXV 139 No. 1; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 80 No. 1; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3005; Legends Nos. 7--10, 12f.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 313ff.

A812.2. A812.2. Earth from egg from bottom of sea recovered by bird.--Borneo: Dixon 165.

A812.3. A812.3. Creator sends crow, after creating her, to scout for earth-nucleus.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A813. A813. Raft in primeval sea. Creator is on the raft and there creates the earth. (Cf. A812.)--India: Thompson-Balys; Sumatra: Dixon 162.

A813.1. A813.1. Earth in form of raft supported by spirits. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A813.2. A813.2. Lotus-leaf raft in primeval sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

A813.3. A813.3. Creator rests on tree or stake. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 55.

A814. A814. Earth from object thrown on primeval water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A814.1. A814.1. Earth from stone thrown on primeval water. Oceanic: Dixon 18 (Samoa), 158 (Borneo), 163 n. 29--32. (Philippines, Samoa, Tonga, Micronesia).

A814.2. A814.2. Earth from sand strewn on primeval water. India: Thompson-Balys; Yap: Dixon 249.

A814.3. A814.3. Earth from decayed matter on primeval water. Mongolian, Japanese, Tungus: Holmberg Siberian 328f.; Japanese: Anesaki 223.--Hawaii: Dixon 15.

A814.4. A814.4. Earth from tree grown in primeval water. Tungus: Holmberg Siberian 329.

A814.5. A814.5. Earth from steam made by fire thrown into primeval water. Tungus: Holmberg Siberian 330.

A814.6. A814.6. Earth scattered in a circuit in four directions on primeval water. India: Thompson-Balys; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 55.

A814.7. A814.7. Earth from primeval water mixed with seeds of tobacco. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 55.

A814.8. A814.8. Earth from lotus seed placed on water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A814.9. A814.9. Earth from egg breaking on primeval water. (Cf. A1222).--India: Thompson-Balys.

A814.10. A814.10. Earth from creator’s spittle falling on primeval water.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A814.10.1. A814.10.1. Earth from spittle of primeval potter spreading on surface of water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A815. A815. Earth from turtle‘s back. Earth erected on back of a turtle floating in primeval water. (Cf. A844.1.).--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 279 n. 31.

A815.1. A815.1. Earth from serpent’s head. Earth reared on head of serpent floating in primeval water.--Borneo, Sumatra: Dixon 159f.

A816. A816. Earth rises from sea. *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 279.--Icel: *Olrik Ragnarцk 23, MacCulloch Eddic 325.--Mixtec: Alexander Lat. Am. 86.

A816.1. A816.1. Stone emerges from primeval water. Devil sits on the stone, which becomes a mountain.--*Dh I 6.

A816.2. A816.2. Ocean under this world. India: Thompson-Balys.

A816.3. A816.3. God causes primeval sea to roll back and leave bare all the hills. India: Thompson-Balys.

A817. A817. Earth let down from sky on to primeval ocean. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 330.

A820. A820. Other means of creation of earth.

A821. A821. Earth made of lac. India: Thompson-Balys.

A822. A822. Earth made by mud shaken from back of primeval boar. India: Thompson-Balys.

A822.1. A822.1. World is transformed mud parrot in golden cage. India: Thompson-Balys.

A823. A823. Earth made by cups of earth placed on spider‘s web. India: Thompson-Balys.

A824. A824. Earth made by transformation of broken ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

A825. A825. Earth made by first couple dancing on bit of cloth laid on water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A826. A826. Earth sets like curds. India: Thompson-Balys.

A827. A827. Earth made by drying up of primeval water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A828. A828. Earth from worm scratched by creator’s nails. India: Thompson-Balys.

A828.1. A828.1. Earth excreted by worm. India: Thompson-Balys.

A830. A830. Creation of earth by creator. Genesis ch. I.--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Tahiti: Henry 341; Marquesas: Handy 122; Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 109.

A831. A831. Earth from body of person (animal).

A831.1. A831.1. Earth from body of son of deity. India: Thompson-Balys; Kamchadale: Holmberg Siberian 330.

A831.2. A831.2. Earth from giant‘s body (Ymir). (Cf. A614.1.). *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 282.--Icel: MacCulloch Eddic 325; India: Thompson-Balys.

A831.3. A831.3. Earth by sacrifice of son and daughter of first couple. India: Thompson-Balys.

A831.4. A831.4. Earth by murder of first brother and sister. India: Thompson-Balys.

A831.5. A831.5. Earth from the body of murdered child. India: Thompson-Balys.

A831.6. A831.6. Earth from body of slain animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

A831.7. A831.7. Earth from body of divine suicide. India: Thompson-Balys.

A831.8. A831.8. Gods create the earth from their dead victim’s blood and bones. India: Thompson-Balys.

A831.9. A831.9. Earth created from Adam‘s body. Jewish: Neuman.

A832. A832. Creation because of creator’s lonesomeness. Dissatisfied at being alone in center of primeval water, God creates the earth.--*Dh I 35; India: Thompson-Balys.

A833. A833. Earth from creator‘s cuticle. (Cf. A1211.5.). India: Thompson-Balys; San Carlos Apache: Goddard PaAM XXIV 7.

A835. A835. Earth from nut in devil’s mouth. God throws a nut over his left shoulder. The devil catches it in his mouth. The nut grows rapidly and the devil spits it out.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 80 No. 1.

A835.1. A835.1. Earth created from snow under divine throne. Jewish: Neuman

A836. A836. Creator prepared earth‘s nucleus as one would a rice cake. India: Thompson-Balys.

A837. A837. Creator creates earth piecemeal. Jewish: Neuman.

A840. A840. Support of the earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A841. A841. World-columns. Four (two, etc.) columns or supports sustain the earth.--Irish myth: Cross; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 385, 400; Jewish: Neuman; Greek: *Grote I 70; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX III No. 66.--Sumatra: Dixon 163; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 286 n. 56; Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 154.--See also references to A665.2.1.

A841.0.1. A841.0.1. The four world-columns fastened immovably by two gods with their mother’s hairs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A841.1. A841.1. Four world-cords. Earth is suspended from the sky by cords at four corners. India: Thompson-Balys; Cherokee: Alexander N.Am. 60.

A841.2. A841.2. Four maidens as earth-supports. One is at each of the cardinal points. (Cf. A842.).--Hindu: Keith 134.

A841.3. A841.3. Twelve iron pillars steady the earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A841.4. A841.4. Four earth-nails. India: Thompson-Balys.

A842. A842. Atlas. A man supports the earth on his shoulders.--Greek: Fox 88, *Grote I 70; Gaster Oldest Stories 129.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 286 n. 56b; Chibcha: Alexander Lat. Am. 203.

A842.1. A842.1. Goddess standing on her head supports earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A842.2. A842.2. Old woman supports earth on her head. India: Thompson-Balys.

A843. A843. Earth supported on post. The post has an old woman as guardian. When she is hungry the post shakes, causing earthquakes.--Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 222.--N. A. Indian (Tlingit, Hare): Boas RBAE XXXI 732.

A843.1. A843.1. Earth supported on cross of wood. S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Apapocuvб): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 136.

A844. A844. Earth rests on animal‘s back. *Encyc. Religion and Ethics I 491b.

A844.1. A844.1. Earth rests on turtle’s back. (Cf. A815.).--Siberian: *Holmberg Siberian 327; India: *Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 279 n. 31.

A844.2. A844.2. Earth supported by bull. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 311; Armenian: Ananikian 93.

A844.3. A844.3. Earth supported by fish. *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 281.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian.

A844.4. A844.4. Earth supported by frog. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 311.

A844.5. A844.5. Earth rests on the horns of a bull who rests upon a fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

A844.6. A844.6. Earth rests on tortoise, serpent, elephant. (Cf. A1145.1.).--India: Thompson-Balys.

A844.7. A844.7. Earth rests on elephant‘s back. India: Thompson-Balys.

A844.8. A844.8. Earth rests on cobra’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

A844.9. A844.9. Earth supported on great boar‘s tusk. India: Thompson-Balys.

A844.10. A844.10. Earth supported on vast number of birds’ legs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A844.11. A844.11. Earth rests on leviathan. Jewish: Neuman.

A844.12. A844.12. Serpent supports the earth. (Cf. A844.6.). Hindu: Keith 120, 155, Penzer VI 71 n. 1 (thousand-headed serpent); India: *Thompson-Balys.

A849. A849. Support of the earth--miscellaneous.

A849.1. A849.1. Earth founded on stone. Jewish: Neuman.

A849.2. A849.2. Earth rests on God’s arm. Jewish: Neuman.

A849.3. A849.3. Earth supported by prop. S. Am. Indian (Apapocuvб-Guaranн): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 36.

A850. A850. Changes in the earth.

A851. A851. How the earth became oblong. God the Father situated on one side of the earth, the Son on the other.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 3 No. 2; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 139 No. 3.

A852. A852. Making the earth smaller. Earth made too large. God learns from devil by trickery how to make it smaller.--*Dh I 3--89 passim, 127ff.

A853. A853. Making the earth larger. Gradually extended during creation. See references to A812 in which this idea is always involved.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 317.--Oceanic: Dixon 29; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 279 n. 30.

A853.1. A853.1. Doubling size of the earth. Increase of population necessitates change.--Persian: Carnoy 307.

A855. A855. Opposite of present. Everything on the earth--courses of rivers, height of mountains, human reproduction, etc.--are at first the reverse of the present condition.--N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 225.

A856. A856. Hardening of the earth. At first it is soft, but is hardened by sun‘s rays.--India: Thompson-Balys.--Carib: Alexander Lat. Am. 39.

A856.1. A856.1. Primeval earth hardened by wind. India: Thompson-Balys.

A856.2. A856.2. Ground, previously all wet, dries up when first woman cuts her little finger and blood drips on ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

A857. A857. Steadying the earth. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

A857.1. A857.1. Why earth becomes warm and wet: two huge copper vessels steaming over fire are underneath earth.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A857.2. A857.2. Creator’s giant servant puts a valley where earth‘s crust is heavy and a mountain where it is light so as to stabilize it.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A857.3. A857.3. Creator’s giant servant puts trees to hold earth together where it slipped. India: Thompson-Balys.

A857.3.1. A857.3.1. Roots created to hold land firm. Tahiti: Henry 342.

A870. A870. Nature and condition of the earth. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325.

A871. A871. Earth square with four quarters. Irish myth: Cross; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 308.

A871.0.1. A871.0.1. Taprobane at eastern end of the world. Irish myth: Cross.

A871.0.2. A871.0.2. Unextinguishable fire at end of earth. S. A. Indian (Mbayб, Mataco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367.

A871.1. A871.1. Four streams from four corners of earth. Patch PMLA XXXIII 623 n. 77.

A871.2. A871.2. Four rivers, rising in paradise, water primitive world. Irish myth: Cross.

A872. A872. River that flows around the world. Greek: *Grote I 220, 232, 310 (River Ocean); Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A872.1. A872.1. Seven seas encircle the world. India: Thompson-Balys.

A873. A873. Above and below the earth are great clouds. India: Thompson-Balys.

A875. A875. Earth wheel-shaped (flat and round). Greek: Grote I 4, 310; Hindu: Keith 16; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 308.

A875.1. A875.1. Navel of the earth. Omphalos, the central point on the earth disc.--*Holmberg Baum des Lebens 150 s.v. “Mittelpunkt”; *Frazer Pausanias V 314f.; *Pease Cicero De Divinatione 353 (Bk. II 115); *Roscher Abh. kgl. Sдchs. Ges. d. Wiss. (Phil. hist. Kl.) XXIX (1913) 9, XXXI (1915) 1, Berichte d. kgl Sдchs. Ges. d. Wiss. (Phil. hist. Kl.) LXX (1918) 2; Warren Paradise Found (1885) 225ff.; Gaster Thespis 170f.; Jewish: Neuman; Norse: Boberg.

A875.1.1. A875.1.1. Mountain at center of earth. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1136.

A875.2. A875.2. Well in the midst of earth from which eleven rivers originate. (Cf. A871.1.) Icel.: Boberg.

A876. A876. Midgard Serpent. A serpent surrounds the earth.--Icel.: De la Saussaye 346, MacCulloch Eddic 279, 328, Boberg; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 345; Western Asia (general): Frobenius Erdteile VI 196; India: Thompson-Balys.--Arapaho: cf. Dorsey FM IV 13; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 57.

A876.1. A876.1. The leviathan that surrounds the globe. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A878. A878. Earth-tree. Tree of life or fate.--*Wьnsche “Das Wasser des Lebens in den Mдrchen der Vцlker” Zs. f. vgl. Litteraturgeschichte XIII 166ff.; **Holmberg Baum; Dh I 6 (five eastern branches given to man, others forbidden); *Albright Am. Jour. Semitic Langs. XXXIX 161.--*Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 150ff., 200.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 331ff. (Yggdrasil); Irish Myth: Cross; Egyptian: Mьller 36.

A878.1. A878.1. Stream of paradise from roots of world-tree. Holmberg Baum 70ff.; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 320f., 334.

A878.1.1. A878.1.1. Other streams from roots of earth-tree. Icel.: Boberg.

A878.1.2. A878.1.2. Three wells under the three roots of earth-tree. Icel.: Boberg.

A878.2. A878.2. Lake of milk by tree of life. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 414.

A878.3. A878.3. Animals at earth-tree.

A878.3.1. A878.3.1. Snake at roots of earth-tree. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 332; Boberg; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 357.

A878.3.2. A878.3.2. Hart(s) eating of the earth-tree. Holmberg Baum 67ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 332ff., Boberg.

A878.3.3. A878.3.3. Chattering squirrel in the earth-tree. Holmberg Baum 67ff. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 332ff., Boberg.

A878.3.4. A878.3.4. Wise eagle in the earth-tree. Holmberg Baum 67ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 332ff., Boberg.

A878.3.5. A878.3.5. Hawk in the earth-tree. Holmberg Baum 67ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 332ff., Boberg.

A878.3.6. A878.3.6. Golden cock in earth-tree. Icel.: Boberg.

A878.4. A878.4. Earth-tree furnishes health-giving and hunger-satisfying sap. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 350, 353.

A881. A881. Zones of earth corresponding to Zodiac. Jewish: Neuman.

A900--A999.

A900--A999. Topographical features of the earth.

A900. A900. Topography--general considerations.

A901. A901. Topographical features caused by experiences of primitive hero (demigod, deity). Footprints of the gods, thoroughfares of heroes, etc.--*Dh II 8, 68, 199; *Hdwb. d. deutschen Aberglaubens III 240 s.v. “Fussspur”; *Wehrhan Die Sage 65; *Basset and others RTP XXIV 299 and references to earlier volumes.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: MacCulloch Celtic 135; Icel.: De la Saussaye 280; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 303 Nos. 22, 23; Finnish: Kalevala rune 1; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3008, Legends Nos. 12ff.; Greek: Fox 250.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 331; Japanese: Anesaki 248f.; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 291; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 31, 768, 957, 1211.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 18; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 70; Africa (Fang): Trilles 153.--Cf. A911, A920.1.2, A920.1.5, A924, A931, A932, A933, A941.1, A941.2, A951, A955, A964, A972, A982.1, A984.

A901.1. A901.1. Topographical changes or landmarks due to battle between gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A901.2. A901.2. Natural features because of combat of huge rock columns with each other. Marquesas: Handy 133.

A902. A902. Topographical features of the earth arranged by creator. (Cf. A0.)--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--African: Werner African 143.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 30.

A902.1. A902.1. Two creators go by different route to establish features of the earth. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 59.

A903. A903. Topographical features caused by animals. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A910--A949.

A910--A949. WATER FEATURES

A910. A910. Origin of water features--general.

A910.1. A910.1. Waters created on first day of creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A910.2. A910.2. Waters created as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

A910.3. A910.3. Bodies of water in primitive abyss sink. Jewish: Neuman.

A910.4. A910.4. Bodies of water remnant of flood. S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 133.

A910.5. A910.5. Waters created by divine twins. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 167.

A911. A911. Bodies of water from tears. (Cf. A901, A920.1.5, A941.2, A1012.)--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 135; Nebraska: Pound WF VI 305--316; Finnish: Kalevala rune 4; African (Upoto): Einstein 127.

A913. A913. Origin of tides. *Hdwb. d. deutschen Aberglaubens II 513 s. v. “Ebbe und Flut”.--Persian: Carnoy 278.--Shetland Is.: Teit JAFL XXXI 198.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 293 n. 76a, and add (Malecite) Speck JAFL XXVIII 60, (Tahltan) Teit JAFL XXXII 201.

A913.1. A913.1. Tidal wave or surge marks place of death of person. (Cf. A920.1.4, A936.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A913.2. A913.2. Tide caused by breathing of sea-monster. Maori: Clark 180.

A913.3. A913.3. Ebb-tide goes to great whirlpool. Tonga: Gifford 144.

A913.4. A913.4. Tub that drips at high tide but holds water at low tide. Irish myth: Cross.

A914. A914. Mountains push water westward. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 54.

A915. A915. Why waters do not engulf the earth. Jewish: Neuman.

A917. A917. Quarrel between earth and waters. Jewish: Neuman.

A918. A918. Male and female waters. Jewish: Neuman.

A920. A920. Origin of the seas. Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 270, 277f.--Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 87; Buin: Wheeler 28.--Hatt: Asiatic Influences 17.

A920.1. A920.1. Origin of lakes. Fb “sш” III 731a.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 135 (cf. A911), Cross; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 291 (cf. A901).--Tahltan: *Teit JAFL XXXII, 219f.; Malecite: Speck JAFL XXX 481.

A920.1.0.1. A920.1.0.1. Origin of particular lake. India: Thompson-Balys.

A920.1.1. A920.1.1. Inexhaustible buckets as source of lakes. Chinese: Werner 221.

A920.1.2. A920.1.2. Lakes from digging of primeval ox. (Cf. A901.)--Kirghis: Holmberg Siberian 331.

A920.1.3. A920.1.3. Lake bursts forth to drown thief. Irish myth: Cross.

A939.1. A939.1. River bursts from well in pursuit.

A920.1.4. A920.1.4. Lakes burst forth to commemorate birth, death, battle, etc., of primitive hero. Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.5. A920.1.5. Lakes originate from tears. (Cf. A901, A911.) Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.5.1. A920.1.5.1. Lakes originate from belches. Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.6. A920.1.6. Lake from urine of horse. (Cf. A933.) Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.7. A920.1.7. Lake created by fairies. Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.7.1. A920.1.7.1. Lake bursts forth to quell fairy war. Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.8. A920.1.8. Lake bursts forth to drown impious people. Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 241ff., (1931) 162ff.; Fb “sш” III 731a; G. Schьtte in Danske Studier (1925) 117ff.

A920.1.8.1. A920.1.8.1. Lake from violating tabu. Irish myth: Cross; Africa: Bouveignes 21--29.

A920.1.9. A920.1.9. Lake bursts forth where island is plowed out. (See A951.)--Olrik Danske Studier (1910) 1ff.

A920.1.10. A920.1.10. Lakes made by giant or devil. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

A920.1.11. A920.1.11. Woman transformed to pool of water. Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.12. A920.1.12. Lake bursts forth where blind king plucks rushes. Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.13. A920.1.13. Lake of milk formed through virtue of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

A920.1.14. A920.1.14. Lakes are daughters of the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A920.1.15. A920.1.15. Origin of the Dead Sea. Jewish: Neuman.

A920.1.16. A920.1.16. Lake originally filled with palm wine. Africa (Bushonga): Torday 235.

A920.2. A920.2. Origin of sea channels. Tonga: Gifford 87, 94.

A921. A921. Ocean the son of Earth and Heaven. Greek: Fox.

A922. A922. Ocean made from blood. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325f.; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 51 No. 7**; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 86 No. 45.--Oceanic: Dixon 37 n. 107, 108 (Polynesia, Samoa, Marquesas).

A923. A923. Ocean from creator’s sweat. Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 64.--Polynesian: Dixon 37 n. 106.

A923.1. A923.1. Ocean from urine. (Cf. A933.)--Buin: Wheeler Mono-Alu 28, Aurora (New Hebrides): Codrington II 372.

A924. A924. Miscellaneous origins of the ocean.

A924.1. A924.1. Origin of sea from overturned calabash. Haitian: Alexander Lat. Am. 29.

A924.2. A924.2. Origin of sea from rotting snakes. Buin: Wheeler Mono-Alu 28.

A924.3. A924.3. Sea released from tree-top. Papua: Kerr 25.

A924.4. A924.4. Sea from earth excavation. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 973.

A925. A925. Origin of various qualities of the sea.

A925.1. A925.1. Origin of high sea waves. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/441).

A925.2. A925.2. Origin of sea‘s color. Jewish: Neuman.

A925.3. A925.3. Origin of foul odor of sea. Jewish: Neuman; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1110).

A925.4. A925.4. Origin of fresh water welling up in sea. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 96.

A925.5. A925.5. Origin of mournful sound of sea. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 21.

A925.6. A925.6. Origin of surf. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 436.

A925.7. A925.7. Origin of shining patches beneath sea. Tonga: Gifford 200.

A928. A928. Giant drinks up ocean. Hindu: Keith 146.--Cf. Icel.: Meyer Mythologie der Germanen (1903) 244 (Thor lowers level of ocean).

A930. A930. Origin of streams. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A930.1. A930.1. Creator of rivers. Jewish: Neuman.

A930.1.1. A930.1.1. Snake as creator of rivers and lakes. Papua: Kerr 57; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 67.

A931. A931. Meander-pursuit. (Cf. A901.)--A fugitive‘s doublings cause a river’s windings.--N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 224, (Micmac): Speck JAFL XXVIII 60, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 62.

A933. A933. River from urine of goddess (giantess).--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 368, Boberg; French: Sйbillot France II 327ff.; Sudanese: Frobenius Atlantis VI 219; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 15 No. 7.

A933.1. A933.1. River from the slaver of the Fenris-wolf. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 328; cf. India: Thompson-Balys.

A933.2. A933.2. River from vagina of first woman. S. A. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.

A934. A934. Various origins of rivers.

A934.1. A934.1. Rivers from digging of primeval ox. (Cf. A920.1.2.)--Kirghis: Holmberg Siberian 331.

A934.2. A934.2. Rivers formed where certain stones are placed. Each of seven children are to go in a different direction, to walk a mile and put down a stone, then another mile and a stone, etc. Thus rivers are formed.--Ekoi: Talbot 366.

A934.3. A934.3. Rivers burst forth to commemorate birth, death, battle, etc., of primitive hero. (Cf. A901, A920.1.4.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A934.4. A934.4. Rivers where god drags his staff. India: Thompson-Balys.

A934.5. A934.5. Rivers originate through saint‘s prayer during drought. Irish myth: Cross.

A934.6. A934.6. Hail-storm leaves twelve chief rivers in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A934.7. A934.7. River bursts from well in pursuit. Irish myth: Cross.

A934.8. A934.8. Rivers from mythical well. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 330, 333.

A934.9. A934.9. Stream unexpectedly bursts from side of mountain. Irish myth: Cross.

A934.10. A934.10. Origin of river: from a girl drowned in a well. India: Thompson-Balys.

A934.11. A934.11. River from transformation.

A934.11.1. A934.11.1. Girl reincarnated as river so god Vishnu can lie in its bed in the form of a stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

A934.11.2. A934.11.2. Person transforms self to river. India: Thompson-Balys.

A934.11.3. A934.11.3. Goddess in anger breaks herself into five parts: hence, five branches of a river. India: Thompson-Balys.

A934.11.4. A934.11.4. Origin of river: transformed flowing honey. India: Thompson-Balys.

A934.12. A934.12. Peacock shows rivers the way to the big valley so they will not go round and round. India: Thompson-Balys.

A935. A935. Origin of falls (cataracts). Irish myth: Cross.--Malecite: Speck JAFL XXX 480; S. A. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908; African (Upoto): Einstein 135.

A937. A937. Why there is no mist on a certain river: fanned away with a pair of eagle’s wings. India: Thompson-Balys.

A938. A938. Rivers and streams offspring of marriage of Ocean and his sister. Greek: Grote I 6.

A940. A940. Origin of other bodies of water.

A941. A941. Origin of springs. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.--Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 114 No. 69; S. A. Indian (Amuesa): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 131.

A941.0.1. A941.0.1. Origin of a particular spring. India: Thompson-Balys.

A941.1. A941.1. Springs originate from horse‘s hoof-prints. (Cf. A901.)--Malten Jahrb. d. kaiserlichen deutschen archдologischen Inst. XXIX 185.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 134, 328, Herrmann Saxo II 216; Greek: Fox 40, 213; Hungarian: Ipolyi Zs. f. deutsche Mythologie u. Sittenkunde II 273; German: Hdwb. d. deutschen Aberglaubens s.v. “Brunnen”; India: Thompson-Balys.

A941.1.1. A941.1.1. Spring from urine of horse. (Cf. A920.1.6., A933.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A941.1.2. A941.1.2. Spring breaks forth where fairy horse lies down. Irish myth: Cross.

A941.2. A941.2. Springs originate from tears. (Cf. A901, A911.)--Greek: Fox 41; Jewish: Neuman.

A941.3. A941.3. Spring from striking earth with sword. Sйbillot France II 181ff.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 114 No. 69.

A941.3.1. A941.3.1. Spring breaks forth where magic spear strikes ground. (Cf. A941.5.1.). Irish myth: Cross.

A941.3.2. A941.3.2. Spring where god throws his staff or spear. Oceanic: Beckwith Myth 64ff.

A941.4. A941.4. Spring breaks forth to commemorate experiences of hero (deity). (Cf. A901, A913.1, A920.1.4.)

A941.4.1. A941.4.1. Spring breaks forth to commemorate place of death or burial. Irish myth: Cross; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 188.

A941.4.2. A941.4.2. Spring breaks forth at primitive hero‘s need. Irish myth: Cross.

A941.4.2.1. A941.4.2.1. Spring breaks forth at need of demigod’s warriors. Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 216, MacCulloch Eddic 134, Boberg.

A941.5. A941.5. Spring breaks forth through power of saint. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A941.5.0.1. A941.5.0.1. Fountain breaks forth through power of Virgin Mary. Irish myth: Cross.

A941.5.0.2. A941.5.0.2. Wells break forth at birth of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

A941.5.1. A941.5.1. Spring breaks forth where saint smites rock. (Cf. A941.3.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

A941.5.2. A941.5.2. Many-colored fountain breaks forth where saint strikes earth with his foot.

A941.5.3. A941.5.3. Spring breaks forth through power of saint at place where leper pulls out clump of rushes. Irish myth: Cross.

A941.5.4. A941.5.4. Spring breaks forth where animal delivers book left behind by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

A941.5.5. A941.5.5. Spring breaks forth where saint‘s stolen cow is found. Irish myth: Cross.

A941.5.6. A941.5.6. Cloth from goddess, when spread by holy man over a spot, causes water to spring from earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A941.5.7. A941.5.7. Origin of springs where deity dug. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 212.

A941.5.8. A941.5.8. Spring from innocent king’s blood. Icel.: Boberg.

A941.6. A941.6. Breaking forth of springs partial cause of Flood. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A941.7. A941.7. Springs from beneath magic (holy) object.

A941.7.1. A941.7.1. Spring from beneath world-tree. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 330--333; Jewish: Neuman.

A941.7.2. A941.7.2. Spring from roots of sacred tree when arrow is shot into it. Fiji: Beckwith Myth 317.

A941.7.3. A941.7.3. Stream from under holy of holies in temple. Jewish: Neuman.

A942. A942. Origin of hot springs (geysers). Jewish: Neuman.

A942.1. A942.1. Hot springs rise where Christ bathed his feet. (Cf. A901.)--Dh II 68.

A942.2. A942.2. Origin of salt springs. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 326.

A950--A999.

A950--A999. LAND FEATURES

A950. A950. Origin of the land. Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 47.

A951. A951. Contours of land caused by plowing of goddess. (Cf. A901.)--*Olrik in Danske Studier (1910) 1ff.; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 181; Danish: De la Saussaye 280.

A951.1. A951.1. River valley licked out by giant beast. Irish myth: Cross.

A951.2. A951.2. Contours of land caused by rooting of swine. Irish myth: Cross.

A951.3. A951.3. Contours of land caused by occult hero driving harrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

A952. A952. Land rises out of sea. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 75.

A953. A953. Land thrown down from heaven. Tonga: Gifford 15.

A954. A954. Land born from goddess. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 302.

A955. A955. Origin of islands.

A955.0.1. A955.0.1. Islands created by order of deity. Marquesas: Handy 122f.; Marshall Is.: Davenport 221.

A955.1. A955.1. Islands as deity‘s stepping-stones. (Cf. A901.)--Greek: Fox 250.

A955.2. A955.2. Island created by shooting arrow. (Cf. D936, D1092.)--Greek: Pauly-Wissowa s.v. “Anaphe” 2060, Apollonius Rhodius IV 1709ff.

A955.3. A955.3. Origin of island’s shape and position.

A955.3.1. A955.3.1. Origin of an island‘s shape. India: Thompson-Balys.

A955.3.2. A955.3.2. Origin of island’s position. Mono-Alu, Farau: Wheeler 70.

A955.3.2.1. A955.3.2.1. Primeval hero moves islands into their present position. *Frazer Pausanias II 48.--Japanese: Anesaki 248ff., Ikeda; Marshall Is.: Davenport 222.

A955.4. A955.4. Island plowed out by goddess. (See A951.).

A955.5. A955.5. Islands from cow and calf transformed by evil eye of one-eyed god. Irish myth: Cross.

A955.6. A955.6. Islands from stones cast by giantess. (Cf. A901, A963.5.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A955.7. A955.7. Islands from webs woven by primeval spiders. India: Thompson-Balys.

A955.8. A955.8. Island fished-up by demigod (hero). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 61, 227, 308; Tonga: Beckwith Myth 369, Gifford 15, 20; Maori: Clark 48ff.; Marquesas: Handy 103; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (x-G. 13/52).

A955.9. A955.9. Goddess gives birth to islands. Tonga: Gifford 102.

A955.10. A955.10. Islands from transformed object or person. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 347; Tahiti: Henry 129, 346; Marshall Is.: Davenport 222; Tonga: Gifford 24, 68, 179; Marquesas: Handy 44.

A955.11. A955.11. Islands originally form continent, later separated. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 468; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 216f., 230, 328; Marquesas: Handy 112; Tonga: Gifford 81; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 389.

A955.12. A955.12. Old woman as guardian of floating islands of the gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 68.

A956. A956. Origin of peninsulas. Greek: Aeschylus Suppliants line 542.--Tonga: Gifford 68.

A957. A957. Origin of desert. Jewish: Neuman.

A960. A960. Creation of mountains (hills). Norwegian: Solheim Register 22; Persian: Carnoy; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 47.

A961. A961. Mountains from primeval animal.

A961.1. A961.1. Hills from flapping of primeval bird. Hills and valleys are formed from the flapping of a giant turkey-buzzard when the earth is still plastic.--Yuchi: Alexander N. Am. 62.

A961.2. A961.2. Mountains from hacked-up fish drawn from bottom of primeval water. Earth originates from a fish drawn from the water. It is hacked up and thus made to form mountains.--Maori: Dixon 43.

A961.3. A961.3. Mountain from accident to primeval lizard. Lizard passing through a mountain is broken; his fore and hinder parts become mountains.--Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 215.

A961.4. A961.4. Mountains spring from scattered parts of slain giant serpent‘s body. India: Thompson-Balys.

A961.5. A961.5. Mountains (cliffs) from bones of killed giant. Icel.: Boberg.

A962. A962. Mountains (hills) from ancient activities of god (hero).

A962.1. A962.1. Mountain from part of deity’s (hero‘s) body. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 170 (bones), 188f.; Maori: Beckwith Myth 379 (navel); Tahiti: Henry 339 (ribs, spine).

A962.2. A962.2. Mountains made with God’s hand. Jewish: Neuman.

A962.3. A962.3. Mountains from primeval journeys of a god. (Cf. A901.)--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 332.

A962.4. A962.4. Mountains pressed together by God. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 4 No. 4, XXXIII 51 No. 4.

A962.5. A962.5. Mountains made with the hand. Jewish: Moreno Esdras.

A962.6. A962.6. Mountains originated from primeval journeys of the first man. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 14.

A962.7. A962.7. Hills from hero‘s striking (earth) with sword. Irish myth: Cross.

A962.8. A962.8. Origin of hills and ridges: pieces of shattered god’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

A962.9. A962.9. Mountains and hills are former sons, daughters of gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A962.10. A962.10. Hills represent loads from culture-hero‘s shoulders. India: Thompson-Balys.

A963. A963. Mountains from stones (soil, sand) dropped or thrown.

A963.1. A963.1. Mountains from stones dropped from giant’s clothes. He carries the stones in his clothes but loses them as he walks.--German: Grimm Deutsche Mythologie I 443; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1043; French: Sйbillot France IV 7ff.; Swedish: Wessman 68 Nos. 581--3.--Indonesian: L. de Backer L‘archipel indien 232ff.

A963.2. A963.2. Mountains from breaking of God’s sieve. He is sifting stones and the bottom of the sieve breaks, letting huge stones and mountains fall through. (Cf. A971.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 4 No. 5; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 34 No. 1.

A963.3. A963.3. Soil dropped to form mountains. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 59.

A963.4. A963.4. Mountains and hills from stones thrown by giant at church. Germanic: Hdwb. d. deutschen Aberglaubens s. v. “Findlingssteine”; Celtic: Thurneysen Irische Helden- und Kцnigssage 431; Danish: Schmidt Danmarks Kaempesten (1932) (DF XXXIX) 66ff.; Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 19ff., (1931) 11ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 493--96; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 68 Nos. 586--591.

A963.5. A963.5. Hills from stones cast by giants. Irish myth: Cross.

A963.6. A963.6. Hill from anvil (cast by supernatural smith). Irish myth: Cross.

A963.7. A963.7. Hill from sand left by passersby.--Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

A963.8. A963.8. Hill as unfinished tower built in the likeness of Nimrod‘s tower. Irish myth: Cross.

A963.9. A963.9. Clay soil dropped from sky to form hill. Tonga: Gifford 39.

A964. A964. Mountains (hills) from ancient contest (fight).

A964.1. A964.1. Holes in hills result of fight between gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A964.2. A964.2. Mountains fight each other: cause of their present shape. India: Thompson-Balys.

A964.2.1. A964.2.1. Mountains fight each other for honor of being the spot for the revelation. Jewish: Neuman.

A964.3. A964.3. Battle of demons: hills torn up. India: Thompson-Balys.

A965. A965. Origin of mountain chain.

A965.1. A965.1. One mountain in love with another stretches leg out to meet her: origin of a mountain chain. India: Thompson-Balys.

A966. A966. Origin of volcanoes. Maori: Clark 43.

A967. A967. Origin of mounds. Tonga: Gifford 121.

A967.1. A967.1. Mounds from horns cast by cattle. Irish myth: Cross.

A968. A968. Origin of cliffs.

A968.1. A968.1. Cliffs become hard. Were formerly soft but become hard by God‘s order. (Cf. A975.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 3 No. 3; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 139 No. 2.

A968.2. A968.2. Cliff from lovers’ leap. Lovers in despair throw themselves from a high place. This becomes a cliff.--*Crane Vitry 220f. No. 214; Ward Cat. Romances III 17; U.S.: Baughman.--Common among the North American Indians.

A969. A969. Creation of mountains and hills--miscellaneous.

A969.1. A969.1. Mountain from buried giant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A969.2. A969.2. Cloud on lofty male mountain induced by a beautiful female mountain to bow to her feet: hence their present shape. India: Thompson-Balys.

A969.3. A969.3. Mountains and valleys formed from great fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

A969.4. A969.4. Hills because sky asked earth to wrinkle up its feet. India: Thompson-Balys.

A969.5. A969.5. Water freezes and forms mountains. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 482.

A969.6. A969.6. Hill brought to country as adopted child. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 379.

A969.7. A969.7. Origin of mountains as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

A969.8. A969.8. Origin of crevasse. Africa (Bushongo): Torday 251.

A969.9. A969.9. Mountain or hills from actions of the devil. England: *Baughman.

A970. A970. Origin of rocks and stones. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325f.; Jewish: Neuman.--Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 47.

A971. A971. Origin of rocks from breaking of God‘s sieve. See references in A963.2.

A972. A972. Indentions on rocks from prints left by man (beast). (Cf. A901.)--*Fb “sten” III 552b; *Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 96; Dh II 8.--Irish: Thurneysen Irische Helden-u. Kцnigssagen 189, Cross; Icel.: Boberg; Danish: Schmidt DF XXXIX 13ff.; French: Sйbillot France I 369ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: Krickeberg Indianermдrchen aus Nordamerika 245, Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 59; Aztec: Krickeberg Mдrchen der Azteken 60, 204, and passim; S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

A972.1. A972.1. Indentions on rocks from imprint of gods and saints. *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Literaturgeschichte V 337ff.; Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 95.--Irish myth: *Cross; Eng., Scot., Ire., Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 977; Greek: *Grote I 180.--Hawaii Beckwith Myth 65, 142, 212f.; S. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 281.

A972.1.1. A972.1.1. Indentions on rocks from footprints of Christ. Dh II 199.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Kirialaxsaga 66.

A972.1.2. A972.1.2. Priest stamps on stone to prove truth of pope; print is still visible. England: Baughman.

A972.1.3. A972.1.3. Footprints of holy man are still seen in stone where he stood to preach. England: Baughman.

A972.2. A972.2. Indentions on rocks from footprints of fairies (angels, devils). Jegerlehner Oberwallis 303 Nos. 22, 23.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 500ff.

A972.2.1. A972.2.1. Indention on rock from footprint of angel. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A972.2.2. A972.2.2. The devil’s footprint. Eng., Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

A972.3. A972.3. Holes in stones caused by piercing by saint‘s finger. Irish: Plummer Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae clvi.

A972.3.1. A972.3.1. Holes in stone caused by saint (warrior). Irish myth: Cross.

A972.3.1.1. A972.3.1.1. Indentions on rock from weapons (limbs) of robbers through power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

A972.3.1.2. A972.3.1.2. Indentions on rocks from footprints of saint’s cow. Irish myth: Cross.

A972.4. A972.4. Imprint of horse in rocks.--French: Sйbillot France I 383ff.; Danish: Thiele Danmarks Folkesagn I 209, II 47, Schmidt DF XXXIX 22--23; German: Юiрriks saga I 157, 220.--India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

A972.5. A972.5. Indentions on rocks from marks of various persons.

A972.5.1. A972.5.1. Indentions on rocks from head of infant hero (saint). Irish myth: Cross.

A972.5.2. A972.5.2. Chasms between rocks mark “leaps” of giants, heroes, etc. Irish myth: Cross.

A972.5.3. A972.5.3. Indentions on rock from paws of King Arthur‘s dog. Irish myth: Cross.

A972.5.4. A972.5.4. Indentions on rocks from weapons, knees, and elbows (of persons slain by hero). Irish myth: Cross.

A972.5.5. A972.5.5. Rocks or hill-tops flat because persons (gods) slept or cooked on them. Irish myth: Cross.

A972.5.6. A972.5.6. Hole in stone caused by weapon of warrior. Irish myth: Cross.

A972.6. A972.6. Indentions on rocks caused by giants. Irish myth: Cross.

A972.7. A972.7. Great fish killed by hero and cut into sixteen pieces: the great stones may still be seen. India: Thompson-Balys.

A973. A973. Origin of stones: punishment for discourtesy. Jesus asks a man what he is sowing. He answers, “Stones.” Jesus turns the crop to stones. This is how stones originate.--*Dh II 95.--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 140 No. 4; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 80 No. 2, England: Baughman.

A974. A974. Rocks from transformation of people to stone. Greek: Fox 175; Icel.: Boberg.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 175; Marshall Is.: Davenport 229; Tonga: Gifford 99, 130; Marquesas: Handy 106; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo: Boas RBAE VI 639; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 97.

A974.1. A974.1. Certain stones are druids transformed by power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

A974.2. A974.2. Certain stones are transformed giants. Irish myth: Cross.

A975. A975. Why stones became hard. By God’s order. (Cf. A968.1.)--Schmidt DF XXXIX 36; von Sydow Folkeminder och Folktankar VI 73; Fb “Adam” IV 3a.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 3 No. 3; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 139 Nr. 2; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 80 Nos. 3, 4.--Oceanic: Beckwith Myth 88.

A975.1. A975.1. Why stones no longer grow. Devil sows stones; God sends cold to prevent their growing. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3015, Legends Nos. 16f.

A975.1.1. A975.1.1. Why stones no longer grow: punishment for injuring foot of holy person. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3015. Legends Nos. 19, 25.

A975.2. A975.2. Why certain rock produces fire when struck with steel.

A975.2.1. A975.2.1. Fire producing rock result of contest between god of fire and god of rain. India: Thompson-Balys.

A976. A976. Why rocks at river are covered with moss. Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259 No. 49.

A977. A977. Origin of particular stones or groups of stones.

A977.1. A977.1. Giant responsible for certain stones. (Cf. A963.1.)--Canada, England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman; Icel.: Boberg.

A977.2. A977.2. Devil throws stones. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

A977.2.1. A977.2.1. Devil and man throw stones in contest. England, Wales: *Baughman.

A977.2.2. A977.2.2. The devil throws stones at church or churchmen. (Cf. A963.4.)--England: *Baughman.

A977.2.3. A977.2.3. Devil throws down quoits when he is told that it is wrong to play on Sunday. They remain as stones to this day.--England: Baughman.

A977.3. A977.3. Devil drops stones. England: *Baughman.

A977.3.1. A977.3.1. The devil drops stones from apron. (Cf. A963.1.)--England, Ireland: *Baughman.

A977.4. A977.4. The devil turns object or animal to stone which is still seen. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

A977.5. A977.5. Origin of particular rock. India: Thompson-Balys.

A977.5.1. A977.5.1. Certain stones are cheeses transformed by saint. (Cf. A974.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A977.5.2. A977.5.2. Pile of stones in certain chapel formed of fragments of salmon transformed by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

A977.5.3. A977.5.3. Stone column is membrum virile of ancient hero. Irish myth: Cross.

A977.5.4. A977.5.4. Two rocks from split and transformed lapdog. Irish myth: Cross.

A978. A978. Origin of minerals.

A978.1. A978.1. Origin of minerals from body of dead culture hero. Persian: Carnoy 294.

A978.2. A978.2. Iron created to punish cedar‘s pride. Jewish: Neuman.

A978.3. A978.3. Origin of emeralds from marvelous vase broken into pieces. India: Thompson-Balys.

A979. A979. Other stories about stone origins. Tahiti: Henry 341; Marquesas: Handy 132; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 18, 22.

A979.1. A979.1. Stone rent at time of crucifixion. England: Baughman.

A980. A980. Origin of particular places.

A983. A983. Origin of valleys or hollows. Jewish: Neuman; Tonga: Gifford 89.

A984. A984. Pillars of Hercules at Gibraltar set up by Hercules. (Cf. A901.)--Greek: Fox 86.

A986. A986. Bridge of the Gods. A conflict of the gods breaks a primeval bridge and thus causes a rapid in a river (the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon).--Salishan: Alexander N. Am. 134.

A988. A988. Cairn marks burial place. Irish myth: Cross.

A989. A989. Origin of particular places--miscellaneous.

A989.1. A989.1. Dark brown patches on soil mark place where marvelous cow (Glas) and her calf lay. Irish myth: Cross.

A989.2. A989.2. Roads marked out by supernatural cows. Irish myth: Cross.

A989.3. A989.3. Certain stones are druids’ (saints‘) seats (chairs). Irish myth: Cross.

A989.4. A989.4. Pile of stones (cairn) marks site of battle. Irish myth: Cross.

A990. A990. Other land features.

A991. A991. Origin of villages. Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 36; India: Thompson-Balys.

A992. A992. Origin of sacred places. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3725; India: Thompson-Balys.

A992.1. A992.1. Origin of sacred post (placed there by ancestral culture hero). India: Thompson-Balys.

A992.2. A992.2. Sacred place where thunderbolt fell down. Blinkenberg The Thunderweapon (Cambridge 1911); Handwb. d. Abergl. II 325 “Donnerkeil”.

A992.3. A992.3. Ground bursts open and a temple rises from it. India: Thompson-Balys.

A994. A994. Five great roads of Ireland “discovered” on night of king’s birth. Irish myth: Cross.

A995. A995. Origin of cities. Jewish: Neuman.

A996. A996. Origin of settlements (places later to be settled). Jewish: Neuman.

A997. A997. Origin of boundaries. Jewish: Neuman.

A998. A998. Origin of clay. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1000--A1099.

A1000--A1099. World calamities and renewals.

A1000. A1000. World catastrophe. The world is destroyed. The incidents are usually the same whether a final destruction is thought of or a destruction which may be overcome by a renewal of the earth.--**Olrik Ragnarцk; Fb “verden” III 1039ab; *G. Neckel Studien zu den germanischen Dichtungen vom Weltuntergang (Stzb. d. Heidelberger Akad. d. Wissenschaften 1918); **H. Fischer Weltwenden (1928); **Henne-am Rhyn Das Jenseits: kulturgeschichtliche Darstellung der Ansichten ьber .... Weltuntergang (1881); **Reitzenstein Weltuntergangsvorstellungen (Kyrkohistoriska Еrsskrift [Uppsala 1924]).--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 336ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Egyptian: Smith Dragon 111; Hindu: Keith 105.--S. Am. Indian (Guarani): *Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 124.

A1001. A1001. Series of world catastrophes. **Olrik Ragnarцk; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 336ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3012, Legends No. 15.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 95.

A1002. A1002. Doomsday. Catastrophes precede the Day of Judgment. *Olrik Ragnarцk.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 336ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 461ff.; Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307), *Neuman; Hindu: Keith 105; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 279.--pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 116ff.--Cf. Revelations passim.

A1002.1. A1002.1. Widespread calamity when feast of John the Baptist shall fall on certain day. Irish myth: Cross.

A1002.2. A1002.2. Signs before the Day of Judgment. **Heist Fifteen Signs Before Doomsday (East Lansing, Michigan, 1952).--Irish myth: Cross.

A1002.2.1. A1002.2.1. No rainbow for fifteen years before the Day of Judgment. Irish myth: Cross.

A1002.2.2. A1002.2.2. Bleeding wood as sign of Doomsday. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.3.).

A1002.2.3. A1002.2.3. Talking stone as sign of Doomsday. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.4).

A1002.2.4. A1002.2.4. Unusual migration of birds as sign of Doomsday. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.5.).

A1003. A1003. Calamity as punishment for sin. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Beckwith Myth 317; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158.

A1005. A1005. Preservation of life during world calamity. (Cf. A1020, A1038, A1045.)--Persian: Carnoy 308; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

A1005.1. A1005.1. Preservation of life of certain persons in Ireland during Flood. (Cf. A1006.5.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A1005.2. A1005.2. Inclosure made during world calamity and only best types of animals and men preserved. Persian: Carnoy 308; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1005.3. A1005.3. Holy Land not ravaged by deluge. Jewish: Neuman.

A1006. A1006. Renewal of world after world calamity. Icel.: De la Saussaye 352, Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.--S. Am. Indian (Bakairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 347, (Namicuara): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. 369.

A1006.1. A1006.1. New race from single pair (or several) after world calamity. (Cf. A1038, A1045.)--*Olrik Ragnarцk 479 s.v. “Erneuerung”.--Greek: *Grote I 93; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--Marquesas: Handy 110; Ellice Is.: Beckwith Myth 270; Hawaii: ibid. 315; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 91; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144, (Chiriguano): ibid. 157, 163, 170f., (Guaporй River): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379; African (Lamomi): Bouveignes 29.

A1006.2. A1006.2. New race from incest after world calamity. Hindu: Keith 92; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A1006.3. A1006.3. New race made of red earth after world calamity. Smith Dragon 121.

A1006.4. A1006.4. New race from union of girl and rat. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1006.5. A1006.5. Ireland repopulated by persons who escape flood. Irish myth: Cross.

A1006.6. A1006.6. Ireland, waste for centuries after flood, is repopulated by immigrants. Irish myth: Cross.

A1006.7. A1006.7. Whole tribe descended from lone woman-survivor of doomed city. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1006.8. A1006.8. One bear-child escapes death, is ancestor of all bears. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1006.9. A1006.9. After world-fire life recreated from tree. Africa (Fang): Trilles 132f.

A1007. A1007. World calamity will begin in Palestine. Jewish: Neuman.

A1009. A1009. World catastrophes--miscellaneous.

A1009.1. A1009.1. First race of men perishes when sun first rises. S. Am. Indian (Aymara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 571, (Chibaya): La Barre ibid. 585.

A1009.2. A1009.2. Animate and inanimate objects attempt to destroy humanity. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158.

A1009.3. A1009.3. Large stone falls from sky killing all but one couple. S. Am. Indian (Morй): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 406.

A1010. A1010. Deluge. Inundation of whole world or section.--**Anderson Nordasiatische Flutsagen; **Andree Die Flutsagen (Braunschweig, 1891); **Diestel Die Sintflut und die Flutsagen des Altertums@2 (Berlin 1876); *Woods Encyc. Religion and Ethics s.v. “Deluge”; **Winternitz Die Flutsagen des Altertums (Wien 1901); **Fischer Weltwenden: Die grossen Fluten in Sage und Wirklichkeit (Leipzig 1925); **Gerland Der Mythus von der Sintflut (Bonn 1912); **Usener Die Sintflutsagen untersucht (Bonn 1899); Ley Eiszeit (Anhang: Eiszeit u. Sintflut) (Erfurt 1928); *Riem Die Sintflut in Sage und Wissenschaft (Hamburg 1925); *F. von Schwarz Sintflut und Vцlkerwanderung (Stuttgart 1894); **Feilberg Skabelses og Syndflodssagn (1915); *Maria Alice Moura Pessoa A Bibliographic Study of the Deluge Myth in the Americas (MA Thesis, Columbia University 1948).--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 19, *Frazer Apollodorus I 55 n. 1, II 88 n. 2; Egyptian: Mьller 75f.; Persian: Carnoy 270; Hindu: Keith 105, Charpentier Kleine Beitrдge 34 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; Indo-Chinese: Scott 267, 278ff.; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 16 No. 8; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 361ff.--Indonesian: Dixon 178ff., 256f.; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 189; Melanesian: Cole. 119f.; Polynesian: ibid. 38; Samoan: ibid. 17; Australian: ibid 280; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 307, 314.--N. A. Indian (general): *Thompson Tales 286 n. 57, Alexander N. Am. 299 f. n. 49, also 177, 180, 203, 205 (Pima, Walapai, Sia, Hopi); Sinkyone: Kroeber JAFL XXXII 347; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 55; Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 637, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 452, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 48, (Northwest Canada): Pйtitot Traditions 2; Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 152f.; Mixtec: ibid. 87; S. Am. Indian (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 39, (Chibcha): ibid. 203, (Amazon tribes): ibid. 311, (Jivaro, Yugua): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 627, 736, (Cubeo): Goldman ibid. (3) 798, (Aymara): Tschopik ibid. (2) 571, (Zaparoans, Pebans): Steward ibid. (3) 532, (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 347, (Nambicuara): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 369, (Guaporй): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 379, (Caingang): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 473, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie ibid. (1) 397.--African: *Wagener 13ff.

A1010.1. A1010.1. Sun and moon do not shine during deluge. Jewish: Neuman.

A1010.2. A1010.2. Great flood lasts eight months. Maori: Beckwith Myth 316.

A1011. A1011. Local deluges. **Schmarsel Die Sage von der untergegangenen Stadt; *RTP XXVIII 27 and references to earlier volumes.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 81 n. 2; Jewish: Neuman.

A1011.1. A1011.1. Flood partially caused by breaking forth of springs. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1011.2. A1011.2. Flood caused by rising of river. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 170.

A1011.3. A1011.3. God’s promise never to destroy world by water does not apply to local floods. Jewish: Neuman.

A1012. A1012. Flood from fluids of the body.

A1012.1. A1012.1. Flood from tears. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 287 n. 57b; polynesian: Dixon 38 n. 117.

A1012.1.1. A1012.1.1. Flood from Adam’s tears of repentance. Dh I 223.

A1012.1.2. A1012.1.2. Flood from tears of grieving lover. N. Am. Indian (N‘tlaka’panaq): British Association for the Advancement of Science LXIX 574f.; S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Nordenskiцld Indianerleben 253f.

A1012.2. A1012.2. Flood from urine. *Jochelson JE VI 367 (Koryak, Eskimo, Athapascan Indians).

A1012.2.1. A1012.2.1. Flood caused by loosing fairy horse and allowing it to stale. Irish myth: Cross.

A1012.3. A1012.3. Flood from blood. American Indian (Mono): Gifford JAFL XXVI 306.

A1012.3.1. A1012.3.1. Flood from slain giant‘s blood. Icel.: Boberg.

A1013. A1013. Flood from belly. It flows from pierced belly of monster.--Indonesian: Dixon 196 n. 33; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 287 n. 57c.; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 127.

A1013.1. A1013.1. Vomiting of a whale causes flood. N. Am. Indian (Dйnй): Petitot Traditions (Paris 1886) 318f.

A1015. A1015. Flood caused by gods or other superior beings. (Cf. A1018.)--Babylonian: Jensen Gilgamesch Epos XI 53ff., 69ff.; Marquesas: Handy 109f.; S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 133, (Yuracare): ibid. 503.

A1015.1. A1015.1. Flood from conflict of gods. Sea god and rain god.--Cook Group: Dixon 39 n. 121, 122; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Campana Archivio per l’Antropologia et la Etnologia XXXII 22.

A1015.1.1. A1015.1.1. Flood from conflict of monsters (giant animals). S. Am. Indian (Araucanian): Cooper BBAE CXLIII (2) 753, (Aymara): Tschopik ibid. (2) 571, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 484.

A1015.2. A1015.2. Spirit causes deluge. Jegerlehner Oberwallis 299 No. 10.--S. Am. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434, (Guaporй River): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 379.

A1015.3. A1015.3. Flood caused by deity stamping on floor of heavens. Maori: Beckwith Myth 250, Clark 162.

A1016. A1016. Pseudo-scientific explanations of the flood. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684; Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 267.

A1016.1. A1016.1. Flood from animals‘ boring into ground (turtles, crawfishes, etc.). American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus No. 5.

A1016.2. A1016.2. Deluge produced by hot liquid which burns as it floods. American Indian (Salinan): Mason JAFL XXVII 163f., (Krawak): Ehrenreich Mythen und Legenden 49.

A1016.3. A1016.3. Flood caused by melting of ice after great spell of cold. N. Am. Indian (Dйnй): Petitot Traditions 373--378; S. Am. Indian (Gusinde): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 37.

A1016.4. A1016.4. Flood from broken calabashes of water. American Indian (Puerto Rico): Fewkes RBAE XXV 73f., (Carajб): Baldus Ensaios de Etnologia Brasileira 174, Lowie Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “flood”.

A1016.5. A1016.5. Making mountains out of flat earth causes flood. N. Am. Indian (Apache): Goddard PaAM XXIV 28f.

A1016.6. A1016.6. Moon falls into sea and causes flood by overflowing. S. Am. Indian (Fueginos): Coazzi Rev. Chil. Hist. Geogr. X 31.

A1016.7. A1016.7. Flood whenever shard at earth’s core moves. Jewish: Neuman.

A1017. A1017. Flood caused to satisfy emotional need.

A1017.1. A1017.1. Desire of man for sun causes flood. S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXXXIV 26.

A1017.2. A1017.2. Flood caused by prayer. Maori: Beckwith Myth 316.

A1017.3. A1017.3. Flood caused by curse. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

A1018. A1018. Flood as punishment. *Frazer Old Testament I 144--360; Spanish Exempla: Keller.--Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Fox 158; Babylonian: Spence 45f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1056.--Society Is.: Dixon 39 n. 120; Hawaiian, Maori, Marquesas: ibid. 40; N. Am. Indian (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 59, (Pomo): Angelo JAFL XLVI 241, (Wishosk): Kroeber JAFL XVIII 96, (Apache): Goddard PaAM XXIV 8, (Hopi): Voth FM VIII 53, (Zuсi): Benedict Zuсi Mythology I 10ff.; Caribbean (Cuan): Stewart BBAE CXLIII (4) 267; S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369, (Cubeo): Goldman JAFL LIII 244, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 29, (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315.--See also references to “Sintflut” in A1010 and A1015, where in nearly all cases the gods produce the flood as punishment.

A1018.1. A1018.1. Flood as punishment for breaking tabu. Fiji, Tahiti, Maori, Andaman: Beckwith Myth 316--319; S. Am. Indian (Toba, Mataco, Lengua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367.

A1018.2. A1018.2. Flood as punishment for incest. American Indian (Namba): Mьller Anthropos XXIX 186.

A1018.3. A1018.3. Flood brought as revenge for injury. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 318; N. Am. Indian (Carrier): Jennes JAFL XLVII 141ff., (Ts‘etsaut): Boas JAFL IX 262, (North Pacific Tribes): Boas Indianische Sagen 79, (Haida): Swanton BBAE XXIX 142, (Kwakiutl): Boas and Hunt JE III 100, (Mono): Gifford JAFL XXVI 326, (Shasta): Dixon JAFL XXIII 36, (Pima): Lloyd Aw-Aw-Tam 36ff., (Ojibwa): Jones-Michelson PAES VII 151, 271, (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 255--260, Hoffman RBAE XIV 133; Central and S. Am. Indian (Cahita): Beals BBAE CXLII 216f., (Bororo): Baldus Ensaios de Etnologia Brasileira 176ff., (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 133.

A1019. A1019. Deluge--miscellaneous.

A1019.1. A1019.1. Subsidence of earth beneath flood. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1019.2. A1019.2. Serpent king causes flood by damming rivers. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1019.3. A1019.3. Flood because earth has become too thickly populated. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1019.4. A1019.4. Flood puts out world-fire. (Cf. A1030.)--S. Am. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 133, (Tucuna): Nimuendajб ibid. 724, (Cubeo): Goldman JAFL LIII 244.

A1020. A1020. Escape from deluge.

A1021. A1021. Deluge: escape in boat (ark). *Dh I 258ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 324, Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Fox 19, Grote I 93; Hebrew: Genesis, ch. 6, 7, 8; Jewish: Moreno Esdras; Babylonian: Spence 173f.; Hindu: Keith 99; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1056; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 84; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 364.--Pelew Is. (Micronesia): Dixon 257; Maori: Beckwith Myth 316.--American Indian: *Thompson CColl II 452, (Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 637f., (Carrier): Jenness JAFL XLVII 141ff., (Chipewyan): Lowie PaAM X 195, (Coos): Frachtenberg CU I 45--49, (Kathlamet): Boas BBAE XXVI 23, (Nootka): Sapir JAFL XXXII 353ff., (Chimariko): Dixon UCal. V 304, (Salishan): Teit MAFLS XI 13, 132; (Crow): Lowie paAM XXV 16, (Cochiti): Benedict BBAE XCVIII 2ff., (White Mountain Apache): Goodwin MAFLS XXXIII 50ff., (Ojibwa): Radin JAFL XLI 70ff., (Choctaw): Bushnell AA n. s. XII 528f., (Shawnee): Spencer JAFL XXII 319, (Natchez): Swanton BBAE LXXXVIII 121, 214, (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 85f., (Arawak): ibid 273, (Carib): ibid. 39, (Mbaya): Muller Anthropos XXIX, (Mura): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 265, (Taulipang): Camara Cascudo Antologia de Folclore Brasileira 124ff. (These are only a selection of the American Indian references).

A1021.0.1. A1021.0.1. Persons excluded from Noah‘s ark build another ark and sail to Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A1021.0.2. A1021.0.2. Escape from deluge in wooden cask (drum). Chinese: Graham; S. A. Indian (Guaporй): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379.

A1021.0.3. A1021.0.3. Deluge: escape in gourd. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1021.0.4. A1021.0.4. Deluge: escape on floating tree. Korean: Zong in-Sob 16 No. 8.

A1021.0.5. A1021.0.5. Deluge: escape in hollow tree trunk. American Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 636ff., (Mexican): Bancroft Native Races of the Pacific States of America (New York 1874--76) III 66ff.

A1021.0.6. A1021.0.6. Deluge: escape on floating building. American Indian (Tlingit): Bancroft Native Races V 14, (Cahita): Beals BBAE CXLII 216f.

A1021.1. A1021.1. Pairs of animals in ark. Seed of all beings put into ark to escape destruction.--See references to “Sintflutsage” in A1010; also Dh I 267ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Hebrew: Genesis 6:19; Babylonian: Spence 175; Hindu: Keith 147.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 85f.

A1021.2. A1021.2. Bird scouts sent out from ark. *Dh I 283.--Irish myth: Cross; Hebrew: Genesis 8:7ff., Neuman; Babylonian: Spence 176.

A1022. A1022. Escape from deluge on mountain. Greek: Grote I 93; Hebrew: Genesis 8:4, Neuman; Hindu: Keith 99; India: Thompson-Balys.--Philippine: Dixon 179; Borneo: ibid. 180; West Caroline Is.: ibid. 257; Australian: ibid. 280; Polynesian: ibid 38 n. 118; Cook Group: ibid. 39 n. 121; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 215.--N. Am. Indian (Bella-Bella): Boas MAFLS XXV 1f., (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 232ff., (Luiseсo): Du Bois UCal VIII 157, (Shasta): Dixon JAFL XXIII 36, (Blackfoot): Wissler paAM II 19, (Chiricahua Apache): Opler MAFLS XXXVII 1f., (Zuсi): Benedict CU XXI 10ff.; S. Am. Indian (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 330, (Inca): ibid. 230, (Yunca, Peru): ibid. 230, (Caingang, Amazon): ibid. 312. (Only a selection of references for North and South America.).

A1023. A1023. Escape from deluge on tree. India: Thompson-Balys.--American Indian (Paiute): Steward UCal XXXIV 372, (Plains Cree): Skinner JAFL XXIX 350, (Fox): Jones JAFL XIV 233ff., (Catawba): Speck CU XXIV 23, (Ackawoi): Alexander Lat. Am. 270, (Caingang): ibid. 312, (Guayaki): Mйtraux-Baldus BBAE CXLIII (1) 444, (Maina): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 649.

A1024. A1024. Escape from deluge in cave. Andaman Is.: Beckwith Myth 319; American Indian (Cheyenne): Dorsey FM IX 36, (Arawak, Antis, Yuracare): Spence The Problem of Atlantis 95.

A1025. A1025. Escape from deluge on island. Society Is.: Dixon 39.

A1026. A1026. Escape from deluge on foot. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 84.

A1027. A1027. Rescue from deluge by fish. Hindu: Keith 75, 99.

A1028. A1028. Bringing deluge to end.

A1028.1. A1028.1. Trickster sticks spear in ground and leads water to sea, ending deluge. S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

A1028.2. A1028.2. Birds fill sea with dirt and overcome flood. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A1029. A1029. Escape from deluge--miscellaneous.

A1029.1. A1029.1. Marvelous tree survives deluge. Irish myth: Cross.

A1029.2. A1029.2. (Four) persons who, in four quarters of the world, survived the flood and thus preserved ancient tradition. Irish myth: Cross.

A1029.3. A1029.3. Escape from deluge in pot or jar. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 170, (Guarayu): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 438.

A1029.4. A1029.4. Flood: refuge in huge gourds with seven rooms in each. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1029.5. A1029.5. Escape from deluge in box or basket. American Indian (Thompson River): Teit JE VIII 230, (Apache): Gould JAFL XXXIV 319, Russell JAFL XI 253ff., (Guarayu): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 438, (Cubeo): Goldman ibid. (3) 798, (Chaco): Nordenskiцld Indianerleben 253f.

A1029.6. A1029.6. Survivors of flood establish homes. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 170f.

A1030. A1030. World-fire. A conflagration destroys the earth. Sometimes (as with the flood legends) the tradition is somewhat local and does not refer to an actual destruction of the whole earth; sometimes the fire marks the end of the world.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 483 s. v. “Weltbrand”, *Danske Studier (1913) 204ff.; *Eisler Weltenmantel und Himmelszelt 452.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 336ff., Boberg; Greek: Grote I 94; Lithuanian: Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 133f.; Jewish: Neuman; Babylonian: Meissner Babylonien und Assyrien II 118; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 368ff.; Hindu: Keith 105; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 84.--Maori: Dixon 47 n. 33; N. Am. Indian: *Thompson Tales 287 n. 57d.; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare, W. Brazil): Alexander Lat. Am. 313, (Araucanian): ibid. 330, (Chaco, Tupinamba, Apapocuva-Guarani, Tembй, Shipaya, Carajб, Mura, Cashinawa, Witoto, Arawak, Yuracare): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 36 (Mataco): ibid. 35, (Toba): ibid. 33, (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724, (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 347.

A1031. A1031. Causes of world-fire.

A1031.1. A1031.1. A “flame of fire swifter than a blast of wind” as punishment for the sin of the Irish. Irish myth: Cross.

A1031.2. A1031.2. World-fire after theft of fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1031.3. A1031.3. Evil demons set world on fire. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare, Tupinamba, Arawak): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 36.

A1031.4. A1031.4. Fall of sun causes world-fire. S. Am. Indian (Toba, Mataco, Lengua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367, (Mocovi): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 34.

A1031.4.1. A1031.4.1. All countries burned while the wife of sun god pours fire from a small bowl. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1031.5. A1031.5. World-fire because of man’s arrogance. African (Fang): Trilles 131.

A1031.6. A1031.6. Miscellaneous reasons for world-fire. S. Am. Indian (Witoto, Apapocuva-Guarani): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 36, (Toba): ibid. 19, (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 316.

A1035. A1035. Quenching the world-fire.

A1035.1. A1035.1. Rain invoked to destroy world-fire. Maori, Melanesian: Dixon 49.

A1035.2. A1035.2. Creator puts out world-fire with his staff. S. A. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 316.

A1036. A1036. Earth recreated after world-fire. S. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 282.

A1038. A1038. Men hide from world-fire and renew race. (Cf. A1006.1., A1045.)--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 47; India: Thompson-Balys.--S. Am. Indian (Toba, Arawak, Mura, Yuracare, Tupinamba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 34--36, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158; African (Fang): Trilles 133f.

A1039. A1039. World-fire--miscellaneous.

A1039.1. A1039.1. Vulture sent out as scout to see whether earth has cooled from world-fire. (Cf. A1021.2.).

A1040. A1040. Continuous winter destroys the race. Spoken of as “Fimbulwinter”. It ushers in the end of the world.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 479; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 336ff.; Persian: Carnoy 309.--S. Am. Indian (Toba, Pilagб, Tierra del Fuego): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 30, 37, (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CLXIII (1) 367.

A1045. A1045. One pair escapes continuous winter and renews race. (Cf. A1006.1, A1038.)--*Olrik Ragnarцk 479 s. v. “Fimbulwinter”.

A1046. A1046. Continuous world-eclipse. India: Thompson-Balys.--S. Am. Indian (Toba, Mocovi, Mataco, Choroti): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 131, (Guarani): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 33.

A1046.1. A1046.1. World-eclipse ended by bat making sun smile. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1050. A1050. Heavens break up at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 480 s. v. “Himmel”.

A1051. A1051. Behavior of stars at end of world.

A1051.1. A1051.1. Stars fall down at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 482 s. v. “Sterne”; Irish myth: Cross.

A1051.2. A1051.2. End of world when stars in one constellation overtake those in another. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 425.

A1052. A1052. Behavior of sun at end of world.

A1052.1. A1052.1. Sun devoured by monster at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 482 s.v. “Sonne”.

A1052.2. A1052.2. Sun shining at night as sign of Doomsday. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.1).

A1052.3. A1052.3. End of world when four (seven) suns appear in sky. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 157, II 566.

A1053. A1053. Behavior of moon at end of world.

A1053.1. A1053.1. Moon shining by day as sign of Doomsday. (Cf. A1002.) Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.2).

A1057. A1057. Seven days silence in whole universe at the end of the world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.10).

A1058. A1058. End of world when culture hero removes one of the world-props. S. Am. Indian (Guaranн): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93.

A1060. A1060. Earth-disturbances at end of world. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1061. A1061. Earth sinks into sea at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 479 s.v. “Erde”.

A1061.1. A1061.1. Earthquakes at the end of the world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.12).--S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158.

A1062. A1062. Mountains fall together at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 484 s. v. “Zusammenstьrzen”.

A1063. A1063. Water-disturbances at end of world.

A1063.1. A1063.1. Sea makes extraordinary noise and throws out fishes at end of world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.6).

A1063.2. A1063.2. Sea water mixes with fresh water at end of the world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.8).

A1065. A1065. Continuous drought at end of world. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 736; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171.

A1066. A1066. Sun will lock moon in deep ditch in earth‘s bottom and will eat up stars at end of world. Africa (Fang): Einstein 36.

A1067. A1067. Extraordinary wind at end of the world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.15).

A1068. A1068. Sun thrown on fire: period of darkness, rain. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 83.

A1069. A1069. Flow of molten metal at end of world. Persian: Carnoy 262.

A1070. A1070. Fettered monster’s escape at end of world. Giant, or monster, is fettered in depths of the earth. His movement causes earthquakes. When he succeeds in freeing himself from the fetters and escapes, the world will end.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 278, 478ff. s.v. “Erdbebenriese”, “Schlange”, “Raubtier”, “Ungeheuer”, Danske Studier (1913) 3ff.; Anholm Danske Studier (1904) 141; *Krohn Der gefangene Unhold; *Von der Leyen Der gefesselte Unhold.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: De la Saussaye 246; Lettish and Lithuanian: Gray 322; Persian: Carnoy 324; Babylonian: Spence 78.

A1070.1. A1070.1. Birth of monsters as sign at end of world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.7).

A1071. A1071. Fettering of underground monster. Gaster Thespis 160, 329.

A1071.1. A1071.1. Underground monster fettered by trick. Is persuaded to try on fetters. (Sometimes told of fettering Satan, who plays same role.)--*Type 803; *Olrik Ragnarцk 204ff., 248ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Lithuanian Legends of the Devil in Chains (Tautosakos Darbai III [1937] 321--331.)

A1071.2. A1071.2. Forging of chain for fettered monster. Smiths hit once in three or four times on the bare anvil. All of these blows go to forging chains for the monster (devil).--Olrik Ragnarцk 204ff., 248ff., 253 (Prometheus), 269 (Loki).

A1072. A1072. Form of fettered monster.

A1072.1. A1072.1. Fettered monster in human form. *Olrik Ragnarцk 83f.

A1072.2. A1072.2. Fettered monster as ferocious animal. *Olrik Ragnarцk 85, 481 s.v. “Erdbebenriese”.--S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93.

A1072.3. A1072.3. Fettered monster as snake. *Olrik Ragnarцk 84, 482 s. v. “Schlange”.

A1072.4. A1072.4. Fettered monster as dragon. Irish myth: Cross; Gaster Thespis 160, 329.

A1074. A1074. Fettered monster‘s captivity.

A1074.1. A1074.1. Monster fettered with sword just out of reach. If he reaches it he will free himself.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 136ff., 184ff., 225.

A1074.2. A1074.2. Fettered monster’s vain attempt to reach sword with man‘s help. Could he reach it he would escape.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 139ff., 185, 223ff.

A1074.3. A1074.3. Fettered monster questions visitor. He asks “Are lambs still being produced?” or the like; i.e. is nature still normal? He must remain fettered till he hears that nature’s laws no longer hold.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 149ff., 180ff.

A1074.4. A1074.4. Fettered monster preyed upon by vulture. Cf. Prometheus.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 151ff., 183f., 288.

A1074.5. A1074.5. Fettered monster kept just out of reach of water. The water is always drunk by vulture as he is ready to take it.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 151ff., 183f., 288.

A1074.6. A1074.6. Fettered monster vainly loosens his stake. Each time he loosens it, it is driven in the ground.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 186f., 289.

A1074.7. A1074.7. Fettered monster‘s weakened chains renewed by supernatural power. Are almost licked in two by dog but then renewed.--*Olrik Ragnarцk 152, 189ff., 217f., 289.

A1074.8. A1074.8. Fettered monster’s weakened chains renewed by stroke of a smith. (Cf. A1071.2.)--*Olrik Ragnarцk 152, 189ff., 217f., 289; Fb “smed” III 402a.

A1075. A1075. End of world heralded by coming of Antichrist, a gigantic destructive one-eyed monster. Irish myth: Cross.

A1075.1. A1075.1. Signs before the birth of Antichrist. Irish myth: Cross.

A1080. A1080. Battle at end of world. Armageddon.--Revelations 16:16; Fb “krig” II 296b.; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman, Moreno Esdras (N307.13).

A1080.1. A1080.1. Horse shall wade in blood at Armageddon. *Fb “hest” I 600a.

A1081. A1081. Battle of the gods at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 480 s.v. “Gцtterschlacht”.

A1082. A1082. Battle of gods and monster at end of world. Jewish: Neuman.

A1082.1. A1082.1. Battle of gods and giants at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 480 s.v. “Gцtterschlacht”.

A1082.2. A1082.2. Odin battles Fenris Wolf at end of world. (Cf. A1070.)--*Olrik Ragnarцk 479 s.v. “Fenris-wolf”.

A1082.2.1. A1082.2.1. Other gods battle Fenris wolf at end of world. Icel.: Boberg.

A1082.2.2. A1082.2.2. God battles hound of hell at end of world. Icel.: Boberg.

A1082.3. A1082.3. Thor battles Midgard serpent at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 481 s.v. “Midgardschlange”.

A1082.3.1. A1082.3.1. End of world to come at disease and death of snake encircling the world. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1082.4. A1082.4. God battles Leviathan at end of world. Jewish: Neuman.

A1082.5. A1082.5. God conquers Satan at end of world. Jewish: Neuman.

A1082.6. A1082.6. Battle of saints with Lucifer at end of world. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 781ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 133f.

A1082.7. A1082.7. Battle of angels with Leviathan and Behemoth at end of world. Jewish: Neuman.

A1084. A1084. Prophecy of defeat in battle as sign of end of the world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M324.1).

A1085. A1085. End of the gods. *Olrik Ragnarцk 51f.; Irish myth: Cross.

A1087. A1087. Monsters kill each other off at end of world. Jewish: Neuman.

A1090. A1090. World calamities and renewals: miscellaneous motifs.

A1091. A1091. Natural laws inoperative at end of world. *Olrik Ragnarцk 46ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Graham.

A1091.1. A1091.1. Three horses from dove‘s egg on last day. *Fb “hest” I 600a.

A1093. A1093. End of world announced by trumpet. *Olrik Ragnarцk 116ff.

A1095. A1095. The Messianic Age. Jewish: **Neuman.

A1097. A1097. Extraordinary man at end of the world. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (M307.16).

A1099. A1099. World calamities--additional motifs.

A1099.1. A1099.1. World destroyed by rain of stones. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1099.2. A1099.2. World devoured by ogre. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A1099.3. A1099.3. World turned topsy-turvy and eaten by an earthworm. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1100--A1199.

A1100--A1199. Establishment of natural order.

A1100. A1100. Establishment of natural order.

A1101. A1101. The four ages of the world. A development of the present order through four stages or periods, the golden, silver, bronze, and iron ages, or the like.--**Encyc. Religion and Ethics s.v. “Ages of the World”.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 17, Grote I 62; Hindu: Keith 105, Penzer IV 240 n. 1, VII 1 n. 5; Chinese: Ferguson 33.

A1101.1. A1101.1. Golden age. A former age of perfection.--Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 927ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: De la Saussaye 165, MacCulloch Eddic 327, 378 n. 49, Boberg; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 35 No. 8; Greek: Fox 105, Grote I 62; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 300, 305; Hindu: Keith 103; India: Thompson-Balys.--Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/50); Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 66; Carib: ibid 262; Ackawoi: ibid. 269.

A1101.1.1. A1101.1.1. Reign of peace and justice (under certain king). Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 377; Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 300, 305; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Ferguson 33.

A1101.1.2. A1101.1.2. Even trees could speak in golden age. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1101.1.3. A1101.1.3. Former age: spirits and ogres lived with men, and gods appeared in human guise. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1101.2. A1101.2. Reversal of nature in former age.

A1101.2.1. A1101.2.1. Formerly men plowed and cattle were their masters. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1101.2.2. A1101.2.2. Formerly men ate grass: cattle ate rice and pulse. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1101.2.3. A1101.2.3. Formerly men dumb: birds and animals talked. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1101.2.4. A1101.2.4. Formerly men could go safely beneath the sea. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/50).

A1102. A1102. Why powers of nature work on Sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

A1103. A1103. Nature transformed by God once in seven years. Jewish: Neuman.

A1110. A1110. Establishment of present order: waters.

A1111. A1111. Impounded water. Water is kept by monster so that mankind cannot use it. A hero defeats the monster and releases the water. (The monster is sometimes a giant frog.)--*Chauvin VI 3 No. 181, VII 132 No. 399.--Hindu: Keith 33 (guarded by dragon); India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Ferguson 155; Japanese: Anesaki 276.--Australian: Dixon 279, 297; Papua: Ker 25; Baining of New Britain: ibid. III; Samoan, Melanesian: ibid 38 n. 109, 110.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 293 n. 76, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 201, 203; S. Am. Indian (Bacairi, Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 313, (Botocudo): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 540, (Caingang): Lowie ibid. (1) 397, (Bolivia, Peru): Jijena Sanchez Perro Negro 134.--Africa: Stanley 8, (Basuto): Jacottet 148 No. 21, 154 No. 22 cf. 8 No. 1, (Hottentot): Bleek 27 No. 14, (Ekoi): Talbot 144, 197, (Ababua): Einstein 101.

A1113. A1113. God promises never again to destroy world by water. Jewish: Neuman.

A1115. A1115. Why the sea is salt. New Guinea: Ker 25; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43.

A1115.1. A1115.1. Why the sea is salt: because of wrecked salt ship.--Fb “hav” I 565b, IV 203a.--Dutch: Volkskunde XVII 23.

A1115.2. A1115.2. Why the sea is salt: magic salt mill. Stolen by sea-captain, who takes it aboard and orders it to grind. It will stop only for its master; ship sinks and mill keeps grinding salt.--*Type 565; *BP II 438ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 283; cf. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 108.

A1115.3. A1115.3. Why the sea is salt: heavy rain showers on ashes of wood burnt by primeval fire. S. Am. Indian (Tupi): Ehrenreich 16, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 133.

A1116. A1116. Origin of sea-waves.

A1116.1. A1116.1. Sea-waves are (manes of) sea-god’s horses. Irish myth: Cross.

A1117. A1117. Origin of foam on waters. West Indian: Parsons JAFL XXXII 443.

A1118. A1118. Origin of swirling motion of water. Animals and birds scratch in it.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 283f.; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 4 No. 7, XXXIII 51 No. 7; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 140 No. 5; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 81 No. 6.

A1119. A1119. Establishment of present order: waters--miscellaneous.

A1119.1. A1119.1. Why sea is blue. New Guinea: Ker 25.

A1119.2. A1119.2. Why sea waters are warm: kept so by Leviathan. Jewish: Neuman.

A1119.3. A1119.3. Origin of sea‘s unpleasant odor. Jewish: Neuman.

A1120. A1120. Establishment of present order: winds. Jewish: Neuman; India. Thompson-Balys.--Tonga: Gifford 16; Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 269ff.; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 224.

A1121. A1121. Breathing of deity (spirit) causes winds. Chinese: Werner 77; Maori: Clark 19; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 175, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 267; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 28.

A1122. A1122. Cave of winds. Winds originally confined in caves.--Roman: Virgil Aeneid I lines 52 ff.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 457.--Maori: Dixon 55; Western Mono: Gifford JAFL XXXVI 328 No. 9.

A1122.1. A1122.1. Hole of winds: stopper destroyed. The hole is stopped with a wooden stopper, which is destroyed. The country dries up.--Chauvin II 110 No. 75.

A1122.2. A1122.2. Wind a bird dwelling in mountain-hole. Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 107.

A1122.3. A1122.3. Lost wind found in hollow tree: has been banished and is needed by men. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1122.4. A1122.4. Wind comes through holes in sky when gut covering is cut. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 498.

A1123. A1123. Winds as children of titans (giants). Greek: Grote I 6.

A1125. A1125. Winds caused by flapping wings. A giant bird causes the wind with his wings. The wings are cut by the culture hero so that the bird cannot flap so hard.--Gaster Thespis 158; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 276; Babylonian: Spence 117; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 292 n. 74; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 39ff. No. 5.

A1125.1. A1125.1. Wind caused by flapping of ears of giant. Peigan: Uhlenbeck Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenshappen XIII (1) 64.

A1126. A1126. Wind caused by wind-god’s movements. When the son of the wind lies down, the wind blows.--Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 101ff.

A1127. A1127. Winds of the four quarters established. Winnebago, Omaha: Alexander N. Am. 99; Quileute: Farrand-Meyer JAFL XXXII 271 No. 13.

A1127.1. A1127.1. Effect of the four winds on weather. Jewish: Neuman.--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 224; Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 372.

A1127.1.1. A1127.1.1. North wind tempers fury of south wind. Jewish: Neuman.

A1127.1.2. A1127.1.2. South wind causes heat and hurricanes. Jewish: Neuman.

A1127.2. A1127.2. Gentle west wind said to be exhausted from fleeing deity. Maori: Clark 46.

A1128. A1128. Regulation of winds. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1128.1. A1128.1. Angels‘ wings protect earth from winds. Jewish: Neuman.

A1128.2. A1128.2. When wind-spirit is awake it storms; asleep, it is calm. Tonga: Gifford 53.

A1129. A1129. Establishment of present order: winds--miscellaneous.

A1129.1. A1129.1. Colors of winds. Irish myth: Cross.

A1129.1.1. A1129.1.1. Creator establishes twelve winds, each a different color. Irish myth: Cross.

A1129.2. A1129.2. Origin of monsoon: from chewed skin and spit of pair of divine friends eating guavas. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1129.3. A1129.3. Wind is blind. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1130. A1130. Establishment of present order: weather phenomena.

A1130.1. A1130.1. Angels set over clouds, winds, and rains. Jewish: Neuman.

A1130.2. A1130.2. Origin of storms in sixth heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

A1131. A1131. Origin of rain. India: Thompson-Balys; Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 113.

A1131.0.1. A1131.0.1. Regulation of rains. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A1131.0.2. A1131.0.2. Why it rains most in the hills. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1131.1. A1131.1. Rain from tears. Jewish: Neuman; Ekoi: Talbot 344; Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 448; Maori: Clark 19.

A1131.1.1. A1131.1.1. Rain from urine. Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 61, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600, (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 100; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 142.

A1131.2. A1131.2. Rainy weather sent by saint as punishment. *Dh II 176ff.

A1131.3. A1131.3. Rain from sea in upper world. Fb “hav” IV 203a.--Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 81; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 26, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.

A1131.4. A1131.4. Rain from container in sky. Gaster Thespis 192; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600, (East Greenland): Holm 95; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco, Ashluslay): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.

A1131.4.1. A1131.4.1. Rain kept in waterskin dragged along sky floor. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1131.5. A1131.5. Rain from rain-god (rain spirit). See all references to A287.--Greek: Fox 159 (Zeus); S. Am. Indian (Toba, Chamacoco, Mataco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, MAFLS XL 26f.

A1131.6. A1131.6. Rain shed by stars. Gaster Thespis 212.

A1132. A1132. Origin of dew. Knoop Zs. f. Vksk. XXII 89; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 331ff.; Jewish: Neuman.

A1133. A1133. Origin of clouds. Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 19; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 97; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 79; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.

A1133.1. A1133.1. Origin of clouds from Ymir’s brain. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325f., Boberg.

A1133.2. A1133.2. Origin of clouds: creator ornaments the sky with clouds so that the mountains are sometimes shaded. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1133.3. A1133.3. Clouds as smoke rising to sky. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 26f.

A1133.4. A1133.4. Clouds as God‘s shield. Jewish: Neuman.

A1134. A1134. Origin of mist (fog). India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 176.

A1135. A1135. Origin of wintry weather.

A1135.1. A1135.1. Origin of cold in winter.

A1135.1.1. A1135.1.1. Origin of cold: sun turns fiery face upward. Jewish: Neuman.

A1135.2. A1135.2. Origin of snow. Irish myth: Cross; Flemish: De Meyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 9b; Jewish: Neuman.--Eskimo (West Greenland): Rasmussen II 33, Rink 44.

A1135.2.1. A1135.2.1. Snow from feathers or clothes of a witch (Frau Holle).--*Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 119 n. 5; *Fb “sne” III 427b.

A1135.3. A1135.3. Origin of frost. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 22; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1135.4. A1135.4. Origin of hail. S. Am. Indian (Aymara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 571.

A1137. A1137. Causes of hot weather: God bores hole in hell. Jewish: Neuman.

A1141. A1141. Origin of lightning. Jewish: Neuman.--Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 113; Liberia: Bundy JAFL XXXII 422f.; Nootka: Sapir JAFL XXXII 354; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 61, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 175, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600.

A1141.1. A1141.1. Lightning as fiery snake. Siberian, Finnish: Holmberg Siberian 445.

A1141.2. A1141.2. Lightning from flashing sword. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1141.3. A1141.3. Lightning from heavenly horses striking hoofs against stars. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1141.4. A1141.4. Lightning as god‘s whip. Gaster Thespis 157; Jewish: Neuman.

A1141.5. A1141.5. Lightning as God’s messenger. Jewish: Neuman.

A1141.6. A1141.6. Lightning produced by deity. Greek: Grote I 8; Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 168.

A1141.7. A1141.7. Lightning from fire. S. Am. Indian (Chorotн, Lengua, Ashluslay): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 132.

A1141.7.1. A1141.7.1. Lightning as torches of invisible dancers. Africa (Fang): Trilles 174.

A1141.8. A1141.8. Origin of lightning--other motifs. S. Am. Indian (Toba, Mataco, Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 27f., (Huamachuco): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151.

A1142. A1142. Origin of thunder. *Blinkenberg The Thunderweapon in Religion and Folklore (Cambridge 1911); *Saintyves Pierres magiques (Paris 1936); Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 82 No. 9a.; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.--Cook Group: Dixon 88; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 175, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 62; Nootka: Sapir JAFL XXXII 354; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683f.; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 97, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 113, Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 422f.

A1142.0.1. A1142.0.1. Origin of thunderbolt. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1142.1. A1142.1. Creator‘s (deity’s) voice makes thunder. Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 77.

A1142.2. A1142.2. Thunder from flying dragon. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 440.

A1142.3. A1142.3. Persons escape to sky and become thunder. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 96; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177.

A1142.4. A1142.4. Origin of thunder clouds: from wings of mountains. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1142.5. A1142.5. Thunder is sound of God‘s gun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1142.5.1. A1142.5.1. Thunder caused by God beating his weapon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1142.5.1.1. A1142.5.1.1. Thunder from crashing of stones in moon as goddess beats tapa. Samoa: Clark 121.

A1142.5.1.2. A1142.5.1.2. Thunder from thunder-spirit beating his children. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.

A1142.6. A1142.6. Cause of thunder: sounds of the horses’ hoofs as gods play ball. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1142.6.1. A1142.6.1. Thunder from clashing weapons of warring spirits in sky. S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 26.

A1142.7. A1142.7. Thunder from deity separating the winds which try to unite. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1142.8. A1142.8. Thunder is noise of waterskin which rain-god drags along sky floor. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1142.9. A1142.9. Thunder made by giants in sky. Greek: Grote I 5, 8, 12, (Cyclops).

A1142.9.1. A1142.9.1. Thunder the drums of dead. Africa (Fang): Trilles 174.

A1145. A1145. Cause of earthquakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1145.1. A1145.1. Earthquakes from movements of subterranean monster. (Cf. A844).--*Encyc. Religion and Ethics I 491b; *Olrik Ragnarцk 278; Icel.: De la Saussaye 264.--Greek: Fox 211 (Poseidon); Jewish: Neuman; Egyptian: Mьller 104; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 311f.; Armenian: Ananikian 93; India: Thompson-Balys.--S. Am. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908.

A1145.2. A1145.2. Earthquakes from movements of sea-monster. Irish myth: Cross.

A1147. A1147. Origin of stormy sky.

A1147.1. A1147.1. Origin of red sky (blood). Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 448; Tahiti: Henry 339.

A1148. A1148. Origin of tornado sunsets; i.e., peculiar sunsets foreboding tornadoes.--Ekoi: Talbot 364.

A1150. A1150. Determination of seasons. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 87 n. 3; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 60, (Ojibwa): Jones JAFL XXIX 372, Carson JAFL XXX 493, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 226, 246, (Naskapi): Speck JAFL XXVIII 76.

A1150.1. A1150.1. Establishment of times for sowing and reaping. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1151. A1151. Theft of the seasons. Certain seasons are lacking. A culture hero steals the season from a monster and brings it to his people.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 60a.

A1152. A1152. Boneless man turned over to produce seasons. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 276 n. 16.

A1153. A1153. Seasons produced by marriage of North and South. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 61.

A1154. A1154. Genealogy of summer and winter. Icel.: Boberg.

A1155. A1155. Why days lengthen in spring. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 9d.

A1156. A1156. Why days shorten in autumn: the real sun sets very early because the red cockscomb plant, used to kill his brother sun with, grows to its full height during this time.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1157. A1157. Causes of seasons--deities push sun back and forth at solstices. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 119.

A1160. A1160. Determination of the months. Jewish: Neuman.--Ojibwa: Carson JAFL XXX 493.

A1161. A1161. February‘s shortage of days. Days stolen by January and March.--*Kцhler-Bolte I 380f.; Destriche RTP II 53; Gaidoz Mйlusine VII No. 11 (with references to earlier numbers); Shaineanu Romania XVIII 107.

A1170. A1170. Origin of night and day. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1171. A1171. Origin of day.

A1171.1. A1171.1. Opening of creator‘s eyes creates day. (Cf. A0.)--Chinese: Werner 78.

A1171.2. A1171.2. Windows in firmament shed light. Irish myth: Cross.

A1171.3. A1171.3. Angels of the day: Jewish: Neuman.

A1171.4. A1171.4. Origin of day: son of the night and the dawn. Icel.: Boberg.

A1172. A1172. Determination of night and day. After much discussion, the relative length of these divisions is determined.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark 43, 46; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 289 n. 62; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683; African (Fang): Einstein 169.

A1172.1. A1172.1. Regulation of sunshine. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1172.2. A1172.2. Wallet containing night and day. Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bissac”.

A1172.3. A1172.3. Night and day have steeds and chase each other. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 200.

A1174. A1174. Origin of night. India: Thompson-Balys; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 205.

A1174.1. A1174.1. Night (darkness) in package. Released.--Munderucъ: Alexander Lat. Am. 310; Arawak, Carib, Surinam: ibid. 274.

A1174.2. A1174.2. Why some nights are dark and some light. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1174.3. A1174.3. Purchase of night. Originally no night. Culture hero goes to distant land and buys it. He introduces sleep, etc. Cock to crow for day. (Cf. B755, J2272.1.).--Banks Is.: Dixon 113.

A1174.3.1. A1174.3.1. Night stolen and kept in jar. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683.

A1174.4. A1174.4. Night caused by deity wrapping himself in dark mantle. Maori: Clark 17, 21.

A1177. A1177. Why sun shines on Saturday (Friday). *Dh II 30.--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 9c; Jewish: Neuman.

A1178. A1178. Origin of “yesterday” and “today.” India: Thompson-Balys.

A1179. A1179. Origin of night and day--miscellaneous.

A1179.1. A1179.1. Origin of twilight.

A1179.1.1. A1179.1.1. Twilight reflection of fires of hell. Jewish: Neuman.

A1179.2. A1179.2. Origin of dawn.

A1179.2.1. A1179.2.1. Dawn reflection of roses of paradise. Jewish: Neuman.

A1180. A1180. Establishment of present order--miscellaneous motifs.

A1181. A1181. Determination of world center. By reaching to its ends.--N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 223.

A1182. A1182. Determination of world quarters. The four cardinal points.--Yuma: N. Curtis Craftsman XVI 560.

A1185. A1185. Wings cut from flying mountains. In beginning mountains have wings. They are cut off by thunderbolt.--Hindu: Penzer VI 3 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1186. A1186. Measuring the world. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1187. A1187. Creator appoints a chief for each class of created things: Lucifer for demons, Sion for mountains, etc.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1191. A1191. All things receive names. Chinese: Graham; Jewish: Neuman.

A1195. A1195. Origin of echo. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 172.

A1196. A1196. Why salt disappeared from forests. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A1200--A1699.

A1200--A1699. CREATION AND ORDERING OF HUMAN LIFE

A1200--A1299.

A1200--A1299. Creation of man.

A1200. A1200. Creation of man. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 460 s.v. “Anthropogonie”; *DeCock Volkssage, 146ff.; *Basset RTP XVIII 542 and references to earlier volumes.--Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 34 No. 6; Jewish: *Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 371ff.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 283 n. 49, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 94; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XI 338, (N. Alaska and Mackenzie River): Jenness 80, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 167; Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 163.

A1201. A1201. Man created to rule the earth. Africa (Fang): Trilles 131.

A1205. A1205. Unacceptable gods as first inhabitants of earth. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 60.

A1210. A1210. Creation of man by creator. *Dh I 89.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: *Grote I 71; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3030; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 81.--Maori: Dixon 23, 26; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 312; Hawaiian, Tahitan: Dixon 26; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 92; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ ibid. 724; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 105, (Ibo of Nigeria): Basden 282, (Ekoi): Talbot 373.

A1211. A1211. Man made from creator’s body. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1211.0.1. A1211.0.1. Man springs into existence from deity’s body by his mere thinking. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1211.1. A1211.1. Man from dirt mixed with creator‘s blood. Eitrem Opferritus und Voropfer der Griechen und Rцmer (Skrifter Akad. Oslo 1914 No. 1 426).--Gaster Oldest Stories 69; Babylonian: Spence 81.--New Britain: Dixon 107 (figures drawn on ground and sprinkled with creator’s blood).

A1211.2. A1211.2. Man from sweat of creator. Dh I 113; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 33.--Persian: Carnoy 293.

A1211.3. A1211.3. Man from spittle of creator. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 32; Oceanic: Dixon 24.

A1211.3.1. A1211.3.1. Being made from spittle of the gods. Icel.: De la Saussaye 233.

A1211.4. A1211.4. Man made from creator‘s eye. Egyptian: Mьller 70ff.

A1211.5. A1211.5. Man made from dirt rubbed from creator’s (hero‘s) body. (Cf. A833). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1211.5.1. A1211.5.1. Man made from broken off toenail of creator. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A1211.6. A1211.6. Primeval human pair spring from two drops of urine of creator (woman from half-drop). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1211.7. A1211.7. First man the result of maid having licked semen-stained loin cloth of creator’s teacher. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1211.8. A1211.8. Primeval crab pulls first five living creatures out of his side. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1212. A1212. Man created in creator‘s image. Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43.

A1215. A1215. Man originates from god who comes to earth. West Caroline Is.: Dixon 250.

A1216. A1216. Man as offspring of creator. Greek: Fox 11.--India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 156, 167, Voorhoeve Overzicht 64.

A1216.1. A1216.1. Mankind from masturbation of creator with earth. (Cf. A615.1.) Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 314.

A1217. A1217. Devil’s unsuccessful attempt to vivify his creations as God has done. Succeeds only in making animal.--Dh I 90ff., 156ff.; *Fb “menneske” II 578a.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 4, 39, 41, 149; Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 61; Maidu: Dixon BAM XVII 39ff. No. 1.

A1217.1. A1217.1. Rebel angels oppose creation of man. Jewish: *Neuman.

A1218. A1218. Man created by co-operation of the gods. *BP III 54.--Icel.: De la Saussaye 263, MacCulloch Eddic 327; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 39; Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Fox 15.

A1220. A1220. Creation of man through evolution. Hawaiian: Dixon 15f.; Samoan: ibid. 18, 28; Maori: ibid. 27.

A1220.1. A1220.1. Progressive degeneration to present race of men. Greek: *Grote I 64.

A1221. A1221. Mankind from unusual primeval mating. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1221.1. A1221.1. Mankind begotten by giant‘s two feet. He touches one foot with the other and begets progeny.--Icel.: De la Saussaye 342 (Ymir).

A1221.2. A1221.2. Mankind from “Peace and Quiet fructified by Light.” Hawaiian: Dixon 16.

A1221.3. A1221.3. Mankind from mating of pairs of reeds. Igorot (Luzon): Dixon 176.

A1221.4. A1221.4. Mankind from mating of tree and vine. Borneo: Dixon 159; Samoan: ibid. 164 n. 37.

A1221.5. A1221.5. Mankind from mating of frog and “daughter of fire.” Africa: Bouvergnes 33, 40.

A1221.6. A1221.6. Mankind from human-animal mating. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 88.

A1222. A1222. Mankind originates from eggs. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 89 No. 49; India: Thompson-Balys; Oceanic: Dixon 109 (Fiji, Torres Straits, Admiralty Is.), 109 n. 17 (Polynesia, Indonesia, Micronesia), 160 (Sumatra), 169f. (Indonesia), Handy 125 (Marquesas); S. Am. Indian (Jivaro): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148, (Mbaya): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367.

A1224. A1224. Descent of man from animals. *Lang Myth I 179, 184; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 465; *Frazer Old Testament I 33ff.--Australian: Van Gennep Mythes et lйgendes d’Australie 2f., 8f.; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 374; Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 168, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 261, (Greenland): Rink 471, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 85, (W. Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 359, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 482, (Mackenzie River): Jenness RCanAE XIII 81; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 104.

A1224.0.1. A1224.0.1. Mankind is descended from marriage of human being and animal. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 482, cf. Thompson Tales n. 2; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A1224.1. A1224.1. Mankind descended from tadpoles. Wa (Indo-Chinese): Scott Indo-Chinese 293.

A1224.2. A1224.2. Mankind descended from worms or larvae. Eastern Indonesian: Dixon 169; Tonga: Gifford 15f.; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.

A1224.3. A1224.3. Woman created from dog‘s tail. Eve.--*Dh I 114ff.; *Bolte Zs f. Vksk. XI 255 n. 3; Polнvka ibid. XVI 212.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VII 5 No. 11, XXXIII 52 No. 11; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 140 No. 10; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 82 No. 17; Flemish: DeMeyer XXXVII 83 No. 11; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 36ff., 52, 65.

A1224.4. A1224.4. Mankind born from a cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1224.5. A1224.5. Descent of men from monkeys. Chinese: Graham.

A1224.5.1. A1224.5.1. Men are monkeys who have lost their tails. Chinese: Graham.

A1224.6. A1224.6. Mankind descended from fish. S. Am. Indian (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII 93, 294.

A1224.7. A1224.7. Creation of man by creator from ants. He commands them to become men.--Greek: Fox 11.

A1225. A1225. First men undeveloped. Rudimentary and amorphous, gradually assume present shape.--Arunta: Dixon 272; Borneo: ibid. 159; Society Is.: ibid. 29, 164; Nias Is., Samoan: ibid. 164 n. 35, 36.

A1225.1. A1225.1. First couple organically united. Like Siamese twins. (Cf. A1275.2.)--Jewish: Neuman.--S. Am. Indian (Chaco): Alexander Lat. Am. 322, (Lengua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 267.

A1225.2. A1225.2. Man originally without hands and feet. Boy steals them from Python, and afterward men have them.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 376.

A1225.2.1. A1225.2.1. Man given hands, feet, mouth and nose by monkey. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 68.

A1226. A1226. Man created after series of unsuccessful experiments. Greek: *Grote I 62; Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 163ff.; Cakchiquel: ibid. 180; Banks Is.: Beckwith Myth 61.

A1226.1. A1226.1. Creator makes man out of butter first; it would not stand up and melted. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1227. A1227. Different types of men produced from one original type. Jewish: Neuman.

A1230. A1230. Emergence or descent of first man to earth.

A1231. A1231. First man descends from sky. *Lang Myth I 75; India: *Thompson-Balys; German New Guinea: Dixon 111; Northern Australia: ibid. 274; Kei Is. (Indonesia): ibid. 156; Eastern Indonesian: ibid. 167.--N. A. Indian: Krickeberg Indianermдrchen aus Nordamerika 10; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 517; Carib: Alexander Lat. Am. 38; S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315, (Yagua): Steward-Mйtraux ibid. (3) 736, (Warrau): Kirchoff ibid. (3) 880, (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 347, (Tiatinagua): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 448, (Toba, Mataco): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 367, Mйtraux MAFLS XL 21f., 101.--African: Werner African 152.

A1231.1. A1231.1. Mankind from featherless bird sent from sky. Sumatra: Dixon 169.

A1232. A1232. Mankind ascends from under the earth. (Cf. A1631.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--S. Am. Indian (Chaco, Pampean): Alexander Lat. Am. 322, (Tereno, Caduveo, Mbaya): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367, (Inca): Rowe ibid. (2) 315, (Munderucъ): Horton ibid. (3) 281, (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux ibid. (3) 550, (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25; N. Am. Indian (Zuсi): *Benedict 337.

A1232.1. A1232.1. Mankind from bones of dead brought from underworld. Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 90.

A1232.2. A1232.2. Mankind emerges from lake. A woman and boy. They marry and populate earth.--Chibcha (with reference to other South American tribes): Alexander Lat. Am. 199.

A1232.2.1. A1232.2.1. Mankind emerges from water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1232.3. A1232.3. Mankind emerges from caves. India: Thompson-Balys; Haitian: Alexander Lat. Am. 30; S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 317, (Aymara): Tschopik ibid. (2) 571, (Araucanian): Cooper ibid. (2) 753, (Yuracare): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 503, (Mbaya): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 367, (Tiatinagua): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 449, (Caduveo): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 106; African: Werner African 147.

A1232.3.1. A1232.3.1. Mankind emerges from a pit. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1234. A1234. Mankind emerges from ground. Greek: *Grote I 177; Australian: Dixon Oc. Myth. 271; Papuan (British New Guinea): ibid. 110; Indonesian: ibid. 169 n. 79--81; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 312; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 47; African: Werner African 147.

A1234.1. A1234.1. Earth as virgin mother of Adam. *Denk Zs. f. Vksk. XII 352.

A1234.1.1. A1234.1.1. Primeval human pair spring from womb of Mother Earth. (Cf. A1270.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1234.2. A1234.2. Mankind emerges from mountain. Pijaos (Colombia): Alexander Lat. Am. 200.

A1234.3. A1234.3. Spontaneous generation. Scientists find child on deserted island. They suggest that he has emerged from the ground. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

A1234.4. A1234.4. Earth gives birth to woman. Chinese: Graham.

A1236. A1236. Mankind emerges from tree. (Cf. A1251.)--Indonesian: Dixon 168f.; Papuan (British New Guinea): ibid. 110; Sumatra: ibid 160.--S. Am. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880, (Chamacoco): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 367; African: Werner African 145f.

A1236.1. A1236.1. Mankind emerges from buds on trees. Nias Is.: Dixon 167; Sumatran: ibid. 160.

A1236.2. A1236.2. Tribes emerge from melon. Lao, Wa (Indo-China): Scott Indo-Chin. 286, 289.

A1240. A1240. Man made from mineral substance.

A1241. A1241. Man made from clay (earth). *Dh I 89-III passim; Barton JAOS XXXIX 287; *Frazer Old Testament I 3--29.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 51 n. 5, Fox 10f., 13, 208; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer III 59; Babylonian: Spence 86; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 373; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 114ff.--Polynesian (Maori, Hawaii, Tahiti, Society Is., Marquesas): Dixon 24--26; Indonesian: ibid. 172ff. n. 96--100, 104--106; Australian: ibid. 273; Marquesas: Handy 122f.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 44ff.; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 315.--Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 454; N. A. Indian: Krickeberg Indianermдrchen 267, 307, 321f., (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 56; S. Am. Indian (Lengua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367, (Apapocuva-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 136; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 85; Quichй: ibid. 163.

A1241.1. A1241.1. Man made from piece of clay thrown on ground. Babylonian: Spence 162.

A1241.2. A1241.2. Man made from sand sprinkled with water. Muzo (Colombia): Alexander Lat. Am. 200.

A1241.3. A1241.3. Man made from clay image and vivified. (Cf. A1241.2, A1252.1.)--Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 4, 34f.; Jewish: *Neuman, Moreno Esdras; Indonesian: Dixon 172ff.; Banks Is., New Hebrides: ibid. 107; Hawaii: *Beckwith Myth 43--46; S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315, (Yuracare): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 504; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 94.

A1241.4. A1241.4. Man made from earth reddened with blood of human sacrifice. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1241.4.1. A1241.4.1. Man from clay and animal’s blood. Africa (Loango): pechuлl-Loesche 267.

A1241.5. A1241.5. Man made of earth brought from four different places. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1245. A1245. Man created from stones. Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 463.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 55 n. 2; Fox 11.--Nauru (Pleasant Is.): Dixon 252; Tongan, Samoan, Melanesian: ibid. 158; Indonesian: Kruyt Het Animisme 469.--Central American: Van Cappelle Mythen en Sagen uit West Indiл 19; S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315, (Paressi): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 359.

A1245.1. A1245.1. New race from stones thrown over head after deluge. (Cf. A1254.1.).--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 55 n. 2, Fox 19.

A1245.2. A1245.2. Mankind from vivified stone image. (Cf. A1241.3, A1252.1.).--Indonesian: Dixon 174.

A1245.3. A1245.3. Mankind from cleft rock. Formosa: Dixon 170; Gilbert Is.: ibid. 251.

A1245.4. A1245.4. Mankind from salty stone (ice block) licked by cow. (Audhumla).--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 63, 324, Boberg.

A1245.5. A1245.5. Man born from mountains. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1246. A1246. Mankind originates from shell. New Hebrides: Dixon 110.

A1247. A1247. Mankind originates from metals. Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 85.

A1250. A1250. Man made from vegetable substance.

A1251. A1251. Creation of man from tree. (Cf. A1236, A1275.6.)--Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 461, 955; Holmberg Baum 69; BP III 54.--Icel.: Herrmann Nordische Mythologie 579, MacCulloch Eddic 327f., Boberg; Greek: Fox 11; Hindu: Berguigne La religion vйdique I 100.--Australian: Dixon 274; Island of Nieue: ibid. 30; Melanesian: ibid. 106; Solomon Is.: ibid. 110; Ceram, Amboina, Formosa, Borneo, Nias: ibid. 168; Indonesian: Voorhoeve Overzicht 65, Kruyt Het Animisme 465.--Central American: Van Cappelle 18; S. Am. Indian (Tembй): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 140.

A1252. A1252. Creation of man from wood. Borneo: Dixon 174f.; S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 360.

A1252.1. A1252.1. Mankind from vivified wooden image. (Cf. A1241.3, A1245.2)--Indonesian: Dixon 172ff.; Admiralty Is., Banks Is.: ibid. 106; India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Bacairi, Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 312.

A1253. A1253. Creation of man from fruit (nut).

A1253.1. A1253.1. Creation of man from fruit.

A1253.1.1. A1253.1.1. Creation of man from fig. S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 108.

A1253.1.2. A1253.1.2. First man born from apple. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 90 No. 49.

A1253.2. A1253.2. Creation of man from nut.

A1253.2.1. A1253.2.1. Creation of woman from coconut. The first man throws a coconut on the ground and thus creates the first woman.--New Britain: Dixon 107f.

A1253.2.2. A1253.2.2. Men from long nuts, women from short ones. S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 108.

A1254. A1254. Man created from seeds. Burmese: Scott Indo-Chin. 281; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 450; Isthmian tribes (Panama): Alexander Lat. Am. 193; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.

A1254.1. A1254.1. New race from seeds thrown over head after deluge. (Cf. A1245.1., A1006.)--Tamanac (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 271.

A1255. A1255. Man made from plant. Sulka (New Britain): Dixon 130, 132 n. 2.

A1255.1. A1255.1. Man from sugar-cane stalks. Solomon Is., New Britain: Dixon 110.

A1255.2. A1255.2. Man from ears of corn. Navaho: Alexander N. Am. 158.

A1256. A1256. Man made from herb. Tunja (Colombia): Alexander Lat. Am. 200.

A1256.1. A1256.1. Man made from grass. Hindu: Penzer IV 128.--Ata (Mindanao): Dixon 176.

A1260. A1260. Mankind made from miscellaneous materials. Indonesian: Dixon 176.

A1260.1. A1260.1. Man made from combination of different objects. Grimm Deutsche Mythologie I 468ff.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 371.

A1260.1.1. A1260.1.1. Man made of four elements. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1260.1.2. A1260.1.2. Man made of substances from eight different sources. Irish myth: Cross.

A1260.1.3. A1260.1.3. Adam’s body made of eight (four) things. Body, earth; bones, stones; veins, roots; blood, water; hair, grass; thoughts, wind; spirit, clouds--or warmth, fire; cold, air; dryness, earth; instability, water.--*Dh I 111ff.; Kцhler-Bolte II 1ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 326f.; Siberian: *Holmberg Siberian 376.

A1260.1.4. A1260.1.4. Seven substances employed in composition of human body. Jewish: Neuman.

A1260.1.5. A1260.1.5. Man made of clay with bones of stone, with blood of water and with vines for veins. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1261. A1261. Man made from water. Greek: Fox 10; Jewish: Neuman.

A1261.1. A1261.1. Man created from sea-foam. *Dh I 18f., cf. 23.

A1261.2. A1261.2. Man created from egg formed from sea-foam. Minahassa (Celebes): Dixon 157.

A1262. A1262. Man created from sweat. Icel.: De la Saussaye 342.

A1262.1. A1262.1. Man created from sweat, heat, and breath. Irish myth: Cross.

A1263. A1263. Man created from part of body.

A1263.1. A1263.1. Man created from blood. Jewish: Neuman.

A1263.1.1. A1263.1.1. Man created from blood-clot. Chatham Is., Samoan, Melanesian: Dixon 30; Admiralty Is., Polynesian, Indonesian, Melanesian, New Britain: *ibid. 109 n. 17.

A1263.1.2. A1263.1.2. Man from blood of game animal. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.

A1263.2. A1263.2. Man created from fingernail. Yuracare (West Brazil): Alexander Lat. Am. 314.

A1263.3. A1263.3. Man created from rubbings of skin. India: Thompson-Balys; Zuсi: Parsons JAFL XXIX 394 n. 1.

A1263.4. A1263.4. Man created from spittle of holy person. *Fb “spytte” III 515b.

A1263.5. A1263.5. Man created from animal horns that bloomed and bore him as fruit. Chinese: Graham.

A1263.6. A1263.6. Man created from culture hero‘s genitals. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 139, 165, 168, 178, 218.

A1263.7. A1263.7. Man created from animal bone. Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 51.

A1265. A1265. Men created from sown dragon’s teeth. Cadmus, Jason.--Grierson FL XXXIII (1922) 380.--Greek: Fox 10, 45, 112; Frazer Apollodorus I 315 n. 2.

A1266. A1266. Man created from food.

A1266.1. A1266.1. Man made from meat-ball. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 89 No. 49.

A1268. A1268. Man created from ashes (cinders). India: Thompson-Balys; Gilbert Is. (Micronesia): Dixon 252; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 85.

A1268.1. A1268.1. Tribe born from fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1270. A1270. Primeval human pair. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Apapocuva-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138, (Yuracare): Mйtraux ibid. 144, (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.

A1270.1. A1270.1. Primeval human pair live in innocence. Tonga: Gifford 15.

A1271. A1271. Origin of first parents.

A1271.1. A1271.1. Sun, moon, and stars bring forth first parents. Sun and moon beget son; morning and evening star beget daughter; these, the first parents, are at first without understanding, but it is awakened later by demigods.--Pawnee: Alexander N. Am. 110.

A1271.2. A1271.2. Sun and moon beget stones and birds: these transformed to first parents. Baining of New Britain: Dixon 110.

A1271.3. A1271.3. First parents children of god. Persian: Carnoy 294; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 88.

A1271.4. A1271.4. First parents originate from gold which is from body of first man. Born fifteen years old.--Persian: Carnoy 294.

A1273. A1273. Twin first parents. Persian: Carnoy 294f.

A1273.1. A1273.1. Incestuous first parents. India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Dixon 171f.

A1275. A1275. Creation of first man‘s (woman’s) mate. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1275.1. A1275.1. Creation of first woman from man‘s rib. *Dh I 115ff.; *Frazer Old Testament I 9f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 34, 36ff., 52, 65; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 379; Hawaiian: Dixon 24; cf. Central Caroline Is.: ibid. 251, Beckwith Myth 43, 46.

A1275.1.1. A1275.1.1. Deity creates princess from prince’s body and gives her to him. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1275.2. A1275.2. First man split in two to form mate. (Cf. A1225.1.)--Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Carnoy 316.

A1275.3. A1275.3. Of ten original men one magically changes sex. New Hebrides: Dixon 107; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 49.

A1275.4. A1275.4. Creator makes woman and then begets man by her. New Zealand: Dixon 24f.; Society Is.: ibid. 25; Marquesas: ibid. 26.

A1275.5. A1275.5. Man creates a woman from melted butter, sour milk, sour cream and curds offered on the waters. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1275.6. A1275.6. First woman‘s mate made from transformed tree. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144.

A1275.7. A1275.7. First man created from nothing wanders until he finds mate. Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 261.

A1275.8. A1275.8. Why Eve was not made at first along with Adam. Irish myth: Cross.

A1275.9. A1275.9. First man descends on earth, falls in love with and marries a fairy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1275.10. A1275.10. First created man catches woman in his snare. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1276. A1276. Man chosen as best gift by primeval women. In beginning only women on earth. Deity kills one by accident and promises anything as reparation. They choose man.--Ekoi: Talbot 98.

A1277. A1277. Offspring of first parents.

A1277.1. A1277.1. First parents devour offspring. Persian: Carnoy 297.

A1277.2. A1277.2. Primeval human pair allowed to bear all children they wish. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 67.

A1277.3. A1277.3. Son of first human couple murdered by tiger sent by god; his head becomes the sun, his chest the moon, and his blood gives the red earth its color. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1277.4. A1277.4. First man and woman bring in children and clothe them. Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 47.

A1279. A1279. Primeval human pair--miscellaneous.

A1279.1. A1279.1. Of first parents husband so hideous he is kept hidden. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1280. A1280. First man (woman). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 276, 280f.; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 120; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 315.

A1281. A1281. Condition of first man (woman).

A1281.1. A1281.1. First man covered with horny substance. (Cf. A1310.1.)--*Dh I 225; Jewish: Neuman.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 34; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 376.

A1281.2. A1281.2. Man at first covered with hair. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 34; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 383.

A1281.2.1. A1281.2.1. Change of animal and human skin in ancient times. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1281.3. A1281.3. Man at first naked. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1281.4. A1281.4. Men originally self-luminous. Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 385.

A1281.5. A1281.5. First man created circumcised. Jewish: Neuman.

A1281.6. A1281.6. Adam at first nameless. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1281.6.1. A1281.6.1. Adam‘s name composed of initial letters of four stars from the four quarters of the heavens. Irish myth: Cross.

A1282. A1282. The mother of men. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 93.

A1282.1. A1282.1. Mother of the world gives birth to three sons. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1285. A1285. Activities of first man.

A1285.1. A1285.1. First man made chief over whole world. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 44.

A1285.1.1. A1285.1.1. In response to Adam’s prayer, God sends him to earth to be father of mankind. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1290. A1290. Creation of man--other motifs.

A1291. A1291. Man created by supernatural creature, not deity.

A1291.1. A1291.1. Man created by angels. Jewish: Neuman.

A1293. A1293. Devil in God‘s absence puts sickness in Adam’s body. Dh I 98ff.

A1295. A1295. Creation in covered vessel. Men (or animals) created in a basket or from a bundle, or from under a blanket.--N. A Ind.: Kroeber JAFL XXI 223; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.

A1296. A1296. Multiplication of man by fragmentation. S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 406.

A1297. A1297. First human being killed by jealous brothers (reptiles and insects). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1300--A1399.

A1300--A1399. Ordering of human life.

A1300. A1300. Ordering of human life. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1301. A1301. Men at first as large as giants. Dh I 242ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: *Grote I 5; Jewish: Neuman.

A1310. A1310. Arrangement of man‘s bodily attributes.

A1310.1. A1310.1. Change in bodily form at fall of man. Adam’s body was formerly horn-like. (Cf. A1281.1.)--Dh I 225.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3035, Balys Legends Nos. 34, 45--49.

A1310.2. A1310.2. Assembling the body. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1310.3. A1310.3. Why men are clothed in skin. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1310.4. A1310.4. Why women have marks on the belly. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1311. A1311. Origin of hands and feet. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1311.1. A1311.1. The lizard hand. Man‘s hand is modeled on that of the lizard.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 59; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 56.

A1311.2. A1311.2. Why God changed right hand into left. Man loses hand with which he gives devil a box on ears.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 19.

A1311.3. A1311.3. Origin of fingernails. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1312. A1312. Origin of human skeleton.

A1312.1. A1312.1. Origin of knee-caps. A stone that magically joins self to woman’s body.--Ekoi: Talbot 394.

A1312.2. A1312.2. Why an uneven number of ribs. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 83 Nos. 21, 22.--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 226 (floating ribs).

A1313. A1313. Origin of sex-organs.

A1313.0.1. A1313.0.1. Origin of eunuchs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1313.0.2. A1313.0.2. Origin of sex differentiations. Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 267.

A1313.1. A1313.1. Origin of male sex-organs. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 21, XXXIII 52 No. 21; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 14; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3040, Balys Legends Nos. 50--57; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 83f. Nos. 28--30; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 21.--Plains Ojibwa: Skinner JAFL XXXII 283; Plains Cree: Skinner JAFL XXIX 351.

A1313.2. A1313.2. Origin of female sex-organs. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 22, XXXIII 52 No. 22; India: *Thompson-Balys; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 14; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3040, Balys Legends Nos. 50--57; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 83f. Nos. 27, 29, 30; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 22.

A1313.2.1. A1313.2.1. Origin of clitoris. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1313.3. A1313.3. Misplaced genitalia. Originally genitals are misplaced. They are properly arranged by the culture hero.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 56f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 59a.; Hatt Asiatic Influences 84f.

A1313.3.1. A1313.3.1. Vaginal teeth broken. Women originally had toothed vaginas. Culture hero breaks teeth so that women will be harmless to men. (See practically all references to F547.1.1, Vagina Dentata.)--S. Am. Indian (Toba, Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 99, 105, Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367.

A1313.4. A1313.4. Origin of women’s breasts. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 20; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 83 No. 27; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 53ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.--S. Am. Indian (Apapocuva-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 137.

A1313.4.1. A1313.4.1. Women at first with breasts on their foreheads. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A1313.5. A1313.5. Origin of placenta. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1315. A1315. Origin of hair and beard. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1315.1. A1315.1. Why men become gray-headed. Dh I 314.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 18.

A1315.2. A1315.2. Origin of bald heads. Christensen Molboerne 212 No. 70; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 17, XXXIII 52 No. 17; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 82 No. 20; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 17; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1315.3. A1315.3. Origin of beard. *Dh I 228ff.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 5 Nos. 13, 14, XXXIII 52 No. 13; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 83 Nos. 23, 24; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 11; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 58--62, 70.

A1315.4. A1315.4. Origin of hair around mouth and eyes. Original dispute between Hair and Stomach. Stomach compelled to stay on inside of man. Hair stands on guard at mouth and eyes to see that Stomach does not escape.--Ekoi: Talbot 394.

A1315.5. A1315.5. Origin of pubic hairs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1315.6. A1315.6. Origin of eyelashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1316. A1316. Origin of facial features. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1316.0.1. A1316.0.1. Man at first with two faces, separated at birth of first woman. Jewish: Neuman.

A1316.1. A1316.1. Distribution of noses. The earlier comers receive big noses, the later small.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 5 No. 15.

A1316.1.1. A1316.1.1. Forming of the nose. Nose was made from clay taken from the posterior of the already created man.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 35.

A1316.2. A1316.2. Why men blink. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1316.3. A1316.3. Origin of eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1316.3.1. A1316.3.1. Distribution of eyes. Jewish: Neuman.

A1316.3.2. A1316.3.2. Why there are one-eyed women. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 104.

A1316.3.3. A1316.3.3. Men originally blind: eyes opened by accident. Africa (Dahomey): Einstein 18f.

A1316.4. A1316.4. Origin of ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1316.5. A1316.5. Origin of tongue. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1316.6. A1316.6. Origin of teeth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1317. A1317. Origin of urine and excreta. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319. A1319. Origin of other bodily attributes.

A1319.1. A1319.1. Origin of Adam‘s apple. Forbidden fruit sticks in Adam’s throat.--*Dh I 208ff.; *Fb “Adamsжble” IV 4.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 5 No. 16, XXXIII 52 No. 16; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 35 No. 10; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 34; U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: Neuman.

A1319.2. A1319.2. Why men lack tails. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 117 No. 72; Piegan: Michelson JAFL XXIX 409.

A1319.3. A1319.3. Why ear-wax is inside the ear. Cameroons: Gantenbein 69ff., Lederbogen Mitt. d. Sem. f. orient. Spr. IV 175f. No. 11.

A1319.4. A1319.4. Why the posterior of man is large. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 35.

A1319.5. A1319.5. Origin of the liver. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.6. A1319.6. Origin of blood. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.7. A1319.7. Why the center of man‘s eye is black: blackened by spirits to make themselves invisible. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.8. A1319.8. Origin of sweat. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.9. A1319.9. Origin of sneezing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.10. A1319.10. Origin of itching. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.11. A1319.11. Origin of the sensation of tickling. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.12. A1319.12. Originally man rejuvenated himself by snake-like change of skin. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 411.

A1319.12.1. A1319.12.1. Why man does not change his skin: ancient contest lost by toad, representing man, won by lizard. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1319.13. A1319.13. Why man’s neck is its present size. Marshall Is.: Davenport 231.

A1319.14. A1319.14. Origin of man‘s skin. Jewish: Neuman.

A1320. A1320. Determination of span of life. *Kцhler-Bolte I 42.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 60b.

A1321. A1321. Men and animals readjust span of life. At first, thirty years are given to all animals and to man. For the animals it is too long, for man too short. Man is given a portion of animals’ lives. Years 1--30 vigorous (man‘s own); 30--48 burdens and blows (ass’s); 48--60 no teeth (dog‘s); 60--70 foolish (monkey’s).--*BP III 290 (Gr. No. 176); *Fb “menneske” II 577b; Halm Aesop No. 173; Wesselski Bebel II 135 No. 103.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3060, Balys Legends Nos. 113f.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1321.1. A1321.1. Why children learn to walk later than animals. African (Cameroon): Mansfield 231, 237.

A1322. A1322. Determination of relation between birth-rate and death-rate. Japanese: Anesaki 224.

A1323. A1323. Long span of life for first man. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 108.

A1325. A1325. Short span of life for first men. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 116, 411 s.v. “Alter.”

A1326. A1326. Why babies die so easily. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 103.

A1330. A1330. Beginnings of trouble for man. Shasta and Athapascan: Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 225; Africa (Congo): Weeks 205.

A1331. A1331. Paradise lost. Original happy state forfeited because of one sin.--*H. Schmidt Die Erzдhlungen von Paradies und Sьndenfall (Tьbingen 1931); J. Feidmann Paradies und Sьndenfall (1913); *Frazer Old Testament I 45--76; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 296, 309; Burmese: Scott Indo-Chin. 265, 269f.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43ff., 61.

A1331.1. A1331.1. Paradise lost because of forbidden fruit (drink). (Cf. A1346).--*Dh I 208ff.; *Frazer Old Testament I 45ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 34.--Persian: Carnoy 297; India: Thompson-Balys; Burmese, Indo-Chinese: Scott 265, 289.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45; Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 171; Yuracare: ibid. 315; Biloxi: Dorsey and Swanton BBAE XLVII 32; African (Baluba): Einstein 199.

A1331.1.1. A1331.1.1. Paradise lost because of forbidden food. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1331.2. A1331.2. Paradise lost because of brother-sister incest. Persian: Carnoy 310.

A1331.2.1. A1331.2.1. Paradise lost because first woman is seduced. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43, 61.

A1333. A1333. Confusion of tongues. Originally all men speak same language. Because of a sin they come to speak different languages.--*Frazer Old Testament I 384ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: Cross.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chin (Indo-China): Scott 266f.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 365.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 285 n. 53; Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 132.

A1333.1. A1333.1. Confusion of tongues partly due to lack of understanding of difference between the word for “stick” and the word for “stone.” Irish myth: Cross.

A1335. A1335. Origin of death. S. S. Cohon The Origin of Death (Journal of Jewish Lore and Philosophy [1919]); Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 377; Japanese: Anesaki 224, 233; Burmese: Scott IndoChinese 264.--Africa (Angola): Wagener Afrikanische Parallelen 9ff., Chatelain 249, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 60, (Congo): Weeks 217 No. 12, (Ekoi): Talbot 177, (Liberian): Bundy JAFL XXXII 407f., (Fang): Trilles 131.--Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 178; Maori: Dixon 54; Australian: ibid. 285; Melanesian: ibid. 117f. *n. 53; Micronesian: ibid. 252f.; Indonesian: ibid. 170 (Borneo), 174, *182; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43; Raratonga: ibid. 158; Banks Is.: ibid. 61.--N. A. Indian: R. Dangel Mythen vom Ursprung dies Todes bei den Indianern Nordamerikas (Mitt. der Anthrop. Gesellschaft in Wien LVIII [1928] 341--374); *Krappe Nieuw Theologisch Tijdschrift (1928) 242ff.; *Thompson Tales 284 n. 51; Chitimacha: Swanton JAFL XXX 476; Sinkyone: Kroeber JAFL XXXII 346; Tahltan: Teit *JAFL XXXII 206f.; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 64; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XX 486, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 48, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 173; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171, (Cubeo): Goldman BBAE CXLIII (3) 798, (Yuracare): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 503, (Warrau): Kirchoff ibid. (3) 880.

A1335.1. A1335.1. Origin of death from falsified message. *Dh III 22; *Wesselski Theorie 43; Gaster Oldest Stories 91.--African: Werner African 160ff., 167, (Hottentot): Bleek 69 No. 31, 71 No. 32, 72 No. 33, 74 No. 35, (Basuto): Jacottet 46 No. 6, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 129 No. 23, (Togo): Einstein 5, (Sandeh): Casati I 222; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Tropical Forests): Lowie ibid. (3) 55.

A1335.1.1. A1335.1.1. Origin of death: wrong messenger goes to God. Wesselski Theorie 44.

A1335.2. A1335.2. Origin of death from bad creator’s unsuccessful imitation. The bad creator attempts in vain to endow his creations with life like the good creator. Fails and thus introduces death.--Banks Is.: Dixon 106; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 61.

A1335.3. A1335.3. Origin of death from unwise choice. Choice between two bundles, one containing tempting articles, the other everlasting life. People choose the large bundle and lose everlasting life.--Congo: Weeks 218 No. 13.

A1335.4. A1335.4. Origin of death when early people put on new skins. Child fails to recognize mother, who puts old skin back on.--Wesselski Theorie 45.

A1335.5. A1335.5. Origin of death: serpent given immortality instead of man. Renews his skin.--**Delarue Nouvelle Revue des Traditions Populaires (1950) 262--275; Wesselski Theorie 45; Gaster: Oldest Stories 81.

A1335.6. A1335.6. Origin of death: punishment for scorning deity. Wesselski Theorie 45; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.6.1. A1335.6.1. Origin of death: disrespectful answer to God. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.7. A1335.7. First son who died before his father after the Flood. Irish myth Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1335.8. A1335.8. Origin of death because world is overpopulated. India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 173; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171.

A1335.9. A1335.9. Origin of death because people weary of living. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.9.1. A1335.9.1. Death sent into the world by culture hero (God) when he got tired of man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.10. A1335.10. Men die because a snake comes to prey on mankind while creator rests. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.11. A1335.11. God of world of the dead demands that men die so he will have subjects. (Cf. A487) India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.12. A1335.12. Death origin: God sends a woman to sell poisoned curds to man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.13. A1335.13. God sends centipede down to introduce death into the world through its poisoned sting. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.14. A1335.14. Death comes into the world by treachery of the gods: stick used by man for scratching his back is changed into cobra.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1335.15. A1335.15. God punishes man by killing his child: origin of death. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 187.

A1336. A1336. Origin of murder. Hebrew: Genesis 4:8ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Grote I 7.--Congo: Weeks 207 No. 4; Ila of Rhodesia: Smith and Dale 350 No. 5.

A1337. A1337. Origin of disease. *Dh I 98ff.--Finnish Kalevala rune 45; Greek: Grote I 72 (Pandora‘s Box); Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 461; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 187.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 278, 282; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 113, 502; Shasta: Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 227; S. Am. Indian (Cubeo): Goldman BBAE CXLIII (3) 798.

A1337.0.1. A1337.0.1. Disease caused by the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.0.1.1. A1337.0.1.1. Pestilence brought to man in box by messenger from creator. S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 318.

A1337.0.2. A1337.0.2. Disease caused by ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.0.3. A1337.0.3. Disease caused by witchcraft. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.0.4. A1337.0.4. Disease caused by menstrual blood. (Cf. D1003.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.0.5. A1337.0.5. Disease as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.0.6. A1337.0.6. Disease to prevent man enjoying himself too much. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.0.7. A1337.0.7. Origin of sickness and misfortune: monstrous births from brother-sister incestuous union. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.1. A1337.1. Origin of ulcers. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 142 No. 21; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 42.

A1337.2. A1337.2. Origin of cholera. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.3. A1337.3. Origin of epilepsy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.4. A1337.4. Origin of fever. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.5. A1337.5. Origin of itch. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.6. A1337.6. Origin of leprosy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.7. A1337.7. Origin of smallpox. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1337.8. A1337.8. Origin of illness from fire and cold. Africa (Togo): Einstein 5f.

A1338. A1338. Origin of physical defects. Wicked people entering heaven on rope fall to earth and are injured. St. Peter misunderstands what God says and lets them fall.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 758A.

A1338.1. A1338.1. Origin of cripples. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 114f.

A1339.1. A1339.1. Origin of blindness. Jewish: Neuman; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 145.

A1341. A1341. Origin of war among men. Irish myth: Cross; Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 469; Africa (Konnoh): Willans 136.

A1341.1. A1341.1. Origin of battle-shouting. Irish myth: Cross.

A1341.2. A1341.2. Origin of duelling. Irish myth: Cross.

A1341.3. A1341.3. Origin of thefts and quarrels. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1342. A1342. Origin of quarrelling. Greek: Grote I 7; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

A1343. A1343. Origin of lying. Greek: Grote I 7; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 113, 911; Jewish: Neuman.

A1344. A1344. Origin of tears and sighs. Wienert FFC LVI 37; Halm Aesop Nos. 138, 355; Greek: Grote I 7, 72; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1344.1. A1344.1. The “three first cries that made their way to God”: the cry of the blood of Abel, etc. Irish myth: Cross.

A1345. A1345. Origin of hunger. Greek: Grote I 7; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 421f.; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 216, 221.

A1345.1. A1345.1. Origin of thirst. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1346. A1346. Man to earn bread by sweat of his brow. (Cf. A1331.1.)--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 158; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1346.1. A1346.1. Man must work as punishment for theft of fire. Greek: Fox 14.

A1346.2. A1346.2. Man must labor for a living: at first everything too easy. Full crops produce themselves, trees drop sugar etc.--Greek: Grote I 61; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 462; S. Am. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 59f.

A1346.2.1. A1346.2.1. Cotton at first already spun into threads. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1346.2.2. A1346.2.2. First people have everything they wish (life without work). India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Trilles 144.

A1346.2.3. A1346.2.3. Men are too happy: pain and sickness created. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1346.2.4. A1346.2.4. Canoes at one time self-propelling. Marshall Is.: Davenport 222.

A1348. A1348. Mankind’s escape from trouble.

A1348.1. A1348.1. Wren helps mankind restore prosperity to the world. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1350. A1350. Origin of sex functions. (Cf. A1556.)

A1351. A1351. Origin of childbirth. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Maori: Dixon 78; Polynesian, Melanesian, Micronesian: ibid. 79 n. 79--82; Maori, Hawaii, Cook Is., Fijis: Beckwith Myth 502--504; Hawaii: ibid. 284, Marquesas: Handy 58, 122, 128; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 59a, (Tahltan): *Teit JAFL XXXII 207 n. 2.

A1351.1. A1351.1. Origin of childbirth pains. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Togo): Einstein 8f.

A1351.2. A1351.2. Origin of abortions. Jewish: Neuman.

A1352. A1352. Origin of sexual intercourse. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 63--66; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Tonga: Gifford 18; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684; Africa (Mkulwe): Einstein 18f., (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 267.

A1352.1. A1352.1. Origin of unrestricted sexual intercourse between husband and wife. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A1352.2. A1352.2. Means of persuading persons to intercourse. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A1352.3. A1352.3. Former intercourse by navel. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1355. A1355. Origin of menstruation. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 25, XXXIII 53 No. 25; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1355.1. A1355.1. Origin of menstruation--Eve and the serpent. It is a punishment because Eve had intercourse with the serpent.--Dh I 211; Jewish: Neuman.

A1355.1.1. A1355.1.1. Origin of menstruation: punishment because Eve ate forbidden fruit. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1355.2. A1355.2. Origin of menstruation--Virgin Mary‘s garment. She hides her garment and a maiden finds it.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 24; Jewish: Neuman.

A1355.3. A1355.3. Previously men menstruated. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1357. A1357. Culture hero teaches women how to rear their children. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 112f.

A1358. A1358. Origin of sterility among women. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1360. A1360. Man’s growth and maturity.

A1361. A1361. Why children are helpless for so long. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 84 No. 36; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 43f.; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 11c.

A1365. A1365. Why a lad at puberty is energetic and later lazy. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 239.

A1370. A1370. Origin of mental and moral characteristics.

A1371. A1371. Why women are bad. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1371.1. A1371.1. Bad women because of head exchanged with devil. Devil (serpent) and woman fight. St. Peter cuts off their heads and exchanges them.--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 11b.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3047, Balys Legends Nos. 82--93.

A1371.2. A1371.2. Bad women combination of nine different animals. Stiefel Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 163.

A1371.3. A1371.3. Bad women from transformed hog and goose. Peter, having only one daughter, foolishly promises her to three men. He asks the Lord to create two others. This request is granted. The first creature he meets on two successive mornings he is to greet, and they will be transformed. He meets a hog and a goose. His two new daughters have these characteristics.--*Dh II 191ff.; Fb “sш” III 449b.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 411.

A1372. A1372. Origin of other special characteristics of women.

A1372.1. A1372.1. Why women are prattlers. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 11a.

A1372.2. A1372.2. Why women laugh much. When Eve sees her first child she laughs over its smallness.--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 16.

A1372.3. A1372.3. Why women are roving. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 73; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 114.

A1372.4. A1372.4. Why women have a treble voice. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 13; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 84 No. 34.

A1372.5. A1372.5. Why women are deceitful. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 462.

A1372.6. A1372.6. Why some women are good-looking. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 220.

A1372.7. A1372.7. Origin of pleasant and unpleasant women. Contest arranged by Virgin Mary--laughter forbidden for some time.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 79.

A1372.8. A1372.8. Why women never have leisure. Because they refused to show God the way, saying they had no time.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3046, Balys Legends Nos 74--78.

A1372.9. A1372.9. Why women are subservient to men. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 70ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 282.

A1372.10. A1372.10. Why women keep washing themselves. St. Andrew, sent to get salt to keep people clean, gets drunk and forgets. There is only enough for men.--Venezuela: Dominguez Collection II No. 33 (Archive of Venezuelan Institute of Folklore).

A1373. A1373. Why women attract men.

A1373.1. A1373.1. Why good-looking but soft, useless women attract men. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 220; cf. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 456.

A1375. A1375. Origin of jealousy and selfishness. Irish myth: Cross; Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 112 No. 19.

A1375.1. A1375.1. Why some married people quarrel and accuse each other of infidelity. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 456.

A1376. A1376. Why man excels woman. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 236.

A1377. A1377. Origin of laziness. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 238f.

A1381. A1381. Origin of bravery.

A1381.1. A1381.1. Why people do not fear earthquakes. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 227.

A1382. A1382. Origin of fear.

A1382.1. A1382.1. Why man is fearful in the jungle. Africa: Stanley 78.

A1383. A1383. Origin of shame for nakedness.

A1383.1. A1383.1. Shame for nakedness appears to first woman. (Leaves for clothes).--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Baluba): Einstein 19.

A1384. A1384. Origin of evil inclinations.

A1384.1. A1384.1. Origin of evil inclinations: punishment for fall of man. Jewish: Neuman.

A1384.2. A1384.2. Evil inclination enters body at time of conception. Jewish: Neuman.

A1386. A1386. Origin of drunkenness. Jewish: Neuman.

A1388. A1388. Origin of hatred. Jewish: Neuman.

A1388.1. A1388.1. Hate released among mankind. Greek: Fox 78.

A1390. A1390. Ordaining of human life--miscellaneous.

A1391. A1391. Why other members must serve belly. Result of a debate between members of the body.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 393.

A1391.1. A1391.1. Why all limbs are dependent on body. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 234.

A1392. A1392. First walk by Adam. Irish myth: Cross.

A1394. A1394. Men live by the breath of the gods. (Cf. A1241.3.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1399. A1399. Ordaining of human life--additional motifs.

A1399.1. A1399.1. Origin of laughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1399.2. A1399.2. Origin of dreams. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1399.2.1. A1399.2.1. Origin of sleep. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724.

A1399.3. A1399.3. Origin of spitting. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1399.4. A1399.4. Origin of coughing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1400--A1499.

A1400--A1499. Acquisition of culture.

A1400. A1400. Acquisition of human culture.

A1401. A1401. Culture originated by previous race of men. N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 226 s.v. “Departed race.”

A1402. A1402. The gods build houses, and fashion tools. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 327.

A1403. A1403. God teaches people to work. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3057, Balys Legends Nos. 110f.

A1404. A1404. Gods teach people all they know. Marquesas: Handy 123; S. Am. Indian (Cariri): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 559.

A1405. A1405. Culture originated by ancestor of tribes. Jewish: Neuman; S. Am. Indian (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724.

A1410. A1410. Acquisition of livable environment.

A1411. A1411. Theft of light. Light originally absent is stolen by culture hero.--Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Keith 34.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 281 n. 42; Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 205, S. Am. Indian (Tapirape): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 178. Cf. Finnish: Kalevala rune 47.

A1411.1. A1411.1. Light kept in box (basket). Stolen.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 282 n. 45.

A1411.2. A1411.2. Theft of light by being swallowed and reborn. The hero transforms himself to a particle. The daughter of the guardian of light swallows him as she is drinking water. He is reborn. As a child in the house he steals light.--India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 282 n. 44.

A1412. A1412. Origin of light--miscellaneous. Jewish: Neuman.

A1412.1. A1412.1. Light originated from shield of old cobra supporting the earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1412.2. A1412.2. Origin of light: souls of dead in heaven. Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 48.

A1412.3. A1412.3. Acquisition of daylight by culture hero. S. Am. Indian (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724.

A1414. A1414. Origin of fire. **Frazer Fire.--Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 284.--Micronesian: Dixon 254f.; N. A. Indian (Kaska): *Teit JAFL XXX 443, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 219, (Sinkyone): Kroeber JAFL XXXII 347, (Shasta): Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 210, (Calif. Indian): Gayton and Newman 63; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 93; S. Am. Indian (Jibaro, Peru): Karsten (rev. JAFL XXXII 446), (Tropical Forest): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158, 171.

A1414.1. A1414.1. Origin of fire--rubbing sticks. Greek: Fox 192 (Hermes); Jewish: Neuman.--Kaffir: Kidd 253 No. 13; Marquesas: Handy 13.

A1414.1.1. A1414.1.1. Fire drill invented. India: Thompson-Balys; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 61; Africa (Bushongo): Torday 237; S. Am. Indian (Kaskiha): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 3.

A1414.2. A1414.2. Origin of fire--found in person‘s own body. Australian, New Guinea, Torres Str., Massim (British New Guinea): Dixon 115 n. 47; Marquesas: Handy 13; S. Am. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146.

A1414.3. A1414.3. Origin of fire--children strike rocks together, accidentally produce fire. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 60.

A1414.4. A1414.4. Origin of fire--gift from god (supernatural person). India: Thompson-Balys.--Maori: Clark 42; Isabel Is.: Beckwith Myth 504; Hawaii: ibid. 499; S. Am. Indian (Sherente): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 515, (Cashiba): Steward-Mйtraux ibid. (3) 595, (Chamacoco): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 368, (Warrau): Kirchoff ibid. (3) 880, (Caviсa, Tumupasa): Mйtraux ibid. 448, (Chiriguano): *Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 54; Africa: Bouvergnes 14f., (Bushongo): Torday 237, (Congo): Weeks 205f.

A1414.5. A1414.5. Origin of flint and tinder. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1414.6. A1414.6. Bird as guardian of primordial fire. S. Am. Indian (Apapocuvъ-Guaranн): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171.

A1414.7. A1414.7. Repository of fire.

A1414.7.1. A1414.7.1. Tree as repository of fire. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 61; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158.

A1414.7.2. A1414.7.2. Rock as repository of fire. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 61.

A1414.7.3. A1414.7.3. Cave as repository of fire. Marquesas: Handy 103.

A1415. A1415. Theft of fire. Mankind is without fire. A culture hero steals it from the owner.--**Frazer Fire; *Dh I 142ff.; *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. II 109b n. 14--15.--Greek: Fox 13, *Frazer Apollodorus I 51 n. 6; Hindu: Keith 36; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 238.--Oceanic Dixon 47 n. 31 (Maori), 47 n. 34 (Polynesia--general), 48 n. 35, 36 (Melanesia), 49 (Maori, Chatham Is., Marquesas, Melanesia, Hawaii, Micronesia), 112 (Woodlark Is.), 114 (Motu and Massim of British New Guinea), 182ff. (Indonesia), 281 (Australia); Indonesian: Voorhoeve Overzicht 65; Marquesas: Handy 104; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 227; Tonga: Gifford 22; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 340; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 289 n. 63, Alexander N. Am. 256, 301f. n. 51; S. Am. Indian (Baikairi, Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 313; (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473, (Botocudo): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 550, (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ ibid. (3) 724, (Tenethara): Wagley-Galvao ibid. (3) 147, (Guarani): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 93, (Guarporй): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 379, (Tapirape): Wagley-Galvao ibid. (3) 178, (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 111, (Choco, Western Colombia): Mйtraux ibid. 112, (Apapocuvъ-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138.--African: Frobenius Atlantis XII 80, (Bushongo): Torday 237, cf. Congo: Weeks 206. Cf. Finnish: Kalevala rune 47.

A1415.0.1. A1415.0.1. Fire witheld from men as punishment. Greek: *Grote I 71.

A1415.0.2. A1415.0.2. Original fire property of one person (animal). Marquesas: Handy 12, 103; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115, 121, 216; S. Am. Indian (Ashlushlay): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367, (Tapirape): Wagley-Galvao ibid. (3) 178, (Munderucъ): Horton ibid. (3) 294, (Warrau, Chiriguano): *Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 129.

A1415.1. A1415.1. Fire stolen in hollow reed. Greek: Fox 13, *Frazer Apollodorus I 51 n. 6; *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. II 109b nn. 9--13.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 290 n. 64; S. Am. Indian (Jivaro, Eastern Ecuador): Karsten Myths of the Jibaros (reviewed JAFL XXXII 446) (fire preserved in bark of tree), (Tenetehara): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 147.

A1415.1.1. A1415.1.1. Fire carried from heaven in fingernails. Jewish: Neuman.

A1415.2. A1415.2. Theft of fire by animals. *Dh III 92ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3020, Balys Legends Nos. 27f.; Eng.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 632.--Massim of British New Guinea: Dixon 115; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 370, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 345, (Fang): Nassau No. 3; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 289 n. 63 (practically every reference); S. Am. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93, (Mataco, Toba): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 367, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie ibid. (1) 434, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 484, RMLP XXXIII 172, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 107--109.

A1415.2.1. A1415.2.1. Theft of fire by bird. Persian: Carnoy 264 (storm god in form of bird); India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685, (Jivaro): Steward-Mйtraux ibid. (3) 627, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 6.

A1415.3. A1415.3. Theft of fire--trick exchange. Child of fire-owner is stolen and then given back in exchange for fire.--*Dh III 110ff.

A1415.4. A1415.4. Vain attempts to circumvent theft of fire. *Dh III 109ff.--Polynesian: Dixon 47; Massim (British New Guinea): ibid. 115 n. 48.

A1416. A1416. Country ridded of ogres and made peaceful. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1417. A1417. Theft of tablets of fate. From heaven by bird Zu.--Babylonian: Carnoy 264.

A1420. A1420. Acquisition of food supply for human race. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1420.1. A1420.1. Origin of food from body of slain food-goddess. (Cf. A2611.1). Japanese: Anesaki 232, Ikeda.

A1420.2. A1420.2. Gods teach how to seek and prepare food. Marquesas: Handy 114; Africa (Luba): Donohugh Africa V 180.

A1420.3. A1420.3. Creator of food items. Mono-Alu-Fauru: Wheeler 66.

A1420.4. A1420.4. Food originally obtained without effort. Jewish: Neuman; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 59.

A1420.5. A1420.5. After Fall first parents fed and clothed from one palm-tree. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1420.6. A1420.6. At beginning people start to eat the earth. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 56.

A1421. A1421. Hoarded game released. Animals are kept imprisoned by malevolent creature. Released by culture hero. Hindu: Keith 33f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Kodiak: Jochelson JE VI 143, 164, 187, 367; Tonga: Gifford 91; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 434f.; S. Am. Indian (Yunca, Peru): Alexander Lat. Am. 229 (fish); Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 515, (Greenland): Rink 442, Holm 75, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 51.

A1421.0.1. A1421.0.1. Hoarded rice made available once more to men by culture hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1421.1. A1421.1. Man given dominion over beasts. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1421.1.1. A1421.1.1. Man rules all animals. God gives greatest strength to lion, but because of man’s wisdom lion is in his power. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3110, Legends No. 215.

A1422. A1422. Assignment of edible animals. Certain animals may be eaten by man.--Hebrew: Leviticus ch 11; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 78, 149, (Hottentot): Bleek 73 No. 34.

A1422.0.1. A1422.0.1. Animals sources of food because they were once unfaithful, disobedient wives of a visitor from god-country. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1422.0.2. A1422.0.2. What animals are to be eaten by man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1422.1. A1422.1. Why men may eat hares. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1422.1.1. A1422.1.1. Why Santals eat entrails of hare. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1422.2. A1422.2. Why Birhors eat flesh of monkeys and baboons. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1422.3. A1422.3. Why the wild boar is hunted by man for food: once a faithless wife killed by her husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1423. A1423. Acquisition of vegetables and cereals. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 439; Isabel Island: ibid. 504; Hawaii: ibid. 61, 63; Tonga: Gifford 194; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 364; African (Angola): Chatelain 249, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 179 No. 35, (Ekoi): Talbot 240, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 348 No. 3; S. Am. Indian (Guarayu): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A1423.0.1. A1423.0.1. Hoarded plants released. Rarotonga, Cook Island: Beckwith Myth 236; Hawaii: ibid. 290, 432; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A1423.1. A1423.1. Origin of yams (sweet potatoes, taro). Samoa, Maori, Tonga: Beckwith Myth 101; Kai of New Guinea: ibid. 104; Tonga: Gifford 163, 169; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 317.

A1423.2. A1423.2. Acquisition of rice. (Cf. A2685.)--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 130f. No. 86.

A1423.3. A1423.3. Origin of coconut. Maniliki, Cook Island: Beckwith Myth 256; Tonga: Gifford 182.

A1423.4. A1423.4. Acquisition of manioc. Africa (Bushongo): Tardau 249.

A1425. A1425. Origin of seed. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

A1425.0.1. A1425.0.1. Hoarded seeds. S. Am. Indian (Morй): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 424.

A1425.1. A1425.1. All the kinds of seed in a bamboo that culture hero cuts down. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1426. A1426. Acquisition of food supply--miscellaneous.

A1426.1. A1426.1. Discovery of oil. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Bushongo): Torday 249.

A1426.2. A1426.2. Acquisition of ale. Irish myth: Cross.

A1426.2.1. A1426.2.1. Introduction of brewing. Irish myth: Cross.

A1426.2.2. A1426.2.2. Origin of rice-beer. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1427. A1427. Acquisition of spiritous liquors. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 636: S. Am. Indian (Guarayu): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147.

A1427.0.1. A1427.0.1. Liquor discovered when birds get drunk. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1427.0.2. A1427.0.2. Liquor discovered by rain-god. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1427.0.3. A1427.0.3. Intoxicating drink first used at the wedding feast of the first couple. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1427.0.4. A1427.0.4. Creator gives liquor to his servant giant to drink. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1427.1. A1427.1. Acquisition of brandy. Devil teaches how to burn brandy. (Cf. A1456.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 7 No. 31, XXXIII 52 No. 31; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 87 No. 54; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3291; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1427.2. A1427.2. Origin of whiskey. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 340ff.

A1428. A1428. Acquisition of wine. Greek: Fox 47, 222; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.--Africa (Tshi): Ellis 337, (Fang): Einstein 44, Trilles 162.

A1429. A1429. Acquisition of food supply--miscellaneous.

A1429.1. A1429.1. Discovery of oil (edible). India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Bushongo): Torday 249.

A1429.2. A1429.2. Origin of yeast: wasp stole it from the old woman underneath the earth. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1429.3. A1429.3. Acquisition of water. (Cf. A1111.)--Irish Myth: Cross.

A1429.3.1. A1429.3.1. First wells dug. Irish myth: Cross.

A1429.3.2. A1429.3.2. Gods provide drinkable water. (Cf. A941.)--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 63f.

A1429.4. A1429.4. Acquisition of salt. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Jivaro): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 627.

A1430. A1430. Acquisition of other necessities.

A1431. A1431. Origin of coal. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 29; Africa (Fang): Trilles 132.

A1432. A1432. Acquisition of metals.

A1432.1. A1432.1. Origin of iron. Finnish: Kalevale rune 9; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Bushongo): Torday 235.

A1432.1.1. A1432.1.1. Iron at first was made for food, not for weapons. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1432.2. A1432.2. Acquisition of gold. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1432.2.1. A1432.2.1. Gold comes from gourd received from fishes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1432.3. A1432.3. Acquisition of brass. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1432.4. A1432.4. Acquisition of copper. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1433. A1433. Acquisition of money. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1433.0.1. A1433.0.1. First money received from kettle which two dead men try in vain to carry from hell to heaven. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 7 No. 32.

A1433.1. A1433.1. Origin of gold coins. Surinam: Penard JAFL XXX 248.

A1433.2. A1433.2. Origin of silver coins. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1433.2.1. A1433.2.1. Silver coins from pumpkin received from fishes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1433.3. A1433.3. Origin of shell money. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 12, 57.

A1435. A1435. Acquisition of habitations. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1435.0.1. A1435.0.1. Origin of cave-digging. Irish myth: Cross.

A1435.1. A1435.1. Acquisition of guest-houses. Irish myth: Cross.

A1435.2. A1435.2. Origin of raths (duns, stone forts). Irish myth: Cross.

A1435.2.1. A1435.2.1. Raths marked out with brooch. Irish myth: Cross.

A1435.3. A1435.3. Origin of grass huts to replace caves as dwellings. Papua: Ker 135.

A1436. A1436. Acquisition of vehicles. Irish myth: Cross.

A1437. A1437. Acquisition of clothing. India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 456.

A1438. A1438. Origin of medicine (healing). Greek: Fox 279ff.; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 70f.; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 202, 205f.; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Ferguson 14; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 116f., 119; N. A. Indian (Joshua): Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 230; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 3, 69; (Manasi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 393.

A1438.1. A1438.1. Origin of medicine: shaman sent down by the Creator equipped with it. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1439. A1439. Acquisition of other necessities.

A1439.1. A1439.1. Acquisition of marble. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1439.2. A1439.2. Origin of dyes. India: Thompson-Balys; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 317.

A1439.3. A1439.3. Origin of rubber S. Am. Indian. (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

A1439.4. A1439.4. Origin of cauldrons. Irish myth: Cross.

A1440. A1440. Acquisition of crafts. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 137; Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1440.1. A1440.1. Assignment of crafts and professions: creator opens shop and from it distributes plough, pen, bottle, pair of scales, fishing-net and loom to various groups. India: Thompson-Balys..

A1440.2. A1440.2. Origin of distribution of work. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1440.3. A1440.3. Patriarchs because of long life made inventions. Tupper and Ogle Map 4.

A1441. A1441. Acquisition of agriculture. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Greek: *Grote I 163; Jewish: Neuman; Marquesas: Handy 128; Kai of New Guinea: Beckwith Myth 104; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 177.--S. Am. Indian (Guarayu): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 437, (Guaporй R.): Lйvi-Strauss ibid. (3) 379, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 132, (Cubeo): ibid. (3) 798, (Tapirape): Wagley-Galvao ibid. (3) 178, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 685.

A1441.1. A1441.1. Origin of plowing. Greek: Fox 171, Alphabet of Tales No. 654; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 69; S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A1441.2. A1441.2. Origin of custom of yoking oxen. Irish myth: Cross.

A1441.3. A1441.3. Origin of water wheel and rice growing. Chinese: Graham.

A1441.4. A1441.4. Origin of sowing and planting. Greek myth: Grote I 41; Kauai: Beckwith Myth 367; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 115.

A1441.4.1. A1441.4.1. Origin of periodic sowing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1441.5. A1441.5. Origin of onion-growing. Korean: Zong in-Sob 21 No. 10.

A1442. A1442. Origin of milling. (Cf. A1446.5.3.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1443. A1443. Origin of domestication of animals. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3108; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound, lines 462--465, Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Stanley 43, 196, (Bushongo): Torday 242f., (Fang): Tessman 18f.

A1443.1. A1443.1. First shepherder. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1445. A1445. Acquisition of building crafts.

A1445.1. A1445.1. Origin of boat-building. Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound, line 468; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 3, (Fang): Trilles 159; Marquesas: Handy 128; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 15; Samoa: ibid. 271.

A1445.2. A1445.2. Origin of carpentry. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound line 447; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 70.

A1445.2.1. A1445.2.1. Why carpenters are found everywhere: flood scatters them on raft over world. Tonga: Gifford 201, Beckwith Myth 317.

A1445.2.2. A1445.2.2. Man learns housebuilding from wasp. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A1446. A1446. Acquisition of tools. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1446.0.1. A1446.0.1. Culture hero steals tools for men. S. Am. Indian. (Tapirape): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 178.

A1446.1. A1446.1. Origin of the saw. Invented by devil.--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 85 No. 30b.

A1446.2. A1446.2. Origin of the axe. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Carib: Penard JAFL XXX 258.

A1446.3. A1446.3. Origin of the ox-goad. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.4. A1446.4. Origin of the adze. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.5. A1446.5. Acquisition of household implements. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.5.1. A1446.5.1. Origin of the broom. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.5.2. A1446.5.2. Origin of the pestle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.5.3. A1446.5.3. Origin of the grindstone. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.5.4. A1446.5.4. Origin of the winnowing-fan. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.5.5. A1446.5.5. Origin of baskets. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1446.5.6. A1446.5.6. Origin of the oil-press. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1447. A1447. Origin of metal-working. Hebrew: Genesis 4:22; Greek: Fox 171; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1447.1. A1447.1. Origin of the bellows. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1447.2. A1447.2. Origin of blacksmith work. Irish myth: Cross.

A1447.3. A1447.3. Origin of goldsmith work. Irish myth: Cross.

A1447.4. A1447.4. Origin of smelting. Africa: Bouvergnes 16, (Babuka): Einstein 166, (Bushongo): Torday 235, 248.

A1448. A1448. Origin of mining. Irish myth: Cross.

A1451. A1451. Origin of pottery. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; African (Basuto): Jacottet 50 No. 7; S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359, (Yagua): Steward-Mйtraux ibid. (3) 736, (Jivaro): ibid. (3) 627, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 86.

A1452. A1452. Origin of charcoal making. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1453. A1453. Origin of cloth-making. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1453.1. A1453.1. Origin of spinning. Greek: Fox 171, *Grote I 163; S. Am. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 909.

A1453.2. A1453.2. Origin of weaving. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 171; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 7 No. 27; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 113, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A1453.3. A1453.3. Origin of dyeing. Irish myth: Cross.

A1453.4. A1453.4. Origin of leaf-dress. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1453.5. A1453.5. Origin of bark-cloth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1453.6. A1453.6. Creator paints on clay models of men clothes that they are to wear. S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315.

A1453.7. A1453.7. Origin of raffia cloth. Africa (Bushongo): Torday 249.

A1454. A1454. Origin of shoemaking. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 7 No. 28; Jewish: Neuman.

A1455. A1455. Origin of cooking. Greek: Grote I 163; India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 104, 128; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 108f.; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 373 (water for cooking.)

A1455.1. A1455.1. Origin of the domestic hearth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1456. A1456. Origin of distilling. Learned from devil. (Cf. A1427.2.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 85 No. 31; cf. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 86, 87 No. 52, 53; India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 54.

A1457. A1457. Origin of fishing. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Cubao): BBAE CXLIII (3) 798.

A1457.1. A1457.1. Origin of the fish hook. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 317, 363; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 210.

A1457.2. A1457.2. Origin of custom of catching fish by day as well as by night. Irish myth: Cross.

A1457.3. A1457.3. Origin of the net for fishing. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 146; Maori: Clark 27f.; Tonga: Gifford 16.

A1457.4. A1457.4. Origin of fishing stations. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 19, 22f.

A1457.5. A1457.5. Origin of fish-traps. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 194f.

A1457.6. A1457.6. Origin of fish ponds. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 19.

A1458. A1458. Origin of hunting. India: Thompson-Balys; New Hebrides: Codrington 368; S. Am. Indian (Yagua): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 736, (Toba): Mйtraux ibid. (1) 368, MAFLS XL 3. 84.

A1458.1. A1458.1. Origin of pitfall. Irish myth: Cross.

A1459. A1459. Acquisition of crafts--miscellaneous.

A1459.1. A1459.1. Acquisition of weapons. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1459.1.1. A1459.1.1. Origin of bows and arrows. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A1459.1.2. A1459.1.2. Introduction of broad-headed spears into Leinster. Irish myth: Cross.

A1459.1.2.1. A1459.1.2.1. Origin of obsidian-tipped spears. Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 376.

A1459.1.3. A1459.1.3. Origin of sling-stones. Irish myth: Cross.

A1459.1.4. A1459.1.4. Invention of gai bulga. Irish myth: Cross.

A1459.1.5. A1459.1.5. Origin of horse-whips. Irish myth: Cross.

A1459.2. A1459.2. Acquisition of seamanship (sailing, etc.). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 86.

A1459.3. A1459.3. Acquisition of sorcery. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115.

A1460. A1460. Acquisition of arts.

A1460.1. A1460.1. Arts taught man by angel. Jewish: Neuman.

A1461. A1461. Acquisition of music. Wallaschek Sagen und Mдrchen ьber den Ursprung der Musik (Leipzig 1903).--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1461.1. A1461.1. Origin of violin. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 30a; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1461.2. A1461.2. Origin of lyre. Hermes makes it from a tortoise.--Greek: Fox 192, Frazer Apollodorus II 9 n. 2.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 40 (from bones of a pike); cf. rune 44.

A1461.2.1. A1461.2.1. Origin of harp. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1461.3. A1461.3. Origin of organ. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 7 No. 30; Irish myth: Cross.

A1461.4. A1461.4. Origin of the use of the rattle. Ojibwa: Skinner JAFL XXXII 290.

A1461.5. A1461.5. Origin of whistle. Irish myth: Cross.

A1461.6. A1461.6. Origin of shepherd‘s pipe. Greek: Fox 267f.

A1461.7. A1461.7. Origin of nose-flute. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 538.

A1462. A1462. Origin of dancing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1464. A1464. Origin of literary arts. Irish myth: Cross.

A1464.1. A1464.1. Acquisition of poetry. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

A1464.1.1. A1464.1.1. First poetry composed in imitation of tones of hammer on anvil. Irish myth: Cross.

A1464.2. A1464.2. Origin of hymn. Irish myth: Cross.

A1464.2.1. A1464.2.1. Origin of particular song. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1464.3. A1464.3. Origin of satire. Irish myth: Cross.

A1465. A1465. Origin of decorative art.

A1465.1. A1465.1. Origin of tattooing. India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Dixon 73, Clark 139.

A1465.2. A1465.2. Origin of embroidery. Irish myth: Cross.

A1465.3. A1465.3. Origin of ornaments. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

A1465.3.1. A1465.3.1. Origin of gadaba ornaments. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1465.3.2. A1465.3.2. Origin of designs on cloth. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 100.

A1465.3.3. A1465.3.3. Origin of metal ornaments. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1465.4. A1465.4. Origin of polishing stone. Maori: Clark 103.

A1465.5. A1465.5. Origin of wood carving. Maori: Clark 114.

A1465.6. A1465.6. Origin of masks. Africa (Bushongo): Torday 250; (Bakuba): Einstein 163f.

A1466. A1466. Origin of church bells.

A1466.1. A1466.1. First church bell built on model of bluebell. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 72 No. 606.

A1468. A1468. Origin of games of skill (indoor).

A1468.1. A1468.1. Invention of chess game. Irish myth: Cross.

A1470. A1470. Beginning of social relationships.

A1471. A1471. Origin of commerce. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 3.

A1471.1. A1471.1. Origin of trade between two places. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1471.2. A1471.2. Origin of weights and measures. Jewish: Neuman.

A1472. A1472. Beginning of division of labor.

A1472.1. A1472.1. Division of labor: religious and lay activities. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1473. A1473. Origin of slavery. Jewish: Neuman.

A1480. A1480. Acquisition of wisdom and learning.

A1481. A1481. Origin of human wisdom. It is kept hidden by monster and is later stolen. It escapes and spreads through the world. (Cf. A1111, A1421.)--Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 33 No. 2.

A1482. A1482. Origin of language. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1482.1. A1482.1. Hebrew the language of the inhabitants of heaven. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1484. A1484. Origin of reading and writing. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1484.1. A1484.1. Origin of ogam inscriptions. Irish myth: Cross.

A1484.2. A1484.2. Origin of alphabet. Jewish: Neuman.

A1485. A1485. How people learned about calculating time and the seasons. Chinese: Graham.

A1487. A1487. Origin of sciences. Jewish: Neuman.

A1487.1. A1487.1. Origin of astronomy. Jewish: Neuman.

A1487.1.1. A1487.1.1. Origin of astrology. Jewish: Neuman.

A1487.2. A1487.2. Origin of medical books. Jewish: *Neuman.

A1490. A1490. Acquisition of culture--miscellaneous.

A1491. A1491. Origin of art of walking on stilts. Marquesas: Handy 114.

A1495. A1495. Origin of outdoor games.

A1495.1. A1495.1. Origin of ball game. Mangaia (Cook Island): Beckwith myth: 336.

A1500--A1599.

A1500--A1599. Origin of customs.

A1500. A1500. Origin of customs--general. Irish: Beal XXI 324--326; Jewish: Neuman.

A1501. A1501. Tribal customs established by diviner. (Man who sees future.)--India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1502. A1502. All customs for the year established. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1503. A1503. Creator gives men customs and songs before their emergence. S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (3) 315.

A1510. A1510. Origin of eating customs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1511. A1511. Origin of time for meals. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 17; Jewish: Neuman.

A1511.1. A1511.1. Mealtimes from confused message from God. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 120 No. 77.

A1512. A1512. Origin of custom of not eating in the dark: devil eats from plates. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1514. A1514. Origin of compulsory drinking at feast. Jewish: Neuman.

A1514.1. A1514.1. Origin of drinking ceremonies. Tonga: Gifford 35, 47, 72, 74.

A1515. A1515. Origin of custom of eating certain animals.

A1515.1. A1515.1. Origin of custom of eating flesh of buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1516. A1516. Origin of cannibalism. Maori: Clark 15; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 377.

A1517. A1517. Origin of eating tabus. Tonga: Gifford 80; New Guinea: Ker 13, 52; Africa: Bouveignes 15.

A1518. A1518. Why food is cooked. New Guinea: Ker 97.

A1520. A1520. Origin of hunting and fishing customs. Irish myth: Cross.

A1525. A1525. Origin of customs: game-division. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 243f.

A1526. A1526. Why Indians cache their meat. Chitimacha: Swanton JAFL XXX 467.

A1527. A1527. Custom of catching fish with nets. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 53.

A1528. A1528. Why one presents stranger with first fish caught. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22.

A1530. A1530. Origin of social ceremonials.

A1533. A1533. Origin of peace ceremonies. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 213.

A1534. A1534. Origin of “guesting.” Irish myth: Cross.

A1435.1. A1435.1. Acquisition of guest-houses.

A1535. A1535. Origin of secular feasts. Jewish: Neuman.

A1535.1. A1535.1. Origin of the potlatch. A feast of the Indians of the Northwest Coast of America in which large amounts of property are given away to the guests. These feasts must be returned. Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 258.

A1535.2. A1535.2. Origin of games and fairs. Irish myth: Cross.

A1535.3. A1535.3. Origin of games (fair) at Telltown (Tailtiu). Irish myth: Cross.

A1535.4. A1535.4. Origin of feast of Tara. Irish myth: Cross.

A1535.5. A1535.5. Festival of Beltane. Irish myth: Cross.

A1535.6. A1535.6. Origin of horse-racing. Irish myth: Cross.

A1537. A1537. Origin of social etiquette. Jewish: Neuman.

A1537.1. A1537.1. Origin of wishing long life to person who sneezes. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 731.

A1539. A1539. Origin of social ceremonials--miscellaneous.

A1539.1. A1539.1. Origin of seating arrangements in royal hall. Irish myth: Cross.

A1540. A1540. Origin of religious ceremonials. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 85 Nos. 36a, 43d.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 171f.

A1541. A1541. Origin of religious feasts and fasts. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1541.1. A1541.1. Origin of feast for the dead. (Cf. A1543.1.)--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 238.

A1541.1.1. A1541.1.1. Origin of grave-digging Irish myth: Cross.

A1541.1.2. A1541.1.2. Communion feast to placate dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1541.2. A1541.2. Origin of feasts in honor of certain god (goddess). Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1541.2.1. A1541.2.1. Origin of feast for Zise. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1541.3. A1541.3. Origin of Hallowe’en. Irish myth: Cross.

A1541.3.1. A1541.3.1. Origin of Hallowe’en as a mystic night. Irish myth: Cross.

A1541.4. A1541.4. Origin of Sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

A1541.4.0.1. A1541.4.0.1. Holy day established on seventh day. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.

A1541.4.1. A1541.4.1. Origin of Sabbath from a feast to Venus. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

A1541.4.2. A1541.4.2. Origin of dragon festival. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 238 No. 185.

A1541.5. A1541.5. Origin of passover. Jewish: Neuman.

A1541.6. A1541.6. Origin of Pentecost. Jewish: Neuman.

A1541.7. A1541.7. Origin of religious fasts. Jewish: Neuman.

A1542. A1542. Origin of religious dances. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 359.

A1542.1. A1542.1. Origin of particular manner of dancing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1542.2. A1542.2. Origin of particular dance.

A1542.2.1. A1542.2.1. Origin of crocodile dance. Africa (Fang): Einstein 48.

A1543. A1543. Origin of religious songs (chants).

A1543.1. A1543.1. Origin of the death chant. (Cf. A1541.1.)--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 239; Irish myth: Cross.

A1544. A1544. Origin of religious images (idols). Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 516; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 261.

A1544.0.1. A1544.0.1. Why Jews do not worship idols. Jewish: Neuman.

A1545. A1545. Origin of sacrifices. Greek: *Grote I 25f., 28; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 36, 59, 199.

A1545.1. A1545.1. Regulations for sacrifices. Hebrew: Leviticus ch. 1--7; Greek: *Grote I 25f., 28; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 64, 70, 198, 397; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 238.

A1545.2. A1545.2. Animal substituted for human sacrifice. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1545.3. A1545.3. Origin of animal sacrifices. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1545.3.1. A1545.3.1. Origin of dog sacrifices. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1545.3.2. A1545.3.2. Origin of calf sacrifices. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1545.3.3. A1545.3.3. Origin of cock sacrifice. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 120 No. 78.

A1545.4. A1545.4. Custom of sacrifice begun at harvest and sowing times. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1545.5. A1545.5. Origin of human sacrifice. India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 370.

A1545.5.1. A1545.5.1. Origin of the custom of wife self-sacrifice (suttee). India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1545.6. A1545.6. Why animal bones only are used in sacrifice. Greek: Grote I 59.

A1546. A1546. Origin of worship. (Cf. V0--V99.)--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

A1546.0.1. A1546.0.1. Origin of symbols of worship. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1546.0.2. A1546.0.2. Origin of prayers. Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 19ff., 69; Easter Is.: Mйtraux Ethnology 313.

A1546.0.3. A1546.0.3. Origin of calf-statues in temples. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 136.

A1546.1. A1546.1. Origin of worship of rivers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1546.2. A1546.2. Origin of worship of particular god(s). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1546.3. A1546.3. Origin of Christian worship.

A1546.3.1. A1546.3.1. First convert to Christianity in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A1546.3.2. A1546.3.2. First monk, first pilgrim. Irish myth: Cross.

A1546.4. A1546.4. Origin of Jewish worship. Jewish: Neuman.

A1546.5. A1546.5. Origin of worship from holy books. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1546.6. A1546.6. Origin of fire worship. Jewish: Neuman.

A1546.7. A1546.7. Origin of animal worship.

A1546.7.1. A1546.7.1. Origin of crocodile worship. Africa (Fang): Einstein 50.

A1547. A1547. Origin of funeral customs. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1547.1. A1547.1. Origin of funeral sacrifices. (Cf. A1545.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1547.2. A1547.2. Origin of lute-playing at funerals. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1547.3. A1547.3. Origin of lamentations for the dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1548. A1548. Origin of tithing. Jewish: Neuman.

A1549. A1549. Origin of religious ceremonials--miscellaneous.

A1549.1. A1549.1. Origin of commemorative religious meal (to memorialize death or actions of ancestor or holy person). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1549.2. A1549.2. Origin of sundry religious ceremonials--Jewish: Neuman.

A1549.3. A1549.3. Origin of religious games. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 40.

A1549.4. A1549.4. Origin of penance for sin. Jewish: Neuman.

A1550. A1550. Origin of customs of courtship and marriage. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1551. A1551. Why women do not woo. Esthonian: FFC XXV 142 No. 18; Jewish: Neuman; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 54.

A1552. A1552. Marriage between close relatives.

A1552.1. A1552.1. Why brothers and sisters do not marry. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1552.2. A1552.2. Origin of royal marriages with close relatives. Tonga: Gifford 187.

A1552.3. A1552.3. Brother-sister marriage of children of first parents. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 68.

A1553. A1553. Origin of exogamy and endogamy.

A1553.1. A1553.1. Origin of exogamy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1554. A1554. Origin of love-songs. China: Eberhard FFC CXX 118.

A1555. A1555. Origin of marriage. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 7 No. 26, XXXIII 52 No. 26; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 26; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A1555.1. A1555.1. Origin of wedding ceremony. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1555.1.1. A1555.1.1. Origin of custom of throwing fruits on bridal couple. Jewish: Neuman.

A1555.2. A1555.2. Origin of custom of purchasing wives. Irish Myth: Cross.

A1555.3. A1555.3. Why umbrellas are used to welcome bride to new home. Chinese: Graham.

A1556. A1556. Origin of sexual restrictions. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1556.1. A1556.1. Beginning of law against rape. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1556.2. A1556.2. Origin of celibacy. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 109.

A1556.3. A1556.3. Origin of adultery. It occurs in the primeval human family. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 69.

A1556.3.1. A1556.3.1. Origin of decrying female sinners. Irish myth: Cross.

A1556.4. A1556.4. Origin of jus primae noctis. Jewish: Neuman.

A1557. A1557. Why woman is master of her husband. (Cf. A1372.9.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 98.

A1558. A1558. Origin of divorce. Africa (Akan-Ashanti): Rattray 242 No. 62.

A1559. A1559. Origin of customs of courtship and marriage--miscellaneous.

A1559.1. A1559.1. Origin of the village dormitory. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A1560. A1560. Origin of customs connected with birth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1562. A1562. Origin of medical treatment during pregnancy.

A1562.1. A1562.1. Origin of charms for pregnant women. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 181.

A1565. A1565. Origin of diet during confinement. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 54.

A1566. A1566. Parents learn how to wean their children. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 120.

A1567. A1567. Origin of circumcision. Jewish: Neuman.

A1567.1. A1567.1. Why dust is strewn on wound at circumcision. Jewish: Neuman.

A1570. A1570. Origin of regulations within the family.

A1571. A1571. Origin of code of conduct between husband and wife.

A1571.1. A1571.1. Why husband and wife shall not exchange hats. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 117.

A1575. A1575. Origin of relation of mother and children.

A1575.1. A1575.1. Why a mother has prior claim on her children. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 101.

A1576. A1576. Origin of code of conduct for parents toward children of polygamous marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1577. A1577. Origin of personal names. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 422.

A1577.1. A1577.1. Adam named from first letters of four stars. Irish myth: Cross.

A1578. A1578. Origin of family insignia.

A1578.1. A1578.1. Origin of family crests. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII *235--238.

A1579. A1579. Origin of regulation within the family--miscellaneous.

A1579.1. A1579.1. Why children are not left alone in the house to sleep. Marquesas: Handy 51.

A1580. A1580. Origin of laws. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1580.1. A1580.1. Origin of justice. Irish myth: Cross.

A1580.1.1. A1580.1.1. First judgment in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A1580.2. A1580.2. Laws given directly by deity. Jewish: Neuman.

A1581. A1581. Origin of special penalties.

A1581.1. A1581.1. Origin of penalty for murder. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 401.

A1581.2. A1581.2. Origin of penalty for theft. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1582. A1582. Origin of government. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1583. A1583. Origin of kingdom. Irish myth: Cross.

A1585. A1585. Origin of laws: division of property in a family. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1586. A1586. First surety. Irish myth: Cross.

A1587. A1587. Origin of tabus. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 67; Papua: Kerr 90. C. Tabu.

A1587.1. A1587.1. Tabus instituted by God or creator. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1587.2. A1587.2. Tabus instituted by culture hero. S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

A1589. A1589. Origin of laws--miscellaneous.

A1589.1. A1589.1. Why women are disqualified as witness in court. Jewish: Neuman.

A1590. A1590. Origin of other customs.

A1591. A1591. Origin of burial. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; Finnish: Aarne FFC VII 9 No. 41, XXXIII 53 No. 41.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 226; Maidu: Dixon BAM XVII 44 No. 1.

A1591.1. A1591.1. Burial learned from watching raven bury its dead. Dh I 249.

A1592. A1592. Origin of cremation. Icel.: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 239ff.

A1593. A1593. Why men no longer know time of death. Custom changed when men began to repair fences with stalks when they knew they were to die the next day.--Irish myth: Cross; *Babler Sudetendeutsche Zs. f. Vksk. VII (1934) 171ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3062, Legends Nos. 115--120.--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 142 No. 19; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 84 No. 37.

A1594. A1594. Origin of physicians. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1594.1. A1594.1. Establishment of doctor‘s fees. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 279.

A1595. A1595. Origin of tattooing. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 316f., 367.

A1596. A1596. Origin of army. Irish myth: Cross.

A1596.1. A1596.1. Origin of custom of paying soldiers. Irish myth: Cross.

A1597. A1597. Origin of custom of wearing a beard. Irish myth: Cross.

A1597.1. A1597.1. First men without beards: Cain, Abel. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1597.2. A1597.2. Origin of custom of shaving. Irish myth: Cross.

A1598. A1598. Origin of customs of hospitality. Jewish: Neuman.

A1599. A1599. Origin of additional customs.

A1599.1. A1599.1. Origin of warning beacon. Irish myth: Cross.

A1599.2. A1599.2. Origin of erection of monuments to mark boundaries. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1599.3. A1599.3. Why women wear veils in India. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.4. A1599.4. Why the face must be wiped dry after washing. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3070; Legends No. 122.

A1599.5. A1599.5. Why in addressing anyone the second plural should be used. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3072.

A1599.6. A1599.6. Why earthworms are killed whenever earth is dug. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.7. A1599.7. Why dagger must be always cleaned on the inside of the robe. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.8. A1599.8. Inequalities of fortune among men, otherwise the work of the world will not go on. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.9. A1599.9. Origin of custom of committing suicide by strangling. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.10. A1599.10. Origin of witchcraft. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.11. A1599.11. Origin of quarrels. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.11.1. A1599.11.1. Origin of war. Africa (Togo): Einstein 8.

A1599.12. A1599.12. Origin of covenanted friendships. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.13. A1599.13. Why certain caste is kind to animals. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1599.14. A1599.14. Why a lamp must be lighted in a house at least every fortnight.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.15. A1599.15. Origin of begging. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1599.16. A1599.16. Origin of allusive expression for the story of gods‘ incest and trickery. Marquesas: Handy 123.

A1600--A1699.

A1600--A1699. Distribution and differentiation of peoples.

A1600. A1600. Distribution and differentiation of peoples--general. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1601. A1601. Number of nations of the world (70, 72, 140). Jewish: Neuman.

A1610. A1610. Origin of various tribes. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 328; Persian: Carnoy 298.--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 52 No. 12**; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 85 No. 39; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 34 No. 7, 35 No. 9; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 85 No. 43a; India: Thompson Balys.

A1610.1. A1610.1. Unworthy origin ascribed to hostile tribes. *Dh II 184; Jewish: Neuman; S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.

A1610.1.1. A1610.1.1. Foreigners heads exchanged with those of devils in fight. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 94ff.

A1610.2. A1610.2. Couples placed to establish tribes. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 54, 92, 94, 98.

A1610.3. A1610.3. Origin of races from mixed offspring of animal marriage. Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 85, 125, 200, (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 363, Holm 57.

A1610.4. A1610.4. Tribes from fruits of various trees. S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 108.

A1610.5. A1610.5. Different tribes result from choice of things Sun offers people. S. Am. Indian (Bacairi): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 348.

A1610.6. A1610.6. Tribes from clay models made by creator. S. Am. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 315.

A1611. A1611. Origin of particular tribes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1611.1. A1611.1. Origin of American Indian tribes.

A1611.1.1. A1611.1.1. Origin of the Ojibwa. Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 388, *Skinner JAFL XXXII 290.

A1611.1.2. A1611.1.2. Origin of Eskimo. Eskimo (East Greenland): Holm 57.

A1611.2. A1611.2. Origin of Gypsies. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 5 No. 12; Irish: Beal XXI 304, 325f.

A1611.3. A1611.3. Origin of various African tribes. Jewish: Neuman.

A1611.3.1. A1611.3.1. Origin of Bushmen. Hottentot: Bleek 83 No. 40.

A1611.4. A1611.4. Origin of various tribes of India. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1611.5. A1611.5. Origin of various European peoples.

A1611.5.1. A1611.5.1. Origin of Greeks. Jewish: Neuman.

A1611.5.2. A1611.5.2. Origin of Italians. Jewish: Neuman.

A1611.5.3. A1611.5.3. Origin of Germans. Jewish: Neuman.

A1611.5.4. A1611.5.4. Origin of Celts. Irish myth: Cross (A1611.8).

A1611.5.4.1. A1611.5.4.1. Origin of women in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A1611.5.4.2. A1611.5.4.2. Origin of the Maic Milid (Milesians, Gaels). Irish myth: Cross.

A1611.5.4.3. A1611.5.4.3. Origin of the Tuatha Dй Danann regarded as an early tribe. Irish myth: Cross.

A1611.6. A1611.6. Origin of various Near Eastern peoples. Jewish: Neuman.

A1614. A1614. Origin of white and colored races. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 101 No. 27, (Ekoi): Talbot 387, (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 268, (Fang): Trilles 143, 152, 155, Einstein 178, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 20 No. 3; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 163 No. 33.

A1614.1. A1614.1. Negroes as curse on Ham for laughing at Noah’s nakedness. Dh I 290; *BP III 311; Jewish: Neuman.

A1614.1.1. A1614.1.1. Origin of luchrupain (leprechauns, dwarfs, pygmies) from curses of Ham. Irish myth: Cross.

A1614.1.2. A1614.1.2. Origin of “goat-heads” from curse of Ham. Irish myth: Cross.

A1614.2. A1614.2. Races dark-skinned from bathing after white men. All peoples bathe in the river, the white man first, then in turn, the Spaniard, the Indian, and the negro--each becoming darker because of the condition of the water.--N. A. Indian (Biloxi): Swanton BBAE XLVII 32; Carib: Alexander Lat. Am. 271; American Negro: Harris Remus 163; Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 268, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 57. Cf. Dh. I 247 (Danish).

A1614.3. A1614.3. Light and dark-skinned peoples made from light and dark coconuts. New Britain: Dixon 108.

A1614.4. A1614.4. Origin of tribes from choices made.

A1614.4.1. A1614.4.1. Origin of tribes from kinds of meat they choose. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1614.4.1.1. A1614.4.1.1. Origin of race colors from eating of ox. Those who eat livers are black; those who eat lungs and blood are red.--Herero: Werner African 150.

A1614.4.2. A1614.4.2. Origin of different peoples according to choice of chairs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1614.4.3. A1614.4.3. Origin of different peoples according to choice of bows and arrows or else guns, horses and cattle. Indians choose the former, whites the latter.--S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 360.

A1614.5. A1614.5. Negroes made from left-over scraps at creation. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 632.

A1614.6. A1614.6. Origin of light and dark skin color. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1614.7. A1614.7. Indians and whites from different legs of first man. S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 108.

A1614.8. A1614.8. Black tribe because woman is put on fire. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 175.

A1614.9. A1614.9. Origin of white man. Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 261, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 168.

A1616. A1616. Origin of particular languages. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 142 No. 25; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 9 Nos. 45--47; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 85 Nos. 38, 40; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 35 No. 11; Icel.: Snorra Edda Prologue V; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 123; Jewish: Neuman.

A1616.1. A1616.1. Cold before theft of fire impedes speech: explanation of difficulty of certain languages. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 63.

A1616.2. A1616.2. Origin of Irish language. Irish myth: Cross.

A1617. A1617. Origin of place-name. India: Thompson-Balys. (No attempt is given here to collect references to place-name origins. Stories of this kind are world wide.)

A1618. A1618. Origin of inequalities among men. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1620. A1620. Distribution of tribes. Hebrew: Genesis ch. 10; Indo-Chinese: Scott 292.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 149, (Fjort): Dennett 108 No. 31; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: (general) *Thompson Tales 285 n. 54, (Hopi): Alexander N. Am. 205, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 213; Cakchiquel: Alexander Lat. Am. 181; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): ibid. 315.

A1621. A1621. Reasons for difference in population sizes in different areas. New Guinea: Ker. 138.

A1630. A1630. Wandering of tribes. Icel.: Snorra Edda Prologue IV-V, Hermann Saxo II 85ff.; Hebrew: Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy; Jewish: Neuman; Armenian: Ananikian 65.--N. A. Indian (Thompson, Gros Ventre, Sarcee, Blackfoot, Cheyenne): *Teit MAFLS XI 48ff., (Creek): Alexander N. Am. 63, (Sia): ibid. 203f.; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503, (Mundurucъ): Horton ibid. (3) 281, (Brazil): Oberg. 108.

A1631. A1631. Emergence of tribe from lower world. Creek: Alexander N. Am. 62; Choctaw: ibid. 63; Mandan, Kiowa: ibid. 105; Arikara: ibid. 107; Navaho: ibid. 159; Pima: ibid. 177; Sia: ibid. 203; Hopi: ibid. 205; Warrau (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 273; Amazon tribes: ibid. 309.

A1631.1. A1631.1. Emergence of tribe from lower world stopped by fat woman or pregnant woman who becomes lodged in the hole of egress.--Warrau (Carib tribe): Alexander Lat. Am. 272 (references to Kiowa, Mandan, and Pueblo).

A1631.2. A1631.2. Tribe climbs down from sky to earth. S. Am. Indian (Tropical Forest): Lowie BBAE CLXIII (3) 55.

A1640. A1640. Origin of tribal subdivisions. India: Thompson-Balys; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 502.--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 207; S. Am. Indian (Tropical Forest): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 53.

A1641. A1641. Characteristics of tribal subdivisions. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 216; Laguna and Zuсi: Parsons JAFL XXXI 263.

A1650. A1650. Origin of different classes--social and professional. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 153.

A1650.1. A1650.1. The various children of Eve. Eve has so many children that she is ashamed when God pays her a visit. She hides some of them and they fail to receive the blessing that God gives those in sight. Thus arises the differences in classes and peoples.--*BP III 308ff. (Gr. No. 180); *Dh I 247, II 98f.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 85 No. 41; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 87 No. 758.

A1650.2. A1650.2. Custom of differentiating social classes by color of dress introduced. Irish myth: Cross.

A1650.3. A1650.3. Origin of different trades. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A1650.3.1. A1650.3.1. Why some men are good basket-makers. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1650.3.2. A1650.3.2. How God distributed professions: according to the bodily appearance of men. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3056, Balys Legends No. 107.

A1641. A1641. Origin of castes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1651.0.1. A1651.0.1. Attitude to untouchables. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1651.1. A1651.1. Origin of castes from instructions received in dream. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1651.2. A1651.2. Caste determined by what kind of tree one catches while crossing a river. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1653. A1653. Origin of royalty.

A1653.1. A1653.1. Origin of kings (from god(s)). Icel.: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 241 (Rigsthula), Snorra Edda Prologue.

A1653.2. A1653.2. Origin of a king’s family from a fairy prince. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1654. A1654. Origin of priesthood (shamanism, etc.)

A1654.1. A1654.1. Origin of priests. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1654.2. A1654.2. Origin of diviners. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1655. A1655. Origin of peasantry. Icel.: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 237 (Rigsthula); African (Senegambia): Bйrenger-Feraud II 185ff. No. 2.

A1655.1. A1655.1. Why peasant is always busy: he is eager to produce food for all living beings. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 108.

A1656. A1656. Origin of noblemen. Icel.: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 239 (Rigsthula).

A1656.1. A1656.1. Origin of Polish noblemen: from wheat dough that a bitch devours. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3050, Balys Legends Nos 97, 104ff.

A1657. A1657. Origin of slaves. Icel.: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 235 (Rigsthula); Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A1657.1. A1657.1. Origin of subject tribes (aithech-thuatha). Irish myth: Cross.

A1657.2. A1657.2. Origin of the Fir Bolg (“Men of the Sacks”); so-called because as slaves they were forced to carry earth in sacks (builg). Irish myth: Cross.

A1658. A1658. Origin of professional warriors. Irish myth: Cross.

A1658.1. A1658.1. Origin of fiana (bands of professional warriors). Irish myth: Cross.

A1659. A1659. Origin of different classes--miscellaneous.

A1659.1. A1659.1. Origin of the Fomorians (giants). Irish myth: Cross.

A1659.1.1. A1659.1.1. Fomorians descended from Ham (or Cain). Irish myth: Cross.

A1660. A1660. Characteristics of various peoples--in personal appearance. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 153, Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 234 ff. Irish myth: Cross.

A1661. A1661. Hair and beard of various peoples. Irish myth: Cross.

A1661.1. A1661.1. How the white man got his beard. Cheyenne: Campbell JAFL XXIX 407.

A1661.2. A1661.2. Why the white man has short hair. Cheyenne: Campbell JAFL XXIX 408.

A1661.3. A1661.3. Why Canaanites have curly hair. Jewish: Neuman.

A1662. A1662. Peculiar smell of body.

A1662.1. A1662.1. Why Jews smell bad. They rubbed Christ‘s body with garlic. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1867A.

A1663. A1663. Heads of various people.

A1663.1. A1663.1. Why Babylonians are round headed. Jewish: Neuman.

A1664. A1664. Beauty of various peoples. Jewish: Neuman.

A1665. A1665. Feet of various peoples.

A1665.1. A1665.1. Why Africans have bad feet. Jewish: Neuman.

A1666. A1666. Eyes of various peoples.

A1666.1. A1666.1. Why Canaanites have red eyes. Jewish: Neuman.

A1666.2. A1666.2. Why Palmyrenes have narrow eyes. Jewish: Neuman.

A1667. A1667. Intelligence of various people.

A1667.1. A1667.1. Why Europeans know more than natives. Marquesas: Handy 138.

A1670. A1670. Characteristics of various peoples--in industry and warfare.

A1671. A1671. Tribal characteristics--labor.

A1671.1. A1671.1. Why the negro works. S. Carolina Negro: Davis JAFL XXVII 244; N. Carolina Negro: Brown Collection I 633; Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 225.

A1673. A1673. Tribal characteristics--industry.

A1673.1. A1673.1. Why the Haidas surpass in certain industries. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 213.

A1674. A1674. Tribal characteristics--stealing.

A1674.1. A1674.1. Why it is not a sin for a Gypsy to steal: helpful at crucifixion. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1638, Balys Legends No. 102.

A1674.2. A1674.2. Why Russians like thefts and robberies. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 100.

A1675. A1675. Tribal characteristics--warfare. Irish myth: Cross.

A1676. A1676. Tribal characteristics--bravery or cowardice.

A1676.1. A1676.1. Why the Chittagongs are not as brave as they used to be. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1680. A1680. Characteristics of various peoples--in habits. Irish myth: Cross.

A1681. A1681. Tribal characteristics--eating.

A1681.1. A1681.1. Why Indians chew spruce gum. Loucheux: Barbeau JAFL XXVIII 256.

A1681.2. A1681.2. Why Jews do not eat pork. Jaworskij Der Urquell II 196; Fb “svin” III 676b.--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 142 No. 23; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1867A; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 85 No. 42; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 85 No. 43c.

A1681.3. A1681.3. Why the Muria eat snakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1681.4. A1681.4. Why the Agaria eat rats. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1683. A1683. Tribal characteristics--dress.

A1683.1. A1683.1. Why Russians wear their shirts outside their breeches. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 142 No. 24.

A1683.1.1. A1683.1.1. Why Russians wear red shirts. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 99.

A1683.2. A1683.2. Why a certain tribe wear clothes like dogs (supposed descendants of a bitch mother). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1683.3. A1683.3. Origin of custom of wearing mantles. Irish myth: Cross.

A1683.4. A1683.4. Why certain peoples go nude.

A1683.4.1. A1683.4.1. Why Canaanites go nude. Jewish: Neuman.

A1683.5. A1683.5. Why certain peoples wear only loincloths. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 94.

A1687. A1687. Tribal characteristics--decoration.

A1687.1. A1687.1. Why Zuсi girls rub flour on their faces as they grind. Zuсi: Parsons JAFL XXIX 394.

A1689. A1689. Other origins and originators. Irish myth: Cross.

A1689.1. A1689.1. Why Bhuiya yoke the cow and the bullock together to the plough. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.2. A1689.2. Why Agaria are not afraid of fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.3. A1689.3. Why the Gond and Baiga are omnivorous. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.4. A1689.4. Why Saora wave axes and swords and shout while dancing. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.5. A1689.5. Why the Kamar offer liquor to gods and spirits. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.6. A1689.6. Why Jews read and write from right to left: because of the ugly name of the king of the Jews. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1867C.

A1689.7. A1689.7. Origin of the Russian calendar. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 101.

A1689.8. A1689.8. Why Chapperbands coin false money for a living. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.9. A1689.9. Why Chenchu women are ugly. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.10. A1689.10. Why the Agaria are cultivators. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.11. A1689.11. Why one people is superior in power to another.

A1689.11.1. A1689.11.1. English more powerful than Hindus since latter were late at distribution of qualities. (Both defecating, but Hindu must wash, while Englishman uses paper.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1689.12. A1689.12. Why Egyptians are fond of asses. Jewish: Neuman.

A1689.13. A1689.13. Why Jews keep aloof from other peoples. Jewish: Neuman.

A1690. A1690. Distribution and differentiation of people--miscellaneous.

A1691. A1691. Differentiation between “free” (saer) and “unfree” (daer). Irish myth: Cross.

A1700--A2199.

A1700--A2199. CREATION OF ANIMAL LIFE

A1700--A1799.

A1700--A1799. Creation of animal life--general.

A1700. A1700. Creation of animals. (Cf. Chapter B, Animals.) Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 162; Ekoi: Talbot 149.

A1701. A1701. Creation of animals by God. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1702. A1702. Creation of animals by creator. (Cf. A0.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A1703. A1703. Culture hero creates useful animals. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A1704. A1704. All animals created in couples. Jewish: Neuman.

A1705. A1705. Animals created to serve man. Jewish: Neuman.

A1710. A1710. Creation of animals through transformation. (Cf. A1811.1, A1833.2, A1861.1, A1861.2, A1863, A1887).--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 79, 96, 122f. No. 82; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 98.

A1711. A1711. Animals from transformations after deluge or world calamity. S. Am. Indian (Amazon Tribes): Alexander Lat. Am. 311f., Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367.

A1713. A1713. Creator sent for water: Meantime animals assume present forms. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 59.

A1714. A1714. Animals from various transformed objects. India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22, 465; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL 20 171, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 167, 169, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI, 588, (East Greenland): Rasmussen I, 82, 96, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 261, (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 155, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 79; S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473, (Araucanian): Cooper ibid. (2) 753, (Inca): Rowe ibid. 315, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux ibid. (3) 684.

A1714.1. A1714.1. Animals from transformed cloth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1714.2. A1714.2. Animals from bark thrown on ground. Borneo: Dixon 176.

A1714.3. A1714.3. Animals created from earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1714.3.1. A1714.3.1. Buffaloes emerge from earth, the first man holding the tail of last one. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1715. A1715. Animals from transformed man. (Cf. A2005, A2011.2.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3115, Balys Legends Nos. 216--219, 261f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark 15; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 422; Raratonga (Cook Island): ibid. 101; Tuomatu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1100); S. Am. Indian (Tiatinagua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 449, (Munderucъ): Horton ibid. 281, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux ibid. 685, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 31, 79, (Mataco): Mйtraux ibid. 64.

A1715.1. A1715.1. Animals from Pharaoh’s drowned army. From the army crossing the Red Sea came the various animals.--Dh I 318.

A1715.2. A1715.2. Animals from men transformed for discourtesy to God (Jesus). (Cf. A1831, A1862, A1871.)--*Dh. II 99ff. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1715.3. A1715.3. Seven whistlers are the souls of the Jews who crucified Christ. (Cf. F456.1.1.1.)--England, U.S.: *Baughman.

A1715.4. A1715.4. Animals from transformed men according to favorite food. One man asks for flesh, one for blood, etc. They are changed to mice, cats, and bugs. (Cf. A1811, A1853.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXV 150 No. 71.

A1715.5. A1715.5. Animals from transformed survivors of shipwreck. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1716. A1716. Animals from transformed ogre or giant. Maori: Clark 101.

A1716.1. A1716.1. Animals from different parts of body of slain giant. Giant person, cow, ox, etc.--Persian: Carnoy 288.--Borneo, Philippines: Dixon 177.

A1724. A1724. Animals from transformed parts of the body (animal or human). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1724.1. A1724.1. Animals from body of slain person. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1724.1.1. A1724.1.1. Animals from severed fingers of woman. (Cf. A2102.)--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 272; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1724.2. A1724.2. Animals from transformed hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1724.3. A1724.3. All living things from Jesus‘ spattered blood. Laguna, Zuсi: Parsons JAFL XXXI 257.

A1725. A1725. Animals from parts of body of deity or saint.

A1725.1. A1725.1. Animals from spittle of deity (saint). (Cf. A2181, A2182.)--*DhII 107ff.

A1725.2. A1725.2. Animals from body dirt of deity (hero). India: Thompson-Balys.

A1727. A1727. Primordial animal mutilated to produce present form. Maori: Clark 50; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 135, 436, 500.

A1730. A1730. Creation of animals as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1731. A1731. Creation of animals as punishment for beating forbidden drum. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 89 No. 16.

A1732. A1732. Creation of animals to take revenge. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1733. A1733. Creation of animals as punishment for incest. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1734. A1734. Animals from frogs sent as one of Egypt‘s plagues. Jewish: Neuman.

A1750. A1750. Animals created through opposition of devil to god.

A1751. A1751. The devil’s animals and God‘s. In the contest between God and the devil, certain animals are made by each. Dh. I 164 (with lists of the animals). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3081, Legends Nos. 124--130; German: Grimm No. 148.

A1751.1. A1751.1. Mouse created by Lucifer; cat by Michael to destroy mouse. (Cf. A1811. A1853.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A1755. A1755. Devil‘s unsuccessful creation produces certain animals. (Cf. A1811, A1833.1, A1862, A1893.)--Dh I 156.

A1756. A1756. Devil produces animals only in God’s name. He tries unsuccessfully without using God‘s name. Dh I 146ff. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3086; Legends Nos. 139--146, 152.

A1757. A1757. Dualism of animal creation. persian: Carnoy 291.

A1758. A1758. Animals created while god Mahadeo quarrels with his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1770. A1770. Creation of animals from unusual primeval mating. S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.

A1771. A1771. Animals from mating of sun and moon. S. Am. Indian (Jivarу): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 627.

A1772. A1772. Animals born from primeval mating of snake and person. S. Am. Indian (Tapirapй): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 253.

A1790. A1790. Creation of animals--other motifs.

A1791. A1791. Giant ox ancestor of all animals. Persian: Carnoy 289.

A1792. A1792. Animals vomited up by creator. Bushongo: Werner African 144.

A1793. A1793. Animals emerge from tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 287; S. Am. Indian (Warrau): Kirchhoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

A1795. A1795. Animals drop from clouds. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1800--A1899.

A1800--A1899. Creation of mammals.

Note: A1800--A1899 is based upon the following classification of mammals:

A1810--A1819.

A1810--A1819. Felidae.

A1820--A1829.

A1820--A1829. Mustelidae.

A1830--A1839.

A1830--A1839. Canidae and other carnivora.

A1840--A1859.

A1840--A1859. Rodentia.

A1860--A1869.

A1860--A1869. Primata.

A1870--1889.

A1870--1889. Ungulata.

A1890--1899.

A1890--1899. Other mammals.

A1800. A1800. Creation of mammals. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1810--A1839.

A1810--A1839. CREATION OF CARNIVORA

A1810. A1810. Creation of felidae.

A1811. A1811. Creation of cat. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 150 No. 71 (cf. A1715.4); Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 No. 55, XXXIII 53 No. 55, Dh I 166, 273 (cf. A1751.); ibid. I 157 (cf. A1755.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3120, Legends No. 133, 195, 220f.; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1811.1. A1811.1. Cat from transformed eagle. Eagle mistakes stick of wood for fish and gets feet caught. Wind blows off feathers and makes hair. (Cf. A1710.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 No. 54.

A1811.2. A1811.2. Creation of cat: sneezed from lion’s nostrils. Devil as mouse gnaws hole in bottom of ark. Noah asks lion‘s help. Lion sneezes and cat comes from lion’s nostril and eats mouse. *Dh I 271ff.

A1811.3. A1811.3. Cat of divine origin; is really praying when he purrs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1815. A1815. Creation of tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Apapocuvu-Guaranн): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138.

A1817. A1817. Creation of jaguar. S. Am. Indian (Mojo): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 424.

A1820. A1820. Creation of mustelidae.

A1821. A1821. Creation of otter.

A1821.1. A1821.1. Creation of sea otter. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XX 139.

A1824. A1824. Creation of marten. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 432.

A1830. A1830. Creation of canidae and other carnivora.

A1831. A1831. Creation of dog. Dh I 164 (Cf. A1751); ibid. II 101 (Cf. A1715.2).--Irish: Beal XXI 330; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 72; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 436, 500; Maori: Clark 50; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 47; Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 376.

A1831.1. A1831.1. Dog created as watch-dog for Jesus. Jesus, left to watch the herd, creates the dog to drive off the wolf. *Dh II 118.

A1831.2. A1831.2. First lapdog in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A1832. A1832. Creation of fox. India: Thompson-Balys; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A1833. A1833. Creation of wolf. (Cf. A1751.) Dh I 147ff., I 164.--Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 259.

A1833.1. A1833.1. Devil makes wolf; God gives him life. (Cf. A1755.)--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 145 No. 39. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3086; Legends Nos. 139--146.

A1833.2. A1833.2. Wolf from man transformed by magician. (Cf. A1710.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 14 No. 76.

A1833.3. A1833.3. Wolf as God’s dog. German: Grimm No. 148.

A1834. A1834. Creation of coyote and other canidae.

A1834.1. A1834.1. Creation of coyote.

A1834.2. A1834.2. Creation of jackal. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1834.3. A1834.3. Creation of hyena. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1836. A1836. Creation of bear. Dh II 99 (Cf. A1715.2.)--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 41; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3112; Legends Nos. 175, 216ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 370, Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 171, (West Hudson Bay): Boas ibid. 307, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 172.

A1837. A1837. Origin of seal. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 637, 639.

A1838. A1838. Origin of walrus. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 587.

A1840. A1840. Creation of rodentia.

A1853. A1853. Creation of mouse. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 150 No. 71 (Cf. A1715.4); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3120. Legends No. 220f.

A1853.1. A1853.1. Creation of mouse by devil in ark. (Cf. A1811.2.)--*Dh I 166, 273; *Fb “mus” II 632a.; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 No. 55, XXXIII 53 No. 55.

A1853.1.1. A1853.1.1. Mice engendered after flood from rottenness: no mice on ark. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 66.

A1854. A1854. Creation of rat. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1854.1. A1854.1. Why we have rats: one escapes from slaughter of rats. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1856. A1856. Creation of hare (rabbit). Dh I 164; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 639, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 263.

A1857. A1857. Creation of mongoose. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1858. A1858. Creation of porcupine. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1860. A1860. Creation of primata. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1861. A1861. Creation of monkey. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 189f.; S. Am. Indian (Macovi): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 35.

A1861.1. A1861.1. Monkeys from children hidden by Eve when God visited her. (Cf. A1650.1, A1710.)--BP III 320f.; Dh I 247.

A1861.2. A1861.2. Creation of monkeys: old woman thrown into fire. In unsuccessful imitation of Christ, the smith throws an old woman into the fire. She becomes a monkey. (Cf. A1710.)--Dh II 168.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 13 No. 68; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 46; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 68; German: Grimm No. 147.--Cf. Type 753.

A1861.3. A1861.3. Creation of monkey: lazy man. *Fb “abe” IV 2a.

A1862. A1862. Creation of ape. Dh I 156ff. (Cf. A1755); ibid. I 164 (Cf. A1751); ibid. II 100 (Cf. A1715.2.)--Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 74; Palestine: Schmidt-Kahle Volkserzдhlungen aus Palestina I No. 59; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 121f. 411 s.v. “Affen entstehen”; Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 38.

A1863. A1863. Creation of baboon. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 349 No. 4; Zulu: Callaway 178 (transformed men, cf. A1710).

A1870. A1870. Creation of ungulata.

A1871. A1871. Creation of hog (pig). Dh II 102--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 144 No. 34; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 88 No. 68; India: Thompson-Balys; Rarotonga (Cook Island): Beckwith Myth 101.

A1871.0.1. A1871.0.1. God’s urine used to make pig. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1871.1. A1871.1. Origin of wild boar. Jewish: Neuman.

A1871.2. A1871.2. Origin of peccary. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A1872. A1872. Creation of hippopotamus. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 386.

A1873. A1873. Creation of camel. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1875. A1875. Origin of deer. India: Thompson-Balys (A1888).

A1875.0.1. A1875.0.1. First deer in Ireland--introduced by Tuatha Dй Danann. Irish myth: Cross (A1888.1).

A1875.1. A1875.1. Origin of reindeer. Kodiak: Jochelson JE VI 224; Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 215 588, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 454; N. Am. Indian (Kathlamet): Boas RBAE XXVI 109.

A1876. A1876. Creation of moose (elk). Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 258.

A1876.1. A1876.1. Creation of caribou. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 167, 306, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 80.

A1877. A1877. Creation of cow. Dh I 164 (Cf. A1751).--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 120 No. 77; Masai: Werner African 149.

A1877.1. A1877.1. First cattle in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A1878. A1878. Creation of bison (buffalo). Cheyenne: Alexander N. Am. 127; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1878.1. A1878.1. Origin of wild and domestic buffalo. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1881. A1881. Creation of horse. Dh. I 155, 164 (Cf. A1751); *Fb “hest” I 599; Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 213 ff.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 No. 58; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3092, Legends No. 135f., 153--160; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 189.

A1881.0.1. A1881.0.1. Horse lives from time of Adam on. Irish myth: Cross.

A1881.1. A1881.1. Creation of white horse. Man takes skin of horse and substitutes a white bedspread. Dh. III 86.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 12 No. 60.

A1882. A1882. Creation of ass. (cf. A1751.) Dh I 164.--Jewish: Neuman.

A1882.1. A1882.1. Creation of ass: proud horse. (Cf. A1730.) Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86. No. 58a.

A1884. A1884. Creation of sheep. Dh I 154f., 164 (Cf. A1751).--India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 115.

A1884.0.1. A1884.0.1. First sheep in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A1884.1. A1884.1. Creation of mountain sheep. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 454.

A1885. A1885. Creation of goat. Dh I 153f., 164 (Cf. A1751); Fb “gjed” IV 178a.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3090, Legends Nos. 149--152; German: Grimm No. 148; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1887. A1887. Creation of elephant. Benga: Nassau No. 3 (Cf. A1710); Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 363 No. 15; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1889. A1889. Creation of ungulata--miscellaneous.

A1889.1. A1889.1. Creation of tapir. S. Am. Indian (Munderucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 281.

A1890. A1890. Creation of other mammals.

A1893. A1893. Creation of mole. Dh I 156ff. (Cf. A1755).--England, U.S.: *Baughman.

A1895. A1895. Creation of bat. Dh I 155f. (Cf. A1755), ibid. III 268 (Cf. A1710.)--Finnish. Aarne FFC VIII 16 No. 84 (Cf. A1751), ibid. 15 No. 81; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 45; Flemish: DeMeyer XXXVII 86 No. 81; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1896. A1896. Creation of anteater. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A1897. A1897. Creation of armadillo. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A1900--A1999.

A1900--A1999. Creation of birds.

Note: A1900--A1999 is based on the following classification of birds.

A1910--A1929.

A1910--A1929. Passeriformes.

A1930--A1939.

A1930--A1939. Falconiformes.

A1940--A1949.

A1940--A1949. Charidriiformes.

A1950--A1959.

A1950--A1959. Coraciiformes.

A1960--A1969.

A1960--A1969. Ciconiiformes.

A1970--A1999.

A1970--A1999. Miscellaneous birds.

A1900. A1900. Creation of birds. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 46; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 123 No. 83; 127; Maori: Clark 15; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 29, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A1901. A1901. Various birds from Pharaoh‘s drowned army. (Cf. A1715.1).--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 15 No. 82, Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 48; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 45.

A1903. A1903. God makes birds, devil reptiles. (Cf. A1751).--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 105, XXXIII 54 No. 105; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 148 No. 58; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 124--129.

A1904. A1904. The oldest bird. Irish Myth: Cross.

A1910. A1910. Creation of passeriformes.

A1911. A1911. Creation of lark. Dh I 164 (Cf. A1751).--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3148; Legends Nos. 124ff., 258f.

A1912. A1912. Creation of thrush (nightingale).

A1912.1. A1912.1. Creation of thrush. Dh I 164 (Cf. A1751).

A1912.2. A1912.2. Creation of nightingale. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 147 No. 52; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 78; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3150; Greek: Grote I 182 (Philomela).

A1912.3. A1912.3. Creation of robin. Naskapi: Speck JAFL XXVIII 74.

A1917. A1917. Creation of swallow. Dh III 414ff. (cf. A1710); ibid. I 164 (cf. A1751).--Greek: Grote I 182 (Procne); Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 15 No. 83, 16 No. 85 (cf. A1751); Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 147 No. 50; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 79 (cf. A1710); Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 127; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 37 No. *243.

A1918. A1918. Creation of titmouse. (cf. A1710.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 80.

A1919. A1919. Creation of crow (raven). Dh I 164 (Cf. A1751).--India: Thompson-Balys.

A1921. A1921. Creation of jay. Dh I 164 (cf. A1751).--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 54 No. 96** (cf. 1715.2), No. 95**.

A1922. A1922. Creation of magpie. Dh I 164 (cf. A1751).--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 16 No. 88.

A1924. A1924. Creation of blackbird. Irish myth: Cross.

A1926. A1926. Creation of finch. Dh I 164 (cf. A1751).

A1927. A1927. Creation of sparrow. Dh I 165 (cf. A1751).--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 130; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1928. A1928. Creation of myna (bird). India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1930. A1930. Creation of faiconiformes.

A1931. A1931. Creation of vulture. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A1937. A1937. Creation of hawk. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 17 No. 95 (cf. A1710); India: Thompson-Balys.

A1938. A1938. Creation of kite. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1940. A1940. Creation of charidriiformes. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 18 No. 101 (waterbird).

A1941. A1941. Creation of plover (known as seven whistlers). (Cf. A1715.1.)--England, U.S.: Baughman.

A1942. A1942. Origin of snipe.

A1942.1. A1942.1. Snipe from man admitted neither to heaven nor to hell. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 18 No. 99. Cf. Type 330A and 330B.

A1944. A1944. Creation of sandpiper.

A1944.1. A1944.1. Creation of sandpiper: Pharaoh’s cook calls drowned army to dinner. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 53 No. 82**.

A1945. A1945. Creation of gull.

A1945.1. A1945.1. Gull from transformed cat. A cat catches a strong fish with her claws. The fish carries the cat on its back to the sea, where the gull originates from the cat. (Cf. A1710.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 18 No. 102.

A1945.2. A1945.2. Gull a transformed ravished maiden. While he is sleeping, the maiden the hero has stolen is ravished by another man. The hero thereupon turns her into a gull. (Cf. A1710.)--Finnish: Kalevala Rune 38.

A1946. A1946. Creation of quail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1947. A1947. Creation of pigeon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1947.1. A1947.1. Creation of sea pigeon. Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 263, (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 161.

A1948. A1948. Creation of dove. Dh I 164 (cf. A1751).--S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

A1950. A1950. Creation of coraciiformes.

A1951. A1951. Creation of the kingfisher. India: Thompson-Balys, Chinese: Graham.

A1952. A1952. Creation of hoopoe. Transformed shepherd. (Cf. A1710, A2261.1.)--*BP III 286 (Gr. No. 173); Dh III 394; Greek: Grote 182 (Tereus).

A1957. A1957. Creation of woodpecker.

A1957.1. A1957.1. Woodpecker from devil‘s herdsman transformed. The devil strikes his herdsman so that he turns into a bird who continually calls after his beloved cow. (Cf. A1710.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 80.

A1958. A1958. Creation of owl. (Cf. A1710.)--Fb “ugle” III 964b.--Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 47; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1958.0.1. A1958.0.1. The owl is a baker’s daughter who objected to the size of the dough put into the oven for Jesus when he appeared in her house as a beggar. Type 751A (woodpecker). (Cf. A1710.) England, U.S.: Baughman.*

A1960. A1960. Creation of ciconiiformes.

A1965. A1965. Creation of bittern. Maori: Clark 101.

A1965.1. A1965.1. Bittern from Pilate transformed. (Cf. A1710.)--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 148 No. 56.

A1965.2. A1965.2. Bittern from transformed shepherd. (Cf. A1710, A2261.1.)--*BP III 286 (Gr. No. 173); Dh III 394.

A1966. A1966. Creation of stork. (cf. A1715.)--Dh II 102; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1970. A1970. Creation of miscellaneous birds.

A1975. A1975. Creation of diver (bird). Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 45 n. 2 (cf. A1710).

A1981. A1981. Origin of swan.

A1981.0.1. A1981.0.1. Origin of swans from two fowls fed in Urd‘s well. Icel.: Snorra Edda Gylf. XVI, Boberg.

A1983. A1983. Creation of duck. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1988. A1988. Creation of chicken. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1992. A1992. Creation of crane. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1993. A1993. Creation of cuckoo. Dh II 99, 101 (Cf. A1715.2.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 78; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 88 No. 94a; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3134ff., Legends Nos. 248--252; India: Thompson-Balys.

A1993.1. A1993.1. Cuckoo a transformed baker. *Fb “bager” IV 20b.

A1994. A1994. Creation of parrot. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503, (Paressi): Mйtraux ibid. 359.

A1996. A1996. Creation of peacock. India: Thompson-Balys.

A1997. A1997. Creation of papiha. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2000--A2099.

A2000--A2099. Creation of insects.

A2000. A2000. Creation of insects. Knortz Die Inzekten in Sage, Sitte und Literatur (Annaberg 1910). Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2001. A2001. Insects from body of slain monster. Usually the monster is burnt; sometimes the insects come from his head, sometimes from his body as it burns. (Cf. A1716.1.)--*Dh I 279, III 152ff., 164ff., 170ff. (dragon); *Fb “myre”, “myg”; Persian: Carnoy 288; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 386; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 23, 128; Japanese: Ikeda; N. Am. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 275.

A2001.1. A2001.1. Insects from brains, blood, and bones of slain helpful animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2002. A2002. Origin of insects from various experiences of saint. Dh I 192f.

A2002.1. A2002.1. The god Mahadeo turns wood chips into insects. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2003. A2003. Origin of insects: released from sack. God places them in a sack and gives it to hare to carry to stream. He must not look in the sack. When he does so the insects escape. The hare laughs and this is the cause of his split lip.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 104; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3131, Legends Nos. 232--244.

A2004. A2004. Insects from devil’s post-hole. Devil is given enough land to dig a post-hole. From this come all kinds of insects. To stop them a burning log is put in the hole. Insects therefore hate smoke. Dh I 173--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 21 No. 120, XXXIII 55 No. 120.

A2005. A2005. Origin of insects: God throws sand on lazy shepherds. (Cf. A1716.1).--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 150 No. 70.

A2006. A2006. Origin of insects: monstrous births from brother-sister incest. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2010. A2010. Creation of hymenoptera.

A2011. A2011. Creation of ant. *Fb “myre” (cf. A2001); India: Thompson-Balys.

A2011.1. A2011.1. Creation of ant by devil. *Fb “myre”. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 23 (cf. A2001).

A2011.2. A2011.2. Creation of ant: avaricious man transformed. (Cf. A1715, A1730.)--Dh IV 272f.--Wienert FFC LVI 79 (ET 450), 134 (ST 395); Halm Aesop 294.

A2012. A2012. Creation of bee. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2012.0.1. A2012.0.1. Creation of honey-bees: transformed man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2012.1. A2012.1. Creation of bee to provide wax for candles in church. (Cf. B259.4.)--*Dh II 129ff.

A2012.2. A2012.2. First bees in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A2012.3. A2012.3. God sends stinging bees to punish men. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 187.

A2013. A2013. Creation of hornet. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2020. A2020. Creation of coleoptera.

A2021. A2021. Creation of beetle. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 63.

A2021.1. A2021.1. Beetle‘s special sacredness. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2030. A2030. Creation of diptera.

A2031. A2031. Creation of fly. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2031.1. A2031.1. Creation of fly: punishment for laziness. (Cf. A1730.)--Dh II 111ff.

A2031.2. A2031.2. Flies on the ark. Noah tries to keep them out. Devil says that either the flies go in or he does. Noah chooses the lesser of two evils. Later the devil slips in nevertheless. Dh I 268.

A2032. A2032. Creation of flea. Cf. Type 276**.--Japanese: Ikeda.

A2032.1. A2032.1. Creation of flea: punishment for laziness. (Cf. A1730.)--Dh II 111ff.

A2032.2. A2032.2. Creation of flea: to give women work. (Cf. A2051.1.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 89 No. 125a; cf. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 103.

A2032.3. A2032.3. Origin of flea: from squirrel. (Cf. A1710.).--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 105.

A2032.4. A2032.4. Creation of flea: God plagues the devil with fleas. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 131ff.

A2033. A2033. Creation of gnat. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 102.

A2033.0.1. A2033.0.1. Gnats created by devil to worry God. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 131f.

A2033.1. A2033.1. Origin of gnats in Lapland. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 60.

A2034. A2034. Origin of mosquitoes. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Hatt Asiatic Influences 89f.; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 264; S. Am. Indian (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 294; N. Am. Indian (Kaska): Teit JAFL XXX 445.

A2034.1. A2034.1. Deity’s wife creates mosquitoes to drive her husband out of jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2034.1.1. A2034.1.1. Mosquitoes created by goddess to make sleeping outside impossible to men. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 128.

A2034.1.2. A2034.1.2. Deity creates mosquitoes to irritate other gods. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 128.

A2034.2. A2034.2. Mosquitoes from bones of slain demon flung into the air. (Cf. A2001.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2034.3. A2034.3. Mosquitoes from ashes of bad woman. (Cf. A2001.)--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 128.

A2040. A2040. Creation of lepidoptera.

A2041. A2041. Creation of butterfly. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2050. A2050. Creation of hemiptera.

A2051. A2051. Creation of louse. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 61; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 263.

A2051.1. A2051.1. Louse created to give women work. (Cf. A2032.2.)--*Fb “lus”.

A2052. A2052. Creation of bugs. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 71.

A2053. A2053. Creation of maggots. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2060. A2060. Creation of orthoptera.

A2061. A2061. Creation of cockroach. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2061.1. A2061.1. Origin of cockroach in Finland. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 22 No. 125.

A2062. A2062. Origin of locust. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 90 No. 125b.--Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 76.

A2063. A2063. Creation of cricket. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2064. A2064. Creation of grasshopper. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2070. A2070. Creation of miscellaneous insects.

A2091. A2091. Origin of spider.1 (Cf. A1751.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 22 No. 122; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2091.1. A2091.1. Arachne transformed to spider: vies with goddess in spinning. Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Arachne”.

A2092. A2092. Origin of scorpion. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2092.1. A2092.1. Origin of leaf-scorpion. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2093. A2093. Origin of mantis. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2094. A2094. Creation of fireflies. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2095. A2095. Creation of lac insects. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2100--A2199.

A2100--A2199. Creation of fish and other animals.

A2100--A2139.

A2100--A2139. CREATION OF FISH

A2100. A2100. Creation of fish. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth; 287, 422; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G 3/1100); S. Am. Indian: (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 84.

A2110. A2110. Creation of particular fishes.

A2111. A2111. Creation of pike. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 56.

A2112. A2112. Creation of mullet. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 63.

A2115. A2115. Origin of olachen. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 203f.

A2121. A2121. Creation of mackerel. Dh I 156.

A2122. A2122. Origin of bonito. Tonga: Buford 57.

A2125. A2125. Origin of salmon. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 206.

A2126. A2126. Origin of flounder.

A2126.0.1. A2126.0.1. Origin of flounder from Virgin Mary‘s half-eaten fish. (See A2305.1.2.)--*Dh II 1ff.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 21 No. 116, XXXIII 55 No. 116; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 91 No. 91; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 149 No. 64; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3180, Legends No. 282.

A2126.1. A2126.1. Origin of sole. New Hebrides: Codrington 372.

A2127. A2127. Origin of catfish. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2131. A2131. Creation of eel. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXV 149 No. 62; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 287.

A2132. A2132. Creation of prawns. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2135. A2135. Origin of whale.1 Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 637; Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 452.

A2135.1. A2135.1. Origin of narwhal. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 169, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 79.

A2135.2. A2135.2. Creation of leviathan. Jewish: Neuman.

A2137. A2137. Creation of sharks: from a savage tribe. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2140. A2140. Creation of reptiles. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2145. A2145. Creation of snake (serpent). Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 106; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 54; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 149 No. 62; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buin: Wheeler Mono-Alu 28; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 96; S. Am. Indian (Tembй): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 140; Africa (Congo): Weeks 213.

A2145.0.1. A2145.0.1. Origin of horned serpent. N. Am. Indian (Creek): Swanton BBAE LXXXVIII 32f.

A2145.1. A2145.1. Snake from blood of slain monster. Medusa. (Cf. A1724, A2001.)--Greek: Fox 34.

A2145.2. A2145.2. Snake preserved in ark: to stop hole with tail. Dh I 277.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 107, XXXIII 54 No. 107; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 149. No. 61; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 192ff.

A2145.3. A2145.3. Snake created to suck poison from earth. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 149 No. 60; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2145.4. A2145.4. Snake from devil‘s slaver. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 148 No. 59.

A2145.5. A2145.5. Adder harmful to holy person transformed to blindworm. (Cf. A1710, A1730, A2231.7.)--Dh II 7.

A2146. A2146. Creation of crocodile. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2147. A2147. Creation of tortoise (turtle). India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 96; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22, 465; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A2148. A2148. Creation of lizard. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2148.1. A2148.1. Creation of chameleon. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2148.2. A2148.2. Origin of salamander. Jewish: Neuman.

A2160--A2199.

A2160--A2199. ORIGIN OF AMPHIBIANS AND OTHER ANIMAL FORMS

A2160. A2160. Origin of amphibia.

A2161. A2161. Origin of toad. *Fb “lжrke” II 499b (Cf. A1755).--Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 124ff., 128f.; Jewish: Neuman.

A2162. A2162. Origin of frog. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 55 No. 11; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 55 (Cf. A1710).--Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 127fl, 202; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Naskapi: Speck JAFL XXVIII 74.

A2170. A2170. Origin of miscellaneous animal forms. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2171. A2171. Origin of crustaceans.

A2171.1. A2171.1. Origin of crayfish.

A2171.1.1. A2171.1.1. Crayfish from devil’s fleas shaken off in water. (Cf. A1710.)--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 151 No. 73.

A2171.2. A2171.2. Creation of crab. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2171.3. A2171.3. Origin of lobster. Tahiti: Henry 339.

A2171.4. A2171.4. Origin of shrimp. Tahiti: Henry 339.

A2181. A2181. Origin of snail.

A2182. A2182. Origin of worm.

A2182.1. A2182.1. Origin of silkworm. *Dh II 107ff. (cf. A1725.1).--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 79.

A2182.2. A2182.2. Origin of leech. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2182.3. A2182.3. Origin of earth-worm. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2182.4. A2182.4. Origin of cutworm. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 135.

A2182.5. A2182.5. Origin of multipede. Jewish: Neuman.

A2200--A2599.

A2200--A2599. ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

A2200--A2299.

A2200--A2299. Various causes of animal characteristics.

A2200. A2200. Cause of animal characteristics. See “Register” to Dдhnhardt (III 537ff.); also articles scattered through RTP, e. g., V 244, VI, 314, 473, VII 479, VIII 557, IX 165, 491, 646, X 26, 176, 301, 363, XII 667, XIII 344, XIV 379, XV 425, XVI 445, XVII 150, 344, 578.--Jewish: Neuman; Australian: Dixon 290; Miwok: Powers CNAE III 359; Karok: ibid. 36; Alsea: Frachtenberg BBAE LXVII 47ff.; Southern Ute: Lowie JAFL XXXVII 14 No. 6.

A2201. A2201. All qualities of animals appear with their creation. Jewish: Neuman.

A2210. A2210. Animal characteristics: change in ancient animal. (Cf. A2311.)--Dh III 7ff.

A2211. A2211. Animal characteristics: accidental action of ancient animal.

A2211.1. A2211.1. Lynx views country from mountainside: cause of his squint. (Cf. A2330.2.)--Ojibwa: Jones-Michelson PAES VII (II) 131 No. 10.

A2211.2. A2211.2. Rabbit laughs: cause of hare-lip. (Cf. A2216.3, A2234.4, A2342.1.)--*Type 47A; *BP III 75 n. 1.--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXV 144 No. 35; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 89 No. 71; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2211.3. A2211.3. Wolf falls out of nest: cause of straight back. (Cf. A2356.2.2.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 53 No. 76**.

A2211.4. A2211.4. Why some whales die on land: first whale did so. Tuamotu Stimson MS (z--G 13/320).

A2211.5. A2211.5. Shrew blows nose into snout. Sent after fire, he finds but a little which he tries to revive by hard blowing.--Fang: Nassau 234 No. 3.

A2211.6. A2211.6. Spider carries large stone on head and drops it: hence spiders under stones. (Cf. A2433.5.3.)--Gold coast: Barker and Sinclair 84 No. 13.

A2211.7. A2211.7. Birds cling to sky in flood: cause of tail colors. (Cf. A2412.2.)--N. Am. Indian: *Thompson Tales 287 n. 57a.

A2211.8. A2211.8. Lizard dips head in palm-oil: cause of red head. (Cf. 2320.3.)--Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 278.

A2211.9. A2211.9. Lizard swallows fish bone: hence head bobs up and down. (Cf. A2474.1.)--Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 278.

A2211.10. A2211.10. Tortoise left out in rain: hard shell develops. (Cf. A2312.1.)----Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 115 No. 20.

A2211.11. A2211.11. How rattlesnake became harmful: earthworm feeds him chili pepper. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 68.

A2211.12. A2211.12. Buffalo helps tiger quench fire: white mark left on buffalo‘s neck where tiger held on while being ducked in water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2211.13. A2211.13. Stag defeated by snail vomits his gall-bladder. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2211.14. A2211.14. Rat defecates on octopus’s head: origin of tubercles on head. Tonga: Gifford 206.

A2211.15. A2211.15. Goddess scatters pubic hairs on fish: why he has so many bones. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (t--G 2/44).

A2212. A2212. Animal characteristics from great fear. *Dh III 243ff.

A2212.1. A2212.1. Frightened rabbit puts head in charred tree: hence black ears. (Cf. A2325.2.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VII 13 No. 71.

A2212.2. A2212.2. Frightened animals scatter: cause of present habitat of each. (Cf. A2433.1.)--Kaffir: Theal 172, 176.

A2213. A2213. Animal characteristics from squeezing or stretching ancient animal. (See A2231.9).

A2213.1. A2213.1. Ancient animal squeezed: hence small size. (Cf. A2302.)--Dh III 2--7 (hazel-grouse, squirrel, eagle, wolf, snake‘s head.)

A2213.2. A2213.2. Animal pressed: hence facial or bodily marks. (Cf. A2412.4.)--Dh III 54, (cf. I 201f., 248, II 195); India: Thompson-Balys.

A2213.2.1. A2213.2.1. Wildcat’s (Lynx‘s) face mashed in. (Cf. A2230.1.)--Dh III 5, 6.--N. Am. Indian: *Thompson Tales 300 n. 99; Australian: Dixon 290 (wombat).

A2213.2.2. A2213.2.2. Tortoise pressed into earth: hence humpy back. (Cf. A2356.2.9.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 380.

A2213.2.3. A2213.2.3. Baboon pressed on hot, flat rock: hence bald place on his back. (Cf. A2317.10.)--Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 39 No. 19; Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 74.

A2213.2.4. A2213.2.4. Why lobster is shallow: insulted cattle step on it. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 13, No. 2.

A2213.3. A2213.3. Animals‘ size increased by stretching. (Cf. A2312.1, A2301.)--Dh III 2--5 (fish, bat, flying squirrel, monkey).

A2213.4. A2213.4. Animal characteristics changed by stretching.

A2213.4.1. A2213.4.1. Coyote’s muzzle pulled out long. (Cf. A2335.4.4.)--Dh III

A2213.4.2. A2213.4.2. Fox‘s tail pulled out long. (Cf. A2378.3.4.)--Dh III 3.

A2213.4.3. A2213.4.3. Mouse’s nose pulled out long. Salinan: Mason U. Cal. XIV 64.

A2213.5. A2213.5. Animal characteristics from being struck.

A2213.5.1. A2213.5.1. Mole struck on head in attempt to steal fire: hence his flat head. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 109.

A2213.5.2. A2213.5.2. Fish struck by coconut: hence flat tail. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (t-G 3/600).

A2214. A2214. Animal characteristics from dropping ancient animal from air.

A2214.1. A2214.1. Swallow thrown on his tail: cause of split tail. (Cf. A2378.5.1.)--Dh II 126, III 419.--Aarne FFC VII 16 No. 85; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 85.

A2214.2. A2214.2. Ant thrown from heaven: hence narrow waist. God decides dispute between ant and spider in spider‘s favor. (Cf. A2355.1.2.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VII 22 No. 124, XXXIII 55 No. 124; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 149 No. 66; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 89 No. 124; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3200, Legends Nos 291--94; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2214.3. A2214.3. Unicorn thrown from ark and drowned: hence no longer exists. Dh I 287f.

A2214.4. A2214.4. Crab thrown to ground: breaks into small pieces. Hence crabs are small. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2214.5. A2214.5. Tortoise hurled on rock: half falls on land, half in water. Therefore amphibious. African (Nigeria): Herskovits JAFL XLIV 448ff.

A2214.5.1. A2214.5.1. Tortoise dropped by eagle: hence cracks in his shell. (Cf. A2312.1.1.)--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 373 No. 23.

A2214.6. A2214.6. Bat falls from high perch due to extreme heat of sun’s rays, breaks bones, etc. Hence peculiar feet and nose. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2215. A2215. Animal characteristics from throwing members at ancient animal.

A2215.1. A2215.1. Stick (leaf) thrown at animal‘s rump: hence tails. (Cf. A2378.3.3.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 14 No. 77 (wolf).--Banks Is.: Dixon 144 (rat).

A2215.2. A2215.2. Hare runs away at creation; almost loses tail. When, as the most timid of all beasts, he runs away, God throws a tail at him from a pile of tails. (Cf. A2378.4.1.)--Dh III 185.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 13 No. 72; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 72.

A2215.3. A2215.3. Bowl placed on turtle’s back: hence his shell. (Cf. A2312.1.)--British New Guinea: Dixon 145.

A2215.4. A2215.4. Red fruit thrown at rail‘s (bird’s) head: hence red lump on head. (Cf. A2321.8.)--Banks Is: Dixon 144.

A2215.5. A2215.5. Fox struck with churn-dash: hence white tail. (Cf. A2378.8.1.)--Cf. Type 3.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 15 No. 79; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 43.

A2215.6. A2215.6. God throws diver‘s feet after him; hence his feet reach backward. (Cf. A2371.2.9.) Dh III 46.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 18 No. 103.

A2216. A2216. Animal characteristics: members bitten or cut off. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G 13/441).

A2216.1. A2216.1. Bear fishes through ice with tail: hence lacks tail. (Cf. A2378.2.4.)--*Type 2; Dh III 49.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 14 No. 78; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 42; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 78; Japanese: Ikeda.

A2216.2. A2216.2. Devil pulls off goats’ tails: hence lack tails. (Cf. A2378.2.2.)--*BP III 200 (Gr. No. 148).

A2216.3. A2216.3. Moon splits hare‘s lip with hatchet: hence hare-lip. (Cf. A2211.2, A751.5.1, A2342.1.)--Hottentot: Bleek 72 No. 33.

A2216.4. A2216.4. Bush-rat bites off tortoise’s tail: hence tortoise‘s short tail. (Cf. A2378.4.4.)--Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 70.

A2216.5. A2216.5. Hawk’s tail cut in two by sword as he is being transformed. Cause of his forked tail. (Cf. A2378.5.2.)--Dh III 54.

A2216.6. A2216.6. God as falcon has tail cut off: hence falcon‘s short tail. Icel.: Boberg.

A2216.7. A2216.7. Formerly animals have ears like elephant’s: hare bites them off. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2217. A2217. Appearance of animal from marking or painting.

A2217.1. A2217.1. Birds painted their present colors. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3158; N. Am. Indian: *Boas RBAE XXXI 664, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 208 No. 1 (10), (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 66 (robin redbreast).

A2217.2. A2217.2. Chipmunk‘s back scratched: hence his stripes. As he is trying to escape, bear catches him with his claws and marks him permanently. (Cf. A2413.2.)--Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 111 No. 13, 422 No. 78, Curtin Seneca 437, 505.

A2217.3. A2217.3. Marks on certain fish from fingerprints. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G 13/317, t--G 3/600).

A2217.3.1. A2217.3.1. Marks on certain fish from St. Peter’s fingerprints. (Cf. A901, A2217.2, A2412.4).--Dh II 180 ff., III 55.--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 89 No. 119b; Irish: Beal XXI 305; England: Baughman.

A2217.3.2. A2217.3.2. Marks on certain fish from devil‘s fingerprints. England: *Baughman.

A2218. A2218. Animal characteristics from burning or singeing. (Cf. A2378.8.4, A2411.1.2.5, A2411.1.3.2, A2411.1.4.1, A2411.1.6.5, A2411.2.1.1, A2411.2.1.4, A2411.2.1.9, A2411.2.1.7, A2411.2.1.11, A2411.2.5.2, A2411.2.5.1, A2411.2.1.15, A2411.2.6.8, A2411.4.2, A2411.4.3, A2411.5.3.)--Dh III 71ff; Chinese: Graham.

A2218.1. A2218.1. Raven caught in smoke-hole: hence is black. (Cf. A2411.2.1.5.)--Dh III 72, 77ff.--N. A. Indian: *Boas RBAE XXXI 652, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 203 No. 1 (3).

A2218.1.1. A2218.1.1. Animal scorches self while putting out fire in land of fire, woe and darkness. Wales: Baughman.

A2218.2. A2218.2. Jackal carries sun in bag on back; burns his back black. (Cf. A721.1, A2356.3.2.)--Hottentot: Bleek 67 No. 29.

A2218.3. A2218.3. Animal who steals fire scorched: cause of his color. (Cf. A1415.)--Dh III 93ff.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2218.4. A2218.4. Coyote burnt when hay is set afire: hence yellow patch behind his ears. Salinan: Mason U. Cal. XIV 88, cf. 107.

A2218.5. A2218.5. Robin steals fire, has breast scorched. England: Baughman.

A2218.6. A2218.6. Raven singes feet on hot stones: why its wings clap when it flies. (Cf. A2442.2.1.)--Dh III 72.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 17 No. 91.

A2218.7. A2218.7. Rabbit burns self under chin when he steals an ember. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 109.

A2218.8. A2218.8. Eel burned by torch: hence red eyes. Marquesas: Handy 80.

A2219. A2219. Other accidents to ancient animal.

A2219.1. A2219.1. Animal has color spilled on him: cause of his color. (Cf. A2391.1, A2411.1.1.1, A2411.1.2.4, A2411.1.3.1, A2411.2.1.1, A2411.1.4.2, A2411.1.6.3, A2411.2.1.4, A2411.2.1.6, A2411.2.4.1, A2411.2.6.1, A2411.2.6.5, A2411.2.6.6, A2411.2.6.11, A2411.4.1.)--Dh III 64ff.--India: Thompson-Balys; Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 366 No. 17; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

A2219.2. A2219.2. Cow swallows book; cause of maniplies in stomach. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2219.3. A2219.3. Only one serpent had sting: fed poison to the rest. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2220. A2220. Animal characteristics as reward.

A2220.1. A2220.1. Hedgehog’s skin reward for good deed. (Cf. A2311.4.)--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 44.

A2221. A2221. Animal characteristics reward for pious act. (Cf. A2231.).

A2221.1. A2221.1. Animals blessed for honoring infant Jesus. (Cf. A2231.4, A2356.2.7, A2381.1.)--Dh II 15f., 195ff.; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 58c (cross on back of ass).--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 13 No. 67 (hog has good flesh); French: Sйbillot France III 256.

A2221.2. A2221.2. Animals blessed for good services at crucifixion. (Cf. A2231.2.)

A2221.2.1. A2221.2.1. Flies on Christ‘s body rewarded. They look like nails and prevent more nails being driven. They may eat at the king’s table. (Cf. A2545.1.) Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 150 No. 68 (cf. No. 69).

A2221.2.2. A2221.2.2. Blood from cross on robin redbreast: He helps Jesus; rewarded with red breast. (Cf. A2353.2.)--Fb “rodkjжlk”.--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 54 No. 92**; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 82; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 92**; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3130, Legends Nos. 229ff.; England: Baughman.

A2221.2.3. A2221.2.3. Blood of scourged Christ on certain spiders. (Cf. A2411.3.2.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 89 No. 122a.

A2221.2.4. A2221.2.4. Swallows lift Christ‘s crown of thorns from his brow: why their nests are not destroyed. (Cf. A2431.3.5.)--Fb “svale” III 660b; Sйbillot RTP III 156.

A2221.2.4.1. A2221.2.4.1. Swallows put on mourning at crucifixion: have never taken it off. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 37 No. *243.

A2221.2.4.2. A2221.2.4.2. Crossbill, attempting to draw thorn from the crown of thorns, twists bill in the attempt. England: Baughman.

A2221.3. A2221.3. Markings on animals as recollections of Christ’s life and sufferings. (cf. A2412.)--Dh II 227ff.

A2221.4. A2221.4. Ant collects incense and myrrh for Christ: grows thin in middle. (Cf. A2451.1, A2453.1.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 98.

A2221.5. A2221.5. Animal blessed for helping holy fugitive. (Cf. A2231.7.1.)--Dh II 53ff.--Irish: Beal XXI 306; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 100.

A2221.5.1. A2221.5.1. Ox helps patriarch who in joy kisses him on the lips: hence no hair on ox’s lips. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 118, 304, *Neuman.

A2221.6. A2221.6. Animal blessed for obedience to deity.

A2221.6.1. A2221.6.1. Bird coloring as reward for obedience to deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2221.7. A2221.7. Dove returns to ark in obedience to Noah: receives sheen of raven. Irish myth: Cross.

A2221.8. A2221.8. Squirrel‘s markings and immunity from falling as reward by deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2221.9. A2221.9. Why sheep walk with bowed heads: they have remained so after having bowed to God. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2221.10. A2221.10. Sheep helpful to the Lord: get wool. Irish: Beal V 271.

A2221.11. A2221.11. Deity rewards animal for bringing him water: cause of present characteristics. Maori: Clark 54.

A2222. A2222. Animal characteristics reward for hospitality.

A2222.1. A2222.1. Thrush‘s hospitality to peacock rewarded by being given motley coat of feathers. (Cf. A2411.2.1.1.)--Type 235.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 81.

A2223. A2223. Animal characteristics reward for helpfulness.

A2223.1. A2223.1. Cat helps man build house: may occupy chimney corner. (Cf. A2233.2, A2433.3.1.)--Dh III 203f.

A2223.2. A2223.2. Bird carries deity (his daughter) home from land of skulls: given brilliant plumage. (Cf. A2313.4, A2321.6, A2421.5.)--African (Ekoi): Talbot 276.

A2223.3. A2223.3. Mouse gathers rice for man: may eat a little of his rice daily. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2223.4. A2223.4. Pike helps Christ cross stream: made king of fishes. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 286.

A2223.5. A2223.5. Dog guards master’s life and wealth: may eat before other animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2223.6. A2223.6. Tortoise given hard shell when it ferries rice-goddess across stream. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2223.7. A2223.7. Ravens show Adam how to bury dead: are born with white feathers. Jewish: Neuman.

A2223.8. A2223.8. Chameleon saves hero’s life: may change color. Fang: Einstein 96.

A2229. A2229. Animal characteristics as reward--miscellaneous.

A2229.1. A2229.1. Dog rescues cow‘s teats from fire: origin of his black muzzle. (Cf. A2335.4.3.)--*Dh III 72ff., 500--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 10 No. 48, XXXIII 53 No. 48; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 143 No. 27.

A2229.2. A2229.2. Dog lets devil into church to steal: rewarded with dog-skin. (Cf. A2311.1.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 10 No. 50.

A2229.3. A2229.3. Owl will not betray curate: therefore may live in steeple. (Cf. A2433.4.1.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 88 No. 98b.

A2229.4. A2229.4. Fly steals fire from spider: may eat everywhere. Spider brings fire from hell. Fly steals it from him on the way. (Cf. A2545.1.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 101.

A2229.5. A2229.5. Cuckoo delivers other birds from their cruel king: they agree to hatch out cuckoo’s young. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3137; Legends Nos. 253ff.

A2229.6. A2229.6. Bird has red spot on its tail as reward for having moved woman‘s organ to its present position. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2230. A2230. Animal characteristics as punishment.

A2231. A2231. Animal characteristics: punishment for impiety. (Cf. A2221, A2311.8, A2422.2, A2302.2, A2355.1.2, A2542.1.)--Dh II 252f. (fish).--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 17 No. 97, XXXIII 54 No. 97 (hazelcock).

A2231.1. A2231.1. Animal characteristics: punishment for discourteous answer to God (saint). (Cf. A2411.2.6.)--Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 53.

A2231.1.1. A2231.1.1. Discourteous answer: why cow (horse) is always eating. When God (Peter) wants to use the cow (horse) the excuse is made that she (he) is eating. Curse: “May you always be eating!” (Cf. A2472.1, A2478.)--Dh II 93; *Fb “hest” IV 211b.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 No. 59 (horse); ibid. 12 No. 62 (cow); Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 143 No. 32 (horse); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3094, Legends Nos. 163--175.

A2231.1.2. A2231.1.2. Discourteous answer: flounder’s crooked mouth. When God asks him where he is going, instead of answering he turns to go toward God. His mouth becomes crooked. (Cf. A2341.1.)--Dh III 24f.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 21 No. 117; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 91 No. 92; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 89 No. 117; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3178, Legends Nos. 273--281.

A2231.1.3. A2231.1.3. Discourteous answer: why crab has eyes behind. (Cf. A2332.4.1.)--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 151 No. 74; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3178, Legends Nos. 273--281.

A2231.1.4. A2231.1.4. Discourteous answer: tortoise‘s shell. Zeus celebrates a wedding and invites the animals. Tortoise is late. Why? “I like my house.” “May you bear your house always.” (Cf. A2312.1.)--Dh IV 275f.--Wienert FFC LVI 76 (ET 424), 139 (ST 443); Halm Aesop No. 154.

A2231.2. A2231.2. Animal characteristics: punishment for hostility at crucifixion. (Cf. A2221.2.)--Dh II 202ff.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 251f., 264.

A2231.2.1. A2231.2.1. Crane will not weep at crucifixion: must suffer thirst in August and break bills. Is the only bird who will not weep. (Cf. A2234.1, A2435.4.2.)--Kцhler-Bolte I 3.

A2231.2.2. A2231.2.2. Swallows torment Christ on cross: lose voice. (Cf. A2422.9.)--Fb “svale” III 660b.

A2231.3. A2231.3. Animal characteristics: punishment for working on holy day.

A2231.3.1. A2231.3.1. Cuckoo builds nest on Annunciation Day: has no nest. (Cf. A2431.2.1.)--Dh II 6.

A2231.3.2. A2231.3.2. Bees work on Sabbath: may not get honey from red clover. (Cf. A2435.5.1.)--*Dh III 306ff.--North Carolina: Brown Collection I 634.

A2231.4. A2231.4. Frog fails to honor infant Jesus: loses tail. (Cf. A2221.1, A2378.2.3.--Dh II 17.

A2231.5. A2231.5. Spider vies with Virgin Mary in spinning: cursed. Dh II 253.

A2231.6. A2231.6. Spider steals thread from Christ: has thread in back of body. (Cf. A2356.2.8.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 22 No. 123; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 149 No. 65.

A2231.7. A2231.7. Animal harmful to holy person cursed.

A2231.7.1. A2231.7.1. Animal cursed for betraying holy fugitive. (Cf. A2221.5.)--Dh II 51ff.; Child V 491 s.v. “partridge”; Ireland: Baughman.

A2231.7.1.1. A2231.7.1.1. Beetle cursed for betraying Holy Family on way to Egypt; beetle now has its eyes always on the ground. Ireland, Scotland: *Baughman.

A2231.7.2. A2231.7.2. Animal cursed for refusing to carry holy fugitive across stream. (Cf. A2371.2.1.)--Dh II 88ff.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 286.

A2231.7.3. A2231.7.3. Tortoise cursed for going under water while ferrying rice-goddess: people will be able to kill it with iron-made spears. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2231.8. A2231.8. Toad refuses to weep over its dead children: dries up when dead. Cursed by Virgin Mary. (Cf. A2234.4, A2468.2.)--Dh II 247f.

A2231.9. A2231.9. Fish in deluge deride God: are flattened with blow. They mock God for his powerlessness over them. (Cf. A2213, A2305.1, A2354.1.)--Dh I 290.

A2231.10. A2231.10. Crab beats deity‘s forbidden drum: eyes lift out of body. (Cf. A2332.4.2.)--Fjort: Dennett 123.

A2231.11. A2231.11. Beetle demands return of gold from God: must hum. In his overweening pride he hits fence and ever afterward has hummed. (Cf. A2426.3.1.)--Dh. III 376.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 22 No. 121.

A2231.12. A2231.12. Buffaloes fail to come at god’s leavetaking: now are killed by tigers. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2231.13. A2231.13. Loris refuse to look at sun who comes out when they are dancing: hence never looks at sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2232. A2232. Animal characteristics: punishment for immoderate request. Dissatisfied animal finds that when his request is granted he is worse off than before.--*Dh III 176ff.

A2232.1. A2232.1. Camel asks for horns: punishment, short ears. (Cf. A2325.4.)--Dh IV 265f.; *Kцhler-Bolte I 579; *Crane Vitry 148f. No. 37; Jewish: Neuman; *Chauvin II 110 No. 76, 118 No. 102 (ass), Sйbillot RTP II 492; Wienert FFC LVI 78 (ET 437); 109 (ST 215, 389); Halm Aesop No. 184.

A2232.2. A2232.2. Bees pray for sting: punishment, first sting suicidal. (Cf. A2346.1.)--Dh IV 266; Wienert FFC LVI 77 (ET 434), 110 (ST 216); Halm Aesop No. 287.

A2232.3. A2232.3. Beetle makes immoderate request; ant moderate: inverse awards. Creator hears wishes of animals. Beetle wants strong, noble appearance. Ant is modest. Beetle punished by being made to creep on ground. Ant is given own castle. (Cf. A2441.3.1.) Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 92 No. 97.

A2232.4. A2232.4. Griffin disdains to go on ark; drowned: hence extinct. Dh I 288.

A2232.5. A2232.5. Animals ask for goddess‘s perfume: punishment, bad odor. (Cf. A2416.1.)--Tshi: Ellis 338.

A2232.6. A2232.6. Birds who aspire to blackbird’s coat punished. (Cf. A2412.2.2.)--Ila (Rhodesia); Smith and Dale 351 No. 6.

A2232.7. A2232.7. Peacock given ugly feet so as to prevent too great arrogance. (cf. A2375.2.2.)--Dh I 196.

A2232.8. A2232.8. Dog‘s embassy to Zeus chased forth; dogs seek ambassador: why dogs sniff each other under leg. (Cf. A2471.1.)--*Dh IV 137ff.

A2232.9. A2232.9. Ants ask God to give them wings: wind blows them away. Cyprus: Hadjioannou 64.

A2232.10. A2232.10. Raven attempts to imitate dove: punished with awkward gait. Jewish: Neuman.

A2232.11. A2232.11. Donkeys ask immediate reward from God: eat their own excrements. Jewish: Neuman.

A2233. A2233. Animal characteristics: punishment for laziness. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS 79.

A2233.1. A2233.1. Animals refuse to help dig well (make road) and are punished. *Type 55; *Dh III 312ff., 323.

A2233.1.1. A2233.1.1. Animals refuse to help dig well: may not drink from river or spring. (Cf. A2435.1.1.)--Type 55; Dh III 312ff.--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 148 No. 54; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 83; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3096, Legends Nos. 176--182.

A2233.1.2. A2233.1.2. Snake refuses to help make road: dies on road. (Cf. A2441.4.1.)--Type 55.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 108.

A2233.1.3. A2233.1.3. Shrew refuses to help make road: dies on road. (Cf. A2468.1.)--Dh III 323f.; cf. Type 55.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 15 No. 80; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3098, Legends Nos. 183--191.

A2233.1.4. A2233.1.4. Sloth refuses to help make road: may not look upon sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2233.2. A2233.2. Dog will not help build house: must remain out of doors. (Cf. A2223.1, A2433.3.2.)--Dh III 203f.

A2233.2.1. A2233.2.1. Too cold for hare (dog) to build house in winter, not necessary in summer: must go without house. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 72*, Legends No. 214; Finnish: Aarne Index No. 72*; Russian: Andrejev No. 72**.

A2233.3. A2233.3. Owl as watchman goes to sleep: does not see by day. He is placed as watchman of wren who is imprisoned in a mousehole. (Cf. A2332.6.6.)--Type 221; *Dh IV 172ff.

A2233.4. A2233.4. Grasshopper builds no house for winter; ant strikes him blind: therefore born blind. (Cf. A2332.6.3.)--Dh III 21.

A2233.4.1. A2233.4.1. Bird neglects to build nest: goes without. (Cf. A2431.2.)--Dh. III 202ff.

A2234. A2234. Animal characteristics: punishment for disobedience. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2234.1. A2234.1. Raven does not return to Noah: must suffer thirst and break bill. (Cf. A2231.2.1, A2411.2.1.5, A2435.4.3.)--Variant: he is cursed to be black or to eat carrion. *Kцhler-Bolte I 3; Dh I 284; Irish myth: Cross.

A2234.1.1. A2234.1.1. Raven does not return to ark in obedience to Noah: black color is resulting punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A2234.2. A2234.2. Animals eat deity’s forbidden fruit: punished. (Cf. A2371.3.1.)--African (Ekoi): Talbot 377.

A2234.3. A2234.3. Lemur looks where forbidden: has big eyes. (Cf. A2332.3.1.)--Fang: Nassau 235 No. 3.

A2234.4. A2234.4. Hare weeps for mother when forbidden: moon hits him and cleaves lip. (Cf. A2211.2, A2231.8, A2342.1.)--Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 59.

A2235. A2235. Animal characteristics caused by animal‘s lateness at distribution of qualities. (Cf. A2378.2.5.)--Dh III 182ff.--India: Thompson-Balys; Mpongwe: Nassau No. 11 (hog lacks horns); Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 145 No. 28 (leopard cannot catch game that passes him on right side); Congo: Weeks 213 No. 9 (water snake lacks poison): Zulu: Callaway 355 (hydrax lacks tail); Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 368 No. 19 (zebra lacks horns); Marshall Islands: Davenport 222.

A2236. A2236. Animal characteristics: punishment for planning man’s downfall. Jewish: Neuman.

A2236.1. A2236.1. What creature has sweetest blood: gnat‘s tongue torn out. Assembly to decide who has the sweetest blood so that it may be the food for the serpent. Gnat discovers that man has the sweetest blood. Rather than let him tell this secret, swallow tears out his tongue. Gnat can only buzz. (Cf. A2344.2, A2426.3.2.)--Dh I 281, 332ff.; Circassian: Nicolaides and Carnoy RTP I 80; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 192.

A2236.2. A2236.2. Animal characteristics: punishment for carrying devil into paradise.

A2236.2.1. A2236.2.1. Snake carries devil into paradise: loses feet. (Cf. A2371.3.1.)--Dh I 207--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2236.2.2. A2236.2.2. Peacock has snake carry devil into paradise: cursed with ugly voice and feet. (Cf. A2375.2.2, A2423.1.2.)--Dh I 206.

A2236.3. A2236.3. Animal punished for not warning of devil’s temptation in Eden. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2236.4. A2236.4. Magpie tells man he is to die next day: no tongue and long tail. God pulls out his tongue and makes his tail long for doing this forbidden thing. (Cf. A2344.2.6, A2378.3.1.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 16 No. 89.

A2236.5. A2236.5. Animal punished for not heralding dawn. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2236.6. A2236.6. Nit tries to bore through man‘s head: must remain at edge of hair. (Cf. A2433.5.1.)--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 151 No. 72; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 94 No. 106.

A2236.7. A2236.7. Jay carries sulphur to devil in hell: must be quiet at noon. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 633.

A2236.8. A2236.8. Cat commanded to pray so as not to slay man: why cat purrs. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3121. Legends Nos. 222ff.

A2237. A2237. Animal characteristics punishment for meddling.

A2237.1. A2237.1. Animal reveals mistress’s adultery: punished by master. (Cf. A2411.2.1.5, A2422.1.1.).--Greek: Fox 280 (raven becomes black).--Zuсi: Handy JAFL XXXI 464 No. 17 (dog loses power of speech).

A2238. A2238. Animal characteristics: punishment for greed.

A2238.1. A2238.1. Rabbit (frog) eats seed-grain from fields: nose closed during sowing season. (Cf. A2335.2.4.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 21 No. 119; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 290.

A2238.2. A2238.2. Ring-dove eats man‘s grain: man may kill him. Similarly francolin and guinea fowl. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 351 No. 6.

A2238.3. A2238.3. Fish eat other fish: guilty must swim deep. (Cf. A2444.1.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 104.

A2238.4. A2238.4. Diver eats nests of small birds: must not nest away from water. (Cf. A2431.3.2.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 104.

A2239. A2239. Animal characteristics from miscellaneous punishments.

A2239.1. A2239.1. Hare punished for perjury: eyes deep in head. (Cf. A2332.4.1.).--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 13 No. 70.

A2239.2. A2239.2. Fly punished for failing to answer question: is speechless, buzzes and associates with foul things. (Cf. A2426.3.3, A2433.5.2.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 384.

A2239.3. A2239.3. Ass betrays deity’s secret: hence his ugly bray. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2239.3.1. A2239.3.1. Owl reveals deity’s secret: power of speech removed. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2239.4. A2239.4. Woodpecker punished for stinginess. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 633.

A2239.5. A2239.5. Animals punished for assaulting women. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2239.6. A2239.6. Ass has cross on shoulders from being struck by Balaam. (Cf. A2356.2.7.)--England: Baughman.

A2239.7. A2239.7. Crocodile is punished for trying to attack man he is carrying: has only half tongue. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2239.8. A2239.8. Animal punished for hardheadedness (frog toothless, mole sightless). Jewish: Neuman.

A2239.9. A2239.9. Why mouse is crushed whenever she crosses a road: elephant‘s curse. Africa (Sandeh): Casati I 221.

A2239.10. A2239.10. Why elephant hurts himself when running through the grass: mouse’s curse. Africa (Sandeh): Casati I 221.

A2240. A2240. Animal characteristics: obtaining another‘s qualities. Jewish: Neuman.

A2241. A2241. Animal characteristics: borrowing and not returning. Animal borrows a member (or quality) from another and refuses to return it. (Cf. A2242, A2313.3, A2345.1, A2351.3, A2375.2.1, A2421.4, A2435.4.1.)--*Dh III 130 ff.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 268ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2241.1. A2241.1. Stag’s horns borrowed from dog. (Cf. A2326.1.1.)--Dh. III 131.

A2241.2. A2241.2. Owl‘s wings borrowed from rat (or other animal). Dh III 131.

A2241.3. A2241.3. Partridge’s voice borrowed from tortoise. Dh III 132.

A2241.4. A2241.4. Cuckoo borrows food from other birds. (Cf. A2435.4.1.)--Dh III 133.

A2241.5. A2241.5. Nightingale borrows blindworm‘s eye. Each has one eye. Nightingale borrow’s blindworm‘s and will not return it. (Cf. A2332.6.1.)--*Type 234; *Dh III 136ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte I 72.--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 55 No. 110** (frog in place of nightingale).--Japanese: Ikeda; English: Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet III v. 31.

A2241.6. A2241.6. Jay borrows cuckoo’s skin. (Cf. A2313.1.)--*Type 235.

A2241.7. A2241.7. Squirrel borrows coney‘s tail. When coney’s tail is not returned, he goes in shame to live among rocks. (Cf. A2378.1.5, A2433.3.5.)--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 357 No. 10.

A2241.8. A2241.8. Boy borrows python‘s hands and feet: hence python lacks them. (Cf. A2371.3.1.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 374.

A2241.9. A2241.9. Hornbill borrows tomtit’s bill. (Cf. A2343.1.4.)--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 374 No. 24.

A2241.10. A2241.10. Beaver borrows muskrat‘s tail and never gives it back. Menomini: Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 405.

A2241.11. A2241.11. Monkey borrows tail from deer and refuses to return it. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2242. A2242. Animal characteristics: obtaining for feast and not returning. (Cf. A2378.1.5, A2378.2.6.)--*Dh III 133ff.

A2243. A2243. Animal characteristics: lending and refusing to receive back. Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 117.

A2243.1. A2243.1. Spider hands box to ant and refuses to take it back: hence ants carry huge loads. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 66 No. 9.

A2245. A2245. Animal characteristics: stolen from another animal. (Cf. A2313.3, A2375.2.2.)--Dh III 127f.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2245.1. A2245.1. Thrush steals woodcock‘s song. (Cf. A2423.1.1, A2423.2.1.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 18 No. 98.

A2247. A2247. Animal characteristics: exchange of qualities. (Cf. A2313.2, A2326.1.2. A2326.1.4, A2326.2.1, A2332.6.5, A2345.4, A2378.1.3, A2378.1.4, A2421.2, A2421.3, A2431.3.3, A2431.3.4, A2435.3.1, A2435.3.2.)--Dh III 123--126.--Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 307, (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 159.

A2247.1. A2247.1. Buffalo and cow exchange hides: hence bad fitting hides. (Cf. A2311.6.)--Indonesian: *De Vries’s list No. 97.

A2247.2. A2247.2. Snake and turtle exchange head for fangs. Explains snake‘s fangs and snake-like head of turtle. (Cf. A2320.2, A 2345.5.)--Australian: Dixon 291.

A2247.3. A2247.3. Rhinoceros exchanges his red hide for hippopotamus’s black. (Cf. A2411.1.6.2., A2411.1.6.7.)--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 372 No. 22.

A2247.4. A2247.4. Dove and magpie exchange eggs--dove‘s seven for magpie’s two: why dove has two eggs. (Cf. A2486.3.)--*Type 240.

A2247.5. A2247.5. Toad trades his tail for mole‘s eyes. Spanish: Boggs: FFC XC 38 No. 287.

A2247.6. A2247.6. Beaver and muskrat exchange tails. Malecite: Speck JAFL XXX 481f.

A2250. A2250. Animal characteristics: result of contest. *Dh III 141ff.--Arawak and Carib: Alexander Latin American 274; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A2250.1. A2250.1. Cock and ptarmigan in contest: winner to live in town. (Cf. A2433.1.1, A2433.4.2, A2433.4.3.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 54 No. 83*; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 147 No. 49.

A2250.1.1. A2250.1.1. Man and tiger in contest: winner to live in town. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2250.2. A2250.2. Lizard wins contest with toad: why snakes and lizards change their skins. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2251. A2251. Animal characteristics from contest in carrying.

A2251.1. A2251.1. Ant carries load as heavy as himself. Defeats bear, raven (or other bird). Various explanations. (Cf. A2435.3.3, A2486.1.)--*Type 280; *Dh III 144.

A2252. A2252. Animal characteristics determined by race. *Dh III 142ff.

A2252.1. A2252.1. Race of animals to see where each shall live. (Cf. A2433.1.1.)--*Dh III 145.

A2252.2. A2252.2. Race of ox and horse: ox must labor. Horse wins and ox must serve as draft animal. (Cf. A2515.1.)--*Dh III 144.

A2252.3. A2252.3. Race of culture hero with ostrich: ostrich loses beautiful feathers. (Cf. A2402.2.)--Dh III 145.

A2252.4. A2252.4. Flounder complains in race: crooked mouth. In race between fish he cries out in jealousy because herring is winning. He is punished with crooked mouth. (Cf. A2341.1.)--*Dh IV 192--197; *BP III 284 (Gr. No. 172).

A2253. A2253. Animal characteristics from jumping contest.

A2253.1. A2253.1. Dog burned in jumping contest over fire: enmity between dog and hare. Dh III 324.

A2254. A2254. Bird characteristics from flying contests. German: Grimm No. 171.

A2255. A2255. Animal characteristics result of lawsuit.

A2255.1. A2255.1. Wool on his forehead awarded sheep in lawsuit. He is given the privilege of keeping it when the rest of his body is shorn. (Cf. A2322.5.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 12 No. 64.

A2255.2. A2255.2. Lizard loses lawsuit: must bob his head. Lizard and ant accused of theft of king‘s crow. Ant pours boiling water down lizard’s throat. When case is tried, lizard cannot talk but only bobs head up and down. Adjudged guilty and condemned to bob his head eternally. (Cf. A2474.1.)--Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 48 No. 5.

A2256. A2256. Animal characteristics from contest in watching.

A2256.1. A2256.1. Hare and man contest in watching for leaf to fall off tree. First one to succeed may eat other. Hare loses. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2257. A2257. Animal characteristics from duel.

A2257.1. A2257.1. Why tiger does not attack wild boar until latter is old: result of duel. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2258. A2258. Animal characteristics: as a result of quarrel. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2260. A2260. Animal characteristics from transformation.

A2261. A2261. Animal characteristics from transformation of animal.

A2261.1. A2261.1. Shepherd transformed to bird still calls sheep: explanation of bird cries. Usually told of hoopoe and bittern. (Cf. A1952, A1965.2, A2275.3, A2425, A2426.2.3, A2426.2.4.)--*Dh III 392--396; BP III 285 (Gr. No. 173).--Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 123 No. 83, 127.

A2261.2. A2261.2. Spider transformed for greediness: now occupies dark corners. (Cf. A2433.5.3.)--Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 69 No. 10.

A2261.3. A2261.3. Catfish transformed from woman still carries women‘s tatoo marks. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2261.3.1. A2261.3.1. Catfish transformed from children still carry marks of children’s knife holder. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2261.4. A2261.4. Woodpecker transformed from stingy woman: therefore stingy. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 633.

A2261.5. A2261.5. Weeping man turned into owl; still bewails sorrows. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2261.6. A2261.6. Snipe messenger for warriors because he was a messenger when a man. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G 13/10).

A2262. A2262. Animal characteristics from transformation of implement (or other object). (Cf. A2335.3.1, A2378.3.3, A2378.4.1.)--*Dh III 14ff.

A2262.1. A2262.1. Horse originally had eyes on feet: put out and became eyelike marks. (Cf. A2371.2.7.)--Dh III 45.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 12 No. 61.

A2262.2. A2262.2. Pegs driven into backs of baboons become tails. (Cf. A2378.9.2, A2378.1.1.)--Bushman (South of Zambesi): Theal 56.

A2262.3. A2262.3. Serpent steals from God‘s coat a stick for his back. (Cf. A2356.1.1.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 109.

A2270. A2270. Animal characteristics from miscellaneous causes.

A2271. A2271. Animal characteristics learned from another animal.

A2271.1. A2271.1. Thrush teaches dove to build nest. (Cf. A2431.3.1.)--*Type 236; Dh III 191ff.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 17 No. 93; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 88 No. 93.

A2271.2. A2271.2. Sparrow taught to sing by lark but not sufficiently: where sparrow got voice. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 266.

A2272. A2272. Animal characteristics: imitation of other animal or object.

A2272.1. A2272.1. Animal cries: imitation of sounds. (Cf. A2425.)--*BP II 283, III 365.

A2272.1.1. A2272.1.1. Nightingale hears boy call oxen: learns her song. (Cf. A2426.2.1.)--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 147 No. 53.

A2272.1.2. A2272.1.2. Cricket hears water hiss on hot iron: learns his song. (Cf. A2426.3.4.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 93 No. 99.

A2272.1.3. A2272.1.3. Garden warbler hears smith beat iron: learns his song. (Cf. A2426.2.2.)--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 148 No. 55.

A2272.2. A2272.2. Lizard’s tail imitated from snake‘s. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 20 No. 110, XXXIII 55 No. 110.

A2275. A2275. Animal habit a reminiscence of former experience.

A2275.1. A2275.1. Animal cries a lament for person lost when animal was transformed. (Cf. A2260, A2425.)--Dh III 387.--Benga: Nassau 163 No. 21; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2275.2. A2275.2. Animal cries a lament over animal’s transformation. (Cf. A2425, A2426.2.5.)--*Dh III 376ff.

A2275.3. A2275.3. Animal cries reminiscent of former life as man. (Cf. A2261.1, A2426.2.3, A2426.2.4.)--Dh III 394ff., 398ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2275.4. A2275.4. Animal cries recall ancient adventure. The ancient animal cries out in difficulty. The present animal has the same cry. (Cf. A2426.1.1, A2426.4.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys; Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 139; Angola: Chatelain 217 No. 38.

A2275.4.1. A2275.4.1. Green pigeon cheated out of its chick: is always mourning. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2275.5. A2275.5. Animal‘s seeking attitude from ancient loss. The ancient animal loses something. Its descendants are forever seeking for the lost object. This explains the characteristic bearing of certain animals. (Cf. A2471.)

A2275.5.1. A2275.5.1. Hog loses pancake in mud: still seeks it. (Cf. A2471.2, A2477.1, Z24.1.)--*Dh III 280ff.; (Cf. Type 2025.)

A2275.5.2. A2275.5.2. Hawk (vulture) loses grandmother: still hovers and seeks her. (Cf. A2471.3.)--Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 274, (Cameroon): Mansfield 233.

A2275.5.3. A2275.5.3. Bat, diver, and thornbush shipwrecked. Bat brought money, bush put on clothes, and diver brought leather. All shipwrecked. Diver is looking for his leather. Bush looks for his clothers and holds fast to all passers-by. Bat is abroad only at night to escape creditors. (Cf. A2471.4, A2491.1.)--*Dh IV 273f; *BP I 137. (Gr. No. 18).--Wienert FFC LVI 35; Halm Aesop No. 306.

A2275.5.4. A2275.5.4. Dolphins seek King Solomon’s ring. He loses his magic ring in the sea. They are sent by God to get it. This is why they go up and down in the sea. (Cf. A2444.2.)--Dh I 331; Jewish: Neuman.

A2275.5.5. A2275.5.5. Dog loses his patent right; seeks it: why dogs look at one another under the tail. (Cf. A2471.1.) Dh IV 129.--U.S.: Baughman.

A2275.6. A2275.6. Son accidentally kills father, who returns to life as cuckoo and tells people when to sow grain. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2281. A2281. Enmity between animals from original quarrel. (Cf. A2494.1.1, A2494.1.3, A2494.2.3.)--Dh III 331.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 Nos 56, 57; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 143 No. 31; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 88 No. 62; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 56; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 36 No. 20; Benga: Nassau 99 No. 6.

A2281.1. A2281.1. Cat loses dog’s certificate: enmity between cats and dogs. Dog is given a certificate of nobility. Through cat‘s carelessness it is lost. (Cf. A2275.5, A2494.1.2.) *Type 200.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 No. 53; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 143 No. 30; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 88 No. 61; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 85 No. 53.

A2281.1.1. A2281.1.1. Cat garbles message from man to tiger: enmity between man and tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2281.1.2. A2281.1.2. Quarrel of dog and cat about which was higher caste. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2281.2. A2281.2. Squirrel steals dog’s needle: enmity between them. (Cf. A2494.4.1.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 11 No. 52.

A2281.3. A2281.3. Why cat and dog fight: dog ate up cat‘s part in master’s reward. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2282. A2282. Present habitat of animals result of ancient quarrel. (Cf. A2433.3.3, A2433.3.4, A2433.3.21, A2433.6.1.)--Benga: Nassau 202 No. 32; Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 372, 381.

A2283. A2283. Two animals learn songs together--one successfully, the other unsuccessfully. (Cf. A2425.)--*Dh III 365ff.

A2284. A2284. Origin of animal characteristics: animal persuaded into self-injury.

A2284.1. A2284.1. Animal persuaded to amputate limb: therefore lacks it. (Cf. A2371.2.10, A2377.1.)--Australian: Dixon 146 (kangaroo‘s forepaws), 288 (emu’s wings).

A2284.2. A2284.2. Bustard persuaded to kill all but two children: has but two eggs. (Cf. A2486.2.)--Australian: Dixon 289.

A2284.3. A2284.3. Worm, thinking that world is coming to end, blinds self so as not to see calamity. (Cf. A2332.6.4.)--Dh III 21.

A2284.4. A2284.4. Elephant tricked into eating own testicles. Has them inside. (Cf. A2365.1.1.)--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 361 No. 14.

A2284.5. A2284.5. Coyote persuaded to break leg: therefore has thin right leg. (Cf. A2371.2.6.)--Dh III 46.

A2284.6. A2284.6. Jackal persuades hyena to jump and break foot. Latter has short left hind foot. (Cf. A2375.2.5.)--Hottentot: Bleek 14 No. 14.

A2286. A2286. Animal characteristics established by deity. Yunca (Peru): Alexander Lat. Am. Myth 229.

A2286.0.1. A2286.0.1. God makes serpent ugly. (Cf. A2402.1, A2494.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 19 No. 109.

A2286.1. A2286.1. Creation interrupted since God must go to a fire.

A2286.1.0.1. A2286.1.0.1. Animal characteristics because creator had not enough time to finish what he began. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 474.

A2286.1.1. A2286.1.1. Creation of hog incomplete since God has to go to a fire: cause of hog‘s round snout. (Cf. A2335.4.2.)--Dh III 24, 493.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 12 No. 65.

A2286.2. A2286.2. Animal characteristics result of contest between God and devil.

A2286.2.1. A2286.2.1. Devil’s animals devour God‘s. God makes white fish, devil a pike to eat it up; God a worm, devil a frog to eat it, etc. (Cf. A1751.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 20 No. 115; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 149 No. 63.

A2286.2.2. A2286.2.2. Devil gives horse four eyes; God reduces them to two. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 144 No. 33.

A2286.2.3. A2286.2.3. Devil’s cows one-horned; God makes them two-horned. (Cf. A2326.3.1.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 88 No 63.

A2286.2.4. A2286.2.4. God changes color (tails) of devil‘s cows. Devil makes all animals of same color (or all tailless). When God makes them of different colors (or with tails) devil no longer recognizes them. (Cf. A2378.1.)--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 146 No. 47; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3083, Legends Nos. 134--137.

A2287. A2287. Jesus causes animal characteristics. (Cf. A2221, A2231.)

A2287.1. A2287.1. Jesus drives evil spirits into hogs: hence short snouts. (Cf. A2335.4.1.)--Dh II 81.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 12 No. 66.

A2287.1.1. A2287.1.1. Jesus drives evil spirits into hogs: hence “toes” on back of foreleg. (Cf. A2371.2.2.)--Dh II 82.

A2291. A2291. Animal characteristics obtained during deluge. Jewish: Neuman; Achawoi: Alexander Lat. Am. 270.

A2292. A2292. Animal characteristics: change for convenience. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2294. A2294. Wild animals lose their ferocity through fear of Behemoth. Jewish: Neuman.

A2300--A2399.

A2300--A2399. Causes of animal characteristics: body.

A2300. A2300. Origin of animal characteristics: body.

A2300.1. A2300.1. Shape of bee‘s body. Dh I 129.

A2301. A2301. Animal’s body made larger. (See A2213.3.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2301.1. A2301.1. Mouse‘s body made larger. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 231.

A2301.2. A2301.2. Spider’s body made larger. Sinkyone: Kroeber JAFL XXXII 347.

A2301.3. A2301.3. Coyote‘s body made larger. (See A2213.3.)--Dh III 3.

A2301.4. A2301.4. Bat’s body made larger. (See A2213.3.)--Dh III 4.

A2301.5. A2301.5. Flying-squirrel‘s body made larger. (See A2213.3.)--Dh III 4.

A2302. A2302. Animal’s body made smaller. (See A2213.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2302.1. A2302.1. Mouse‘s body made smaller. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 260 No. 55; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 231.

A2302.2. A2302.2. Hazel-cock’s body made smaller. (See A2231, A2213.1.) Dh III 2.--Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 51.

A2302.3. A2302.3. Squirrel‘s body made smaller. (See A2213.1.)--Dh III 2.

A2302.4. A2302.4. Eagle’s body made smaller. (See A2213.1.)--Dh III 6.

A2302.5. A2302.5. Wolf‘s body made smaller. (See A2213.1.)--Dh III 7.

A2302.6. A2302.6. Lice made smaller. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2305. A2305. Origin of animal’s flat body.

A2305.1. A2305.1. Origin of fish‘s flat body. (See A2231.9.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 89 No. 119a.

A2305.1.1. A2305.1.1. Origin of steel-head salmon’s flat body. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 242.

A2305.1.2. A2305.1.2. Origin of flounder‘s flat body. (See A2126.)--*Dh I 248, 290, II 1ff., 269, III 35.

A2305.1.3. A2305.1.3. Why lobster is flat. (Cf. A2213.2.4.).--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 13 No. 2.

A2305.2. A2305.2. Why bedbug is flat. Korean: Zong in-Sob 36 No. 20.

A2306. A2306. Why animal is slippery.

A2306.1. A2306.1. Why eel is slippery. Marshall Is.: Davenport 226.

A2310. A2310. Origin of animal characteristics: body covering.

A2311. A2311. Origin of animal’s skin. Dh III 7ff.

A2311.1. A2311.1. Origin of dog‘s skin. (See A2210, A2229.2.)--Dh I 98ff., III 7.

A2311.2. A2311.2. Origin of cat’s skin. (See A2210.)--Dh I 157, III 7.

A2311.3. A2311.3. Origin of wolf‘s skin. (See A2210.)--Dh I 151f., III 7.

A2311.4. A2311.4. Origin of hedgehog’s skin. (See A2210, A2220.1.)--Dh III 7.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3127, Legends No. 228.

A2311.5. A2311.5. Origin of porcupine‘s skin. (See A2210.)--Dh III 7ff.

A2311.6. A2311.6. Origin of cow’s and buffalo‘s hides. (See A2247.1.)--Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 97.

A2311.7. A2311.7. Why crocodile has rough skin. (Cf. A2315.2.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2311.8. A2311.8. Why frog has rough skin. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2311.9. A2311.9. Why snakes and lizards change skins. (See A2250.2.)

A2312. A2312. Origin of animal shell. Tahiti: Henry 339.

A2312.1. A2312.1. Origin of tortoise‘s shell. (See A2215.3, A2231.1.4, A2213.3, A2211.10.)--Dh III 9.--India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Yoruba: Ellis 273 No. 6.

A2312.1.1. A2312.1.1. Origin of cracks in tortoise’s shell. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 373 No. 23.

A2312.2. A2312.2. Origin of snail‘s shell. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Fang): Trilles Proverbes 176.

A2312.3. A2312.3. Origin of dents in crab’s shell. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (3--G 13/420).

A2313. A2313. Origin of bird‘s feathers.

A2313.1. A2313.1. Origin of cuckoo’s feathers. (See A2241.6.)--Dh. III 140.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 17 No. 94 (cf. A2411.2.6.10).

A2313.2. A2313.2. Origin of magpie‘s feathers. Exchanges with dove. See A2247.

A2313.3. A2313.3. Origin of peacock’s feathers. (See A2241, A2245.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3142, Legends No. 256f.

A2313.4. A2313.4. Origin of nkundak‘s feathers. (See A2223.2.)

A2313.5. A2313.5. Why young ravens have white feathers. Jewish: Neuman.

A2315. A2315. Origin of fish’s scales.

A2315.1. A2315.1. Origin of shell-fish‘s black scales. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 59.

A2315.2. A2315.2. Origin of alligator’s scales. (Cf. A2311.7.)--Dh III 10.--Am. Negro: (Georgia): Harris Nights 26.

A2317. A2317. Why certain animals are bare of covering. Dh III 10ff.

A2317.1. A2317.1. Why swine‘s belly is bare. Dh III 10.

A2317.2. A2317.2. Why fly is bald. Dh III 11.

A2317.3. A2317.3. Why buzzard is bald. Dh III 11.--Ojibwa: Skinner JAFL XXXII 282.

A2317.4. A2317.4. Why crow’s head is bald. Dh III 13.

A2317.5. A2317.5. Why raven is bald. Dh III 13.--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 221.

A2317.6. A2317.6. Why magpie is bald. Dh III 14.

A2317.7. A2317.7. Why vulture is bald. Dh. III 14.--Menomini: Skinner und Satterlee PaAm XIII 78; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 161.

A2317.8. A2317.8. Why bat is bald. Dh I 95.

A2317.9. A2317.9. Why bird‘s feet are bare. Dh II 261.

A2317.10. A2317.10. Why baboon has bare place on back. (See A2213.2.3.)

A2317.11. A2317.11. Why john-crow has bald head. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS 259 No. 47.

A2317.12. A2317.12. Why opossum has bare tail. Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 129 No. 27; Cherokee: Alexander N. Am. 65.

A2317.12.1. A2317.12.1. Why kangaroo-rat’s tail is not bushy. Salinan: Mason UCal XIV 83.

A2317.12.2. A2317.12.2. Why jackal has bare tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2317.12.3. A2317.12.3. Why rat‘s tail is round and without any hair. (Cf. A2378.9.5.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2320. A2320. Origin of animal characteristics: head.

A2320.1. A2320.1. How snake got small head. (See A2213.1.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2320.1.1. A2320.1.1. Why weaver bird’s head is small. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2320.2. A2320.2. How turtle got snake-like head. (See A2247.2.)

A2320.3. A2320.3. How lizard got red head. (See A2211.8.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2320.3.1. A2320.3.1. Origin of mudhen‘s red head. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 230.

A2320.4. A2320.4. Why crab has no head. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2320.5. A2320.5. Why bird’s head is so large. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2320.6. A2320.6. Why crocodile has marks of water pot on head. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2320.7. A2320.7. Why palm-rat has swollen head. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 455.

A2321. A2321. Origin of bird crests. Dh III 18f.--Tahltan- Teit JAFL XXXII 208f.

A2321.1. A2321.1. Origin of goose‘s crest. Dh III 18.

A2321.2. A2321.2. Origin of hoopoe’s crest. Dh III 18.

A2321.3. A2321.3. Origin of woodpecker‘s crest. Dh III 18.

A2321.4. A2321.4. Origin of crested-lark’s crest. Dh III 19.

A2321.5. A2321.5. Origin of kingfisher‘s crest. Dh III 19.

A2321.6. A2321.6. Origin of nkundak’s crest. (See A2223.2.)

A2321.7. A2321.7. Origin of buzzard‘s crest. Cherokee: Alexander N. Am. 65.

A2321.8. A2321.8. Origin of red lump on rail’s head. (See A2215.4.)

A2321.9. A2321.9. Origin of willow-grouse‘s crest. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 209.

A2321.10. A2321.10. Origin of cock’s red crest. Lithuanian: Balys Index 3160; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2321.10.1. A2321.10.1. Why the cock‘s comb becomes white when he is angry. Jewish: Neuman.

A2321.11. A2321.11. Origin of woodpecker’s crest. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2322. A2322. Origin of hair and mane. Dh III 34f.

A2322.1. A2322.1. How buffalo got hair under chin. Dh III 34.

A2322.3. A2322.3. How zebra got its mane. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 368 No. 19.

A2322.4. A2322.4. How goat got his beard. Dh I 2, 181.

A2322.4.1. A2322.4.1. How goat got his mane. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2322.5. A2322.5. Why sheep may keep wool which grows on his forehead. (See A2255.1.)

A2322.6. A2322.6. Why the gorilla and chimpanzee have hair all over the body. Punishment for not guarding possessions at creation. Bulu: Krug 111f.

A2325. A2325. Origin of animals‘ ears.

A2325.1. A2325.1. Why rabbit has long ears. Chuh: Kunst JAFL XXVIII 354.

A2325.2. A2325.2. Why hare’s ears are black. (See A2212.1.)

A2325.3. A2325.3. Why ass has long ears. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 58b.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3125, Legends No. 226.

A2325.4. A2325.4. Why camel has short ears. (See A2232.1.)

A2325.5. A2325.5. Why zebra has long ears. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 368 No. 19.

A2325.6. A2325.6. Why cat has jagged ears. Irish myth: Cross.

A2325.7. A2325.7. Why camel has no ears. (Cf. A2232.1.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2325.8. A2325.8. Why serpent has no ears. Jewish: Neuman.

A2326. A2326. Origin and nature of animal‘s horns. Dh III 30ff.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2326.1. A2326.1. How animals got horns. Africa (Fang): Tessman 16f.

A2326.1.1. A2326.1.1. How stag got antlers. From camel. See A2241.1.

A2326.1.1.1. A2326.1.1.1. Why deer has antlers: as reward for not cheating. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2326.1.2. A2326.1.2. How caribou got antlers. Exchanged his teeth for walrus’s horns. (See A2247.) Eskimo (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 159.

A2326.1.3. A2326.1.3. How sheep got horns. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3126; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 215.

A2326.1.4. A2326.1.4. How ox got horns. Exchanged for horse‘s teeth. (See A2247.)

A2326.1.5. A2326.1.5. How goats got horns. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 215.

A2326.1.6. A2326.1.6. How horned-viper got horns. Dh III 34.

A2326.2. A2326.2. Why some animals have no horns.

A2326.2.1. A2326.2.1. Why cats have no horns. See A2247; Dh III 125; Sйbillot RTP II 491.

A2326.2.2. A2326.2.2. Why dog has no horns: they were stolen by deer (goat). India: Thompson-Balys.

A2326.2.3. A2326.2.3. Originally cock had horns. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 13.

A2326.3. A2326.3. Nature of animal’s horns.

A2326.3.1. A2326.3.1. Why cows have two horns. (See A2286.2.3.)

A2326.3.2. A2326.3.2. How stag got long antlers. Dh III 30.

A2326.3.3. A2326.3.3. Why antelope‘s antlers reach backward. Dh III 30.

A2326.3.4. A2326.3.4. Why buffalo’s horns are bent. Dh III 30.

A2326.3.5. A2326.3.5. Why mountain-sheep‘s horns are close together. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 430.

A2330. A2330. Origin of animal characteristics: face.

A2330.1. A2330.1. How wildcat got his mashed face. (See A2213.2.1.)

A2330.2. A2330.2. How lynx got his squint. (See A2211.1.)

A2330.3. A2330.3. Why monkey’s face is black. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2330.4. A2330.4. Origin of marks on tiger‘s face. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2330.5. A2330.5. Why flea’s face is red. Korean: Zong in-Sob 36 No. 20.

A2330.6. A2330.6. Why pheasant‘s cheeks are red. Korean: Zong in-Sob 32 No. 15.

A2330.7. A2330.7. Why dove’s head is marked as it is. Korean: Zong in-Sob 32 No. 15.

A2330.8. A2330.8. Why rail (bird) has red forehead. New Hebrides: Codrington 361.

A2332. A2332. Origin and nature of animals‘ eyes.

A2332.1. A2332.1. Origin of animals’ eyes.

A2332.1.1. A2332.1.1. How mouse got his eyes. Dh III 19.

A2332.1.2. A2332.1.2. How fly got his eyes. Dh III 19.

A2332.1.3. A2332.1.3. How herring got his eyes. Dh III 44.

A2332.1.4. A2332.1.4. How fox got his eyes. Stole from birch tree. (See A2245.)--Dh III 129.

A2332.1.5. A2332.1.5. Where owl got his eyes. Eskimo (Alaska): Jenness 32.

A2332.2. A2332.2. Number of animal‘s eyes.

A2332.2.1. A2332.2.1. Why horse has only two eyes. (See A2286.2.2.)

A2332.3. A2332.3. Size of animals’ eyes.

A2332.3.1. A2332.3.1. Why lemur has big eyes. (See A2234.3.)

A2332.3.2. A2332.3.2. Why zabi‘s eyes are narrow: because he laughs so hard. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2332.3.3. A2332.3.3. Why caribou has small eyes. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 161.

A2332.4. A2332.4. Shape and position of animal’s eyes. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 281.

A2332.4.1. A2332.4.1. Why hare has deep-set eyes. (See A2239.1.)

A2332.4.2. A2332.4.2. Why crab lifts eye out of body or has eye behind. (See A2231.10, A2231.1.3.)

A2332.4.3. A2332.4.3. Why frog‘s eyes bulge out. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 459.

A2332.5. A2332.5. Color of animal’s eyes. Dh III 60f.

A2332.5.1. A2332.5.1. Why coyote has yellowish eyes. Zuсi: Handy JAFL XXXI 461.

A2332.5.2. A2332.5.2. Why cuckoo has red eyes. Sйbillot RTP III 262.

A2332.5.3. A2332.5.3. Why water-hen has red eyes. Plains Cree: Skinner JAFL XXIX 349.

A2332.5.4. A2332.5.4. Why toad has red eyes. Dh III 60.--Jewish: Neuman.

A2332.5.5. A2332.5.5. Why turkey has red eyes. Dh III 61.

A2332.5.6. A2332.5.6. Why wooddove has green eyes. Dh III 61.

A2332.5.7. A2332.5.7. Why wild duck has red eyes. Dances for trickster. *Dh III 61.

A2332.5.8. A2332.5.8. Why herring‘s eyes are red. Fb “sild”.

A2332.6. A2332.6. “Blindness” in animals. Animals really or supposedly blind. Dh III 19ff.

A2332.6.1. A2332.6.1. Why blindworm has no eyes. (See A2241.5.)

A2332.6.2. A2332.6.2. Why giant lizard is blind. Chose poison instead of eyes. Dh III 21.--Jewish: Neuman.

A2332.6.3. A2332.6.3. Why grasshopper is born blind. (See A2233.4.)

A2332.6.4. A2332.6.4. Why worm is blind. (See A2284.3.)--Japanese: Ikeda.

A2332.6.5. A2332.6.5. Why mole is blind.--(See A2239.8, A2247, A2378.1.4.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 287; Jewish: Neuman.

A2332.6.6. A2332.6.6. Why owl is blind by day. (See A2233.3.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3140.

A2332.6.7. A2332.6.7. Why elephant sees half-blindly. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2332.6.8. A2332.6.8. Why leech is blind. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2332.6.9. A2332.6.9. Why bee is blind. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2335. A2335. Origin and nature of animal’s nasal organ (nose, snout, proboscis, etc.).

A2335.1. A2335.1. Origin of animal‘s nose.

A2335.2. A2335.2. Nature of animal’s nose. (See A2213.4.3.)

A2335.2.1. A2335.2.1. Why deer has white mark on nose. From white ashes. Dh III 79.

A2335.2.2. A2335.2.2. Why lynx has short, blunt nose. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 455.

A2335.2.3. A2335.2.3. Why raven has nose marked as if it had been broken off. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 225.

A2335.2.4. A2335.2.4. Why hare’s nose is closed during sowing season. (See A2238.1.)

A2335.2.5. A2335.2.5. Why steer has no hair on his nose. (See A2221.5.1.)

A2335.3. A2335.3. Origin and nature of animal’s proboscis.

A2335.3.1. A2335.3.1. Origin of anteater‘s proboscis. Transformed digging-stick. (See A2262.)

A2335.3.2. A2335.3.2. Why tapir has long nose. S. Am. Indian (Yagua): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 736.

A2335.4. A2335.4. Origin and nature of animal’s snout (muzzle).

A2335.4.1. A2335.4.1. Why hog has short snout. (See A2287.1.)--Africa (Fang): Trilles 179.

A2335.4.2. A2335.4.2. Why hog has round snout. Creation of hog incomplete since God had to go to fire. (See A2286.1.1.)

A2335.4.3. A2335.4.3. Why dog has black muzzle. (See A2229.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

A2335.4.4. A2335.4.4. Why coyote has long muzzle. (See A2213.4.1.)

A2335.4.5. A2335.4.5. Why the wolf‘s muzzle is black. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3087, Legends No. 147.

A2335.4.6. A2335.4.6. Why rat has long snout. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 231.

A2341. A2341. Origin and nature of animal’s mouth. Dh III 22--27.

A2341.1. A2341.1. Why flounder‘s mouth is crooked. (See A2252.4, A2231.1.2.)--Irish: Beal XXI 327.

A2341.2. A2341.2. Why animal’s mouth is large.

A2341.2.1. A2341.2.1. Why opossum‘s mouth is large. Choctaw: Alexander N. Am. 64.

A2341.2.2. A2341.2.2. Why zebra’s mouth is large. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 368 No. 19.

A2341.3. A2341.3. Why animal‘s mouth is closed.

A2341.3.1. A2341.3.1. Why serpent’s mouth is closed. Jewish: Neuman.

A2342. A2342. Origin and nature of animal‘s lips.

A2342.1. A2342.1. Why hare’s lip is split. (See A2234.4, A2216.3, A2211.2.)--Dh III 22f.; BP III 75 n. 1; Fb “hare” IV 201a; Types 47, 70.--Micmac: Speck JAFL XXVIII 65; Chitimacha: Swanton JAFL XXX 476.

A2342.2. A2342.2. Why ox has no hair on his lips. (See A2221.5.1.)

A2343. A2343. Origin and nature of bird’s beak. Dh III 26.

A2343.1. A2343.1. Origin of bird‘s long beak.

A2343.1.1. A2343.1.1. Where kingfisher got his long beak. Dh III 27; Korean: Zong in-Sob 35 No. 19.

A2343.1.2. A2343.1.2. Where snipe got his long beak. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 219.

A2343.1.3. A2343.1.3. Why loon has big beak. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 209.

A2343.1.4. A2343.1.4. Where hornbill got his big beak. (See A2241.9.)--Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 234.

A2343.2. A2343.2. Why bird’s beak is colored.

A2343.2.1. A2343.2.1. Why parrot‘s beak is black. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2343.2.2. A2343.2.2. Why toucan’s beak is black. S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

A2343.3. A2343.3. Origin of other features of birds‘ beak.

A2343.3.1. A2343.3.1. Why starling’s beak is split. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2343.3.2. A2343.3.2. Why woodpecker has sharp beak. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2344. A2344. Origin and nature of animal‘s tongue. Dh III 27ff.

A2344.1. A2344.1. Why animal has short tongue.

A2344.1.1. A2344.1.1. Why crocodile has short tongue. Dh III 28.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2344.1.1.1. A2344.1.1.1. Why crocodile has half a tongue. (Cf. A2239.7.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2344.1.1.2. A2344.1.1.2. Why crocodile has no tongue. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2344.1.2. A2344.1.2. Why alligator has short tongue. Dh III 28.

A2344.2. A2344.2. Why animal has no tongue.

A2344.2.1. A2344.2.1. Why gnat has no tongue. (See A2236.1.)

A2344.2.2. A2344.2.2. Why eel has no tongue. Dh III 27.

A2344.2.3. A2344.2.3. Why swallow has no tongue. Dh III 29.

A2344.2.4. A2344.2.4. Why titmouse has no tongue. Dh III 28.

A2344.2.5. A2344.2.5. Why cormorant has no tongue. (Cf. A2422.8.)--Dh III 28.--N. A. Indian: *Boas RBAE XXXI 678.

A2344.2.6. A2344.2.6. Why magpie has no tongue. (See A2236.4.)

A2344.3. A2344.3. Cause of color of animal‘s tongue.

A2344.3.1. A2344.3.1. Why sheep’s tongue is black. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 430.

A2345. A2345. Origin and nature of animal‘s teeth.

A2345.1. A2345.1. Where horse got his upper teeth. Borrowed them from buffalo. (See A2241.)

A2345.2. A2345.2. Where coyote got his long teeth. Dh III 33f.

A2345.3. A2345.3. Where reindeer got his small teeth. Dh. III 34.

A2345.4. A2345.4. Where walrus got his tusks. Traded antlers with caribou for tusks. (See A2247.)

A2345.5. A2345.5. Where snake got his fangs. (See A2247.2.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2345.6. A2345.6. How elephant got its tusks. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2345.7. A2345.7. Why animal lacks teeth.

A2345.7.1. A2345.7.1. Why cow has no upper teeth. Chinese: Graham.

A2345.7.2. A2345.7.2. Why frog has no teeth. (Cf. A2239.8.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2345.7.3. A2345.7.3. Why caribou has no teeth. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 168, 306, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 587, (Alaska): Jenness 80, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 536, 554, (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 160, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 449, 460.

A2345.8. A2345.8. Why hen has no teeth. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 233.

A2345.9. A2345.9. Why gorilla and chimpanzee have large teeth in mouth: punishment for neglecting possessions. Bulu: Krug 111f.

A2346. A2346. Origin and nature of insect’s sting.

A2346.1. A2346.1. Why bees die after they sting. (See A2232.2.)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “abeilles”; Lithuanian: Balys Index 3204, Legends Nos. 296--300.

A2346.2. A2346.2. Why bee‘s sting is no longer fatal to man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2350. A2350. Origin of animal characteristics: trunk.

A2351. A2351. Origin and nature of animal’s neck.

A2351.1. A2351.1. Why camel‘s neck bends upwards. Dh III 35.

A2351.2. A2351.2. Why eagle-owl’s head turns on its neck. Type 230.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 18 No. 100.

A2351.3. A2351.3. Where Jahrvogel (rhytidoceros) got its necklace. Borrowed form dove. (See A2241.)--Dh III 133.

A2351.4. A2351.4. Origin of animal‘s long neck.

A2351.4.1. A2351.4.1. Origin of stork’s long neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2351.4.2. A2351.4.2. Why magpie has long neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2351.4.3. A2351.4.3. Origin of antelope‘s long neck. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield

A2351.5. A2351.5. Why tortoise’s neck is outstretched toward the sky: is looking for his wife, the star. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2351.6. A2351.6. Where horse got arched neck: arches neck to kick tiger from rear; remains so. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2351.7. A2351.7. Why munia wears his crop on the back of his neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2353. A2353. Origin and nature of animal‘s breast.

A2353.1. A2353.1. Why apia (bird) is flat-chested. Told wife that he was going away to dine. Was too late for his meal.--Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 278.

A2353.2. A2353.2. Why robin has red breast. (See A2221.2.2.)--Breton: Sйbillot RTP III 157.

A2353.3. A2353.3. Elephant loses its breasts. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2353.4. A2353.4. Why bears do not have breasts for nursing. Jewish: Neuman.

A2354. A2354. Origin and nature of animal’s belly.

A2354.1. A2354.1. Why flounder is flat-bellied. (See A2231.9.)

A2355. A2355. Origin and nature of animal‘s waist.

A2355.1. A2355.1. Why animal has small waist. Dh III 36ff.

A2355.1.1. A2355.1.1. Why spider has small waist. Dh III 36ff.

A2355.1.2. A2355.1.2. Why ant has small waist. (See A2214.2.)--India: *Thompson-Balys; Korea: Zong in-Sob No. 16, 35 No. 19.

A2356. A2356. Origin and nature of animal’s back. Dh III 42ff.

A2356.1. A2356.1. Origin of animal‘s back.

A2356.1.1. A2356.1.1. Origin of snake’s back. From a stick. (See A2262.3.)

A2356.2. A2356.2. Origin of shape of animal‘s back.

A2356.2.1. A2356.2.1. Why frog has hunchback. Dh III 42ff.--Jewish: Neuman.

A2356.2.2. A2356.2.2. Why wolf has straight back. (See A2211.3.)--Dh III 43.

A2356.2.3. A2356.2.3. Why cat has arched back. Dh I 166, III 44.

A2356.2.4. A2356.2.4. Why certain fish have bowed backs. Dh III 44.

A2356.2.5. A2356.2.5. Why water-hen has broad back. Plains Cree: Skinner JAFL XXIX 349.

A2356.2.6. A2356.2.6. Why bear has hump on back. Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 368.

A2356.2.7. A2356.2.7. Why ass has cross on back (shoulders). (See A2221.1, A2239.6.)--England: Baughman.

A2356.2.8. A2356.2.8. Why spider has thread in back of body. (See A2231.6.)

A2356.2.9. A2356.2.9. Why tortoise has humpy back. (See A2213.2.2.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2356.2.10. A2356.2.10. Why helldiver has flat stern. Culture hero kicked him. Menomini: Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 269.

A2356.2.11. A2356.2.11. Why alligator has rough back. Am. Negro: (Georgia) Harris Nights 141 No. 26.

A2356.2.12. A2356.2.12. Why cow’s body has hollow on one side. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2356.2.13. A2356.2.13. Why camel has humped back. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2356.3. A2356.3. Origin of color of animal‘s back.

A2356.3.1. A2356.3.1. Why eagle’s back is brown. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 48.

A2356.3.2. A2356.3.2. Why jackal has black back. (See A2218.2.)

A2356.3.3. A2356.3.3. Why wolverine has peculiar marks on back. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 458.

A2356.3.4. A2356.3.4. Why spider has markings on back. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 241.

A2362. A2362. Origin and nature of animal‘s buttocks.

A2362.1. A2362.1. Why monkey’s buttocks are red. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2363. A2363. Origin and nature of animal‘s teats.

A2363.1. A2363.1. Why cow has so few teats. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 12 No. 63, (Cf. No. 48).

A2364. A2364. Origin and nature of animal’s loins.

A2364.1. A2364.1. Why wolverine has red hair on loins. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 248.

A2365. A2365. Origin and nature of animal‘s genitals. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2365.1. A2365.1. Nature of animal’s testicles.

A2365.1.1. A2365.1.1. Why elephant has testicles inside. Persuaded to eat them. (See A2284.4.)

A2365.2. A2365.2. Nature of animal‘s penis.

A2365.2.0.1. A2365.2.0.1. Why goat’s and cat‘s members are as they are. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2365.2.1. A2365.2.1. Why animal’s penis is large (long).

A2365.2.1.1. A2365.2.1.1. Why horse‘s penis is long. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2365.2.1.2. A2365.2.1.2. Why elephant’s penis is large. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2365.2.1.3. A2365.2.1.3. Why donkey‘s penis is large. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2367. A2367. Animal characteristics: inside of body.

A2367.1. A2367.1. Animal characteristics: bones.

A2367.1.1. A2367.1.1. Why sucker has small bones in body. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 242.

A2367.2. A2367.2. Animal characteristics: internal markings.

A2367.2.1. A2367.2.1. Why grizzly bears have three stripes on inside of stomach. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 208.

A2367.3. A2367.3. Animal characteristics: blood.

A2367.3.1. A2367.3.1. Origin of serpent’s blood and venom. Jewish: Neuman.

A2370. A2370. Animal characteristics: extremities.

A2371. A2371. Origin and nature of animal‘s legs. Dh III 45.

A2371.1. A2371.1. Origin of animal’s legs.

A2371.2. A2371.2. Shape of animal‘s legs.

A2371.2.1. A2371.2.1. Why sheep has thin legs. (See A2231.7.2.)--Dh II 91.

A2371.2.2. A2371.2.2. Why hog has “toes” on back of foreleg. Mark of devil’s teeth. (See A2287.1.1.)

A2371.2.3. A2371.2.3. Why ravens have crooked legs and walk lame. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 226.

A2371.2.4. A2371.2.4. Why bears have short, crooked legs. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 217.

A2371.2.5. A2371.2.5. Why there is meat in front of the caribou‘s lower legs. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 217.

A2371.2.6. A2371.2.6. Why coyote’s right leg is thin. (See A2284.5.)

A2371.2.7. A2371.2.7. Why horse has eye-like marks on forelegs. (See A2262.1.)--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 162.

A2371.2.8. A2371.2.8. Why he-goat has shaggy legs. Braved the wolf, who tore his legs. Dh III 46.

A2371.2.9. A2371.2.9. Why diver (loon) holds legs backward. (See A2215.6.)

A2371.2.10. A2371.2.10. Why kangaroo has short front legs. (See A2284.1.)

A2371.2.11. A2371.2.11. Why hare has short pair of legs. Dh III 23.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 13 No. 73.

A2371.2.12. A2371.2.12. Why daddy-long-legs has long legs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2371.3. A2371.3. Why animal lacks legs.

A2371.3.1. A2371.3.1. Why snake has no legs. (See A2234.2, A2236.2.1, A2241.8.)--Dh I 116, 207, 216, 219f.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2371.4. A2371.4. Origin of color of animal’s legs.

A2371.4.1. A2371.4.1. Why curlew has red legs. Australian: Dixon 292.

A2371.4.2. A2371.4.2. Why fox‘s legs are black. Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 10.

A2375. A2375. Origin and nature of animal’s feet. Dh III 45ff.

A2375.1. A2375.1. Where animal got feet.

A2375.2. A2375.2. Nature of animal’s feet.

A2375.2.1. A2375.2.1. Why partridge has pretty feet. Exchanged with peacock. (Also told of jay and flamingo.) (See A2241.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2375.2.2. A2375.2.2. Why peacock has ugly feet. (See A2232.7, A2236.2.2, A2375.2.1.)

A2375.2.3. A2375.2.3. Why dog has hairy paws. Stole from rabbit. (See A2245.)

A2375.2.4. A2375.2.4. Why rabbits have soft pads on feet. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 222.

A2375.2.5. A2375.2.5. Why hyena has short left hind foot. Deceived into jumping by jackal. (See A2284.6.)

A2375.2.6. A2375.2.6. Why mole has hand like man. Dh I 156.

A2375.2.7. A2375.2.7. Why mole’s “hands” are turned backward. Sinkyone: Kroeber JAFL XXXII 349.

A2375.2.8. A2375.2.8. Explanation of duck‘s feet. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 73; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

A2375.2.9. A2375.2.9. Why toad has no thumbs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2375.2.10. A2375.2.10. Why the guinea fowl has red feet. Cheated and could not stand the ordeal of hot oil poured on his feet. Cameroon: Mansfield 226.

A2376. A2376. Animal characteristics: claws and hoofs.

A2376.1. A2376.1. Why cow has cloven hoof. Dh. III 47.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2376.1.1. A2376.1.1. Why ass does not have cloven hoof. Jewish: Neuman.

A2376.2. A2376.2. Dog’s claws as grains under paws. In the great famine, God leaves the dog grain under his paws. From this grows new seed. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 143 No. 29.

A2376.3. A2376.3. Why porcupine has only four claws. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 226, 246.

A2376.4. A2376.4. How crab got its claws. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2376.5. A2376.5. Why crab has legs like teeth of a comb. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2377. A2377. Animal characteristics: wings.

A2377.1. A2377.1. Why emu has no wings. (See A2284.1.)

A2378. A2378. Origin and nature of animal‘s tail. Dh III 47ff.

A2378.1. A2378.1. Why animals have tail. (See A2286.2.4.)

A2378.1.1. A2378.1.1. Where baboon got tail. (See A2262.2.)

A2378.1.2. A2378.1.2. Where rat got tail. (See A2241.7.)

A2378.1.3. A2378.1.3. Where lizard got tail. From the snake. (Cf. A2247.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 20 No. 110, XXXIII 55 No. 110; Jewish: Neuman.

A2378.1.4. A2378.1.4. Where mole got tail. Traded eyes for it. (See A2247, A2332.6.5.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 287.

A2378.1.5. A2378.1.5. Where squirrel got tail. (See A2241.7, A2242.)

A2378.1.6. A2378.1.6. Where beaver got tail. (See A2241.10.)

A2378.1.7. A2378.1.7. How dog got its tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.1.8. A2378.1.8. How monkey got its tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.1.9. A2378.1.9. How peacock got its tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.2. A2378.2. Why animals lack tail.

A2378.2.1. A2378.2.1. Why quail has no tail. Tricks crab into pulling out tail instead of killing her. Says that gripping her neck would not hurt but that pulling tail will be fatal. Dh III 54.--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 90a; Jewish: Neuman, India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.2.2. A2378.2.2. How goats lost tails. (See A2216.2.)

A2378.2.3. A2378.2.3. How frogs lost tails. (See A2231.4, A2236.3.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2378.2.4. A2378.2.4. How bear lost tail. (See A2216.1.)

A2378.2.5. A2378.2.5. Why hydrax has no tail. (See A2235.)

A2378.2.6. A2378.2.6. How frog lost tail. (See A2242, lent to squirrel.)--Dh III 54.

A2378.2.7. A2378.2.7. How toad lost tail. Dh III 54.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 287.

A2378.2.8. A2378.2.8. Why flies lack tail. Africa (Duala): Ebding 142ff.

A2378.3. A2378.3. Why animal has long tail.

A2378.3.1. A2378.3.1. How magpie got long tail. (See A2236.4.)

A2378.3.2. A2378.3.2. How muskrat got long, thin tail. Dh III 51.

A2378.3.3. A2378.3.3. How wolf got long tail. (See A2215.1; Cf. A2262.)

A2378.3.4. A2378.3.4. Why fox has long tail. (See A2213.4.2.)

A2378.4. A2378.4. Why animal has short tail.

A2378.4.1. A2378.4.1. Why hare has short tail. (See A2215.2, A2262.)--Dh III 47ff.--Japanese: Ikeda; Virginia (negro): Smiley JAFL XXXII 361; Antigua: Johnson JAFL XXXIV 67.

A2378.4.2. A2378.4.2. Why bear has short tail. (Cf. A2378.2.4.)--Loucheux: Barbeau JAFL XXVIII 256.

A2378.4.3. A2378.4.3. Why marmot has short tail. Dh III 51.

A2378.4.4. A2378.4.4. Why tortoise has short tail. (See A2216.4.)--Dh III 52ff.--Jewish: Neuman.

A2378.4.5. A2378.4.5. Why jackal‘s tail is short. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.4.6. A2378.4.6. Why monkey has short tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.4.7. A2378.4.7. Why crow has short tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.5. A2378.5. Why animal has forked tail.

A2378.5.1. A2378.5.1. Why swallow has forked tail. (See A2214.1.) Dh III 54.--Cf. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 85; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3100, Legends Nos. 28, 192, 262.

A2378.5.2. A2378.5.2. Why hawk has forked tail. (See A2216.5.)

A2378.6. A2378.6. Why animal has bushy tail.

A2378.6.1. A2378.6.1. Why fox has bushy tail. Virginia (negro): Smiley JAFL XXXII 361.

A2378.7. A2378.7. Why animal has flat tail.

A2378.7.1. A2378.7.1. Why beaver has flat tail. (See A2247.6, A2241.10, A2378.1.6.) Dh III 51.

A2378.7.2. A2378.7.2. Why magpie’s tail is like a chisel. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 262.

A2378.8. A2378.8. Origin of color of animal‘s tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.8.1. A2378.8.1. Why end of fox‘s tail is white. (See A2215.5.)

A2378.8.1.1. A2378.8.1.1. Why end of fox’s tail is black. Central American: Krickeberg Mдrchen der Azteken und Inkaperuaner 282.

A2378.8.2. A2378.8.2. Why tail of West African grey parrot is red. Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 276.

A2378.8.3. A2378.8.3. Why tip of weasel‘s tail is black. Plains Ojibwa: Skinner JAFL XXXII 290.

A2378.8.4. A2378.8.4. Why tip of ermine’s tail is black. (See A2218.) Dh III 74.

A2378.8.5. A2378.8.5. Why minivet has red tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.8.6. A2378.8.6. Why swallow has black feathers in tail and only two feathers. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.8.7. A2378.8.7. Why bird has two beautiful feathers in his tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.9. A2378.9. Nature of animal‘s tail--miscellaneous.

A2378.9.1. A2378.9.1. Why king-salmon is thick around root of tail. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 242.

A2378.9.1.1. A2378.9.1.1. Why salmon has tapering tail. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 146, Boberg.

A2378.9.2. A2378.9.2. Why baboons have crooked tails. (See A2262.2.)

A2378.9.3. A2378.9.3. Why hares have cotton tail. Deity rubs cotton on hare. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2378.9.4. A2378.9.4. Why deer’s tail tastes like liver. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2378.9.5. A2378.9.5. Why rat‘s tail looks like a folded leaf. (Cf. A2317.12.3)--New Hebrides: Codrington 360.

A2380. A2380. Animal characteristics: other bodily features.

A2381. A2381. Flesh of animal.

A2381.1. A2381.1. Why hog has good flesh. (See A2221.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2382. A2382. Why animal is a hybrid.

A2382.1. A2382.1. Magpie is a hybrid of dove and raven; was not baptized by water of the flood in Noah’s time. (Cf. A2291.)--England: Baughman.

A2385. A2385. Excrements of animals.

A2385.1. A2385.1. Why dung of ass is triangular. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 58d.

A2385.2. A2385.2. Why red dog‘s excrement contains animal hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2385.3. A2385.3. Honey as excrement of bees. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2385.4. A2385.4. Why cat hides its excreta. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2386. A2386. Gall-bladder of animal.

A2391. A2391. Nature of bird’s eggs.

A2391.1. A2391.1. Why canary‘s eggs are yellow. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 65.

A2400--A2499.

A2400--A2499. Causes of animal characteristics: appearance and habits.

A2400. A2400. Animal characteristics: general appearance.

A2401. A2401. Cause of animal’s beauty.

A2402. A2402. Cause of animal‘s ugliness.

A2402.1. A2402.1. Cause of serpent’s ugliness. (See A2286.0.1.)

A2402.2. A2402.2. How ostrich lost beautiful feathers. (See A2252.3.)

A2410. A2410. Animal characteristics: color and smell.

A2411. A2411. Origin of color of animal.

A2411.1. A2411.1. Origin of color of mammals.

A2411.1.1. A2411.1.1. Origin of color of felidae.

A2411.1.1.1. A2411.1.1.1. Color of leopard. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 69.

A2411.1.1.2. A2411.1.1.2. Color of jaguar. Dh III 62.

A2411.1.2. A2411.1.2. Origin of color of mustelidae.

A2411.1.2.1. A2411.1.2.1. Why weasel is white with dark tip to tail. Plains Cree: Skinner JAFL XXIX 350.

A2411.1.2.1.1. A2411.1.2.1.1. Why weasel is part black. Chinese: Graham.

A2411.1.2.2. A2411.1.2.2. Color of ermine. Loucheux: Barbeau JAFL XXVIII 257.

A2411.1.2.3. A2411.1.2.3. Color of otter. Dh III 64.

A2411.1.2.4. A2411.1.2.4. Color of skunk. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 71.

A2411.1.2.5. A2411.1.2.5. Color of mink. Singed by sun. (See A2218).--Dh III 84.

A2411.1.3. A2411.1.3. Color of canidae and other carnivora.

A2411.1.3.1. A2411.1.3.1. Color of fox. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 64, 66.

A2411.1.3.2. A2411.1.3.2. Color of coyote. (See A2218.)--Dh III 79.

A2411.1.4. A2411.1.4. Origin of color of rodentia.

A2411.1.4.1. A2411.1.4.1. Color of squirrel. (See A2218.)--Dh III 76f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.1.4.2. A2411.1.4.2. Color of beaver. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 71.

A2411.1.4.3. A2411.1.4.3. Color of rat. Dh III 91.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.1.4.4. A2411.1.4.4. Color of hare.

A2411.1.4.4.1. A2411.1.4.4.1. Why hare is grey in summer. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges (A2411.1.22).

A2411.1.5. A2411.1.5. Origin of color of primata.

A2411.1.5.1. A2411.1.5.1. Color of monkey. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2411.1.5.1.1. A2411.1.5.1.1. Why ape has red back. China: Eberhard FFC CXX 177 No. 119, 411 s.v. “Affenmutter”.

A2411.1.5.2. A2411.1.5.2. Color of baboon.

A2411.1.5.2.1. A2411.1.5.2.1. Why baboon‘s face and hands are black. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.1.6. A2411.1.6. Origin of color of ungulata.

A2411.1.6.1. A2411.1.6.1. Color of horse. Dh III 86.

A2411.1.6.2. A2411.1.6.2. Color of hippopotamus. (See A2247.3.)

A2411.1.6.3. A2411.1.6.3. Red color of bush-buck. From blood. (Cf. A2219.1.)--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 366 No. 17.

A2411.1.6.4. A2411.1.6.4. Color of cow. Dh I 188--191, III 86.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.1.6.5. A2411.1.6.5. Color of deer. (See A2218.)--Dh III 79, 88.

A2411.1.6.6. A2411.1.6.6. Color of elk. Dh III 88.

A2411.1.6.7. A2411.1.6.7. Color of rhinoceros. (See A2247.3.)

A2411.1.7. A2411.1.7. Origin of color of other mammals.

A2411.1.7.1. A2411.1.7.1. Origin of color of hyena. (365 colors): Jewish: Neuman.

A2411.2. A2411.2. Origin of color of bird. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3158, 3165, Legends No. 261f.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 127; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Canadian Dakota): Wallis JAFL XXXVI 66; (Southern Ute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 32 No. 18, 69 No. 38, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 208f.; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 39f.

A2411.2.1. A2411.2.1. Origin of color of passeriformes.

A2411.2.1.1. A2411.2.1.1. Color of thrush. (See A2222.1, A2218).--Dh III 76.

A2411.2.1.2. A2411.2.1.2. Color of water-ousel. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 49.

A2411.2.1.3. A2411.2.1.3. Color of wag-tail. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 262.

A2411.2.1.4. A2411.2.1.4. Color of swallow. (See A2218, A2219.1, A2221.2.4.1.)--Dh III 64, 75, (Cf. III 58).--Japanese: Ikeda.

A2411.2.1.5. A2411.2.1.5. Color of raven. (See A2237.1, A2234.1, A2231.1, A2218.1).--Dh III 59, 63, 65, 143.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 15 n. i; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 16 No. 90, XXXIII 54 No. 90; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 160, (Alaska): Jenness 71, (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 146, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 220, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 174, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 641; N. A. Indian (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 203, (Upper Thompson): Teit JAFL XXIX 329.

A2411.2.1.6. A2411.2.1.6. Color of crow. (See A2219.1)--Dh III 59, 65f.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 262; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 90a; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “corbeaux”.--Japanese: Ikeda; Thompson River: Teit JAFL XXIX 329; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 58.

A2411.2.1.7. A2411.2.1.7. Color of rook. (See A2218)--Dh III 75.

A2411.2.1.8. A2411.2.1.8. Color of jay. Dh III 86.

A2411.2.1.9. A2411.2.1.9. Color of blackbird. (See A2218)--Dh III 71.

A2411.2.1.10. A2411.2.1.10. Color of magpie. Dh III 63.

A2411.2.1.11. A2411.2.1.11. Color of sparrow. (See A2218)--Dh III 75.--Japanese: Ikeda.

A2411.2.1.12. A2411.2.1.12. Color of goldfinch. Dh. III 185.--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 88 No. 94c.

A2411.2.1.13. A2411.2.1.13. Color of red-bird. Dh III 63.

A2411.2.1.14. A2411.2.1.14. Color of canary. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 88 No. 94b.

A2411.2.1.15. A2411.2.1.15. Color of trumpet-bird (psophia crepitans). (See A2218)--Dh III 82.

A2411.2.1.16. A2411.2.1.16. Color of starling. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.2.1.17. A2411.2.1.17. Color of martin. Eskimo (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 146.

A2411.2.2. A2411.2.2. Origin of color of falconiformes.

A2411.2.3. A2411.2.3. Origin of color of charidriiformes.

A2411.2.3.1. A2411.2.3.1. Color of woodcock. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 49.

A2411.2.4. A2411.2.4. Origin of color of caraciiformes.

A2411.2.4.1. A2411.2.4.1. Color of woodpecker. See A2219.1; Dh III 70, 89.

A2411.2.4.2. A2411.2.4.2. Color of owl. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 220.

A2411.2.5. A2411.2.5. Origin of color of ciconiiformes.

A2411.2.5.1. A2411.2.5.1. Color of cormorant. (See A2218.)--Dh III 77.

A2411.2.5.2. A2411.2.5.2. Color of heron. (See A2218.)--Dh III 82.

A2411.2.5.3. A2411.2.5.3. Color of stork. Dh III 59.

A2411.2.5.3.1. A2411.2.5.3.1. Why stork has black back. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 233, 236, 238f., 243ff.

A2411.2.5.4. A2411.2.5.4. Color of gull. Eskimo (Alaska): Jenness 71.

A2411.2.6. A2411.2.6. Origin of color of other birds.

A2411.2.6.1. A2411.2.6.1. Color of loon. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 69--71.

A2411.2.6.2. A2411.2.6.2. Color of swan. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 49.

A2411.2.6.3. A2411.2.6.3. Color of goose. Dh III 89.

A2411.2.6.4. A2411.2.6.4. Color of duck. Eskimo (Alaska): Jenness 71.

A2411.2.6.5. A2411.2.6.5. Color of turkey. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 70.

A2411.2.6.6. A2411.2.6.6. Color of guinea-fowl. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 67.--Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 193 No. 33; Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 226.

A2411.2.6.7. A2411.2.6.7. Color of peacock. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2411.2.6.8. A2411.2.6.8. Color of partridge. (See A2218, A2219.1.)--Dh III 62, 75.--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 261; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.2.6.9. A2411.2.6.9. Color of pheasant. Dh III 62.

A2411.2.6.10. A2411.2.6.10. Color of cuckoo. Type 235; Dh III 140.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 17 No. 94; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 49.

A2411.2.6.11. A2411.2.6.11. Color of parrot. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 70.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 234.

A2411.3. A2411.3. Origin of color of insect. Japanese: Ikeda.

A2411.3.1. A2411.3.1. Origin of color of bee. Dh I 129.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.3.2. A2411.3.2. Color of spider. (See A2221.2.3.)

A2411.4. A2411.4. Origin of color of fish.

A2411.4.1. A2411.4.1. Color of halibut. (See A2219.1.)--Dh III 67.--Tsimshian: Boas RBAE XXVII 58ff.

A2411.4.2. A2411.4.2. Color of perch. (See A2218.)--Dh III 75.

A2411.4.3. A2411.4.3. Color of burbot. (See A2218.)--Dh III 75.

A2411.5. A2411.5. Color of reptiles and other animal forms.

A2411.5.1. A2411.5.1. Color of turtle. Dh III 63.

A2411.5.2. A2411.5.2. Color of frog. Dh III 63, 89.

A2411.5.3. A2411.5.3. Color of snail. (See A2218.)--Dh III 85.

A2411.5.4. A2411.5.4. Color of mussel. Dh III 90.

A2411.5.5. A2411.5.5. Why earthworm is red at one end. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2411.5.6. A2411.5.6. Color of chameleon.

A2411.5.6.1. A2411.5.6.1. Why chameleon can change his color. (Cf. A2223.8.)--Africa (Fang): Einstein 96, (Togo): Einstein 10f.

A2411.5.7. A2411.5.7. Color of shrimp. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 234.

A2412. A2412. Origin of animal markings. (See A2211.12, A2221.3, A2221.7.)--Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 61, 75.

A2412.0.1. A2412.0.1. Creator sends two deities to tatoo all creatures: origin of animal markings. Marshall Is.: Davenport 222.

A2412.1. A2412.1. Markings of mammals.

A2412.1.1. A2412.1.1. White markings on deer. Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 417.

A2412.1.2. A2412.1.2. Spots on leopard. Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 411f.

A2412.1.3. A2412.1.3. Why coyote has yellow patch behind his ears. (See A2218.4.)

A2412.1.4. A2412.1.4. Why kangaroo-rat has white band around his body. (See A2218.4.)

A2412.1.5. A2412.1.5. Why elephant has white marks on its body. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2412.1.6. A2412.1.6. Why peccary has spots. S. Am. Indian (Yagua): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 736.

A2412.2. A2412.2. Markings on birds. (See A2211.7.)

A2412.2.1. A2412.2.1. Markings on tail-feathers of ruffed grouse. Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 370.

A2412.2.2. A2412.2.2. Markings of francolin. (See A2232.6.)

A2412.3. A2412.3. Markings on insects. Japanese: Ikeda.

A2412.3.1. A2412.3.1. Why louse has mark on his back. Korean: Zong in-Sob 36 No. 20.

A2412.3.2. A2412.3.2. Origin of butterflies‘ marks. Korean: Zong in-Sob 39 No. 23.

A2412.4. A2412.4. Markings on fish. (See A2217.3, A2213.2.)--Eskimo (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 155.

A2412.4.1. A2412.4.1. Markings on sun-fish. (See A2217.3.)

A2412.4.2. A2412.4.2. Markings on king-salmon. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 242 (red marks below ears).

A2412.4.2.1. A2412.4.2.1. Why salmon has purple belly. Irish myth: Cross.

A2412.4.3. A2412.4.3. Markings on cod-fish. From devil‘s fingers.--Fb “torsk” III 830a.

A2412.4.4. A2412.4.4. Cross on crab’s back. Saintyves Saints Successeurs 245f.

A2412.4.5. A2412.4.5. Markings on flying fish. New Guinea: Kerr 25.

A2412.5. A2412.5. Markings on other animals.

A2412.5.1. A2412.5.1. Markings on tortoise‘s back. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2412.5.2. A2412.5.2. Why toads have warts on their backs. (Cf. A2356.2.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2412.5.2.1. A2412.5.2.1. Why frog is spotty all over. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2413. A2413. Origin of animal’s stripes.

A2413.1. A2413.1. Stripes of zebra. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 369 No. 19.

A2413.2. A2413.2. Stripes of chipmunk. (See A2217.2.)--Dh III 57.

A2413.3. A2413.3. Stripes of squirrel. Dh III 56.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A2413.4. A2413.4. Stripes of tiger. Dh III 58.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

A2413.5. A2413.5. Stripes of alligator. Dh III 58.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2413.6. A2413.6. Stripes of cony. Dh III 58.

A2413.7. A2413.7. Stripes on trout. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 155.

A2416. A2416. Origin and nature of animal‘s smell. *Dh III 233f.

A2416.1. A2416.1. Bad smell of goat. (See A2232.5.)--Dh III 233; Fb “gjedebuk” IV 178b.--Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 125; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 226, (Cameroon): Mansfield 227.

A2416.2. A2416.2. Burnt smell of mink. Dh III 234.

A2416.3. A2416.3. Bad smell of skunk. Dh III 233.--Central America: Krickeberg Mдrchen der Azteken und Inkaperuaner 254.

A2416.4. A2416.4. Burnt smell of wolverine. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 248.

A2416.5. A2416.5. Why ram smells bad. Sйbillot RTP II 492.

A2416.6. A2416.6. Why bugs smell bad. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 62.

A2416.7. A2416.7. Why herrings have bad odor. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

A2420. A2420. Animal characteristics: voice and hearing.

A2421. A2421. How animal got voice. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3168, Legends Nos. 263--270; Japanese: Ikeda.

A2421.1. A2421.1. How night-swallow got voice. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 147 No. 51.

A2421.2. A2421.2. How woodcock got voice. Traded with turkey. (See A2247).--Dh III 123.

A2421.3. A2421.3. Where crow got voice. Traded with thunder-bird. (See A2247).--Dh III 126.

A2421.4. A2421.4. How partridge got voice. Borrowed from tortoise. (See A2241).--Dh III 132.

A2421.4.1. A2421.4.1. How quail got voice. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 267.

A2421.5. A2421.5. How nkundak got voice. (See A2223.2.)

A2421.6. A2421.6. Why cocks crow. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 35 No. *205; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2421.7. A2421.7. Voice of peewit. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 264f.

A2421.8. A2421.8. Why cat purrs. (Cf. A2236.8.)

A2422. A2422. How animal lost voice (or power of speech). Dh III 231ff.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2422.1. A2422.1. Why dog lost his power of speech. Bulu: Krug.

A2422.1.1. A2422.1.1. Why dogs do not speak. Dh III 232. (See A2237.1.)--Benga: Nassau 163 No. 22; Zuсi: Handy JAFL XXXI 467; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 243; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2422.2. A2422.2. Why sheep do not speak. Curse of Virgin Mary. (See A2231).--Sйbillot RTP II 492.

A2422.3. A2422.3. Why white crow is dumb. Hottentot: Bleek 45 No. 22.

A2422.4. A2422.4. Why tortoise has no voice. (See A2421.4.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 378.

A2422.5. A2422.5. Why fly has no voice. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 384.

A2422.6. A2422.6. Why raven cannot talk. Dh III 232.

A2422.7. A2422.7. Why frogs cannot speak. Dh III 232.

A2422.8. A2422.8. Why cormorant cannot speak. (See A2344.2.5.)--Dh III 232f.

A2422.9. A2422.9. Why swallows lost voice. (See A2231.2.2.)

A2422.10. A2422.10. Why cock does not speak. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2423. A2423. General quality of animal’s voice.

A2423.1. A2423.1. Animal‘s ugly voice.

A2423.1.1. A2423.1.1. Woodcock’s ugly voice. Exchanged with thrush. (See A2245.1.)

A2423.1.2. A2423.1.2. Peacock‘s ugly voice. (See A2236.2.2.)

A2423.1.3. A2423.1.3. Loon’s ugly voice. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 53.

A2423.1.4. A2423.1.4. Why ass brays. (Cf. A2239.3.)

A2423.1.5. A2423.1.5. Why hornbill speaks through his nose. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 234.

A2423.1.6. A2423.1.6. Origin of snail‘s monotonous voice. Africa: Milligan Jungle 95.

A2423.2. A2423.2. Animal’s pleasing voice.

A2423.2.1. A2423.2.1. Thrush‘s beautiful voice. Exchanged with woodcock. (See A2423.1.1, A2245.1.)

A2423.2.2. A2423.2.2. Cuckoo’s sweet voice. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2425. A2425. Origin of animal cries. (See A2261.1, A2272.1, A2275.1, A2275.2.)--*Millier (A.) Petits Contes du Nivernais (Nevers, 1894); Dh III 355ff.; BP II 535; Wienert FFC LVI 40; Chauvin VIII 49 No. 17; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2425.1. A2425.1. How dog began to bark. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2425.2. A2425.2. Origin of birds’ morning-songs (from singing angels). Jewish: Neuman.

A2426. A2426. Nature and meaning of animal cries. *Dh III 355 ff.--Finnish: *Aarne FFC IX.

A2426.1. A2426.1. Cries of mammals.

A2426.1.1. A2426.1.1. Cry of bush-cat. (See A2275.4.)--U.S.: Baughman.

A2426.1.2. A2426.1.2. Cry of squirrel. Finnish: Aarne FFC IX 3 No. 3.--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 220.

A2426.1.2.1. A2426.1.2.1. Squirrel‘s call: asks whether viper (who ate up his children) is his friend. Bulu: Krug 106.

A2426.1.3. A2426.1.3. Why hog grunts. Finnish: Aarne FFC IX 4 No. 13.--Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259 No. 51; Angola: Chatelain 215.

A2426.1.4. A2426.1.4. The hedgehog’s cry. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *278.

A2426.1.5. A2426.1.5. Why dog barks after thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2426.1.6. A2426.1.6. Why bats cry as they fly. New Guinea: Kerr 7.

A2426.2. A2426.2. Cries of birds.

A2426.2.1. A2426.2.1. Nightingale‘s song. (See A2272.1.1.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3151, Balys Legends No. 260; Japanese: Ikeda.

A2426.2.2. A2426.2.2. Garden warbler’s song. (See A2272.1.3.)

A2426.2.3. A2426.2.3. Bittern‘s song. (See A2261.1, A2275.3.)

A2426.2.4. A2426.2.4. Hoopoe’s song. (See A2261.1, A2275.3.)

A2426.2.5. A2426.2.5. Cuckoo‘s song. (See A2275.2.)--Japanese: Ikeda.

A2426.2.6. A2426.2.6. Cawing of crow. Dh III 126, 257, 357, 369, 371, 372.--Finnish: Aarne FFC IX 7 No. 39; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 223; Australian: Dixon 292.

A2426.2.7. A2426.2.7. Croaking of raven. Dh III 364, 373, 392.--Finnish: Aarne FFC IX 9 No. 46.--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 223; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 261.

A2426.2.8. A2426.2.8. Why dove coos. *Dh III 554 s.v. “Taube”.--Finnish: Aarne FFC IX 12 No. 57; Angola: Chatelain 153 No. 16; Jamaica negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259 No. 50; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2426.2.9. A2426.2.9. Why goose quacks. Finnish: Aarne FFC IX 6 No. 31.

A2426.2.10. A2426.2.10. Why duck quacks. Fb “and”.

A2426.2.11. A2426.2.11. What parrot says. Benga: Nassau 199 No. 29; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2426.2.12. A2426.2.12. Meaning of swallow’s song. Fb “svale”.

A2426.2.13. A2426.2.13. Cackling of guinea hen. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 634.

A2426.2.15. A2426.2.15. Why certain species of eagle cries like a baby: spirit of tortured baby became an eagle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2426.2.16. A2426.2.16. Origin of cry of brain-fever bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2426.2.17. A2426.2.17. Origin of owl‘s cries. (Cf. A2427.3.)--S. Am. Indian (Matoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 48.

A2426.2.18. A2426.2.18. Origin and meaning of cock‘s cry “cock-a-doodle-do”. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 13.

A2426.2.18.1. A2426.2.18.1. Why cock crows on roof with neck stretched out. Korean: Zong in-Sob 25 No. 11.

A2426.3. A2426.3. Sounds of insects.

A2426.3.1. A2426.3.1. Beetle’s hum. (See A2231.11.)

A2426.3.2. A2426.3.2. Gnat‘s buzz. (See A2236.1.)

A2426.3.3. A2426.3.3. Fly’s buzz. (See A2239.2.)

A2426.3.4. A2426.3.4. Cricket‘s chirp. (See A2272.1.2.)

A2426.3.5. A2426.3.5. Mosquito’s buzz. Mpongwe: Nassau 62 No. 12.

A2426.3.6. A2426.3.6. Speech of fireflies. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2426.4. A2426.4. Other animal cries.

A2426.4.1. A2426.4.1. Frog‘s croak. (See A2275.4.)--Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda; Angola: Chatelain 217 No. 38; Liberia: Bundy JAFL XXXII 420.

A2426.4.1.1. A2426.4.1.1. Frogs formerly were ducks stolen from Eden by Cain. God changed them to frogs; and so frogs sound like ducks in the spring. (Cf. A2162.)--U. S.: Baughman.

A2426.4.1.2. A2426.4.1.2. Why frog croaks in wet weather. Korean: Zong in-Sob 35 No. 18.

A2426.4.2. A2426.4.2. Toad’s croak. Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259.

A2427. A2427. Why animal howls (cries out) at night.

A2427.1. A2427.1. Why jackal cries in the night. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2427.2. A2427.2. Why dog howls at night.

A2427.2.1. A2427.2.1. Why dogs howl when man is dying. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2427.3. A2427.3. Why owl hoots at night. (Cf. A2426.2.17.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2428. A2428. Animal‘s hearing.

A2428.1. A2428.1. How animal lost hearing. Dh III 231.

A2430. A2430. Animal characteristics: dwelling and food.

A2431. A2431. Birds’ nests. (Cf. A2486.)

A2431.1. A2431.1. How bird learned to build nest. *Dh III 202.

A2431.2. A2431.2. Why bird has no nest. (See A2233.4.1.)

A2431.2.1. A2431.2.1. Why cuckoo has no nest. (See A2231.3.1.)--Dh III 177, 195, 200; India: Thompson-Balys; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 198f., 250, 270.

A2431.2.1.1. A2431.2.1.1. Crow hatches cuckoo‘s egg. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2431.2.2. A2431.2.2. Why heron has no nest. Congo: Weeks 220 No. 15.

A2431.3. A2431.3. Nature of birds’ nests.

A2431.3.1. A2431.3.1. Dove‘s nest. (See A2271.1.)--Dh III 124, 191--201.

A2431.3.2. A2431.3.2. Diver’s nest. (See A2238.4.)--Dh III 202.

A2431.3.3. A2431.3.3. Ring-dove‘s nest. Exchanged with gull. (See A2247.)--Dh III 124.

A2431.3.4. A2431.3.4. Gull’s nest. Exchanged with ringdove. (See A2247.)--Dh III 124.

A2431.3.5. A2431.3.5. Swallow‘s nest. (See A2221.2.4.)--Dh III 5, 200, 415ff.; Sйbillot RTP III 156; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 16 No. 87.

A2431.3.5.1. A2431.3.5.1. Why swallow does not like green trees for her nest. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3145, Legends No. 272.

A2431.3.6. A2431.3.6. Crow’s nest.

A2431.3.6.1. A2431.3.6.1. Why crow cannot enter sparrow‘s nest. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2431.3.6.2. A2431.3.6.2. Why crow’s nest is not tightly built. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2431.3.6.3. A2431.3.6.3. Why crow must build nests far from people‘s houses. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2431.3.7. A2431.3.7. Sparrow’s nest.

A2431.3.7.1. A2431.3.7.1. Why sparrow may build nest near people‘s houses; reward for hospitality. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2431.3.8. A2431.3.8. Turkey’s nest.

A2431.3.8.1. A2431.3.8.1. Why brush turkey nests on the ground. New Guinea: Kerr 107.

A2432. A2432. Dwelling of other animal than bird.

A2432.1. A2432.1. Why ant lives in ant-hill. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 92 No. 97.

A2432.2. A2432.2. Why wasp has nest. Dh III 189.

A2432.3. A2432.3. Beaver‘s dwelling. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 246.

A2432.4. A2432.4. Porcupine’s dwelling. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 246.

A2432.5. A2432.5. Muskrat‘s dwelling. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 243.

A2432.6. A2432.6. Bear’s den. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 444.

A2432.7. A2432.7. Wart-hog‘s burrow. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 364 No. 16.

A2432.8. A2432.8. Bee’s hive. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2432.9. A2432.9. Why fly lives on dung heap. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 229.

A2432.10. A2432.10. Why the elephant lives without a hut. Wakweli: Bender 82f.

A2433. A2433. Animal‘s characteristic haunt. *Dh III 204ff.

A2433.1. A2433.1. Establishment of animal haunt. (See A2212.2.)

A2433.1.1. A2433.1.1. Animal haunt established by contest (race). (See A2250.1, A2252.1.)

A2433.1.2. A2433.1.2. Animals change their type of dwelling-place. Dh III 215ff.

A2433.1.3. A2433.1.3. Place to live given as patent right to dog. Dh IV 117.

A2433.2. A2433.2. Various haunts of animals.

A2433.2.1. A2433.2.1. Animals that live in woods. Dh III 204ff.

A2433.2.1.1. A2433.2.1.1. Why small ants live in houses while driver ants must live in bush. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 260f.

A2433.2.1.2. A2433.2.1.2. Why gorilla and chimpanzee live in forests: punishment for neglecting their possessions. Bulu: Krug 111f.

A2433.2.2. A2433.2.2. Animals that inhabit water. Dh III 208ff.

A2433.2.3. A2433.2.3. Animals that live alone. Dh III 210ff.

A2433.2.3.1. A2433.2.3.1. Why leopard walks alone. He killed treacherously his saviors and all animals deserted him. Milligan Jungle 99.

A2433.2.4. A2433.2.4. Animals that live with men. Dh III 213ff.

A2433.2.4.1. A2433.2.4.1. Why the chimpanzee lives with men. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 146ff.

A2433.3. A2433.3. Haunts of various animals--mammals.

A2433.3.1. A2433.3.1. Cat’s characteristic haunt. Jewish: Neuman.

A2433.3.1.1. A2433.3.1.1. Why cat keeps chimney-corner. (See A2223.1.)

A2433.3.2. A2433.3.2. Dog‘s characteristic haunt. (See A2233.2.)--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 214; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 213 No. 35 (by the fire), (Wute): Sieber 205.

A2433.3.3. A2433.3.3. Why hare lives in bush. (See A2282.)

A2433.3.4. A2433.3.4. Why hyena stays in burrow. (See A2282.)

A2433.3.5. A2433.3.5. Why coney lives among rocks. (See A2241.7.)

A2433.3.6. A2433.3.6. Why hog lives in sty. Angola: Chatelain 215 No. 36; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.3.7. A2433.3.7. Why rams live at home. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 143 No. 27; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.3.8. A2433.3.8. Why goat lives with men. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 153 No. 29; Benga: Nassau 100 No. 7.

A2433.3.9. A2433.3.9. Why squirrel lives in tree. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 358 No. 11.

A2433.3.9.1. A2433.3.9.1. Why squirrel stays hidden in jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.3.10. A2433.3.10. Why muskrats live in water. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 243.

A2433.3.11. A2433.3.11. Why porcupine lives in high places in mountains. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 246.

A2433.3.12. A2433.3.12. Why beaver lives along rivers. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 246.

A2433.3.13. A2433.3.13. Why elk lives in woods. Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 259.

A2433.3.14. A2433.3.14. Why wolf lives in woods. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 153 No. 29.

A2433.3.15. A2433.3.15. Why elephant does not live in town. Yoruba: Ellis 267 No. 3.

A2433.3.16. A2433.3.16. Why lion stays away from settlement. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 382.

A2433.3.17. A2433.3.17. Why bear lives where he does. Australian: Dixon 298 (trees); Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 444 (mountains).

A2433.3.18. A2433.3.18. Why leopard lives where he does. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 143 (woods), ibid. 153 (desert). India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.3.19. A2433.3.19. Why monkey lives in tree. Mpongwe: Nassau 68 No. 14.

A2433.3.19.1. A2433.3.19.1. Why monkey has first fruits of harvest in every field. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.3.20. A2433.3.20. Why mole lives underground. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 287.

A2433.3.21. A2433.3.21. Why tiger lives in jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.4. A2433.4. Haunts of birds.

A2433.4.1. A2433.4.1. Why owl lives where he does. (See A2229.3. steeple.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 196 (away from other birds).

A2433.4.2. A2433.4.2. Why cock lives in town. (See A2250.1.)--Benga: Nassau 199 No. 29.

A2433.4.3. A2433.4.3. Why ptarmigan lives in country. (See A2250.1.)

A2433.4.4. A2433.4.4. Why parrot lives in tree. Congo: Weeks 220 No. 15.

A2433.4.5. A2433.4.5. Why kingfisher lives in the air. Africa (Togo): Einstein 7.

A2433.4.6. A2433.4.6. Why fowls never shut their doors at night. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 379ff.

A2433.5. A2433.5. Haunts of insects.

A2433.5.1. A2433.5.1. Why nit lives at edge of hair. (See A2236.6.)

A2433.5.2. A2433.5.2. Why fly lives amid filth. (See A2239.2.)

A2433.5.3. A2433.5.3. Haunts of spider. (See A2211.6, large stones, A2261.2, dusty corners.) India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.5.3.1. A2433.5.3.1. Why spider lives under stones. Africa: Meinhof 209.

A2433.5.4. A2433.5.4. Why beetles live in manure. Pueblo: Parsons JAFL XXXI 245.

A2433.5.5. A2433.5.5. Why ants are lords of the bush. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 400.

A2433.5.6. A2433.5.6. Why butterflies haunt urine-impregnated places. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.5.7. A2433.5.7. Why cockroaches live in houses. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.6. A2433.6. Haunts of reptiles, etc.

A2433.6.1. A2433.6.1. Haunts of tortoise (turtle).

A2433.6.1.1. A2433.6.1.1. Why tortoise lives in logs in stream. (See A2282.)--Benga Nassau 139, 207 Nos. 15, 32.

A2433.6.1.2. A2433.6.1.2. Why turtle lays eggs on beach. (Cf. A2486.)--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22.

A2433.6.2. A2433.6.2. Why oyster lives in salt water. Mpongwe: Nassau 62 No. 11.

A2433.6.3. A2433.6.3. Haunts of crab.

A2433.6.3.1. A2433.6.3.1. Why crabs live in water. Kaffir Kidd 249 No. 11; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.6.3.2. A2433.6.3.2. Why crabs burrow in sand. New Guinea: Kerr 86.

A2433.6.3.3. A2433.6.3.3. Why common crab lives underground. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 224.

A2433.6.4. A2433.6.4. Why iguana lives in stream. Benga: Nassau 106 No. 8.

A2433.6.5. A2433.6.5. Why leeches live in water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.6.6. A2433.6.6. Habitation of frog. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Togo): Einstein 7.

A2433.6.7. A2433.6.7. Why toad lives in cold place. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.6.8. A2433.6.8. Habitat of snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2433.6.9. A2433.6.9. Why thousand-legged worm avoids sun. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 61.

A2434. A2434. Habitat of animal. The country or locality in which animal is found.

A2434.1. A2434.1. Why certain animals are found everywhere. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2434.1.1. A2434.1.1. Why birds are everywhere. India: Thompson-Balys; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 209.

A2434.1.2. A2434.1.2. Why bluebirds are everywhere. Pueblo: Parsons JAFL XXXI 219.

A2434.1.3. A2434.1.3. Why snowbirds are everywhere. Pueblo: Parsons JAFL XXXI 218.

A2434.1.4. A2434.1.4. Why black ants are everywhere. Zuсi: Handy JAFL XXXI 468.

A2434.1.5. A2434.1.5. Why jackal may go everywhere. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2434.2. A2434.2. Why certain animals are absent from countries. *Dh III 217ff.

A2434.2.1. A2434.2.1. Why porcupines and skunks do not live on Cape Breton Island. Micmac: Speck JAFL XXVIII 69.

A2434.2.2. A2434.2.2. Why foxes do not live on a certain island: driven out by a god. Japanese: Anesaki Japanese Myth. 252.

A2434.2.3. A2434.2.3. Why there are no snakes in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A2434.3. A2434.3. Why animals live in certain countries. *Dh III 217ff.

A2434.3.1. A2434.3.1. Why locusts live in certain Pueblo towns. Pueblo: Parsons JAFL XXXI 225.

A2434.3.2. A2434.3.2. Why there are wild turkeys in a certain Pueblo town. Pueblo: Parsons JAFL XXXI 235.

A2434.3.3. A2434.3.3. Why elephant lives in Nigeria. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 153 No. 29.

A2435. A2435. Food of animal. *Dh III 295ff., 308ff.

A2435.1. A2435.1. Assignment of food to animal. Circassian: Nicolaides and Carnoy RTP I 80.

A2435.1.1. A2435.1.1. Why certain birds may not drink out of river. (See A2233.1.1.)

A2435.1.2. A2435.1.2. How tiger formerly cooked its food and why it changed. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.2. A2435.2. Nature of animal’s food.

A2435.2.1. A2435.2.1. Why animals eat everything without salt. Zuсi: Handy JAFL XXXI 461.

A2435.2.2. A2435.2.2. Why certain animals are carnivorous. Jewish: Neuman.

A2435.3. A2435.3. Food of various animals--mammals. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.1. A2435.3.1. Food of dog. (See A2247, exchanged with cat.)--Dh III 124, IV 112ff., 121ff.

A2435.3.2. A2435.3.2. Food of cat. (See A2247, exchanged with dog.)--Dh III 124, IV 121ff., 128 (to eat before dog).

A2435.3.3. A2435.3.3. Food of bear. (See A2251.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.4. A2435.3.4. Food of wolf. Man.--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 53. No. 75*; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 144 No. 37.

A2435.3.5. A2435.3.5. Food of wolverine. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 247 (corpses).

A2435.3.6. A2435.3.6. Why moose eat willows. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 231.

A2435.3.7. A2435.3.7. Food of mouse.

A2435.3.7.1. A2435.3.7.1. Why mice eat grease and salmon. Joshua: Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 231.

A2435.3.8. A2435.3.8. Why ant-bear eats insects. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 366 No. 16.

A2435.3.9. A2435.3.9. Food of tiger.

A2435.3.9.1. A2435.3.9.1. Why tigers eat dogs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.9.2. A2435.3.9.2. Why tigers eat uncooked food. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.9.3. A2435.3.9.3. Why tigers eat human flesh. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.9.4. A2435.3.9.4. Why tiger eats buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.10. A2435.3.10. Food of rat.

A2435.3.10.1. A2435.3.10.1. Why rat may eat rice. Brings original rice-plant from pond. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.11. A2435.3.11. Food of reindeer. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2435.3.12. A2435.3.12. Food of hare. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2435.3.12.1. A2435.3.12.1. Why hare never drinks from rivers or streams. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.13. A2435.3.13. Food of squirrel. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2435.3.14. A2435.3.14. Food of pig. Jewish: Neuman.

A2435.3.14.1. A2435.3.14.1. Why pigs feed on excreta. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.3.15. A2435.3.15. Why wildcats come and eat chickens. Chinese: Graham.

A2435.3.16. A2435.3.16. Food of jaguar.

A2435.3.16.1. A2435.3.16.1. Why jaguars eat men. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 83.

A2435.3.17. A2435.3.17. Food of leopard.

A2435.3.17.1. A2435.3.17.1. Why leopards eat men. Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 79.

A2435.4. A2435.4. Food of birds. Joshua: Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 232 (corpses).--India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

A2435.4.1. A2435.4.1. Food of cuckoo. (See A2241.4.)--Dh III 133.

A2435.4.2. A2435.4.2. Why crane suffers thirst. (See A2231.2.1.)

A2435.4.3. A2435.4.3. Why raven suffers thirst. (See A2234.1.)

A2435.4.4. A2435.4.4. Food of eagle. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 242 (fish).--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 372 No. 21.

A2435.4.5. A2435.4.5. Food of buzzard. Ojibwa: Skinner JAFL XXXII 282.

A2435.4.5.1. A2435.4.5.1. Carrion as food of vultures. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2435.4.6. A2435.4.6. Food of hawks. Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 140; Angola: Chatelain 111 No. 7.

A2435.4.7. A2435.4.7. Food of crow. Why crows peck at flesh of men. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.4.7.1. A2435.4.7.1. Why crow eats excrement. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.4.8. A2435.4.8. Food of cock.

A2435.4.8.1. A2435.4.8.1. Why cock scratches for food. Am. Negro: (Georgia) Harris Nights 56 No. 11.

A2435.4.9. A2435.4.9. Food of owl. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2435.4.9.1. A2435.4.9.1. Why owl eats no grain. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.4.9.2. A2435.4.9.2. Why owl drinks no water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.4.10. A2435.4.10. Food of jackdaw. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2435.4.11. A2435.4.11. Food of wren.

A2435.4.11.1. A2435.4.11.1. Why wren eats no berries. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 69f.

A2435.5. A2435.5. Food of insects. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.5.1. A2435.5.1. Why bees may not get honey from red clover. (See A2231.3.2.)

A2435.5.1.1. A2435.5.1.1. Why bees eat their own children. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.5.2. A2435.5.2. Insect fries human blood and eats it. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.6. A2435.6. Food of fish, reptiles, etc.

A2435.6.1. A2435.6.1. Food of tortoise. Jewish: Neuman; Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 370 No. 21.

A2435.6.2. A2435.6.2. Food of snake. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 386; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.6.2.1. A2435.6.2.1. Snake sucks milk from woman‘s breast. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.6.3. A2435.6.3. Why leech feeds on human blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2435.6.6. A2435.6.6. Food of hawks. Chinese: Graham.

A2436. A2436. Why animals lack fire. Sent to steal fire but are lazy and fail. African (Fang): Tessman 18.

A2440. A2440. Animal characteristics: carriage. Dh III 219ff.

A2441. A2441. Animal’s gait or walk.

A2441.1. A2441.1. Animal‘s gait or walk--mammals.

A2441.1.0.1. A2441.1.0.1. Animals (and men) hop because ground is often so dry that it cracks: they have to jump over the cracks. Canada: Baughman.

A2441.1.1. A2441.1.1. Cause of monkey’s walk. Dh III 223, 229.--Africa (Fang): Trilles 179.

A2441.1.2. A2441.1.2. Why baboon walks on all fours. Hottentot: Bleek 36 No. 17.

A2441.1.3. A2441.1.3. Cause of dog‘s walk. Dh III 221.

A2441.1.4. A2441.1.4. Cause of hyena’s walk. Dh III 223.

A2441.1.5. A2441.1.5. Cause of wolverine‘s walk. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 248.

A2441.1.6. A2441.1.6. Cause of skunk’s walk. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 360 No. 12.

A2441.1.7. A2441.1.7. Cause of elephant‘s walk. Dh III 226.--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2441.1.8. A2441.1.8. Cause of ox’s walk. Dh III 227.

A2441.1.9. A2441.1.9. Cause of leopard‘s walk. Dh III 228.

A2441.1.10. A2441.1.10. Cause of cat’s walk. Dh III 229.

A2441.1.11. A2441.1.11. Cause of hare‘s hopping gait. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2441.1.12. A2441.1.12. Cause of sheep’s walk. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2441.2. A2441.2. Cause of bird‘s walk.

A2441.2.1. A2441.2.1. Why raven hops. Jewish. Neuman.

A2441.2.2. A2441.2.2. Graceful step of dove. Jewish: Neuman.

A2441.3. A2441.3. Cause of insect’s walk.

A2441.3.1. A2441.3.1. Why beetle creeps on ground. (See A2232.3.)--Dh III 227.

A2441.3.2. A2441.3.2. Cause of flea‘s movement. Dh III 222f.

A2441.3.3. A2441.3.3. Cause of fly’s movement. Dh III 227.

A2441.4. A2441.4. Cause of movement of reptile, etc.

A2441.4.1. A2441.4.1. Why snake does not go on the road. (See A2233.1.2.)

A2441.4.2. A2441.4.2. Cause of crab‘s walk. Dh III 219ff.

A2441.4.3. A2441.4.3. Cause of toad’s hop. Dh III 222.

A2441.4.4. A2441.4.4. Cause of chameleon‘s movement. Dh III 222.--Jewish: Neuman.

A2442. A2442. Method and position of bird’s flight. Jewish: Neuman.

A2442.1. A2442.1. High and low flight of birds.

A2442.1.1. A2442.1.1. Why some birds cannot fly high. Dh III 230.

A2442.1.2. A2442.1.2. Why parrots fly high. Africa (Congo): Weeks 221.

A2442.2. A2442.2. Flight of various birds.

A2442.2.1. A2442.2.1. Why raven claps wings in flying. (See A2218.6.)

A2442.2.2. A2442.2.2. Why cuckoo flies with difficulty, and sings with wings spread. Sйbillot RTP III 265.

A2442.2.3. A2442.2.3. Why lapwing flies in curves. Sйbillot RTP III 160.

A2442.2.4. A2442.2.4. Bluejay‘s flight. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 348 No. 2.

A2442.2.5. A2442.2.5. Hawk’s flight. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 189.

A2442.2.6. A2442.2.6. Water-birds‘ flight and diving. Dh III 224ff.

A2442.2.7. A2442.2.7. Wild-goose’s flight. Dh III 223.

A2442.2.8. A2442.2.8. Eagle‘s flight. Jewish: Neuman.

A2442.3. A2442.3. How birds began to fly. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2444. A2444. Animal’s method of swimming.

A2444.1. A2444.1. Why some fish swim deep; others shallow. (See A2238.3.)

A2444.2. A2444.2. Why dolphins swim up and down. (See A2275.5.4.)

A2444.3. A2444.3. How salmon swims. Dh III 222.--Irish: Beal XXI 327.

A2450. A2450. Animal‘s daily work.

A2451. A2451. Animal’s occupation: carrying.

A2451.1. A2451.1. Why ants carry large bundles. (See A2221.4.)

A2452. A2452. Animal‘s occupation: hunting. *Dh III 272ff. (For animal’s favorite prey, see A2494, Why certain animals are enemies.)

A2452.1. A2452.1. Why dogs hunt. Sйbillot RTP II 437.

A2452.2. A2452.2. Why stork must hunt for living. Dh III 284ff.

A2452.3. A2452.3. Why hawks put heads of mice, etc. on pile of stones. Zuсi: Handy JAFL XXXI 455.

A2453. A2453. Animal‘s occupation: collecting.

A2453.1. A2453.1. Why ant collects resin. (See A2221.4.)

A2455. A2455. Animal’s occupation: stealing. Dh III 255.

A2455.1. A2455.1. Why wolf is thief. Dh III 295.

A2455.2. A2455.2. Why swallow is thief. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 84b.

A2455.3. A2455.3. Why raven is thief. Because he has none of ten commandments and carries a black stamp on his breast.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 84.

A2455.4. A2455.4. Why hen does not know how to steal. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 88 No. 98a.

A2455.5. A2455.5. Why wolverine is a thief. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 470f.

A2456. A2456. Animal‘s occupation: boring.

A2456.1. A2456.1. Why woodpecker bores in wood. Am. Negro (North Carolina): Brown Collection I 633; Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259 No. 53.

A2456.2. A2456.2. Why wood-worm bores wood. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 243.

A2457. A2457. Animal’s occupation: rolling.

A2457.1. A2457.1. Why tumble-bug rolls in dung. Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 258 No. 46.

A2460. A2460. Animal characteristics: attack and defense.

A2461. A2461. Animal‘s means of defense. Dh III 234ff.

A2461.1. A2461.1. Hare sleeps with open eyes as defense. Dh III 234.

A2461.2. A2461.2. Toad remains still when he hears footsteps (defense). Dh III 235.

A2461.3. A2461.3. Killer-whale uses dorsal fin as weapon. Joshua: Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 236.

A2461.4. A2461.4. Why deer run, stop, and run on again (defense). Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 251.

A2462. A2462. Animal’s habits when attacked.

A2462.1. A2462.1. Why squirrel barks when attacked. Dh III 237.

A2462.2. A2462.2. Why beaver splashes his tail in water and dives when attacked. Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 251.

A2462.3. A2462.3. Why mouse does not defend self against cat. Jewish: Neuman.

A2463. A2463. Animal‘s means of attack.

A2463.1. A2463.1. Why leopard cannot capture animal who passes him on right side. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 146 No. 28.

A2464. A2464. Why animal does not attack.

A2464.1. A2464.1. Why lion does not attack dog. Jewish: Neuman.

A2465. A2465. Means of capturing animal.

A2465.1. A2465.1. Why fish are caught in nets. (Cf. Type 253.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 21 No. 118, XXXIII 55 No. 118.

A2466. A2466. Animal’s habits when caught.

A2466.1. A2466.1. Why opossum plays dead when caught. Dh III 236f.--Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 11 No. 3.

A2466.2. A2466.2. Why turtle beats with forelegs when caught. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 87 No. 15.

A2468. A2468. Animal‘s behavior at death.

A2468.1. A2468.1. Why shrew dies on road. (See A2233.1.3.)

A2468.2. A2468.2. Why toad dries up when dead. (See A2231.8.)--Jewish: Neuman.

A2468.3. A2468.3. Why dragon dies by means of fire. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 379 No. 4.

A2470. A2470. Animal’s habitual bodily movements.

A2471. A2471. Why animals continually seek something. (See A2275.5.)

A2471.1. A2471.1. Why dogs look at one another under tail. (See A2275.5.5, A2232.8; also *Dh IV 129ff.)--Sйbillot RTP ii 433; England, U.S.: Baughman.

A2471.1.1. A2471.1.1. Why dogs sniff at one another. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *202; Prussian: Plenzat 10.

A2471.2. A2471.2. Why hogs inspect one another: seek pancake. (See A2275.5.1.)

A2471.3. A2471.3. Why hawk (vulture) hovers over camp-fire: seeks grandmother. (See A2275.5.2.)

A2471.4. A2471.4. Why diver always looks at sea. (See A2275.5.3.).

A2471.5. A2471.5. Why lynx squints: is looking afar at view. Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 378.

A2471.6. A2471.6. Why dog is always looking. Jamaica negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259 No. 48.

A2471.6.1. A2471.6.1. Why dog looks back at person who has beaten him. Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 421.

A2471.6.2. A2471.6.2. Why dogs howl, looking at sky. Joshua: Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 225.

A2471.7. A2471.7. What hawks are looking for. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 128 No. 22.

A2471.8. A2471.8. Why mason-wasp looks for fireplace. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 346 No. 1.

A2471.9. A2471.9. Why animals always look down. Jewish: Neuman.

A2472. A2472. Why animals ruminate.

A2472.1. A2472.1. Why cows ruminate. (See A2231.1.1.)--Chinese: Graham.

A2473. A2473. Why animals lift their legs.

A2473.1. A2473.1. Why dogs lift their legs. Dh III 261.--Sйbillot RTP II 436; Japanese: Ikeda.

A2473.1.1. A2473.1.1. Why dogs leave droppings at crossroads. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2473.2. A2473.2. Why pigs in mud lift their legs. Jewish: Neuman.

A2474. A2474. Why some animals continually shake head.

A2474.1. A2474.1. Why lizard bobs head up and down. (See A2255.2, A2211.9.)

A2474.2. A2474.2. Why hare shakes head. Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 65.

A2474.3. A2474.3. Why owl shakes head. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2475. A2475. Why animals scent from distance.

A2475.1. A2475.1. Why deer scent people from distance. Sinkyone: Kroeber JAFL XXXII 346.

A2476. A2476. Why animals move mouth, nose, etc.

A2476.1. A2476.1. Why rabbit continually moves mouth. Zanzibar: Bateman 22 No. 1.

A2477. A2477. Why animals root in ground.

A2477.1. A2477.1. Why hog roots in ground. (See A2236.3, A2275.5.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2477.2. A2477.2. Why hen scratches in ground. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 233.

A2478. A2478. Why certain animals are continually eating. (See A2231.1.1.)

A2478.1. A2478.1. Why zebra is continually eating. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 369 No. 19.

A2479. A2479. Other habitual bodily movements of animals.

A2479.1. A2479.1. Why wagtail moves tail up and down. Dh III 226.

A2479.2. A2479.2. Why hare skips about like a leaf. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2479.3. A2479.3. Why jackals make noise at night when seeking food. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2479.4. A2479.4. Why the hedgehog draws himself up: shame at sight of a good man. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2479.6. A2479.6. Why caterpillars climb trees. Marquesas: Handy 115.

A2479.7. A2479.7. Why ants fall upon every man. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 231.

A2479.8. A2479.8. Why dog snaps every fly. Fly laughed at dog’s (feigned) death. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 227.

A2479.9. A2479.9. Why flies fly around ox‘s eyes. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 230.

A2480. A2480. Periodic habits of animals.

A2481. A2481. Why animals hibernate.

A2481.1. A2481.1. Why bears hibernate. Dh III 257.--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 53 No. 78**.

A2482. A2482. Why animals migrate. Dh III 257ff.

A2482.1. A2482.1. Why swallows migrate. Dh III 258.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 16 No. 86; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 86.

A2482.2. A2482.2. Why caribou migrate. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 232.

A2482.3. A2482.3. Why wren does not migrate. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 86a.

A2483. A2483. Why animals shed periodically.

A2483.1. A2483.1. Why snake sheds skin. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 88 No. 110a; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2484. A2484. Why animals crowd together seasonally.

A2484.1. A2484.1. Why fish come in seasonally. New Guinea: Ker 25; Tonga: Gifford.

A2486. A2486. Why animals lay eggs as they do. (Cf. A2431, A2433.6.1.2.)

A2486.1. A2486.1. Why raven lays eggs in March. (See A2251.1.)

A2486.2. A2486.2. Why bustard hatches but two eggs. (See A2284.2.)

A2486.3. A2486.3. Why dove lays but two eggs. (See A2247.4.)

A2486.4. A2486.4. How birds began to lay eggs. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2489. A2489. Animal’s periodic habits--miscellaneous.

A2489.1. A2489.1. Why cock wakes man in morning. India: Thompson-Balys; Mpongwe: Nassau 58 No. 9.

A2489.1.1. A2489.1.1. Why cock crows to greet sunrise. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2490. A2490. Other habits of animals.

A2491. A2491. Why certain animals avoid light. Dh III 266ff.

A2491.1. A2491.1. Why bat flies by night. (See A2275.5.3.)--Dh III 267.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3170; Legends No. 271; Japanese: Ikeda.

A2491.1.1. A2491.1.1. Why bat sleeps by day. (See A2236.3.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2491.2. A2491.2. Why owl avoids daylight. Dh III 270.--Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 162; (Wakweli): Bender 39, 46.

A2491.3. A2491.3. Why mole burrows underground. Dh III 267.--Cherokee: Alexander N. Am. 64.

A2491.4. A2491.4. Tiger cursed with short sight in day time: good sight only at night. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2491.5. A2491.5. Why grasshoppers and locusts hide in day. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2492. A2492. Why certain animals go in herds.

A2492.1. A2492.1. Why jackals do not go in herds. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 368 No. 18.

A2492.2. A2492.2. Why birds do not live in societies. New Guinea: Ker 77.

A2493. A2493. Friendships between the animals. Dh III 324ff.--Bцdker Exempler 290 No. 45--46.--Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 86.

A2493.0.1. A2493.0.1. Former friendship between domestic and wild animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.1. A2493.1. Friendship of prairie-dog and owl. Dh III 352.

A2493.2. A2493.2. Friendship of bat and owl. Dh III 355.

A2493.3. A2493.3. Friendship of tiger and buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.4. A2493.4. Friendship between man and dog. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kweli): Sieber 92f.

A2493.5. A2493.5. Friendship between deer and fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.6. A2493.6. Friendship between squirrel and quail. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.7. A2493.7. Friendship between leopard-cat and squirrel. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.7.1. A2493.7.1. Friendship between leopard-cat and night-jar. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.8. A2493.8. Friendship between leopard and goat. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 433ff.

A2493.9. A2493.9. Friendship of cat and mouse. Grimm No. 2.

A2493.9.1. A2493.9.1. Oath of friendship between cat and rat. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.10. A2493.10. Friendship of fox and titmouse. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2493.11. A2493.11. Friendship between jackal and crocodile. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.11.1. A2493.11.1. Friendship between jackal and alligator. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.11.2. A2493.11.2. Friendship between jackal and elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.11.3. A2493.11.3. Friendship between jackal and tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.11.3.1. A2493.11.3.1. Jackal and tiger as business partners. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.11.4. A2493.11.4. Friendship between jackal and partridge. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.12. A2493.12. Friendship between turtle and heron. New Hebrides: Codrington I 1.

A2493.12.1. A2493.12.1. Friendship between turtle and wallaby. Papua: Ker I.

A2493.13. A2493.13. Friendship between hare and parrot. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.14. A2493.14. Friendship between monkey and elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.14.1. A2493.14.1. Friendship between monkey and tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.14.2. A2493.14.2. Friendship between monkey and lion. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.14.3. A2493.14.3. Friendship between monkey and stork. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.14.4. A2493.14.4. Friendship between monkey and rabbit. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.14.5. A2493.14.5. Friendship between partridge, monkey and elephant. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1008.

A2493.15. A2493.15. Friendship between wolf and ass. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.16. A2493.16. Friendship between cock and dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.17. A2493.17. Friendship between tiger and deer (fawn). India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.18. A2493.18. Friendship between cat and tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.19. A2493.19. Friendship between crab and cobra. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.20. A2493.20. Friendship between frog and cricket. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.21. A2493.21. Friendship between grasshopper and dungbeetle. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.22. A2493.22. Friendship between goat and hog. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.23. A2493.23. Friendship between louse and crow. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.24. A2493.24. Friendship between cow and tiger, calf and cub. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.25. A2493.25. Friendship between snake and crow. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2493.26. A2493.26. Friendship between parrot and maina. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2493.27. A2493.27. Friendship between bird and crab. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2493.28. A2493.28. Friendship between mouse and butterfly. Papua: Ker 100.

A2493.29. A2493.29. Friendship between ant and pheasant. Papua: Ker 118.

A2493.30. A2493.30. Friendship between tiger and lion. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 623, 823.

A2493.30.1. A2493.30.1. Friendship between lion and jackal. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 775, II 895.

A2493.30.2. A2493.30.2. Friendship between cow and lioness. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1028.

A2493.31. A2493.31. Friendship between dog and elephant. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 137.

A2493.32. A2493.32. Friendship between antelope, woodpecker and tortoise. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 642.

A2493.33. A2493.33. Friendship between pike and crawfish. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 41.

A2493.34. A2493.34. Friendship of hen and duck. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 81f.

A2493.34.1. A2493.34.1. Friendship between hen and sparrow. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 51.

A2493.35. A2493.35. Why we know that the parrot comforts and helps man. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 70.

A2494. A2494. Why certain animals are enemies. *Dh III 324ff.--(See A2286.0.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Stanley 78, (Wakweli): Bender 88f.

A2494.1. A2494.1. The cat‘s enemies.

A2494.1.1. A2494.1.1. Enmity between cat and mouse. (See A2281.)--Dh IV 112ff., 144ff.

A2494.1.2. A2494.1.2. Enmity between cat and dog. (See A2281.1.)--Dh IV 117ff., 142ff.

A2494.1.3. A2494.1.3. Enmity between cat and hare. (See A2281.)--Dh III 332.

A2494.1.4. A2494.1.4. Enmity between cat and rat. Dh III 328 (wildcat).--India: Thompson-Balys; Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 419f.

A2494.1.5. A2494.1.5. Enmity between cat and hen. Dh III 329ff.

A2494.1.6. A2494.1.6. Enmity between cat and tiger. Dh III 333f.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 93.

A2494.1.7. A2494.1.7. Enmity between cat and spider. Dh III 331.

A2494.1.8. A2494.1.8. Enmity between civet cat and chicken. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 65ff., 71f.

A2494.2. A2494.2. The leopard‘s enemies. Benga: Nassau 163, 226 Nos. 20, 33; Congo: Weeks 211 No. 7.

A2494.2.1. A2494.2.1. Enmity between leopard and antelope. Dh III 335.--India: Thompson-Balys; Fjort: Dennett 73 No. 15.

A2494.2.2. A2494.2.2. Enmity between leopard and lion. Dh III 338.--Spanish Exempla: Keller.

A2494.2.3. A2494.2.3. Enmity between leopard and goat. (See A2281.)--Africa (Benga): Nassau 99 No. 6, (Angola): Chatelain 195 No. 24, (Vai): Ellis 240 No. 47, (Wakweli): Bender 54.

A2494.2.4. A2494.2.4. Enmity between leopard and deer. Liberia: Bundy JAFL XXXII 417.

A2494.2.5. A2494.2.5. Enmity between dog and leopard. Africa: Stanley 196, (Benga): Nassau 189 No. 25.

A2494.2.6. A2494.2.6. Enmity between leopard and sheep. Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 72.

A2494.2.7. A2494.2.7. Enmity between leopard and monkey. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.3. A2494.3. The hyena’s enemies.

A2494.3.1. A2494.3.1. Enmity between hyena and ass. Dh III 337.

A2494.3.2. A2494.3.2. Enmity between hyena and jackal. Dh III 338.

A2494.3.3. A2494.3.3. Enmity between hyena and weasel. Dh III 338.

A2494.3.4. A2494.3.4. Enmity between hyena and cow. Dh III 338.

A2494.3.5. A2494.3.5. Enmity between hyena and wildcat. Dh III 329.

A2494.4. A2494.4. The dog‘s enemies.

A2494.4.0.1. A2494.4.0.1. Dog driven away from other animals because of his barking. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.4.1. A2494.4.1. Enmity between dog and squirrel. (See A2281.2.)

A2494.4.2. A2494.4.2. Enmity between dog and crocodile. Dh III 327.

A2494.4.3. A2494.4.3. Enmity between dog and mouse. Dh IV 112ff.

A2494.4.4. A2494.4.4. Enmity between dog and rabbit. Dh III 328; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 349 No. 61.

A2494.4.5. A2494.4.5. Enmity between dog and fox. Dh III 328.

A2494.4.6. A2494.4.6. Enmity between dog and cat. (See A2494.1.2, A2281.1.)

A2494.4.7. A2494.4.7. Enmity between dog and lion. Dh III 338.

A2494.4.8. A2494.4.8. Enmity between dog and bull. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.4.9. A2494.4.9. Enmity between dog and tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.4.10. A2494.4.10. Enmity between dog and cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.4.11. A2494.4.11. Enmity between dog and rooster. Duala: Lederbogen Mдrchen V 128.

A2494.4.12. A2494.4.12. Enmity between fowl and dog. Africa: Weeks Cannibals 209.

A2494.4.13. A2494.4.13. Enmity between palm rat and dog. Africa: Weeks Jungle 382f.

A2494.5. A2494.5. The jackal’s enemies.

A2494.5.1. A2494.5.1. Enmity between jackal and wild hen. Dh III 341.

A2494.5.2. A2494.5.2. Enmity between jackal and kite. Dh III 341.

A2494.5.3. A2494.5.3. Enmity between jackal and crab. Dh III 349; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.5.4. A2494.5.4. Enmity between jackal and alligator. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.6. A2494.6. The rabbit‘s enemies.

A2494.6.1. A2494.6.1. Enmity between lynx and rabbit. Penobscot: Speck JAFL XXVIII 54.

A2494.6.2. A2494.6.2. Enmity between rabbit and coyote. Chuh: Kunst JAFL XXVIII 356.

A2494.6.3. A2494.6.3. Enmity between fisher and rabbit. Penobscot: Speck JAFL XXVIII 53.

A2494.7. A2494.7. The lion’s enemies.

A2494.7.1. A2494.7.1. Enmity between monkey and lion. Vai: Ellis 231 No. 40.

A2494.7.2. A2494.7.2. Enmity between lion and wolf. Dh III 339.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 201 No. 27.

A2494.7.3. A2494.7.3. Enmity between lion and man. Wute: Sieber 182f.

A2494.8. A2494.8. The bear‘s enemies. (Cf. A2494.10.3.)

A2494.8.1. A2494.8.1. Enmity between bears and goats. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.8.2. A2494.8.2. Enmity between bear and ant. Dh III 143.

A2494.9. A2494.9. Enemies of fox. (Cf. A2494.4.5.)

A2494.9.1. A2494.9.1. Enmity between baboon and fox. Dh III 332.

A2494.9.2. A2494.9.2. Enmity between fox and chicken. Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 424.

A2494.10. A2494.10. The tiger’s enemies.

A2494.10.1. A2494.10.1. Enmity between tiger and man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.10.2. A2494.10.2. Enmity between tiger and boar. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.10.3. A2494.10.3. Enmity between tiger and bear. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.11. A2494.11. The elephant‘s enemies.

A2494.11.1. A2494.11.1. Enmity between elephant and thousand-leg. Dh III 339.

A2494.11.2. A2494.11.2. Enmity between crocodile and elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.11.3. A2494.11.3. Enmity between elephant and ant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.12. A2494.12. Miscellaneous enmities of mammals. (Cf.A2494.13.3, A2494.13.5.)

A2494.12.1. A2494.12.1. Enmity between panther, antelope, and tortoise. Dh III 335.

A2494.12.2. A2494.12.2. Enmity between mongoose and snake. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 2, 854.

A2494.12.3. A2494.12.3. Enmity between ox and antelope. Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 58 No. 10.

A2494.12.3.1. A2494.12.3.1. Enmity between cattle and snails. China: Eberhard FFC CXX No. 79.

A2494.12.4. A2494.12.4. Enmity between coyote and meadowlark. Pueblo: Parsons JAFL XXXI 227.

A2494.12.5. A2494.12.5. Enmity between raven and mink. Dh. III 351.

A2494.12.6. A2494.12.6. Enmity between marten and squirrel. Dh III 339.

A2494.12.7. A2494.12.7. Enmity between deer and terrapin. North Carolina: Brown Coll. I 103.

A2494.12.8. A2494.12.8. Enmity between rat and spider. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.12.9. A2494.12.9. Enmity between chimpanzee and man. Nyang: Ittman 65ff.

A2494.12.10. A2494.12.10. Enmity between porcupine and snail. Wakweli: Bender 78.

A2494.13. A2494.13. Enmities of birds. (Cf. A2494.12.4, A2494.16.4.)

A2494.13.1. A2494.13.1. Enmity between crow and owl. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Panchatantra III introduction (transl. Ryder); Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 437; Japanese: Ikeda.

A2494.13.2. A2494.13.2. Enmity between kite and crow. Japanese: Ikeda; Zanzibar: Bateman 57 No. 4.

A2494.13.3. A2494.13.3. Enmity between fowl and cockroach. Antigua: Johnson JAFL XXXIV 66.

A2494.13.4. A2494.13.4. Enmity between owl and mouse. Dh III 343.

A2494.13.4.1. A2494.13.4.1. Enmity between owl and fowl. Africa: Weeks Jungle 436ff.

A2494.13.5. A2494.13.5. Enmity between crow and prairie-dog. Dh III 341.

A2494.13.6. A2494.13.6. Enmity between raven and marshsnipe. Dh III 348.

A2494.13.7. A2494.13.7. Enmity between raven and mink. Dh III 351.

A2494.13.8. A2494.13.8. Enmity between woodpecker and weaver-bird. Wakweli: Bender 50.

A2494.13.9. A2494.13.9. Enmity between bird and rat. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.13.10. A2494.13.10. The hen’s enemies.

A2494.13.10.1. A2494.13.10.1. Enmity between hen and all other animals. Dh III 344.

A2494.13.10.2. A2494.13.10.2. Enmity between hen, beetle, and duck. Dh III 347.

A2494.13.10.3. A2494.13.10.3. Enmity between hawk and hen. Dh III 343.--Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 69f.

A2494.13.10.4. A2494.13.10.4. Enmity between falcon and hen. Dh III 348.

A2494.13.10.5. A2494.13.10.5. Enmity between hen and tiger. Fang: Trilles 246.

A2494.13.10.6. A2494.13.10.6. Enmity between birds of prey and chickens. Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 42.

A2494.13.11. A2494.13.11. The starling‘s enemies.

A2494.13.11.1. A2494.13.11.1. Enmity between grasshopper and starling. Dh III 349.

A2494.13.11.2. A2494.13.11.2. Enmity between starling and locust. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.13.11.3. A2494.13.11.3. Enmity between parrot and starling. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.13.12. A2494.13.12. Enmity between fowl and falcon. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 613.

A2494.14. A2494.14. The insects’ enemies. (Cf. A2494.13.3, A2494.13.10.2, A2494.13.11.1.)

A2494.14.1. A2494.14.1. Enmity between spider and fly. Dh III 349.--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 150 No. 67.

A2494.14.2. A2494.14.2. Enmity between spider and wasp. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.14.3. A2494.14.3. Why stinging flies sit on eyes of cattle. Wakweli: Bender 64.

A2494.15. A2494.15. The fish‘s enemies.

A2494.16. A2494.16. Enemies of reptiles and other animal forms. (Cf. A2494.11.2, A2494.12.7.)

A2494.16.1. A2494.16.1. Enmity between frog and snake. Dh III 349f.

A2494.16.2. A2494.16.2. Enmity between chameleon and lizard. Dh III 349.

A2494.16.3. A2494.16.3. Enmity between cobra and viper. Dh III 350.

A2494.16.4. A2494.16.4. Enmity between bird and lizard. Latter muddies water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.16.5. A2494.16.5. Enmity between crab and spider. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2494.16.6. A2494.16.6. Enmity between earthworm and rattlesnake. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 67.

A2494.16.7. A2494.16.7. Enmity between octopus and rat. Tonga: Gifford 206.

A2495. A2495. Animal’s treatment of its excrements (urine).

A2495.1. A2495.1. Why cat buries its excrements. Cyprus: Hadjioannou No. 9; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2495.2. A2495.2. Why ass smells his own excrements. Jewish: Neuman.

A2495.3. A2495.3. Why donkeys always urinate when others begin. Jewish: Neuman.

A2496. A2496. Sexual intercourse of animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2496.1. A2496.1. Why dogs get stuck in copulation. (Cf. A2236.3, A2236.5.)--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2496.2. A2496.2. Copulation of serpents. Jewish: Neuman.

A2496.3. A2496.3. Why men, fish and serpents face each other in copulation. Jewish: Neuman.

A2497. A2497. Monogamy among animals.

A2497.1. A2497.1. Monogamous life of dove. Jewish: Neuman.

A2499. A2499. Other habits of animals: miscellaneous.

A2499.1. A2499.1. Why tigers do not kill women who run away after quarreling with their husbands. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2500--A2599.

A2500--A2599. Animal characteristics--miscellaneous.

A2500. A2500. Animal characteristics--miscellaneous.

A2510. A2510. Utility of animals.

A2510.1. A2510.1. Why reindeer has so many qualities. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 58e.

A2511. A2511. Why flesh of animal is good.

A2511.1. A2511.1. Why black bears are better eating than grizzly bears. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 448.

A2512. A2512. Animal useful because of power of scenting.

A2512.1. A2512.1. Why dog can follow animal‘s scent. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2513. A2513. Why certain animals serve men. Dh III 249ff.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3108.

A2513.0.1. A2513.0.1. Existence of animals depends upon existence of man. Jewish: Neuman.

A2513.1. A2513.1. Origin of dog’s service. Dog must serve and obey man for meager recompense. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3109; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2513.1.1. A2513.1.1. Dog looks for the most powerful master. Stays for good in man‘s service, since man fears no one. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *205.

A2513.2. A2513.2. How cat was domesticated. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2513.3. A2513.3. How pig was domesticated. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2513.4. A2513.4. Why goat lives with man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2513.5. A2513.5. Why ox serves man. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2515. A2515. Animal useful for bearing burdens.

A2515.1. A2515.1. Why ox is draft animal. (See A2252.2.)

A2520. A2520. Disposition of animals.

A2521. A2521. Why animal is sad.

A2521.1. A2521.1. Why turtle-dove is sad. Sйbillot RTP III 159.

A2522. A2522. Why animal is disliked.

A2522.1. A2522.1. Why sparrow is disliked. Sйbillot RTP III 159.

A2522.2. A2522.2. Why shrike is disliked. Sйbillot RTP III 159.

A2522.3. A2522.3. Why white ants are a pest. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 67 No. 7.

A2522.4. A2522.4. Why skunk is disliked. Inca: Krickeberg Mдrchen der Azteken und Inkaperuaner 254.

A2522.5. A2522.5. Why crow is disliked. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2522.6. A2522.6. Why wren is disliked. Irish myth: Cross.

A2522.7. A2522.7. Why fly is hated. Africa (Fang): Tressman 79ff.

A2523. A2523. Why animal is evil. Jewish: Neuman.

A2523.1. A2523.1. Why hog has evil spirit. (See A2287.1.)

A2523.2. A2523.2. Why snakes are proud. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2523.2.1. A2523.2.1. Why rattlesnake is dangerous. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 69.

A2524. A2524. Why animal is pugnacious (brave, bold).

A2524.1. A2524.1. Why grizzly bears are pugnacious. Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 448.

A2524.2. A2524.2. Why sandpiper (machetis pugnax) fights. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 54 No. 104**.

A2524.3. A2524.3. Why bears attack men. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2524.4. A2524.4. Why fish attack anything they find. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2524.5. A2524.5. Why lion is brave. Jewish: Neuman.

A2524.6. A2524.6. Why dog is bold. Jewish: Neuman.

A2525. A2525. Why animals are deceptive.

A2525.1. A2525.1. Why hare is deceptive. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 375 No. 1.

A2525.2. A2525.2. Why crab is cunning. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2525.3. A2525.3. Why fox is sly. Jewish: Neuman.

A2526. A2526. Why animals are unrestrained.

A2526.1. A2526.1. Why dog lacks restraint. Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 369.

A2527. A2527. Why animal is vain.

A2527.1. A2527.1. Why cock is vain and selfish. Jewish: Neuman.

A2527.2. A2527.2. Why peacock is vain. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 8.

A2528. A2528. Why animal is strong.

A2528.1. A2528.1. Why leopard is strong. Jewish: Neuman.

A2531. A2531. Why animal is harmless.

A2531.0.1. A2531.0.1. Wild animals lose their ferocity. Jewish: Neuman. (Cf. A2295.)

A2531.1. A2531.1. Why water serpents are not venomous. (Cf. A2532.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys; Pueblo: Parsons JAFL XXXI 250; Congo: Weeks 213 No. 9.

A2531.2. A2531.2. Why grizzly bear is peaceable. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 95, (Joshua): Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 241.

A2531.3. A2531.3. Why elephant is peaceable. Congo: Weeks 214 No. 10.

A2531.3.1. A2531.3.1. Why elephant flees when cock crows. Africa (Dinka): Casati I 49.

A2532. A2532. Why animals are venomous.

A2532.1. A2532.1. Why snakes are venomous. (Cf. A2235.)--Choctaw: Alexander N. Am. 64; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

A2532.2. A2532.2. Why hairy caterpillar is venomous. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2534. A2534. Why animal is timorous.

A2534.1. A2534.1. Why crab is afraid in dark. Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259 No. 54.

A2536. A2536. Animals of good omen.

A2536.1. A2536.1. Why swallow brings good luck. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 86 No. 84a.

A2536.2. A2536.2. Why ring-dove brings good luck. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 353 No. 7.

A2536.3. A2536.3. Why spider brings good luck. Africa (Fang): Einstein 99. (Cf. A523.1.)

A2537. A2537. Why animal is stupid.

A2537.1. A2537.1. Why fish is stupid. Jewish: Neuman.

A2537.2. A2537.2. Why ass is stupid. Jewish: Neuman.

A2540. A2540. Other animal characteristics.

A2541. A2541. Why animal is sacred.

A2541.1. A2541.1. Why bee is sacred. Dh I 215; Sйbillot RTP III 158.

A2541.2. A2541.2. Why stork is holy. (See A2221.5.)--Dh III 286; Sйbillot RTP III 128.

A2542. A2542. Why animal is cursed.

A2542.1. A2542.1. Why magpie is cursed. (See A2231.)--Sйbillot RTP III 159.

A2542.1.1. A2542.1.1. Magpie refuses to get into ark, sits around outside, jabbering over drowned world, is unlucky. (cf. A2232.4.) England: Baughman.

A2542.2. A2542.2. Why spider is cursed. (See A2231.5.)

A2545. A2545. Animal given certain privilege.

A2545.1. A2545.1. Why flies may eat anywhere. (See A2221.2.1, A2229.4.)

A2545.2. A2545.2. Why cat eats first. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 225; S. Carolina negro: Davis JAFL XXVII 244 (eats before washing).

A2545.3. A2545.3. Why dog eats first.

A2545.4. A2545.4. Dog granted proper food. Dh IV 112.

A2545.5. A2545.5. Why wild pigs ravage rice-fields. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2546. A2546. Animal granted patent of nobility.

A2546.1. A2546.1. Dog granted patent of nobility. Dh IV 117ff.

A2546.2. A2546.2. Wolf granted patent of nobility. Dh IV 125.

A2547. A2547. Why certain animal is king.

A2547.1. A2547.1. Why certain bird is king of birds. India: Thompson-Balys; Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 281.

A2551. A2551. Why game is easy to hunt. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 218.

A2552. A2552. Why game animals are elusive. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 59, (Cavina, Tumapasa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448.

A2555. A2555. Why certain animals are swift.

A2555.1. A2555.1. Why sheep is a good runner. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 231.

A2561. A2561. Why certain animals are sterile.

A2561.1. A2561.1. Why mule is sterile. Sйbillot RTP II 492.--Laguna and Zuсi: Parsons JAFL XXXI 259.

A2571. A2571. How animals received their names. *Dh III 186ff.--Marshall Islands: Davenport 222.

A2571.0.1. A2571.0.1. Adam gives name to all animals. Jewish: Neuman.

A2571.0.2. A2571.0.2. Adam names male animals, Eve, female. Jewish: Neuman.

A2571.0.3. A2571.0.3. God gives animals their name on first Sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

A2571.0.4. A2571.0.4. Names of animals explained by their characteristics. Jewish: Neuman.

A2571.1. A2571.1. How the blackbird (merulus) received its name. Irish myth: Cross.

A2575. A2575. Quarrels introduced among animals. Africa (Congo): Weeks 205 No. 2.

A2576. A2576. Why monkeys do not fall from trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2577. A2577. Why tiger cannot come down a tree head foremost. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2578. A2578. Why animal has long life. Jewish: Neuman.

A2578.1. A2578.1. Why daddy-long-legs has long life. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2578.2. A2578.2. Why eagle has long life. Jewish: Neuman.

A2581. A2581. Why tiger lacks some qualities of cats: cat, his teacher, omitted to teach him all he knew. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2582. A2582. Why certain animals are plentiful.

A2582.1. A2582.1. Why pigs are plentiful. New Guinea: Ker 13.

A2584. A2584. Why particular animals are not found in certain place.

A2584.1. A2584.1. Why certain district is free of mosquitoes. Korean: Zong in-Sob 58, No. 32.

A2584.2. A2584.2. Why ants no longer live on the back of the hare. Korean: Zong in-Sob 33 No. 16.

A2585. A2585. Why there is enmity between certain animals and man. Jewish: Neuman.

A2585.1. A2585.1. Origin of enmity between serpent and man. Jewish: Neuman.

A2600--A2699.

A2600--A2699. Origin of trees and plants.

A2600--A2649.

A2600--A2649. VARIOUS ORIGINS OF PLANTS

A2600. A2600. Origin of plants. Dh I 170f.--**Wьnsche Die Pflanzenfabel in der Weltliteratur (Leipzig 1905).--Persian: Carnoy 281; Hawaiian: Dixon 38; Maori: Clark 15.

A2601. A2601. Origin of plants: creator sends down the insects, who plant them. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2602. A2602. Planting the earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2610. A2610. Creation of plants by transformation.

A2611. A2611. Plants from body of slain person or animal. Dh I 79.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 23, 129; S. Am. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 128, (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A2611.0.1. A2611.0.1. Plants from grave of dead person or animal. India: Thompson-Balys; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 67; S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 38, (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359f., (Cashinawa): Mйtraux ibid. 686.

A2611.0.2. A2611.0.2. Plants from foetus or body of stillborn child. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2611.0.3. A2611.0.3. Human placenta transformed into plant. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2611.0.4. A2611.0.4. Parts of body of god transformed into plants. India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 188.

A2611.0.4.1. A2611.0.4.1. Women transformed into flowers. Marquesas: Handy 135.

A2611.0.5. A2611.0.5. Parts of human or animal body transformed into plants. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 130f. Nos. 85, 89; S. Am. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 128.

A2611.1. A2611.1. Corn from body of slain person. (Cf. A2685.1.)--Babylonian: Spence 140; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 293 n. 77; S. Am. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 292; Yunca (Peru): ibid. 225, (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 360, (Brazil): Oberg 108; (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A2611.2. A2611.2. Tobacco from grave of bad woman. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 128. XXXIII 56 No. 128; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 152 No. 76; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 96 No. 125; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3240, Legends Nos. 326--337; S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 62.

A2611.2.1. A2611.2.1. Tobacco from grave of virgin. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2611.3. A2611.3. Coconut tree from head of slain monster. Oceanic (Samoa, Union Group, Mangaia, Tahiti): Dixon 55; (Cook Is.): Beckwith Myth 104, (Solomon Is.): ibid. 104, (Papua): Ker 92, (Tuamotu): Beckwith Myth 103.

A2611.4. A2611.4. Pepper plant from body of slain person. (Cf. A2686.3.)--Zuсi: Cushing 183.

A2611.5. A2611.5. Mandrake from blood of person hanged on gallows. (Cf. A2664.)--**Starck Der Alraun; *Taylor JAFL XXXI 561f.; Penzer III 153.; *Fb “alrunerod” IV 10a.

A2611.6. A2611.6. Hair transformed into plants. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2611.6.1. A2611.6.1. Grass from hair of slain person. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2611.7. A2611.7. Origin of rue: from drops of Christ‘s blood. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3218, Legends No. 304.

A2612. A2612. Plants from tears.

A2612.1. A2612.1. Tears of Adam and Eve leaving paradise become trees. (Cf. A2681.)--Dh I 223ff.

A2612.2. A2612.2. Tears of Mary at Annunciation become daisies. (Cf. A2651.)---- Dh II 7.

A2612.3. A2612.3. God’s tears become peas. (Cf. A2686.2.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 126.

A2613. A2613. Plant from spittle.

A2613.1. A2613.1. Mushroom from spittle of deity. (Cf. A2686.1.)--Dh II 107; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3230, Legends No. 325.

A2615. A2615. Object transformed to plant. Jewish: Neuman.

A2615.1. A2615.1. Mary hides in ground nail to be used for cross: origin of thistles. (Cf. A2688.1.)--Dh II 216.

A2615.2. A2615.2. Plant from mother‘s milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2615.3. A2615.3. Canoe transformed into coconut tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 232.

A2615.4. A2615.4. Seaweed becomes vegetation. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152.

A2616. A2616. One plant transformed into another. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 152.

A2617. A2617. Plants from transformed person (animal).

A2617.1. A2617.1. Living boys or girls transformed into plants. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2617.2. A2617.2. Living animals transformed into plants. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2620. A2620. Plants originate from experience of holy person.

A2621. A2621. Plants from tread of holy person. Dh II 7.--Japanese: Anesaki 240.

A2621.1. A2621.1. Flowers from under the feet of Virgin Mary. (Cf. A2650.)--*Dh II 258; BP I 100 n. 1.

A2621.2. A2621.2. Plants from tread of goddess. Greek myth: Grote I 5 (Aphrodite).

A2622. A2622. Peter lets key of heaven fall: origin of “Heaven Key” (primrose). Peter hears that duplicate key to heaven has been made. In his excitement he lets his key drop to earth. It is returned by an angel. Where it dropped are the “Heaven Keys”. (Cf. A2653.)--*Dh II 190.

A2623. A2623. St. Peter’s grass. Created by the saint as medicine for snakebite. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 301.

A2624. A2624. Origin of plant from staff of holy person.

A2624.1. A2624.1. Origin of thorn tree from staff of Joseph of Arimathea. England: Baughman.

A2625. A2625. Plants from clothing of deity. (Cf. A2615.)--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 282; Tahiti: Henry 338.

A2630. A2630. Other types of plant origins.

A2631. A2631. Origin of plant as punishment. (Cf. A2230.)

A2631.1. A2631.1. Punishment for first murder: thistles, etc. Until murder was committed, only useful plants grew on earth; since then, thistles. (Cf. A2688.1.)--Dh I 248.

A2631.1.1. A2631.1.1. Punishment for Fall of Man: thistles, etc. Jewish: Neuman.

A2632. A2632. Origin of plant as reward.

A2632.1. A2632.1. Willow shelters Holy Family: becomes weeping willow. (Cf. A2681.1.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 132c.

A2632.2. A2632.2. Origin of tree for crucifixion of Christ. Planted by Adam‘s son on the grave of primeval father. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 66.

A2634. A2634. Plants created by direct divine agency. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 550, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 41.

A2650--A2699.

A2650--A2699. ORIGIN OF VARIOUS PLANTS AND TREES

A2650. A2650. Origin of flowers. (See A2617.1, A2621.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2651. A2651. Origin of daisy. (See A2612.2.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 253*.

A2653. A2653. Origin of primrose. (Cf. A2622.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 250.

A2654. A2654. Origin of “Mary’s bed straw” (thymus serpyllum). Flemish: De Meyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 251*.

A2655. A2655. Origin of bindweed (convolvulus sepium). Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 252*.

A2656. A2656. Origin of rose.

A2656.1. A2656.1. Origin of mossrose. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 254*

A2656.2. A2656.2. Origin of York and Lancaster rose. From dust and blood of slain of War of the Roses--a variety of rose unknown before that time. England: Baughman.

A2657. A2657. Origin of forget-me-not. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 255*.

A2658. A2658. Origin of lady-slipper (calceolaria hybrida). Flemish: DeMeyer XXXVII 92 No. 256*.

A2661. A2661. Origin of snowdrop (galanthus nivatis). Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 257*.

A2662. A2662. Origin of hellebore. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 259*.

A2663. A2663. Origin of clove. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 261*.

A2664. A2664. Origin of mandrake. (See A2611.5.)

A2665. A2665. Origin of wild morning glory. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 282.

A2665.1. A2665.1. Origin of narcissus. Chinese: Eberhard 131 No. 87.

A2666. A2666. Origin of rue. (See A2611.0.4.1.)

A2680. A2680. Origin of other plant forms.

A2681. A2681. Origin of trees. (See A2612.1.)--Finnish: Kalevala rune 2; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325--26; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2681.1. A2681.1. Origin of weeping willow. (See A2632.1.)

A2681.2. A2681.2. Origin of oak. Finnish: Kalevala rune 2.

A2681.3. A2681.3. Poplars from weeping maidens transformed by god. *Frazer Pausanias II 72.

A2681.4. A2681.4. Origin of birch trees.

A2681.4.1. A2681.4.1. First birch trees in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

A2681.5. A2681.5. Origin of palms. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2681.5.1. A2681.5.1. Origin of coconut tree. (See A2611.3.)--Oceanic (Cove Is.): Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 104, (Tahiti): ibid. 101, (New Guinea): ibid. 102, (Marshall Is.): Davenport 223, (Marquesas): Handy 30.

A2681.6. A2681.6. Origin of bamboo. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2681.7. A2681.7. Origin of sandalwood tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2681.8. A2681.8. Origin of dammar tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2681.9. A2681.9. Origin of mulberry tree. Marquesas: Handy 123.

A2681.10. A2681.10. Origin of banyan tree. Marquesas: Handy 123.

A2681.11. A2681.11. Origin of breadfruit tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 68, 971, 101.

A2681.12. A2681.12. Origin of palm-wine tree. Africa (Bushonga): Torday 236.

A2681.13. A2681.13. Origin of cedar tree. Jewish: Neuman.

A2682. A2682. Origin of creepers. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 128.

A2683. A2683. Origin of grass. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2684. A2684. Origin of cultivated plants. (Cf. A2685, A2691.2.)--Jibaro: Karsten, cf. JAFL XXXII 446; Tonga: Gifford 17f.; Japanese: Beckwith Myth 102.

A2684.1. A2684.1. Origin of flax. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 112.

A2684.2. A2684.2. Origin of hemp. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2684.2.1. A2684.2.1. Origin of sorghum. Africa (Wute): Sieber 204.

A2684.3. A2684.3. Origin of cotton plant. S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.

A2685. A2685. Origin of cereals.

A2685.1. A2685.1. Origin of corn. (See A2611.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2685.1.1. A2685.1.1. Origin of maize. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 172, (Tembй): Mйtraux ibid. 140, (Kaigua, Apapocuva-Guarani): Mйtraux ibid. 136, (Tenetehara): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 148.

A2685.2. A2685.2. Origin of straw. Formerly whole blade became grain. Straw left for dog. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 10. No. 49, XXXIII 53 No. 49; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 143 No. 28; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2685.3. A2685.3. Origin of rye. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 129; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2685.4. A2685.4. Origin of barley. Finnish: Kalevala rune 2; Jewish: Neuman.

A2685.5. A2685.5. Origin of manioc. S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 360, (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 128.

A2686. A2686. Origin of vegetables. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2686.1. A2686.1. Origin of mushroom. (Cf. A2613.1.)--Dh II 107; India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2686.2. A2686.2. Origin of peas. (See A2612.3.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2686.3. A2686.3. Origin of pepper plant. (See A2611.4.)--S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109.

A2686.3.1. A2686.3.1. Origin of kava plant. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 101, Gifford 72, 75.

A2686.4. A2686.4. Origin of edible roots. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2686.4.1. A2686.4.1. Origin of sweet potato. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 242; S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109.

A2686.4.2. A2686.4.2. Origin of taro. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 67; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 98.

A2686.4.3. A2686.4.3. Origin of yams. Tonga: Gifford 17.

A2686.5. A2686.5. Origin of turmeric. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2686.6. A2686.6. Origin of beans. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A2686.7. A2686.7. Origin of gourds. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.

A2686.8. A2686.8. Origin of cinnamon. Jewish: Neuman.

A2687. A2687. Origin of fruits.

A2687.1. A2687.1. Origin of blood-oranges. Sйbillot RTP III 25.

A2687.2. A2687.2. Origin of melons. S. Am. Indian (Mataco): MAFLS XL 128.

A2687.3. A2687.3. Origin of berries. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 188, 282.

A2687.4. A2687.4. Origin of pumpkin. S. Am. Indian (Jivaro): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 627.

A2687.5. A2687.5. Origin of banana. Tonga: Gifford 17.

A2688. A2688. Origin of weeds. India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 22.

A2688.1. A2688.1. Origin of thistles. (See A2615.1, A2631.1.)--Irish myth: Cross; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 130; Jewish: Neuman.

A2688.1.1. A2688.1.1. Origin of thorn-bush. Fb “torn” III 827a; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2691. A2691. Origin of narcotic plants.

A2691.1. A2691.1. Origin of coffee. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 127.

A2691.2. A2691.2. Origin of tobacco. (See A2611.2, A2611.2.1.)--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 131 No. 88; India: *Thompson-Balys; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 58; S. Am. Indian (Cariri): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 559.

A2691.3. A2691.3. Origin of ganja. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2691.4. A2691.4. Origin of opium. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard 131 No. 88.

A2691.5. A2691.5. Origin of betel. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2692. A2692. Origin of poisonous plants. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 686; Africa (Tonga): Gifford 27.

A2700--A2799.

A2700--A2799. Origin of plant characteristics.

A2700--A2749.

A2700--A2749. VARIOUS ORIGINS OF PLANT CHARACTERISTICS

A2700. A2700. Origin of plant characteristics. Jewish: Neuman.

A2710. A2710. Plant characteristics as reward.

A2711. A2711. Plant blessed for pious act. (Cf. A2221.)

A2711.1. A2711.1. Plant blessed for help at Jesus‘ birth. Dh II 19f.

A2711.2. A2711.2. Trees blessed that made the cross. Dh II 207.

A2711.2.1. A2711.2.1. Elder tree is never struck by lightning because it was used in making the cross. England: Baughman.

A2711.3. A2711.3. Plant blessed for helping holy fugitive. Dh II 58ff.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 197f., 202ff.; Irish: Beal XXI 306.

A2711.4. A2711.4. Tree protects Jesus from rain: is green all year. (Cf. A2765.1.)--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 152 No. 80 (fig); Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 94 No. 113 (pine).

A2711.4.1. A2711.4.1. Hazel gives Virgin Mary shelter. Blessed. *BP III 477; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 198f., 204.

A2711.4.2. A2711.4.2. Thistle serves as milk-cup for Virgin Mary: white spots on leaves. England: Baughman.

A2711.4.3. A2711.4.3. Plant receives name because of service to Virgin Mary. German: Grimm No. 207.

A2711.5. A2711.5. Rowan helps Thor out of river. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 84.

A2711.6. A2711.6. How the plum tree came to be so hardy: blessed by Ram. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2711.7. A2711.7. Fig tree stays with the angels: rewarded with sap of all other trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2720. A2720. Plant characteristics as punishment.

A2721. A2721. Plant cursed for impious act.

A2721.1. A2721.1. Plant cursed for disservice to child Jesus. (Cf. A2772.2.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 90 No. 130a (rush).

A2721.2. A2721.2. Plant cursed for disservice at crucifixion. (Cf. A2711.2.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3222, Legends No. 323.

A2721.2.1. A2721.2.1. Tree cursed for serving as cross. (Cf. A2751.3.1, A2751.3.2, A2755.2, A2762.1, A2775.)--Dh II 207ff.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 131, XXXIII 56 No. 131; Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 152 No. 77; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 94 No. 108; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 636.

A2721.2.1.1. A2721.2.1.1. Aspen cursed for serving as cross. (Cf. A2762.1.)--England, Scotland: Baughman.*

A2721.2.1.2. A2721.2.1.2. Poplar cursed for serving as cross. (Cf. A2762.2.)--U.S.: Baughman.

A2721.2.1.3. A2721.2.1.3. Cottonwood cursed for serving as cross. U.S.: Baughman.

A2721.2.1.4. A2721.2.1.4. Elder cursed for serving as cross. (Cf. A2766.1.)--England: Baughman.

A2721.2.2. A2721.2.2. Indentations on plants from Christ‘s biting them at crucifixion. (cf. A2751.3.1.)--Dh II 198.

A2721.3. A2721.3. Plant punished for ungracious answer to holy person.

A2721.3.1. A2721.3.1. Man tells Jesus he is sowing stones. “You shall get stones.” Why peas do not soften in boiling. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 152 No. 78; cf. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 96 No. 124; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3016.

A2721.3.2. A2721.3.2. Farmer tells begging monk that potatoes are hard as stones: why potatoes are hard. Japanese: Anesaki Japanese Myth 252.

A2721.4. A2721.4. Plant cursed for betraying holy fugitive. Dh II 58ff.

A2721.5. A2721.5. Tree on which Judas hanged himself cursed. Dh II 236ff.; **Taylor “The Gallows of Judas Iscariot” Washington University Studies (Humanistic series) IX (1922) 135ff.

A2721.6. A2721.6. Why the mogli flower and the lime are cursed by gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2721.7. A2721.7. Trees fail to come at god’s leavetaking, now bear bitter fruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2721.8. A2721.8. Barren trees as punishment of earth for disobedience at man‘s fall. Jewish: Neuman.

A2722. A2722. Plant punished for disobedience.

A2722.1. A2722.1. Plantain disobeys mother: hence bears but one stalk. (Cf. A2771.2.)--Mpongwe: Nassau 76 No. 16.

A2723. A2723. Plant punished for discontent. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 134 No. 91.

A2723.1. A2723.1. Discontented pine-tree: cause of pine needles. Pine tree given silk leaves, glass leaves, etc. Always discontented. Finally has needles again. (Cf. A2767.1.)--*Dh III 337.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 94 No. 114.

A2723.2. A2723.2. God changes nature of plant to punish wastefulness of man: yield of plant is decreased. German: Grimm No. 194.

A2725. A2725. Plant punished for tardiness.

A2725.1. A2725.1. Ash-tree late at distribution of qualities at creation: therefore buds last. (Cf. A2771.1.)--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 95 No. 115.

A2726. A2726. Plant punished for tale-telling.

A2726.1. A2726.1. Curse of tale-telling banana affects all others. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2730. A2730. Miscellaneous reasons for plant characteristics.

A2731. A2731. Plant characteristics from transformation.

A2731.1. A2731.1. Trickster’s burnt flesh becomes gum on trees. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 304 n. 1091.

A2731.2. A2731.2. Plant characteristics from tears. (Cf. A2755.3.1, A2755.3.2.)--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 82 n. 2, 86 n. 2.

A2731.2.1. A2731.2.1. Plant characteristics from Virgin Mary‘s tears. *Dh II 255ff.

A2731.2.1.1. A2731.2.1.1. Plant characteristics from Virgin Mary’s milk. England: Baughman.

A2731.3. A2731.3. Blood from wizard becomes red grain of cedar. Bleeding head of wizard who tries to kill the sun placed on top of a tree. (Cf. A2755.1.)--Yuchi: Alexander N. Am. 64.

A2731.4. A2731.4. Why agar-tree has magic properties. A transformed magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2733. A2733. Poppy characteristics from series of reincarnations. Opium produces each of the appropriate qualities. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2734. A2734. Plant characteristics from object thrown by devil.

A2734.1. A2734.1. Devil throws sand at aspen: hence rough bark. Angered because aspens will not cease quivering. (Cf. A2751.2.1.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 132.

A2734.2. A2734.2. Devil throws tar at tree: hence tar in tree-heart. (Cf. A2755.3.)--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 4 No. 10. Cf. Type 153.

A2736. A2736. Evil spirit in spite puts bark and thorns on tree. (A2751.1, A2752.)--Persian: Carnoy 283.

A2738. A2738. Christ puts knots in wood. Peter, angry at carpenters wants Christ to have iron knots in wood. Christ does make hard knots but not iron. (Cf. A2755.4.)--Dh II 174ff.

A2741. A2741. Plant characteristics from accident to original plant.

A2741.1. A2741.1. Bean laughs till it splits: cause of black stripe. (Cf. A2793.1, F1025.1.)--Type 295.--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 90 No. 126a; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 95 No. 121.

A2741.2. A2741.2. Yams dropped by bird and split: why some are good and some bad. (Cf. A2793.3.)--New Hebrides (Leper‘s Island): Dixon 144.

A2741.3. A2741.3. Sky rests on top of trees: hence flat leaves. (Cf. A2761.3.)--Polynesian: Dixon 51 n. 55.

A2741.4. A2741.4. Bush loses clothes in shipwreck: hence catches passerby looking for clothes. (Cf. A2792.1.)--See A2275.5.3.

A2741.5. A2741.5. Why khijur leaves are long and narrow: split with an arrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2742. A2742. Plant characteristics from exchange of qualities. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2743. A2743. Plant characteristic because plant belongs to the devil.

A2743.1. A2743.1. Fuschia belongs to devil: hence ball and red petals. North Carolina: Brown Coll. I 635.

A2750--A2799.

A2750--A2799. ORIGIN OF VARIOUS PLANT CHARACTERISTICS

A2750. A2750. Interior and bark of plant.

A2751. A2751. Bark of plant.

A2751.1. A2751.1. Origin of bark on plants. (See A2736.)

A2751.2. A2751.2. Texture of bark of plant.

A2751.2.1. A2751.2.1. Why aspen’s bark is rough. (See A2734.1.)

A2751.2.2. A2751.2.2. Why bark of red willow is thin. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 223.

A2751.2.3. A2751.2.3. Why tinsa tree has no bark at bottom of trunk. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2751.3. A2751.3. Markings on bark of plant.

A2751.3.1. A2751.3.1. Indentions in stem of reed. (See A2721.2.1, A2721.2.2, A2732.)--Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 90 No. 130b.

A2751.3.2. A2751.3.2. Crosses on certain trees. (See A2721.2.1.)

A2751.4. A2751.4. Color of bark of plant.

A2751.4.1. A2751.4.1. Why birch has white bark. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 94 No. 110; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 132f.

A2751.4.2. A2751.4.2. Why ebony tree is black. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2751.4.3. A2751.4.3. Why tamarind bark is black. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2751.4.4. A2751.4.4. Why bark of saja and tinsa is white. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2751.4.5. A2751.4.5. Why broom-corn is covered with blood-red spots. Korean: Zong in-Sob 10 No. 3.

A2751.4.6. A2751.4.6. Why kava plant is grey. Tonga: Gifford 72.

A2752. A2752. Thorns on plants. (See A2736).--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2752.1. A2752.1. Why bombax tree has thorns. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2755. A2755. Internal parts of plant.

A2755.1. A2755.1. Origin of red grain of cedar. (See A2731.3.)

A2755.2. A2755.2. Origin of blood-colored sap in trees. (See A2721.2.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2755.2.1. A2755.2.1. Why the saja tree has no sap. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2755.3. A2755.3. Origin of tar in heart of trees. (See A2734.2.)--Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 210.

A2755.3.1. A2755.3.1. Origin of amber in poplar trees. (Cf. A2731.2.)--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 82 n. 2.

A2755.3.2. A2755.3.2. Origin of gum in myrrh tree. (Cf. A2731.2.)--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 86 n. 2.

A2755.4. A2755.4. Origin of knots in wood. (See A2738.)--Irish myth: Cross.

A2755.4.1. A2755.4.1. Why there are knots on the saja tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2756. A2756. Why the bamboo has nodes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

A2757. A2757. Why certain reeds are hollow. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 36.

A2760. A2760. Leaves of plant.

A2760.1. A2760.1. Why all trees have leaves. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2761. A2761. Shape of leaves of plant.

A2761.1. A2761.1. Why oak-leaves are indented. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 132b.

A2761.2. A2761.2. Why vine-leaves are hand-shaped. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 132b.

A2761.3. A2761.3. Why plant-leaves are flat. (See A2741.3.)

A2762. A2762. Movement of leaves.

A2762.1. A2762.1. Why aspen-leaves tremble.--*Fb “asp” IV 18a; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3105, Legends Nos. 203--213.

A2762.2. A2762.2. Why poplar-leaves tremble. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 90 No. 131.

A2762.3. A2762.3. Why pipal leaves tremble. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2763. A2763. Why certain leaves have holes in them. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2764. A2764. Why certain leaves are hollow.

A2764.1. A2764.1. Why taro leaves are hollow. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 229.

A2765. A2765. Why leaves are evergreen. (See A2711.4.)

A2766. A2766. Why certain tree bleeds.

A2766.1. A2766.1. Why elder tree bleeds when cut. (A2721.2.1.4.)--England: Baughman.

A2767. A2767. Origin of tree‘s needles.

A2767.1. A2767.1. Origin of pine-needles. (See A2723.1.)

A2768. A2768. Why leaves hang head downward. Maori: Clark 96.

A2769. A2769. Leaves of plant--miscellaneous.

A2769.1. A2769.1. Why tamarind leaves are small. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2770. A2770. Other plant characteristics.

A2771. A2771. Budding and bearing of plant.

A2771.1. A2771.1. Why ash-tree buds last. (See A2725.1.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3222, Legends No. 324.

A2771.2. A2771.2. Why plantain bears but one stalk. (See A2722.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

A2771.3. A2771.3. Why sago bears fruit from the stem. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2771.4. A2771.4. Why banana bears fruit from crown of tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2771.4.1. A2771.4.1. Why rice has ears only at top. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 130 No. 86.

A2771.5. A2771.5. Trees bear first buds to commemorate reign of primitive hero. Irish myth: Cross.

A2771.6. A2771.6. Why certain willow tree bears fruit when fruit trees bear. Irish myth: Cross.

A2771.7. A2771.7. Why sorrel grows on certain rock every winter. Irish myth: Cross.

A2771.8. A2771.8. Why tree has bitter fruit.

A2771.8.1. A2771.8.1. Why olive is bitter. Jewish: Neuman.

A2771.8.2. A2771.8.2. Why laurel tree is bitter. Jewish: Neuman.

A2771.9. A2771.9. Why big trees have small fruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2771.10. A2771.10. Why willow flowers do not bear fruit. Chinese: Graham.

A2772. A2772. Color of plants.

A2772.1. A2772.1. Origin of rose‘s color. Sйbillot RTP II 549.

A2772.2. A2772.2. Why end of rush is black. (See A2721.1.)

A2772.3. A2772.3. Why the heartsease (polygonum persicaria) has red stripes. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 90 No. 129a.

A2772.4. A2772.4. Why ebony tree has black wood and smoke-colored leaves. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2774. A2774. Why trees remain fixed. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2774.1. A2774.1. Why ayikha-bush is firmly rooted. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2775. A2775. Why certain trees are dwarfed. (See A2721.2.1.)

A2775.0.1. A2775.0.1. Why plants no longer reach sky. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 134 No. 90.

A2776. A2776. Why certain plants are cursed.

A2776.1. A2776.1. Why birch is cursed. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 132d.

A2776.2. A2776.2. Why weeping-willow is cursed. Flemish: DeMeyer XXXVII 91 No. 132d.

A2777. A2777. Why certain plants (trees) are blessed.

A2777.1. A2777.1. Why fig tree is chief priest of the trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2777.2. A2777.2. King of trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2778. A2778. Why certain tree is tall.

A2778.1. A2778.1. Why coconut tree is tall. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 98.

A2778.2. A2778.2. Why palm is tall. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2781. A2781. Origin of plant names. Jewish: Neuman.

A2782. A2782. Origin of combustible property of wood. Tonga: Gifford 23.

A2783. A2783. Medicinal properties of trees. Jewish: Neuman.

A2785. A2785. Origin of shape of particular tree.

A2785.1. A2785.1. Origin of shape of wiliwili tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 495.

A2788. A2788. Why certain tree is hardy.

A2791. A2791. Sundry characteristics of trees.

A2791.1. A2791.1. Why trees do not talk. All ask to be spared when man begins cutting them. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 151 No. 75; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 94 No. 107; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3215, Legends No. 302f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.2. A2791.2. Why lightning spares the nut-tree. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 132e.

A2791.3. A2791.3. How banyan got its milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.4. A2791.4. Why no one can find flower of wild fig. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.5. A2791.5. Why tamarind fruit is sour. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.7. A2791.7. Why some trees have no fruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.8. A2791.8. Why sap comes from top of palm. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.9. A2791.9. Why fruit of sago palm looks like an eye. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.10. A2791.10. Why sago palm gives abundant sap. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.11. A2791.11. Why fruit of date palm looks like breasts of old woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.12. A2791.12. Why the bija tree is often struck by lightning. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2791.13. A2791.13. Why the roots of the banyan hang down. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2792. A2792. Sundry characteristics of shrubs.

A2792.1. A2792.1. Why bush holds on to passer-by. (See A2275.5.3, A2741.4.)

A2793. A2793. Sundry characteristics of grains and vegetables.

A2793.1. A2793.1. Why bean has black stripe. (See A2741.1.)

A2793.1.1. A2793.1.1. Why beans bear everywhere. Chinese: Graham.

A2793.2. A2793.2. Why grain of wheat is divided. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII. 90 No. 126b.

A2793.2.1. A2793.2.1. Why wheat must be planted in one year and harvested in the next. Chinese: Graham.

A2793.3. A2793.3. Why some yams are good, some bad. (See A2741.2.)

A2793.4. A2793.4. Why potatoes are hard. (See A2721.3.2.)

A2793.5. A2793.5. Why grain grows only at top of stalk (punishment for men’s sinfulness). Grimm No. 194; BP III 417ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3220, Legends Nos. 305--313; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

A2793.5.1. A2793.5.1. Why corn does not yield in the middle. Chinese: Graham.

A2793.6. A2793.6. Origin of shapes of grain. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3221, Legends Nos. 315--322.

A2793.7. A2793.7. Why rice is so abundant. Chinese: Graham.

A2793.8. A2793.8. Why millet is red on top. Chinese: Graham.

A2793.9. A2793.9. Why buckwheat produces twice a year. Chinese: Graham.

A2794. A2794. Sundry characteristics of vegetables.

A2794.1. A2794.1. Why mushrooms are slimy. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2794.2. A2794.2. Why yams are small but plentiful in certain place. New Hebrides: Codrington No. II 3.

A2795. A2795. Sundry characteristics of flowers.

A2795.1. A2795.1. Why some flowers have no scent. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2800--A2899.

A2800--A2899. Miscellaneous explanations.

A2800--A2849.

A2800--A2849. MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATIONS: ORIGINS

A2811. A2811. Origin of silk. Chauvin VII 59 No. 77 n. 1.

A2812. A2812. Origin of musk. Chauvin VII 59 No. 77 n. 1.

A2813. A2813. Origin of honey. Chauvin VII 59 No. 77 n. 1.; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Icel.: Boberg.

A2814. A2814. Origin of spices. Chauvin VII 59 No. 77 n. 1.

A2815. A2815. Origin of floating webs in summer. *Dh II 254.

A2816. A2816. Origin of smoke. Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 152 No. 81.

A2817. A2817. Origin of the will-o‘-the-wisp (jack-o’-lantern). Type 330.--Africa (Fang): Trilles 138.

A2817.1. A2817.1. Smith outwits devil, is admitted to neither heaven nor hell. The devil gives him a light to find his way back in the dark; he is known as the will-o’-the-wisp or jack-o‘-lantern. England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

A2817.2. A2817.2. Will-o’-the-wisp is girl cursed by her mother for gathering plants for dyestuffs on Sunday. Will-o‘-the-wisp is seen where girl disappeared. Scotland: Baughman.

A2823. A2823. Origin of churning stick. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2824. A2824. Origin of drum. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2825. A2825. Origin of canes: from whip thrust into ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2826. A2826. Origin of shells. Eskimo (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 114.

A2827. A2827. Origin of pearls. Jewish: Neuman.

A2828. A2828. Origin of particular kinds of basket. Tonga: Gifford 140.

A2831. A2831. Origin of demons. Jewish: Neuman.

A2834. A2834. Origin of fish drug. S. Am. Indian: Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 253.

A2847. A2847. Origin of scum on stagnant water. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2849. A2849. Miscellaneous origins.

A2849.1. A2849.1. Miscellaneous Jewish origins. Jewish: **Neuman.

A2850--A2899.

A2850--A2899. MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATIONS: CHARACTERISTICS

A2851. A2851. The four characteristics of wine. Devil helps Noah plant vineyard and kills various animals over it. These illustrate the four qualities of wine. peacock: brilliant colors; ape: jokes; lion: boldness; hog: drunkenness.--*Dh I 298ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 244; *Kцhler-Bolte I 577; Basset III 31; *Krappe Bull. Hispanique XXXIX 48; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3242; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

A2853. A2853. Why sexes differ in form and temperament. Jewish: Neuman.

A2854. A2854. Why men like tobacco, but spit when smoking. Adam in paradise spat upon the tobacco plant. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3242, Legends No. 338f.

A2855. A2855. Trees classified as “pleasant trees, herb trees, shrub trees.” Irish myth: Cross.

A2861. A2861. Why men become old. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2862. A2862. Why spirits are invisible. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2871. A2871. Why soil in certain country is poor. India: Thompson-Balys.

A2872. A2872. Why coral is soft. Africa (Tonga): Gifford 136.

A2875. A2875. Why babies have soft spots in head. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 507.

A2877. A2877. Why palm oil is red. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Animals

B. ANIMALS

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

B0--B99. Mythical animals

B10. Mythical beasts and hybrids

B20. Beast-men

B30. Mythical birds

B40. Bird-beasts

B50. Bird-men

B60. Mythical fish

B70. Fish-beasts

B80. Fish-men

B90. Other mythical animals

B100--B199. Magic animals

B100--B119. Treasure animals

B100. Treasure animals--general

B110. Treasure-producing parts of animals

B120--B169. Animals with magic wisdom

B120. Wise animals

B130. Truth-telling animals

B140. Prophetic animals

B150. Oracular animals

B160. Wisdom-giving animals

B170--B189. Other magic animals

B170. Magic birds, fish, reptiles, etc.

B180. Magic quadrupeds

B190. Magic animals: miscellaneous motifs

B200--B299. Animals with human traits

B210. Speaking animals

B220. Animal kingdom (community)

B230. Parliament of animals

B240. King of animals

B250. Religious animals

B260. Animal warfare

B270. Animals in legal relations

B280. Animal weddings

B290. Other animals with human traits

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Friendly Animals

B300--B599. FRIENDLY ANIMALS

B300--B349. Helpful animals--general

B310. Acquisition of helpful animal

B320. Reward of helpful animal

B330. Death of helpful animal

B340. Treatment of helpful animal--miscellaneous

B350--B399. Grateful animals

B360. Animals grateful for rescue from peril of death

B370. Animals grateful to captor for release

B380. Animals grateful for relief from pain

B390. Animals grateful for other kind acts

B400--B499. Kinds of helpful animals

B400--B449. Helpful beasts

B400. Helpful domestic beasts

B430. Helpful wild beasts

B450. Helpful birds

B470. Helpful fish

B480. Helpful insects

B490. Other helpful animals

B500--B599. Services of helpful animals

B500. Magic power from animal

B510. Healing by animal

B520. Animals save person’s life

B530. Animals nourish men

B540. Animal rescuer or retriever

B550. Animals carry men

B560. Animals advise men

B570. Animals serve men

B580. Animals help men to wealth and greatness

B590. Miscellaneous services of helpful animals

B600--B699. Marriage of person to animal

B610. Animal paramour

B620. Animal suitor

B630. Offspring of marriage to animal

B640. Marriage to person in animal form

B650. Marriage to animal in human form

B700--B799. Fanciful traits of animals

B710. Fanciful origin of animals

B720--B749. Fanciful physical qualities of animals

B720. Fanciful bodily members of animals

B730. Fanciful color, smell, etc. of animals

B740. Fanciful marvelous strength of animals

B750. Fanciful habits of animals

B770. Other fanciful traits of animals

B800--B899. Miscellaneous animal motifs

B870. Giant animals

B.

B. ANIMALS

B0--B99.

B0--B99. Mythical animals.

B0. B0. Mythical animals.

Lum (Peter) Fabulous Beasts (New York, 1951).--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B1. B1. Animal elders. Mythical ancestors of the present animals.--Irish myth: Cross.--N. A. Indian: *Alexander N. Am. 292 No. 40, ibid. 69 (Cherokee), 81 (Pawnee), 156 (Navaho).

B1.1. B1.1. Angels of animals. Each kind of animal has its angel in heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

B2. B2. Animal totems. Irish myth: Cross.

B2.1. B2.1. Dog as totem animal. Irish myth: Cross.

B5. B5. Fantastic beasts, birds, etc., in art. Irish myth: Cross.

B7. B7. Animals in the heavens.

B7.1. B7.1. Animals rule celestial spheres. Jewish: Neuman.

B7.2. B7.2. Mythical animals surround God‘s throne. Jewish: Neuman.

B7.3. B7.3. Mythical bird running before the sun bears inscription of golden letters. Jewish: Neuman.

B10. B10. Mythical beasts and hybrids.

B11. B11. Dragon. **Smith Dragon; *Fb Drager, lindorme, slanger i folkets tro (Sжrtryk af Naturen og Mennesket, 1894, pp. 164--196); *Nyrop Dania II 341ff.; *Rуheim Drachen und Drachenkдmpfer; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 364 ff.; Meyer Germanische Mythologie (1891) 95ff.; **Du Bose The Dragon, Image and Demon (London, 1886); Norlind Skattsдgner 44f., 77f., Solheim Register 17; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 133ff., 176ff., (1928) 119ff.--*Type 300; *BP I 547.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 216; Celtic: *Henderson Celtic Dragon Myth (Edinburgh, 1911), *Cross; Lettish: Auning Ueber den lettischen Drachenmythus; Armenian: Ananikian 76ff; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Ferguson 101; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 169, No. 73.

B11.1. B11.1. Origin of dragon.

B11.1.1. B11.1.1. Dragon from cock’s egg. (Cf. B12.1.)--*Fb “drage”; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 600--603.

B11.1.2. B11.1.2. Dragon from transformed horse. White horse plunges into water and is changed into a dragon. Chinese: Werner 368.

B11.1.3. B11.1.3. Dragon from transformed man lying on his treasures (Fбfnir). (Cf. B11.6.2.)--Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 367; Eisen Esthnische Mythologie 74ff.; Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.1.3.0.1. B11.1.3.0.1. Transformed princess as dragon. Irish myth: Cross; German: Grimm No. 88.

B11.1.3.1. B11.1.3.1. Dragon from worm. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.1.3.1.1. B11.1.3.1.1. Dragon develops from small worm placed on gold. It grows together with the gold. De Vries Studien over Faerosche Balladen 122ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 384f.; Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.1.4. B11.1.4. Devil in form of dragon. German: Grimm No. 125.

B11.2. B11.2. Form of dragon. *Smith Dragon, passim.; Chinese: Werner 208ff.

B11.2.0.1. B11.2.0.1. She-dragon. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.2.1. B11.2.1. Dragon as compound animal. (cf. B14.)--Smith Dragon 81 (serpent or crocodile, with scales of a fish for covering, and feet and wings and sometimes also the head, of an eagle, falcon, or hawk, and the forelimbs and sometimes the head of a lion).--Chinese: Werner 208 (ears of an ox, feet of a tiger, claws of an eagle, horns of a deer, head of a camel, eyes of a devil, neck of a snake, abdomen of a cock, scales of a carp); Egyptian: Smith op. cit. 79 (lioness, falcon, human being).

B11.2.1.1. B11.2.1.1. Dragon as modified serpent. Smith Dragon 92, 101f., 107ff. (American Indian, Japanese, East Indian).--Icel.: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 65.

B11.2.1.2. B11.2.1.2. Dragon as modified lizard. Smith Dragon 109.

B11.2.1.3. B11.2.1.3. Dragon as modified fish. Smith Dragon 108f.; Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 65.

B11.2.1.4. B11.2.1.4. Dragon as modified shell-fish. Smith Dragon 165ff.

B11.2.1.5. B11.2.1.5. Dragon as modified toad. Smith Dragon 109.

B11.2.1.6. B11.2.1.6. Dragon as modified elephant. Smith Dragon 109.

B11.2.1.7. B11.2.1.7. Dragon as modified horse. Smith Dragon 97f. Japanese: Ikeda.

B11.2.1.9. B11.2.1.9. Dragon as modified ram. Smith Dragon 134 (Egyptian, Soudanese, West African, Hindu, Chinese, Japanese, American Indian). The evidence of this identification is merely the spiral horn.

B11.2.1.10. B11.2.1.10. Dragon as modified deer. Smith Dragon 131.

B11.2.1.11. B11.2.1.11. Dragon as modified eagle. Smith Dragon 92f., 108.

B11.2.1.12. B11.2.1.12. Dragon as other modified animal. Smith Dragon 108 (falcon), 165ff. (octopus, whale).

B11.2.2. B11.2.2. Color of dragon. Smith Dragon 108 (blue), 137 (red).--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “dragons” (regiment of green dragons).--Icel.: Bуsa saga 62 (golden).

B11.2.2.1. B11.2.2.1. Dragon with golden feathers. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.2.3. B11.2.3. Many-headed dragon. (Cf. B15.1.2.)--Danish: Fb “hoved” 65b; Jones PMLA XXIII 569.--Greek: Fox 87 (hundred); Persian: Carnoy 265 (three); Japanese: Anesaki 228 (eight), 333 (nine).

B11.2.3.1. B11.2.3.1. Seven-headed dragon. *Type 300; Smith Dragon 211f.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bкte”. Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 42 No. 302*A: Gaster Thespis 80f, 186.--India: Thompson-Balys; Araucanian: Alexander Lat. Am. 327.

B11.2.3.2. B11.2.3.2. Three-headed dragon. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Africa (Fulah): Frobenius Atlantis VI 182ff. No. 4.

B11.2.3.3. B11.2.3.3. Six-headed dragon. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B11.2.3.4. B11.2.3.4. Nine-headed dragon. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B11.2.3.5. B11.2.3.5. Twelve-headed dragon. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B11.2.3.6. B11.2.3.6. Two-headed dragon. England: Baughman.

B11.2.4. B11.2.4. Feet of dragon.

B11.2.4.1. B11.2.4.1. Feet of dragon--number. Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Smith Dragon 101f.; Chinese: Werner 368.

B11.2.4.2. B11.2.4.2. Feet of dragon--nature. Cloven hoofs: Smith Dragon 137.--Claws: Chinese: Werner 368.

B11.2.5. B11.2.5. Horns of dragon. Smith Dragon 137.--Chinese: Werner 368, Eberhard FFC CXX 73, 85.

B11.2.6. B11.2.6. Wings of dragon. Smith Dragon 137.--Chinese: Werner 368.

B11.2.7. B11.2.7. Snakes issue from dragon‘s shoulders. Persian: Carnoy 320.

B11.2.8. B11.2.8. Tail of dragon. Smith Dragon 137; Fb “drage” (if one throws fire over dragon’s long tail, the tail falls and is full of treasure).

B11.2.8.1. B11.2.8.1. Dragon encircles city with its tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

B11.2.9. B11.2.9. Heart of dragon. Fb “hjжrte” 631b.

B11.2.10. B11.2.10. Scales of dragon. Chinese: Werner 368.

B11.2.11. B11.2.11. Fire-breathing dragon. *Type 300; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 391; Fb. “drage”, “gloende” (glowing eyes and tongue), “ild” (fire from mouth). Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.2.11.1. B11.2.11.1. Dragon spews venom. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.2.11.2. B11.2.11.2. Breath of dragon kills man. Scotland, England: *Baughman Chinese: Werner 236.--N. A. Indian (Iroquois): BBAE XXX pt. 2, 720 s.v. “Teharonhiawagon”.

B11.2.12. B11.2.12. Dragon of enormous size. Jewish: Bin Gorion Born Judas II 170, 349, Neuman; Irish myth: Cross; African (Fang): Einstein 47.

B11.2.13. B11.2.13. Blood of dragon. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.2.13.1. B11.2.13.1. Blood of dragon venomous. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.2.14. B11.2.14. Dragon with jewel in head. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.3. B11.3. Habitat of dragon.

B11.3.1. B11.3.1. Dragon’s home in bottom of sea. Smith Dragon 82.--Chinese: Werner 210 (only in autumn and winter); Icel.: Boberg.

B11.3.1.1. B11.3.1.1. Dragon lives in lake. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.3.1.2. B11.3.1.2. Dragon‘s home beneath waterfall. (Cf. F426.) Icel.: Boberg.

B11.3.2. B11.3.2. Dragon’s home at top of mountain. His breath forms clouds to hide the mountain.--Smith Dragon 82.--Scotland: Baughman.

B11.3.3. B11.3.3. Dragon‘s visit to sky. Chinese: Werner 210 (only in spring and summer). (Cf. B11.4.1.)

B11.3.4. B11.3.4. Dragons live beneath castle. Mediaeval Romance: Wells Manual of Writings 39 (Nennius’s Historia Britonum) 42f. (Arthour and Merlin).

B11.3.5. B11.3.5. Dragon lives under the ground. By his movements a building or village will be dislodged. (Cf. A1070.)--Zingerle Zs. f. deutsche Mythologie und Sittengeschichte II 347; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 890.--Irish myth: Cross.

B11.3.6. B11.3.6. Dragons live in hell. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 352.

B11.3.7. B11.3.7. Dragon lives beneath tree. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 179ff., (1928) 122ff.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319.

B11.3.8. B11.3.8. Dragon lives in isolated island. German: Grimm No. 129.

B11.4. B11.4. Dragon‘s habits.

B11.4.1. B11.4.1. Flying dragon. (cf. B11.2.1.11.)--BP III 423; *Fb “drage” (flies over the mountain).--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 345; *Boberg; Greek myth: *Frazer Apollodorus I 38 n. 2 (air-going chariot and dragons); Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B11.4.2. B11.4.2. Dragon as giver of omens. Smith Dragon 97.

B11.4.3. B11.4.3. Sleepless dragon. Greek Myth (Jason): *Frazer Apollodorus I 95 n. 2.

B11.4.4. B11.4.4. Dragon travels on sea or land. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.4.5. B11.4.5. Talking dragon. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.5. B11.5. Powers of dragon.

B11.5.1. B11.5.1. Dragon’s power of self-transformation. Chinese: Werner 223.

B11.5.2. B11.5.2. Dragon‘s power of magic invisibility. Chinese: Werner 209.

B11.5.3. B11.5.3. Dragon’s miraculous vision. Can see a fly miles away.--Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 97 No. 18.

B11.5.4. B11.5.4. Dragon‘s miraculous speed. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 97 No. 18.

B11.5.5. B11.5.5. Self-returning dragon’s head. (cf. B11.2.3, B11.11.2.)--*Type 300; BP I 547; Eng.: Baughman; Greek: Fox 81 (hydra).--Onondaga: Beauchamp JAFL II 261.

B11.6. B11.6. Deeds of dragons.

B11.6.1. B11.6.1. Dragon helps hero out of gratitude. Dickson Valentine and Orson 121 n. 64.

B11.6.1.2. B11.6.1.2. Grateful dragon saves hero and rescues him from prison. Chinese: Eberhard 180.

B11.6.2. B11.6.2. Dragon guards treasure. *Norlind Skattsдgner 77f.; Gould Scandinavian Studies and Notes IX (1917) 170 No. 4; Penzer III 133; Smith Dragon 157--165; Finnish-Swedish; Wessman 76, 78 Nos. 632, 657; Icel.: Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 133ff., (1928) 119ff., III (1895) 454ff., (1931) 311ff.; Greek: *Grote I 219; U.S.: Baughman; Wienert FFC LVI 37; Phaedrus IV 21; Chinese: Werner 209.

B11.6.2.1. B11.6.2.1. Dragon must give up treasure when steel is thrown on him. Fb “stеl”. III 647a; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 76 No. 632.

B11.6.2.2. B11.6.2.2. Serpents play with precious green stone. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.6.2.3. B11.6.2.3. Dragon‘s pearl stolen. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 233 No. 181.

B11.6.3. B11.6.3. Dragon feeds on treasure. Oberwallis: Jegerlehner 321 No. 75; Chinese: Werner 210.

B11.6.4. B11.6.4. Dragon guards holy land. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.6.5. B11.6.5. Dragon guards hermit’s food, frightens off robbers. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B11.6.6. B11.6.6. Dragon guards bridge to otherworld. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.6.7. B11.6.7. Dragon eats an ox at every meal. Icel.: Boberg.

B11.6.8. B11.6.8. Dragon flies to its nest with human being. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.6.8.1. B11.6.8.1. Dragon flies away with lion. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.6.9. B11.6.9. Dragon gnaws the roots of tree. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 332.

B11.6.10. B11.6.10. Sandalwood tree is guarded by dragon with venomous breath. India: Thompson-Balys.

B11.7. B11.7. Dragon as rain-spirit. Smith Dragon 1, 78, 82, 90.--Chinese: Werner 208.

B11.7.1. B11.7.1. Dragon controls water-supply. Hindu: Keith, Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

B11.7.1.1. B11.7.1.1. Dragon causes deluge. China: Eberhard FFC CXX 233 No. 181.

B11.7.2. B11.7.2. Dragon guards lake. Penzer VII 235 N. 2; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B11.8. B11.8. Dragon as power of good. Smith Dragon 82, 97.--Chinese: Werner 208ff., Graham. Icel.: Boberg.

B11.9. B11.9. Dragon as power of evil. So considered everywhere except in the East, where are also found beneficent dragons.--Smith Dragon 82.--Irish myth; Chinese: Werner 208 (introduced by the Buddhists).

B11.10. B11.10. Sacrifice of human being to dragon. *Type 300; Penzer VII 236, 240; Dickson Valentine and Orson 226f.; Gaster Thespis 176; Hartland Legend of Perseus passim; Fb “drage”, “pige”.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 34; Persian: Carnoy 320; India: *Thompson-Balys; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “exposition”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXXIX 17; Missouri French: Carriиre; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 41; Japanese: Anesaki 249.

B11.10.0.1. B11.10.0.1. Sacrifice of animals to dragon. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.10.1. B11.10.1. Dragon keeps maiden tied with golden chain. Kцhler-Bolte I 128.

B11.10.2. B11.10.2. Dragon eats people for his rent. Chinese: Graham.

B11.10.3. B11.10.3. Dragon devours children. India: Thompson-Balys; Eng., U.S.: Baughman.

B11.11. B11.11. Fight with dragon. *Type 300; *BP I 547; *Smith Dragon 79ff., 104; *Rуheim Drachen und Drachenkдmpfer; *Norlind Skattsдgner 67f., *Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 70; **von Sydow Sigurds Strid med Fеvne; *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt I 204 nn. 1, 2; Clouston Pop. Tales and Fictions I 155ff.; *Spence 80; *E. Siecke Drachenkдmpfe; Fb “Jцrgen” II 67a (St. George and the Dragon).--Germanic: Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 371; Heusler Altnordische Dichtung und Prosa von Jung Sigurd (Sitzungsberichte der Berliner Akad. v. Wissenschaften, 1919, 162--195); **H. Sandkьhler Der Drachenkampf des heiligen Georg in englischer Legende u. Dichtung vom 14. bis 16. Jahrhundert (Diss. Mьnchen 1914); *Loomis White Magic 65, 119; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus 27 no. 4 (Apollo and Python), I 153 n. 1 (Bellerophon and Chimera); Celtic: MacCulloch Celtic 130ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman, Gaster Thespis 140 ff., 326ff.; Egyptian: Mьller 127; Persian: Carnoy 266, 270, 273, 322, *325, 329f.; Hindu: Keith 33 (Indra); India: *Thompson-Balys; Armenian: Ananikian 77; Japanese: Anesaki 228; Chinese: Werner 224, 361, Eberhard FFC CXX 105, 138; Arabian: Burton I 172.--English: Wells Manual of Writings 16 (Guy of Warwick), 115 (Sir Eglamour), 117 (Torrent of Portyngale); Missouri French: Carriиre; Africa (Fang): Einstein 44, 47.--Cf. *Olrik Ragnarцk 57ff. (fight with giant serpent).

B11.11.1. B11.11.1. Dragon fight: respite granted and dragon returns with renewed strength. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXXIX 21; Missouri French: Carriиre.

B11.11.2. B11.11.2. Hero’s dogs (horse) prevent dragon‘s heads from rejoining body. (Cf. B11.2.3.)--*Type 300; *BP I 547.

B11.11.3. B11.11.3. Dragon combats attack with showers of fiery spines. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.11.4. B11.11.4. Dragon fight in order to free princess. Icel.: *Boberg. (See also R111.1. and most of the references to B11.11.).

B11.11.5. B11.11.5. Dragon fight in order to free man. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.11.6. B11.11.6. Dragon fight in order to free lion. Icel.: *Boberg.

B11.11.7. B11.11.7. Woman as dragon-slayer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B11.11.8. B11.11.8. Dragon doubles his demand after men‘s rebellion. Africa (Fang): Einstein 42.

B11.12. B11.12. Other traits of dragon.

B11.12.1. B11.12.1. Dragon cannot be killed with weapons. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 171 No. 136; Irish myth: Cross; Eng.: Baughman; Gaster Oldest Stories 69.

B11.12.1.1. B11.12.1.1. Dragon which cannot be killed with weapons is kicked in vulnerable spot. England: Baughman.

B11.12.1.2. B11.12.1.2. Dragon dips wounded part in holy well, is healed immediately. England: Baughman.

B11.12.2. B11.12.2. Dragon’s shriek makes land barren. Irish myth: Cross; MacCulloch Celtic 130.

B11.12.3. B11.12.3. Fiery dragon. Irish myth: Cross.

B11.12.4. B11.12.4. Dragon is fond of milk.

B11.12.4.1. B11.12.4.1. Dragon is fed great quantities of milk to keep him pacified. England: *Baughman.

B11.12.5. B11.12.5. The dragon-king. Chinese: Eberhard 25 No. 13,65, 87 No. 7,158, 245 No. 190.

B11.12.6. B11.12.6. Dragon can hear a child cry even at great distance. India: Thompson-Balys.

B11.12.7. B11.12.7. Human-dragon marriage. Chinese: Eberhard 49, 64f., 103, 135, No. 92.

B12. B12. Basilisk. A mythical lizard or serpent whose hissing drives away all other serpents.--*Polнvka Zs. f. Vksk. XXVII 46ff.; *Fb “basilisk”; *A Guichot y Sierra El Basilisco (Folklore Espaсol III 9--83); *Norlind Skattsдgner 46 n. 1; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Basilisk”; Kцhler-Bolte I 133.--English: Wells Manual of Writings 105 (Prose Alexander); Jewish: Neuman.

B12.1. B12.1. Basilisk hatched from cock’s egg. Usually, a seven-year-old cock. Egg must lie in manure. (Cf. B11.1.1.)--*Polнvka Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 46ff.; *Fb. “basilisk” I 53a, IV 29a; De Vries Het Sprookje 19--97; Taylor PMLA XXXVI 35ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Basilisk”.

B12.2. B12.2. Basilisk‘s fatal glance. Renders powerless or kills.--*Fb “basilisk” I 53a, IV 29a, “шje” III 1167b; Penzer VIII 75 n.l.

B12.3. B12.3. Basilisk killed by seeing own image. *Fb “basilisk” I 53a, “spejl” III 48a; Ward Catalogue of Romances III 194; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 139; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 935.

B13. B13. Unicorn. (cf. B15.7.2.)--*Type 1640; *BP I 164; **Odell Shepard The Lore of the Unicorn (London, 1929); **Robert Brown Jr. The Unicorn, a Mythological Investigation (London, 1881); Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 232f.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Einhorn”; Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 212; Icel.: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Ferguson 98.

B14. B14. Other hybrid animals.

B14.1. B14.1. Chimera. Combination of lion, dragon, and goat. Breathes fire.--*Frazer Apollodorus I 151 n. 2, 153 n. 1; Fox 39.--Egyptian: Mьller 169.

B14.2. B14.2. Animal with body of horse, legs of hound. Irish myth: Cross.

B14.3. B14.3. Hybrid monster: calf-sheep. S. A. Indian (Araucanмan): Cooper BBAE CXLIII II 753.

B15. B15. Animals with unusual limbs or members.

B15.1. B15.1. Animal unusual as to his head.

B15.1.1. B15.1.1. Headless animals. *Fb “hovedlшs” IV 223a.

B15.1.1.1. B15.1.1.1. Headless dog. North Carolina: Brown Coll. I 636.

B15.1.2. B15.1.2. Many-headed animal. (Cf. B15.7.2.)--Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 357 n. 287f.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 93 No. 5.

B15.1.2.1. B15.1.2.1. Two-headed animal. U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: Neuman.

B15.1.2.1.1. B15.1.2.1.1. Two-headed serpent. One head in front and one at rear.--Penzer V 135 n. 2.

B15.1.2.1.2. B15.1.2.1.2. Two-headed tiger. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 142--158 passim.

B15.1.2.1.3. B15.1.2.1.3. Jaguar with two heads. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 155.

B15.1.2.1.4. B15.1.2.1.4. Two-headed dog. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 211 n. 3 (Orthus).

B15.1.2.2. B15.1.2.2. Three-headed animal.

B15.1.2.2.1. B15.1.2.2.1. Three-headed bird. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.1.2.2.2. B15.1.2.2.2. Three-headed serpent. Persian: Carnoy 311; Hindu: Keith 36, 154.

B15.1.2.3. B15.1.2.3. Four-headed animal.

B15.1.2.3.1. B15.1.2.3.1. Four-headed monster. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.1.2.4. B15.1.2.4. Five-headed animal.

B15.1.2.5. B15.1.2.5. Six-headed animal.

B15.1.2.6. B15.1.2.6. Seven-headed animal.

B15.1.2.6.1. B15.1.2.6.1. Seven-headed serpent. Gaster Thespis 80f.; Hindu: Keith 154; Zanzibar: Bateman 134.

B15.1.2.7. B15.1.2.7. Eight-headed animal.

B15.1.2.8. B15.1.2.8. Nine-headed animal.

B15.1.2.8.1. B15.1.2.8.1. Hydra: nine-headed monster. Middle head immortal.--*Frazer Apollodorus I 187 n. 3.

B15.1.2.8.2. B15.1.2.8.2. Nine-headed serpent. Fb. “hugormekonge”.

B15.1.2.9. B15.1.2.9. Ten-headed serpent. Hindu: Keith 154.

B15.1.2.10. B15.1.2.10. Other many-headed animals.

B15.1.2.10.1. B15.1.2.10.1. Twelve-headed serpent. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges. India: Thompson-Balys.

B15.1.2.10.2. B15.1.2.10.2. Hundred-headed serpent (monster). Irish myth: Cross.

B15.1.2.10.3. B15.1.2.10.3. Thousand-headed serpent. Hindu: Penzer VI 61 n. 1, VI 176.

B15.1.3. B15.1.3. Animal with head of bone. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.2. B15.2. Many-mouthed animal. (cf. B15.7.2.).

B15.2.1. B15.2.1. Six-mouthed serpent. Persian: Keith Ind. Myth. 36.

B15.3. B15.3. Animal unusual as to his horns.

B15.3.0.1. B15.3.0.1. Hornless cow. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.3.0.1.1. B15.3.0.1.1. Hornless bull. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.3.0.2. B15.3.0.2. One-horned ox. Jewish: Neuman.

B15.3.1. B15.3.1. Many-horned animal.

B15.3.1.1. B15.3.1.1. Three-horned deer. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 129, Cross.

B15.3.1.2. B15.3.1.2. Nine-horned sheep. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.3.1.3. B15.3.1.3. Ox with three horns. Icel.: *Boberg.

B15.3.1.3.1. B15.3.1.3.1. Ox with four horns. Icel.: *Boberg.

B15.3.2. B15.3.2. Animal with a gold (silver) horn.

B15.3.2.1. B15.3.2.1. Deer with a gold and a silver horn. *Fb “hjort” I 625 a.

B15.3.2.2. B15.3.2.2. Goat with a gold and a silver horn. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B15.3.2.3. B15.3.2.3. Ox with golden horns. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

B15.3.2.3.1. B15.3.2.3.1. Cow with silver horns. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B15.3.3. B15.3.3. Deer with giant antler. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.3.4. B15.3.4. Animal usually harmless has horns.

B15.3.4.1. B15.3.4.1. Hare with horns. India: Thompson-Balys.

B15.3.4.2. B15.3.4.2. Horned armadillo lives underground. S. A Indian (Chaco): Belaieff BBAE CXLIII (1) 379.

B15.3.5. B15.3.5. Animal with horn on his head pointing to the sky. Chinese: Graham.

B15.4. B15.4. Animals with unusual eyes. (Cf. B15.7.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

B15.4.1. B15.4.1. Many-eyed animal.

B15.4.1.1. B15.4.1.1. Many-eyed antelope. Southern Ute: Lowie JAFL XXXVII 49 No. 24.

B15.4.1.2. B15.4.1.2. Four-eyed tiger. S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144.

B15.4.1.3. B15.4.1.3. Four-eyed jaguar. S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

B15.4.1.4. B15.4.1.4. Eight-eyed bat. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 233.

B15.4.2. B15.4.2. Beasts with fiery eyes.

B15.4.2.1. B15.4.2.1. Dog with fire in eyes. (Cf. B19.4.)--Fb “ild”.--Gaster Thespis 214.

B15.4.3. B15.4.3. Dogs with eyes like plates, tea-cups, etc. Fb. “шje” 1165b.

B15.4.4. B15.4.4. Animal with human eyes (transformed man). Icel.: *Boberg.

B15.4.5. B15.4.5. One-eyed pig. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.5. B15.5. Animal unusual as to his nose (snout).

B15.5.1. B15.5.1. Horse with fire-breathing nostrils. (Cf. B19.1.)--Fb “ild” II 12a; Icel.: *Boberg.

B15.5.2. B15.5.2. Animal with snout of iron. Irish myth: Cross. (Cf. B15.7.13.1.)

B15.6. B15.6. Animals with unusual legs or feet. (Cf. B19.1.)

B15.6.0.1. B15.6.0.1. One-footed animal. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.6.1. B15.6.1. Three-legged quadrupeds. Fb. “trebenet”; Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol 590; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 20; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 420. Mannhardt Germanische Mythen 409; Wehrhan Freimauerei 53 (hare).--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 152.

B15.6.2. B15.6.2. Empousa. Monster with one foot of brass and another of an ass.--Greek: Fox 278.

B15.6.3. B15.6.3. Animals with many legs. Ipolyi Zs. f. deutsche Mythologie II 269.--Hindu: Penzer III 259 n. 1 (sarabhas); Irish myth: Cross.

B15.6.3.1. B15.6.3.1. Six-legged quadruped.

B15.6.3.1.1. B15.6.3.1.1. Six-legged horse. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B15.6.3.2. B15.6.3.2. Twelve-legged bird. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.6.3.3. B15.6.3.3. Seven-legged beast. India: Thompson-Balys.

B15.6.4. B15.6.4. Bull with human hands and feet. India: Thompson-Balys.

B15.7. B15.7. Other animals with unusual limbs or members. (Cf. B20, B142, B92.) Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.1. B15.7.1. Cerberus. The hell hound with three heads, a serpent‘s tail, and a writhing tangle of snakes from his body. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 88, 142.

B15.7.2. B15.7.2. Monster three-legged ass. Stands in the ocean. Has three feet, six eyes, nine mouths, two ears, one horn, a white body. Two eyes are in eye position, two on top of his head, two on his hump. He renders powerless by the sharpness of his eyes. He has three mouths in his head, three in his hump, and three in the inner parts of his flanks. Each mouth is the size of a cottage. (Cf. B13, B15.1, B15.2, B15.4.)--Persian: Carnoy 270.

B15.7.3. B15.7.3. Bird with head of gold and wings of silver. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.4. B15.7.4. Fox with eight-forked tail. Japanese: Anesaki 325, Ikeda.

B15.7.5. B15.7.5. Ghormuhas: men’s bodies, horses‘ heads, one leg, cannibals. (Cf. B21.) India: Thompson-Balys.

B15.7.6. B15.7.6. Three-tailed turtle. Korean: Zong-in-Sob 169 No. 73.

B15.7.7. B15.7.7. Leopard with nine tails. Africa (Chaga): Gutman Globus XCI 239ff.

B15.7.7.1. B15.7.7.1. Nine-tailed fox. Korean: Zong-in-Sob 230 No. 99, 20 No. 9, 38 No. 22; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 141.

B15.7.8. B15.7.8. Boar with nine tusks in each jaw. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.9. B15.7.9. Cow with tallow liver. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.9.1. B15.7.9.1. Cow with two bags: one containing a one-legged bird; the other, a twelve-legged bird. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.10. B15.7.10. Animal unusual as to skin. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.10.1. B15.7.10.1. Animal with horny skin. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.10.2. B15.7.10.2. Animal with hair of iron pins. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.11. B15.7.11. Animal with one head, two bodies, six legs. Irish myth: Cross. (Cf. B15.6.3.5, B15.7.9.1.)

B15.7.12. B15.7.12. Eel with fiery mane. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.13. B15.7.13. Bird with fiery beak. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.13.1. B15.7.13.1. Bird with beak of iron. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg.

B15.7.14. B15.7.14. Bird with tail of fire. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.15. B15.7.15. Monster with 100 hands, 100 palms on each hand, and 100 nails on each palm. Irish myth: Cross.

B15.7.16. B15.7.16. Eagle with twelve wings and three heads. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (B172.6.)

B16. B16. Devastating animals. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B16.0.1. B16.0.1. Beasts that destroy vineyards and steal fruit. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.0.2. B16.0.2. Tormenting beast in man’s stomach. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.0.3. B16.0.3. Man-eating monster (in cave). Irish myth: Cross.

B16.1. B16.1. Devastating domestic animals.

B16.1.1. B16.1.1. Monster cat devastates country. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 191; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chat”; India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.1.1.1. B16.1.1.1. Monster cat born of a pig. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 191.

B16.1.1.2. B16.1.1.2. Cat leaps through man like arrow of fire and burns him to ashes. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.1.1.3. B16.1.1.3. Cat devours flesh of man‘s legs. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.1.2. B16.1.2. Devastating dog (hound). Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.1.2.1. B16.1.2.1. Giant devastating hound. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.1.3. B16.1.3. Devastating horse.

B16.1.3.1. B16.1.3.1. Man-eating mares. *Frazer Apollodorus I 200 n. 1.

B16.1.4. B16.1.4. Devastating swine. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.1.4.1. B16.1.4.1. Giant devastating boar. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 82; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.1.4.2. B16.1.4.2. Giant devastating sow. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: MacCulloch Celtic 187, *Fb “sш” III 450a.

B16.1.5. B16.1.5. Man-eating cattle. India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.1.5.1. B16.1.5.1. Monster ox (bull) killed. Babylonian: Jensen Gilgamesch-Epos VI 94ff., cf. 120--21, 129ff.; Greek: Fox 29, 62, 84, 102; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 85, *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.1.5.2. B16.1.5.2. Destructive cow possessed by demons. Irish myth: Cross. (Cf. B17.1.3.)

B16.1.5.3. B16.1.5.3. Devastating bull. Greek: Grote I 189.

B16.1.6. B16.1.6. Destructive sheep. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.1.6.1. B16.1.6.1. Devastating supernatural lamb. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.2. B16.2. Devastating wild animals.

B16.2.1. B16.2.1. Devastating fox. Monthly human sacrifice.--*Frazer Apollodorus I 171 n. 2.

B16.2.2. B16.2.2. Devastating tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

B16.2.2.1. B16.2.2.1. Hostile tiger killed. Icel.: *Boberg.

B16.2.3. B16.2.3. Giant lion overcome by hero. Babylonian: Jensen Gilgamesch-Epos VIII; Greek: Fox 80; Icel.: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B16.2.4. B16.2.4. Giant devastating wolf overcome by hero. Icel.: Boberg.

B16.2.5. B16.2.5. Devastating bear killed. Icel.: Boberg.

B16.2.6. B16.2.6. Devastating elephant. Icel.: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese-Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 188.

B16.2.7. B16.2.7. Destructive deer. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.2.8. B16.2.8. Giant man-eating mice. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.2.9. B16.2.9. Devastating bison (buffalo). German: Grimm No. 197; India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.3. B16.3. Devastating birds. (Cf. B33.)

B16.4. B16.4. Devastating fish carries off daily victim. India: Thompson-Balys; Greek: Grote I 189.

B16.4.1. B16.4.1. Leviathan casts up gorge which spreads disease. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.4.1.1. B16.4.1.1. Leviathan causes cataclysm by striking earth with tail. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.4.1.1.2. B16.4.1.1.2. Sea-beast: when it belches landward, it causes disease; upward it kills birds; downward, fishes and sea animals. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.5. B16.5. Devastating reptiles.

B16.5.1. B16.5.1. Giant devastating serpent. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 144f.--Africa (Chaga): Stamberg Zs. f. Eingeborenen-Spr. XXIII 296ff., Gutmann Volksbuch der Wadschagga 82f. No. 41, (Ganda): Baskerville King of the Snakes 1ff., (Senegambia): Bйranger-Feraud Recueil de Contes Populaires de la Senegambia II 185ff. No. 2, (tribes of Western Sudan): Tauxier Le Noir du Yatengo 496 No. 1.

B16.5.1.1. B16.5.1.1. Devastating serpent with fiery breath. India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.5.1.2. B16.5.1.2. Devastating (man-eating) sea-monster (serpent). Irish myth: Cross.

B16.5.1.2.1. B16.5.1.2.1. Serpent sucks man’s breath (blood). India: *Thompson-Balys.

B16.5.2. B16.5.2. Devastating crocodile. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX II No. 188.

B16.5.3. B16.5.3. Devastating shell-fish. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 119f.

B16.5.4. B16.5.4. Man-devouring turtle. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 145.

B16.6. B16.6. Devastating insects.

B16.6.1. B16.6.1. Giant man-eating ants. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.6.2. B16.6.2. Blood-sucking chafer. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.6.2.1. B16.6.2.1. Fierce black chafer. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.6.3. B16.6.3. Destructive locusts (with wings of iron) eat wheat crop. Irish myth: Cross.

B16.6.4. B16.6.4. Devastating spider. India: Thompson-Balys.

B16.6.5. B16.6.5. Devastating centipede. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 232f.

B17. B17. Hostile animals. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1. B17.1. Hostile beasts. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.1. B17.1.1. Ferocious animals loosed against attackers. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.2. B17.1.2. Hostile dog (hound). Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.2.1. B17.1.2.1. Bloodhounds decapitate victim. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.2.2. B17.1.2.2. Hostile hound killed by reaching through hollow log in its jaws--and tearing heart out. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.2.2.1. B17.1.2.2.1. Hero kills hostile hound (monster) by tearing (forcing) out its entrails (heart). Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.2.3. B17.1.2.3. Transformed man as hostile dog. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.3. B17.1.3. Hostile cattle. Irish myth: Cross. (Cf. B15.1.5.2.)

B17.1.4. B17.1.4. Hostile horse. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.4.1. B17.1.4.1. Infuriated horses kill driver. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.1.5. B17.1.5. Hostile cat. Irish myth: Cross (B16.1.4).

B17.2. B17.2. Other hostile animals. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.2.1. B17.2.1. Hostile sea-beasts. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.2.1.1. B17.2.1.1. Hostile sea-rat. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.2.1.2. B17.2.1.2. Hostile eel attacks hero. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.2.1.3. B17.2.1.3. Hostile sea-cat. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.2.2. B17.2.2. Hostile griffin. Irish myth: Cross.

B17.2.3. B17.2.3. Hostile raven.

B17.2.3.1. B17.2.3.1. Raven plucks out men‘s eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

B17.2.4. B17.2.4. Hostile scorpion.

B17.2.4.1. B17.2.4.1. Scorpion scoops out men’s eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

B18. B18. Behemoth: mythical gigantic animal. Jewish: Neuman.

B19. B19. Other mythical beasts. Fb “solulv”.

B19.1. B19.1. Brazen-footed, fire-breathing bulls. (Cf. B15.6, B15.5)--Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4, 110 n. i.

B19.2. B19.2. Nectar-yielding cow. Hindu: Keith 37.

B19.2.1. B19.2.1. The cow Audhumla. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 324.

B19.3. B19.3. Horse born of egg. Mythical hero will come riding on such a horse.--Fb “Holger Danske” I 640b, “жg” III 1142b.

B19.3.1. B19.3.1. Immortal horses. Greek: Grote I 11.

B19.3.2. B19.3.2. Mythical horse belonging to water-spirit. S. A. Indian: Toba Mйtraux MAFLS XL 50.

B19.4. B19.4. Glowing animals. Horses, swine, etc. which glow. (Cf. B15.4.2.)--*Wuttke Der deutsche Volksaberglaube der Gegenwart 59; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “glьhend”; *Fb “gloende”.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Icel.: Boberg.

B19.4.1. B19.4.1. Burrowing swine heat ground. Irish myth: Cross.

B19.4.2. B19.4.2. Fiery serpent. Irish myth: Cross.

B19.4.3. B19.4.3. Sheep with fiery collar. Irish myth: Cross.

B19.4.4. B19.4.4. Hound flame of fire by night. Irish myth: Cross.

B19.5. B19.5. Horse with golden mane. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 66, 153.

B19.6. B19.6. Herd which came from heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

B19.6.1. B19.6.1. Cows of the sun. (Cf. Odyssey.) India: Thompson-Balys.

B19.7. B19.7. The goat Heidrun. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 313--14.

B19.8. B19.8. Mythical antelope. Jewish: Neuman.

B19.9. B19.9. Eternal bats. S. A. Indian (Guarani): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 93.

B19.10. B19.10. Mythical tiger. Jewish: Neuman.

B19.11. B19.11. Mythical donkey. Jewish: Neuman.

B20. B20. Beast-men. Combinations of bestial and human form.

B20.1. B20.1. Army of half-animals, half-men. Jewish: Neuman.

B20.2. B20.2. Beast-men in the lower world. Jewish: Neuman.

B21. B21. Centaur: man-horse. Trunk and head of man, body of horse.--**P. V. C. Baur Centaurs in Ancient Art (Berlin, 1912); *Frazer Apollodorus I 191 n. 3, 261 n. 1; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 413; Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 225ff.; **Dumйzil (G.) Le Probleme des Centaures (Paris, 1929); Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer I 202.

B21.1. B21.1. Norse man-horse: “fingalkn” or “fingalp”. Icel.: Boberg.

B21.2. B21.2. Body and hands human, head and ears those of a horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

B21.3. B21.3. Man with horse‘s mouth. Irish myth: Cross.

B22. B22. Man-ass. Body of man, hoofs of ass.--*Chauvin VII 82 No. 373bis, n. I; Jewish: Neuman.

B22.1. B22.1. Body of man, head of ass. Jewish: Neuman.

B22.2. B22.2. Ass with human intelligence. German: Grimm No. 144.

B23. B23. Man-bull.

B23.1. B23.1. Minotaur. Body of man, head of bull. Result of union of woman with bull.--Icel.: Boberg; Greek: Fox 61; Roscher Lexikon s. v. “Acheloos”; Frazer Apollodorus I 307 n. I, II 120 n. I.--Chauvin VII 87 No. 373bis n. 3.--Chinese: Ferguson 30.

B23.2. B23.2. Bull with man’s head. Persian: Carnoy 333.

B23.3. B23.3. Man with (two) horns on his head. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

B24. B24. Satyr. Combination of man and goat.--Greek: Fox 268; Jewish: Neuman.

B24.1. B24.1. Satyr reveals woman‘s infidelity. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B24.2. B24.2. Man with goat’s head. (Cf. A1614.1.2.) Irish myth: Cross (B29.5).

B25. B25. Man-dog. Icel.: *Boberg; American Indian and Siberian: *Jochelson JE VI, 1912, 336; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 205, III 226, 246, Holm 50, Rink 47, 111, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 633; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 205.

B25.1. B25.1. Man with dog‘s head. *Chauvin VII 77 No. 121; H. Cordier RTP V 72ff.; Fb “hundetyrk”.--Loomis White Magic 114; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 72.

B25.1.1. B25.1.1. Dog-headed man has mane of horse (cattle). Irish myth: Cross.

B25.1.2. B25.1.2. Dog-headed people. Peasants persecuted by one-eyed and dog-headed savages.--Estonian: M. J. Eisen Estnische Mythologie (Leipzig 1925) pp. 202--206; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 73 No. 232; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3911.

B25.2. B25.2. Dog with human head. India: Thompson-Balys.

B26. B26. Man-tiger. Hindu: Keith 96, Thompson-Balys.

B26.1. B26.1. Girl with tiger’s legs and ears. Indo-Chinese (Wa tribe): Scott 291.

B27. B27. Man-lion. Man with lion‘s head.--Greek: *Grote I 7; Jewish: Neuman; Chauvin VII 87 No. 373bis n. 3.

B28. B28. Man-elephant. Man with elephant’s head.--Hindu: Keith 181.

B29. B29. Other combinations of beast and man.

B29.1. B29.1. Lamia. Face of woman, body of serpent (or body of sow, and legs of horse).--*Bolte FFC XXXIX 5 n. 1--Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 603; Czech: Mбchal Slavic 265; India: Thompson-Balys.

B29.2. B29.2. Echidna. Half woman, half serpent.--Frazer Apollodorus I 131.

B29.2.1. B29.2.1. Serpent with human head. Jewish: Neuman.

B29.2.2. B29.2.2. Man with serpent‘s head. Jewish: Neuman.

B29.2.3. B29.2.3. Snake body-woman’s head. Aurora (New Hebrides): Codrington No. III 12.

B29.3. B29.3. Man-hog. Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Werner 335.

B29.4. B29.4. Man-cat. Irish myth: Cross.

B29.4.1. B29.4.1. Man with cat‘s head. Irish myth: Cross.

B29.4.1.1. B29.4.1.1. Man with head and tail of cat. Irish myth: Cross.

B29.5. B29.5. Man-wolf. Icel.: Boberg.

B29.6. B29.6. Man-elk. Hrolfs saga kr. ch. 20.

B29.7. B29.7. Man-bear. Jewish: Neuman.

B29.8. B29.8. Man-hedgehog. Upper half of body like hedgehog.--German: Grimm 108.

B29.9. B29.9. Man-ape. Jewish: Neuman.

B30. B30. Mythical birds. Penzer VII 56 n.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 29.

B30.1. B30.1. Mythical white albatross. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 92.

B30.2. B30.2. Mythical cock. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 276, 303, 313, 331, Boberg.

B31.1. B31.1. Roc. A giant bird which carries off men in its claws.--Irish myth: Cross; German: Grimm Nos. 51, 161; Penzer I 103ff., II 219; Chauvin VI 3 No. 181 n. 3; Burton I 154 n., V 122f., VI 16n, 48ff., S III 186, S VII 249.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 45.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 318 n. 151.

B31.1.0.1. B31.1.0.1. The bird Ziz, Hebrew counterpart of roc. Jewish: Neuman.

B31.1.1. B31.1.1. Roc‘s egg. *Chauvin VI 93 No. 256, VII 10 No. 373B.

B31.1.2. B31.1.2. Roc drops rock on ship. Rock is so large that it destroys ship.--*Chauvin VII 21 No. 373E n. 1; *Basset 1001 Contes I 158.

B31.2. B31.2. The Bird Gam. Throws sand in a stream and makes a lake. Appears at turn of century. Also carries men. Leaps into the sea and sleeps.--Fb “Fugl Gam”, “Gam” IV 173b.--Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 131ff., (1928) 94.--Icel.: *Boberg.

B31.3. B31.3. Giant ravens. They sit on mountain; when they fly, avalanche comes.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 139.

B31.3.1. B31.3.1. Giant swimming raven. Irish myth: Cross.

B31.4. B31.4. Giant bat. *Chauvin VII n. 9.

B31.5. B31.5. Simorg: giant bird.--Chauvin VII 12; Malone PMLA XLIII 404.

B31.6. B31.6. Other giant birds. Penzer I 104, VI 123 n.--Chinese: Giles Strange Stories of a Chinese Studio (New York, 1927) 547.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 222 No. 33.

B31.6.1. B31.6.1. Giant blackbird. Irish myth: Cross.

B31.6.2. B31.6.2. Giant bird pulls up oak tree by roots. Irish myth: Cross.

B31.6.2.1. B31.6.2.1. Giant bird alighting on oak tree causes it to tremble. Irish myth: Cross.

B32. B32. Phoenix. *Hdwb. d. deutschen Aberglaubens I 180; *Gunkel Das Mдrchen im alten Testament 36f.; Roscher Lexikon III 3450 s. v. “Phoinix”.--Fb “phoenix”.--Medieval Romance: Wells Manual of Writings 105 (Prose Alexander).--Chinese: Ferguson 98, Eberhard FFC CXX 117 No. 73; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B32.1. B32.1. Phoenix renews youth. Fb “шrn” III 1183b; Egyptian: Mьller 165f.

B32.1.1. B32.1.1. Phoenix renews youth when 1,000 years old. Jewish: Neuman.

B33. B33. Man-eating birds. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 84; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 72.

B33.1. B33.1. Other devastating birds. Irish myth: Cross.

B33.1.1. B33.1.1. Devastating birds wither everything with their breath. Irish myth: Cross.

B33.1.2. B33.1.2. Devastating birds destroy grass. Irish myth: Cross.

B33.1.3. B33.1.3. Black birds destroy crops. Irish myth: Cross.

B33.1.4. B33.1.4. Devastating birds with poisonous spells on their wings. Irish myth: Cross.

B34. B34. Bird of dawn. Golden plumage; three feet.--Chinese: Werner 186.

B35. B35. Camrosh. Giant bird which collects seeds and sees that they are properly placed. Carries off the people‘s enemies.--Persian: Carnoy 289; Penzer I 103.

B36. B36. Milk-producing bird. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 101; India: Thompson-Balys.

B37. B37. Immortal bird. (cf. B32.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B39. B39. Other mythical birds.

B39.1. B39.1. Bird from paradise. India: Thompson-Balys.

B40. B40. Bird-beasts. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ailes”.

B41. B41. Bird-horse.

B41.1. B41.1. Pegasus. Winged horse.--Greek: Fox 34, 39, 213.

B41.2. B41.2. Flying horse. Sometimes represented as having wings, sometimes as going through the air by magic.--*Chauvin V 228 No. 130; Fb “hest” IV 211a; BP II 134; *Hdwb. d. deutschen Mдrchens s. v. “Arabische Motive”; Penzer II 224; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 110--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 43 (Sleipnir), 185 (Hofvarpnir).--Arabian: Burton I 160, V 246 n., VI 8, VII 46, 53, S II 85; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 838, 1358; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 314.

B41.2.1. B41.2.1. Angel horse. Horse draws angels’ chariot.--*Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 17ff.

B42. B42. Griffin. Half lion, half eagle.--*Chauvin VII 13 No. 313B; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1129f.; Penzer I 104, 141 n. 2; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

B42.1. B42.1. Hippogriff. Horse with fore-quarters of griffin.--Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 232.

B43. B43. Winged bull. Spence Myths of Bab. & Assyr. 289f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

B43.1. B43.1. Flying buffalo. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B44. B44. Bird-bear. Icel.: Herrman Saxo II 174ff., *Boberg.

B45. B45. Air-going elephant. Hindu: Tawney I 328, II 540; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B46. B46. Vasa Mortis. Bird with four heads, middle like a whale, feathers and feet of a griffin.--Old English: Solomon and Saturnus (Grein-Wьlcker) III (2) 58--82, lines 262ff.

B47. B47. Winged camel. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

B48. B48. Flying crustacean. (Cf. B62, B94.) India: Thompson-Balys.

B49. B49. Bird-beasts--miscellaneous.

B49.1. B49.1. Bird with crocodile head. Jewish: Neuman;

B49.2. B49.2. Flying ape. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 235.

B49.3. B49.3. Flying fox. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 235.

B50. B50. Bird-men. Irish myth: Cross.

B51. B51. Sphinx. Has face of woman, body and tail of lion, wings of bird.--**Laistner Rдtsel der Sphinx; *Frazer Apollodorus I 349 n. 1; **J. Ilberg Die Sphinx in der griechischen Kunst und Saga (Leipzig, 1896); Kцhler-Bolte I 115.

B52. B52. Harpy. Bird with arms and breasts of woman.--Greek: Fox 111, *Grote I 216f.; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 564.

B53. B53. Siren. Bird with woman‘s head.--*Encyclopaedia Britannica s.v. “sirens”; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 310 n. 1 (here considered as half fish, half woman); Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Seirenen”; Penzer VI 282 n. 6; *Frazer Apollodorus I 21, II 291 n. 2; *Weicker Der Seelenvogel in d. alten Literatur und Kunst.--Slavic: Mбchal 260; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 41 No. 26.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “sirиne”; Gascon: Bladй II 342 No. 10; Jewish: Neuman.

B53.0.1. B53.0.1. Siren in mermaid form. Irish myth: Cross.

B53.1. B53.1. Drowning man rescued by siren. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “noyй”.

B53.2. B53.2. Man suckled by siren. Dickson Valentine and Orson 110 n. 26, 112.

B53.3. B53.3. Gold thrown on shore by siren. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “or”.

B53.4. B53.4. Siren’s song causes sleep. Irish myth: Cross.

B55. B55. Man with bird‘s head. Chauvin VII 77 No. 121.

B56. B56. Garuda-bird. Lower part man, upper part bird.--*Penzer I 103, VII 56 n. X 159; Chauvin V 228, VII 12.--Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 345.--Indonesian: Dixon 224.--Panchatantra (trans. Ryder) 94ff.; Penzer-Tawney X 159 “Garuda”.

B57. B57. “Finngбlkn”, bird with a man’s head. Icel.: *Boberg.

B60. B60. Mythical fish. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B60.1. B60.1. Parent of all fishes. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 24.

B61. B61. Leviathan. Giant fish.--Hebrew: Job 41:1, Psalms 104:26, Isaiah 27:1; Jewish: *Neuman.--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B62. B62. Flying fish. Irish myth: Cross.

B63. B63. Mythical octopus. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22; Marquesas: Handy 74.

B64. B64. Mythical eel. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 102f.

B65. B65. Mythical shark. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 128--132.

B68. B68. Horned water-monster. S. A. Indian (Chaco): Beliaeff BBAE CXLIII (1) 379.

B70. B70. Fish-beasts. *Loomis White Magic 64f.

B71. B71. Sea horse. Horse living in sea.--*Chauvin VII 7 No. 373a n. 1; *Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 133ff.; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 97.--Irish myth: Cross; Scotch: MacDougall and Calder 309ff.; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 42 No. 31.--Chinese: Ferguson 30.

B72. B72. Sea cow. Cow living in sea.--Irish myth: Cross.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 42 No. 32; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn (1893) 153ff., (1928) 105ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

B72.1. B72.1. Three sea-cows: one red, one white, one black. Irish myth: Cross.

B73. B73. Sea-cat. Irish myth: Cross.

B80. B80. Fish-men. Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 98.

B80.1. B80.1. Seal-man. Irish myth: Cross.

B80.2. B80.2. Monster half-man, half-fish. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 30.

B81. B81. Mermaid. Woman with tail of fish. Lives in sea.--BP III 324; *Fb “havfrue” I, 569, IV 204a; Thien Motive in Kцnig Rother 42; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 98.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “poisson”. Icel.: *Boberg; Estonian: Hartland Science of Fairy Tales 201; Irish myth: Cross; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 41 No. 26; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 46 Nos. 58--63; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 636; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

B81.0.1. B81.0.1. Mermaids are like fishes in the water, like men on land. Icel.: Boberg.

B81.0.2. B81.0.2. Woman from water world. Irish myth: Cross.

B81.1. B81.1. Mermaids from Pharoah’s children. They were drowned in the Red Sea.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 41 No. 27.

B81.2. B81.2. Mermaid marries man. Fb “havfrue” IV 204a.--Krappe Archiv fьr das Studium der neueren Sprachen 159 (1931) 161--175; Irish myth: Cross; Livonian: Loorits FFC XLVI 40 No. 25; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 45f. Nos. 55, 57.

B81.2.1. B81.2.1. Mermaid has son by human father. *Fb “havfrue” I 569b, IV 204a; Icel.: *Boberg.

B81.2.2. B81.2.2. Mermaids tear their mortal lovers to pieces. Irish myth: Cross.

B81.3. B81.3. Mermaid leads people astray. Fb “havfrue” I 569b.

B81.3.1. B81.3.1. Mermaid appears at midnight, entices people into water. England: Baughman.

B81.3.2. B81.3.2. Mermaid appears once each year, sings in choir, entices young man to follow her. England: Baughman.

B81.4. B81.4. Mermaid captures a maiden. *Fb “havfrue” IV 204a.

B81.5. B81.5. Mermaid sits on knight‘s bedpost. *Fb “havfrue” I 569b.

B81.6. B81.6. Mermaid has human midwife. *Fb “havfrue” I 569b.

B81.7. B81.7. Mermaid warns of bad weather. *Fb “havfrue” I 569b, IV 204a. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 143ff., (1928) 101ff.

B81.7.1. B81.7.1. Mermaid prophesies. Icel.: Boberg.

B81.8. B81.8. Mermaid cannot pass through ice. *Fb “havfrue” I 569b.

B81.9. B81.9. Appearance of mermaid. Fb “havfrue” IV 204a; Irish myth: Cross.

B81.9.1. B81.9.1. Mermaid’s hair reaches her waist. *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

B81.9.1.1. B81.9.1.1. Mermaid has wooly hair. U.S.: Baughman.

B81.9.2. B81.9.2. Mermaid has large breasts. *Fb “havfrue” IV 204a; Boberg.

B81.9.3. B81.9.3. Mermaid half-beautiful, half-monstrous. Irish myth: Cross.

B81.9.4. B81.9.4. Giant mermaid. Irish myth: Cross. (Cf. [b]B81.13.13.)

B81.9.5. B81.9.5. Skin of mermaid.

B81.9.5.1. B81.9.5.1. Mermaid has white skin. Scotland: Baughman.

B81.9.5.2. B81.9.5.2. Mermaid has brown skin. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

B81.10. B81.10. Mermaid swallows man. Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B81.11. B81.11. Mermaid’s singing causes sleep. Girl tumbles from boat and drowns.--Irish myth: Cross.

B81.12. B81.12. When mermaid appears.

B81.12.1. B81.12.1. Mermaid appears at midnight. England: Baughman.

B81.12.2. B81.12.2. Mermaid appears once each year. England: Baughman.

B81.13. B81.13. Miscellaneous actions of mermaid.

B81.13.1. B81.13.1. Mermaid asks captain to move boat which blocks entrance to her dwelling. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

B81.13.2. B81.13.2. Mermaid is washed up on beach. Wales, England: *Baughman.

B81.13.3. B81.13.3. Sight of mermaid bathing makes man immortal. England: Baughman.

B81.13.4. B81.13.4. Mermaid gives mortals gold from sea bottom. England: Baughman.

B81.13.5. B81.13.5. Giant mermaid (man) cast ashore. Irish myth: Cross.

B81.13.6. B81.13.6. Mermaid sings divinely in church (before enticing man away). England: Baughman.

B81.13.7. B81.13.7. Mermaid appears as omen of catastrophe. Ireland, England: *Baughman.

B81.13.8. B81.13.8. Curse by mermaid. Ireland, England: *Baughman.

B81.13.9. B81.13.9. Mermaid ruins seducer of her adopted daughter. England: Baughman.

B81.13.10. B81.13.10. Mermaid prevents raising of sunken church bell. (See C401.4.) England: Baughman.

B81.13.11. B81.13.11. Mermaid captured. Irish myth: Cross.

B81.13.11.1. B81.13.11.1. Mermaid caught by fishermen. Irish myth: Cross.

B81.13.12. B81.13.12. Mermaid lives for three hundred years under lake. Irish myth: Cross.

B82. B82. Merman. Fb “havmand” IV 205a; *Chauvin V 7 No. 3.--Arabian: Burton V 215, VII 254, 264, 270, IX 169 n., 179, 182ff.; Icelandic: Hбlfs saga ok Hбlfsrekka (ed. Andrews) 82; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 723; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

B82.1. B82.1. Merman marries maiden. Fb “havmand” I 571a; English ballad: *Child I 366; Danish: Grundtvig Danmarks Gamle Folkeviser No. 38.--Literary treatment: Arnold “The Forsaken Merman”.

B82.1.1. B82.1.1. Merman demands princess. *Fb “havmand” I 571a; Gaster Thespis 176.

B82.1.2. B82.1.2. Harp music makes merman restore stolen bride. *Fb “havmand” I 571a, II 725.

B82.2. B82.2. Merman demands cattle as offering. *Fb “havmand” I 571a.

B82.3. B82.3. Youth takes service with merman. *Fb “havmand” I 571a.

B82.4. B82.4. Merman teaches music. *Fb “nцkke” II 725a.

B82.5. B82.5. Merman attacked by putting steel in the water. *Fb “nцkke” II 725a.

B82.6. B82.6. Merman caught by fisherman (released). England: Baughman.

B82.7. B82.7. Merman lays hands on side of canoe. U. S.: Baughman.

B83. B83. Fish with human face. *Chauvin 8 No. 373A n. 2.

B90. B90. Other mythical animals.

B91. B91. Mythical serpent. Borgese “Giganti e Serpenti” Archivio per lo Studio delle tradizioni popolari XX 507ff., XXI 90ff., 161ff.--Hindu: Penzer I 109 n. 2, II 90 n. 2, 266, III 259 n. 1.--Indo-Chinese: Scott 301; India: Thompson-Balys.

B91.1. B91.1. Naga. Serpent demon.--Penzer I 203f., VI 28 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1354.

B91.2. B91.2. Plumed serpent. Hopi, Zuсi: Alexander N. Am. 188.

B91.3. B91.3. Horned snake. Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 357 n. 287f.; (Micmac): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 95 No. 27; (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 68f.; Ladino (Honduras, Nicaragua): Conzemius BBAE CVI 169.

B91.4. B91.4. Sky-traveling snake. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Alexander N. Am. 188.

B91.5. B91.5. Sea-serpent. *Oudemans (A. C.) The Great Sea-Serpent (London 1892).--Norwegian: Storaker (J.T.) Naturrigerne i den norske Folketro (Oslo 1928) 249; Solheim Register 17; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

B91.5.1. B91.5.1. Sea-serpent dilates and contracts. Irish myth: Cross.

B91.5.2. B91.5.2. Lake-serpent (monster). Irish myth: Cross.

B91.5.2.1. B91.5.2.1. Lake-serpent (monster) in form of woman. Irish myth: Cross.

B91.6. B91.6. Serpent causes flood. Irish myth: Cross.

B91.7. B91.7. Serpent is immortal. Gaster Oldest Stories 81.

B92. B92. Other mythical reptiles. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 125.

B93. B93. Mythical spider. India: Thompson-Balys.

B94. B94. Mythical crustacean.

B94.1. B94.1. Mythical crab. India: Thompson-Balys.

B95. B95. Vegetable lamb. Generated from ground. Umbilical cord is in the ground and the lambs will die if it is forcibly severed. They are frightened into severing it themselves and then live. Vertebrae of the neck planted to produce new ones.--*Laufer JAFL XXVIII 115ff.

B95.1. B95.1. Vegetable lamb born from melons (as from eggs).--Laufer JAFL XXVIII 124.

B95.2. B95.2. Marine lamb. Wool taken from sea lamb. (Really textiles from shell-fish pinna).--Laufer JAFL XXVIII 103ff.

B96. B96. Beast with human head and shape of smith‘s bellows. Irish myth: Cross.

B98. B98. Mythical frog. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 140.

B99. B99. Mythical animals--miscellaneous. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 371, (Zanzibar): Bateman 158 No. 8, (Basuto): Jacottet 70, 200, 276, (Ibo of Nigeria): Thomas 147, (Kaffir): Theal 84, 172.

B99.1. B99.1. Mythical salamander. Jewish: Neuman.

B99.2. B99.2. Mythical worm. Jewish: Neuman.

B100--B199.

B100--B199. Magic animals.

B100--B119.

B100--B119. TREASURE ANIMALS

B100. B100. Treasure animals. *Clouston Tales I 123 ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Penzer I 20 n., VIII 59 n. 3; Cox 510 n. 54.

B100.1. B100.1. Treasure found in slain helpful animal. *Cox Cinderella passim.--Lithuanian: Leskien 448 No. 25; Breton: Luzel III 134; Portuguese: Pedroso 76 No. 18.

B100.2. B100.2. Magic animal supplies treasure. *Cox 510; BP III 60, I 346 (Gr. Nos. 130, 36).--Maliseet: Thompson CColl II 413.

B101. B101. Animals with members of precious metal (jewels).

B101.1. B101.1. Bird with golden head. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B101.1.1. B101.1.1. Bird with wings of silver. Irish myth: Cross.

B101.1.2. B101.1.2. Bird with golden feet. Jewish: Neuman.

B101.2. B101.2. Treasure-hog. Alternate bristles of gold and silver; at each step a side of pork falls from him.--Fb “galt”.

B101.2.1. B101.2.1. Boar with golden bristles. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 109, 266.

B101.3. B101.3. Ram with golden fleece. Cox 510 n. 54.--Icel.: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 108.

B101.4. B101.4. Hind with golden horns. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 190 n. 1.

B101.4.1. B101.4.1. Stag with golden antlers and silver feet. Irish myth: Cross.

B101.4.2. B101.4.2. Stag with gold and silver on horns and neck, and a silver bell. Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 273.

B101.5. B101.5. Monster (whale) with golden teeth. Irish myth: Cross.

B101.6. B101.6. Fish with gold and silver heads. *Fb “fiske”.

B101.7. B101.7. Serpent with jewel in head. (Cf B112, B176).--*BP II 464; Cosquin Les contes indiens 256ff.; Fb “жdelsten”.--- Penzer IV 245; Indonesian: Dixon 159 n. 20, 328 n. 20; India: *Thompson-Balys; U.S.: Baughman; Cherokee: Alexander N. Am. 68f; Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 60.

B101.8. B101.8. Cow with silver horns. Irish myth: Cross.

B101.8.1. B101.8.1. Big ox with gold and silver in the horns. Icel: *Boberg.

B101.9. B101.9. Mongoose with golden hair and silver ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

B102. B102. Animal of precious metal (jewels).

B102.1. B102.1. Golden bird. Bird with golden feathers. *Type 550.--Cox 510 n. 54; Fb “fugl”, “guldfugl”, “fjer”--India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 149, Tawney II 507; Panchatantra (trans. Ryder) 333; Missouri French: Carriиre.

B102.1.1. B102.1.1. Golden hawk. Icel.: *Boberg.

B102.1.2. B102.1.2. Golden peacock. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1052.

B102.1.3. B102.1.3. Golden goose. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 581, 1264.

B102.2. B102.2. Golden horse. (Cf. B181.)--Cox 510 n. 54; Fb “guldhest”; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 461ff., (1931) 316ff.; Icel.: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Missouri French: Carriиre.

B102.3. B102.3. Golden deer. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1131.

B102.4. B102.4. Golden fish. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “poisson”; India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross.

B102.4.1. B102.4.1. Fish of silver. Irish myth: Cross.

B102.5. B102.5. Golden calf. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B102.5.1. B102.5.1. Silver calf. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 85.

B102.6. B102.6. Golden serpent. German: Grimm No. 136.

B102.7. B102.7. Golden dog. Jewish: Neuman.

B102.8. B102.8. Golden crab. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 249.

B103. B103. Treasure-producing animals.

B103.0.1. B103.0.1. Treasure-producing turkey. N. Am. Indian (Zuсi): Cushing Zuсi Folk-Tales 54ff.

B103.0.2. B103.0.2. Magic bird produces unlimited food. Irish myth: Cross; Indonesian: Dixon 238 n. 51.

B103.0.3. B103.0.3. Gold-producing ram. Penzer I 20 n.

B103.0.4. B103.0.4. Gold-producing serpent. Penzer I 20 n.

B103.0.4.1. B103.0.4.1. Grateful snake gives gold piece daily. India: Thompson-Balys.

B103.0.5. B103.0.5. Treasure-giving goat. Fb “buk” IV 77a; Boberg.

B103.0.6. B103.0.6. Gold-producing lion. Penzer I 20 n.

B103.0.7. B103.0.7. Magic jewel obtained from elephant. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B103.0.8. B103.0.8. Treasure received from tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

B103.1. B103.1. Treasure-dropping animals.

B103.1.1. B103.1.1. Gold-producing ass. Droppings of gold.--*Type 563; **Aarne JSFO XXVII (1909) 1--96; Cox 510 n. 54; Penzer V 11 n. 1; *BP I 349ff. (Gr. No. 36).--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “вne”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 1; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 196; Japanese: Ikeda.

B103.1.2. B103.1.2. Cow drops gold dung. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B103.1.2.1. B103.1.2.1. Pearl-dropping cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

B103.1.3. B103.1.3. Gold-producing dog. Droppings of gold.--Penzer V 11 n. 1; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 35f.

B103.1.4. B103.1.4. Gold-making deer. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 35ff.

B103.1.5. B103.1.5. Gold-making bird. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 35f.

B103.1.6. B103.1.6. Magic tortoise fed with salt gives pearls. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 222.

B103.2. B103.2. Treasure-laying animals.

B103.2.1. B103.2.1. Treasure-laying bird. Bird lays money or golden eggs or an egg at every step.--Kцhler-Bolte I 409; Cox 510 n. 54; Fb “hцne” I 570b.--Icel.: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oiseau”; India: *Thompson-Balys, Panchatantra III 14, (Ryder tr.) 359.

B103.3. B103.3. Animal giving treasure as milk.

B103.3.1. B103.3.1. Goat giving coins instead of milk. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B103.4. B103.4. Animal spitting (vomiting) treasure.

B103.4.1. B103.4.1. Fish with coin in mouth. Dh II 180.

B103.4.1.1. B103.4.1.1. Silver and gold run from cod’s mouth. Type 1654*.

B103.4.2. B103.4.2. Serpent with jewel in his mouth. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B103.4.2.1. B103.4.2.1. Grateful snake spits out lump of gold for his rescuer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B103.4.2.2. B103.4.2.2. Snake vomits jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

B103.4.3. B103.4.3. Dog vomits gold and silver. Irish myth: Cross (B109.1.1).

B103.5. B103.5. Animal laying treasure in water.

B103.5.1. B103.5.1. Serpent lays treasure in lake. Swiss: Jegerlehner 305, n. 3.

B103.6. B103.6. Animal producing treasure by bite.

B103.6.1. B103.6.1. Serpent‘s bite produces ornaments and clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

B103.7. B103.7. Animal producing treasure at death.

B103.7.1. B103.7.1. When destructive bird is killed, barn is found full of gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

B105. B105. Animal bearing precious ornaments.

B105.1. B105.1. Hind with gold chain on neck. *Fb “hind”.

B105.2. B105.2. Deer with string of pearls around its neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

B106. B106. Animal lying on treasure. Serpent with gold under him.--Fb “lindorm” II 433b.

B107. B107. Animal with treasure inside it.

B107.1. B107.1. Fish with ingot of gold inside it. Irish myth: Cross.

B108. B108. Animal as patron of wealth.

B108.1. B108.1. Serpent as patron of wealth. Japanese: Anesaki 331.

B109. B109. Treasure animals--miscellaneous.

B109.1. B109.1. Magic spider catches pearls. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 222.

B109.2. B109.2. Centipede plays at night with pearl. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 232f.

B110. B110. Treasure-producing parts of animals.

B112. B112. Treasure-producing serpent’s crown. (Cf. B108.1, B115.1, B176).---- Type 672; BP II 463f.--Icel.: *Boberg; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 132 no. 79; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 79; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 73 No. 233.

B113. B113. Treasure-producing parts of bird. **Aarne MSFO XXV 176 (extensive list of parts).

B113.1. B113.1. Treasure-producing bird-heart. (Cf. D1015.1.1.) Brings riches when eaten.--**Aarne MSFO XXV 176; *Type 567; Penzer I 19 n 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

B113.2. B113.2. Treasure-producing bird-head. (Cf. D1011.0.1.)--*Aarne MSFO XXV 176.

B113.3. B113.3. Treasure from bird‘s feathers. German: Grimm Nos. 60, 64.

B114. B114. Treasure-producing part of sheep.

B114.1. B114.1. Treasure-producing sheepskin. India: Thompson-Balys.

B115. B115. Animal with horn of plenty. *Cox Cinderella 473 n. 2.--Greek: Fox 93.--India: *Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 169, (Basuto): Jacottet 240 No. 35.

B115.1. B115.1. Ear-cornucopia. Animal furnishes treasure or supplies from its ears.--*Cox Cinderella 475 n. 2.--*Fb “tyr” III 908a, “шre” III 1181a.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oreille”, “boeuf”, “nourriture”.

B115.2. B115.2. Wing-cornucopia. Turkey supplies treasure from its wings.--Southern Ute: Lowie JAFL XXXVII 85 No. 56.

B115.3. B115.3. Animal with tail of plenty. India: Thompson-Balys.

B119. B119. Treasure-producing parts of animals--miscellaneous.

B119.1. B119.1. Dog (whose skin) turns water to wine (mead). Irish myth: Cross.

B119.2. B119.2. Treasure produced by goat’s entrails. German: Grimm No. 130.

B119.3. B119.3. Armadillo with silver plate over its forehead. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 71.

B120--B169.

B120--B169. ANIMALS WITH MAGIC WISDOM

B120. B120. Wise animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

B120.0.1. B120.0.1. Animals have second sight. Irish myth: Cross.

B121. B121. Beasts with magic wisdom.

B121.1. B121.1. Dog with magic wisdom.--Krappe “The dog king” Scandinavian Studies XVII (1942) 148ff., Icel.: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Irish: Beal. XXI 310.

B121.1.1. B121.1.1. Infallible hunting-dog. Greek: Fox 72; Irish myth: Cross.

B121.2. B121.2. Fox as alchemist. Chinese: Werner 381, Krappe CFQ III (1944) 125f.

B121.3. B121.3. Cat with magic wisdom. Jewish: Neuman.

B121.4. B121.4. Ass (mule) with magic wisdom. Jewish: Neuman.

B121.5. B121.5. Ox with magic wisdom. Jewish: Neuman.

B121.6. B121.6. Lion with magic wisdom. German: Grimm No. 67.

B122. B122. Bird with magic wisdom. (Cf. A1904, B130, B211.3.)--Persian: Carnoy 291; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B122.0.1. B122.0.1. Wise magpie. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 57.

B122.0.2. B122.0.2. Wise golden peacock. India: Thompson-Balys.

B122.0.3. B122.0.3. Wise owl. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1038.

B122.0.4. B122.0.4. Prophesying parrot. India: *Thompson-Balys, Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1038.

B122.0.5. B122.0.5. Wise eagle (in Yggdrasil). Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 332.

B122.1. B122.1. Bird as adviser. *BP II 534.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek Grote I 105; Icel.: Gering-Symons Edda-Kommentar II 226; Vцlsunga saga ch. 19--20 (19); English and Germanic: Wimberly Folklore in Ballads 44ff.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Tibet: Schiefner-Ralston Tibetan Tales 129; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 67; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis III 244, IV 56; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 107 No. 22, Nights 118 No. 22; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 142.

B122.1.1. B122.1.1. Birds tell a secret. Chauvin II 107.--Icel.: *Boberg, Ragnars saga ch. 9 (8) p. 134, Vцlsunga saga ch. 19--20 (19).

B122.1.2. B122.1.2. Bird reveals druidic secrets. Irish myth: Cross.

B122.2. B122.2. Birds as reporters of sights and sounds. Sit on Odin‘s shoulder and report what they see and hear.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 65, Krappe Etudes 29ff.

B122.3. B122.3. Bird can recite sacred writings. Persian: Carnoy 290.

B122.4. B122.4. Bird announces time for sunrise and sunset. Chinese: Werner 186f.

B122.5. B122.5. Wise mother eagle distinguishes between stupid and intelligent eaglets. Irish myth: Cross.

B122.6. B122.6. Bird summarizes history. Irish myth: Cross.

B122.7. B122.7. Cock helper advises of coming enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

B122.8. B122.8. Parrot scout sent to enemy camp to ascertain strength. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 980.

B123. B123. Wise reptile.

B123.1. B123.1. Wise serpent. (cf. B161--165, B176.)--*Scott Thumb 173.--Hebrew: Genesis 3:1; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton III 145, V 305, 328, 390; India: Thompson-Balys.

B123.1.1. B123.1.1. Serpent‘s wisdom from eating from tree of knowledge. Jewish: Neuman.

B124. B124. Wise fish. (Cf. B175.)

B124.1. B124.1. Salmon as oldest and wisest of animals. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 189; Irish myth: Cross.

B124.1.1. B124.1.1. Salmon of knowledge. Irish myth: Cross.

B126. B126. Amphibian with magic knowledge.

B126.1. B126.1. Frog with magic knowledge. Jewish: Neuman.

B130. B130. Truth-telling animals.

B131. B131. Bird of truth. A bird which reveals the truth. (Cf. B122, B141, B172.)--*Type 707; *BP II 380 (Gr. No. 96); *Kцhler-Bolte I 118; *Fb “fugl”.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oiseau”; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton Arabian Nights SV 245; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 153 No. 16, (Ibo [Nigeria]): Thomas 48, (Fjort): Dennett 92 No. 23, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 78 No. 12.

B131.0.1. B131.0.1. Truth-telling owl. India: Thompson-Balys.

B131.1. B131.1. Bird reveals murder. *Type 781; *BP I 275 n. 1; Hdwb. d. deutschen Mдrchens s.v. “Ibycus”.--English: Child II 144, 146--155; Irish: Beal XXI 336.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 312, (Zulu): Callaway 219, 299, (Thonga): Junod 242, (Basuto): *Jacottet 56 n. 1.--Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 266 No. 73.--Japanese: Ikeda.--S. A. Indian (Carib): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 129, 147, (Chiriguano): ibid. 162, Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484, (Yuracare): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144.

B131.1.1. B131.1.1. Crows reveal the killing of mare. Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 359.

B131.2. B131.2. Bird reveals treachery. (Cf. B133.2.)--*Type 707; *BP II 380ff. (Gr. No. 96); Kцhler-Bolte I 277; India: Thompson-Balys.

B131.3. B131.3. Bird betrays woman’s infidelity. (Cf. B134.1.)--Campbell Seven Sages xcviii--Greek: Fox 280; English: Child II 260; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 731.

B131.4. B131.4. Bird reveals dead rider. Calls out in human voice at seeing living woman riding behind dead man.--English: Child V 65.

B131.5. B131.5. Peacock‘s feathers ruffled in presence of poison. (Cf. B143.1.2.)--Penzer I 110 n. 1.

B131.6. B131.6. Bird betrays hiding-place of the Virgin. English: Child II 8.---- Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 198f.

B131.7. B131.7. Birds reveal innocence of suspect. Jewish: Neuman.

B131.8. B131.8. Bird warns to hurry. Chinese: Graham.

B132. B132. Truth-speaking cow. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B133. B133. Truth-speaking horse. Type 531; BP III (Gr. No. 126).

B133.0.1. B133.0.1. Truth-telling ass (mule). Jewish: Neuman.

B133.0.1.1. B133.0.1.1. Ass alone knows where hidden wind can be found. India: Thompson-Balys.

B133.1. B133.1. Horse warns hero of danger. English: Child No. 43; Icel.: *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Lithuanian: Leskien-Brugmann 359ff.; Russian: v. Lцwis of Menar Russische Mдrchen 13, Rambaud La Russie йpique 49; Persian: Nцldeke Das iranische Volksepos 58; India: Thompson-Balys; Missouri French: Carriиre.

B133.2. B133.2. Horse reveals treachery. (Cf. B131.2.)--Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 68 No. 15.

B133.3. B133.3. Speaking horse-head. The helpful magic horse (B181) is killed (B330). The head is preserved and placed on the wall. It speaks and reveals the treachery practiced against the heroine.--*Type 533; **W. Ljungman Tvе Folkminnesundersцkningar (Gцteborg 1925) 41ff; *BP II 273 (Gr. No. 89) 274 n. 1.--Hindu: Keith 122.

B133.4. B133.4. Horse refuses to carry one who speaks falsehood. Irish myth: Cross.

B133.4.1. B133.4.1. Horses refuse to remain with owner who has been cursed by clerics. Irish myth: Cross.

B134. B134. Truth-telling dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

B134.1. B134.1. Dog betrays woman’s infidelity. (Cf. B1313.) India. Thompson-Balys.--Zuсi: Handy JAFL XXXI 464 No. 17.

B134.1.1. B134.1.1. Truth-telling dog tells of incest. India: Thompson-Balys.

B134.2. B134.2. Dog betrays murder. *Fb “hund” I 678b.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 127 No. 12.

B134.3. B134.3. Dog as animal of warning. *Fb “hund” I 678.--Icel.: Boberg, India: Thompson-Balys.

B134.3.1. B134.3.1. Dog warns of coming. Chinese: Graham 123, p. 3.

B134.4. B134.4. Dog chooses between opposing tribes. Irish myth: Cross.

B134.5. B134.5. Dog returns from dead to clear master of murder. India: Thompson-Balys.

B135. B135. Truth-telling cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

B136. B136. Truth-telling deer. Jewish: Neuman.

B140. B140. Prophetic animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

B141. B141. Prophetic domestic beasts.

B141.1. B141.1. Prophetic goat. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 53 No. 2.

B141.2. B141.2. Prophetic horse. *Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 156ff.; *Malten Jahrb. d. Kaiserl. deutschen archдologischen Inst. XXIX (1914) 179ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Iliad Book XIX line 407.

B141.2.1. B141.2.1. Horse weeps for master‘s (saint’s) approaching death. Irish myth: Cross.

B141.3. B141.3. Ass‘s behavior predicts the weather. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B141.4. B141.4. Dog with magic sight. Fb. “hund” IV 227a.

B141.4.1. B141.4.1. Dog (transformed man) prophesies coming of enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

B141.5. B141.5. Prophetic cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

B142. B142. Prophetic wild beasts.

B142.1. B142.1. Prophetic fox. Chinese: Werner 370.

B142.2. B142.2. Prophetic jackal.

B142.2.1. B142.2.1. Jackal gives warning. India: Thompson-Balys.

B142.3. B142.3. Prophetic hart. Alphabet of Tales No. 416.

B142.4. B142.4. Prophetic lion. German: Grimm No. 67.

B143. B143. Prophetic bird. (Cf. B172.)--*Types 516, 517; BP I 322f., 323 n. 1; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 116; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Angang” I 428; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 266 No. 73.

B143.0.1. B143.0.1. Swan as prophetic bird. Fb “Svane” III 663; Handwb. d. Abergl. VII 1403.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 262.

B143.0.2. B143.0.2. Magpie as prophetic bird. Fb. “Skade” III 219; Handwb. d. Abergl. III 796 “Elster”.

B143.0.3. B143.0.3. Owl as prophetic bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

B143.0.4. B143.0.4. Raven as prophetic bird. Jewish: Neuman; Icel.: Boberg.

B143.0.5. B143.0.5. Hen as prophetic bird. Jewish: Neuman.

B143.0.6. B143.0.6. Dove as prophetic bird. Jewish: Neuman.

B143.0.7. B143.0.7. Eagle as prophetic bird. Jewish: Neuman.

B143.0.8. B143.0.8. Crow as prophetic bird.

B143.0.8.1. B143.0.8.1. Crows announce coming of hero to otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

B143.1. B143.1. Bird gives warning. (Cf. B131.5.)--English: Child I 31ff., 37, II 206 n., 496f., III 10, IV 441, V 284; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 266 No. 73.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 142, No. 16.

B143.1.1. B143.1.1. Warning crow. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B143.1.2. B143.1.2. Warning peacock. India: Thompson-Balys.

B143.1.3. B143.1.3. Warning parrot. India: Thompson-Balys.

B143.1.4. B143.1.4. Falcon saves master from drinking poisoned water. India: Thompson-Balys.

B143.1.5. B143.1.5. Golden cock warns against attack. Icel.: *Boberg.

B143.1.6. B143.1.6. Captured goose warns tortoise: released in gratitude. India: Thompson-Balys.

B143.2. B143.2. Bird describes doomsday. Irish myth: Cross.

B144. B144. Prophetic fish. (Cf. B175.)

B144.1. B144.1. King of fishes prophesies hero‘s birth. *Type 303; BP I 528 (Gr. Nos. 60, 85).--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 66 No. 3.

B145. B145. Prophetic reptile.

B145.1. B145.1. Prophetic tortoise. Chinese: Ferguson 100.

B145.2. B145.2. Prophetic snake. Greek: Iliad Book II, lines 308--319.

B145.3. B145.3. Prophetic worm. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 68.

B147. B147. Animals furnish omens. India: Thompson-Balys.

B147.1. B147.1. Beasts furnish omens.

B147.1.1. B147.1.1. Beasts of good omen.

B147.1.2. B147.1.2. Beasts of ill-omen.

B147.1.2.1. B147.1.2.1. Fox as beast of ill-omen. Chinese: Werner 370; Icel.: Boberg.

B147.1.2.2. B147.1.2.2. Cat as beast of ill-omen. Fb “kat”.--Irish myth: Cross.

B147.1.2.3. B147.1.2.3. Mouse as beast of ill-omen. *Fb “mus” II 631a.

B147.1.2.4. B147.1.2.4. Jackal as beast of ill-omen. India: Thompson-Balys.

B147.2. B147.2. Birds furnish omens. *Frazer Fasti II 203, III 378ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

B147.2.1. B147.2.1. Bird of good omen.

B147.2.1.1. B147.2.1.1. Raven as bird of good omen. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

B147.2.1.2. B147.2.1.2. Eagle as omen of victory. Icel.: *Boberg.

B147.2.2. B147.2.2. Bird of ill-omen. (Cf. B172.)--*Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Angang” I 428; German: Grimm No. 105.

B147.2.2.1. B147.2.2.1. Crow as bird of ill-omen. *Fb “krage”.--Icel.: Boberg; Hindu: Tawney I 284, 465 n.; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B147.2.2.2. B147.2.2.2. Gull as bird of ill-omen. *Fb “mеge”.

B147.2.2.3. B147.2.2.3. Raven as bird of ill-omen. *Krappe Etudes 31ff.; Fb “ravn” III 22a; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

B147.2.2.4. B147.2.2.4. Owl as bird of ill-omen. Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1073 s.v. “Eule”.--Alphabet of Tales Nos. 87, 88.--India: Thompson-Balys; Icel.: Boberg.

B147.2.2.5. B147.2.2.5. Eagle as bird of ill-omen. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

B147.2.2.6. B147.2.2.6. Vulture as bird of ill-omen. Irish myth: Cross.

B147.2.2.7. B147.2.2.7. Peacock as bird of ill-omen. India: Thompson-Balys.

B147.3. B147.3. Other animals furnish omens.

B147.3.0.1. B147.3.0.1. Divination by fall of house-lizard. India: Thompson-Balys.

B147.3.1. B147.3.1. Other animals furnish good omens.

B147.3.1.1. B147.3.1.1. Crickets as good omens. Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1167.

B147.3.1.2. B147.3.1.2. Bees (ants) leave honey on lips of infant to show future greatness. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B147.3.2. B147.3.2. Other animals furnish bad omens.

B147.3.2.1. B147.3.2.1. Crickets as bad omens. Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1166.

B150. B150. Oracular animals. *Hopf (L.) Tierorakel und Orakeltiere in alter und neuer Zeit (Stuttgart, 1888).--Krappe JAFL LV 228ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

B151. B151. Animal determines road to be taken. Jewish: Neuman.

B151.1. B151.1. Beast determines road to be taken.

B151.1.1. B151.1.1. Horses determine road to be taken. They are left to pick out the road themselves and to stop at the destination.--*DeCock Studien en Essays 200ff.; Wesselski Theorie 30.--Chinese: Graham.

B151.1.1.0.1. B151.1.1.0.1. Horses travel between clerics without guidance. Irish myth: Cross.

B151.1.1.0.2. B151.1.1.0.2. Horse stops where murder has occurred. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 4**.

B151.1.1.0.3. B151.1.1.0.3. Horse allowed to go as it pleases, finds unknown person. Chinese: Graham.

B151.1.1.1. B151.1.1.1. Mare with foal left behind finds road home. The foal is left so that the force of nature in the mare will discover the unknown road home.--Hdwb. d. deutschen Mдrchens s.v. “Ariadnefaden” n. 15.

B151.1.1.2. B151.1.1.2. Ass determines road to be taken. Jewish: Neuman.

B151.1.1.2.1. B151.1.1.2.1. Ass carries usurer’s body to the gallows instead of to the church. He has been denied burial in the church.--Alphabet of Tales No. 705.

B151.1.1.2.2. B151.1.1.2.2. Baalam‘s ass. Advises master that angel is barring the way. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B151.1.2. B151.1.2. Bull determines road to be taken. Irish myth: Cross.

B151.1.2.1. B151.1.2.1. Cow determines road to be taken. India: Thompson-Balys.

B151.1.3. B151.1.3. Fox determines road to be taken. India: Thompson-Balys.

B151.1.4. B151.1.4. Elephant determines road to be taken. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 603.

B151.1.5. B151.1.5. Camel determines road to be taken. Jewish: Neuman.

B151.1.6. B151.1.6. Dog indicates road to be taken. Icel.: Boberg; Wesselski Theorie 30.

B151.2. B151.2. Bird determines road to be taken.

B151.2.0.1. B151.2.0.1. Bird shows way by dropping feathers every seven steps.--Hdwb. d. deutschen Mдrchens s.v. “Ariadnefaden” n. 14.

B151.2.0.2. B151.2.0.2. Birds show way to otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

B151.2.0.3. B151.2.0.3. Bird shows way by singing. South Africa: Bourhill and Drake Fairy Tales from South Africa 237ff. No. 20.

B152. B152. Animal selects unknown person.

B152.1. B152.1. Dog indicates pregnant woman, adulteress, etc. (Cf. B121.1, B134, B153.)--English: Child I 270 n.

B152.2. B152.2. Fly indicates successful suitor. Girl to marry man on whom specially marked fly lights.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

B152.3. B152.3. Hawk lighting on man points out criminal. Korean: Zong-in-Sob 123 No. 59.

B153. B153. Dog indicates hidden treasure. *Norlind Skattsдgner 47 n. 1.--India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 180.

B153.1. B153.1. Dog indicates other hidden objects. Icel.: Boberg.

B154. B154. Animal as soothsayer.

B154.1. B154.1. Ox as soothsayer. All judgments referred to it. (Cf. B182.2.)--Persian: Carnoy 335.

B154.2. B154.2. Ant as soothsayer. Ila of Rhodesia: Smith and Dale 396.

B154.3. B154.3. Fish-eagle as soothsayer. Ila of Rhodesia: Smith and Dale 354.

B155. B155. Location determined by halting of an animal.--Irish myth: Cross. (Cf. B153.)

B155.1. B155.1. Building site determined by halting of animal. Where the animal stops the building is erected.--Fb “kvie” II 338a, “kirke” IV 258a; Sйbillot France IV 114, 127; Gьnter Christliche Legende des Abendlandes 81; Dickson Valentine and Orson 54 n. 66; *Pease Classical Philology XII (1917) 8ff.; Norden on Vergil Aeneid VI, lines 136ff.; Stemplinger Neue Jahrb. XLVII (1920) 41.--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 70 no. 598; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 125, 145, Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 82; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 133 No. 82; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 167ff., (1931) 117ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Eng., Wales: Baughman.

B155.1.0.1. B155.1.0.1. Building site determined by other action of animal. Irish myth: Cross.

B155.2. B155.2. City founded on spot where cow lies down. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 315 n. 1, II 38 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

B155.2.1. B155.2.1. Village founded on spot when cock crows, dog barks, and mithian bellows. India: Thompson-Balys.

B155.2.2. B155.2.2. Location of settlement at place a cow stops and where milk flows by itself. India: Thompson-Balys.

B155.2.3. B155.2.3. Birds indicate the place where a town (castle) is to be built. Krappe Revue de l’histoire des Religions CXIV (1936) 236--246.

B155.2.4. B155.2.4. Pursued animal indicates where city is to be built. India: Thompson-Balys.

B155.3. B155.3. Animal determines burial place of saint. Gьnter Christliche Legende des Abendlandes 55; Sloet De Dieren in het Germanische Volksgeloof in Volksgebruik 153f.; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B155.4. B155.4. Neighing of horse indicates important spot. Korean: Zong in-Sob IV No. 2.

B157. B157. Animal leads searchers.

B157.1. B157.1. Whistling of bird leads searcher. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 68.

B159. B159. Miscellaneous oracular animals.

B159.1. B159.1. Birds drop quill when man requires pen. Irish myth: Cross.

B159.2. B159.2. Horse lies down when grain of wheat falls from load. Irish myth: Cross.

B159.3. B159.3. Cleric goes with saint whom his cow follows. Irish myth: Cross.

B159.4. B159.4. Vulture‘s chicks will not eat dead hero’s leg, since they know he has been treacherously murdered. India: Thompson-Balys.

B160. B160. Wisdom-giving animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

B161. B161. Wisdom from serpent. *Cox 496 n. 32; Fb “hugormekonge” IV 225a; *Scott Thumb 173.--Irish myth: Cross.--Armenian: Ananikian 74; India: Thompson-Balys.

B161.1. B161.1. Power of soothsaying from serpents’ licking ears. (Cf. B165.1.1., B176.) Frazer Apollodorus II 48 n. 2.

B161.2. B161.2. Fortune learned from serpent. Fb “orm” II 759b.

B161.3. B161.3. Wisdom from eating serpent. (Cf. B176.)--*Scott Thumb 173; Fb “hugormekonge”; Chauvin V 255ff. No. 152.--Scotch: Campbell II 377.--Cf. Diegueсo: Du Bois AA n.s. VII 628.

B161.4. B161.4. Power of seeing whether the dead go to heaven or hell is gained from serpent. India: Thompson-Balys.

B162. B162. Wisdom from fish. (Cf. B175.)

B162.1. B162.1. Supernatural knowledge from eating magic fish. (Cf. B175.)--*Nutt FLR IV 1ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

B163. B163. Wisdom from other animal.

B163.1. B163.1. Wisdom from fox. Jewish: Neuman.

B163.1.1. B163.1.1. Wisdom from eating fox‘s heart. Jewish: Neuman.

B165. B165. Animal languages learned from animal.

B165.1. B165.1. Animal languages learned from serpent (not eaten). (Cf. B176.)--*Type 670; Aarne FFC XV 28ff.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 86 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

B165.1.1. B165.1.1. Animal languages learned by having ears licked by serpent. (Cf. B161.1.)--*Penzer VII 3 n. 2; *BP I 133.

B165.1.2. B165.1.2. Animal languages from stolen serpent’s crown. (Cf. B176.)--*Type 672A; cf. BP II 464.

B165.1.3. B165.1.3. Cobra writes letters on prince‘s tongue: “Having heard all kinds of creatures talk, you will understand them.”--India: Thompson-Balys.

B165.2. B165.2. Animal languages learned from frog. *Type 670B*; Jewish: Neuman.

B170--B189.

B170--B189. OTHER MAGIC ANIMALS

B170. B170. Magic birds, fish, reptiles, etc.

B171. B171. Magic chicken (hen, cock). India: Thompson-Balys.

B171.1. B171.1. Demi-coq. A cock is cut in two and is made magic. Carries robbers, foxes, and stream of water under wings.--*Type 715; *BP I 258.--Missouri French: Carriиre.

B171.1.0.1. B171.1.0.1. Magic cock carries great loads in his ear (load of grain, fox, tiger, bees, wasps, etc., also fire and water).--India: Thompson-Balys.

B171.1.1. B171.1.1. Demi-coq crows in king‘s body, when the king eats him.--Type 715. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B171.2. B171.2. Magic fighting cock. India: Thompson-Balys.

B172. B172. Magic bird. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 203. (Cf. B101--B103 passim, B113, B115.2, B122, B131, B141, B143, B147.2, B151.2, B155.2.3, B157.1, B159.1, B159.4, B171.)

B172.1. B172.1. Magic bird petrifies those who approach. Chauvin VI 8 No. 273 n. 1.

B172.2. B172.2. Magic bird‘s song. Brings joy and oblivion for many years. Wakes the dead.--*Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 562; Hartland Science 188f., *Krappe Bull. Hispanique XXXIX 29.--Irish myth: Cross, Plummer clxxxvi; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 104.

B172.2.1. B172.2.1. Magic bird’s song brings sleep. Irish myth: Cross.

B172.2. B172.2. Magic bird‘s song dispels grief. Irish myth: Cross.

B172.3. B172.3. Magic bird collects seeds. Sees that they are properly placed. Also carries off people’s enemies.--Persian: Carnoy 289.

B172.4. B172.4. Bird with magic bones and feathers. Persian: Carnoy 290.

B172.5. B172.5. Magic falcon gets water of life for hero. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B172.6. B172.6. Magic birds lure hunters to certain places. Irish myth: Cross.

B172.7. B172.7. Magic birds chained in couples. Irish myth: Cross.

B172.8. B172.8. Magic osprey (transformed man) produces lightning. Irish myth: Cross.

B172.9. B172.9. Magic birds cause hosts to sleep by shaking wings. Irish myth: Cross.

B172.10. B172.10. Black birds.

B172.10.1. B172.10.1. Innumerable birds (black birds) fly into and out of tower (steeple) of fire. Irish myth: Cross.

B172.11. B172.11. Bird steals island. India: Thompson-Balys.

B175. B175. Magic fish. (Cf. B107.1, B124, B144.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 82; Irish myth: Cross.

B175.1. B175.1. Magic salmon carries hero over water. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 189; Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

B175.2. B175.2. Magic tunny (grateful); carries out hero’s wish. Later he saves him from drowning and restores his sanity.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B176. B176. Magic reptile.

B176.1. B176.1. Magic serpent. (Cf. B108, B112, B123, B161--165.)--Type 516; BP I 42f. (Gr. No. 6); *Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte 184f.; Norlind Skattsдgner 41ff.; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B176.1.1. B176.1.1. Serpent as deceiver in paradise. Hebrew: Genesis 3:1; Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.--Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 269.

B176.1.2. B176.1.2. Magic snake can compress himself to minute size and expand to giant size. India: Thompson-Balys.

B177. B177. Magic amphibia.

B177.1. B177.1. Magic toad.

B177.1.1. B177.1.1. Magic toad under king‘s bed causes sickness. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX. Cf. Christiansen FFC XXIV 83.

B177.2. B177.2. Magic frog. Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 124 s.v. “Frosch”; Jewish: Neuman.

B177.3. B177.3. Magic sea-turtle sucks men to the bottom. Irish myth: Cross.

B178. B178. Magic crustacean.

B178.1. B178.1. Magic crab. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 222.

B180. B180. Magic quadrupeds.

B181. B181. Magic quadrupeds--felidae.

B181.1. B181.1. Magic cat. (Cf. B211.8, B422.)--BP 146f.; Norlind Skattsдgner 47 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross. See also references to B422.

B181.1.1. B181.1.1. Cat with remarkable powers of sight. India: Thompson-Balys.

B181.3. B181.3. Magic tiger. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 160.

B182. B182. Magic quadrupeds--canidae.

B182.1. B182.1. Magic dog. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B182.1.0.1. B182.1.0.1. Toy (lap) dogs. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.0.1.1. B182.1.0.1.1. Magic lap-dog. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.0.2. B182.1.0.2. Magic dog transformed person. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.0.3. B182.1.0.3. Magic dog transformed supernatural being. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.1. B182.1.1. Magic dog vomits any liquor required of him. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.2. B182.1.2. Magic hostile bitches issue from elf-mound. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.3. B182.1.3. Dog sight of which renders game helpless. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.3.1. B182.1.3.1. Magic whelp kills hound by springing down its throat. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.4. B182.1.4. Dog that is hound by night and sheep by day. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.5. B182.1.5. Dog that is hound by day and flame of fire by night. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.6. B182.1.6. Magic dog fragrant. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.7. B182.1.7. Magic bitches (in human form) enchanted by fairy music. Irish myth: Cross.

B182.1.8. B182.1.8. Magic brazen dog. Jewish: Neuman.

B182.2. B182.2. Magic bear. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *163, *482; Russian: Andrejev No. *160 I, 480*C.

B183. B183. Magic quadrupeds--rodentia.

B183.1. B183.1. Magic mouse. India: Thompson-Balys.

B183.1.1. B183.1.1. Magic mouse to be flayed. Mouse orders hero to flay him and to use skin for magic purposes. Later the skin is returned to the mouse.--Africa (Zulu): Calaway 97.

B183.1.2. B183.1.2. Magic mouse causes disease. Irish myth: Cross.

B184. B184. Magic quadrupeds--ungulata.

B184.1. B184.1. Magic horse.--Types 314, 502, 550; BP II 274, *III 111, 113 n. 4; *Fb “fшl”, “hest” IV 211b; Penzer VI 72 n. 1; Meyer Germanische Mythologie (1891) 105; *Jones PMLA XXIII 569; Norlind Skattsдgner 46 n. 4.--Irish myth: Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *530A, *530B, *531, *533A, *651; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cheval”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Arabian: Burton V 1ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Cape Verde Is.: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 277 No. 91, 281 No. 92. Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 68 No. 15; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 624.

B184.1.1. B184.1.1. Horse (mule) with magic speed. *Chauvin V 259 No. 154 n. 1; *Fb “hest” I 598v.--Greek: Fox 119; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 294.

B184.1.1.1. B184.1.1.1. Horse so fast fly cannot light on him. India: Thompson-Balys.

B184.1.1.2. B184.1.1.2. Horse as swift as a bird. Icel.: Boberg.

B184.1.1.3. B184.1.1.3. Swiftest horse on earth. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.1.2. B184.1.2. Magic horse goes underground. Fb “шg” III 1161b.

B184.1.3. B184.1.3. Magic horse from water world. *Chauvin VII 7; Icel.: Boberg Irish myth: Cross.--Armenian: Chalatiank Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 152; Japanese: Ikeda.

B184.1.4. B184.1.4. Magic horse travels on sea or land. Fb “hest” I 598b; Malten (J.) Jahrbuch des kl. deutschen arch. Inst. XXIX 189; Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 108; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Iliad Book 20 line 273.

B184.1.5. B184.1.5. Breath of magic horse blows off or sucks in those he pursues. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190; Irish myth: Cross.

B184.1.6. B184.1.6. Flight on magic horse. *Type 314; BP III 94ff. (Gr. No. 136). Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Missouri French: Carriиre.

B184.1.6.1. B184.1.6.1. Flight on invisible horse. Cox Cinderella 476 n. 6.

B184.1.7. B184.1.7. Magic horse avenges hero‘s death. Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

B184.1.8. B184.1.8. Immortal horse. Greek: Grote I 173.

B184.1.9. B184.1.9. Magic horse mysteriously recognized by everyone. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1 (and n. 3).

B184.1.10. B184.1.10. Magic horse makes prodigious jump. India: Thompson-Balys.

B184.1.11. B184.1.11. Magic invulnerable horse. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.1.12. B184.1.12. Magic horse goes through fire. Icel.: Boberg.

B184.2. B184.2. Magic cow (ox, bull). Krappe Balor 1; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B184.2.0.1. B184.2.0.1. Magic white cow. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.2.0.1.1. B184.2.0.1.1. Magic white cows with red ears. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.2.1. B184.2.1. Magic cow.

B184.2.1.1. B184.2.1.1. Magic cow gives extraordinary milk.

B184.2.1.1.1. B184.2.1.1.1. Magic cow gives red milk. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 2.

B184.2.1.1.2. B184.2.1.1.2. Magic cow gives impossible quantity of milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

B184.2.1.2. B184.2.1.2. Magic soldier-producing cow. Hindu: Keith 145f.

B184.2.1.3. B184.2.1.3. Cow grants all desires. Penzer II 45 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys (B109.4).

B184.2.2. B184.2.2. Magic ox. (Cf. B154.)--Types 510, 511; cf. Wesselski Mдrchen before Grimm, introd.--French Canadian: Barbeau JAF XXXIX 16.--Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 169, (Basuto): Jacottet 240 No. 35.--Cf. also the giant blue ox of Paul Bunyan (B871.1.1.).

B184.2.2.1. B184.2.2.1. Magic ox from unusual sexual union of animals. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.2.2.2. B184.2.2.2. Magic cow (ox, bull) from water world. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.2.3. B184.2.3. Magic bull. Arabian: Burton VIII 120 n., 121, XVII 366f.; Jewish: Neuman.

B184.2.3.1. B184.2.3.1. Magic bull to be flayed. The bull orders the hero (heroine) to flay him and to use his skin for magic purposes. (Cf. B192, B335, B411.1.)--Cox Cinderella 365 (Swedish).--Wyandot: Thompson CColl II 412.

B184.2.3.2. B184.2.3.2. Magic bull can be milked. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.2.3.3. B184.2.3.3. Indra sends down buffalo whose milk is offered to the saints. India: Thompson-Balys.

B184.2.4. B184.2.4. Magic ox. Jewish: Neuman.

B184.2.5. B184.2.5. Magic calf. Jewish Neuman.

B184.3. B184.3. Magic swine.

B184.3.0.1. B184.3.0.1. Magic swine issue from elf-mound. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.0.2. B184.3.0.2. Magic swine disappear underground. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.0.3. B184.3.0.3. Magic red swine. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.0.4. B184.3.0.4. Magic swine transformed person. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.0.5. B184.3.0.5. Herd of magic swine that cannot be counted twice with the same result. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.1. B184.3.1. Magic boar. Meyer Germanische Mythologie (1891) 102; Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg.

B184.3.1.1. B184.3.1.1. Magic boar drowns houndpack. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.2. B184.3.2. Magic pig.

B184.3.2.1. B184.3.2.1. Magic invisible pig. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.2.2. B184.3.2.2. Magic pig turns water into wine for nine days. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.3.2.3. B184.3.2.3. Skin of magic pig heals wounds. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.4. B184.4. Magic deer. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.5. B184.5. Magic goat.

B184.5.1. B184.5.1. Magic fighting goat. India: Thompson-Balys.

B184.6. B184.6. Magic sheep. Irish myth: Cross.

B184.6.1. B184.6.1. Wethers leap from well; payment for saint’s baptism. Irish myth: Cross.

B190. B190. Magic animals: miscellaneous motifs.

B191. B191. Animal as magician. (Cf. B154.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

B191.1. B191.1. Weasel as conjurer. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 321 No. 74.

B191.2. B191.2. Ox-demon as magician. Chinese: Werner 361.

B191.3. B191.3. Tiger as magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

B191.4. B191.4. Rat gives magic medicine. India: Thompson-Balys.

B191.5. B191.5. Hedgehog builds castle. Icel.: Boberg.

B191.6. B191.6. Bird as magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

B191.7. B191.7. Serpent as magician. Jewish: Neuman.

B192. B192. Magic animal killed. Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 161 No. 27.

B192.0.1. B192.0.1. Magic birds die when owner is killed. Irish myth: Cross.

B192.1. B192.1. Magic pig burned to prevent resuscitation. Irish myth: Cross.

B192.2. B192.2. Rain-withholding deer killed: rain released. India: Thompson-Balys.

B192.3. B192.3. Treasure-producing bird killed to please a paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

B193. B193. Otter carries flaming wood in mouth. Irish myth: Cross.

B195. B195. Magic animal used by hero in contest grows bigger with every round. India: Thompson-Balys.

B200--B299.

B200--B299. Animals with human traits.

B200. B200. Animals with human traits. See in general the literature dealing with fables, with the Romance of Reynard, with the bear-fox cycle of Europe, with the rabbit fox cycle of America, etc.--Irish myth: Cross Fables: Wienert FFC LVI; Hervieux Les Fabulistes latins; Jacobs The Fables of Aesop; Jewish: Neuman; Reynard the Fox: Graf FFC XXXVIII; Bear-fox cycle: Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs JSFO VI; Dh IV; Rabbit-fox cycle: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) notes; Beckwith MAFLS XVII notes. See also Panchatantra.--Marquesas: Handy 79; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146, (Chiriguano): ibid. 161, 179.

B210. B210. Speaking animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

B210.1. B210.1. Person frightened by animals successively replying to his remarks. Example: Man riding horse and followed by dog tells horse to jump over a hole. Horse says, “I will not.” Man turns to dog and says, “Isn‘t that strange--a horse talking!” The dog says, “Yes, isn’t it.” Often the man runs, meeting other animals which answer him, until he falls exhausted.--U.S.: *Baughman.

B210.2. B210.2. Talking animal or object refuses to talk on demand. Discoverer is unable to prove his claims: is beaten.--U.S. Negro: Baughman.

B210.3. B210.3. Formerly animals and man spoke the same language. God took the power of speech from the animals because men refused to kill speaking beasts.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B211. B211. Animal uses human speech. *Chauvin VIII 126 No. 113; *BP I 331.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “animaux”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 13; Hindu: Tawney II 599; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 40 No. 28. See also references given under B200.

B211.0.1. B211.0.1. Animals speak, praising God, on the night of Christ‘s Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

B211.1. B211.1. Speaking beasts--domestic.

B211.1.1. B211.1.1. Speaking sheep. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mouton”; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B211.1.1.1. B211.1.1.1. Speaking ram. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 117; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “belier”.

B211.1.1.1.1. B211.1.1.1.1. Ram stung by hornet on Sabbath says, “Damn!” Pious owner resolves to sell it next day.--U.S.: Baughman.

B211.1.2. B211.1.2. Speaking goat. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chиvre”; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 55 No. 2.

B211.1.3. B211.1.3. Speaking horse. *Types 531, 532; BP II 274f., III 18; Penzer II 57; Fb “hest” I 598b; *Loomis White Magic 61; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Malten Jahrb. d. Kaiserl. deutschen archдologischen Inst. XXIX (1914) 203f.--Russian: v. Lцwis of Menar Russische Mдrchen 313 No. 53, Rambaud La Russie йpique 79; Lithuanian: Leskien-Brugmann Nos. 5, 9; Modern Greek: Hahn Griechische und alban. Mдrchen Nos. 6, 37; Bulgarian: Strauss Bulgarische Volksdichtungen 212, 309; Turkish: Giese Tьrkische Mдrchen 37; Hungarian: Ipolyi Zs. f. deutsche Mythologie II 270; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B211.1.3.1. B211.1.3.1. Speaking ass. Type 534*.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “вne”; Jewish: Neuman.

B211.1.3.2. B211.1.3.2. Speaking mule. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 53ff. No. 6.

B211.1.4. B211.1.4. Speaking hog. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 81 No. 1.

B211.1.4.1. B211.1.4.1. Boar sings song. Irish myth: Cross.

B211.1.5. B211.1.5. Speaking cow. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.19); Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *543, 481; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B211.1.5.1. B211.1.5.1. Speaking ox. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 812.

B211.1.5.2. B211.1.5.2. Speaking buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.1.5.3. B211.1.5.3. Speaking bullock. India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.1.5.4. B211.1.5.4. Speaking yak. India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.1.5.5. B211.1.5.5. Speaking calf. Jewish: Neuman.

B211.1.6. B211.1.6. Speaking camel. Loomis White Magic 61; India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.1.7. B211.1.7. Speaking dog. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chien”; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Stanley 105.

B211.1.7.1. B211.1.7.1. Dog sings song. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 363.

B211.1.8. B211.1.8. Speaking cat. *Type 545; BP I 329, III 487 (Gr. No. 214).--Danish: Fb “kat” II 108b; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chats”; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 253, Ikeda; German: Grimm No. 4.

B211.2. B211.2. Speaking beast--wild.

B211.2.1. B211.2.1. Speaking stag. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cerf”

B211.2.2. B211.2.2. Speaking lion. *Loomis White Magic 59; German: Grimm No. 60, 67, 88; French-Canadian: Gautier, Sister Marie Ursule (B211.20); Moreno: Esdras (B211.15).

B211.2.2.1. B211.2.2.1. Speaking tiger. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.21); India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 41; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 155, 166.

B211.2.2.2. B211.2.2.2. Speaking jaguar. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 155.

B211.2.3. B211.2.3. Speaking bear. German: Grimm Nos. 60, 114, 161; French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.22).

B211.2.4. B211.2.4. Speaking wolf. Irish myth: Cross (B211.25); German: Grimm Nos. 8, 26, 37, 60; Jewish: Neuman.

B211.2.5. B211.2.5. Speaking fox. German: Grimm Nos. 8, 57, 60, 191; Jewish: Neuman.

B211.2.6. B211.2.6. Speaking hare (rabbit). Irish myth: Cross; German: Grimm Nos. 8, 60, 66.

B211.2.7. B211.2.7. Speaking sea-beast. Irish myth: Cross (B211.17).

B211.2.7.1. B211.2.7.1. Speaking seal. Irish myth: Cross (B211.17.1).

B211.2.8. B211.2.8. Speaking mouse. India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.2.9. B211.2.9. Speaking rat. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B211.2.10. B211.2.10. Speaking monkey. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 42.

B211.3. B211.3. Speaking bird. Type 516; *Cox 527--9; Penzer I 48; Dickson Valentine and Orson 51 n. 60; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 53; *Fb “fugl”; Krappe Hispanic Review I (1933) 67ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oiseau”.--Arabian: Burton III 126n, 129ff., SV 300; Bloomfield On Talking Birds in Hindu Fiction (Festschrift fьr Ernst Windisch) 349ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; Africa: Bouveignes 109, (Upoto): Einstein 137, (Duala): Lederbogen V 139.--Cf. Type 720 (BP I 412).

B211.3.1. B211.3.1. Speaking turkey. Zuсi: Cushing Zuсi Folk Tales 54ff.

B211.3.2. B211.3.2. Speaking cock. Fb “kok” II 248b.; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman.

B211.3.2.1. B211.3.2.1. Speaking chicken. Jewish: Neuman.

B211.3.3. B211.3.3. Speaking goose. India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.3.4. B211.3.4. -Speaking parrot. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B211.3.5. B211.3.5. Speaking dove. Greek: Grote I 355; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 181; Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 25.

B211.3.6. B211.3.6. Speaking raven. Jewish: Neuman.

B211.3.7. B211.3.7. Speaking sparrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.3.8. B211.3.8. Speaking vulture. Jewish: Neuman.

B211.3.9. B211.3.9. Speaking crow. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.10.1); India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.4. B211.4. Speaking insects.

B211.4.1. B211.4.1. Speaking ant. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.23).

B211.4.2. B211.4.2. Speaking bee. German: Grimm No. 107.

B211.5. B211.5. Speaking fish. *Type 303. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “poisson”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen VI 92.

B211.6. B211.6. Speaking reptile.

B211.6.1. B211.6.1. Speaking snake (serpent). Loomis White Magic 63; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 55. Cf. Satan in the Garden of Eden.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Missouri-French: Carriиre (B211.14).

B211.7. B211.7. Speaking amphibia.

B211.7.1. B211.7.1. Speaking frog. Cf. Type 440; BP I 1 (Gr. No. 1); Fb “frш”; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171; India: Thompson-Balys.

B211.7.2. B211.7.2. Speaking toad. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “crapaud”; Missouri-French: Carriиre (B211.13).

B212. B212. Animal understands human speech. Irish myth: Cross.

B212.0.1. B212.0.1. All kinds of animals understand the language of heaven. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B212.0.2. B212.0.2. First animals knew human language. Jewish: Neuman.

B212.1. B212.1. Fox understands human speech. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 29.

B214. B214. Animal whistles (sings, etc.) Chinese: Graham.

B214.1. B214.1. Singing animal.

B214.1.1. B214.1.1. Singing cow. Jewish: Neuman.

B214.1.2. B214.1.2. Singing boar. Irish myth: Cross (B211.5.1).

B214.1.3. B214.1.3. Singing cat. Jewish: Neuman.

B214.1.4. B214.1.4. Singing dog. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 363.

B214.1.5. B214.1.5. Singing lion. Jewish: Neuman.

B214.1.6. B214.1.6. Singing fox. Jewish: Neuman.

B214.1.7. B214.1.7. Singing frog. Jewish: Neuman.

B214.1.8. B214.1.8. Singing crab. India: Thompson-Balys.

B214.1.8.1. B214.1.8.1. Crab sings about his captivity. India: Thompson-Balys.

B214.1.9. B214.1.9. Singing mouse. Jewish: Neuman.

B214.1.10. B214.1.10. Singing snake.

B214.1.11. B214.1.11. Singing hippopotamus. Africa (Nyang): Ittman 49.

B214.1.12. B214.1.12. Singing elephant. Africa (Nyang): Ittman 49.

B214.2. B214.2. Whistling animals.

B214.2.1. B214.2.1. Whistling toad. Chinese: Graham.

B214.3. B214.3. Laughing animal.

B214.3.1. B214.3.1. Laughing toad. Chinese: Graham.

B214.4. B214.4. Weeping animal.

B214.4.1. B214.4.1. Weeping toad. Chinese: Graham.

B215. B215. Animal languages. The various animals have languages of their own. (Cf. B251.1.2.)--*Type 517, 670, 671; *BP I 131, 322, 323 n. 1; **Aarne FFC XV; *Chauvin V 180, 296.

B215.0.1. B215.0.1. Animals taught one another’s language. India: Thompson-Balys.

B215.1. B215.1. Bird language. *Types 517, 671, 781; *BP I 322; Cox 497 n. 32; *W. Seelman “Die Vogelsprachen (Vogelparlamente) der mittelalterlichen Literatur” Jahrh. d. Vereins f. niederdeutsche Sprachforschung XIV 102f; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 86 n. 2 (Melampus); Icel.: Vцlsungasaga p. 45, cf. von Sydow Fеvne; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 90a; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer *II 107, IV 145; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B215.2. B215.2. Dog language. *Type 671.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chien”.

B215.2.1. B215.2.1. Dog language understood by fox. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 29.

B215.3. B215.3. Fox language. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 29.

B215.4. B215.4. Frog language. *Type 671.

B215.5. B215.5. Serpent language. Irish myth: Cross.

B215.5.1. B215.5.1. Lizard‘s language. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B215.6. B215.6. Insects’ language. India: Thompson-Balys.

B215.6.1. B215.6.1. Ant language. India: Thompson-Balys.

B216. B216. Knowledge of animal languages. Person understands them.--*Types 517, 670, 671; *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 18; *BP I 321; Kцhler-Bolte I 145, II 340; *Grunwald Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. LXI 316; Icel.: Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “language”; Hindu: Penzer I 107 n. 1, VII 3 n. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Korean: Zong in-Sob 101 No. 55; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 68, 153, 412; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 16 No. 8; Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 427.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 227 No. 34.

B217. B217. Animal language learned. *Types 517, 670, 671, 672, 673, 670B*, 671*, BP I 132; **Aarne FFC XV; *Frazer “The Language of Animals” Archeological Review I (1888) 166 ff.; *Chauvin VIII 49 No. 17; Cox 496 n. 32.--Wesselski Morlini 314 No. 71; Gaster Exempla 248 No. 352; Wesselski Mдrchen 221 No. 35; Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

B217.1. B217.1. Animal languages learned from eating animal. Irish myth: Cross, *MacCulloch Celtic 166.

B217.1.1. B217.1.1. Animal languages learned from eating serpent. (Cf. B176.)--*Type 673; *BP I 131 (Gr. No. 17); *Cox 496 n. 32; *Norlind Skattsдgner 37ff.; **Scott Thumb; Philostratres Life of Apollonius (Loeb ed.) 57; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 17 No. 8; Icel.: Boberg.

B217.1.2. B217.1.2. Animal languages learned from eating dragon‘s heart. Smith Evolution of the Dragon 82; *BP I 131; *von Sydow Fеvne 35ff.; **Scott Thumb.

B217.2. B217.2. Animal languages learned from eating plant. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “herbe”; *Cox 496 n. 32.

B217.3. B217.3. Animal languages learned from ghosts (spirits). Gaster Exempla 248 No. 352.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99.

B217.4. B217.4. Animal languages learned from carrying churchyard mould in hat. Fb. “kirkegеrdsmuld”.

B217.5. B217.5. Bird language learned by having ears magically cleansed. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 363 n. 2 (Athena and Tiresius).

B217.6. B217.6. Animal languages learned by exchanging tongues with helpful dragon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B217.7. B217.7. Stone deity (image of) confers upon man powers of understanding animal language. India: Thompson-Balys.

B217.8. B217.8. Language of animals learned by Adam from Eve. Jewish: Neuman.

B220. B220. Animal kingdom (or community). Wienert FFC LVI 47 (classic fables).--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ville”.--India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 348 n. 253a.

B221. B221. Animal kingdom--quadrupeds.

B221.1. B221.1. Kingdom of monkeys. Chauvin VII 40 No. 153; India: Thompson-Balys.

B221.2. B221.2. Kingdom of rats. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

B221.2.1. B221.2.1. Procurator of rats. Serpent has the office.--Fb “lindorm” II 433a.

B221.3. B221.3. Land of lions. Icel.: Boberg.

B221.4. B221.4. Land of elephants. Icel.: Boberg.

B221.5. B221.5. Land of mice. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B221.6. B221.6. Land of tigers.

B221.6.1. B221.6.1. Village of wer-tigers. India: Thompson-Balys.

B222. B222. Kingdom (land) of birds. Arabian: Burton Nights VIII 91; Japanese: Anesaki 324, Ikeda.

B222.1. B222.1. Land of pigeons. India: Thompson-Balys

B222.2. B222.2. Land of peacocks. India: Thompson-Balys.

B222.3. B222.3. Land of parakeets. India: Thompson-Balys.

B222.4. B222.4. Land of parrots. India: Thompson-Balys.

B223. B223. Kingdom of fishes. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Hartland Science 174, Ikeda.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 342 n. 236.

B223.1. B223.1. Kingdom of sharks. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 140.

B224. B224. Kingdom of insects.

B224.1. B224.1. Kingdom of ants. Chauvin VII 40 No. 153 n. 3; Jewish: Neuman.

B225. B225. Kingdom of reptiles.

B225.1. B225.1. Kingdom of serpents. Icel.: Boberg; Chauvin V 256f. No. 152; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 388.

B225.1.1. B225.1.1. Snake kingdom under the sea.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B226. B226. Kingdom of amphibia.

B226.1. B226.1. Community of toads. German: Grimm Nos. 63, 127.

B226.2. B226.2. Community of frogs. Jewish: Neuman.

B230. B230. Parliament of animals. E. Voigt “Odo de Ciringtonis und seine Quellen” Zs. f. d. Alterthum XXIII (N.F. XI) 283; Africa: Stanley 222, (Fang): Trilles 176, Tessman 54, (Wute): Sieber 205, (Duala): Ebding 142, (Wakweli): Bender 62; India: Thompson-Balys.

B232. B232. Parliament of birds. (Cf. B236.1, B238.)--Type 220; *BP III 278ff.--*Robinson Complete Works of Chaucer 900ff.; T. Wright The Owl and the Nightingale (Percy Society, 1834); Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oiseaux”; Hindu: *Penzer V 100 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys;--Seneca (Indians): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 695 No. 133.

B232.1. B232.1. St. Valentine’s Day for bird assembly. Sartori Sitte u. Brauch III 88; M. Hцfler Das Jahr im oberbayerischen Volksleben (Mьnchen 1899) 11; G. L. Gomme (ed) Mother Bunch‘s Closet Newly Broke Open (Leipzig 1839) II (1) 357f.; E. Schrцder Korrespondenzblatt des Vereins f. niederdeutsche Sprachforschung XXXVI (1917--1918) 77; *Seelman (cf. B215 above); Sдchs “Das Regiment der anderthalbhundert Vцgel” (Stuttgart Verein CV) 278ff.

B233. B233. Parliament of fishes. (Cf. B236.2.)--*BP III 284 (Gr. No. 172); *Dh IV 192 ff.

B233.1. B233.1. Council of fishes decide to get rid of men (who eat fish). India: Thompson-Balys.

B234. B234. School of animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

B235. B235. Secrets discussed in animal meeting. *Type 613; *BP II 481 (Gr. Nos. 6, 55, 88, 125, 119a); **Christiansen FFC XXIV; Fb “bjшrn” IV 43a; Bloomfield Am. Journ. of Philology XLI 309ff.; Bloomfield in Penzer VII viii;--Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

B236. B236. Animal parliament elects king. *Type 221; *Dh IV 192ff.; *BP III 278, 284 (Gr. Nos. 171, 172); Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 59--63); Penzer V100 n. 1.--Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 280, (Angola): Chatelain 211 Nos. 32, 33.

B236.0.1. B236.0.1. Animal king chosen as result of a contest. Type 221; *BP III 278; Dh IV 169ff.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 155 No. 30.

B236.1. B236.1. Election of king of birds. (Cf. B232.)--*Type 221; *BP III 278 (Gr. No. 171); Penzer V 100ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 304; Bшdker Exempler 293 No. 53; Japanese: Ikeda.

B236.2. B236.2. Election of king of fishes. (Cf. B233, B243.)--*BP III 284 (Gr. No. 172); *Dh IV 192ff.

B237. B237. Drinking-bout assembly of animals. Dh II 298ff.; Riegler Wцrter und Sachen VI (1914--15) 194f.

B238. B238. Animal council assigns place and work to all.

B238.1. B238.1. Bird council assigns place and work to all. Eagle as judge. (Cf. B232).--Type 220. Cf. Chaucer “Parlement of Foules”.

B238.2. B238.2. Bird council assigns coats to different birds. India: Thompson-Balys.

B239. B239. Parliament of animals--miscellaneous.

B239.1. B239.1. Election of fox as mediator to appease angry lion. Jewish: Neuman.

B240. B240. King of animals. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “roi”, “bкtes”, Fb “konge” II 265a; Jataka Index s.v. “king”; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

B240.1. B240.1. Bear as king of animals. *Fb “bjшrn” IV 42b.

B240.2. B240.2. Rabbit as king of animals. Chuh (Indians of Guatemala): Kunst JAFL XXVIII 353 No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

B240.3. B240.3. Wild man as king of animals. Chinese: Werner 392.

B240.4. B240.4. Lion as king of animals. (Cf. K961, K962, K1632.)--Wienert FFC LVI 47; Benfey Panchatantra I 91, 230; Bшdker Exempler 277 No. 17, 303 No. 74; Jewish: Neuman; Graf FFC XXXVII passim; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

B240.4.1. B240.4.1. Minister of lion-king a crane. India: Thompson-Balys.

B240.5. B240.5. Tortoise as king of animals. Africa (Mbundu): Bell JAFL XXXV 135ff. No. 15.

B240.6. B240.6. Gazelle as king of animals. Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialspr. IV 195f. No. 8.

B240.7. B240.7. Buffalo as king of animals. Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialspr. IV 198ff. No. 10.

B240.8. B240.8. Fox as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.

B240.9. B240.9. Dog as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.

B240.10. B240.10. Wolf as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.

B240.11. B240.11. Camel as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.

B240.12. B240.12. Monkey as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.

B240.13. B240.13. Tiger as king of animals. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

B240.14. B240.14. Elephant as king of animals. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Trilles 175, (Cameroon): Mansfield passim.

B240.15. B240.15. Crocodile as king of animals. Africa (Fang): Trilles 158.

B241. B241. King of beasts (quadrupeds).

B241.1. B241.1. Various beasts as king of beasts.

B241.2. B241.2. King of the various kinds of beasts.

B241.2.1. B241.2.1. King of lions. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “roi”; Malone PMLA XLIII 409.

B241.2.2. B241.2.2. King of monkeys. Cowell Jataka III 225 No. 407; Penzer V 127ff.; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 287; Chinese: Eberhard 40 No. 27, 411 s.v. “Affenkцnig”.

B241.2.3. B241.2.3. King of cats. Fb “kattekonge”.--English: Jacobs More Eng. 237; Irish myth: Cross.

B241.2.4. B241.2.4. King of rats. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “rats”; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 28 No. 12.

B241.2.5. B241.2.5. King of mice. English: Jacobs English 82 No. 17; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B241.2.6. B241.2.6. King of hares. Penzer V 101f.; Bшdker Exempler 294 No. 54.

B241.2.7. B241.2.7. King of dogs. Fb “hund” IV 227b.

B241.2.8. B241.2.8. King of tigers. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair West African Folk-Tales 105ff. No. 19.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B241.2.8.1. B241.2.8.1. Newly-born divine twins cared for by mother-of-tigers. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 161.

B241.2.9. B241.2.9. King of jackals. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B241.2.10. B241.2.10. King of deer. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 69.

B241.2.11. B241.2.11. King of elephants. Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 275, 308; Wienert FFC LVI 47; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 415, 483, 921.

B241.2.12. B241.2.12. King of the boars. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 986, II 819f.

B241.2.13. B241.2.13. King of antelopes. India: Thompson-Balys.

B241.2.14. B241.2.14. King of mongooses. Africa (Ganda): Rowling Tales of Sir Apolo 44ff.

B241.3. B241.3. Man transformed to beast becomes leader of herd. Irish myth: Cross.

B242. B242. King of birds. *Type 221; *BP III 278 (Gr. No. 171).--Irish myth: Cross; Bшdker Exempler 293, No. 52.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oiseaux”; Missouri-French: Carriиre; English: Jacobs English 82 No. 17; Hindu: Tawney I 183, II 65 n.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 40, 437.

B242.1. B242.1. Various birds as king of birds.

B242.1.1. B242.1.1. Eagle king of birds. BP III 279; Icel.: Boberg.

B242.1.2. B242.1.2. Wren king of birds. Wins contest for kingship. (Cf. B236.1.)--*Type 221; *BP III 278 (Gr. No. 171); Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

B242.1.2.1. B242.1.2.1. Wren as “druid of the birds” (drui йn). Irish myth: Cross.

B242.1.3. B242.1.3. Hornbill king of birds. India: Thompson-Balys.

B242.1.4. B242.1.4. Pelican as king of birds. Africa (Duala): Gehr Zs. f. Kolonialspr. VII 25ff.

B242.1.5. B242.1.5. Shrike as king of birds. Madagascar (Merina): Renel Contes de Madagascar II 160ff. No. 100.

B242.1.6. B242.1.6. Jackdaw king of birds. Wienert FFC LVI 47.

B242.1.7. B242.1.7. Peacock king of birds. Wienert FFC LVI 47.

B242.1.8. B242.1.8. Owl as king of birds. India: Thompson-Balys.

B242.1.9. B242.1.9. Swan as king of birds. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 8.

B242.1.10. B242.1.10. Ziz as king of birds. Jewish: Neuman.

B242.2. B242.2. King of the various kinds of birds.

B242.2.1. B242.2.1. King of crows. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “corbeaux”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B242.2.2. B242.2.2. King of doves. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B242.2.3. B242.2.3. King of kites. India: Thompson-Balys.

B242.2.4. B242.2.4. King of pigeons. India: Thompson-Balys.

B242.2.5. B242.2.5. King of peacocks. India: Thompson-Balys.

B242.2.6. B242.2.6. King of quails. India: Thompson-Balys.

B242.2.7. B242.2.7. King of sparrows. India: Thompson-Balys.

B242.2.8. B242.2.8. King of parrots. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 572.

B242.2.9. B242.2.9. King of geese. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 948, II 581.

B242.2.10. B242.2.10. King of swans. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 98, 210, 242, 447.

B242.2.11. B242.2.11. King of vultures. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 269.

B242.2.12. B242.2.12. King of larks. Crane Vitry I No. 4.

B243. B243. King of fishes. (Cf. B236.2.) *Type 303; *BP I 528, III 284 (Gr. No. 172); *Dh IV 192ff.; Hartland Science 174.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “poisson”; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 65 No. 3; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 6, 52.

B243.1. B243.1. Various fishes as king of fishes.

B243.1.1. B243.1.1. Herring as king of fishes. *BP III 284, 285 n. I (Gr. No. 172).

B243.1.2. B243.1.2. Eel as king of fishes. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 6.

B243.1.3. B243.1.3. Shark as king of fishes. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth.

B243.2. B243.2. King of various kinds of fishes.

B243.2.1. B243.2.1. King of salmon. Japanese: Hartland Science 174.

B243.2.2. B243.2.2. King of eels. Fb “еl” III 1190b.

B244. B244. King of reptiles.

B244.1. B244.1. King of serpents (snakes). *Type 672; BP II 463f.; *Fb “snogekonge” III 437b, “lindorm” II 433 b, “hugormekonge” I 667.--Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 213ff., (1928) 139ff.--Hindu: Keith 154; Penzer VI 29; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 27, 64, 230, 1149, II 529, 556; Chinese: Eberhard 17 No. 8; Zanzibar: Bateman 202 No. 10.

B244.1.1. B244.1.1. Queen of watersnakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

B244.1.2. B244.1.2. Serpent king resides in lake. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 981.

B244.1.3. B244.1.3. Gigantic hood of serpent king. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 796.

B244.1.4. B244.1.4. Four royal families of snakes. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 231.

B244.2. B244.2. Naga-king. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 694.

B244.3. B244.3. King of lizards. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 657.

B245. B245. King of amphibians.

B245.1. B245.1. King of frogs. Type 440, Grimm No. 1; BP I 1ff.; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 369; Bшdker Exempler 297 No. 61; Cosquin Йtudes 530; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “roi”, “grenouille”.--English: Jacobs English 237; Hindu: Keith 147; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard 76 No. 43.

B245.2. B245.2. Turtle king. India: Thompson-Balys.

B246. B246. King of insects.

B246.1. B246.1. King of ants. Fb “myre”.

B246.2. B246.2. King (sultan) of flies. Africa (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVIII 183ff., No. 1.

B246.3. B246.3. King of bees. Chinese: Eberhard 102 No. 59.

B248. B248. King of dragons. Chinese: Graham.

B250. B250. Religious animals. Gьnter Christliche Legende des Abendlandes 80ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 334; Jewish: Neuman.

B251. B251. Animals praise or worship.

B251.1. B251.1. Animals rejoice at Christ‘s birth. Irish myth: Cross; English: Child V 485 s.v. “joy”.

B251.1.1. B251.1.1. Animals worship infant Jesus. *Dh II 12ff.--Alphabet No. 554.--Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B251.1.2. B251.1.2. Animals speak to one another at Christmas. DeCock Volkskunde XXI 52ff.; Luzel Lйgendes Chretiennes de la Basse Bretagne II 333; Tille Die Geschichte der deutschen Weinacht 66f.; Wossidlo Mecklenbьrgische Volksьberlieferung II (1) 59, 369; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *748; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 47 No. 237; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 637.

B251.1.2.1. B251.1.2.1. Cock crows, “Christus natus est.” English: Child I 240ff., 505f., II 501, IV 451f.

B251.1.2.2. B251.1.2.2. Cows speak to one another on Christmas. (Cf. B215.)--Fb “ko” II 240b.

B251.1.2.3. B251.1.2.3. Cows kneel in stable at midnight of Eve of Old Christmas. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

B251.2. B251.2. Animals honor saint (cleric). Irish myth: Cross (B251.13).

B251.2.1. B251.2.1. Animals sing in honor of a saint. Kцhler-Bolte I 148; Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.2. B251.2.2. Fish perform races as welcome to saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.3. B251.2.3. Wolves lick saint‘s shoes. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.4. B251.2.4. Fly habitually buzzes when cleric returns from matins. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.5. B251.2.5. Birds beat waters with wings as welcome to saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.6. B251.2.6. Deer lick saint’s tomb daily at noon. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.6.1. B251.2.6.1. Water-monsters lick saint‘s feet. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.6.2. B251.2.6.2. Cow licks saint’s feet. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.7. B251.2.7. Wild animals as saint‘s disciples. *Loomis White Magic 63.

B251.2.7.1. B251.2.7.1. Fish come in great numbers to the bank of a stream in order to hear Anthony of Padua preach. *Loomis White Magic 70.

B251.2.8. B251.2.8. Sea-monster honors saint above all others. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.9. B251.2.9. Birds lament saint’s departure. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.10. B251.2.10. Cow gives twelve measures of milk for the twelve apostles of Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.10.1. B251.2.10.1. Brilliantly white cow comes to be milked for infant saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.2.11. B251.2.11. Lion lies down at feet of saint. Saintyves Saints Successeurs 133.

B251.2.12. B251.2.12. Birds take part at saint‘s funeral. Jewish: Neuman.

B251.3. B251.3. Animals sing songs of praise. Jewish: Neuman (cow, cat, lion, mouse, cock, vulture, fish, frog); Irish myth: Cross.

B251.3.1. B251.3.1. Birds in otherworld sing religious songs. Patch PMLA XXXIII 626 n. 89; Irish myth: Cross.

B251.4. B251.4. Animals pray. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B251.4.1. B251.4.1. Beast invokes saint’s protection. Irish myth: Cross.

B251.4.1.1. B251.4.1.1. Wild beast seeks protection of saint against hunters. *Loomis White Magic 61f.

B251.5. B251.5. Animals fast. Irish myth: Cross (B251.4).

B251.6. B251.6. Animals keep religious precepts. India: Thompson-Balys.

B251.7. B251.7. Animal makes religious oath.

B251.7.1. B251.7.1. Wolf swears by God. Jewish: Neuman.

B251.8. B251.8. Animals observe sacred revelation.

B251.8.1. B251.8.1. Singing of birds ceases at time of revelation. Jewish: Neuman.

B251.9. B251.9. Animals make religious responses. Jewish: Neuman.

B251.10. B251.10. Animals lick Christ-child. Irish myth: Cross.

B252. B252. Animal churchmen.

B252.1. B252.1. Animal monks. Irish: Plummer Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae cxli.; Irish myth: Cross.

B252.2. B252.2. Birds (in otherworld) call at canonical hours. Irish myth: Cross.

B252.3. B252.3. Priest of snakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

B253. B253. Animals perform offices of church.

B253.1. B253.1. Snakes have mass. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 34.

B253.2. B253.2. Wolves have annual (church) feast. Irish myth: Cross.

B253.3. B253.3. Fox fasts as penance. (cf. B251.4.)--Irish myth: Cross.

B253.4. B253.4. Spider performs penance. India: Thompson-Balys.

B253.5. B253.5. The deer with a cross carried between their horns. *Loomis White Magic 61.

B253.6. B253.6. Deer with candles on the tops of their antlers. *Loomis White Magic 61.

B255. B255. Miracle wrought for animal. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B256. B256. Animal as servant of saint. (Cf. B292.)--*Loomis White Magic 63; Irish myth: Cross; Irish: Plummer cxliiff.

B256.0.1. B256.0.1. Animal deluded by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.1. B256.1. Birds nest in saint‘s hand (cowl).--Saints’ legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi.; Irish myth: Cross.

B256.1.1. B256.1.1. Birds perch on hands and head of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.2. B256.2. St. Anthony‘s pigs. Pigs dedicated to saint held sacred.--Italian. Novella: Rotunda.

B256.3. B256.3. Deer makes its horns available as a bookholder to a saint. *Loomis White Magic 61.

B256.3.1. B256.3.1. Deer furnish bier and bear saint’s corpse to church. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.4. B256.4. Domesticated wolves. *Loomis White Magic 60.

B256.4.1. B256.4.1. Wolves guard saint‘s cattle like watchdogs when he is absent. *Loomis White Magic 59.

B256.5. B256.5. Obedience of the feathered creatures to the commands of saint. *Loomis White Magic 67f.

B256.5.1. B256.5.1. Birds protect saint and serve him. *Loomis White Magic 68.

B256.6. B256.6. Boar serves saint. (Cf. B183.)--Irish myth: Cross.

B256.6.1. B256.6.1. Boar guards holy man’s swine. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.6.2. B256.6.2. Boar makes music for holy man. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.6.3. B256.6.3. Boar acts as physician for holy man: licks his wounded feet. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.7. B256.7. Tiger sweeps temple for saint. India: Thompson-Balys.

B256.8. B256.8. Saint’s prayer causes wolf to bring back child. Saintyves: Saints Successeurs 129.

B256.9. B256.9. Stags plow for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.10. B256.10. Fly, wren, fox live with cleric. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.11. B256.11. Wolf returns sheep stolen from saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B256.12. B256.12. Whale raises back so that voyaging clerics can land to celebrate. Easter Irish myth: Cross.

B257. B257. Animal funeral. *Type 2021; *BP II 146 (Gr. No. 80).

B259. B259. Miscellaneous religious animals.

B259.1. B259.1. Ass insists upon payment of tithes. When stolen by thieves, the ass refuses to eat for three days because the thieves‘ provender has not been tithed.--Hebrew: Gaster Exempla 228 No. 235; Jewish: Neuman.

B259.2. B259.2. Sabbath-keeping cow. Refuses to work on Sabbath.--Jewish: Bin Gorion Born Judas@2 II 92, *342; Jewish: Neuman.

B259.3. B259.3. Hog will not accept food from excommunicated men. Alphabet No. 312.

B259.4. B259.4. Bees build church of wax to contain consecrated host. (Cf. A2012.1.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 150, 469 n. 112; Alphabet No. 695.--*Loomis White Magic 65.--Irish myth: Cross.

B259.4.1. B259.4.1. Animals refrain from spoiling consecrated food. Irish myth: Cross.

B259.5. B259.5. Bird’s wings drip blood when birds hear of Day of Judgment. Irish myth: Cross.

B260. B260. Animal warfare. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 64--68).

B260.1. B260.1. Two groups of animals make peace treaty. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 213 No. 1 (18); Shuswap: Teit JE II 658f.

B261. B261. War of birds and quadrupeds. *Type 222; BP II 435 (Gr. No. 102); *Dh III 3ff., 226, IV 197ff.--Crane Vitry No. 153; Scala Celi No. 417. Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa: Frobenius Atlantis VIII 253, IX 115, XI 128.

B261.1. B261.1. Bat in war of birds and quadrupeds. Because of ambiguous form joins first one side and then the other. Discredited.--Wienert FFC LVI *48 (ET 66, 67), *52 (ET 166), 134 (ST 398, 399); Halm Aesop Nos. 307, 391; Dh IV 197ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Benga): Nassau 163 No. 21, (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 281, Thomas 161 (hornbill), (Mpongwe): Nassau 53 No. 8 (crocodile), (Yoruba): Ellis 252 No. 3.

B261.1.1. B261.1.1. Tame elephant not accepted by wild brethren. India: Thompson-Balys.

B262. B262. War between domestic and wild animals. *Type 104; *BP I 425.--Japanese: Ikeda.

B263. B263. War between other groups of animals.

B263.1. B263.1. War between toads and frogs. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “crapauds”.

B263.2. B263.2. War between elephants and ants. Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 132.

B263.3. B263.3. War between crows and owls.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Hindu: Penzer V 98--113.--Panchatantra III intr. (tr. Ryder) 291ff; Bшdker Exempler 293 No. 52.

B263.4. B263.4. War between birds and reptiles. India: Thompson-Balys.

B263.5. B263.5. War between groups of birds. Irish myth: Cross.

B263.5.1. B263.5.1. War between birds and eagle. Jewish: Neuman.

B263.6. B263.6. War of monkeys and grasshoppers. Chinese: Graham.

B263.7. B263.7. War between serpents and storks. Jewish: Neuman.

B263.8. B263.8. War between lion and other animals. Jewish: Neuman.

B264. B264. Single combat between animals. Wienert FFC LVI 48.--Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 116.--Icel.: *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

B264.1. B264.1. Fight between animal and houndpack. Irish myth: Cross.

B264.2. B264.2. Fight between eagle and fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

B264.3. B264.3. Duel of buffalo and tiger. Buffalo arms self.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B264.4. B264.4. Fight between snake and millipede. Chinese: Eberhard 32 No. 18.

B264.5. B264.5. Fight between ape and tortoise. Africa (Togo): Einstein 15f.

B265. B265. Animals continually rend each other. Irish myth: Cross.

B266. B266. Animals fight. Irish myth: Cross.

B266.1. B266.1. Thirsty cattle fight over well. Irish myth: Cross.

B267. B267. Animal allies. (Cf. A2493.)

B267.1. B267.1. Alliance of dog and wolf. Jewish: Neuman.

B267.2. B267.2. Alliance of sheep and dog. Jewish: Neuman.

B267.3. B267.3. Alliance of raven and crow. Jewish: Neuman.

B267.4. B267.4. Alliance of cock and seafowl. Jewish: Neuman.

B268. B268. Animal soldiers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B268.1. B268.1. Army of apes. Hindu: Keith 128; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 328 (monkeys).

B268.2. B268.2. Cavalry of dogs. Chauvin VII 40 No. 153.

B268.2.1. B268.2.1. War-dogs. Icel.: *Boberg.

B268.3. B268.3. War-elephants. Icel.: *Boberg.

B268.4. B268.4. Sorcerer’s army of magic animals. Icel.: Юiрriks saga II 271, *Boberg.

B268.5. B268.5. Army of birds. India: Thompson-Balys.

B268.5.1. B268.5.1. Army of quails. Jewish: Neuman.

B268.6. B268.6. Army of mice. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B268.7. B268.7. Army of snakes. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 121.

B268.7.1. B268.7.1. Army of snakes and scorpions. Jewish: Neuman.

B268.8. B268.8. Insect army. India: Thompson-Balys.

B268.8.1. B268.8.1. Army of hornets. Jewish: Neuman.

B268.8.2. B268.8.2. Army of locusts. Jewish: Neuman.

B268.8.3. B268.8.3. Army of wasps. Jewish: Neuman.

B268.9. B268.9. Army of tigers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B268.10. B268.10. Army of cows. India: Thompson-Balys.

B268.11. B268.11. Army of cats. India: Thompson-Balys.

B268.12. B268.12. Army of boars. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 819.

B268.13. B268.13. Army of hyenas. Africa: Stanley 261.

B270. B270. Animals in legal relations. **Cabanиs Les animaux en justice (L‘indiscretions de l’histoire, 5e serie, procedures singuliиres, Paris, 1920), **Lossouarn Les animaux en justice aux temps jadis (Bordeaux 1905).--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Bшdker Exempler 289 No. 40, 294 No. 55.; Jewish: Neuman.

B270.1. B270.1. Lawsuit between the owl and kite. India: Thompson-Balys.

B270.2. B270.2. Lawsuit between owl and mouse. Africa. (Wakweli): Bender 38.

B271. B271. Animals as plaintiffs.

B271.1. B271.1. Parrot and sparrow argue right to inherit property left by man. Sparrow says his interests are the same as man‘s; parrot says that he caused all man’s wealth, since man sold his feathers. People‘s decision for parrot.--Africa (Fang): Nassau 237 No. 5.

B271.2. B271.2. Grain as damages for injury to cat. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 10.

B271.3. B271.3. Animals ring bell and demand justice. A king has a bell which petitioners for justice may ring and thus summon him. The bell is rung by a serpent which is being menaced by a turtle (or by an old horse who wishes to complain against a cruel master).--*Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 648; *Wesselski Theorie 20; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B272. B272. Animals as defendants in court. **Jacoby Zs. f. Vksk. XXIII (1913) 184.

B272.1. B272.1. Lawsuit against animals. *Saintyves RTP XXVII 155.

B272.2. B272.2. Animal tried for crime. *Evans (E.P.) The criminal Prosecution and Capital punishment of Animals (New York 1926), von Amira (K). Tierstrafen und Tierprozesse (Innsbruck, 1891); *Mittheilungen d. Instituts f. цster. Geschichtsforsch. XII (1891) 545; *H. A. Berkenhoff Tierstrafe, Tierbannung und rechtsrituelle Tiertцtung im Mittelalter (Strassburg 1937, diss.); Fb “stжvne”.

B272.2.1. B272.2.1. Horse tried for crime. *Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 215ff.

B274. B274. Animal as judge. Africa: Milligan 98. (See all references to J1172.3. and J1130. Cleverness in law court.)

B275. B275. Animal punished. Wesselski Nasreddin I 208 No. 11, II 186 No. 356.--*Von Amira Tierstrafen und Tierprozesse (Innsbruck, 1891); Jewish: Neuman.

B275.1. B275.1. Animal executed for crime. *Frazer Old Testament III 415--445; *Wesselski Mдrchen 231; **Evans The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals (New York, 1906); Grimm Rechtsaltertьmer II 235; Sйbillot France III 27; Wilken Verspreide Geschriften IV 181ff.; Jewish: Neuman.

B275.1.1. B275.1.1. Horse executed for crime. *Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 215ff.

B275.1.2. B275.1.2. Fox executed for thefts. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 29.

B275.1.3. B275.1.3. Wolf executed for thefts.

B275.1.3.1. B275.1.3.1. Man hangs wolf who has eaten sheep left in his charge. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B275.1.3.2. B275.1.3.2. Wolves and wild pigs condemned to death in lion’s court for killing and eating sheep. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B275.2. B275.2. Excommunication of animal. *Saintyves RTP XXVII 155.

B275.3. B275.3. Animals eating corpse of holy man die. Irish myth: Cross.

B275.4. B275.4. Animal’s revenge for being criticized by a bird: nest destroyed.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B276. B276. Animal jury. Africa (Baukon): Ittman 89f.

B278. B278. Captured animal ransoms self. *Type 159; Chauvin VI 147 No. 304, VIII 148 No. 146 note 1.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

B279. B279. Covenant with animals. Irish myth: Cross.

B279.1. B279.1. Saint makes covenant with wolves. Irish myth: Cross.

B279.2. B279.2. Attitudes of animals toward oath. Jewish: Neuman.

B280. B280. Animal weddings. RTP V 16, VIII 552, JAFL XXXV 392ff.--Japanese: Anesaki 334f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

B281. B281. Beast wedding.

B281.1. B281.1. Wedding of fox and hyena. Fox refuses to marry hyena, since, according to belief, hyena yearly changes sex.--Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 251), 131 (ST 376, 401); Halm Aesop No 405.

B281.2. B281.2. Wedding of mouse. (See B284.1.1.)

B281.2.1. B281.2.1. Wedding of mouse and weasel. Estonian: Neus Esthnische Volkslieder 352 No. 98C; Greek: Passow Pop. Carmina Graeciae Recentioris 458 No. 623.

B281.2.2. B281.2.2. Wedding of mouse and cockroach. India: Thompson-Balys.

B281.3. B281.3. Wedding of wolf. Slavic: Wenzig Westslavischer-Mдrchenschatz 242ff. (goat); Wendish: Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden I 386 (goat); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *91; India: Thompson-Balys.

B281.4. B281.4. Wedding of lynx. Lettish: Ulmann Lettische Volkslieder 136 No. 431 (marten), Baton Chansons nationales latviennes I@2 (Riga 1922) No. 2685 (marten).

B281.5. B281.5. Wedding of marten. (See B281.4.)

B281.6. B281.6. Wedding of pig. Rhaetian: Decurtins “Eine rдtoromanische Ballade” Schweizerisches Archiv f. Vksk. XX 93f. (mole).

B281.7. B281.7. Wedding of ass. French: Arnaudin Chants pop. de la Grande-Lande I 365ff.

B281.8. B281.8. Wedding of squirrel. French: Mйlusine I (1878) 287 (ant).

B281.9. B281.9. Wedding of cat. (See B282.4.2.)

B281.9.1. B281.9.1. The cat as vixen‘s husband. Frightens the other wild animals invited by the vixen. (Cf. K2324.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *103A.

B281.10. B281.10. Wedding of monkey. India: Thompson-Balys.

B281.11. B281.11. Wedding of rat.

B281.11.1. B281.11.1. Wedding of rat and cockroach. India: Thompson-Balys.

B282. B282. Bird wedding. *RTP V 15; *Fb “шrn” III 1183b; *Hdwb. d. Aberglaubens s.v. “Vogelhochzeit”; Mйlusine I 193, 287, 553; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B282.1. B282.1. Wedding of turkey and peacock. All birds invited except eagle. This omission starts great conflict.--*Type 224; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XII 169.

B282.2. B282.2. Wedding of eagle with another bird. Wendish: Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden II 144 No. 194 (kite).

B282.2.1. B282.2.1. Wedding of eagle and kite. Kite promises to secure ostrich as attendant. Fails and is put to shame.--Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 250), 100 (ST 139); Thiele Der lateinische Дsop des Romulus 96.

B282.3. B282.3. Wedding of lark and another bird.

B282.3.1. B282.3.1. Wedding of lark and nightingale. German: Wossidlo Mechlenbьrgische Volksьberlieferungen II (1) 255 No. 1675; Lettish: Baton Chansons nationales latviennes (Riga 1922) No. 2696.

B282.3.2. B282.3.2. Wedding of lark and cuckoo. French: Perroud RTP V 15.

B282.3.3. B282.3.3. Wedding of lark and sparrow. French: Tiersot RTP I 3f.

B282.3.4. B282.3.4. Wedding of lark and pigeon. French: Lembert Chants et Chansons du Languedoc I 332.

B282.3.5. B282.3.5. Wedding of lark and spotted woodpecker. Lettish: Andrejanoff Lettische Volkslieder 45 No. 134.

B282.3.6. B282.3.6. Wedding of lark and finch. French: Daymard Vieux chants recueilles en Quercy 106ff., Kuhff Les Enfantines 178, Lambert Chants et Chansons du Languedoc I 327ff.; Catalonian: Mila y Fontanals Romancerillo Catalбn 398f.

B282.4. B282.4. Wedding of owl.

B282.4.1. B282.4.1. Wedding of owl and another bird. French: Arnandin Chants pop. de la Grande-Lande I 350ff. (goat-sucker); Slavic: Herder Stimmen der Vцlker (Slavische Lieder No. 23) (wren).

B282.4.2. B282.4.2. Wedding of owl and cat. English: Mother Goose rhymes.

B282.5. B282.5. Wedding of finch with another bird. (Cf. B285.1.)--French: Rolland Faune Populaire de la France II 180ff. (greenfinch), 182ff. (goldfinch); Canadian: Gagnon Chansons pop. du Canada 279ff.

B282.6. B282.6. Wedding of goldfinch with another bird. French: Rolland Faune pop. de la France II 182ff. (finch), Bladй poйsies pop. de la Gascogne III 104ff. (finch); Ukranian: Chodzko Les chants historiques de l’Ukraine 12f. No. 10.

B282.7. B282.7. Wedding of bullfinch with another bird. Russian: Ralston Songs of the Russian People 11f. (quail).

B282.8. B282.8. Wedding of titmouse with another bird. French: Wallonia V (1897) 138f. (cuckoo); Prussian: Frischbier Zehn Masurische Volkslieder 69.

B282.9. B282.9. Wedding of wren with another bird. Slavic: Herder Stimmen der Vцlker (Slawische Lieder No. 23) (owl); English: FLJ I 166 (robin), Eckenstein Comparative Studies in Nursery Rhymes (London 1906) (robin); French: Kuhff Les Enfantines 345ff., Mйlusine I (1878) 193f.

B282.10. B282.10. Wedding of sparrow and another bird. French: Tiersot RTP I 3f. (lark); Bukovina: Kaindl Zs. f. Vksk. VII (1897) 427 (jackdaw).--Waldbrьhl Slawische Balalaika 302.--Japanese: FLR I 131ff.

B282.11. B282.11. Wedding of blackbird with another bird. German: Grьner Uber die дltesten Sitten u. Gebrдuche der Egerlдnder (ed. A. John) 82f., (starling), Vorpahl Deutsche Volkslieder zur Guitarre (Sammlung I, 1915) (bullfinch), Deutsche Volkslieder Archiv (MS. Freiburg im Breisgau and University of Chicago) Nos. A74020, A72356, A63272, A93372.

B282.12. B282.12. Wedding of thrush with another bird. German: Hainhoferi Lautenbьcher II 130ff., Norrenberg Beitrдge zur Localgeschichte des Niederrheins IV 102, Frischbier-Sembrzychi Hundert ostpreussische Volkslieder 52f. No. 32.

B282.13. B282.13. Wedding of woodpecker with another bird. Estonian: Neus Esthnische Volkslieder 351f. No. 98B.

B282.14. B282.14. Wedding of magpie with another bird. German: Hoffman-Richter Schlesische Volkslieder 75f., Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden (Pt. I) 256 No. 273 (raven); Lettish: Baton Chansons nationales latviennes (Riga 1922) No. 2684 (wagtail).

B282.15. B282.15. Wedding of heathcock with another bird. German: Blдtter fьr pommersche Volkskunde IX (1901) 42f.; Lettish: Baton Chansons nationales latviennes (Riga 1922) No. 2691.

B282.16. B282.16. Wedding of raven with another bird. Danish: Nyerups Udvalg II 97ff.; Grьner-Nielsen Danske Skжmteviser I 34f. No. 15 (crane); Wendish: Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden I 256f. No. 273 (magpie).

B282.17. B282.17. Wedding of quail with another bird. Russian: Ralston Songs of the Russian People 11f. (bullfinch).

B282.18. B282.18. Wedding of hoopoe with another bird. Slavic: Wenzig Westslav. Mдrchenschatz 241; Czech.: Walda Bцhmische Granaten 132 No. 163 (jay).

B282.19. B282.19. Wedding of cuckoo with another bird. French: Perroud RTP V 15 (lark), Wallona (V 1897) 138f. (titmouse).

B282.20. B282.20. Wedding of pigeon with another bird. French: Lambert Chants et Chansons de Languedoc I 332 (lark), Soleville Chants pop. du Bas-Quercy 303ff. (falcon).

B282.21. B282.21. Wedding of cock and hen. German: Blдtter fьr pommersche Volkskunde IX (1901) 43ff.

B282.22. B282.22. Wedding of crow and titmouse.

B282.22.1. B282.22.1. Crow refuses to marry titmouse, since she is 100 years old. Type 244**.

B282.23. B282.23. The courtship of the stork and the crane. Go a-courting one another across the marshes but never come to an understanding, as each time either one or the other changes his mind. (Cf. T91.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *223; Russian Andrejev No. *244 I.

B283. B283. Wedding of fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

B283.1. B283.1. Wedding of crab. Bulgarian: Rosen Bulgarische Volksdichtungen 232 (frog); Roumanian: Schuller Romдnische Volkslieder 34ff. (toad).

B283.2. B283.2. Wedding of carp. Chinese: JAFL VIII 189f.

B284. B284. Wedding of amphibians.

B284.1. B284.1. Wedding of frog. (See B283.1.)

B284.1.1. B284.1.1. Wedding of frog and mouse. (“Frog went a-courtin‘”).--United States: JAFL XXVI 134f., XXV 392--399 No. 138, Cox Folksongs of the South 470ff. No. 162, Scarborough On the Trail of Negro Folksongs 46ff., Pub. Texas Folklore Soc. V 5--48; English: Williams Folksongs of the upper Thames 133f.; Welsh: Journ. Welsh Folksong Soc. I (IV) 178 No. 18.

B284.2. B284.2. Wedding of toad. Bulgarian: Rosen Bulgarische Volksdichtungen 233. (See also B283.1.)

B285. B285. Wedding of insects.

B285.1. B285.1. Wedding of ant. (See B281.8.)--Revue des Langues Romanes 2e Ser. IV (1877) 27ff. (louse); Rhaetian: Decurtins “Rдtoromanische Christomatie” Romдnische Forschungen XXVII (1910) 182f. (grasshopper); French: Arnaudin Chants pop. de la Grande-Lande I 345ff. (finch); Italian: Nigra Canti pop. de Piemonte No. 127 (cricket), *Zs. f. Vksk. XII 167f., 169n. 2 (grasshopper).

B285.2. B285.2. Wedding of cricket. (See B285.1.)--Lettish: Andrejanoff Lettische Volkslieder 39 No. 115.

B285.3. B285.3. Wedding of grasshopper. (See B285.1.)

B285.4. B285.4. Wedding of fly. Danish: Abrahamson, Nyerup, og Rahbek Udvalgte Danske Viser (II) 104f. No. 40 (horsefly); German: Hoffmann-Richter Schlesische Volkslieder 71f., Jungbauer Bibliographie d. deutschen Volksliedes in Bцhmen 31 (beetle); Zs. f. Vksk. XXII 421.

B285.5. B285.5. Wedding of flea. French: Bladй Poйsies pop. de la Gascogne III 291ff., Soleville Chants pop. du Bas-Quercy 310ff.; Spanish: Marнn Cantos pop. Espaсoles I 74ff.

B285.6. B285.6. Wedding of butterfly. French: Kuhff Les Enfantines 174, RTP V 16f, Bujeaud Chants de l’Ouest I 38.

B285.7. B285.7. Wedding of wasp. RTP VIII 552 (hornet).

B285.8. B285.8. Wedding of cockroach and rat. India: Thompson-Balys.

B286. B286. Plant wedding.

B286.1. B286.1. Wedding of garlic and onion. Lettish: Andrejanoff Lettische Volkslieder 39 No. 116.

B290. B290. Other animals with human traits.

B290.1. B290.1. Swine march like soldiers. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B291. B291. Animal as messenger. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Koch-Grьnberg Indianermдrchen aus N. A. No. 33.--African: de Clerq Anthropos IV 451, (Fjort) Dennett 123.

B291.0.1. B291.0.1. Animal tried out as messenger. Hen (cock) the only one successful.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 188. No. 27, (Kaffir): Theal 63.

B291.0.2. B291.0.2. Unwelcome bird (insect) proves to be messenger. *Jochelson JE VI 373 No. 16.

B291.1. B291.1. Bird as messenger. English: Child II 113n., 356--365 passim, III 4, 8, IV 412, 482, 484f., V 234; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101; Irish myth: Cross; Warncke Lais der Marie de France@2 cxxxix.; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 90f.; Marquesas: ibid. 91; Mono: Wheeler 9, 21; Mangaia (Cook Is.): Clark 142; Africa (Fang): Einstein 148, 154, (Cameroon): Gantenbein 68.

B291.1.0.1. B291.1.0.1. Bird as letter carrier. (Cf. K131.)--India: *Thompson-Balys.

B291.1.1. B291.1.1. Raven as messenger.

B291.1.1.1. B291.1.1.1. Ravens carry message to enemies. Irish myth: Cross.

B291.1.1.2. B291.1.1.2. Raven as devil’s messenger. *Fb “ravn” III 21b.

B291.1.2. B291.1.2. Crow as messenger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 567.

B291.1.3. B291.1.3. Dove as messenger. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 76.

B291.1.4. B291.1.4. Falcon as messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

B291.1.5. B291.1.5. Goose as messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

B291.1.6. B291.1.6. Parrot as messenger. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B291.1.7. B291.1.7. Heron as messenger. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 630.

B291.1.8. B291.1.8. Vulture as messenger. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 144; Jewish: Neuman.

B291.1.9. B291.1.9. Eagle as messenger. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 144; Jewish: Neuman.

B291.1.10. B291.1.10. Hawk as messenger. Africa (Pooloki): Einstein 105.

B291.1.11. B291.1.11. Swallow as messenger. Chinese: Eberhard 58.

B291.1.12. B291.1.12. Pigeon as messenger. Jewish: Neuman.

B291.2. B291.2. Domestic beast as messenger.

B291.2.1. B291.2.1. Horse as messenger. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B291.2.2. B291.2.2. Dog as messenger. Icel.: ASB XVII 91; India: Thompson-Balys.

B291.3. B291.3. Wild beast as messenger.

B291.3.1. B291.3.1. Fox as messenger. Irish myth: Cross.

B291.3.2. B291.3.2. Hare (rabbit) as messenger.

B291.3.2.1. B291.3.2.1. Hares carry taxes to court. India: Thompson-Balys.

B291.4. B291.4. Other animals as messenger.

B291.4.1. B291.4.1. Bee as messenger from heaven to earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

B291.4.2. B291.4.2. Snake as messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

B291.4.3. B291.4.3. Whale as messenger. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 360.

B292. B292. Animal as servant to man. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 263; Japanese: Ikeda.

B292.0.1. B292.0.1. Animals with human child as slave. India: Thompson-Balys.

B292.0.2. B292.0.2. Animals leave wicked and go to pious master. Jewish: Neuman.

B292.1. B292.1. Animal as shepherd for man.

B292.1.1. B292.1.1. Baboon as shepherd for man. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 44 No. 21.

B292.1.2. B292.1.2. Dog as shepherd for man. Greek Myth: Grote I 228.

B292.2. B292.2. Animal as domestic servant. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 263.

B292.2.1. B292.2.1. Monkey as domestic servant. India: Thompson-Balys.

B292.2.2. B292.2.2. Bird as domestic servant. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 526.

B292.2.2.1. B292.2.2.1. Bird servant to deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

B292.2.3. B292.2.3. Lion as domestic servant. Jewish: Neuman.

B292.3. B292.3. Doe furnishes man milk. Saints‘ legend (Irish): Plummer cxliv; Irish myth: Cross.

B292.4. B292.4. Stags plow for man. Also draw chariot, bear burdens, and allow saints to use their horns as a book rest--Saints’ legend (Irish): Plummer cxliii--cxliv; Irish myth: Cross; English: Baughman.

B292.4.1. B292.4.1. Wild oxen plow for man. Irish myth: Cross.

B292.4.1.1. B292.4.1.1. Oxen draw saint‘s plow around whole district in one day. Irish myth: Cross.

B292.4.2. B292.4.2. Tiger plows for man. India: *Thompson-Balys

B292.4.3. B292.4.3. Dog plows for man. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 44f.

B292.5. B292.5. Bird sings to console man. Saints’ legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi (swan); Irish myth: Cross.

B292.6. B292.6. Black cat as servant of giant. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chat”.

B292.6.1. B292.6.1. Thief lives alone with 20 cats that help him keep intruders away. Icel.: *Boberg.

B292.7. B292.7. Otters supply man with fish and burning wood daily. Irish myth: Cross.

B292.8. B292.8. Dog as guardian of treasure. *Fb “hund” I 675b (cf. B576.2).

B292.9. B292.9. Animal as farm laborer.

B292.9.1. B292.9.1. Frog works in fields for benefactor. India: Thompson-Balys.

B292.9.2. B292.9.2. Chicken as laborer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B292.9.3. B292.9.3. Rat servants cut jungle down, till soil for master. India: Thompson-Balys.

B292.10. B292.10. Dog made king. Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 579, *Boberg.

B292.11. B292.11. Tiger carries load of wood for saint. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B292.12. B292.12. Serpent as saint‘s whip. India: Thompson-Balys.

B292.13. B292.13. Ass as tollkeeper. Jewish: Neuman.

B293. B293. Animals dance. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 193.

B293.0.1. B293.0.1. Animals dance for king. Jewish: Neuman.

B293.1. B293.1. Dance of cats. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “dance”.

B293.2. B293.2. Dance of frog(s). Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 76.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “dance”.

B293.3. B293.3. Dance of tigers. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.--Korean: Zong in-Sob 149 No. 65.

B293.4. B293.4. Dance of lions. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

B293.5. B293.5. Dance of nagas (snake men). Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1354.

B294. B294. Animals in business relations.

B294.1. B294.1. Fox as divider of dying man’s gifts. Fb “rжv” III 113b.

B294.2. B294.2. Animal handles money.

B294.2.1. B294.2.1. Monkey‘s money stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

B294.2.2. B294.2.2. Monkey buys liquor. India: Thompson-Balys.

B294.3. B294.3. Dog sells rotten peas on market: punished by other animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

B294.4. B294.4. Animals hold fairs. India: Thompson-Balys.

B294.5. B294.5. Parrot transacts business of trader. India: Thompson-Balys.

B294.6. B294.6. Rabbit and elephant partners on trading expedition. Africa: Stanley 245.

B294.7. B294.7. Tortoise and dog partners as thieves. Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 3.

B295. B295. Animal drives carriage. *Type 2021; *BP II 146 (Gr. No. 80); Fb “kok” II 248b.

B295.1. B295.1. Mouse makes boat of bread-crust. Takes animals and birds into boat. It capsizes.--Type 135*.

B296. B296. Animals go a-journeying. *Types 130, 210; **Aarne FFC XI Die Tiere auf der Wanderschaft; BP I 75, 135, 237; Fb “vжder” III 1106b, *“tyr” III 908 ab.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesian, Japanese: Dixon *203 n. 41.; Missouri French: Carriиre.--Africa (Tonga): Gifford 206.--Cf. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 302 n. 108.

B296.1. B296.1. Animal journeys to Rome. Cock, geese, or dog go to Rome to become Pope.--Fb “hund” I 678b, “gеs” I 528b, “Rom”, “mus” II 634b.

B297. B297. Musical animals.

B297.0.1. B297.0.1. Bull lows musically. Irish myth: Cross (B214).

B297.1. B297.1. Animal plays musical instrument. Africa (tribes of Western Sudan): Tauxier Le Noir du Yatenga 457 No. 56.

B297.1.1. B297.1.1. Bird plays timpan. Irish myth: Cross.

B297.1.2. B297.1.2. Toad and chameleon play drum and xylophone. Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 193.

B297.2. B297.2. Transformed women enchanted by music.

B297.2.1. B297.2.1. Women transformed to bitches enchanted by music. Irish myth: Cross.

B298. B298. Animal plays game.

B298.1. B298.1. Monkey plays chess. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 88.

B299. B299. Other animals with human traits--miscellaneous.

B299.1. B299.1. Animal takes revenge on man. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

B299.1.1. B299.1.1. Eagle takes revenge on man. Chinese: Graham.

B299.2. B299.2. Animals dispute.

B299.2.1. B299.2.1. Owls and crows dispute over merits of night or day vision. India: Thompson-Balys.

B299.3. B299.3. Animals discover liquor and get intoxicated. India: Thompson-Balys.

B299.4. B299.4. Bear asks boy to stay with her cubs. India: Thompson-Balys.

B299.5. B299.5. Sympathetic animals. Irish myth: Cross.

B299.5.1. B299.5.1. Animal mutilates self to express sympathy. India: Thompson-Balys.

B299.5.2. B299.5.2. Animal fasts to express sympathy. India: Thompson-Balys.

B299.5.3. B299.5.3. Birds weep when man cuts off his hand. Irish myth: Cross.

B299.6. B299.6. Animal physician. Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 69, Meinhof 33, 36.

B299.7. B299.7. Festival of animals. Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Tenetehara): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 148.

B299.8. B299.8. Animals build bridge.

B299.8.1. B299.8.1. Tigers build bridge. S. A. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 150.

B299.9. B299.9. Animals cultivate crops. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 179.

B299.10. B299.10. Animal christening. German Grimm No. 74.

B300--B599.

B300--B599. FRIENDLY ANIMALS

B300--B349.

B300--B349. Helpful animals--general.

B300. B300. Helpful animal. See also entire section B300--599, especially B350.--*Krappe “Guiding animals” JAFL LV (1942) 228--246; “Warning animals” FL LIX (1948) 8--15.--*Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 38.--Irish myth: Cross.--Hindu: Penzer I 101f., V 157f., 163f., VI 291, VIII 219.--India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 316 n. 146.--Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 313.

B301. B301. Faithful animal. Kцhler-Bolte I 534; Irish myth: Cross.

B301.1. B301.1. Faithful animal at master’s grave dies of hunger. *Type 75*; *Pauli (ed Bolte) No. 428; cf. Alphabet No. 270; Icel.: *Boberg.

B301.1.1. B301.1.1. Faithful dog follows master‘s dead body when cast into river. Supports body.--Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B301.1.2. B301.1.2. Faithful dog helps open mistress’ grave--dies on it. India: Thompson-Balys.

B301.1.3. B301.1.3. Faithful animal doesn‘t allow anybody to come near to master’s corpse. Юiрriks saga II 154, 386.

B301.2. B301.2. Faithful animal at master‘s grave avenges his murder. English: Wells Manual of Writings 121 (Sir Triamour).--*Hibbard 286.

B301.3. B301.3. Faithful animal plans suicide when it thinks master dead. English: Wells Manual of Writings 66 (Ywain and Gawain); Icel.: Boberg.

B301.4. B301.4. Faithful horse follows dead master to grave. *Fb “hest” IV 212a.

B301.4.1. B301.4.1. Faithful horse lays his head on slain master’s breast. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.4.1.1. B301.4.1.1. Faithful horse weeps for coming death of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.4.2. B301.4.2. Faithful horse weeps tears of blood for master. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.4.3. B301.4.3. Faithful horse joins in keen at hero’s death. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.4.3.1. B301.4.3.1. Faithful horse lays his head in lap of dead master‘s wife. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.4.4. B301.4.4. Faithful horse allows only its master to catch and ride it. Icel.: *Boberg.

B301.4.5. B301.4.5. Faithful horse lies down in order that its mutilated master can mount it. Icel.: *Boberg.

B301.4.6. B301.4.6. Faithful horse refuses to go before its master mounts it, even when already loaded with two chests with gold.--Icel.: *Boberg.

B301.4.7. B301.4.7. Faithful horse dies together with its master. Icel.: *Boberg.

B301.4.8. B301.4.8. Faithful horse fights together with its master. Icel.: *Boberg.

B301.5. B301.5. Faithful animals resuscitate master. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B301.6. B301.6. Faithful cattle fight at master’s grave until they cast their horns. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.6.1. B301.6.1. Faithful cattle shed horns in grief for death of man. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.6.2. B301.6.2. Faithful cow refuses to move for grief at master‘s death. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.6.3. B301.6.3. Faithful cows lose milk at king’s death. Irish myth: Cross.

B301.7. B301.7. Faithful lapdog dies when mistress dies. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B301.7.1. B301.7.1. Faithful dog helps open mistress‘ grave and dies on it. India: Thompson-Balys.

B301.8. B301.8. Faithful lion follows man who saved him. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Icel.: Boberg.

B310. B310. Acquisition of helpful animal. *Hartland Perseus III 191ff.

B311. B311. Congenital helpful animal. Born at same time as master and (usually) by same magic means.--*Hartland Perseus III 191ff.; *Types 300, 303; *BP I 534ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 179.--Irish myth: Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 83, Welsh ibid. 95; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 221.

B311.1. B311.1. Helpful animal foster brother. Hero reared by animal‘s parents.--Africa (Akan-Ashanti): Rattray Akan-Ashanti Folk Tales 206 No. 53, (Kassonke): Monteil Contes Soudanais 126ff.

B312. B312. Helpful animals obtained by purchase or gift.

B312.1. B312.1. Helpful animals a gift. German Grimm No. 60, 126; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 40 No. 300; Icel.: Boberg, Юiрriks saga I 314--18; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

B312.2. B312.2. Helpful animals obtained by exchange. *Type 300; *Hartland Perseus III 195; De Gubernatis Zool. Myth. III 36 n.--N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 329ff.

B312.3. B312.3. Helpful animal(s) bequeathed to hero. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hausa): Best Black Folk Tales 71ff., Tremearne Hausa Superstitions and Customs 374ff. No. 79; Madagascar: (Marofotsy) Renel Contes de Madagascar I 65ff. No. 9.

B312.4. B312.4. Helpful animal purchased. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Swahili): Steere Swahili Tales 13ff., Meinhof Afrikanische Mдrchen 9ff. No. 1, Bateman Zanzibar Tales 99ff. No. 7.

B312.4.1. B312.4.1. Helpful dogs obtained by purchase. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B312.5. B312.5. Helpful, strong horse caught. Icel.: Boberg.

B313. B313. Helpful animal an enchanted person. *Types 314, 328 (FFC LXXXIII), 402, 510, 530, 531, 532, 533, 545, 550, 551.

B313.1. B313.1. Helpful animal reincarnation of parent. The dead mother appears to the heroine in the form of an animal.--*Cox Cinderella 475 n. 4; BP I 187, III 60ff.--India: *Thompson-Balys, *Cosquin Contes indiens 505ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

B313.2. B313.2. Helpful animal reincarnation of murdered child. German: Grimm No. 47.

B314. B314. Helpful animal brothers-in-law. *Type 552; *BP III 424ff.--Missouri French: Carriиre.

B315. B315. Animal helpful after being conquered. *Type 590; BP III 1.--Icel.: *Boberg.

B316. B316. Abused and pampered horses. Hero is ordered by ogre to feed and care for certain horse and to neglect other horse. Hero disobeys and feeds neglected horse. Latter is enchanted prince and helps hero. (Cf. B181.)--*Type 314, 502; BP III 18 n. 3.--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B317. B317. Helpful bird hatched by hero. Hero holds eagle’s egg in hand and hatches it. Young eagle becomes his helper.--German New Guinea: Dixon 141.

B318. B318. Helpful animals transformed from other animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

B319. B319. Helpful animal otherwise acquired.

B319.1. B319.1. Helpful animal sent by God (or a god). Irish myth: Cross.

B319.2. B319.2. Helpful animal acquired as reward for vigil. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B320. B320. Reward of helpful animal.

B322. B322. Helpful animal demands food. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “viande”, “oiseau”; Japanese: Ikeda.

B322.1. B322.1. Hero feeds own flesh to helpful animal. The hero is carried on the back of an eagle who demands food. The hero finally feeds parts of his own flesh.--*Type 301; *BP II 300 (Gr. No. 91); Chauvin VI 3 No. 181 n. 3; Panzer Beowulf 191; Clouston Tales I 241ff., Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 164 (to Gonzenbach No. 61).--Hindu: Penzer I 84 n. 1. 85, VI 122 n. 2, VII 126 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 32; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15.--Missouri French: Carriиre.--Apache: Goddard PaAM XXIV 94.

B322.2. B322.2. Helpful birds demand food. Chinese: Graham.

B325. B325. Animal bribed for help. English: Child I 57ff., II 144--154, 359, IV 389f., 416; Sicilian: Gonzenbach: I 99 No. 15.

B325.1. B325.1. Animal bribed with food. (Sop to Cerberus.)--Types 531, 551; BP III 18ff.; *Chauvin VI 6 No. 182; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 76 No. 632; Icel.: *Boberg. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61 No. 445B, Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 308 n. 113c.--Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 273 No. 86.

B330. B330. Death of helpful animal.

B331. B331. Helpful animal killed through misunderstanding.

B331.1. B331.1. Faithful falcon killed through misunderstanding. Tries to warn the king against drinking water poisoned by snake.--*Chauvin II 122 No. 115, V 289 No. 173.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

B331.1.1. B331.1.1. Faithful horse killed through misunderstanding. Tries to warn king against drinking water poisoned by snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

B331.2. B331.2. Llewellyn and his dog. Dog has saved child from serpent. Father sees bloody mouth, thinks the dog has eaten the child, and kills the dog.--*Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 257; Kцhler-Bolte I 534; *BP I 425 n. I; Ward Catalogue of Romances II 170; *Penzer V 138 n. 1; *Campbell Sages lxxviii ff.; Benfey Panchatantra I 479ff.; Bшdker Exempler 299 No. 64; *Chauvin II 100 No. 59, VIII 67 No. 31; Clouston Tales II 167; *Kittredge Arthur and Gorlagon 223 n. 1; *Frazer Pausanias V 421 .--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; U.S.: Baughman.

B331.2.1. B331.2.1. Woman slays faithful mongoose which has saved her child. “A Classical Indian Folk-Tale as a Reported Modern Event: The Brahman and the Mongoose” Proceedings, American Philosophical Society, LXXXIII 503--13; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B331.2.2. B331.2.2. Faithful dog killed by overhasty master: thinks mistakenly he has returned home against orders. (Cf. Llewellyn and his dog.)--*Emeneau “The Faithful Dog as Security for a Debt; A Companion to the Brahman and Mongoose Story-Type” Journal of American Oriental Society LXI 1--17; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B331.3. B331.3. Faithful parrot killed by mistake. India: Thompson-Balys.

B332. B332. Too watchful dog killed. Icel.: *Boberg.

B335. B335. Helpful animal killed by hero‘s enemy. *Types 510, 533; *BP III 60ff.; *Cox Cinderella 477 n. 7.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.--N. A. Indian (Menomini): Hoffman RBAE XIV 236.

B335.1. B335.1. Man attempts to kill faithful serpent at wife’s instigation. Loses everything.--*Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 20 No. 73.--*Ward III 208; *Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 141; *Warnke Die Quellen des Esope der Marie de France 221.

B335.1.1. B335.1.1. Treacherous wife forces husband to kill helpful dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

B335.2. B335.2. Life of helpful animal demanded as cure for feigned sickness. Penzer V 127 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B335.3. B335.3. Unsuccessful attempt by enemy to kill helpful animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

B335.4. B335.4. Wife demands magic parrot who has accused her. India: Thompson-Balys.

B335.5. B335.5. Faithful animal killed in battle. Icel.: *Boberg.

B335.6. B335.6. A small animal (hare, bitch) gives timely warnings to the hero about the trap prepared by his enemy. Animal warning about trap killed.--Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *452f.

B335.7. B335.7. Helpful cow to be killed because of refusal to help stepdaughter. Chinese: Graham.

B336. B336. Helpful animal killed (threatened) by ungrateful hero.--Spanish Exempla: Keller.--Africa (Hausa): Mischlich Neue Mдrchen aus Afrika 164ff. No. 22, Frobenius Atlantis IX 277ff., 287ff., Nos. 74 and 75, (Swahili): Steere Swahili Tales 13ff., Meinhof Afrikanische Mдrchen 9ff. No. 1, Bateman Zanzibar Tales 99ff. No. 7.

B338. B338. Weapons made from bones of helpful horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

B339. B339. Death of helpful animal--miscellaneous.

B339.1. B339.1. Truth-telling dog killed so as to hide murder. India: Thompson-Balys.

B340. B340. Treatment of helpful animals--miscellaneous.

B341. B341. Helpful animal’s injunctions disobeyed. Disaster follows.--Type 531; MacCulloch Childhood 229; Missouri French: Carriиre; N. A. Indian (Menomini): Hoffman RBAE XIV 183, (Zuсi): Cushing 54.

B342. B342. Cat leaves house when report is made of death of one of his companions. His master has been told to say “Robert is dead”. As soon as this is said, the cat leaves.--*Boberg Sagnet om den store Pans Dod, Kшbenhavn 1934.--Irish: Beal III 66.--U.S.: Baughman; Taylor Washington University Studies X (Hum. Ser.) 60ff.

B343. B343. Large reward given for return of helpful animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

B350--B399.

B350--B399. Grateful animals.

B350. B350. Grateful animals. *Types 329, 480, 531, 554, 554*, 559: *BP I 207ff. (Gr. No. 24), 227, II 21 (Gr. Nos. 17, 62, 191), 454 n. 1, III 18ff. (Gr. No. 126), 365 (Gr. No. 191); Hartland Perseus III 193ff.; Clouston Tales I 223ff.; Penzer I 100f., V 157ff., VI 291, VIII 219, IX 156; *Chauvin II 107 No. 71; *Saintyves Perrault 32ff.--Irish myth: Cross.--Greek: **Marx Griechische Mдrchen von dankbaren Tieren; *Frazer Apollodorus I 86 n. 2; Arabian: Burton SV 326; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 322; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fourmi”.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 316 n. 146a., CColl II 327f., 333, 342, 417; Indonesian: De Vries‘s list Nos. 56, 65ff., 135; Malay: Dixon 216; *ibid. 218 n. 23; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 167.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 214 No. 31.

B360. B360. Animals grateful for rescue from peril of death. *Types 554, 554*, 560; *BP II 21f., 454; *Dh IV 147ff.; Chauvin II 109 No. 73; Hartland Perseus III 194; *Brown Iwain 16 and passim, 132 n. 3; Hьsing (G.) “Zum Etanamythos” Archiv f. Religionswiss. VI 178ff.; Alphabet No. 166; Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 338, 339), 127 (ST 353), Halm Aesop Nos. 92, 130; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 648.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg (B364.5).--India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 321ff.; Ikeda; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 29 No. 17; Korean: Zong in-Sob 175 f. No. 76.--Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 163 No. 32; Missouri French: Carriиre.

B361. B361. Animals grateful for rescue from pit. *Type 160; Chauvin I 106 No. 71; Ward II 196; Bшdker Exempler 304 No. 75; *Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 119; Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 346), 127 (ST 357), Phaedrus III 2; BP IV 139f; *Moe Samlede Skrifter I 192ff.; Hilka Compilatio Singularis Exemplorum 23; Wesselski Mдrchen 246 No. 56.--Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 31; Spanish Exempla: Keller; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 649.--Hindu: *Penzer V 157; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 30.--Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IX 385 Nos. 103f., (Swahili): Steere 423, (Zanzibar): Bateman 81 No. 6, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 163 No. 32.

B362. B362. Animal grateful for rescue from drowning. Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 201), 127 (ST 356), Halm Aesop No. 296 (dove rescues ant).--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Korea: Ikeda.

B363. B363. Animal grateful for rescue from net. *Type 75; Crane Vitry 194 No. 145.--India: Thompson-Balys--Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman: 81 No. 6.

B363.1. B363.1. Lion is freed from net by mouse. Mouse asks that his son marry lion’s daughter. Request granted. The mouse is trampled to death by his bride.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B364. B364. Animal grateful for other rescue.

B364.1. B364.1. Animal grateful for rescue from trap. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 336; India: Thompson-Balys--Africa (Lamba): Doke XXXII No. 15.

B364.2. B364.2. Animal grateful for rescue from fire. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B364.3. B364.3. Insect having fallen on back grateful for being turned over. Africa (Ganda): Baskerville King of the Snakes 8ff.

B364.4. B364.4. Bird grateful for being saved from attacking serpent. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 269.

B364.5. B364.5. Animal grateful for rescue from mud. India: Thompson-Balys.

B365. B365. Animal grateful for rescue of its young. *Hartland Perseus III 194; Kцhler-Bolte I 440, 545, 560, *561.--Japanese: Mitford 261, Ikeda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B365.0.1. B365.0.1. Bird grateful for rescue of its young. India: Thompson-Balys.

B365.1. B365.1. Animal grateful for rescue of its mate. India: Thompson-Balys.

B365.2. B365.2. Animal grateful to hero for preventing destruction of nest.

B365.2.1. B365.2.1. Ant grateful for preventing destruction of nest. German: Grimm No. 62.

B365.3. B365.3. Animal grateful for release of relative. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 65.

B366. B366. Animal grateful for ransom from captivity. BP II 451 (Gr. No. 104a), *454 n. 1.; Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 337), 127 (ST 354, 489); Halm Aesop No. 6.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

B370. B370. Animal grateful to captor for release.

B371. B371. Small animal released from jaws of large one: grateful.

B371.1. B371.1. Lion spared mouse: mouse grateful. Later releases lion from net. (Cf. B363.)--Jacobs Aesop 203 No. 11, Halm Aesop 256, cf. Type 75.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B371.2. B371.2. Lion spares fly: fly grateful. Later warns lion.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B374. B374. Other animals grateful for release.

B374.1. B374.1. Lion rescued from snake: thankful. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B375. B375. Release of animal by hunter (fisher). Africa (Angola): Chatelain 159 No. 19 (deer).--German: Grimm No. 60, 191.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B375.1. B375.1. Fish returned to water: grateful. *Fb “fisk”; Hartland Science 174.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.--Two special forms of this motif are common; in both the fish is returned to the water and rewards the captor. (1). The “King of the Fishes” form: a man captures the king of fishes (B243) who as a reward for the release tells the man to feed parts of his body (when he is later captured) to his wife and parts to certain animals. As a result the hero and congenital helpful animals (B311) are born: *Type 303; BP I 528 (Gr. Nos. 60, 85); Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “poisson”, Gaster Exempla 251 No. 373.; Missouri French: Carriиre.--For other references see B243.--(2) The “Fisher and his Wife” form. The king of the fishes in this case grants the man‘s wife the power of fulfilling all her wishes; *Type 555; BP I 138 (Gr. No. 19); see C773.1.2.

B375.1.1. B375.1.1. Grateful fish grants mad hero his wish: to impregnate a princess. Later the fish saves the hero and his family from death at sea.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B375.1.2. B375.1.2. Fish grateful for being transferred from tank to river. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B375.2. B375.2. Frog returned to spring: grateful. Teaches hero animals’ language (Cf. B217).--*Type 670B; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B375.3. B375.3. Bird released: grateful.--*Chauvin II 117 No. 97; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

B375.3.1. B375.3.1. Eagle released: grateful. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *320.

B375.4. B375.4. Squirrel released: grateful and helpful. India: Thompson-Balys.

B375.5. B375.5. Monkey released: grateful. India: Thompson-Balys.

B375.6. B375.6. Rat released: grateful. India: Thompson-Balys.

B375.7. B375.7. Leopard released: grateful. Africa (Fang): Tessman 195f.

B375.8. B375.8. Turtle released: grateful. Korean: Zong in-Sob 169 No. 73.

B375.9. B375.9. Serpent released: grateful. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 55.

B375.10. B375.10. Jackal released: grateful. India: Thompson-Balys.

B376. B376. Wasp released from vase full of honey: grateful. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B380. B380. Animal grateful for relief from pain. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

B380.1. B380.1. Grateful hyena leads lost hermit from wilderness as reward for his help. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B381. B381. Thorn removed from lion‘s paw (Androcles and the Lion). In gratitude the lion later rewards the man.--*Type 156; *BP III 1 n. 2; Cf. Type 74*; Jacobs Aesop 205 No. 23; Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 345), 127 (ST 357); *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 29; **Brodeur (A.G.) “The Grateful Lion” PMLA XXXIX 485; Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 210; Penzer V 162 n. 1, IX 47 n. 1; Alphabet No. 451; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 278.--*Loomis White Magic 58--61.--Spanish Exempla: Keller.--India: *Thompson-Balys.--Chinese: Graham.--N. A. Indian (Wyandot): Barbeau GSCan XI 106 No. 29.

B381.1. B381.1. Wolf fetches a man to remove thorn from his children’s paws. Does not attack the man‘s livestock.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *156A.

B381.2. B381.2. Thorn removed from monkey’s tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

B382. B382. Animal grateful for removal of bone lodged in its throat. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

B383. B383. Man called by animal for help to his cubs in danger. *Loomis White Magic 59.

B384. B384. Saint cures the blind young ones of a hyena or wolf by the sign of the cross and the application of his saliva. (Cf. D1500.1.8.1.) The animal mother is grateful.--*Loomis White Magic 59 f.

B385. B385. Serpent relieved from sand blown in eyes: grateful. India: Thompson-Balys.

B386. B386. Tigress grateful for opening of abscess. India: Thompson-Balys.

B387. B387. Tiger grateful for woman assisting tigress as midwife. Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 29.

B388. B388. Cobra grateful for cure of ulcer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B390. B390. Animals grateful for other kind acts.

B391. B391. Animal grateful for food. *Types 300, 531, 550, 554; Warnke Quellen des Esope der Marie de France 221ff.; *BP II 21f., 463; Halm Aesop No. 173; Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358); Ward III 208; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 141 (Cf. B335.1.)--Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 387.--Danish: Fb “kalv”; Missouri-French: Carriиre--India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 185f., 270, Anesaki 313, Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 29.--Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 33.

B391.1. B391.1. Child feeds snake from its milk-bottle. *Type 285; BP II 459, cf. II 463.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B391.1.1. B391.1.1. Cobra grateful to prince for milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

B391.1.2. B391.1.2. Snake grateful because man feeds her young snakes milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

B391.1.3. B391.1.3. Snake grateful for pouring milk into its hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

B391.2. B391.2. Child shares food with toad. German: Grimm No. 105.

B391.3. B391.3. Hero kills horse to feed young ravens. German: Grimm No. 17.

B391.4. B391.4. Animals given water to drink: grateful. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 150.

B392. B392. Hero divides spoil for animals. *Type 300; Fb “dele” IV 96b; *BP II 22 n. 1.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *554A.; Italian Novella: Rotunda.--Missouri-French: Carriиre; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 70 No. 3.

B392.1. B392.1. Animals grateful for being given appropriate food. Hero finds dog with hay and horse with meat. He changes it about.--Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63 (to Gonzenbach No. 13.); Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B393. B393. Animals grateful for shelter. Japanese: Mitford 270.

B394. B394. Cow grateful for being milked. (Cf. B411.)--Type 510A; Cox passim.

B395. B395. Buffaloes grateful for care of their calves. India: Thompson-Balys.

B395.1. B395.1. Buffaloes grateful for being cleaned and combed. India: Thompson-Balys.

B396. B396. Cows grateful for hero’s housekeeping for them. India: Thompson-Balys.

B400--B499.

B400--B499. Kinds of helpful animals.

B400--B449.

B400--B449. HELPFUL BEASTS

B400. B400. Helpful domestic beasts. India: Thompson-Balys.

B401. B401. Helpful horse. *Type 314, 502, 531, 532; BP III 94ff., III 18ff., II 273ff; *Fb “hest”; *Kцhler-Bolte I 468.--Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358); Halm Aesop No. 173 (Cf. BP III 290ff.); Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 94; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 372 n. 1.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.--Breton: *Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “animaux”; French Canadian: *Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15; Missouri French: Carriиre; Cape Verde Islands: *Parson MAFLS XV (1) 277 No. 91, 281 No. 92.--India: *Thompson-Balys.--Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 280, 284.

B401.1. B401.1. Helpful water-horse. Irish myth: Cross.

B402. B402. Helpful ass. *Fb “жsel” III 1155a.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B403. B403. Helpful mule. Breton: “Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”mule“, ”animaux“.

B405. B405. Helpful camel. India: Thompson-Balys. Africa (Hausa): Tremearne FL XXII 464ff. No. 50, Hausa Superstitions and Customs 380ff. No. 80.

B411. B411. Helpful cow. (Cf. B354.)--*Type 510A; Cox passim.--Halm Aesop No. 173, Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358).--Irish myth: Cross.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 52 No. 32.

B411.1. B411.1. Helpful bull. (Cf. B182.3.1.)--Cox Cinderella 365 (Swedish).--Irish myth: Cross.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“.--India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian (Wyandot): Thompson CColl II 412; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B411.2. B411.2. Helpful ox. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15.--Irish myth: Cross.--India: Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 76 No. 12, 240 No. 35, (Kaffir): Theal 169.

B411.3. B411.3. Helpful calf. Fb ”kalv“.

B411.4. B411.4. Helpful buffalo. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B411.4.1. B411.4.1. Helpful bison. India: Thompson-Balys.

B411.5. B411.5. Helpful bullock. India: Thompson-Balys.

B411.6. B411.6. Helpful steer. Jewish: Neuman.

B412. B412. Helpful sheep. Type 510; *Cox 477 n. 7.; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

B413. B413. Helpful goat. Type 510; Cox 473f. n. 2.--Irish myth: Cross, Beal XXI 325; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chevre“, ”animaux“; Missouri French: Carriиre; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 9, 298 No. 13, 325 No. 4.--Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 53 No. 2, (Benga): Nassau 202 No. 32.

B414. B414. Helpful hog. Fb ”svin“ III 676a.--Irish myth: Cross.--India: Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 144, 197.

B414.1. B414.1. Helpful boar. India: Thompson-Balys.

B421. B421. Helpful dog. (Cf. B524.1.1, B268.2.1. War-dogs.) *Types 300, 400, 560; *BP II 455ff., I 331, 547; *Emeneau ”The Faithful Dog as Security for a Debt,“ Journal of the American Oriental Society LXI 1--17; *Hartland Perseus III 191ff.; *Aarne MSFO XXV 48; *Dh IV 147ff.--Fable: Halm Aesop No. 173; *BP III 290; Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358).--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chien“, ”mort“, ”nourriture“; *Fb ”hund“ IV 226b; Alphabet of Tales No. 271.--English: Wells Manual of Writings 121 (Sir Triamour); Scotch: Campbell I 7; French Canadian: *Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15, 20; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 48 No. 327; Jamaican: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 270 No: 82.--Jewish: Neuman. India: *Thompson-Balys.--Japanese: Anesaki 322, Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 93 No. 51.--Africa (Zulu): Callaway 51, 142, (Basuto): Jacottet 56 No. 9, 140 No. 20, (Kaffir): Kidd 226 No. 1, Theal 126, (Benga): Nassau 140 No. 16, (Angola): Chatelain 127 No. 12; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit JAFL XXIX 304 (Type 403). See references in B524.1.

B422. B422. Helpful cat. *Types 402, 545, 560; *BP I 325, II 30, 455, III 487; *Aarne MSFO XXV 48; *Dh IV 147ff.; *Fb ”kat“ II 108a.--Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chat“; Missouri French: Carriиre; Scotch: Campbell II 279, *284ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 253; Korean: Zong in-Sob 28 No. 12; Tonga: Gifford 201.

B430. B430. Helpful wild beasts. India: Thompson-Balys.

B431. B431. Helpful wild beasts--felidae.

B431.1. B431.1. Helpful leopard. Africa (Akan-Ashanti): Rattray Akan-Ashanti Folk Tales 206 No. 53.

B431.2. B431.2. Helpful lion. (Cf. B549.1.)--*Type 156 (see all references for B381), *Type 590; *BP III 1 (Gr. No. 121); *Fb ”lцve“ II 518b; Dickson Valentine and Orson 107 n. 17, 118 n. 51.--Icel.: Boberg.--Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain), 118f. (Octavian).--*Hibbard 271 n. 3.--Spanish Exempla: Keller.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.--Saintyves Saints Successeurs 252.--French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Missouri French: Carriиre.--Jewish: Neuman.--India: *Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 131 No. 24, (Zanzibar): Bateman 82 No. 6.

B431.3. B431.3. Helpful tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 263; Korean: Zong in-Sob 82, No. 45.

B431.4. B431.4. Helpful panther. Fable: Phaedrus III 2; Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 346), 127 (ST 357).

B433. B433. Helpful wild beasts--mustelidae.

B433.1. B433.1. Helpful otter. Saints’ legend (Irish): Plummer cxliv, Irish myth: Cross.

B433.2. B433.2. Helpful badger. Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Mitford 270ff.

B433.3. B433.3. Helpful ichneumon. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Nao): Held Mдrchen und Sagen der afrikanischen Neger 132ff.

B433.4. B433.4. Helpful mongoose. Chauvin II 100 No. 59; Bшdker Exempler 299 No. 64; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B435. B435. Helpful wild beasts--canidae and other carnivora.

B435.1. B435.1. Helpful fox. *Types 506, 545, 550; *BP I 331, 503, III 487, 490ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 179.--Sйbillot RTP III 394; *Fb ”hцj“ I 741, ”rжv“ III 113b.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“.--Missouri French: Carriиre, Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--Chinese: Werner 380f., Krappe CFQ III (1944) 126, Eberhard FFC CXX 29 No. 17.--Japanese: Mitford 261ff.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 342 n. 233.--Africa (Tonga): Gifford 123.

B435.2. B435.2. Helpful jackal. BP I 331; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B435.3. B435.3. Helpful wolf. *Type 428; *Fb ”ulv“ IV 971a.--English: Wells Manual of Writings 20 (William of Palerne) (werwolf).--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“.--Irish myth: Cross.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.--Jewish: Neuman.--Missouri-French: Carriиre.--See also references for B535.

B435.4. B435.4. Helpful bear. *Fb ”Bjшrn“ IV 42a, 43a.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B435.5. B435.5. Helpful seal. Irish myth: Cross.

B435.6. B435.6. Helpful hyena. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B437. B437. Helpful wild beasts--rodentia.--India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 317 n. 147.--Tehuelche (Pategonia): Alexander Lat. Am. 335.

B437.1. B437.1. Helpful rat. *Fb ”rotte“ III 83b.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 180.--Korean: Zong in-Sob 28 No. 12.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 214 No. 31, (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

B437.1.1. B437.1.1. Helpful bandicoot. India: Thompson-Balys.

B437.2. B437.2. Helpful mouse. *Type 75, cf. Type 560.--Jewish: Neuman; Penzer V 79 n. 2.--India: *Thompson-Balys, Bшdker Exempler 290 Nos 45, 46; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri-French: Carriиre.--Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 268.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 85, Kidd 230 No. 2, (Basuto): Jacottet 190 No. 28.

B437.3. B437.3. Helpful squirrel. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.--India: Thompson-Balys.--Chinese: Graham.--Africa (Fang): Trilles Bulletin de la Sociйtй Neuchвteloise de Geographie XVI 238ff. No. 23.

B437.4. B437.4. Helpful rabbit (hare). Fb ”hare“ IV 201a; Dh I 276ff.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“.--Japanese: Anesaki 318.

B441. B441. Helpful wild beasts--primata.

B441.1. B441.1. Helpful monkey. Penzer IX 47 n. 1; BP I 331.--Jewish: Neuman.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries‘ List No. 180.--Chile: Pino Saavedra 402, 404.

B441.1.1. B441.1.1. Helpful ape. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 180.--Africa: Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens 48ff. No. 4, 55ff. No. 5, Basset Contes populaires d’Afrique 133ff. No. 52, (Bambara): Travйlй Proverbes et Contes Bambara 200f. No. 65, (Temne): Schlender 87ff. No. 7, (Swahili): Steere 13ff.

B443. B443. Helpful wild beasts--ungulata.

B443.1. B443.1. Helpful deer (stag, doe). *Fb ”hjort“, ”hind“.--Irish myth: Cross; Saints‘ legend (Irish): Plummer cxlii--cxliv.--Jewish: Neuman.--India: *Thompson-Balys.--Korean: Zong in-Sob 22 No. 11.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 159 No. 19.

B443.2. B443.2. Helpful antelope. Southeastern Africa: Macdonald FL III 352ff. No. 4.

B443.3. B443.3. Helpful elephant. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 649; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B443.4. B443.4. Helpful gazelle. BP I 331.

B443.5. B443.5. Helpful wild hog (boar). Madagascar: Sibree FLJ II 45ff., Renel Contes de Madagascar I 65ff. No. 9, 140ff. No. 25, Ferrand 102ff. No. 32.

B443.6. B443.6. Helpful hippopotamus. Africa (Ganda): Baskerville King of the Snakes 47f.

B443.7. B443.7. Helpful wild ox. Irish myth: Cross.

B449. B449. Helpful wild beasts--miscellaneous.

B449.1. B449.1. Helpful hedgehog. Dh I 276ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

B449.2. B449.2. Helpful mole. Canadian: Gautier (B449.13).

B449.3. B449.3. Helpful bat. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 318 n. 151 b.

B450. B450. Helpful birds. *Kцhler-Bolte I 185, 277; *Type 781; *Chauvin II 109 No 73, V 242 No. 142; *Basset 1001 Contes III 295; *Fb ”fugl“; Wesselski Mдrchen 231.--Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101; Irish myth: Cross; English: Child Eng.-Scot. Pop. Ballads II 113 n., 356ff., 362f., 365f., III 4, 8; IV 412, 482, 485f.; V 234.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri French: Carriиre.--Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys Japanese: Ikeda.--Indonesian: De Vries’ List No. 209.--Mono-Alu: Wheeler 20, 36, 46, 60f.--Papua: Ker 41, 45, 57, 64, 103.--New Hebrides: Codrington No. III 8. N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Alexander N. Am. 81.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 140 No. 16, (Ekoi): Talbot 233, (Angola): Chatelain 145 No. 14, (Kaffir): Theal 37, 47, 127, (Swahili): Steere 199, (Basuto): Jacottet 104 No. 15.

B451. B451. Helpful birds--passeriformes.

B451.1. B451.1. Helpful lark. Madagascar (Imerina): Ferrand Contes populaires Malgaches 102ff. No. 32.

B451.2. B451.2. Helpful nightingale. *Chauvin II 117 No. 97; India: Thompson-Balys.

B451.3. B451.3. Helpful wren. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B451.4. B451.4. Helpful crow. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.--Africa (Hausa): Tremearne FL XXII 464ff. No. 50, Hausa Superstitions and Customs 380 ff. No. 80.

B451.5. B451.5. Helpful raven. *Fb ”ravn“ III 23a; *Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol 588.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 36; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Bшdker Exempler 290 Nos. 45, 46; Jewish: Neuman.--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 53.

B451.6. B451.6. Helpful magpie. Chinese: Werner 190, Graham.

B451.7. B451.7. Helpful sparrow. Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Anesaki 318.

B455. B455. Helpful birds--falconiformes.

B455.1. B455.1. Helpful vulture. Greek: Grote I 105; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B455.2. B455.2. Helpful falcon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B455.3. B455.3. Helpful eagle. See references in B322.1.--*Fb ”fjer“, ”шrn“ IV 1183b; Kцhler-Bolte I 545, 560, *561; Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 433 nn. 24, 26; Gaster Exempla 186 No. 5; Fables: Halm Aesop Nos. 92, 120, Babrius No. 144, Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 338, 339), 127 (ST 353).--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 118; Finnish: Kalevala rune 7; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”oiseau“, ”nid“.--Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--German New Guinea: Dixon 141f.; Africa (Vai): Ellis 242 No. 49.

B455.4. B455.4. Helpful hawk. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

B455.5. B455.5. Helpful kite (bird). Hindu: *Penzer IV 192 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B457. B457. Helpful birds--charidriiformes.

B457.1. B457.1. Helpful dove. (Cf. B362.)--Fable: Halm Aesop No. 296, Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 201), 127 (ST 356); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”talisman“.--Missouri-French: Carriиre, Italian Novella: Rotunda.--Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B457.2. B457.2. Helpful pigeon. Jewish: Neuman.

B461. B461. Helpful birds--coraciiformes.

B461.1. B461.1. Helpful woodpecker. Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5, (Fjort): Dennett 74ff. No. 16.

B461.2. B461.2. Helpful owl. India: Thompson-Balys.

B463. B463. Helpful birds--ciconiiformes.

B463.1. B463.1. Helpful sea-bird. Type 554*.--Saints‘ legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi; Irish myth: Cross.

B463.2. B463.2. Helpful heron. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Ceuici): Alexander Lat. Am. 304.

B463.3. B463.3. Helpful crane. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 323.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 340 n. 227.

B463.4. B463.4. Helpful stork. Hartland Science 194; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B469. B469. Helpful birds--miscellaneous.

B469.1. B469.1. Helpful grebe. Madagascar (Imerina): Ferrand Contes populaires Malgaches 102ff. No. 32.

B469.2. B469.2. Helpful swan. Irish myth: Cross; Saints‘ legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi.--Hindu: Keith 108; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B469.3. B469.3. Helpful goose. *Kцhler-Bolte I 347; India: Thompson-Balys.

B469.3.1. B469.3.1. Helpful wild goose. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges (B469.5); India: Thompson-Balys.

B469.4. B469.4. Helpful duck. Fb ”and“ IV 12b.--Japanese: Anesaki 321, Ikeda; India: Thompson-Balys.

B469.4.1. B469.4.1. Helpful wild duck. Africa (Betsileo): Renel Contes de Madagascar I 140ff. No. 25, (Imerina): Ferrand 102ff. No. 32.

B469.5. B469.5. Helpful cock. *Type 670; *Aarne FFC XV 49ff.; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Fjort): Dennett 105 No. 29.

B469.5.1. B469.5.1. Helpful chicken. Jewish: Neuman.

B469.6. B469.6. Helpful guinea-fowl. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 65 No. 28.

B469.7. B469.7. Helpful turkey. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Cushing 54ff.

B469.8. B469.8. Helpful cuckoo. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 454f.

B469.9. B469.9. Helpful parrot. Clouston II 196ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 252.

B469.9.1. B469.9.1. Helpful paroquet. India: Thompson-Balys.

B469.10. B469.10. Helpful pheasant. Korean: Zong in-Sob 97 No. 53.

B470. B470. Helpful fish. See B375.1. and references.--*Fb ”ring“ III 61a, ”fisk“ I 296.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri-French: Carriиre.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“, Hartland Science 174; Arabian: Burton S V 326; Hindu: Keith 99; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen uit Oost Indiл I No. 72 (also in some versions of No. 35).--Polynesian (Celebes): Dixon *72 n. 56; Indonesian, Japanese, N. Pacific Coast American Indian (Micmac): Dixon *157 n. 6; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 65 No. 3.

B470.1. B470.1. Small fish as helper. Marquesas: Handy 99.

B471. B471. Helpful shark. Fb ”haj“.--Tahiti: Dixon 64; Tonga: Gifford 76; Mono-Alu-Fauru: Wheeler 65.

B472. B472. Helpful whale. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 179.--Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 256ff. Nos. 38, 39, 275 No. 86.--Maori: Dixon 83.

B473. B473. Helpful dolphin. *Chauvin V 4 No. 2; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 868.--Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Fox 101.

B474. B474. Helpful salmon. *Type 675.

B475. B475. Helpful pike. *Fb ”gjedde“.

B476. B476. Helpful eel. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 478, 511.

B477. B477. Helpful octopus. Marquesas: Handy 76.

B480. B480. Helpful insects. India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Graham.

B481. B481. Helpful insects--hymenoptera.

B481.1. B481.1. Helpful ant. (Cf. B362.)--Fb ”myre“. Fable: Halm Aesop No. 296, Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 201), 127 (ST 356).--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”fourmi“, ”animaux“.--Missouri-French: Carriиre.--Africa (Fjort): Dennett 126.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 217, De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 67, II No. 170; Chinese: Graham.

B481.2. B481.2. Helpful termite. Africa (Nao): Held 132ff.

B481.3. B481.3. Helpful bee. *Fb ”bi“ IV 36b.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 15; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 323.

B481.3.1. B481.3.1. Helpful bumblebee. Africa (Ganda): Baskerville 8ff.

B481.4. B481.4. Helpful wasp. *Type 559; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Madagascar): Sibree FLJ I (1883) 45ff.

B481.5. B481.5. Helpful hornet. Type 559; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand 42 No. 6.

B482. B482. Helpful insects--coleoptera.

B482.1. B482.1. Helpful firefly. Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35, II No. 170.

B482.2. B482.2. Helpful dungbeetle. Type 559; *BP II 454 n. 1.

B483. B483. Helpful insects--diptera.

B483.1. B483.1. Helpful fly. Type 772*; Dh II 214.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 209; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B483.1.0.1. B483.1.0.1. Fly warns saint against devil hidden in a cup with liquor. *Loomis White Magic 66.

B483.2. B483.2. Helpful flea. *Chauvin II 197 No. 29.

B484. B484. Helpful insects--lepidoptera.

B484.1. B484.1. Helpful caterpillar. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B489.2).

B485. B485. Helpful insects--hemiptera.

B486. B486. Helpful insects--orthoptera.

B486.1. B486.1. Helpful locusts. Arabian: Burton S VI 9.

B486.2. B486.2. Helpful cricket. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B489. B489. Helpful insects--miscellaneous.

B489.1. B489.1. Helpful spider.1 *Dh I 144, II 66ff.--N. A. Indian (Jicarilla Apache): Russell JAFL XI 256; *Loomis White Magic 66; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen V 141; India: Thompson-Balys.

B490. B490. Other helpful animals.2

B491. B491. Helpful reptile.

B491.1. B491.1. Helpful serpent. *Types 612, 670, 672, 673; *BP I 128, 131, II 463; Dh I 276ff. (cf. A2145.2), IV 147ff. (Type 560); *Fb ”hugorm“ I 666; ”snog“ III 436b, ”blad“ IV 44a; *Chauvin II 106 No. 71, VII 25 No. 373F n. 5; Kцhler-Bolte I 440; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 648; *Ward Catalogue of Romances III 208; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 141; *Warnke Quellen des Esope der Marie de France 221ff.; Dickson Valentine and Orson 53; *Penzer I 101 n. 1.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri-French: Carriиre.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 86 n. 2, 312 n. 2; Jewish: Neuman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 3; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 132 No. 78; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 78.--Burmese: Scott Indo-Chinese Myth. 274; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 67.--Sumatran: Dixon 163; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 95, No. 52.--Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 163 No. 32, (Zanzibar): Bateman 222 No. 10, (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

B491.2. B491.2. Helpful lizard. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.--N. A. Indian (Jicarilla Apache): Russell JAFL XI 256.

B491.3. B491.3. Helpful crocodile. India: Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Madagascar): Sibree FLJ I 2-2ff., Larrouy RTP IV 305, (Temne): Schlenker Temne Traditions 87ff. No. 7.

B491.4. B491.4. Helpful worm. Chinese, Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 197f.; Jewish: Neuman.

B491.4.1. B491.4.1. Helpful centipede. Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 30.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

B491.4.2. B491.4.2. Helpful angleworm. Chinese: Graham.

B491.5. B491.5. Helpful turtle (tortoise). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 514; Tonga: Gifford 50; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 74ff. No. 16.

B493. B493. Helpful amphibian.

B493.1. B493.1. Helpful frog. *Type 402, 440, 670B*; *BP I 1ff. (Gr. No. 1), II 30ff. (Gr. No. 63).--Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys: Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 30, 180.--Chile: Pino Saavedra 405.--Africa (Zulu): Callaway 241, (Ba Ronga): Einstein 288, (Basuto): Jacottet 202 No. 30.

B493.2. B493.2. Helpful toad. Type 402; BP II 30ff. (Gr. No. 63).--Missouri-French: Carriиre; Chinese: Graham.

B495. B495. Helpful crustacean.

B495.1. B495.1. Helpful crab. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 41 No. 6.

B495.2. B495.2. Helpful lobster. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 180.

B498. B498. Helpful mythical animal.

B498.1. B498.1. Helpful dragon. (Cf. B11.)--Italian Novella: Rotunda, Swiss Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 17; Chinese: Graham.

B500--B599.

B500--B599. Services of helpful animals.

B500. B500. Magic power from animals.--Type 675; Fb ”шnske“ III 1179a.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Missouri French: Carriиre; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 317 n. 146c; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 71 No. 3. (Cf. B100--B199 Magic animals.)

B501. B501. Animal gives part of body as talisman for summoning its aid. *Types 531, 552, 553; BP III 18ff., 424ff.; Malone PMLA XLIII 407; *Fb ”fjer“ I 301, ”hеr“ I 771b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v ”talisman“; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Persian: Carnoy 290, 331.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 85, (Swahili): Steere 199; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VIII 102.

B501.1. B501.1. Buffalo give hero horns for summoning them.

B501.1.1. B501.1.1. Merry horn and angry horn for summoning buffalo. When all is well hero is to blow on merry-horn; when in trouble on angry-horn.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B501.2. B501.2. Kite teaches rhyme by which he may be summoned for help. India: Thompson-Balys.

B501.3. B501.3. Animal gives jewel for summoning him when in need of help. India: Thompson-Balys.

B501.4. B501.4. Birds give hero feather to burn if he is in difficulty. India: Thompson-Balys.

B505. B505. Magic object received from animal. *Types 560, 561; *Aarne MSFO XXV 3--82; BP II 451ff., 537; Type 554*; *Kцhler-Bolte I 440; Hartland Perseus III 199; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”talisman“; Missouri-French: Carriиre.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 37 No. 24.--Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 221 No. 10, (Basuto): Jacottet 214 No. 31. See also references in B375.1.

B505.1. B505.1. Magic object received from animal brother-in-law. *Type 552.--N. A. Indian (Micmac): Thompson CColl II 409ff.

B505.2. B505.2. Animal tells hero where to find magic object. (Cf. B560.)--French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

B505.3. B505.3. Magic song received from fish. (cf. B470.)--Chinese: Graham.

B510. B510. Healing by animals.

B511. B511. Animal as healer.

B511.1. B511.1. Snake as healer. *Chauvin VII 25 No. 373 F note 5; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 648; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

B511.1.1. B511.1.1. Snake creeps into man‘s mouth and heals him. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 132 No. 78; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 78.

B511.1.2. B511.1.2. Snake heals mutilated maiden with magic herbs. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B511.1.3. B511.1.3. Helpful hedgehog forces snake to suck out poison from bitten raja. India: Thompson-Balys.

B511.2. B511.2. Pig as healer.

B511.2.1. B511.2.1. Magic pig heals wound its skin touches. Irish myth: Cross.

B511.2.2. B511.2.2. Magic pig heals wounds by licking. Irish myth: Cross.

B511.3. B511.3. Faithful horse pushes sleep thorn out of its master’s head, so that he awakes. Icel.: Boberg.

B511.4. B511.4. Rat cures man of wound. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE 143 III 685.

B511.5. B511.5. Bird heals man. Chinese-Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 185f.; Alu: Wheeler 60; Papua: Ker 103.

B511.5.1. B511.5.1. Vulture cures blindness. India: Thompson-Balys.

B512. B512. Medicine shown by animal. It heals another animal with a medicine (herb, water, etc.) and thus shows the man the remedy. Sometimes the medicine resuscitates the dead. (The animal is most frequently the serpent. (Cf. B491.)--*Type 160, 303, 590, 612; *BP I 128; Chauvin II 106 No. 71; Kittredge Gawain 153 n. 4; Wesselski Mдrchen 239f. No. 50.--*Krappe Papers and Trans. of Jubilee Cong. of Folk-Lore Soc. 277ff.--*Fb ”blad“ IV 44a; *Frazer Apollodorus I 312 n. 2.--Icel.: Boberg, Vцlsunga saga ch. 8.; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 354 n. 279.

B513. B513. Remedy learned from overhearing animal meeting. The hero learns how to cure his own blindness and the sickness of the king (princess).--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.--See references for B235.

B514. B514. Animal fetches remedy for man. Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B514.1. B514.1. Grateful fox fetches fox liver as remedy. Japanese: Mitford 261ff.

B514.2. B514.2. Bee fetches balm from heaven to restore hero‘s speech. Finnish: Kalevala rune 15.

B514.3. B514.3. Snake gives man antidote for poison. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 163 No. 32.

B515. B515. Resuscitation by animals. *Types 300, 665. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B516. B516. Sight restored by animal. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 31, Rasmussen I 312, III 203, Rink 100, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 169, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 169, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 626.

B520. B520. Animals save person’s life. See also B540.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 372 n. 1 (horse).--Icel.: *Boberg; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Panchatantra III 8 (tr. Ryder) 334; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1260; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 25, 28, 31, 84; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen 76.

B521. B521. Animal warns of fatal danger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; U.S.: Baughman; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 75, (Fang): Trilles 138, (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

B521.1. B521.1. Animal warns against poison. Fable: Halm Aesop No. 120, Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 338), 127 (ST 353), (eagle).--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 76 No. 12 (ox).

B521.1.1. B521.1.1. Horse advises hero not to wash in water (as his false wife told him to) or his eyes will pop out.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B521.1.2. B521.1.2. Animal warns man against drinking. India: Thompson-Balys.

B521.2. B521.2. Animal warns against accident.

B521.2.1. B521.2.1. Eagle saves man from falling wall. The grateful eagle swoops down and takes the man‘s hat, and thus gets him away from the wall that is about to fall.--Fable: Babrius No. 144, Halm Aesop No. 92, Wienert FFC 70 (ET 339), 127 (ST 353).

B521.3. B521.3. Animals warn against attack. Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 87.

B521.3.1. B521.3.1. Dogs warn against witch. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 270 No. 82; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452.

B521.3.2. B521.3.2. Cackling geese spread alarm. *Frazer Fasti II 175 n. 5.

B521.3.3. B521.3.3. Flea’s bite alarms king. Robber tells flea of plan to rob king. During the robbery the flea bites and awakens the king.--*Chauvin II 197 No. 29.

B521.3.3.1. B521.3.3.1. Prince awakened by fly on his nose in time to save himself from enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

B521.3.4. B521.3.4. Dog warns of pursuit. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 536.

B521.3.5. B521.3.5. Owl warns other birds from limed net. India: Thompson-Balys.

B521.4. B521.4. Animals warn wife of husband‘s danger. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 252.

B521.5. B521.5. Owl saves man from plunging over cliff. Flaps wings and arrests man’s attention.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 124.

B521.6. B521.6. Birds warn of enemy‘s approach. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 390.

B522. B522. Animal saves man from death sentence. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

B522.1. B522.1. Serpent shows condemned man how to save prince’s life. Bites the prince and then shows the man the proper remedy (cf. B512). By thus ingratiating himself the man is freed from false accusation.--*Type 160; Chauvin II 106 No. 71.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Clouston Tales I 230; Bшdker Exempler 304 No. 75; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa (Vai): Ellis 230 No. 39.

B522.2. B522.2. Kite steals jewels and thus saves condemned man. Innocent man in possession of stolen jewels, is about to be apprehended. Kite carries off the jewels and saves him.--*Penzer IV 192 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B522.3. B522.3. Woman slandered as adulteress is thrown into lion pit. Lions do not harm her.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B522.4. B522.4. Eagle carries off condemned child. Irish myth: Cross.

B522.4.1. B522.4.1. Circling cranes carry away girl. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 480.

B523. B523. Animal saves man from pursuer. Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B523.1. B523.1. Spider-web over hole saves fugitive. (Cf. A2221.5.)--Type 967*; *Dh II 66f.--*Wesselski Theorie 42.--Jewish: Neuman, Bin Gorion; Born Judas@2 III 115ff., Grьnbaum Neue Beitrдge zur Semitischen Sagenkunde 195; Lappish: Qvigstad Lappiske Eventyr I No. 32, II No. 68.--India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Fang): Trilles 139.

B523.2. B523.2. Whale fights monster pursuing saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B523.3. B523.3. Great clam fights hero’s pursuer. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 260.

B524. B524. Animal overcomes man‘s adversary. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B524.1. B524.1. Animals overcome man’s adversary by force. English: Wells Manual of Writings 66 (Ywain and Gawain); Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 98 No. 327; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 493, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 187.

B524.1.1. B524.1.1. Dogs kill attacking cannibal (dragon). *Type 300; *BP I 547.--Irish myth: Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 20.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 56 No. 9, (Zulu): Callaway 51, (Kaffir): Kidd 226 No. 1.

B524.1.2. B524.1.2. Dogs rescue fleeing master from tree refuge. *Parsons Zs. f. Ethnologie LIV 1--29, MAFLS XVII 271 No. 82.--See also most of African references in B421.

B524.1.2.1. B524.1.2.1. Dogs break bonds and kill master‘s attacker. Type 327; India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.1.3. B524.1.3. Cat kills attacking rat. Japanese: Ikeda, Mitford 253ff.

B524.1.4. B524.1.4. Wolf defends master’s child against serpent. Malone PMLA XLIII 420; Irish myth: Cross.

B524.1.4.1. B524.1.4.1. Dog defends master‘s child against animal assailant. Irish myth: Cross.

B524.1.5. B524.1.5. Helpful buffaloes tramp hero’s enemies to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.1.5.1. B524.1.5.1. Helpful buffaloes save hero from tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.1.6. B524.1.6. Helpful bird kills snake attacking master‘s wife and child. Africa (Mbundu): JAFL XXXV 136ff. No. 16.

B524.1.7. B524.1.7. Horse kills master’s attacking enemies. Irish myth: Cross.

B524.1.8. B524.1.8. Shut in with elephants, blackbird orders ants to burrow themselves into the elephants‘ brains. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.1.9. B524.1.9. Grateful hawk attacks hero’s enemies. Chinese: Graham.

B524.1.10. B524.1.10. Helpful centipede kills ogre. Chinese: Graham.

B524.1.11. B524.1.11. Hero contests with demons, using fighting animals: cock, goat, bull, horse, wild bull, peacock.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.1.12. B524.1.12. Hero saved from ravaging snake by crab companion. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.2. B524.2. Animals overcome man‘s adversary by strategy. Type 545; BP I 325ff., III 487 (Gr. 33a, 214).--Icel.: Boberg; Indonesian: De Vries’ list No. 48.--Africa (Kaffir): Kidd 230 No. 2, (Ekoi): Talbot 233, (Basuto): Jacottet 114 No. 27.

B524.2.1. B524.2.1. Helpful bees (hornets) sting opposing army. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman, Bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 113ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 323.

B524.2.1.1. B524.2.1.1. Saint sends swarm of bees or wasps against enemies. *Loomis White Magic 65f.

B524.3. B524.3. Helpful snake protects man from attack. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.4. B524.4. Supernatural bird prevents mother from killing babe. Irish myth: Cross.

B524.5. B524.5. Broom, transformed into porcupine, drives away would-be ravisher. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.6. B524.6. Grateful hare raises animal army for hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.7. B524.7. Faithful dog kills would-be murderer of sleeping master. India: Thompson-Balys.

B524.8. B524.8. Chicken picks out one of attacker‘s eyes. Jewish: Neuman.

B525. B525. Animal spares man he is about to devour. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 851.--See all references to B381.

B525.1. B525.1. Tiger hides woman from all other tigers. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 155, 161, (Carib): ibid. 146.

B526. B526. Animal saves man from death by burning.

B526.1. B526.1. Helpful animals quench execution fire. Master is to be burned at stake.--Dh I 315.

B526.2. B526.2. Helpful mare cools boiling bath for master. Hero is made to bathe in boiling mare’s milk. His mare blows on the milk and cools it.--*Kцhler-Bolte I 468.

B527. B527. Animal saves man from death by drowning. Saints‘ legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi (sea birds); Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 747.

B527.1. B527.1. Fish promises to spare man in coming flood. (Cf. B375.1.)--Hindu: Keith 99; India: Thompson-Balys.

B527.2. B527.2. Helpful animal stops leak in Noah’s Ark. Dh I 276ff.

B527.3. B527.3. Owl saves man from drowning: flaps wings to call attention to direction of land. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 125.

B529. B529. Animal saves person‘s life--miscellaneous.

B529.1. B529.1. Animals (sow, bitch, mare) hide boy in their belly to protect him. India: Thompson-Balys.

B529.2. B529.2. Dragon swallows arrow (thunderbolt) intended for hero. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B530. B530. Animals nourish men. Provide food, shelter, or other necessities.--India: Thompson-Balys.--Zanzibar: Bateman 85 No. 6 (ape, lion, snake).

B530.1. B530.1. Mythical frog as host to woman. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146.

B530.2. B530.2. Elephants look after ascetic in jungle. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 44.

B531. B531. Animals provide food for men. *Basset 1001 Contes III 295 (birds); *Wesselski Mдrchen 249 No. 57; Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 21; *Fb ”hind“ I 612 (deer); Alphabet Nos. 361. 636.--Irish myth: Cross, Saints’ legend (Irish): Plummer cxliv (otter).--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”nourriture“ (bird, dog); French Canadian: *Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15 (dog); Missouri-French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No 17 (dragon).--Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 217, II 655, 1158; Chinese: Graham; Africa: Stanley 329, (Angola): Chatelain 129 No. 19; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 143, III 80, 198, Rink 227, 413, 462, Holm 84, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 222, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 638, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 176.--S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 6, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 155.

B531.1. B531.1. Infants fed by bees. *Pease Cicero De Divinatione 391 (Bk. I 79), 597; S. A. Indian (Kaiguб): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 139.

B531.2. B531.2. Unusual milking animal.

B531.2.1. B531.2.1. Does, tigresses, she-wolves milked into pond, which becomes a pond of milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

B531.3. B531.3. Helpful animal recovers magic food-producing skin from river bottom. India: Thompson-Balys.

B531.4. B531.4. Helpful animal drops magic food. India: Thompson-Balys.

B531.5. B531.5. Birds save man from hunger by pitching themselves to roast in fire he has made. India: Thompson-Balys.

B535. B535. Animal nurse. Animal nourishes abandoned child.--*Frazer Fasti II 369ff., especially 369 n. 3, 375; Dickson Valentine and Orson 36, 103, 107, 112, 169; *Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 17ff.; *Nutt FLR IV 1ff.; Penzer II 294; *Fb ”ulv“ III 971 a (Wolf); *BP II 317, III 60ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 22 (doe), 56 (bear), 118, 155 (goat, crow, sow), 280, Frazer Apollodorus I 397, II 47 n. 2, Roscher s.v. ”Achilleus“; Roman: Fox 307 (Romulus and Remus) (wolf); Persian: Carnoy 330; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chien“ (dog); Missouri-French: Carriиre; McCartney Papers of Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters IV (1924) 15--42; Wesselski Theorie 19; Icel.: Юiрriks saga I 302--03 (hind), Boberg; English: Wells 118 (Octovian) (lion); Chinese: Ferguson 41.--N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 387 (Mt. 707), Thompson Tales 316 n. 146b; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Ehrenreich International Congress of Americanists XIV 662.--Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I Nos. 22, 89; India: *Thompson-Balys;--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 104 No. 15, 190 No. 28, (Wakweli): Bender 49f.

B535.0.1. B535.0.1. Cow as nurse cares for children. India: Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.1.1. B535.0.1.1. Bison as nurse for child. India: Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.2. B535.0.2. Bandicoot (large rat) as nurse. Cares for children.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.3. B535.0.3. Goat as nurse for child. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.4. B535.0.4. Dog as nurse for child. India: Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.5. B535.0.5. Abandoned prince grows up in eagle’s nest. India: Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.6. B535.0.6. Frog as nurse for child. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146.

B535.0.7. B535.0.7. Bird as nurse for child. Chinese-Persian: *Coyajee JPASB XXIV 188.

B535.0.7.1. B535.0.7.1. Stork as nurse for child. India: Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.7.2. B535.0.7.2. Crane as nurse for child. India: Thompson-Balys.

B535.0.8. B535.0.8. Tiger as nurse for child. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 161, (Amuesa): ibid. 129.

B535.0.9. B535.0.9. She-wolf as nurse for child. *Loomis White Magic 60; Roman myth: Fox 307.

B535.0.10. B535.0.10. Sheep and oxen protect exposed child. Chinese: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 188.

B535.0.11. B535.0.11. She-wolf cares for baby exposed in the forest. *Loomis White Magic 60.

B535.0.12. B535.0.12. Eagle cares for baby while mother works in field. Africa (Fang): Tessman 134.

B535.0.13. B535.0.13. Crab as nurse for child. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE 143 III 684.

B535.0.14. B535.0.14. Serpent as nurse for child. Greek: Grote I 44; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 529.

B535.1. B535.1. Goat feeds other animals from its body. Permits them to feed from it internally.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 202 No. 32.

B535.2. B535.2. Animal nurses fight with real parent for children. India: Thompson-Balys.

B536. B536. Helpful animal cares for wounded (sick) master.

B536.1. B536.1. Helpful bird cares for blinded master. India: Thompson-Balys.

B537. B537. Animals adopt mysterious housekeeper. India: Thompson-Balys.

B538. B538. Animals provide shelter.

B538.1. B538.1. Bird gives shelter with wings. (Cf. B450.)--Irish myth: Cross; Gьnter Christliche Legende des Abendlandes 125; Singer Zs. f. deutsch. Altertum XXXV 184f.; Dunlop-Wilson History of Fiction I 428; Saintyves Saints Successeurs 134; Dh I 321ff.; Hand. d. Abergl. I 187.--Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 104 No. 15.

B538.2. B538.2. Wolf-tail blankets. Wolves shelter man with their tails.--N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Jones-Michelson PAES VII (1) 77, Carson JAFL XXX 491 No. 1.

B540. B540. Animal rescuer or retriever. Rescue person or retrieve lost object.--Japanese: Anesaki 320.

B540.1. B540.1. Birds throw some of their feathers to the hero in danger and he flies off. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *3270, *404.

B540.2. B540.2. Helpful horse rescues children. India: Thompson-Balys.

B541. B541. Animal rescues man from sea. Type 506; BP III 494ff.; Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte 94; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B541.1. B541.1. Escape from sea on fish‘s back. (See also B551.)--*Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 868; *Chauvin V 4 No. 2.

B541.1.1. B541.1.1. Fish swallows man to rescue him from sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

B541.2. B541.2. Fox rescues man from sea. Type 506; BP III 494ff.;--N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 405ff. (Passamaquoddy, Shuswap).

B541.3. B541.3. Bird rescues man from sea. (Cf. B542, B450.)--*Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte 94.--N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Thompson CColl II 408.

B541.4. B541.4. Dog rescues drowning man. Type 540*.

B541.4.1. B541.4.1. Boat towed by dog. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 505, (Greenland): Rink 196.

B541.5. B541.5. Fish rescues ship. (Cf. B470.)--*Charpentier Kleine Beitrдge 34 n. 1.

B542. B542. Animal carries man through air to safety.

B542.1. B542.1. Bird flies with man to safety. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B542.1.1. B542.1.1. Eagle carries man to safety. *Type 301; BP II 300 (Gr. No. 91). See all references under B322.1.--Irish myth: Cross; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Finnish: Kalevala rune 7; Japanese: Hartland Science 194, Ikeda.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 47, 127, (Vai): Ellis 242 No. 49.

B542.1.2. B542.1.2. Bat rescues man from height. Bat lets him down in a spider-web basket.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 318 n. 151b, Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 95.

B542.1.3. B542.1.3. Measuring worm rescues from a height. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 76.

B542.2. B542.2. Escape on flying horse. (Cf. B41.2.)--*Chauvin V 227f. No. 130; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B542.2.1. B542.2.1. Transportation to fairyland on griffin‘s back. India: Thompson-Balys.

B543. B543. Animal finds stolen person. Scotch: Campbell I 1ff. (dog, hawk, otter).--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 232 No. 34.

B543.0.1. B543.0.1. Animal helps on quest for vanished wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

B543.1. B543.1. Bottlefly finds stolen woman in sky. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 79.

B543.2. B543.2. Animal finds stolen goods. India: Thompson-Balys.

B543.3. B543.3. Stolen child rescued by animal nurse. (Cf. B535.)--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; *Krappe Balor 80ff.

B543.3.1. B543.3.1. Elephant rescues stolen girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

B544. B544. Animal rescues captive. *Fb ”hцj“ I 741 b (fox); Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 17 No. 8.--Africa (Zulu): Callaway 147, 241 (dog, frog), (Cameroon): Meinhof 88, 102.

B544.1. B544.1. Animals help imprisoned master. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 180.

B545. B545. Animal rescues from trap (net). *Type 75. See references to B363.--Penzer V 79 n. 2 (mouse); Japanese: Ikeda.

B545.1. B545.1. Deer in net freed by friendly animals, a crow, a mouse and a tortoise. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B545.2. B545.2. Rat (mouse) gnaws net. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B546. B546. Animal searches for dead man. Breton: Sйbillot s.v. ”mort“ (dog).

B547. B547. Animal rescues man from dangerous place.

B547.1. B547.1. Animal rescues man from well. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B547.2. B547.2. Raven rescues man from pit. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B542.3).

B547.2.1. B547.2.1. Man falls in hole with horse; buzzards gather; he lassoes a number of buzzards, ties them together, frightens them; all fly at once, carry him from hole. (Tall tale.) Cf. Type 1882.--U.S.: Baughman.

B547.3. B547.3. Centaur rescues man from beast-infested jungle. Greek: Grote I 109.

B547.4. B547.4. Frog rescues man from kingdom of the snakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

B548. B548. Animal retrieves lost object.

B548.1. B548.1. Animals recover lost wishing ring. Grateful cat, dog, and snake compel mouse to steal it from thief.--*Type 560; **Aarne MSFO XXV 3--82; *BP II 455ff.; Dh IV 147ff.--Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Indonesian: De Vries’ list No. 186; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 24ff. No. 13, 68.

B548.1.1. B548.1.1. Martens recover lost magic ring from kite. India: Thompson-Balys.

B548.1.2. B548.1.2. Otters recover lost magic ring from fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

B548.2. B548.2. Fish brings lost object from bottom of sea.

B548.2.1. B548.2.1. Fish recovers ring from sea. *Type 554; *BP II 19ff.; *Fb ”gjedde“ I 440a, ”ring“ III 61a; Wьnsche (A.) Die Sage vom Ring des Polykrates in der Weltliteratur (Beilage zur Allgemeinen Zeitung, 1893, Nos. 179, 180, 185, 188); Chauvin V 17; Kцhler-Bolte II 209; Clouston Tales I 398ff.; Saintyves Essais de folklore biblique 402.--Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 101; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 69 No. 515; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys. Cf. L412.1. Woman casts ring into sea.

B548.2.2. B548.2.2. Fish recovers key from sea. *Type 554; *BP II 19ff.; *Fb ”haj“ I 534, ”fisk“ I 296, ”ring“ III 61a.--Irish myth: Cross, Beal XXI 308; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B548.2.2.1. B548.2.2.1. Frog recovers keys from sea. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

B548.2.2.2. B548.2.2.2. Duck recovers lost key from sea. German: Grimm No. 62.

B548.2.3. B548.2.3. Fish recovers lost fish-hook from sea. Hatt Asiatic Influences 90f.; *Dixon 157 n. 6 (Indonesian, Japanese, N. Pac. Coast Am. Indian, Micmac); Japanese: Ikeda.

B548.2.4. B548.2.4. Fish recovers pen from sea. *Type 531.

B548.2.5. B548.2.5. Fish recovers lost urn from sea. Irish myth: Cross.

B548.3. B548.3. Otter retrieves lost magic object from bottom of lake. India: Thompson-Balys.

B548.4. B548.4. Ducks recover lost object from water. Madagascar (Marofotsy): Renel Contes de Madagascar I 65ff. No. 9.

B548.5. B548.5. Frog recovers Sacred Host from water. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

B548.6. B548.6. Jewel recovered from sea by helpful parrot. India: Thompson-Balys.

B549. B549. Animal rescuer--miscellaneous.

B549.1. B549.1. Girl saved by lion from ravishment. (Cf. B443.)--Alphabet No. 775; *Loomis White Magic 58; U.S.: Baughman.

B549.2. B549.2. Dragon makes bridge across stream for holy man. (Cf. B11.)--Jewish: Bin Gorion Born Judas@2 II 170, 349.

B549.3. B549.3. Abandoned child rescued by dog. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B549.4. B549.4. Animal rescues from cave. Chinese: Eberhart FFC CXX 180.

B549.5. B549.5. Hero saved from ravaging snake by crab companion. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B550. B550. Animals carry men.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

B551. B551. Animal carries man across water. India: Thompson-Balys.

B551.1. B551.1. Fish carries man across water. See also B541.1; also all references in R246.--Gunter Die Christliche Legende des Abendlandes 17, 56, 80 (dolphin).--Chinese: Werner 366.--*Dixon 72 n. 56 (Hawaii, Tahiti, Celebes).

B551.1.0.1. B551.1.0.1. Fish carries man to upper world. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 42 No. 302* A.

B551.2. B551.2. Aquatic bird carries man across water. India: Thompson-Balys.

B551.2.1. B551.2.1. Parrots carry couple across the sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

B551.3. B551.3. Crocodile carries man across river (ocean). India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 365.

B551.4. B551.4. Water snake carries boy across river. India: Thompson-Balys.

B551.5. B551.5. Turtle (tortoise) carries person across river (ocean). Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 997; Tonga: Gifford 53.

B552. B552. Man carried by bird. See all references in B542.1. and B542.1.1.--Chauvin V 230 No. 130, VII 12; *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 433 nn. 24, 26.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 37 n. 4 (Ganymede); Jewish: Neuman*, Bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 228; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”nid“; Irish myth: Cross, Saints’ legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi.--Missouri-French: Carriиre.--German New Guinea: Dixon 141f. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 38f.; Africa: Stanley 83, (Boloki): Weeks 202f., (Upoto): Einstein 138, (Pangwe): Tessman 370, (Fang): ibid. 160.

B552.1. B552.1. Alexander carried by two birds with meat held in front of them. Jewish: Neuman; Gaster Exempla 186 No. 5.

B552.2. B552.2. Man carried by peacock. India: Thompson-Balys.

B552.3. B552.3. Indra carried by cock. India: Thompson-Balys.

B555. B555. Animals serve as bridge across stream. Jewish: Neuman (snake); Persian: Carnoy 289 (ox); Burmese: Scott Indo-Chinese 274 (snake); Chinese: Werner 190 (magpie); Korean: Zong in-Sob 6 No. 2. (fish and tortoise).--India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Ceuici): Alexander Lat. Am 304 (herons).

B556. B556. Sea-beast allows voyager to land upon his back. Irish myth: Cross.

B557. B557. Unusual animal as riding-horse. *BP II 483 (Gr. 108) (cock); Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 72f. (goat, goose, snake); *Fb ”buk“ IV 77a (goat); Penzer II 143.--Missouri-French: Carriиre; Icel.: Boberg; English: Wells 114 (lion, unicorn, leopard); Jewish: Bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 148; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 392 (tiger).

B557.1. B557.1. Man carried on goat‘s horns. (Goat is transformed man.)--German: Grimm No. 163.

B557.2. B557.2. Saint carried by wild oxen. Irish myth: Cross.

B557.3. B557.3. Man carried by deer. Irish myth: Cross; *Loomis White Magic 61; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B557.4. B557.4. Crocodile as means of transportation for a saint. *Loomis White Magic 64.

B557.5. B557.5. Person carried by lion. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B557.6. B557.6. Magic dog carries owner in his ear. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 64.

B557.7. B557.7. Person carried by cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

B557.8. B557.8. Person carried by cobra. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B557.9. B557.9. Person carried by locust. India: Thompson-Balys.

B557.10. B557.10. Person carried by tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B557.11. B557.11. Person (animal) carried by elephant.

B557.11.1. B557.11.1. Hero rides on animated wax elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

B557.11.2. B557.11.2. Hero rides on winged elephant.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B557.11.3. B557.11.3. Hare rides on winged elephant. Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 12.

B557.12. B557.12. Person carried by peacock.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

B557.13. B557.13. Jackal rides on fox. India: Thompson-Balys.

B557.14. B557.14. Person carried by frog. India: Thompson-Balys.

B557.15. B557.15. Wolf carries man. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B558. B558. Unusual draft-animal.

B558.1. B558.1. Boat drawn by swans (geese). **Boekenoogen Ridder metter Swane 166ff.--Krappe Balor 44; *Fb ”svane“ III 664--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 262.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 358 n. 287 n.

B558.2. B558.2. Swans harnessed to chariot. Chauvin V 230 No. 130.--Greek: Sappho ”Ode to Aphrodite“ (Team of sparrows).--Hindu: Keith 108, Penzer VIII 151f.

B558.3. B558.3. Hen hitched to wagon. *Fb ”hцne“ I 750b.

B558.4. B558.4. Deer hitched to wagon. Irish myth: Cross.

B558.5. B558.5. Mice hitched to wagon. Fb. ”mus“.

B558.6. B558.6. Wild animals yoked by saint to his plough. *Loomis White Magic 60.

B558.7. B558.7. Winged serpents pull chariot through sky. Greek: Grote I 112 (Medea).

B559. B559. Animals carry men--miscellaneous.

B559.1. B559.1. Man carried by toad. Chinese: Graham.

B560. B560. Animals advise men. Type 400 and references on the whole section in this work concerned with Helpful Animals (B300--599), since advice is very frequently part of the help.--*BP I 134; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 28.

B560.1. B560.1. Grateful dragon king gives hero advice. Korean: Zong in-Sob 170, No. 73.

B561. B561. Animals tell hero their secrets. Do so voluntarily.--*BP II 482.

B562. B562. Animals’ advice leads man to wealth. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B562.1. B562.1. Animal shows man treasure. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 78 No. 651.--India: *Thompson-Balys; *Norlind Skattsдgner 37ff., 41ff.; Chauvin II 109 No. 73, *117 No. 97.--Chinese: Graham, Werner 380; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Swahili): Steere 13ff.

B562.1.0.1. B562.1.0.1. Helpful animal discovers jewel. Africa (Swahili): Steere 13ff., Meinhof Afrikanische Mдrchen 9ff. No. 1, Bateman 99ff. No. 7.

B562.1.1. B562.1.1. Hogs root up gold (treasure) for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B562.1.2. B562.1.2. Horse kicks up jewel. Irish myth: Cross.

B562.1.3. B562.1.3. Birds show man treasure. Doves saved by monk from death show him where to dig for treasure.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Bшdker Exempler 305 No. 77.

B562.2. B562.2. Animal advises about investment. Chinese: Werner 381 (fox).

B563. B563. Animals direct man on journey. Type 400; Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt I 190f.; Dickson Valentine and Orson 54 n. 67; *Gьnter Christliche Legende des Abendlandes 235 s.v. ”Fьhrung“; *DeCock Studien en Essays 200ff.; *Fb ”Ravn“ III 23a.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 33, (Basuto): Jacottet 140 No. 20, 202 No. 30, (Ekoi): Talbot 209.

B563.1. B563.1. Lion leads lost king from forest. (Cf. B431.2.)--Dickson Valentine and Orson 123 n. 75.

B563.1.1. B563.1.1. Horses carry lost riders to safety. India: Thompson-Balys.

B563.1.2. B563.1.2. Chimpanzee leads lost hunter home. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen 146.

B563.2. B563.2. Birds point out road to hero. (Cf. B151.0.3.).--E. Norden P. Vergilius Maro Жneis Buch VI p. 170; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 216 (ravens); Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

B563.3. B563.3. Squirrel points out road. India: Thompson-Balys.

B563.4. B563.4. Animal leads cleric to holy place. Irish myth: Cross (B549.7).

B563.4.1. B563.4.1. Animal leads lost man home. Irish myth: Cross (B549.7).

B563.4.1.1. B563.4.1.1. Tiger guides lost man home; hence men do not eat tigers. India: Thompson-Balys.

B563.4.1.2. B563.4.1.2. Jackal leads lost men out of wilderness. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B563.5. B563.5. Wild leopards guide Jesus and the Holy Family through wilderness in flight to Egypt. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

B563.6. B563.6. Birds as scouts. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 466.

B563.7. B563.7. Bird conducts navigators to landing place. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 92.

B565. B565. Parrot gives advice to queen playing chess, and she always wins. India: Thompson-Balys.

B569. B569. Animals advise men--miscellaneous.

B569.1. B569.1. Owl advises old man of projected visit by gods (in disguise). India: Thompson-Balys.

B569.2. B569.2. Owl advises old man where to plant his crops after listening in to council of gods concerning rainfall distribution for the year.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B569.3. B569.3. Mosquito gives hero advice as to which choice to make. Korean: Zong in-Sob 18 No. 8.

B570. B570. Animals serve men. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B571. B571. Animals perform tasks for man. *Type 554; BP I 134, II *21ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 397; *Fb ”fugl“ I 381a; Kцhler Zs. f. Vksk. VI 71 (to Gonzenbach No. 32).--Arabian: Burton S VI 9--11.--Indonesian, Malay: Dixon 216, 217, *218 n. 23.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 28, 80 No. 46.--Carib: Alexander Lat. Am. 264; Chincha: ibid. 231; Quichй: ibid. 174; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B571.1. B571.1. Animals help man overcome monster with external soul. Discover where he keeps his soul.--BP I 134; Type 302.--Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B571.2. B571.2. Animal who arrives late performs tasks for man. (Cf. L147.1.)--Cosquin I 49f.; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B571.3. B571.3. Animals fight together with their master. Icel.: *Boberg.

B571.4. B571.4. Bear husks millet for man. India: Thompson-Balys.

B572. B572. Animals as carpenter (builder). Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 188, II 819.

B572.1. B572.1. Animals build palace (house) for man. India: Thompson-Balys; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 536 (rats).

B572.2. B572.2. Birds build canoe for master. Maori: Clark 98.

B574. B574. Animals as domestic servants. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 798 (elephant).

B575. B575. Animal as constant attendant of man. *Pauli (ed Bolte) No. 649; Type 74*; Fb (”orne“ II 760, ”ravn“) III 23a (boar, raven); *Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol 588 (ravens).--Irish myth: Cross; Scotch: Campbell II 279--289; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 13; English: Wells 20 (William of Palerne), 118f. (Octovian); Jewish: Neuman (steer); Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 921 (owl), Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 37 (birds); Maori: Clark 54 (birds); Africa (Angola): Chatelain 53 No. 2.

B575.1. B575.1. Wild animals kept as dogs. Icel.: *Boberg; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 308 n. 113d; Eskimo (E. Greenland): Rasmussen I 318, 363, Rink 248 (fox), (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 599 (walrus).

B575.2. B575.2. Bird rests on person’s shoulders. Type 709.--Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 2 (and note 2).

B576. B576. Animal as guard. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 77 (shark), 84; Fiji: Beckwith Myth 131 (hawk, prawn).

B576.1. B576.1. Animal as guard of person or house. Rцsch FFC LXXVII 107 (Type 516); *Fb ”bjшrn“ IV 42a, ”lшve“ II 518; Chauvin VI 6 No. 182; *Loomis White Magic 63; Dickson Valentine and Orson 198; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; English: Wells 60 (Syre Gawene and the Carle of Carelyle).--Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 704 (elephant); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 24 (bird), 129 (shark), 84, 349 (dog).--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 308 n. 113c.--Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 273 No. 86; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 55 No 28.

B576.1.1. B576.1.1. Guardian animals evaded. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 367 n. 113a.

B576.1.2. B576.1.2. Robbers frightened by grateful dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

B576.2. B576.2. Animals guard treasure. *Fb ”hцne“ I 750b, ”hund“, I 675 b (hen, dog)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”animaux“; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 9, 325 No. 4.--*Norlind Skattsдgner 53; *Winter Deutsche Schatzsagen 54, 61; Danish: Kristensen Da. Sagn III (1895) 455ff.; (1931) 311ff.--England-U.S.: *Baughman (dog, cat, sow, goat, snake, bird, crow, raven, cock, drake, swan and night-bird). India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham (tiger).

B576.3. B576.3. Animal as herdsman.

B576.3.1. B576.3.1. Fish guards cow for master. India: Thompson-Balys.

B576.4. B576.4. Animal guards master‘s dead body. Jewish: Neuman.

B576.5. B576.5. Animal as guard of shop. Azov JPASB II 403.

B578. B578. Dogs track down law-breakers. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B579. B579. Animals serve man otherwise.

B579.1. B579.1. Animal accompanies man on journey. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

B579.2. B579.2. Helpful cow strikes at flies, while boy eats. Chinese: Graham.

B579.3. B579.3. Animal corrects examination paper for his rescuer. Chinese: Graham.

B579.4. B579.4. Animals help repair leaky pot. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B579.5. B579.5. Serpent acts as a rope to collect wood for man. India: Thompson-Balys.

B579.6. B579.6. Faithful dog is offered as security for a debt. India: Thompson-Balys.

B579.7. B579.7. Animal earns money for master. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 166.

B580. B580. Animal helps men to wealth and greatness. *Type 671; BP I 322; *Ward Catalogue of Romances III 208, Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 141, *Warnke Quellen des Esope der Marie de France 221ff.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 189; Papua: Ker XLI 147.

B581. B581. Animal brings wealth to man. *Type 545; BP I 325, *331; Fb ”hjort“ I 625a, ”kat“ IV 225b.--Breton: Hartland Science 174; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman: India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda, Mitford 270 ff.

B582. B582. Animal helps person to success in love.

B582.1. B582.1. Animal wooer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B582.1.1. B582.1.1. Animal wins wife for his master (Puss in Boots). *Type 545B; BP I 325, III 487; Fb ”kat“ IV 255b.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 89 No. 48; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 336.

B582.1.1.1. B582.1.1.1. Goose brings master sleeping princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

B582.1.2. B582.1.2. Animal wins husband for mistress. *Type 545A; *BP I 325ff., III 487.--Indonesian: De Vries‘ List Nos. 180, 209 (monkey, bird).

B582.2. B582.2. Animals help hero win princess. *Type 554, 559, cf. 552, 553; *BP I 134, II 21, 454 n. 1, III 425.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 28.

B582.2.1. B582.2.1. Hero carried by bird to mistress’ chamber. *Chauvin V 242 No. 142.

B582.2.2. B582.2.2. Rat digs underground passage to girl‘s chamber for hero. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B582.2.3. B582.2.3. Swan as matchmaker. India: Thompson-Balys.

B582.2.4. B582.2.4. Bee as matchmaker. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 175f.

B582.2.5. B582.2.5. Dove helps deity draw his wife into a net. Marquesas: Handy 115.

B583. B583. Animal gives treasure to man. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Yoruba): Frobenius Atlantis X 222ff., No. 14, (Swahili): Stigand Black Tales for White Children 97ff. No. 15.

B583.1. B583.1. Grateful whales disgorge gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

B584. B584. Animal gives man other gifts. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 29.

B584.1. B584.1. Fox holds in its mouth a beautiful flower which he gives to hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

B587. B587. Animal wins contest for man.

B587.1. B587.1. Magic horse wins jumping contest for man. India: Thompson-Balys.

B587.2. B587.2. Fly helps loathly suitor pass suitor test. India: Thompson-Balys.

B587.3. B587.3. Grateful bull draws one hundred carts for wager for master. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 29.

B589. B589. Animal helps man to wealth and greatness--miscellaneous.

B589.1. B589.1. Eagle regains throne for deposed king. India: Thompson-Balys.

B590. B590. Miscellaneous services of helpful animals.

B591. B591. Animal avenges murder. Jewish: Neuman.

B591.0.1. B591.0.1. Animals refuse to devour Cain to avenge murder of Abel. Jewish: Neuman.

B591.1. B591.1. Lion kills wolf who has killed mistress‘ sheep. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 131 No. 24.

B591.2. B591.2. Horse kicks to death master’s murderer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B592. B592. Animals bequeath characteristics to man. Horse gives him the characteristics of youth (fiery), cow of middle age (avaricious), and the dog of old age (fractious).--Fable: Halm Aesop No. 173; BP III 290; Kцhler-Bolte I 42ff.; Babrius No. 74; Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358).

B593. B593. Animal as house-spirit.

B593.1. B593.1. Snake as house-spirit. *Fb ”snog“ III 436b.

B594. B594. Animal rejuvenates person.

B594.1. B594.1. Bird rejuvenates person. (cf. B172).--*Chauvin VI 73f. No. 239.

B596. B596. Animal helps saint by setting fire to neglected church. Irish myth: Cross.

B597. B597. Cow gives marvelous supply of milk through virtue of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B598. B598. Animal as confederate of adulterous wife.

B598.1. B598.1. Boar as confederate of adulterous wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

B598.2. B598.2. Deer as confederate of adulterous wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

B599. B599. Other services of helpful animals.

B599.1. B599.1. Cock and hen build pyre for benefactor. India: Thompson-Balys.

B599.2. B599.2. Animal helps person pass test. India: Thompson-Balys.

B599.3. B599.3. Elephant draws plow to mark boundaries of empire. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 528.

B600--B699.

B600--B699. Marriage of person to animal.

B600. B600. Marriage of person to animal. Extremely common. Only a few references are given.--*Wesselski Mдrchen 247 No. 57; *Chauvin V 177f. No. 101; Fb ”kvinde“ II 339b; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 303.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 273 n. 3.

B600.1. B600.1. Various animals tried out as wives. Only one accepted.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 348 n. 254b.

B600.1.1. B600.1.1. Various animals tried out as wives: none accepted. India: Thompson-Balys.

B600.2. B600.2. Animal husband provides characteristic animal food. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 52, (Greenland): Thalbitzer 6.

B601. B601. Marriage of person to beast. (Cf. B641, B651).

B601.1. B601.1. Marriage to bear. (Cf. B611.1, B631, B635.1).--*Fb ”bjцrn“ IV 42b.; Icel.: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 64, 178.

B601.1.1. B601.1.1. Bear steals woman and makes her his wife. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

B601.2. B601.2. Marriage to dog. (Cf. B611.2, B641.1.)--Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 272 n. 2.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 165 No. 22; Dobu: Beckwith Myth 349.

B601.3. B601.3. Marriage to rat. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Bшdker Exempler 297 No. 60; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen V 192, (Mpongwe): Nassau 41 No. 6.

B601.3.1. B601.3.1. Marriage to mouse. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B601.4. B601.4. Marriage to leopard. Africa (Benga): Nassau 85 No. 4.

B601.5. B601.5. Marriage to elephant. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 61 No. 27.

B601.6. B601.6. Marriage to lemur. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 349.

B601.7. B601.7. Marriage to monkey. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 183; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 411 s.v. ”Affenmutter“

B601.7.1. B601.7.1. Person plans to marry monkey. India: Thompson-Balys.

B601.8. B601.8. Marriage to swine. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B601.9. B601.9. Marriage to tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 62f.; S. A. Indian (Jivarу): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 142.

B601.10. B601.10. Marriage to deer. Irish myth: Cross.

B601.11. B601.11. Marriage to jackal. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B601.12. B601.12. Marriage to cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

B601.13. B601.13. Marriage to hare. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B601.14. B601.14. Marriage to fox. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 63, 214; Eskimo (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 137, 143; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 174.

B601.15. B601.15. Marriage to jaguar. S. A. Indian (Mataco, Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 62, 64, (Jivarу): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE 143 III 627, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie ibid. I 434, (Yuracare): Mйtraux ibid. III 504.

B601.16. B601.16. Marriage to wolf. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 38, (Bering Strait): Nelson BBAE XVIII 482.--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 49.

B601.17. B601.17. Marriage to coati-puri. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE III 143, 685.

B601.18. B601.18. Marriage to seal. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 153; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 127.

B602. B602. Marriage to bird. (Cf. B644.)--India: *Thompson-Balys.--Marquesas: Handy 120; New Hebrides: Codrington 397; Papua: Ker 57; Mono Alu: Wheeler 20.--Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 52, 75; (Greenland, Cape York): Rasmussen III 57, 83.

B602.1. B602.1. Marriage to eagle. India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 341 n. 231.

B602.2. B602.2. Marriage to fulmar. *N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 272 n. 2.

B602.3. B602.3. Marriage to pigeon. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 78.

B602.4. B602.4. Marriage to vulture. Arawak, Carib: Alexander Lat. Am. 274.

B602.5. B602.5. Marriage to crane. India: Thompson-Balys.

B602.6. B602.6. Marriage to goose. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 47, 77.

B602.7. B602.7. Marriage to parrot. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 175.

B602.8. B602.8. Marriage to kingfisher. Africa (Togo): Einstein 7.

B603. B603. Marriage to fish (whale). (Cf. B612.)--India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.--*N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 341 n. 231.

B603.1. B603.1. Marriage to shrimp. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 144.

B603.2. B603.2. Marriage to eel. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 103.

B604. B604. Marriage to reptile. (Cf. B613, B622.1, B642, B652.)

B604.1. B604.1. Marriage to snake. (Cf. B613.1.)--Fb ”slange“ III 363a; *BP II 251.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 388, 1354; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 49, 176.--Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 272; Buin: Wheeler 43; San Cristoval (Solomon Islands): Beckwith Myth 104.--Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 75, (Greenland): Rink 186, Rasmussen I 148, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 178f., (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 555; (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516.--S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 65.

B604.2. B604.2. Marriage to tortoise. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 134 No. 15.

B604.2.1. B604.2.1. Marriage to turtle. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B604.3. B604.3. Marriage to crocodile. India: Thompson-Balys.

B604.4. B604.4. Marriage to lizard. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Einstein 152.

B604.5. B604.5. Marriage to frog. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 211, (Togo): Einstein 7.

B605. B605. Marriage to dragon. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 64f.

B610. B610. Animal paramour.

B610.1. B610.1. Girl‘s animal lover slain by spying relatives. BP I 69f. (Gr. No. 8a).--Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 267 No. 78.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 345 n. 244.

B611. B611. Beast paramour. (Cf. B601.)

B611.1. B611.1. Bear paramour. (Cf. B601.1., B631, B635.) India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 345 nn. 244, 245.

B611.2. B611.2. Dog paramour. (Cf. B601.2, B642.)--India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 456; Siberian and North Pacific Coast Natives: Jochelson JE VI 374.

B611.3. B611.3. Horse paramour. Hindu: Penzer IV 16, IX 153; Japanese: Ikeda; *N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 348 n. 254a.

B611.3.1. B611.3.1. Sea-horse paramour. Irish myth: Cross.

B611.3.2. B611.3.2. Lake-horse paramour. Irish myth: Cross.

B611.4. B611.4. Bull paramour. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 305 n. (Pasiphoe), I 299 n. 2. (Europa); Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 81 No. 11.

B611.5. B611.5. Deer paramour. Irish myth: Cross.

B611.6. B611.6. Monkey paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

B611.7. B611.7. Rat paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

B611.8. B611.8. Tapir paramour. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 60.

B612. B612. Fish paramour. (Cf. B603.)--*Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 140 n. 1.--Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 187.

B612.1. B612.1. Eel paramour. Maori, Mangaia: Dixon 55; Samoa, Mangaia: Beckwith Myth 103; Hawaii: ibid. 136.

B612.2. B612.2. Dolphin as paramour. Jewish: Neuman.

B613. B613. Reptile paramour. (Cf. B604.)

B613.1. B613.1. Snake paramour. (Cf. B604.1.) Armenian: Ananikian 74; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 332.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 344 n. 239.--S. A. Indian (Warrau, Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 272; (Amazonia) ibid. 286; (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 65f.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 142 No. 20.

B613.1.1. B613.1.1. Snake woman as paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

B613.2. B613.2. Crocodile paramour. Africa (Fang): Trilles 162, (Ekoi): Talbot 333.

B613.3. B613.3. Lizard paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

B614. B614. Bird paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

B620. B620. Animal suitor. Missouri-French: Carriиre.

B620.1. B620.1. Daughter promised to animal suitor. *Types 425, 552; *BP II 232 III 424ff.--India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 65 No. 3.

B621. B621. Beast as suitor.

B621.1. B621.1. Bear as suitor. (Cf. B601.1, B611.1, B635.1.)--Fb ”bjцrn“ IV 43a.

B621.2. B621.2. Lion as suitor. Fable: Halm Aesop No. 249, Babrius No. 98, Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 32), 70 (ET 344), 107 (ST 198).

B621.3. B621.3. Tiger as suitor. Chinese: Graham; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian: (Jivarу): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148.

B621.4. B621.4. Rat as suitor. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B621.5. B621.5. Leopard as suitor. India: Thompson-Balys.

B621.6. B621.6. Pig as suitor. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 77.

B621.7. B621.7. Horse as suitor. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 79.

B621.8. B621.8. Wolf and wolverine fight over girl. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 38.

B622. B622. Reptile as wooer.

B622.1. B622.1. Serpent as wooer. Fb ”slange“ III 363a.; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B622.2. B622.2. Crocodile as wooer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B622.3. B622.3. Tortoise as wooer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B623. B623. Bird as wooer.

B623.1. B623.1. Crane as wooer. India: Thompson-Balys.

B623.2. B623.2. Owl as suitor. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 154.

B623.3. B623.3. Magpie as suitor. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B623.4. B623.4. Crow as suitor. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

B623.5. B623.5. Cock as suitor. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 77.

B625. B625. Fish as wooer.

B625.0.1. B625.0.1. Half-man, half-fish as wooer. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 30.

B630. B630. Offspring of marriage to animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

B631. B631. Human offspring from marriage to animal. *Type 301, 650; *BP II 300ff., 285ff., especially 293; *Dickson Valentine and Orson 123 n. 76; *Krappe Le Moyen Age XLI 96ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Gaster Oldest Stories 169; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Japanese: Anesaki 332; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit MAFLS XI 42; Danish: Boberg.

B631.0.1. B631.0.1. Son warns animal mother. Irish myth: Cross.

B631.0.2. B631.0.2. Boy kills his animal father for reward. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1169.

B631.1. B631.1. Animal mother of man helps him. Burmese: Scott Indo-Chinese 274.

B631.2. B631.2. Human beings descended from seals. Irish myth: Cross.

B631.3. B631.3. Fish bears men-children. Has swallowed rinsings of man’s mouth.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B631.4. B631.4. Lioness bears man child. Africa (Lamba): Doke MAFLS XX 14 No. 11.

B631.5. B631.5. Cow bears man child. Africa (Lamba): Doke MAFLS XX 14 No. 11.

B631.6. B631.6. Tigress bears men-children. India: Thompson-Balys.

B631.7. B631.7. Human offspring of marriage of person and jaguar. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 62, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII I 434.

B631.8. B631.8. Human offspring of marriage of person and lion. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1170.

B631.9. B631.9. Human offspring of marriage of person and snake. S. A. Indian (Tapirape): Wagley-Galvao BBAE 143 III 253.

B632. B632. Animal offspring from marriage to animal. *Fb ”kvinde“ II 339b, ”menneske“ II 577b; *MacCulloch Childhood 263ff.; Cox 487.--Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 413, 465, Holm 56, 82, Rasmussen I 363, III 200, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 167, 226, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 637, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 80.--N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin Hewitt RBAE XXXII No. 9; cf. Thompson Tales 347 n. 247, 248.--Africa (Zulu): Callaway 79, 349.

B633. B633. Human and animal offspring from marriage to animal. *Wesselski Mдrchen 247 No. 57.

B634. B634. Monstrous offspring from animal marriage. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1169, 1354.

B634.1. B634.1. Monstrous offspring of sea-horse and woman. Irish myth: Cross.

B635. B635. Human foster-child with animal qualities.

B635.1. B635.1. The Bear‘s Son. Human son of woman who marries a bear acquires bear characteristics. (Cf. B601.1.)--*Type 301; *BP II 300ff.; Cosquin I 6; MacCulloch Childhood 270; Panzer Beowulf I 246; *Wesselski Mдrchen 249 No. 57; *Fb ”bjшrn“ IV 42b; *Dickson Valentine and Orson 118 nn. 49, 50, 172 n. 30.

B635.1.1. B635.1.1. Eaten meat of bear-lover causes unborn son to have bear characteristics. (Cf. B611.1.)--Hrolfs saga Kraka 53.

B635.1.2. B635.1.2. Bear’s foster child not used to sun and light. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 53.

B635.1.3. B635.1.3. Bear says he is boy‘s father; asks food. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 47.

B635.2. B635.2. Wolf boy (girl) running around with wolf and cubs recovered by parents after six years: recognized by scar. India: Thompson-Balys.

B635.3. B635.3. Child of mortal and deer has deer’s hair on temple. Irish myth: Cross.

B635.3.1. B635.3.1. Culture hero licked by deer mother. Irish myth: Cross.

B635.4. B635.4. Son of dog (”cu,“ person). Irish myth: Cross.

B635.4.1. B635.4.1. Son of three dogs (”con,“ persons). Irish myth: Cross.

B636. B636. Offspring of human and animal intercourse. India: Thompson-Balys.

B640. B640. Marriage to person in animal form.

B640.1. B640.1. Marriage to beast by day and man by night. (Cf. D621.)--*Type 425. See references for D621.--*Tegethoff Amor-Psyche 17; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B641. B641. Marriage to person in beast form. (Cf. B601, B651.)

B641.1. B641.1. Marriage to person in dog form. (Cf. B635.4, D141.)--Irish myth: Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 168; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 421.--Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 244; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 347 n. 247; S. A. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

B641.2. B641.2. Marriage to woman in deer form. (Cf. D114.1.) Irish myth: Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 168; India: Thompson-Balys.

B641.2.1. B641.2.1. Marriage to man in deer form. Africa (Swazi): Bourhill and Drake Fairy Tales from South Africa 212ff. No. 18.

B641.3. B641.3. Marriage to god in bull form. (Cf. B611.4, D133.2)--*Frazer Fasti IV 74 nn. 2, 3 (Europa).

B641.4. B641.4. Marriage to person in ass form. (Cf. D132.1.)--*Type 430.

B641.5. B641.5. Marriage to person in hedgehog form. *Type 441; BP II 234, 482.

B641.6. B641.6. Marriage to person in horse form. Africa (Hausa): Mischlich Neue Mдrchen aus Africa 186ff.

B641.7. B641.7. Marriage to person in monkey form. India: Thompson-Balys.

B641.8. B641.8. Marriage to person in opossum form. S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3). 132.

B642. B642. Marriage to person in bird form. (Cf. B602, D150.).--Type 432; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B643. B643. Marriage to person in insect form.

B643.3. B643.3. Marriage to person in caterpillar form. India: Thompson-Balys.

B644. B644. Marriage to person in fish form. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 52.

B645. B645. Marriage to person in amphibian form.

B645.1. B645.1. Marriage of person to transformed toad. Korean: Zong in-Sob 176 No. 76.

B645.1.1. B645.1.1. Marriage to person in toad form. India: Thompson-Balys.

B645.1.2. B645.1.2. Marriage to person in frog form. India: Thompson-Balys.

B645.2. B645.2. Marriage to person in crocodile form. (Cf. D194.)--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 38; India: Thompson-Balys.

B646. B646. Marriage to person in reptile form. (Cf. B604, B652.)

B646.1. B646.1. Marriage to person in snake form. (Cf. D191.) Type 433.--India: *Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Zulu): Callaway 57, 321, (Kaffir): Theal 48, (Basuto): Jacottet 126 No. 18, 146 No. 20.

B646.1.1. B646.1.1. Marriage to person in form of five-headed snake. Africa (Hausa): Stigand Black Tales for White Children 83ff. No. 13.

B647. B647. Marriage to person in animal form--miscellaneous.

B647.1. B647.1. Marriage to person in crustacean form.

B647.1.1. B647.1.1. Marriage to person in crab form. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B648. B648. Man becomes deer and marries deer. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 348 n. 252.

B650. B650. Marriage to animal in human form. Burmese: Scott Indo-Chinese 272.

B650.1. B650.1. Animal transformed to man wants to marry woman. Indonesian: De Vries’ list No. 156.

B651. B651. Marriage to beast in human form. (Cf. B601, B641.)

B651.1. B651.1. Marriage to fox in human form. *N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 342 n. 233 (”The Fox Woman“).--Chinese: Krappe CFQ III (1944) 124, 129ff., 136f., 141, Eberhard FFC CXX 49, 214.--Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 144, 427, Rasmussen I 150, III 76, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 222--224, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 156, (Ungava) Turner RBAE XI 264; Koryak: Jochelsen JE VI 364; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 144ff.

B651.2. B651.2. Marriage to buffalo in human form. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 222 (”The Piqued Buffalo Wife“).

B651.3. B651.3. Marriage to lion in human form. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 145 No. 15.

B651.4. B651.4. Marriage to dog in human form. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 258; Chinese: Werner 421.

B651.5. B651.5. Marriage to deer in human form. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Maropa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448.

B651.6. B651.6. Marriage to wolf in human form. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 258.--Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 38.

B651.7. B651.7. Marriage to bear in human form. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 176, (Greenland): Holm 82, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 638f., (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 76.

B651.8. B651.8. Marriage to seal in human form. Helge Holmstrцm Svanjung-frumotivet 1919, 84ff.; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 258.

B651.9. B651.9. Marriage to tiger in human form. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B651.10. B651.10. Marriage to squirrel in human form. India: Thompson-Balys.

B651.11. B651.11. Marriage to leopard in human form. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 52.

B652. B652. Marriage to bird in human form.

B652.1. B652.1. Marriage to swan-maiden. See all references for D361.1.

B652.2. B652.2. Man marries crane in human form. Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 324.

B652.3. B652.3. Marriage to dove-maiden. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 260.

B652.4. B652.4. Marriage to woodpecker in human form. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 146.

B653. B653. Marriage to insect in human form.

B653.1. B653.1. Marriage to bee in human form. Indonesian: Dixon 219.

B654. B654. Marriage to fish in human form. Irish myth: Cross (B612.0.1); India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 47f., 142; Africa (Congo): Weeks 216.

B655. B655. Marriage to amphibia in human form.

B656. B656. Marriage to reptile in human form. (Cf. B604, B642.)

B656.1. B656.1. Marriage to python in human form. Africa (Kaffir): Kidd 249.

B656.2. B656.2. Marriage to serpent in human form. Hindu: Penzer VI 73 n. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indo-Chinese: Scott 276; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 66; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 76, 201.--Krappe CFQ III (1944) 138ff.

B659. B659. Marriage to other animals in human form.

B670. B670. Unusual mating between animals.

B671. B671. Goose mates with crow. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 884.

B672. B672. Mythical tiger has family of jaguars. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 155.

B690. B690. Marriage of person to animal--miscellaneous.

B691. B691. Relatives kill animal-husband but wife throws herself into pyre. India: Thompson-Balys.

B700--B799.

B700--B799. Fanciful traits of animals.

B700. B700. Fanciful traits of animals.

B710. B710. Fanciful origin of animals.

B710.1. B710.1. Fanciful origin of the jackal. India: Thompson-Balys.

B710.2. B710.2. Clever and swift horse of fanciful origin.

B710.2.1. B710.2.1. Clever and swift horse fed with worms’ milk on the gold mountain Tecklen in India. Icel.: *Boberg.

B710.2.2. B710.2.2. Clever and swift horse of dromedary-family. Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 239.

B712. B712. Barnacle goose. Goose born from barnacles.--*Chauvin VII 18 No. 373C; Fb ”and“ IV 12b; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. ”Baumgans“; Jewish: Neuman.

B713. B713. Animal born from animal carcass. Jewish: *Neuman.

B713.1. B713.1. Bees born from carcass of ox. Frazer Fasti of Ovid II 157.

B713.2. B713.2. Animal born from putrification. Jewish: Neuman.

B714. B714. Worm (monster) from caul born with child. Irish myth: Cross.

B715. B715. The cow Audhumla sprang from the dripping rime of the creation of the universe. (Cf. A1245.4. and B19.2.1.)--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 324.

B716. B716. Animal born from human or animal bones. Jewish: Neuman.

B717. B717. Animal born from earth. Jewish: Neuman.

B720. B720. Fanciful bodily members of animals.

B721. B721. Cat‘s luminous eye.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”oeil“.; Icel.: Boberg.

B722. B722. Magic stone in animal’s head. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B722.1. B722.1. Magic love-working stone in swallow‘s head.--Fb. ”svale“ III 661b.

B722.2. B722.2. Magic stone in dog’s forehead. Fb ”hund“ I 678.

B722.3. B722.3. Luminous jewel in animal‘s head. *Cosquin Contes indiens 254ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

B722.4. B722.4. Earthworm has light in its tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

B723. B723. Tortoise has no liver or teeth. India: Thompson-Balys.

B724. B724. Spider has no blood in body. India: Thompson-Balys.

B725. B725. Female bears have no breasts to nurse their young; suck paws. Jewish: Neuman.

B726. B726. Double snake--male and female. Africa (Baluba): Einstein 182.

B730. B730. Fanciful color, smell, etc. of animals.

B731. B731. Fanciful color of animal. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.0.1. B731.0.1. Animals of strange and varied coloring. *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt II 322 n. 1.

B731.1. B731.1. Green she-goat. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chиvre“.

B731.2. B731.2. Green horse. Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 7.

B731.2.1. B731.2.1. Horse with crimson mane and green legs. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.2.2. B731.2.2. Artificially colored horses. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.2.3. B731.2.3. Striped horse with purple mane and white feet. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.3. B731.3. Multicolored llama. Wool red, blue, and yellow. No need to dye it for weaving.--Chincha (peru): Alexander Lat. Am. 230.

B731.4. B731.4. Cow with changing colors. Changes every four hours: white, red, black.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 310 n. 3.

B731.4.1. B731.4.1. Cow with white ears. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.4.2. B731.4.2. Cow with red ears. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.5. B731.5. Silver, gold, and diamond birds. Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 162.

B731.6. B731.6. Hound of every color. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.6.0.1. B731.6.0.1. Polychromatic dogs. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.6.1. B731.6.1. Hound half white, half green. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.6.2. B731.6.2. Blue dogs and cats. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.7. B731.7. Fancifully colored deer. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.7.1. B731.7.1. Stag with stripe of every color. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.7.2. B731.7.2. Fawn with golden lustre. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.8. B731.8. Red (green) swine. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.9. B731.9. Purple wether. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.9.1. B731.9.1. Ram with green feet and horns. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.10. B731.10. Multicolored worm (serpent). Irish myth: Cross.

B731.11. B731.11. Blue serpent. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.12. B731.12. Silver fish with gold fins. Irish myth: Cross.

B731.13. B731.13. Bird with changing color. Jewish: Neuman.

B731.14. B731.14. Hyena with three hundred sixty-five different colors. Jewish: Neuman.

B732. B732. Panther‘s sweet smell protects him from other beasts. Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 37ff. (Odo of Cheriton), Hervieux Fabulistes latins IV No. 60.

B733. B733. Animals are spirit-sighted. Scent danger.--Swiss; Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 9--Irish myth: Cross. Cf. B120. Wise animals.

B733.1. B733.1. Balaam’s ass perceives angel. Jewish: Neuman.

B733.2. B733.2. Dogs howling indicates death. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez Perro Negro 115; Fb ”hund“ I 676 b; Hdwb. d. Abergl. IV 473.

B733.2.1. B733.2.1. Cock hears inaudible voice of dying man. Jewish: Neuman.

B735. B735. Bird gives milk. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 102 No. 15, (Kaffir): Theal 33; India: *Thompson-Balys.

B736. B736. Animal sheds tears.

B736.1. B736.1. Bird sheds tears. (Cf. D1505.5.1.)--Spanish Boggs FFC XC 59 No. 425D.; Irish myth. Cross.

B736.2. B736.2. Horse sheds tears (of blood). Irish myth: Cross.

B736.3. B736.3. Dog sheds tears. Irish myth: Cross.

B736.4. B736.4. Fox sheds tears. Jewish: Neuman.

B736.5. B736.5. Stag sheds tears. German: Grimm No. 11.

B736.6. B736.6. Calf sheds tears. Jewish: Neuman.

B737. B737. Fish with coat of wool. Irish myth: Cross.

B738. B738. Animal‘s skin revolves while flesh and bones remain stationary. Irish myth: Cross.

B739. B739. Fanciful color, smell etc. of animals--miscellaneous.

B739.1. B739.1. Magic cock has elixir in his body which makes people light. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 222.

B740. B740. Fanciful marvelous strength of animals.

B741. B741. Lion’s roar causes havoc at 300 miles. At 300 miles all women miscarry, at 200 teeth of all men drop out.--Gaster Exempla 187 No. 7; Jewish: Neuman.

B741.1. B741.1. Cry of giant ox impregnates all fish. Persian: Carnoy 289.

B741.2. B741.2. Neighing of stallion in Assyria impregnates mares in Egypt.--*De Vries FFC LXXIII 375.

B741.3. B741.3. Cow whose bellowing defeats army. *Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 71; Norse: *Boberg.

B741.4. B741.4. Bellow of bull heard over entire land. Irish myth: Cross.

B742. B742. Animal breathes fire. Gaster Oldest Stories 69.

B742.1. B742.1. Lion breathes fire. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”lion“.

B742.2. B742.2. Birds spit fire. English: Wells 104 (Alexander and Dindimus); Irish myth: Cross.

B742.3. B742.3. Fire-breathing horses. Hartland Science 243.

B742.4. B742.4. Fire-breathing dogs. Irish myth: Cross.

B743. B743. Blowing serpent. Can blow through seven church walls but not through a pair of hose.--Fb ”blжseorm“.

B744. B744. Animal travels extraordinary distance. Irish myth: Cross.

B745. B745. Indestructibility of leech. India: Thompson-Balys.

B746. B746. Bear could formerly lift mountain. India: Thompson-Balys.

B747. B747. Animal’s strong teeth.

B747.1. B747.1. Strong teeth of lion. Jewish: Neuman.

B747.2. B747.2. Locusts with jaw teeth strong as lion‘s. Jewish: Neuman.

B747.3. B747.3. Mice gnaw through metal vessels. Jewish: Neuman.

B748. B748. Snake shoots rapids of mighty river. S. A. Indian (Pilcomayo River Tribes): Belaieff BBAE CXLIII (1) 379.

B750. B750. Fanciful habits of animals.

B751. B751. Animal‘s fanciful treatment of their young.

B751.1. B751.1. Snake swallows young to protect them. *Speck JAFL XXXVI 298; England, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Coll. I 637f.

B751.2. B751.2. Pelican kills young and revives them with own blood. Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 37ff. (Odo of Cheriton), Hervieux Fabulistes latins IV No. 57.

B751.3. B751.3. Eagle tests eaglets by having them gaze at sun. Herbert III 38 (Odo of Cheriton), Hervieux Fabulistes latins IV No. 10; Gaster Thespis 30.

B751.4. B751.4. The lion blows first life into its cubs three days after their birth. Zs. fьr deutsche Philol. XXVI 25.

B751.5. B751.5. Animal neglects its young. Jewish: Neuman (raven, jackal, ostrich).

B751.6. B751.6. Wolf strongly attracted to his own children. Jewish: Neuman.

B752. B752. Fanciful behavior of animal at death.

B752.1. B752.1. Swan song. Swan sings as she dies.--Fb ”svane“ III 663b.

B752.2. B752.2. Snake does not die before sunset.--Fb ”orm“ II 759a; U.S.: Baughman.

B752.3. B752.3. Snake kills itself by biting part of body (when in danger or torture). U.S.: Baughman.

B754. B754. Sexual habits of animals. Jewish: *Neuman.

B754.0.1. B754.0.1. Unusual sexual union of animals. Irish myth: Cross.

B754.1. B754.1. Animal changes sex periodically.

B754.1.1. B754.1.1. Hyena changes sex yearly. Fable: Halm Aesop 405, Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 251), 131 (ST 376, 401); Jewish: Neuman.

B754.1.2. B754.1.2. Hare changes sex periodically. Jewish: Neuman.

B754.2. B754.2. Elephants have sexual desire only after eating mandrakes. English: Wells 182 (The Bestiary).

B754.3. B754.3. Lions do not mate with their fellows, but prefer leopards. (Cf. Q551.3.)--*Krappe Balor 82; Frazer Apollodorus I 401.

B754.3.1. B754.3.1. Female rattlesnakes mate with black snakes rather than with male rattlesnakes. U.S.: Baughman.

B754.4. B754.4. Male rabbit bears young. Female rabbit escaped Noah on ark and drowned.--Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 66.

B754.5. B754.5. Cocks kept from intercourse with hens have tenderest meat. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 86.

B754.6. B754.6. Peacock pregnant without intercourse. Male spits up semen and female eats it. This as a curse. (Cf. A2236.5.)--India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman (raven).

B754.6.1. B754.6.1. Unusual impregnation of animal.

B754.6.1.1. B754.6.1.1. Animal impregnated through mouth (ears). Jewish: Neuman.

B754.7. B754.7. Unusual parturition of animal.

B754.7.1. B754.7.1. Crab’s offspring born through its chest. India: Thompson-Balys.

B754.7.2. B754.7.2. Eagle catches gazelle‘s young as it is born. Jewish: Neuman.

B755. B755. Animal calls the dawn. The sun rises as a result of the animal’s call.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 204 No. 32, (Ekoi): Talbot 384.

B756. B756. Gold-digging ants. *Chauvin VII 87 No. 373bis; **F. Schiern Ueber den Ursprung der Sage von den goldgrabenden Ameisen (Copenhagen-Leipzig, 1873).

B757. B757. Rats leave sinking ship. Fb ”rotte“ III 83a.

B758. B758. Eagle renews youth. Feathers fall off and regrow.--*Wensinck ”Tree and Bird as Cosmological symbols in Western Asia“ Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie von Wetenschappen n.s. XXII no. 1 (1921) 38; Hdwb. d. Aberg. I 180 s.v. ”Adler“.--Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 69 (Odo of Cheriton); Gaster Oldest Stories 80.

B761. B761. Turtle holds with jaws till it thunders. Ojibwa: Jones-Michelson PAES VII (2) 347 No. 44; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 167 No. 23.

B762. B762. Monkeys attack by throwing coconuts. *Chauvin VII 22 n. 3.

B762.1. B762.1. Animal attacks by throwing pebbles. Irish myth: Cross.

B765. B765. Fanciful qualities of snakes. (Cf. B91.3, B751.1, B752.2.)--Jewish: *Neuman.

B765.1. B765.1. Snake takes tail in mouth and rolls like wheel. Fb ”stеlorm“.

B765.2. B765.2. Snake lays aside his crown to bathe. Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 2.; India: Thompson-Balys.

B765.3. B765.3. Snake sucks poisonous dew from grass. *Fb ”hugorm“.

B765.4. B765.4. Snake milks cows at night. *Kittredge Witchcraft 484 f. nn. 23, 24.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 9.

B765.4.1. B765.4.1. Snake attaches itself to a woman’s breast and draws away her milk while she sleeps. India: Thompson-Balys.

B765.5. B765.5. Snake crawls from sleeper‘s mouth. Fb ”hugorm“.--Fr. v.d. Leyen Das Mдrchen 39ff.

B765.6. B765.6. Snake eats milk and bread with child. Type 672c.; BP II 463; Fb ”snog“ III 437a.

B765.6.1. B765.6.1. Snake drinks milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

B765.7. B765.7. Jointed snake can join its segments when it is broken into pieces. Chinese: Werner 393; U.S.: Baughman.

B765.7.1. B765.7.1. Snakes may be killed, but do not die. India: Thompson-Balys.

B765.7.2. B765.7.2. Snake grows back together after it has been severed. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.8. B765.8. Snake sucks poison from bite it has itself made. **Wesselski Erlesenes 3ff.

B765.9. B765.9. Poisonous snakes in certain region have no venom. Irish myth: Cross.

B765.10. B765.10. Snake cracks self like coach whip and chases man. North Carolina: Brown Coll. I 637. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.11. B765.11. Snake‘s venom kills tree. North Carolina: Brown Coll. I 637.

B765.12. B765.12. Venomous snakes play with precious stones. Icel.: Boberg.

B765.13. B765.13. Copperhead guides rattlesnake to its prey. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.14. B765.14. Snake has hypnotic stare: person cannot move. U.S.: *Baughman.

B765.14.1. B765.14.1. Serpent reduces man to a heap of ashes by its fiery gaze. India: Thompson-Balys.

B765.15. B765.15. Snake stands up, whistles. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.16. B765.16. Snake has stinger. U.S.: *Baughman.

B765.17. B765.17. Bullets have no effect on giant serpent; only stroke of lightning effective. Ladino: Conzemius BBAE CVI 169.

B765.18. B765.18. Snake avoids object.

B765.18.1. B765.18.1. Snake avoids white ash. U.S.: *Baughman.

B765.18.2. B765.18.2. Snakes will not cross rope made of hair. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.18.3. B765.18.3. Snakes will not cross a ring made of Irish earth. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.19. B765.19. Detached snake fang kills person or animal. U.S.: *Baughman.

B765.20. B765.20. Snake kills man who has killed snake’s mate. U.S., West Indies: *Baughman.

B765.21. B765.21. Snake revives snakes which have been injured (the doctor snake). U.S.: Baughman.

B765.22. B765.22. King snake: kills and eats any snake that does not accept his authority. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.23. B765.23. Snake with legs. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.24. B765.24. Dragon fly serves as snake‘s servant, feeds snake; it is called snake-feeder. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.24.1. B765.24.1. Dragon fly acts as doctor to injured snakes. U.S.: Baughman.

B765.25. B765.25. Female snake seven years pregnant. Jewish: Neuman.

B765.26. B765.26. Palm tree grows on serpent’s body. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 71.

B766. B766. Fanciful dangers from animals.

B766.1. B766.1. Cat mutilates corpses. *Kittredge Witchcraft 178 n. 41; U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 638.

B766.1.1. B766.1.1. Cat must be kept from dying person because it will catch the person‘s soul issuing (from mouth) in form of mouse. (Cf. E731.3.)--England, U.S.: Baughman.

B766.2. B766.2. Cat sucks sleeping child’s breath. *Kittredge Witchcraft 178 n. 40; England: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 638.

B766.3. B766.3. Toads suck blood. *Kittredge Witchcraft 183 n. 88.

B766.4. B766.4. Bite of white she-mule causes certain death. Jewish: Neuman.

B767. B767. Animals attracted by music. German: Grimm Nos. 8, 114.

B767.1. B767.1. Fish follow sound of music. Jataka II 157.

B768. B768. Fancied nourishment of animals.

B768.1. B768.1. Partridge subsists on moonbeams. Penzer II 235 n. 3.

B768.2. B768.2. Salamander subsists on fire. Hertz Gesammelte Abhandlungen 257 n.; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

B768.3. B768.3. Swans live on pearls. India: Thompson-Balys.

B768.4. B768.4. Serpent subsists on dust. Jewish: Neuman.

B770. B770. Other fanciful traits of animals.

B771. B771. Wild animal miraculously tamed.

B771.0.1. B771.0.1. Wild animal will not harm chaste woman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B771.1. B771.1. Animal tamed by maiden‘s beauty. Penzer VII 52 n. 2, VIII 111; Herbert III 234; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 115; Dickson Valentine and Orson 198 n. 86.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B771.2. B771.2. Animal tamed by holiness of saint. Saint‘s legend: Plummer cxlvi; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Icel.: Boberg.

B771.2.1. B771.2.1. Hungry lions do not harm saint. Loomis White Magic 58.

B771.2.2. B771.2.2. Animal tamed by saint’s prayer. Irish myth: Cross.

B771.2.3. B771.2.3. Lions made tame by Moses‘ rod. Jewish: Neuman.

B771.3. B771.3. Wild animal will not attack royal person. Dickson Valentine and Orson 198 n. 86.

B771.4. B771.4. Fish trained to answer person’s call. Africa: Stanley 54.

B771.5. B771.5. Wild animal performs for king. Irish myth: Cross.

B772. B772. Shipwrecked man repulsed by animals. As he floats to shore animals push him back into water.--Chauvin V 149 No. 73 n. 2.

B773. B773. Animals with human emotions.

B773.1. B773.1. Animal feels agitation at sight of native land. Irish myth: Cross.

B773.2. B773.2. Animal (lion) pines away with grief upon his friend‘s grave. *Loomis White Magic 59.

B773.3. B773.3. Lion (wolf) protects the saint’s body. *Loomis White Magic 58, 60.

B775. B775. Stork is man while hibernating in Egypt. Fb ”stork“ III 592a.

B776. B776. Venomous animals.

B776.0.1. B776.0.1. Garlic juice dangerous to poisonous animals. Penzer II 296.

B776.1. B776.1. Venomous sheep destroy enemy. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 63, Irish myth: Cross.

B776.2. B776.2. Toad considered venomous. (Cf. B776.5.1.)--Kittredge Witchcraft 181 nn. 67--71; Jewish: Neuman.

B776.3. B776.3. Venomous hound. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.3.1. B776.3.1. Venomous dog loosed against saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.3.2. B776.3.2. Mud puppy considered poisonous. U.S.: Baughman.

B776.4. B776.4. Venomous swine.

B776.4.1. B776.4.1. Pig with venomous bristles. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.4.2. B776.4.2. Venomous boar. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.5. B776.5. Blood of animal considered venomous. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.5.1. B776.5.1. Blood of toad venomous. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.5.2. B776.5.2. Blood of lion venomous. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.5.3. B776.5.3. Blood of snakes venomous. (cf. B776.7.)--Irish myth: Cross.

B776.5.4. B776.5.4. Blood of otter venomous. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.5.5. B776.5.5. Blood of bear venomous. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.6. B776.6. Venomous worm. Irish myth: Cross.

B776.7. B776.7. Venomous serpent. (Cf. B776.5.3.)--Irish myth: Cross; Norse: Herrmann Saxo II 602, MacCulloch Eddic 105, Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

B777. B777. Breath of bird withers. Irish myth: Cross.

B781. B781. Animal ”drinks apart“ mixed liquids. Separates the parts while drinking.--*M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII xviii--xix.

B782. B782. Sheep sleeps if anyone ties shoe to its ear. India: Thompson-Balys.

B783. B783. Swine maddened by smell of oak forest. Irish myth: Cross.

B784. B784. Animal lives in person‘s stomach.

B784.0.1. B784.0.1. Frog living in person’s stomach rises into throat, croaks every spring. England: Baughman.

B784.1. B784.1. How animal gets into person‘s stomach (or body) (various methods).

B784.1.1. B784.1.1. Person drinking from brook swallows animal eggs (frog or newt). England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

B784.1.2. B784.1.2. Person swallows pebble on beach; snake grows in stomach. U.S.: Baughman.

B784.1.3. B784.1.3. Person swallows snake semen or egg while eating watercress. England: *Baughman.

B784.1.4. B784.1.4. Girl swallows frog spawn; an octopus grows inside her with tentacles reaching to every part of her body. Eng.: Baughman.

B784.1.5. B784.1.5. Swallowed blackbeetle reproduces inside person’s body. England: Baughman.

B784.1.6. B784.1.6. Girl eats plums and maggots in them; maggots multiply inside her body. England: Baughman.

B784.1.7. B784.1.7. Scaly lizard jumps into person‘s mouth. U.S.: Baughman.

B784.1.8. B784.1.8. Salamander gets into veins through cracks in feet when person goes barefoot. U.S.: Baughman.

B784.2. B784.2. Means of ridding person of animal in stomach.

B784.2.0.1. B784.2.0.1. No remedy possible. England: Baughman.

B784.2.1. B784.2.1. Patient fed salt: animal comes out for water. The patient is fed salt or heavily salted food and allowed no water for several days. He then stands with mouth open before a supply of fresh water, often a running brook. The thirsty animal emerges to get fresh water.--Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda (J1115.2.3).

B784.2.1.1. B784.2.1.1. Snake (frog) in human body enticed out by milk (water). India: Thompson-Balys.

B784.2.1.2. B784.2.1.2. Husband ties a cock near wife’s feet: snake-parasite in her stomach comes out to catch the cock and is killed by husband.--India: Thompson-Balys.

B784.2.2. B784.2.2. Patient sits before tempting meal without eating; animal emerges. Ireland, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

B784.2.3. B784.2.3. Frog is enticed from patient‘s mouth by offering it a piece of cheese. England: Baughman.

B784.2.4. B784.2.4. Physician removes animal from stomach of patient. U.S.: *Baughman.

B785. B785. Animal wards off spirits. Irish myth: Cross.

B786. B786. Monkeys always copy men. India: Thompson-Balys.

B787. B787. Birds mock ascetic‘s devotions. India: Thompson-Balys.

B788. B788. Bats keep fireflies to light their houses. India: Thompson-Balys.

B791. B791. Elephants have power of bringing rain. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 41.

B792. B792. Why certain animals are thought of as good or bad. Jewish: Neuman.

B800--B899.

B800--B899. Miscellaneous animal motifs.

B800. B800. Miscellaneous animal motifs.

B801. B801. Elephants in folktales. *Penzer I 134.

B802. B802. Horses in tales and legends. (Cf. B41.1, B41.2, B103, B133, B149.1, B151, B181, B811.1.)--**Howey Horse in Magic and Myth passim; *Malten Jahrb. d. Kaiserl. deutschen archдologischen Inst. XXIX (1914) 179ff.

B811. B811. Sacred animals. Egyptian: Mьller 159ff.; Icel.: Boberg.

B811.1. B811.1. Sacred horse. (Cf. B802.)--Penzer II 57 n. 1.

B811.1.1. B811.1.1. Helpful horses descended from heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

B811.2. B811.2. Sacred armadillo. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3). 484.

B811.3. B811.3. Sacred animal: cow. India: *Thompson-Balys.

B811.3.1. B811.3.1. Sacred buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

B811.3.2. B811.3.2. Sacred bull. Jewish: Neuman.

B811.3.3. B811.3.3. Sacred cattle of sun god. Greek myth: Grote I 313.

B811.4. B811.4. Sacred cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

B811.5. B811.5. Sacred swan. India: Thompson-Balys.

B811.6. B811.6. Sacred fox. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

B831. B831. Animals try in vain to repair sleigh. They get unsatisfactory materials.--Type 158.

B841. B841. Long-lived animals.--Frazer Pausanias IV 217; **Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн IV 1ff.

B841.1. B841.1. Animals debate as to which is the elder. **Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн IV 1ff.; *Baum JAFL XXX 378 ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob XXXIII No. 17; Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 95, 109 Nos. 5, 10, (Fang): Nassau 239 No. 7.

B841.2. B841.2. Ages of animals (birds, fish) compared with age of human beings. Irish myth: Cross.

B841.2.1. B841.2.1. Crow lives nine generations of men, deer 36, raven 108, phoenix 972, nymphs 9720.--Frazer Pausanias IV 217.

B841.3. B841.3. Dog so old his head is skinless. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 80.

B841.4. B841.4. Stags live one thousand years. Tupper and Ogle Map 4.

B842. B842. Faithful old dog to be killed. *Type 101.

B842.1. B842.1. Faithful old horse to be abandoned. German: Grimm No. 132.

B843. B843. Immortal animals. Jewish: Neuman.

B843.1. B843.1. Immortal serpent. Gaster Oldest Stories 81.

B843.2. B843.2. Immortal donkey. Jewish: Neuman.

B845. B845. Wild animals herded. *Fb ”hare“ IV 201a; *Type 570; Irish myth: Cross.

B845.1. B845.1. Wild pigs kept by demigod as if domesticated. India: Thompson-Balys.

B845.2. B845.2. Animals chained in couples. Irish myth: Cross.

B846. B846. Monkeys construct a bridge across the ocean. Penzer II 84 n. 1, 85 n.

B847. B847. Lions placed in city to prevent entrance. Penzer I 108 n. 3.

B848. B848. Man unharmed in den of animals. (cf. B771.2.1.)--Type 403; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

B848.1. B848.1. The musician in the wolf-trap: meets wolf already trapped, and saves himself by playing music. (Cf. K551.3.1.)--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *168; Estonian: Aarne in FFC XXV No. 2002.

B848.2. B848.2. Girl removes dog from lion‘s claws without being harmed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

B852. B852. When cow calls her calf, all cattle graze. Irish myth: Cross.

B853. B853. Birds perch on ears of cows. Irish myth: Cross.

B854. B854. Each of grazing herd of cows eats same amount. Irish myth: Cross.

B855. B855. Man and bear in the rick of hay. The bear, persecuted by wolves, runs onto the hay-rick where the man was hidden, and defends himself from the wolves with bunches of hay.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *167.

B857. B857. Animal avenges injury. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 18 No. 9; Africa (Fang): Tessman 117f.

B870. B870. Giant animals. (Cf. B16.1, B16.4, B15.7.12)--Coulter Trans. Am. Philological Association LVII 32ff.

B870.1. B870.1. Animal extraordinarily heavy for size. Irish myth: Cross.

B871. B871. Giant beasts.

B871.1. B871.1. Giant domestic beasts.

B871.1.1. B871.1.1. Giant cow. Irish myth: Cross.

B871.1.1.1. B871.1.1.1. Giant ox. Persia: Carnoy 289; Japanese: Ikeda.

B871.1.1.1.1. B871.1.1.1.1. Gigantic ox-rib (in otherworld). Irish myth: Cross.

B871.1.1.2. B871.1.1.2. Giant bull. Irish myth: Cross; *Loomis White Magic 82.

B871.1.1.3. B871.1.1.3. Giant buffalo.

B871.1.2. B871.1.2. Giant boar. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

B871.1.2.0.1. B871.1.2.0.1. Giant boar with hinder part as large as can be carried by nine men. Irish myth: Cross.

B871.1.2.1. B871.1.2.1. Giant hog. Fb ”svin“ III 676a.; India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross.

B871.1.2.1.1. B871.1.2.1.1. Gigantic hog-rib (in otherworld). Irish myth: Cross.

B871.1.3. B871.1.3. Giant sheep. Irish myth: Cross.

B871.1.4. B871.1.4. Giant goat. Africa (Benga): Nassau 202 No. 32.

B871.1.5. B871.1.5. Giant horse: hair from the tail is seven yards. Nornagests th. ch. 7 p. 67.

B871.1.6. B871.1.6. Giant cat. Irish myth: Cross.

B871.1.7. B871.1.7. Giant dog (hound). Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 114, Holm 24.

B871.2. B871.2. Giant wild beasts.

B871.2.1. B871.2.1. Giant elephant. Icel.: *Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 737, II 409; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 37 No. 5.

B871.2.2. B871.2.2. Giant tiger. *Chauvin VII 86 n. 7.

B871.2.3. B871.2.3. Giant panther. *Chauvin VII 86 n. 6.

B871.2.4. B871.2.4. Giant hippopotamus. Chauvin VII 86 n. 5.

B871.2.5. B871.2.5. Giant lion. Malone PMLA XLIII 402f.; Irish myth: Cross.

B871.2.6. B871.2.6. Giant walrus. Irish myth: Cross.

B871.2.7. B871.2.7. Giant mice. Irish myth: Cross.

B871.2.8. B871.2.8. Giant hare. Icel.: Boberg.

B871.2.9. B871.2.9. Giant armadillo. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 71.

B872.1. B872.1. Giant eagle. India: Thompson-Balys.

B872.2. B872.2. Giant gull. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 455, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 195.

B872.3. B872.3. Giant falcon. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 207.

B872.4. B872.4. Giant auk. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 430.

B873. B873. Giant insects.

B873.1. B873.1. Giant louse. *Type 621; *BP III 483 (Gr. No. 212). See also all references to F983.2.

B873.2. B873.2. Giant scorpion. *Chauvin VII 86 No. 373bis.; Jewish: *Neuman.

B873.3. B873.3. Giant spider. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 347.

B873.4. B873.4. Giant ant. Jewish: Neuman.

B874. B874. Giant fish. *Chauvin VII 8 No. 373A n. 2; *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 447 n. 81; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 40, 269f., 1014, II 29; Japanese: Ikeda.--Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 78, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 640, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 539.

B874.1. B874.1. Giant river catfish. Ladino: Conzemius BBAE CVI 130f.

B874.2. B874.2. Giant eel. Irish myth: Cross.

B874.3. B874.3. Giant whale. Irish myth: Cross; Marquesas: Handy 116.

B874.3.1. B874.3.1. Whale cast ashore--three golden teeth and five ounces in each of these teeth. Irish myth: Cross.

B874.3.2. B874.3.2. Giant whale cast ashore on the night of Christ’s Nativity: ”fifty men were on the upper parts of its head, and (there was) the limit of vision between each two of them. Such was the amount of ground which the animal occupied. Irish myth: Cross.

B874.4. B874.4. Giant salmon. Irish myth: Cross.

B874.5. B874.5. Giant shark. Marquesas: Handy 110.

B874.6. B874.6. Giant clam. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 266.

B875. B875. Giant reptiles.

B875.1. B875.1. Giant serpent. *Chauvin VII 10 No. 373B n. 2; Jataka Index s.v. “Naga”.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 216f.; Norwegian: Solheim Register 17; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 181; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.--Eskimo (Greenland): Thalbitzer 5; Tonga: Gifford 178; Ladino: Conzemius BBAE CVI 169.--S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 57, 59, 71.

B875.2. B875.2. Giant crocodile. *Chauvin VII 86 No. 373bis n. 8; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 480.--Africa (Fang): Einstein 36f., Trilles 158.

B875.3. B875.3. Giant turtle. *Chauvin VII 16 No. 373C n. 2.

B875.4. B875.4. Giant tortoise. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 339.

B876. B876. Giant amphibia and other animal forms.

B876.1. B876.1. Giant frog. Jewish: *Neuman.

B876.2. B876.2. Giant crustacean.

B876.2.1. B876.2.1. Giant crab. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 249, 472; Chauvin VIII 83 No. 373bis n. 1.

B877. B877. Giant mythical animals.

B877.1. B877.1. Giant sea monster. Irish myth: Cross.

B877.1.1. B877.1.1. Giant water monster attacks man. Irish myth: Cross.

B877.1.2. B877.1.2. Giant sea monster overpowered by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

B877.2. B877.2. Gigantic animal (“reem”). Jewish: *Neuman.

B877.3. B877.3. Djun, gigantic and ferocious river animal. Africa (Fang): Trilles 186.

B878. B878. Giant flock of animals (birds.)

B878.1. B878.1. Giant flock of birds.

B878.1.1. B878.1.1. Flock of birds so numerous that it shakes trees upon which it perches. Irish myth: Cross.

Detailed Synopsis: Tabu

C. TABU

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

C0--C99. Tabu connected with supernatural beings

C0. Tabu: contact with supernatural

C10. Tabu: profanely calling up spirit (devil, etc.)

C20. Tabu: calling on ogre or destructive animal

C30. Tabu: offending supernatural relative

C40. Tabu: offending spirits of water, mountain, etc.

C50. Tabu: offending the gods

C70. Tabu: offending other sacred beings

C90. Other tabus in connection with sacred beings

C100--C199. Sex tabu

C100. Sex tabu

C110. Tabu: sexual intercourse

C120. Tabu: kissing

C130. Tabu connected with puberty

C140. Tabu connected with menses

C150. Tabu connected with childbirth

C160. Tabu connected with marriage

C170. Tabu connected with husband‘s or wife’s relatives

C180. Tabu confined to one sex

C190. Sex tabu--miscellaneous

C200--C299. Eating and drinking tabu

C200--C249. Eating tabus

C200. Tabu: eating (general)

C210. Tabu: eating in certain place

C220. Tabu: eating certain things

C230. Tabu: eating at certain time

C240. Tabu: eating food of certain person

C250--C279. Drinking tabus

C250. Tabu: drinking

C260. Tabu: drinking at certain place

C270. Tabu: drinking certain things

C280. Miscellaneous eating and drinking tabus

C300--C399. Looking tabu

C300. Looking tabu

C310. Tabu: looking at certain person or thing

C320. Tabu: looking into certain receptacle

C330. Tabu: looking in certain direction

C400--C499. Speaking tabu

C400. Speaking tabu

C410. Tabu: asking questions

C420. Tabu: uttering secrets

C430. Name tabu

C440. Origin tabu

C450. Tabu: boasting

C460. Laughing tabu

C480. Tabu: other vocal expressions

C490. Other speaking tabus

C500--C549. Tabu: touching

C500. Tabu: touching

C510. Tabu: touching tree (plant)

C520. Tabu: touching ground

C530. Tabu: touching (miscellaneous)

C550--C599. Class tabu

C550. Class tabu

C560. Tabu: things not to be done by certain class.

C600--C699. Unique prohibitions and compulsions

C600--C649. The one forbidden thing

C600. Unique prohibition

C610. The one forbidden place

C620. Tabu: partaking of the one forbidden object

C630. Tabu: the one forbidden time

C640. Unique prohibition--miscellaneous

C650--C699. The one compulsory thing

C650. The one compulsory thing

C680. Other compulsions

C700--C899. Miscellaneous tabus

C700. Miscellaneous tabus

C710. Tabus connected with other-world journeys

C720. Tabu: attending toilet needs

C730. Tabu: resting

C740. Tabu: doing deed of mercy or courtesy

C750. Time tabus

C770. Tabu: overweening pride

C780. Tabu: buying, selling, etc.

C810. Tabu: heeding persuasive person or thing

C820. Tabu: finding certain secret

C830--C899. Unclassified tabus

C830. Unclassified tabus

C900--C999. Punishment for breaking tabu

C900. Punishment for breaking tabu

C910. Permanent sign of disobedience for breaking tabu

C920. Death for breaking tabu

C930. Loss of fortune for breaking tabu

C940. Sickness or weakness for breaking tabu

C950. Person carried to other world for breaking tabu

C960. Transformation for breaking tabu

C980. Miscellaneous punishments for breaking tabu

C.

C. TABU

For the whole subject of tabu both in tales and in practice see: Frazer Taboo and the Perils of the Soul, Vol. III of The Golden Bough (London, 1914). In the following treatment no attempt has been made to cover tabu in practice. Attention has been directed to it mainly as a motif in tales. See also: Penzer Ocean of Story X Index s.v. “Taboo”; Fb “tabu” IV 354a; Singer Taboo in Hebrew Scriptures (Chicago-London 1928).

C0--C99.

C0--C99. Tabu connected with supernatural beings.

C0. C0. Tabu: contact with supernatural. **Frazer Golden Bough, III (Taboo and the Perils of the Soul), London 1914.

C10. C10. Tabu: profanely calling up spirit (devil, etc.).--*Halliday in Penzer VIII xiv; BP II 63 n. 1.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 338 n. 217a; India: Thompson-Balys.

C10.1. C10.1. Druidism forbidden. Irish myth: Cross.

C11. C11. The Old Man and Death. Weary old man wishes for death. When Death appears at the summons he asks for help with the load.--Halm Aesop No. 90; Wienert FFC LVI 81 (ET 468, 469), 109 (ST 212, cf. ST 109, 115, 141, 342); *Jacobs Aesop 216 No. 69; *BP III 294; Italian Novella: Rotunda; U.S.: Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

C12. C12. Devil invoked: appears unexpectedly.

C12.1. C12.1. Devil called on for help. When the devil appears man excuses himself.--Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 23; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 123 No. 47; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 41 No. 47; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 42 No. 25; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

C12.1.1. C12.1.1. Man wishing to be conjurer fears helper he has called. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452.

C12.2. C12.2. Oath: “May the devil take me if ... ” Devil does.--Type 821A; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 807.--Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 105; Irish: Beal XXI 316; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 641.

C12.3. C12.3. Oath: “May the devil whet my scythe.” Devil leaves only the handle.--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 41 No. 45**.

C12.4. C12.4. Man commends wife to devil. Devil takes the charge seriously and guards woman‘s chastity during husband’s absence.--*Type 1352; *Wesseiski Mдrchen 193.

C12.4.1. C12.4.1. Mother wishes lazy daughter may marry devil. Devil appears and marries her.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 51 No. 340.

C12.5. C12.5. Devil‘s name used in curse. Appears. Alphabet No. 246.--Esthonian: Aarne FFC XXV 120 No. 32; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 32.

C12.5.1. C12.5.1. Noah’s curse admits devil to ark. Devil persuades Noah‘s wife to stay out of ark till Noah shall call devil in. Noah at last loses patience and calls out, “The devil! Come in!” The devil comes in and turns himself into a mouse.--Dh. I 258ff.

C12.5.2. C12.5.2. Man curses and devil fulfills his wish: takes the stone away. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 497ff.

C12.5.3. C12.5.3. Girl fond of dancing uses devil‘s name. (See Q386.1.) Canada, England: Baughman.*

C12.5.4. C12.5.4. Lost parson says he would rather have devil for guide than clerk who is with him. Devil appears, causes death of both. England, U.S.: Baughman.*

C12.5.5. C12.5.5. Man calls on devil to descend chimney when angry at wife. The devil comes, makes pudding black. U.S.: Baughman.

C12.5.6. C12.5.6. Man swears he will chastise devil for poaching. The devil appears; the man runs; the devil takes man’s wife. England: Baughman.

C12.5.7. C12.5.7. Wife curses wicked husband: “May devil take you!” Devil does. (See M432.) U.S.: Baughman.

C12.5.8. C12.5.8. Man vows he will cross water “in spite of devil.” Devil takes him. Origin of place name: En Spuyten Duyvil. U.S.: Baughman.

C13. C13. The offended skull (statue) (Festin de Pierre). A skull (statue) is invited to dinner. Attends the dinner and takes his host off to the other world.--*Type 470; **D.E. MacKay The Double Invitation in the Legend of Don Juan; *BP III 483 n. 1; *Wesselski Mдrchen 241 No. 51; Armeto La Leyenda de Don Juan (Madrid, 1908); *DeCock Studien en Essays 108--152, 308ff.; *Lancaster PMLA XXXVIII 471 n. 1; G. de Bevotte La Legende de Don Juan (Paris, 1906) (bibliography pp. 517--521); Manning PMLA XXXVIII 479; *Waxman JAFL XXI 184; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) no. 561; *Fb “menneskehoved” I 579b; Hartland Science 167; Sйbillot France IV 132; Klapper Erzдhlungen des Mittelalters 157 No. 164; Gering Islenzk Aeventyri I 97 No. 34.

C13.1. C13.1. Prince invites angel to wedding. Taken to other world.--*Child V 290a.

C14. C14. “Adversity” summoned: king says he has heard people speak of adversity but has never seen it; genius of adversity appears. India: Thompson-Balys.

C15. C15. Wish for supernatural husband (wife) realized. (Cf. C26.)--English: Child I 6ff. No. 2.

C15.1. C15.1. Wish for star-husband realized. *Thompson The Star-Husband Tale (Studia Septentrionalia IV [1953] 93ff.); N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 193.

C15.1.1. C15.1.1. Wish for star wife realized. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 40, 43, (Sherente): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 516.

C15.2. C15.2. Wish for tree as husband realized. Tree comes to life.--Yuracare: Alexander Lat. Am. 314.

C16. C16. Tabu: offending spirits of the dead. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 153.

C20. C20. Tabu: calling on ogre or destructive animal.

C21. C21. “Ah me!”: ogre‘s name uttered. He appears. Kцhler-Bolte I 557; Kцhler Zs. f. Vksk. VI 68; *Cosquin Йtudes Folkloriques 532ff.

C25. C25. “Bear’s food.” To urge on his horses a man threatens them with the bear, calling them “bear‘s food.” The bear hears and comes for them.--*Type 154; **Krohn Mann und Fuchs 11.

C25.1. C25.1. Child threatened with ogre. Latter takes child off.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 321 No. 72, 323 No. 131; Japanese: Ikeda.

C26. C26. Wish for animal husband realized. Girl says she will marry a certain animal. Latter appears and carries her off. (Cf. C15.)--*Type 552.--Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 80.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 341 n. 231.

C30. C30. Tabu: offending supernatural relative.

C31. C31. Tabu: offending supernatural wife. Upon slight offence the wife leaves for her old home.--*Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 4; Irish myth: Cross; English: Child I 21, 485a, II 496b, 509a, IV 440b; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 340 n. 223a; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas VAM XV 180; Maori: Dixon 58, 72.

C31.1. C31.1. Tabu: looking at supernatural wife. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

C31.1.1. C31.1.1. Tabu: looking at supernatural wife too soon. *BP III 114 (Gr. No. 137).--Middle English romance: Wells 145 (Parthenope of Blois).

C31.1.2. C31.1.2. Tabu: looking at supernatural wife on certain occasion. (Mйlusine). The husband must not see the wife when she is transformed to an animal.--*Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV (1933) 121; *Kцhler-Bolte III 265nn. 1, 2; **Kцhler Der Ursprung der Melusinensage (1895); Desaivre Le Mythe de la Mйre Lusine (Extrait des Memoires de la Sociйtй de Statistique, Sciences, Lettres, et Arts de Deux-Sиvres [Saint-Maixent 1883]); Keightley Fairy Mythology 480; Baring-Gould Curious Myths 470; Hartland Science 201; Holmstrцm Studier цver Svanjungfrumotivet 100; M. Nowack Die Melusinensage (Diss. 1886); *Frдnkel Zs. f. Vksk. IV 387; Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 24.

C31.1.3. C31.1.3. Tabu: looking at supernatural wife naked. African: Werner 191.

C31.1.4. C31.1.4. Tabu: husband looking at supernatural wife in childbirth. (Cf. C151.)--Japanese: Anesaki 266.

C31.1.5. C31.1.5. Tabu: opening gourd in which star-wife is kept. When curious girls do so, she flies up to sky. S. Am. Indian (Camacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 48.

C31.2. C31.2. Tabu: mentioning origin of supernatural wife. (Cf. C33.1, C35.1.)--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 21; Fjort: Dennett 44 No. 6; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35 n.

C31.3. C31.3. Tabu: disobeying supernatural wife. Congo: Weeks 206f. No. 3; Fjort: Dennett 41 No. 5.--India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35 n.

C31.4. C31.4. Tabu: blaming supernatural wife. *Chauvin VI 182 No. 343.--Greek: Fox 122 (Thetis).--Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35 n.

C31.4.1. C31.4.1. Tabu: questioning supernatural wife. Hindu: Penzer VII 21 n. 3, II 252f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35 n.

C31.4.2. C31.4.2. Tabu: scolding supernatural wife. English: Child V 495 s.v. “scolding”.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 21; England: Baughman.--Melanesian: Codrington The Melanesians 172.

C31.5. C31.5. Tabu: boasting of supernatural wife. *BP II 327; Kцhler-Bolte I 308ff.--Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells 132 (Sir Launfal). Fjort: Dennett 42 No. 6.

C31.6. C31.6. Tabu: calling on supernatural wife. *Type 400; BP II 318ff. (Gr. No. 92); ’Fb “шnske” III 1179a.--English: Wells 132 (Sir Launfal.)

C31.7. C31.7. Tabu: lousing supernatural wife. Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35 n.

C31.8. C31.8. Tabu: striking supernatural wife. Irish myth: Cross; Wales: Baughman; Kassai (Congo): Frobenius Atlantis XII 106.

C31.9. C31.9. Tabu: revealing secrets of supernatural wife. (Cf. C420). *Schofield PMLA XV 165; Irish myth: Cross.

C31.10. C31.10. Tabu: giving garment back to supernatural (divine) wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

C31.11. C31.11. Tabu: reproaching supernatural wife about her sisters. England: Baughman.*

C31.12. C31.12. Unfaithful husband loses magic wife. Chinese: Graham.

C32. C32. Tabu: offending supernatural husband. (Cf. C36.)--*Type 425; BP II 245ff. (Gr. No. 88).--India: *Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 91.

C32.1. C32.1. Tabu: looking at supernatural husband. *Type 425a; *BP II 234, 245ff., 266ff.; *Tegethoff Studien zum Mдrchentypus von Amor und Psyche 32; *Lang Cupid and Psyche (1886); *Fb “lys” II 483a.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C32.1.1. C32.1.1. Tabu: wife seeing transformed husband. Chinese: Graham.

C32.1.2. C32.1.2. Tabu: showing surprise when supernatural husband resumes his true shape. India: Thompson-Balys.

C32.2. C32.2. Tabu: questioning supernatural husband. *Boekenoogen Ridder metter Swane 166ff; India: Thompson-Balys.

C32.2.1. C32.2.1. Tabu: asking name of supernatural husband. (Cf C430.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

C32.2.2. C32.2.2. Tabu: asking where supernatural husband comes from. (Cf. C421.)--India: *Thompson-Balys.

C32.2.3. C32.2.3. Tabu: asking for caste of supernatural husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

C32.3. C32.3. Tabu: not to touch too soon supernatural husband on visit. India: Thompson-Balys.

C33. C33. Offending supernatural child. India: Thompson-Balys.

C33.1. C33.1. Tabu: mentioning origin of supernatural child. (cf. C31.2, C35.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 133--136; (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 77ff. No. 12, (Basuto): Jacottet 110; (Ibo of Nigeria): Thomas 76, 80.

C35. C35. Tabu: offending animal wife. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 223; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 145, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 616.

C35.1. C35.1. Tabu: mentioning origin of animal wife. (Cf. C31.2, C33.1.)--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 339--342 nn. 222, 223, 233, cf. 234.--Africa (Congo): Weeks 215 No. 11; (Basuto): Jacottet 108 No. 16, (Fjort): Dennett 43 No. 6, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 44, (Duala): Lederbogen 143.--Indonesian: Dixon 219.

C36. C36. Tabu: offending animal husband. (Cf. C32).--Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 38.

C36.1. C36.1. Tabu: burning animal husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

C36.2. C36.2. Tabu: spying on animal husband. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 145.

C37. C37. Tabu: offending other animal relatives. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 47, 49, (Greenland): Rink 144, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 156.

C40. C40. Tabu: offending spirits of water, mountain, etc.

C41. C41. Tabu: offending water-spirit. Frazer Golden Bough III 94.--North Carolina: Brown Collection I 641; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 56.

C41.1. C41.1. Tabu: rescuing drowning man. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “noyй.”

C41.2. C41.2. Tabu: letting ball fall into water. *Type 440; BP I 1 (Gr. No. 1.)

C41.3. C41.3. Tabu: crossing water when spirits are offended.

C41.3.1. C41.3.1. Tabu: skating over water when spirits are offended. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 277 n. 23.

C41.4. C41.4. Tabu: poisoning fish causes storm. India: Thompson-Balys.

C42. C42. Tabu: offending mountain-spirit. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 42 No. 53**.

C43. C43. Tabu: offending wood-spirit. (cf. C51.2.2, C64).--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 12; India: Thompson-Balys.

C43.1. C43.1. Tabu: offending spirit of banyan tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

C43.2. C43.2. Tabu: cutting certain trees lest tree-spirits be offended. India: Thompson-Balys.

C43.3. C43.3. Felled tree restored for failure to make proper offerings to tree-spirit. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 267.

C44. C44. Tabu: offending guardian spirits. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 321; Herrmann Saxo Gr. II 586.

C45. C45. Tabu: offending devil. A smith or priest continually insults the devil’s statue or picture (cf. C13). The devil brings the offender into dangerous situation (suspicion of theft or murder), and saves him miraculously when he promises never again to abuse the devil‘s likeness. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3325f.; Legends Nos. 631--637, 789; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

C46. C46. Tabu: offending fairy.

C46.1. C46.1. Tabu: breaking promise to fairy: death on twelfth day. India: Thompson-Balys.

C50. C50. Tabu: offending the gods. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

C50.1. C50.1. Tabu: offending goddess of fortune. India: Thompson-Balys.

C51. C51. Tabu: touching possessions of god. India: Thompson-Balys.

C51.1. C51.1. Tabu: profaning shrine. Irish myth: Cross, Beal XXI 336; Greek: Grote I 279; India: Thompson-Balys.

C51.1.1. C51.1.1. Tabu: using altar for secular purposes. Irish: Plummer clxxxiv; Irish myth: Cross.

C51.1.2. C51.1.2. Tabu: stealing from altar. (Cf. C51.2.)--Fable: Phaedrus IV 11; Wienert FFC LVI 80 (ET 465), 138 (ST 433).

C51.1.2.1. C51.1.2.1. Tabu: stealing from sacred booty. Jewish: *Neuman.

C51.1.3. C51.1.3. Tabu: breathing on sacred fire. British: *MacCulloch Celtic 11 (references given to parallels from Parsis, Brahmans, Japanese, and Germans).--Irish myth: Cross.

C51.1.4. C51.1.4. Tabu: misuse of money in alms box. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 319 No. 23.

C51.1.5. C51.1.5. Tabu: dancing in churchyard. Fb “kirkegaard” II 129.

C51.1.6. C51.1.6. Tabu: discontinuing use of a church. Crane Liber de Miraculis 90 No. 20.

C51.1.7. C51.1.7. Tabu: peeping at sacred font. (Cf. C300.)--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 187.

C51.1.8. C51.1.8. Tabu: allowing a drop to fall upon altar. Irish myth: Cross.

C51.1.9. C51.1.9. Tabu: unworthy men to enter or see sanctuary. (Cf. C300.) *Loomis White Magic 97.

C51.1.10. C51.1.10. Tabu: to enter sacred places closed to the female sex. (Cf. C51.1.2.) *Loomis White Magic 97.

C51.1.11. C51.1.11. Visits of goddess cease when her sacred spring is disturbed. Tahiti: Henry 85.

C51.1.12. C51.1.12. Tabu: striking tree which belongs to deity. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 111.

C51.1.13. C51.1.13. Tabu: treating scornfully statue and dress of goddess. Greek Myth: Grote I 84.

C51.1.14. C51.1.14. Tabu: leaving corpse at shrine. Jewish: Neuman.

C51.1.15. C51.1.15. Tabu: wearing shoes at shrine. Jewish: Neuman.

C51.2. C51.2. Tabu: stealing from god or saint. (Cf. C51.1.2.)--Greek: Grote I 145; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (3--G 3/1386); S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 173.

C51.2.1. C51.2.1. Tabu: wearing unauthorized sacred robe (jewel). Crane Liber de Miraculis 82 No. 1; Ward Catalogue of Romances II 603 No. 6, 604 No. 7; Irish saints’ legend: Plummer xliv; Irish myth: Cross.

C51.2.2. C51.2.2. Tabu: cutting sacred trees or groves. (Cf. C43.)--Irish saints‘ legend: Plummer cliii; Irish myth: Cross.

C51.2.2.1. C51.2.2.1. Tabu: taking fruit and fish dedicated to goddess. (Cf. C221, C225, C241.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

C51.2.3. C51.2.3. Tabu: stealing wife of god. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 129.

C51.2.4. C51.2.4. Tabu: stealing from holy statue. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 91 No. 769C.

C51.2.5. C51.2.5. Tabu: violating refuge with saint. Irish myth: Cross.

C51.3. C51.3. Tabu: revealing name of god. Jewish: Neuman; Egyptian: Mьller 109; Chinese: Werner 294.

C51.3.1. C51.3.1. Tabu: desecration of God’s name. Jewish: *Neuman.

C51.4. C51.4. Tabu: revealing secrets of god. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 363 n. 1, Grote I 145.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 6 (investigating secret source of magic wine cask).

C51.4.1. C51.4.1. Tabu: betraying privacy of god. Emperor visited by God conceals his wife so that she may hear. God ceases his visits.--Type 775*.

C51.4.2. C51.4.2. Tabu: spying on secret help of angels. *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. IV 52ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

C51.4.3. C51.4.3. Tabu: spying on secret help of fairies. Irish myth: Cross.

C51.5. C51.5. Tabu: imitating god. Greek: Fox 106 (Salmoneus imitates Zeus‘s thunder), Grote I 103f.*, 128; German: Grimm No. 147; India: Thompson-Balys.

C51.6. C51.6. Tabu: falsely claiming the powers of a god. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 80 n. 3; Jewish: Neuman.

C51.7. C51.7. Tabu: touching stone image of deity with unwashed hands. India: Thompson-Balys.

C51.8. C51.8. Tabu: giving away idol. India: Thompson-Balys.

C51.9. C51.9. Tabu: pointing boat toward island of the gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 67.

C52. C52. Tabu: being in presence of god. Greek: Fox 46 (Semele in presence of Zeus.)

C52.1. C52.1. Direct communication with god fatal to all except special devotees. India: Thompson-Balys.

C52.2. C52.2. Tabu: coming suddenly on supernatural creatures. Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 95.

C53. C53. Tabu: refusing credit to god. Type 830.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 177.

C53.1. C53.1. People taught by God to work: claim they learned by own efforts. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3057. (Cf. A1403.)

C53.2. C53.2. Tabu: arrogance toward deity. Jewish: Neuman.

C54. C54. Tabu: rivaling the gods. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 20 n. 1 (Thamyris), I 31 (Side), Fox 220 (Marsyas), Grote I 103f., 146, 238, Gaster Thespis 261f., 289; India: Thompson-Balys.

C55. C55. Tabu: losing consecrated wafer. Types 613, 671; BP I 322 n. 1.

C55.1. C55.1. Tabu: stepping on sacred bread. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 188.

C55.2. C55.2. Tabu: shooting at consecrated wafer. Man‘s ghost wanders. Type 756C.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3320; Legends Nos. 615--623; Livonian: Loorits in FFC LCVI 59 No. 138.

C55.3. C55.3. Bee-master puts consecrated host into beehive. Has success with his bees. (Cf. B259.4.)--When he dies, his spirit haunts the place. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 624--627.

C56. C56. Tabu: unseemly acts while carrying divine image.

C56.1. C56.1. Tabu: defecating while carrying image of a god. India: Thompson-Balys.

C56.2. C56.2. Tabu: stopping enroute while carrying image of a god. India: Thompson-Balys.

C57. C57. Tabu: neglect of service to deity.

C57.1. C57.1. Tabu: neglect of sacrifice to deity. Greek: Grote I 104, 108.

C57.1.1. C57.1.1. Tabu: fraudulent sacrifice. India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

C57.1.2. C57.1.2. No man with a wound to be sacrificed to goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

C57.1.3. C57.1.3. Tabu: eating from offerings made to gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

C57.2. C57.2. Punishment for having refused to take part in Bacchic rites. Greek myth: Grote I 84.

C58. C58. Tabu: profaning sacred day. Irish myth: Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 Nos. 163, 166; Hebrew: Exodus 20: 8--11, Neuman; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 390.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 Nos. 37, 38; 324 No. 147; 328 No. 11; India: Thompson-Balys.

C58.1. C58.1. Tabu: diminishing number of sacred days. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 180.

C61. C61. Tabu: disbelief in religious teachings.

C61.1. C61.1. Tabu: disbelief in God. Jewish: Neuman.

C61.2. C61.2. Tabu: disbelief in immortality. Jewish: Neuman.

C61.3. C61.3. Tabu: disbelief in scriptures. Jewish: Neuman.

C61.4. C61.4. Tabu: disbelief in particular supernatural power. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 471.

C62. C62. Tabu: idolatry. Jewish: Neuman.

C63. C63. Tabu: attacking deity (sacred person). Greek: Fox 9; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115; Fiji: Beckwith Myth 138; S. Am. Indian (Witoto): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 36.

C64. C64. Tabu: failing to heed message of god. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 105 No. 29.

C65. C65. Tabu: changing ritual. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C66. C66. Tabu: murmuring against deity. Jewish: Neuman.

C67. C67. Tabu: neglect of sacred fires. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 111.

C68. C68. Tabu: neglecting to fulfill vow made to god. Greek: Grote I 202.

C70. C70. Tabu: offending other sacred beings.

C71. C71. Tabu: disobeying the king. Man dies as result of failure to obey.--Alphabet No. 241.

C75. C75. Tabu: offending heavenly bodies.

C75.1. C75.1. Tabu: offending the moon. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 442, Rasmussen II 25, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 180.

C90. C90. Other tabus in connection with sacred beings.

C91. C91. Tabu: stealing from spirits. (Cf. C51.2.)--Irish saints’ legend: Plummer cliii (cf. C43, C51.2).--Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 42 No. 53** (cf. C42).

C91.1. C91.1. Tabu: stealing garment from a rock. The rock pursues. (The offended rolling stone.)--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 300 n. 96.

C91.2. C91.2. Tabu: stealing fruits from sacred tree. (Cf. C262.3.)--India: *Thompson-Balys.

C92. C92. Tabu: killing sacred beings. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 320. No. 41.

C92.1. C92.1. Tabu: killing sacred animals. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 442, Rasmussen II 25, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 180.

C92.1.0.1. C92.1.0.1. Tabu: killing animals for sacrifice. (Cf. C57.1.)--Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 461, II 577.

C92.1.1. C92.1.1. Tabu: killing raven (Odin‘s bird). Fb “ravn” III 22a.--Krappe “Arturus cosmocrator” Speculum (1945) 405ff.

C92.1.2. C92.1.2. Tabu: killing sacred calf. India: Thompson-Balys.

C92.1.3. C92.1.3. Tabu: killing shrew-mouse, sacred to the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

C92.1.4. C92.1.4. Tabu: killing stork. Fb “stork” III 592 ab.

C92.1.5. C92.1.5. Tabu: killing scald-crow (goddess of war). Irish myth: Cross.

C92.1.6. C92.1.6. Tabu: killing other sacred bird. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 160; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (t-G 2/44).

C92.2. C92.2. Tabu: killing sacred dragon. (Cf. B11.)--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 334 n. 1.

C93. C93. Tabu: trespassing sacred precinct. Alphabet No. 52.--Irish: Plummer clxxxiv; Irish myth: Cross.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295, No. 12.--Eskimo (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 59 (ghost town).

C93.1. C93.1. Tabu: sleeping in saint‘s bed. Irish: Plummer clxxxiv; Irish myth: Cross.

C93.2. C93.2. Tabu: profaning hallowed clothes and vessels. Alphabet No. 696.

C93.3. C93.3. Tabu: digging in churchyard. Irish myth: Cross.

C93.4. C93.4. Tabu: crossing bridge sacred to the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

C93.5. C93.5. Tabu: slaughtering buffalo in temple. India: Thompson-Balys.

C93.5.1. C93.5.1. Tabu: use of palanquin within temple. India: Thompson-Balys.

C93.6. C93.6. Tabu: cutting down tree wherein resides deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

C93.7. C93.7. Tabu: erecting fort on holy ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

C93.8. C93.8. Tabu: landing on floating island of the gods without invitation. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 68.

C94. C94. Tabu: rudeness to sacred person or thing.

C94.1. C94.1. Tabu: uncivil answer to holy (or supernatural) being. Gaster Exempla 229 No. 239; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 125 No. 54; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 43.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C94.1.1. C94.1.1. The cursed dancers. Dancers rude to holy man (Jesus) cursed and must keep dancing till Judgment Day.--*Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 309 n. 1; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 388; Ward Catalogue II 660 No. 30; *Herbert ibid, III 283, 312; Alphabet No. 215; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296f. Nos. 3, 28; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 No. 168.

C94.1.2. C94.1.2. Tabu: failure to give alms to Brahmans. India: Thompson-Balys.

C94.1.3. C94.1.3. Tabu: discourtesy toward priest (rabbi, etc.). Jewish: Neuman.

C94.2. C94.2. Tabu: false and profane swearing of oath. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 448.--Jewish: Neuman.

C94.3. C94.3. Tabu: mocking animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

C94.3.1. C94.3.1. Tabu: rudeness to sacred animal. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C94.3.1.1. C94.3.1.1. Tabu: offending sacred cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

C94.4. C94.4. Tabu: calling profanely on God. Daughter of Emperor says to Rabbi: “Your God is a builder; so let him build a tent here.” She becomes leprous and must be placed in a tent. (Cf. C51.3.1.)--Gaster Exempla 187 No. 10; Jewish: Neuman.

C94.4.1. C94.4.1. Tabu: calling profanely on the members of God. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

C94.5. C94.5. Tabu: masking as ghost in graveyard. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 15**; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3441, Legends Nos. 854--858.

C94.6. C94.6. Tabu: throwing away holy image. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 184.

C94.7. C94.7. Tabu: ringing of church bell by nun. Irish myth: Cross.

C94.8. C94.8. Tabu: refusing homage to saint’s bell. Irish myth: Cross.

C94.9. C94.9. Tabu: disturbing austerities of an ascetic. India: Thompson-Balys.

C95. C95. Tabu: giving security for one excommunicated. Irish myth: Cross.

C96. C96. Tabu: using miracle for trifling purpose. India: Thompson-Balys.

C96.1. C96.1. Tabu: resurrecting cat for trifling purpose. India: Thompson-Balys.

C99. C99. Other tabus in connection with sacred beings--miscellaneous.

C99.1. C99.1. Tabu: facing the sun (sun-god) while urinating. (Cf. T521.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

C99.1.1. C99.1.1. Tabu: urinating on fire (fire-god).--India: Thompson-Balys.

C99.2. C99.2. Tabu: weaving leather shoes on pilgrimage. China: Eberhard 188 No. 129.

C100--C199.

C100--C199. Sex tabu.

C100. C100. Sex tabu. Hebrew: Leviticus ch. 18.

C101. C101. Sex tabu broken: child born without bones. Icelandic: Ragnarssaga Loрbrуkar 128; India: Thompson-Balys.

C110. C110. Tabu: sexual intercourse. *Frazer Golden Bough XII 225f. s.v. “continence”, 214 s.v. “chastity”; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

C110.1. C110.1. Tabu: sexual relationship with girls of nobility while having sore on body. Mono: Wheeler 30.

C111. C111. Tabu: loss of chastity. Hero loses power with loss of chastity.---- Wesselski Mцnchslatein 185 No. 144; Jewish: Neuman; Gaster Thespis 327f.; Rуheim Animism, Magic, and the Divine King 1ff.; Jastrow Religion of Babylonia and Assyria 475ff.--Cf. Stories of knights of the Round Table, e.g. Galahad.--*Crane Vitry 237 No. 247; Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 20; Irish myth: Cross.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 335 n. 209a.

C112. C112. Tabu: sexual intercourse with unearthly beings. (Cf. C122.)--English: Child V 500 s.v. “unearthly”.--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 321--22; Herrmann Saxo II 588, Boberg; S. Am. Indian (Lengua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

C113. C113. Tabu: sodomy. Hebrew: Leviticus 20: 15f.; Jewish: Neuman.

C114. C114. Tabu: incest. **Rank Inzestmotiv.--Hebrew: Leviticus 20: 11ff.; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

C114.1. C114.1. Tabu: son seeing mother perform sex act. India: Thompson-Balys.

C114.2. C114.2. Sex tabu: man--niece. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 90 No. 50.

C115. C115. Tabu: adultery. Hebrew: Leviticus 20: 10; Exodus 20:14.

C116. C116. Tabu: sexual intercourse in sacred precinct. (Cf. Q551.3.)--*Krappe Balor 82ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

C117. C117. Nuptial tabu. Man and wife forbidden intercourse for definite time.--*Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt II 298; Crawley Mystic Rose (1902) 343ff.; *De Vries Zs. f. deutsche Philologie LIII 276ff.; Penzer II 248, VIII 25 n. 1.--Irish myth: Cross; Norse: Elton Saxo Grammaticus xxxi, 319, Corpus Poeticum Boreale II 347, Ragnarssage Loрbrуkar 128; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 169 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 335 n. 209; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 99; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 47, Rasmussen III 134.

C117.1. C117.1. Tabu: intercourse with resuscitated wife for particular number of days. Marquesas: Handy 113.

C118. C118. Tabu: violating woman. Irish myth: Cross.

C118.1. C118.1. Tabu: violating insane woman. Irish myth: Cross.

C119. C119. Miscellaneous tabus concerning sexual intercourse.

C119.1. C119.1. Tabu: sexual intercourse at certain time. Jewish: Neuman.

C119.1.1. C119.1.1. Tabu: sexual intercourse during illness. Irish myth: Cross.

C119.1.2. C119.1.2. Tabu: sexual intercourse on Sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

C119.1.3. C119.1.3. Tabu: intercourse at hunting season. Samoyed: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 84.

C119.1.4. C119.1.4. Tabu: sexual intercourse during religious festival (18 days). India: Thompson-Balys.

C119.1.5. C119.1.5. Tabu: intercourse before worship. India: Thompson-Balys.

C119.1.6. C119.1.6. Tabu: intercourse at night. India: Thompson-Balys.

C119.2. C119.2. Tabu: failure to sleep with guest unaccompanied by husband. Irish myth: Cross.

C120. C120. Tabu: kissing. Usually causes disenchantment or magic forgetfulness. (Cf. D735, D2003.)--*Type 313C, 410.--Grimm Nos. 113, 186, 193; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

C121. C121. Tabu: kissing supernatural husband. (Cf. C32.) *Type 425; BP II 234, 236 n. 1, 271; Sйbillot France I 244, III 291; Dickson Valentine and Orson 55.

C122. C122. Tabu: kissing fairies. This puts one in their power. (Cf. C112.)--English: Child I 322 and n., 325; Wimberly Folklore in Ballads 282ff.

C130. C130. Tabu connected with puberty. Irish myth: Cross.

C131. C131. Tabu: girl going forth at puberty. Kaffir: Theal 17, cf. 67.--N. A. Indian: Curtin Myths of the Modocs 68.

C132. C132. Tabu: male presence in girl‘s puberty-hut. Zulu: Callaway 74, 85.

C140. C140. Tabu connected with menses. Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 530f; India: Thompson-Balys.

C141. C141. Tabu: going forth during menses. Frazer Golden Bough III 145ff., X 76ff.; Hebrew: Leviticus 15: 19ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

C141.1. C141.1. Tabu: menstrous woman not to go near any cultivated field or crops will be ruined. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C141.2. C141.2. Tabu: not to enter cowshed during menses. India: Thompson-Balys.

C141.3. C141.3. Tabu: not to enter water during menses. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 29.

C142. C142. Tabu: sexual intercourse during menses. Hebrew: Leviticus 20: 18; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

C143. C143. Tabu: eating from hands of menstruating women. India: Thompson-Balys.

C144. C144. Ground defiled by menstrual blood. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

C145. C145. Tabu: not to touch certain things during menses. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

C146. C146. Women must wear certain things during menstruation.

C146.1. C146.1. Menstruating women must wear amulet of leaves when approaching certain valley. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 212.

C150. C150. Tabu connected with childbirth.

C151. C151. Tabu: man not to be present at childbirth. (Cf. C31.1.4.)--English: Child I 179, 181--3, 245f., 502a; II 98, 106f., 414, 418, 422, 499; IV 250a, 464; V236; Dickson Valentine and Orson 169 n. 20; *Boje 125.

C152. C152. Tabus during pregnancy. *Frazer Golden Bough I 141 n., III 147; *Fb “glшd”, “grav”, “gryn”, “hul”, “hvid” I 700b, “hеr” I 771a, “ild” II 11b, “karklud”, “kaste” II 103a, “kniv” II 221.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C152.1. C152.1. Tabu: violence to woman during pregnancy. Irish myth: Cross.

C152.2. C152.2. Tabu: refusing unreasonable demand of pregnant woman. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

C152.3. C152.3. Eating tabus for pregnant woman.

C152.3.1. C152.3.1. Pregnant woman not to eat food baked overnight. India: Thompson-Balys.

C152.3.2. C152.3.2. Certain foods tabu one (two) months before childbirth. S. Am. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 110.

C153. C153. Tabu: contact with woman at childbirth. Frazer Golden Bough III 147ff., X 20.

C153.1. C153.1. Tabu: carrying corpse of woman who died in childbirth. Jewish: *Neuman.

C154. C154. Tabus following childbirth.

C154.1. C154.1. Food tabus following childbirth. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 295, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 312.

C160. C160. Tabu connected with marriage.

C161. C161. Tabus for girl going to her husband. Kaffir: Theal 49.

C162. C162. Tabu: marriage with certain person.

C162.1. C162.1. Tabu: marrying queen of certain race. Irish myth: Cross.

C162.1.1. C162.1.1. Tabu: fairy girl marrying mortal. India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 30 No. 13.

C162.2. C162.2. Tabu: marrying unmanly person. Irish myth: Cross.

C162.3. C162.3. Tabu: marrying outside of group (or caste). Jewish: *Neuman.

C163. C163. Tabu: neglecting sexual relations in marriage. Irish myth: Cross.

C164. C164. Tabu: forcing wife. Irish myth: Cross.

C165. C165. Tabu: marriage with person whose blood one has drunk. Irish myth: Cross.

C167. C167. Tabu: playing at marriage ceremony.

C167.1. C167.1. Boy who plays marriage-game finds he has actually been married to a spirit (invisible during ceremony). India: Thompson-Balys.

C168. C168. Tabu: disregarding dream warning against marriage.

C168.1. C168.1. Woman marries in spite of warning dream. Bears blind child who soon dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

C169. C169. Tabu connected with marriage--miscellaneous.

C169.1. C169.1. Tabu: not to lay down basket carrying bride on wedding journey. India: Thompson-Balys.

C169.2. C169.2. Tabu: giving younger daughter in marriage before elder. Jewish: Neuman.

C170. C170. Tabu connected with husband’s or wife‘s relatives.

C171. C171. Mother-in-law tabu. Mother-in-law and son-in-law must not have anything to do with each other.--*Frazer Golden Bough XII 378 s.v. “mother-in-law”; *Andree Ethnographische Parallelen (1878) 159.--Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Zulu): Calaway 164, (Upoto): Einstein 129.

C172. C172. Sister-in-law tabu: older brother must avoid younger brother’s wife. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

C173. C173. Daughter-in-law tabu. Jewish: Neuman.

C180. C180. Tabu confined to one sex.

C181. C181. Tabu confined to women. Irish myth: Cross.

C181.1. C181.1. Tabu: woman not to touch husband’s drum (magic object). Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 176 No. 25, (Ekoi): Talbot 18.

C181.2. C181.2. Tabu: women not to participate in hunting activities. Lappish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 84.

C181.3. C181.3. Tabu: women not to touch man‘s weapons. (Cf. C835.2.)--*Krappe Йtudes de Mythologie 115ff., Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

C181.4. C181.4. Tabu: women not to climb on roof. India: Thompson-Balys

C181.5. C181.5. Tabu: Baiga women not to tie cloth between legs. India: Thompson-Balys.

C181.6. C181.6. Tabu: Bondo women not to wear clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

C181.7. C181.7. Grave (of man) upon which no women can look without foolish laugh or “sine crepitu ventris eius.” Irish myth: Cross.

C181.8. C181.8. Tabu: women not to eat pork. India: Thompson-Balys.

C181.9. C181.9. Tabu: Saora women not to wear gold earrings. India: Thompson-Balys.

C181.10. C181.10. Tabu: women riding in canoe. Marquesas: Handy 134.

C181.11. C181.11. Mare not to be yoked to cart drawing corpse. McKay, Beal III 141.

C181.12. C181.12. Tabu: woman sacrificing in temple. Jewish: Neuman.

C182. C182. Tabu confined to men.

C182.1. C182.1. Tabu: men fishing at certain place. India: Thompson-Balys.

C182.2. C182.2. Tabu: man entering woman’s quarters in her absence. Tonga: Gifford 53.

C190. C190. Sex tabu--miscellaneous.

C191. C191. Tabu: mortal lusting after goddess. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 28 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

C192. C192. Tabu: refusing to elope with woman who desires it. Irish myth: Cross.

C193. C193. Tabu: consorting with a woman. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C193.1. C193.1. Tabu: woman being in one‘s dwelling. Irish myth: Cross.

C194. C194. Tabu: trysting with woman at certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C194.1. C194.1. Tabu: embracing at village gate. India: Thompson-Balys.

C195. C195. Tabu: taking the advice of a woman. Irish myth: Cross.

C196. C196. Tabu: asking for king’s daughter in marriage. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C200--C299.

C200--C299. Eating and drinking tabu.

C200--C249.

C200--C249. EATING TABUS

C200. C200. Tabu: eating (general). **Schurtz (H). Die Speiseverbote, ein Problem der Volkskunde (Hamburg, 1893); *Frazer Golden Bough III 116ff.; *Type 400.--Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries’ list No. 205; Borneo: Dixon 181; Lepers‘ Island: Ibid. 127.--Zuсi: Parsons JAFL XXIX 393.

C205. C205. Tabu: eating one’s fill. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 43.

C210. C210. Tabu: eating in certain place. India: Thompson-Balys.

C211. C211. Tabu: eating in other world. *Cosquin Йtudes Folkloriques 192; *Fb “mad” II 524b; Golther Germanische Mythologie 477; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1053; Gьntert Kalypso 154ff.; Boberg Bjergfolkenes Bagning (DF XLVI) 56ff.--Norse: Herrmann Saxo II 586ff., MacCulloch Eddic 321; *Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 39 n. 4, Gaster Thespis 191, Oldest Stories 232; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 338 n. 217c.; Melanesian: Codrington 277; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 148.

C211.1. C211.1. Tabu: eating in fairyland. *Fb “spise” III 495a; Feilberg Bjжrgtagen 15f., 19, 28, 56--64, 100; Hartland Science 38--43, 144.--English-Scottish: Child I 322--5, 327, II 505, IV 455, 458, Wimberly Folklore in Ballads, 159, 275ff.; Irish myth: Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 90* n. 19; Wales: Baughman.

C211.2. C211.2. Tabu: eating in lower world. *Penzer VI 133.--English-Scottish: Child I 322--9 passim.--Maori: Dixon 77; Jewish: Bin Gorion Born Judas I (2d. ed.) 228, VI 64.

C211.2.1. C211.2.1. Tabu: eating in land of ghosts. *Hartland Science 45.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 210, 240; Maori: Clark 8.

C211.2.2. C211.2.2. Tabu: eating in hell (hades). *Fb “mad” II 524.

C211.3. C211.3. Tabu: sky dwellers eating on earth. Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 38.

C211.3.1. C211.3.1. Tabu: goddess eating on earth. Ila: Smith and Dale 347.

C211.3.2. C211.3.2. Tabu: fairies eating mortal food. Irish myth: Cross.

C215. C215. Married man not to eat in country of his parents. Fjort: Dennett 43 No. 6.

C219. C219. Tabu: eating from certain place--miscellaneous

C219.1. C219.1. Tabu: eating from ground. Youth will eat only when on ox. Zulu: Callaway 221.

C219.2. C219.2. Tabu: eating from fine pots. Basuto: Jacottet 142 No. 20.

C219.3. C219.3. Tabu: eating off new mats. Kaffir: Theal 86.

C219.4. C219.4. Tabu: eating from cooking hearth. Irish myth: Cross.

C220. C220. Tabu: eating certain things. India: Thompson-Balys.

C220.1. C220.1. Tabu: eating food produced by a spell. Marquesas: Handy 114.

C221. C221. Tabu: eating meat. Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 811; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 93, Rasmussen II 233, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 76, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM 327.--Malory Morte Darthur XV 2; Ekoi: Talbot 409.

C221.1. C221.1. Tabu: eating flesh of certain animal. Irish myth: Cross; Hebrew: Leviticus, ch. 11; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 636.

C221.1.1. C221.1.1. Tabu: eating flesh of certain beast.

C221.1.1.1. C221.1.1.1. Tabu: eating cow.

C221.1.1.1.1. C221.1.1.1.1. Tabu: eating ox. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 72 No. 11.

C221.1.1.1.2. C221.1.1.1.2. Tabu: eating calf. *Fb “kalvekjшd” II 81.

C221.1.1.1.3. C221.1.1.1.3. Tabu: killing and cooking sacred cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

C221.1.1.2. C221.1.1.2. Tabu: eating horsemeat. Irish myth: Cross.

C221.1.1.3. C221.1.1.3. Eating seal meat. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV200.

C221.1.1.4. C221.1.1.4. Tabu: eating dog. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

C221.1.1.5. C221.1.1.5. Tabu: eating pork. Leviticus ch. 2; Isa. 65: 4; 66: 3ff.; (Egypt, Mohammedan, Crete).--Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Fang): Tessman 195.

C221.1.1.6. C221.1.1.6. Tabu: eating weasel. Jewish: Neuman.

C221.1.1.7. C221.1.1.7. Tabu: eating mouse. Jewish: Neuman.

C221.1.2. C221.1.2. Tabu: eating bird. Marquesas: Handy 64, 131.

C221.1.2.1. C221.1.2.1. Tabu: eating cassawary. Papua: Ker 90.

C221.1.2.2. C221.1.2.2. Tabu: eating pigeon. Marquesas: Handy 67.

C221.1.2.3. C221.1.2.3. Eating dove. (Cf. C549.) Jewish: Neuman.

C221.1.2.4. C221.1.2.4. Tabu: eating eagle. Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 370, (Fang): Tessman 162.

C221.1.3. C221.1.3. Tabu: eating fish. New Guinea: Ker 52; China: Eberhard FFC CXX 85f.

C221.1.3.1. C221.1.3.1. Tabu: eating certain fish. Jewish: *Neuman.

C221.1.3.2. C221.1.3.2. Tabu: eating eel. Rarotonga: Beckwith Myth 262.

C221.1.3.3. C221.1.3.3. Tabu: eating crabs. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 44.

C221.1.3.4. C221.1.3.4. Tabu: eating shark. Tonga: Gifford 80.

C221.2. C221.2. Eating totem animal (or animal namesake). Frazer Golden Bough VIII 25ff.--Irish myth: Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 156; India: Thompson-Balys.--Hupa: Goddard UCal I 154; Iroquois. Smith RBAE II 85; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 52; African: *Werner African 276ff.; Tshi: Ellis Tshi-Speaking Peoples 211.--Australian: Parker 40ff.; Bougainville: Wheeler 58.

C221.2.1. C221.2.1. Tabu: eating animal helper. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard 217 No. 167; Wyandot: Barbeau GSCan XI 103--131, Nos. 28--38.

C221.3. C221.3. Tabu: eating certain parts of animals. *Encyc. Religion and Ethics I 492b.

C221.3.1. C221.3.1. Tabu: eating animal‘s genitals. (Cf. C229.2.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 409.

C221.3.2. C221.3.2. Tabu: breaking bones of eaten animal. Saintyves Contes de Perrault 39. Cf. also E32.

C221.3.3. C221.3.3. Tabu: eating bird’s eggs at certain time of year. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 312.

C221.3.4. C221.3.4. Tabu: eating blubber. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 244.

C221.3.4.1. C221.3.4.1. Tabu: eating fat of animals. (Cf. C229.)--Jewish: *Neuman.

C221.3.5. C221.3.5. Tabu: eating heart of animal (to commemorate relative whose heart was removed by king.)--Chinese: Graham.

C221.3.6. C221.3.6. Tabu: eating sinew of thigh vein. Jewish: *Neuman.

C221.4. C221.4. Tabu: eating animal taken under certain circumstances.

C221.4.1. C221.4.1. Tabu: wife eating first animal caught in trap. Ekoi: Talbot 114.

C221.4.2. C221.4.2. Tabu: eating fish caught with fish-hook made without proper incantations. Maori: Clark 154.

C221.4.3. C221.4.3. Tabu: eating animals recklessly killed. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 138.

C221.5. C221.5. Tabu: eating live animals or live parts of them. Jewish: *Neuman.

C224. C224. Tabu: eating certain vegetable.

C224.1. C224.1. Tabu: eating beans. *Frazer Pausanias IV 240.

C224.2. C224.2. Tabu: eating forbidden herbs. India: Thompson-Balys.

C224.3. C224.3. Tabu: eating breadfruit. Mono: Wheeler 33.

C224.4. C224.4. Tabu: horses‘ eating foreign provender. Greek: *Grote II 130.

C225. C225. Tabu: eating certain fruit. Benga: Nassau 140 No. 16; India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Tupenamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 172; Jewish: Neuman.

C225.1. C225.1. Tabu: eating pomegranate seed. Greek: Fox 229.

C226. C226. Tabu: eating certain plant.

C226.0.1. C226.0.1. Why slayers of tigers must not eat certain plants. India: Thompson-Balys.

C227. C227. Tabu: eating human flesh.

C227.1. C227.1. Why cannibalism is out of vogue. New Guinea: Ker 13.

C229. C229. Tabu: eating certain thing--miscellaneous.

C229.1. C229.1. Tabu: eating thick milk. Kaffir: Theal 49.

C229.2. C229.2. Tabu: women not to eat genitals (heart, liver, etc.) of animals. (Cf. C221.3.1.)--Nippigen Revue Anthropologique XIV 399.--Ekoi: Talbot 409.

C229.3. C229.3. Tabu: eating griddle cakes (in Garden of Eden).--India: Thompson-Balys.

C229.4. C229.4. Tabu: eating firstlings (animals, fruit, etc.)--Jewish: Neuman.

C229.5. C229.5. Eating meat with milk. (Cf. C271).--Jewish: *Neuman.

C229.6. C229.6. Tabu: eating salt. Africa (Togo): Einstein 8f.; Jewish: Neuman.

C230. C230. Tabu: eating at certain time. Irish: Beal XXI 314; Jewish: *Neuman.

C230.1. C230.1. Tabu: feasting for a week. Irish myth: Cross.

C231. C231. Tabu: eating before certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C231.1. C231.1. Tabu: girl eating before being called by father. India: Thompson-Balys; Zulu: Callaway 192.

C231.2. C231.2. Tabu: eating before task is finished. Zuсi: Boas JAFL XXXV 76 No. 4.

C231.3. C231.3. Tabu: eating before offering woman food. Irish myth: Cross.

C231.3.1. C231.3.1. Tabu: eating of magic catch before mother does. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 233.

C231.4. C231.4. Tabu: eating before house of host has been righted. Irish myth: Cross.

C231.5. C231.5. Eight handfuls of food only to be eaten during ceremony. India: Thompson-Balys.

C231.6. C231.6. Tabu: eating before three years have passed. Jewish: Neuman.

C232. C232. Tabu: eating on journey. Benga: Nassau 129 No. 14; India: Thompson-Balys.

C232.1. C232.1. Tabu: bride eating on journey to husband. Kaffir: Theal 51.

C234. C234. Tabu: eating while on visit home. *Type 400.

C235. C235. Tabu: eating flesh on Maundy Thursday. Irish myth: Cross.

C236. C236. Tabu: eating after a guest. Irish myth: Cross.

C237. C237. Tabu: feasting by night at beginning of harvest. Irish myth: Cross.

C240. C240. Tabu: eating food of certain person.

C241. C241. Tabu: eating food of gods. Babylonian: Spence 119f.; India: Thompson-Balys.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 183.

C241.1. C241.1. Tabu: tasting milk of “cow of plenty”, dedicated to the gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

C241.2. C241.2. Tabu: eating chief’s food. Samoa: Beckwith Myth 512.

C243. C243. Tabu: eating food of transformed husband. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 403.

C243.1. C243.1. Tabu: eating food of supernatural lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

C245. C245. Tabu: eating food birds have pecked at. *Fb “fugl” I 380b.

C246. C246. Tabu: eating with person of certain caste. India: Thompson-Balys.

C246.1. C246.1. Tabu: Jews eating with heathen. Jewish: *Neuman.

C246.2. C246.2. Tabu: eating special food of noble girl. Mono: Wheeler XIII 56.

C247. C247. Tabu: eating food laid on the grave. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

C248. C248. Tabu: eating food kept for animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

C250--C279.

C250--C279. DRINKING TABUS

C250. C250. Tabu: drinking. Type 400; Penzer VI 135.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 16.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 338 n. 217b.; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 226.

C260. C260. Tabu: drinking at certain place.

C261. C261. Tabu: drinking from certain fountain. Hartland Science 225; Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 417, 465; Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

C262. C262. Tabu: drinking in other world. *Fb “drikke” I 204.--Wales: Baughman; Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 586ff., MacCulloch Eddic 321f., Boberg.

C263. C263. Tabu: drinking from certain river between two darknesses. Irish myth: Cross.

C270. C270. Tabu: drinking certain things. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “boisson”; Irish myth: Cross.

C271. C271. Tabu: drinking milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

C272. C272. Tabu: drinking wine. (Cf. C251.)--Jewish: Neuman, Moreno: Esdras.

C272.1. C272.1. Tabu: drinking wine touched by hand of heathen. Jewish: Neuman.

C272.2. C272.2. Tabu: drinking wine at certain time. (Cf. C755.)--Jewish: *Neuman.

C272.3. C272.3. Tabu: drinking palm-drink: only prince allowed to break it. Africa (Fang): Einstein 45, Trilles 163.

C273. C273. Tabu: drinking water.

C273.1. C273.1. Tabu: drinking water during certain time. Jewish: Neuman.

C273.2. C273.2. Tabu: drinking water from certain bottle. Chinese: Eberhard 214 No. 113.

C280. C280. Miscellaneous eating and drinking tabus.

C281. C281. Tabu: drinking without presence of dead heads. Irish myth: Cross.

C282. C282. Tabu: refusing a feast. Irish myth: Cross.

C282.1. C282.1. Tabu: leaving a feast before it is ended. Irish myth: Cross.

C283. C283. Tabu: eating without giving thanks. Irish myth: Cross.

C284. C284. Tabu: eating alone. Irish myth: Cross.

C285. C285. Tabu: eating in company. Irish myth: Cross.

C286. C286. Tabu: partaking of certain feast. Irish myth: Cross.

C287. C287. Tabu: consuming feast without discovering a new wonder. Irish myth: Cross.

C288. C288. Tabu: refusing to eat food demanded and supplied. Irish myth: Cross.

C300--C399.

C300--C399. Looking tabu.

C300. C300. Looking tabu. *Fb “se” III 172b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “vue”; Greek: Fox 67 (Pandrosus), Odyssey VII line 20.--Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Javanese: Dixon 209; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 338 n. 217; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 385; S. Am. Indian (Cherentes, Amazonian): Alexander Lat. Am. 308, (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 35.

C310. C310. Tabu: looking at certain person or thing.

C311. C311. Tabu: seeing the supernatural. *Fb “se” III 173a; Irish myth: Cross.

C311.1. C311.1. Tabu: seeing supernatural creatures. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 50.

C311.1.1. C311.1.1. Tabu: looking at ghosts. Fb “sygdom” III 699a.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C311.1.1.1. C311.1.1.1. Tabu: looking through the upturned sleeve of a fur coat. One sees ghosts. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

C311.1.2. C311.1.2. Tabu: looking at fairies. Fb “sygdom” III 699a.--Irish myth: Cross; England, Wales: Baughman.

C311.1.3. C311.1.3. Tabu: looking at mountain-folk. Fb “sygdom” III 699a.

C311.1.4. C311.1.4. Tabu: looking at werewolf. Fb “stum”.--Irish myth: Cross.

C311.1.5. C311.1.5. Tabu: observing supernatural helper. Chinese: Eberhard 217 No. 167.

C311.1.6. C311.1.6. Tabu: seeing witch in her true form. German: Grimm No. 43.

C311.1.7. C311.1.7. Tabu: looking at slain game before it dies. Eskimo (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 620.

C311.1.8. C311.1.8. Tabu: looking at deity. Jewish: Neuman.

C311.1.8.1. C311.1.8.1. Gods flee at approach of dawn. (Cf. E452.) Tonga: Gifford 140.

C311.2. C311.2. Tabu: looking at holy objects. Jewish: Neuman.

C312. C312. Tabu: man looking at woman. Irish myth: Cross.

C312.1. C312.1. Tabu: man looking at nude woman. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Gaster Thespis 328, Oldest Stories 142.

C312.1.1. C312.1.1. Tabu: man looking at nude goddess. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 363 n. 1 (Tiresias), Fox 46, 185 (Acteon), Grote I 238; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

C312.1.2. C312.1.2. Tabu: looking at nude woman riding through town. (Godiva.)--Hartland “Peeping Tom and Lady Godiva” FL I 207; Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 105; English: Baughman.

C312.2. C312.2. Tabu: looking at woman (miscellaneous).

C312.2.1. C312.2.1. Tabu: looking at princess on public appearance. *Chauvin V 61 No. 19; India: Thompson-Balys.

C312.2.2. C312.2.2. Tabu: looking at old woman helper as she eats. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 90 No. 16.

C312.2.3. C312.2.3. Tabu: looking at supernatural woman who is dismembered. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

C312.2.4. C312.2.4. Tabu: looking at women performing Bacchic rites. Greek: Grote I 239.

C312.3. C312.3. Tabu: on looking at daughter for twelve years. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C313. C313. Tabu: woman looking at man.

C313.0.1. C313.0.1. Tabu: princess never to see male person. All men must hide when she goes forth. India: Thompson-Balys.

C313.1. C313.1. Tabu: woman seeing nude man. Greek: Odyssey VI line 128 (Odysseus).

C313.1.1. C313.1.1. Tabu: goddess seeing mortal husband naked. Hindu: Keith 95.

C315. C315. Tabu: looking at certain object.

C315.1. C315.1. Tabu: looking at certain boat. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”.--Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 375, Rasmussen I 239.

C315.2. C315.2. Tabu: looking at heavenly body.

C315.2.1. C315.2.1. Looking at moon when shooting game. Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 67.

C315.2.2. C315.2.2. Tabu: looking at sun. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 180, (Greenland): Rink 441, Rasmussen III 51, Holm 72.

C315.2.2.1. C315.2.2.1. Tabu: looking at sun before prince becomes fourteen years old. India: Thompson-Balys.

C315.2.3. C315.2.3. Tabu: looking at rainbow. Jewish: Neuman; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 39.

C315.3. C315.3. Tabu: looking at water. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C315.4. C315.4. Tabu: looking at certain well. Irish myth: Cross.

C315.5. C315.5. Tabu: looking on certain island. Maori: Beckwith Myth 349.

C316. C316. Tabu: looking at certain animal.

C316.1. C316.1. Tabu: seeing herd red-headed and white-starred. Irish myth: Cross.

C316.2. C316.2. Tabu: looking at caribou. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 241.

C319. C319. Tabu: looking at certain person or thing--miscellaneous.

C319.1. C319.1. Tabu: king forbidden to look at his son. India: Thompson-Balys.

C319.2. C319.2. Tabu: seeing dead man not killed by weapons. Irish myth: Cross.

C320. C320. Tabu: looking into certain receptacle.

C321. C321. Tabu: looking into box (Pandora). Kцhler notes to Gonzenbach Sicilianische Mдrchen No. 15.--Greek: Hesiod Works and Days lines 81---104.--England: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *320; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 276 n. 19.

C321.1. C321.1. Tabu: opening too much of magic box at a time. A priest gives a prince a sealed packet which he is to open in time of distress. He must open only one portion at a time.--Chinese: Werner 230.

C321.2. C321.2. Tabu: opening gift box prematurely. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C322. C322. Tabu: looking into bag. India: Thompson-Balys; Takelau (Samoa): Beckwith Myth 25.

C322.1. C322.1. Bag of winds. Wind is confined in a bag. Man breaks prohibition against looking into bag and releases winds.--Greek: Fox 137, 266, Frazer Apollodorus II 285 n. 2; Estonian: FFC XXV 140 No. 9; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 81 No. 13.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 292 n. 72.--Oceanian: Dixon 55 (Samoan, coconut filled with winds; Chatham Islands, basket); Australian: ibid. 296f. (bag of waters.)--Cf. H. C. Andersen “Paradisets Have.”

C322.2. C322.2. Tabu: opening bag too soon. Welsh: Hartland Science 38.

C323. C323. Tabu: looking into flask. Man given magic flask on condition that he never look into it.--Hartland Science 142; Fb “tшnde” III 934b.

C324. C324. Tabu: looking into jug. Woman does so and finds mouse in it.---- Type 1416; *BP III 543 n. 1; *Fb “Adam” IV 3b; *Crane Vitry 139 No. 13; Krappe Bull. Hispanique XXXIX 44; Jewish: Neuman.

C324.1. C324.1. Tabu: looking into magic calabash. African: (Yoruba): Frobenius Atlantis X 232f. No. 16.

C325. C325. Tabu: looking into the pots in hell. Type 475; Kцhler-Bolte I 69.

C326. C326. Tabu: looking under certain bell too soon. Chinese: Werner 421.

C327. C327. Tabu: looking into basket. Congo: Weeks 206f. No. 3; Marquesas: Handy 120, 122.

C328. C328. Tabu: opening corpse-wrapping. India: Thompson-Balys.

C330. C330. Tabu: looking in certain direction.

C331. C331. Tabu: looking back. *Fb “se” III 173b; *Chauvin VII 98 No. 375; Hartland Science 236, 243; Samter Geburt, Hochzeit, Tod 147ff.--*Pease Cicero De Divinatione 182 (Bk I 49); Eitrem Hermes und die Toten (1909) 40f.; McCartney Papers of Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters XVI (1931) 147f.--Greek: Fox 147, Usener Kleine Schriften IV 455; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Caland Die altindischen Todten- und Bestattungsgebraьche 23, 73ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Fr. Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 503f.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 87 No. 7; Eskimo: Holm 19, Rink 164, 169, 299, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 225; Tonga: Gifford 22; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 499; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G 3/1241); S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 502; Africa (Fang): Trilles 156, 269, (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. KS IV 197.

C331.1. C331.1. Tabu: looking back over left shoulder. Irish myth: Cross.

C331.2. C331.2. Travelers to other world must not look back. (See all references to F81.1., Orpheus.)--Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 169, 299, Rasmussen III 124, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 51.

C331.3. C331.3. Tabu: looking back during flight. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 84.

C332. C332. Tabu: looking around. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 252.

C333. C333. Tabu: looking up. Finnish: Kalevala rune 7.

C334. C334. Tabu: looking over cemetery walls, lest one see ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys.

C335. C335. Tabu: looking down upon earth from sky world. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 42.

C336. C336. Tabu: woman in other world forbidden to look behind curtains. Kodiak: Golder JAFL XVI 30.

C337. C337. Tabu: looking up chimney. Roberts Type 480, p. 175.

C400--C499.

C400--C499. Speaking tabu.

C400. C400. Speaking tabu. *Fb “stum”; *Type 451, 705, 710; Frazer Golden Bough XII 461 s.v. “silence”, Wuttke Volksaberglaube 161, 323; Wimberly Folklore in Ballads 281; Rantasalo FFC XXXII 69ff.; F. L. Grundtvig Dania VI 184ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 586ff., MacCulloch Eddic 321f., Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Parsons JAFL XXIX 393; (Navaho): Alexander N. Am. 174, (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 90 No. 4.

C401. C401. Tabu: speaking during certain time. *Frazer Golden Bough XII 461 s.v. “silence”.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; German: Grimm Nos. 9, 49, 137.

C401.1. C401.1. Tabu: speaking during vigil. *Types 307, 400; *BP II 330, 335, III 534; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 101 No. 86; Hartland Science 246.

C401.2. C401.2. Tabu: speaking during seven days of danger. As result of prophecy of seven days of danger, an injunction of silence is imposed during this period.--Chauvin VIII 34 No. 1 n. 1; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

C401.3. C401.3. Tabu: speaking while searching for treasure. *Fb “stiltiende” III 569a, “skat” III 236b; *Norlind Skattsдgner 57ff.--Swiss Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 3; German: Grimm Deutsche Mythologie II 810ff., v.d. Leyen Sagenbuch IV 238ff.; Norwegian: Skar Gamalt or Sжtesdal III 135ff.; Swedish-Finnish: Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VII (1) 857 (register); Lappish: Qvigstad Lappiske Eventyr II No 134; Egyptian: Legrain Louqsor sans les Pharaons 97.--England, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 693f.--Indonesian: Hambruch Malaiische Mдrchen 192.

C401.3.1. C401.3.1. Tabu: speaking about lost money which is to be regained by witchcraft. The loser cannot refrain from speaking of his loss; the money cannot be recovered. Eng.: Baughman.

C401.4. C401.4. Tabu: speaking while raising sunken church bell. See all references to V115.1.3.1.--England, U.S.: Baughman*.

C401.5. C401.5. Tabu: speaking while gathering fernseed to make wishes come true, at midnight on Christmas Eve when fernseed ripens and falls immediately. Scotland: Baughman.

C401.6. C401.6. Tabu: speaking while taking a bath. Jewish: Neuman.

C402. C402. Tabu: speaking before certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C402.1. C402.1. Tabu: king speaking before his druids speak. Irish myth: Cross.

C402.2. C402.2. Tabu: people speaking before king speaks. Irish myth: Cross.

C405. C405. Silence preserved in fairyland. Irish myth: Cross.

C410. C410. Tabu: asking questions. *Chauvin V 251, 296, VIII 47 No. 15 n. 1.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C411. C411. Tabu: asking about marvels which one sees. (Cf. C423.2, C491.)--*Chauvin V 251 No. 148.--African: Werner African 187.

C411.1. C411.1. Tabu: asking for reason of an unusual action. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Persian: Bricteux Contes Persans 97 No. 4; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35 n.

C413. C413. Tabu: expressing surprise in lower world of dead. India: Thompson-Balys; African: Werner African 187.

C415. C415. Tabu: asking prophet for signs. Jewish: Neuman.

C420. C420. Tabu: uttering secrets. Fb “sten” III 553b.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 59.

C420.1. C420.1. Man (woman) persuaded to reveal fatal secret. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C420.2. C420.2. Tabu: not to speak about a certain happening. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C420.3. C420.3. Tabu: uttering secret overheard. India: Thompson-Balys.

C421. C421. Tabu: revealing secret of supernatural husband. *Type 425A; *Tegethoff Amor und Psyche 33; India: *Thompson-Balys.

C422. C422. Tabu: revealing identity of certain person. Irish myth: Cross.

C422.1. C422.1. Tabu: revealing dragon-fighter‘s identity. Dragon-fighter forbids princess whom he has rescued to tell who he is.--*Type 300.

C423. C423. Tabu: revealing the marvelous.

C423.1. C423.1. Tabu: disclosing source of magic power. Penzer V 3 n. 1; German: Grimm No. 85; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 714; Africa (Fang): Trilles 111, 269.

C423.2. C423.2. Tabu: speaking of extraordinary sight. (Cf. C411, C491.)--*Fb “tale” III 765b; Jewish: Neuman.

C423.3. C423.3. Tabu: revealing experiences in other world. Hartland Science 201.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 240.

C423.4. C423.4. Tabu: uttering secrets heard from spirits. Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 119.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

C423.5. C423.5. Tabu: revealing sacred mysteries. Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 144; India: Thompson-Balys.

C423.6. C423.6. Tabu: telling children about lake monster. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 21.

C424. C424. Tabu: speaking of good luck. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aventure”.

C425. C425. Tabu: revealing knowledge of animal languages. *Type 670; **Aarne FFC XV; BP I 132; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

C426. C426. Tabu: revealing secret song. African: Werner African 209.

C427. C427. Tabu: revealing help of grateful animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

C428. C428. Tabu: revealing time of Messiah’s advent. Jewish: Neuman.

C429. C429. Tabu: uttering secrets.--miscellaneous. India: Thompson-Balys.

C429.1. C429.1. Tabu: mentioning secret water spring. Africa (Lamami): Bouveignes 27.

C430. C430. Name tabu: prohibition against uttering the name of a person or thing.--*Types 400, 500; *BP I 495; *Clodd Tom-Tit-Tot, The Magic of Names; Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 809; *Nyrop Navnets Magt; *Chauvin VI 106 No. 270; *Fb “navn” II 675b, 676a; Frazer Golden Bough XII 383 s.v. “names”.--Irish: Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 70; Welsh: ibid. 100; English-Scottish: Child V 489 s.v. “naming”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 29; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17.--Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII *263 No. 66, *277 No. 89.--Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 101, (Vai): Ellis 257 No. 52, (A‘Kikuyu): Barrett 42.

C431. C431. Tabu: uttering name of god (or gods). *Frazer Golden Bough XII 383 s.v. “names”; *Chauvin VI 66 No. 233; Hebrew: Exodus 20:7, Gaster Exempla 233f. No. 288; Jewish: *Neuman.

C432. C432. Tabu: uttering name of supernatural creature. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

C432.1. C432.1. Guessing name of supernatural creature gives power over him. (Tom-Tit-Tot).--*Type 500; BP I 495; *Clodd Tom-Tit-Tot; Kцhler-Bolte I 109; *Fb “gjжtte” I 452; Henne-am Rhyn@2 No. 618.--Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (Powell tr.) I 49, *Boberg.

C433. C433. Tabu: uttering name of malevolent creature (Eumenides). To avoid the evil results of naming these creatures other names are substituted. The Furies are spoken of as Eumenides; rats and mice as “the large” and “the small”.--*Fb “rotte” III 83a, “mus” II 630b; Gьntert Von der Sprache der Gцtter und Geister (Halle, 1921) 16; ibid. Kalypso 91; Irish myth: Cross; Esthonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 239--248; Greek: Fox 276.--African: Werner African 83.

C433.1. C433.1. Person obnoxious for his sins spoken of as “the other”. Jewish: Neuman.--Krappe “L’autre” The French Review XVII (1944) 145ff.

C433.2. C433.2. Dangerous animals not to be named. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 134, III 70.

C435. C435. Tabu: uttering relative‘s name.

C435.1. C435.1. Tabu: uttering spouse’s name. *MacCulloch Childhood 337; Frazer Golden Bough III 333--339 passim.--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

C435.1.1. C435.1.1. Tabu: uttering name of supernatural wife. Irish myth: Cross.

C435.1.1.1. C435.1.1.1. Woman (fairy) causes twofold death of mortal husband who utters her name. Irish myth: Cross.

C435.2. C435.2. Tabu: uttering name of other close relations. India: Thompson-Balys.

C435.2.1. C435.2.1. Tabu: uttering name of sister-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

C436. C436. Tabu: disclosing own identity. A supernatural person must not tell who he is. Irish myth: Cross.

C437. C437. Tabu: giving child a name lest it die early. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 298.

C440. C440. Origin tabu. Prohibition against mention of origin of person or thing.

C441. C441. Tabu: mentioning original form of transformed person. See references in C31.2, C33.1, and C35.1.--MacCulloch Childhood 261; Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 221; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 342 n. 234; India: Thompson-Balys.

C441.1. C441.1. Family dares not discuss tigers, fearing that son in form of tiger will return. Chinese.: Graham.

C442. C442. Tabu: mentioning land of person‘s birth. Tiersot RTP VI 730; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

C450. C450. Tabu: boasting. Irish: Beal XXI 328; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 161 No. 27, Curtin 19.--Germanic: Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Berufen”.--African: Stanley 110, (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

C451. C451. Tabu: boasting of wealth. *Fb “rose” (2) III 81a.

C452. C452. Tabu: boasting of children (Niobe).--Greek: Fox 44, 175; Germanic: Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Berufen”.

C453. C453. Tabu: boasting of love-conquest. Greek: Fox 199 (Anchises and Aphrodite).

C454. C454. Tabu: boasting that one has no need of gods’ help. Types 830, 836.--Greek: Fox 135 (Ajax the less).

C455. C455. Tabu: boasting of fearlessness. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 319 No. 22.

C460. C460. Laughing tabu. Type 451; BP I 71.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

C461. C461. Tabu: bearded man laughing when shaken. Irish myth: Cross.

C462. C462. Tabu: laughing at sight of ghosts. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

C480. C480. Tabu: other vocal expressions.

C480.1. C480.1. Whistling tabu. *Fb I 326 “flшjte”.

C480.1.1. C480.1.1. Tabu: whistling in mine. U.S.: Baughman (C896.1).

C481. C481. Tabu: singing.

C481.1. C481.1. Tabu: birds not to sing around home of goddess. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 186.

C482. C482. Tabu: weeping.

C482.1. C482.1. Tabu: people weeping in land of gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 69.

C483. C483. Tabu: whistling.

C483.1. C483.1. Tabu: whistling in other world. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1301).

C484. C484. Tabu: coughing.

C484.1. C484.1. Tabu: coughing in other world. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1301).

C490. C490. Other speaking tabus.

C490.1. C490.1. Substitutes for tabu expressions.

C490.1.1. C490.1.1. “Save it for the beggar” (substitute for “save it for tomorrow”. You may be dead by tomorrow.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

C491. C491. Tabu: expressing astonishment at marvel. (Cf. C411, C423.2.)--*Kцhler-Bolte I 220.--Irish: Beal XXI 314; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 254 No. 31.

C491.1. C491.1. Tabu: screaming at terrible sight. Hartland Science 243.

C492. C492. Tabu: speaking to strangers. Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 166 No. 29.

C493. C493. Tabu: thanking (under certain circumstances). Fb “takke” III 763a; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 171; Icel.: *Boberg.

C493.1. C493.1. Tabu: wishing good luck. One must not wish a hunter good luck or a sailor good voyage.--Fb “шnske” III 1178b.

C494. C494. Tabu: cursing. Jewish: Neuman.

C495. C495. Tabu: using any except one certain phrase. India: Thompson-Balys.

C495.1. C495.1. All questions to be answered, “I don‘t know”. A youth is so advised by his horse. *Type 532.

C495.2. C495.2. “We three”--“For gold”--“That is right”. These expressions are the sole conversation of three men.

C495.2.1. C495.2.1. “We three”--“For gold”--“That is right” devil’s bargain. Three brothers have agreed to say only these things. They incriminate themselves.--*Type 360; BP II 561; India: Thompson-Balys.

C495.2.2. C495.2.2. “We three”--“For gold”--“That is right”: phrases of foreign language. Three travelers know each one phrase of a foreign language. They incriminate themselves. *Type 1697; BP II 561; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 20; India: Thompson-Balys.

C495.2.2.1. C495.2.2.1. “Yes”--“No”--“Very well”.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C495.3. C495.3. All questions to be answered “Thanks”. Youth is so advised by old woman helper. Type 593.

C496. C496. Tabu: using obscene language. Jewish: Neuman.

C497. C497. Tabu: speaking to the dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

C498. C498. Speaking tabu: the one forbidden expression.

C498.1. C498.1. Speaking tabu: the one forbidden expression--“Sorrow is not eternal”.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C499. C499. Additional speaking tabus.

C499.1. C499.1. Tabu: announcing death directly. Jewish: Neuman.

C499.2. C499.2. Tabu: complimenting. Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 367.

C500--C549.

C500--C549. Tabu: touching.

C500. C500. Tabu: touching. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “toucher”.--Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

C501. C501. Tabu: contact with things belonging to a king. *Frazer Golden Bough@3 III passim.--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 95, 98.

C510. C510. Tabu: touching tree (plant). Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “arbres”.--Jewish: Neuman; Chatham Islands: Beckwith Myth 19, Notes 10, 11, 12.

C511. C511. Tabu: touching leaves (of tree). Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “feuilles”.

C512. C512. Tabu: plucking ear of grain. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 181 No. 36.

C513. C513. Tabu: breaking twig. BP III 62f.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”.

C513.1. C513.1. Tabu: cutting branches of tree. Jewish: Neuman.

C514. C514. Tabu: burning saja wood (terminalia tomentosa).--India: Thompson-Balys.

C515. C515. Tabu: touching (plucking) flowers. Type 451; Hartland Science 200.--English-Scottish: Child I 360 n.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 17.

C516. C516. Tabu: lying under tree. Girl who does so carried off by fairies. (Cf. C520.)--English-Scottish: Child V 499 s.v. “trees”--Irish myth: Cross.

C517. C517. Tabu: pulling nuts. English-Scottish: Child I 360 n.

C518. C518. Tabu: cutting down tree. Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 95; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G 3/1174).

C518.1. C518.1. Cutting elder tree fatal to man. (See C920.)--England: Baughman.

C518.2. C518.2. Cutting white thorn tree fatal to man who cuts it. (Cf. C920.) Ireland: Baughman; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I No. 311, Fb “hvidtjшrn” I 703 a.

C519. C519. Tabu: touching tree (plant)--miscellaneous.

C519.1. C519.1. Tabu: harming tree in any way before burning it. India: Thompson-Balys.

C520. C520. Tabu: touching ground. (Cf. C516.) Hartland Science 197.--Irish myth: Cross; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 246; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 303.

C521. C521. Tabu: dismounting from horse. Hartland Science 199; Irish myth: Cross.

C521.1. C521.1. Tabu: dismounting from magic sack. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

C522. C522. Tabu: plowing in certain place. Fb “plove” II 849b, “hцj” I 741b.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 30 No. 1, 41 No. 2, (Basuto): Jacottet 100 No. 15, (Zulu): Callaway 99, (Yoruba): Ellis 253 No. 4.

C523. C523. Tabu: digging. (Cf. C522.)--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 332 n. 197.

C523.1. C523.1. Tabu: digging up certain stones. India: Thompson-Balys.

C523.2. C523.2. Tabu: digging in fairy ring. England: Baughman.

C524. C524. Tabu: disembarking from boat on return from other world. Irish myth: Cross.

C525. C525. Tabu: picking up card fallen to ground. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cartes”.

C526. C526. Tabu: touching sacred mountain. Jewish: Neuman.

C530. C530. Tabu: touching (miscellaneous).

C531. C531. Tabu: touching with iron. *MacCulloch Childhood 339; Hartland Science 163f.; Fb “jжrn” II 61a.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 93.

C531.1. C531.1. Umbilical cord not to be cut with iron. India: Thompson-Balys.

C532. C532. Tabu: touching water. Irish myth: Cross.

C533. C533. Tabu: touching box. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 203.

C533.1. C533.1. Tabu: touching magic box. (Cf. D1174.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 18, 178, (Vai): Ellis 187 No. 3, (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 33.

C535. C535. Tabu: stepping on bread (or otherwise misusing it). *Fb “brшd” IV 74a.

C536. C536. Tabu: not to clean houses with cow-dung. India: Thompson-Balys.

C537. C537. Tabu: touching certain animals.

C537.1. C537.1. Tabu: touching camel after he has retired from work. Cyprus: Hadjioannou Kypriakoi Mythoi (Leukosia, 1948) No. 22.

C537.2. C537.2. Tabu: touching hairless dog. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 343.

C537.3. C537.3. Tabu: touching horse or moving dead cat or dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

C541. C541. Tabu: contact with the dead. Jewish: *Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 341, 452, Rasmussen III 104.

C541.1. C541.1. Tabu: dead body not to be on ship. English-Scottish: Child I 245 n.

C541.2. C541.2. Head of slain man must not be moved. Fb “hoved” I 655a.

C541.3. C541.3. Tabu: touching bones of murdered person. India: Thompson-Balys.

C541.4. C541.4. Tabu: lying on ancestors’ bones. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3541.

C541.5. C541.5. Tabu: taking down corpse of hanged man. India: Thompson-Balys.

C541.6. C541.6. Tabu: embalming. Jewish: Neuman.

C542. C542. Tabu: touching treasures of other world. *Krappe Balor 125 n. 17.--Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 589; MacCulloch Eddic 321, *Boberg.

C542.1. C542.1. Tabu: contact with things on journey to hell. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

C542.2. C542.2. Tabu: touching fire in other world. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 45.

C543. C543. Tabu: picking up comb from ground. It belongs to fairy (witch) who will avenge insult. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 22 note.--Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

C544. C544. Tabu: crushing eggs.

C544.1. C544.1. Tabu: crushing lizard‘s eggs. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 127.

C545. C545. Tabu: touching certain clothes.

C545.1. C545.1. Tabu: touching old clothes. (Abandoned clothes should be thrown away.)--Tahiti: Henry 143.

C545.2. C545.2. Tabu: touching clothes of certain person. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 58.

C545.3. C545.3. Tabu: touching dress. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

C546. C546. Tabu: striking certain rock. Samoa: Beckwith Myth 19, notes 10--12.

C549. C549. Tabu: touching (miscellaneous).

C549.1. C549.1. Tabu: tiger and lion after having killed a man not to touch certain animals: cow, buffalo, pig, deer, wild goat. India: Thompson-Balys.

C549.1.1. C549.1.1. Tabu: touching a horse or moving a dead cat or dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

C549.2. C549.2. Tabu: touching soldiers of enchanted (sleeping) army and their horses. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

C550--C599.

C550--C599. Class tabu.

C550. C550. Class tabu. Missouri French: Carriиre.

C551. C551. Untouchables. Certain castes whose touch is considered a pollution. India: Thompson-Balys.

C551.1. C551.1. Tabu: touching food of another caste. India: Thompson-Balys.

C560. C560. Tabu: things not to be done by certain class. Irish Myth: Cross.

C561. C561. Tabus of slaves.

C561.1. C561.1. Tabu: slave going near fetish. African (Ekoi): Talbot 27; Maori: Clark 128; Jewish: Neuman.

C563. C563. Tabus of kings. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

C563.1. C563.1. Tabu: king traveling alone. Irish myth: Cross.

C563.2. C563.2. Tabu: king having physical blemish. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: *Neuman.

C563.3. C563.3. Tabu: king allowing rapine during his reign. Irish myth: Cross.

C563.4. C563.4. Tabu: king settling quarrel among thralls. Irish myth: Cross.

C563.5. C563.5. Tabu: appearing before king without having been summoned. Jewish: Neuman.

C563.6. C563.6. Tabu: killing king, even at his own request. Jewish: Neuman.

C564. C564. Tabus of chiefs. Irish myth: Cross.

C564.1. C564.1. Tabu: chief being in ale-house when there is no story-telling. Irish myth: Cross.

C564.2. C564.2. Tabu: chief‘s troop not having a herald. Irish myth: Cross.

C564.3. C564.3. Tabu: chief to be in large company without wolf-hounds. Irish myth: Cross.

C564.4. C564.4. Cloth from certain bark tabu to all except chiefs. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 144.

C564.5. C564.5. Tabu: altar smoke from sacrifice touching young chief. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth: 346.

C564.6. C564.6. Tabu: teaching genealogy of chiefs to commoners. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 309.

C564.7. C564.7. Tabu: touching head of chief. Hawaii, Marquesas, Lau Islands: Beckwith Myth 468.

C564.8. C564.8. Tabu: chieftainess preparing food. Maori: Clark 2.

C564.9. C564.9. Tabu: chief going outdoors in spite of provocations. Hawaii Beckwith Myth 118.

C565. C565. Tabus of bearded men. Irish myth: Cross.

C565.1. C565.1. Tabu: labor by bearded man. Irish myth: Cross.

C565.2. C565.2. Tabu: bearded man being lazy. Irish myth: Cross.

C566. C566. Tabus of heroes. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C566.1. C566.1. Tabu: fish hero snaring a being in the bays of his land. Irish myth: Cross.

C566.2. C566.2. Tabu: birds feeding on hero’s land without leaving him something. Irish myth: Cross.

C566.3. C566.3. Tabu: women leaving hero‘s land without his knowing it. Irish myth: Cross.

C566.4. C566.4. Tabu: women marrying until hero has chosen their husbands. Irish myth: Cross.

C566.5. C566.5. Tabu: warriors being in hero’s land without receiving challenge from him. Irish myth: Cross.

C566.6. C566.6. Tabu: sex activity for warriors. (Cf. C110.) Jewish: Neuman.

C567. C567. Tabus of princesses.

C567.1. C567.1. Tabu: eloping with king‘s daughter. Irish myth: Cross.

C567.2. C567.2. Tabu: princess stepping in water. Madagascar (Tsimihety): Renel I 144ff. No. 26.

C568. C568. Tabus of poets. Irish myth: Cross.

C568.1. C568.1. Tabu: poets to be ignorant of national literature. Irish myth: Cross.

C572. C572. Tabus of a thief. Irish myth: Cross.

C573. C573. Tabus of priests. Jewish: *Neuman; Maori: Clark 132, 149.

C575. C575. Tabus of bastards. Jewish: Neuman.

C576. C576. Tabus of strangers. Jewish: Neuman.

C600--C699.

C600--C699. Unique prohibitions and compulsions.

C600--C649.

C600--C649. THE ONE FORBIDDEN THING

C600. C600. Unique prohibition. A person is forbidden to do one particular thing; everything else he is free to do.--Celtic: *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt. II 307.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C601. C601. Unique prohibition announced by mysterious voice. India: Thompson-Balys.

C610. C610. The one forbidden place. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “interdits”.--Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: *Neuman; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 86; Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. KS. IV 219; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 70, 186; Marquesas: Handy 36; New Hebrides: Codrington 385; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G 13/317).

C611. C611. Forbidden chamber. Person allowed to enter all chambers of house except one.--Types 311, 312, 313, 314, 480, 502, 516, 710; *BP I 21; *Cox Cinderella 484; Roberts* (Type 480) 174.--*MacCulloch Childhood 306; *Chauvin V 302 No. 117; **Hartland FLJ III 193; Fb “kammer” II 83, “menneske” II 577b; Penzer II 223 n. 1, 252f., VII 21 n. 3, VIII 57 n. 1; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 98; Clouston Tales I 198ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 129, 312.--Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chambre”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 23; Missouri French: Carriиre; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 30; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Spanish Exempla: Keller.--Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 135 No. 21; Tonga: Gifford 189.

C611.1. C611.1. Forbidden door. All doors may be entered except one. *Kirby FLJ V 112; *Chauvin V 203 No. 117; India: Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 275 No. 86; Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 75 No. 1.

C611.1.1. C611.1.1. Prince not to be given eighth key until after he has ruled for five years. India: Thompson-Balys.

C611.2. C611.2. Forbidden stables. Person allowed to enter everywhere but into three stables. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

C611.3. C611.3. Forbidden ladder. India: Thompson-Balys.

C612. C612. Forbidden forest. (Cf. C614.1.0.2.)--Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 142; African (Pahouini): Largeau 195, (Bondei): Woodward FL XXXVI 367ff. No. 12.

C614. C614. Forbidden road. All roads may be taken except one. India: *Thompson-Balys; African (Zulu): Callaway 96, (Kaffir): Theal 86.

C614.1. C614.1. Forbidden direction of travel. Person free to go in any other. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

C614.1.0.1. C614.1.0.1. Tabu: going in a certain direction while tending cattle. India: Thompson-Balys.

C614.1.0.2. C614.1.0.2. Tabu: hunting in certain part of forest. (Cf. C612.)--India: *Thompson-Balys.

C614.1.0.3. C614.1.0.3. Forbidden direction: not to step outside a certain line. India: Thompson-Balys.

C614.1.1. C614.1.1. Forbidden direction: north. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C614.1.2. C614.1.2. Forbidden direction: south. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C614.1.3. C614.1.3. Forbidden direction: west. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C614.1.4. C614.1.4. Forbidden direction: east.

C614.1.5. C614.1.5. Tabu: going in direction either of sunset or sunrise. India: Thompson-Balys.

C614.2. C614.2. Tabu: going through a wicket gate. Irish myth: Cross.

C615. C615. Forbidden body of water. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 69.

C615.1. C615.1. Forbidden lake (pool).

C615.2. C615.2. Hero not to swim in certain lake. Irish myth: Cross.

C615.3. C615.3. Lake forbidden at certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C615.4. C615.4. Tabu: not to rest near a lake. India: Thompson-Balys.

C615.5. C615.5. Certain pool to be approached only when properly attired. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 288.

C616. C616. Tabu: feasting visitor at certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C617. C617. Forbidden country. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C617.1. C617.1. Forbidden (perilous) ford. Irish myth: Cross.

C619. C619. The one forbidden place--miscellaneous.

C619.1. C619.1. Forbidden hostel. Irish myth: Cross.

C619.2. C619.2. Tabu: going into wild boar’s haunt. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

C619.3. C619.3. Forbidden horse fair. Irish myth: Cross.

C619.4. C619.4. Tabu: women to be on certain island. Irish myth: Cross.

C620. C620. Tabu: partaking of the one forbidden object. India: Thompson-Balys.

C621. C621. Forbidden tree. Fruit of all trees may be eaten, except one. *Frazer Testament I 45ff.; *Dh I 208ff.--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 381ff.; Burmese, Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 265, 289.--N. A. Indian (Biloxi): Dorsey and Swanton RBAE XLVII 32; (Quichй): Alexander Lat. Am. 171; S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): ibid. 315.

C621.1. C621.1. Tree of knowledge forbidden. Dh I 212ff.--Jewish: *Neuman.

C621.2. C621.2. Tabu: touching fruit.

C621.2.1. C621.2.1. Tabu: touching apple. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. *“Apfel” n. 31.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 41 No. 301.

C621.2.2. C621.2.2. Tabu: touching banana. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 146.

C622. C622. Forbidden drinking horn. One may drink from anything else. Irish myth: Cross.

C623. C623. Forbidden well. (One may not go there unless accompanied by cup-bearers.) Irish myth: Cross.

C623.1. C623.1. Well upon which no one can look without losing his eyes. Irish myth: Cross.

C624. C624. Forbidden barrel. Jewish: Neuman.

C625. C625. Tabu: opening bottle. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 214, No. 163.

C630. C630. Tabu: the one forbidden time. India: Thompson-Balys.

C631. C631. Tabu: breaking the sabbath. Hebrew: Exodus 20; 8--12.--Jewish: *Neuman; Irish myth: Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 17f. Nos. 157--170.

C631.1. C631.1. Tabu: journeying on sabbath. Jewish: *Neuman; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

C631.2. C631.2. Tabu: spinning on holy days. Fb “spinde” III 491b--Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 177.

C631.3. C631.3. Tabu: washing hair on sabbath. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C631.4. C631.4. Tabu: lighting or extinguishing lights on sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

C631.5. C631.5. Tabu: writing on sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

C631.6. C631.6. Tabu: playing music on sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

C632. C632. Tabu: going abroad on Hallowe‘en. Irish myth: Cross.

C634. C634. Tabu: fasting on holidays. Jewish: *Neuman.

C635. C635. Tabu: giving ring at certain time. India: Thompson-Balys.

C636. C636. Tabu: hunting on shortest day in the year. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 341.

C640. C640. Unique prohibition--miscellaneous.

C641. C641. Tabu: making war against certain tribe. Irish myth: Cross.

C641.1. C641.1. Tabu: making war against certain tribe on Tuesday. Irish myth: Cross.

C642. C642. Tabu: making peace with certain tribe. Irish myth: Cross.

C643. C643. Tabu: turning left side of chariot toward certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C644. C644. The one forbidden thing: returning to home country after marrying fairy. India: Thompson-Balys.

C650--C699.

C650--C699. THE ONE COMPULSORY THING

C650. C650. The one compulsory thing. Unless one does this one thing, misfortune comes. (Sometimes one is under magic compulsion.)--**Reinhard the Survival of Geis in Mediaeval Romance.--Irish myth: Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 177ff., passim, *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt II 307; Beal XXI 312.

C650.1. C650.1. Customs connected with unique compulsion. Irish myth: Cross.

C651. C651. The one compulsory question. Percival must ask the meaning of the strange sights he sees; else the Fisher King will not be healed.--Voretzsch Altfranz Lit. 325 (Chretien de Troyes Conte del Graal).

C652. C652. Compulsion: taking back talisman which opened treasure mountain. Hero takes treasure and forgets the talisman.--*Krappe Balor 109ff.

C655. C655. Only one certain gift must be accepted.

C655.1. C655.1. Only peacock on the steeple of the king’s golden temple can be accepted as dowry. India: Thompson-Balys.

C661. C661. Girl from elfland must eat earthly food in order to remain. *Fb “spise” III 495b.

C662. C662. One must eat “death vegetable” whenever one sees it. Otherwise god will be angry. India: Thompson-Balys.

C663. C663. Compulsion to bathe in certain waters daily. Irish myth: Cross.

C664. C664. Injunction: to marry first woman met. Irish myth: Cross.

C664.0.1. C664.0.1. Injunction: to cohabit with first woman met after battle. Irish myth: Cross.

C665. C665. Injunction: protect certain stone from molestation. Irish myth: Cross.

C666. C666. Compulsion to go to certain place at certain time (or once each year). Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C671. C671. The one compulsory song. Beer cannot be brewed until an old man sings the song of the origin of beer.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 20.

C672. C672. Compulsion to tell stories.

C672.1. C672.1. Curse laid upon man by stories he fails to tell: they creep out of his belly when he is asleep and talk. India: Thompson-Balys.

C675. C675. Compulsion to give food to everyone met on journey. African (Jaunde): Nekes 251.

C680. C680. Other compulsions.

C681. C681. Compulsion to answer cry. Hero is magically compelled to do so. Irish myth: Cross.

C681.1. C681.1. Compulsion to regard hunting cry and follow hounds. Irish myth: Cross.

C682. C682. Compulsion to invite singer to feast. Until that is done, the beer will not stop foaming. (Cf. C671.)--Finnish: Kalevala rune 20.

C683. C683. Injunction: sleep where night overtakes you. Otherwise misfortune will come.--Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 213 No. 73.

C684. C684. Compulsion to perform certain task yearly.

C684.1. C684.1. Compulsion to catch blackbird alive yearly. Irish myth: Cross.

C684.2. C684.2. Compulsion to kill one of certain hogs yearly. Irish myth: Cross.

C684.3. C684.3. Compulsion to leap yearly over stone one’s size held in palm of hand. Irish myth: Cross.

C684.4. C684.4. Compulsion to hold festival at certain intervals. Irish myth: Cross.

C685. C685. Injunction: to give sample of food to dog before eating. Misfortune follows failure to do so.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63 No. 453.

C686. C686. Injunction: to forsake woman who arouses love. Irish myth: Cross.

C686.1. C686.1. Tabu: to refuse help to a woman. Irish myth: Cross.

C687. C687. Injunction: to perform certain act daily.

C687.1. C687.1. Injunction: to visit saint daily. Irish myth: Cross.

C700--C899.

C700--C899. Miscellaneous tabus.

C700. C700. Miscellaneous tabus.

C710. C710. Tabus connected with other-world journeys. Babylonian: Gilgamesch-Epos XII p. 64ff.--Icelandic: Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 371, 440, Rasmussen III 170; Marquesas: Beckwith Myth 149.

C711. C711. Tabu: going into bath on return from serpent kingdom. (Cf. C721.)--Chauvin V 257 No. 152.

C712. C712. Tabu: staying too long in other world.

C712.1. C712.1. Tabu: staying too long in fairyland. (Cf. C713.3.)--*R. M. Meyer Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 1ff.

C713. C713. Forsaken merman. Tabu: association of fairy‘s (merman’s, etc.) human wife (husband) with human relatives.

C713.1. C713.1. Tabu: merman‘s wife not to stay till church benediction. English: Child I 366.

C713.2. C713.2. Tabu: wife of supernatural husband seeing old home. Usually a part of the “Star-Husband” tale of the North American Indians: Thompson Tales 332 n. 197.

C713.3. C713.3. Tabu: wife of merman staying too long at home (on visit). (Cf. C712.1.)--Norwegian: Child I 364.

C713.3.1. C713.3.1. Tabu: beast-husband staying too long at home: becomes sick. India: Thompson-Balys.

C713.4. C713.4. Golden apple thrown to remind merman’s wife not to forget to return to him. Child I 364f.

C714. C714. Tabus concerning requests made in otherworld.

C714.1. C714.1. Only one present to be asked for at home of spirit son-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

C715. C715. Tabu: speaking in otherworld. (Cf. C400.)

C715.1. C715.1. Tabu: speaking in fairyland. India: Thompson-Balys.

C715.2. C715.2. Tabu: making noise on way to other world. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 154.

C716. C716. Tabu: removing hats while in otherworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

C720. C720. Tabu: attending toilet needs.

C721. C721. Tabu: bathing. (Cf. C711.)--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

C721.1. C721.1. Tabu: bathing during certain time. *Types 361, 475; BP II 423, 427 (Gr. Nos. 100, 101).--Irish myth: Cross.

C721.2. C721.2. Tabu: bathing in certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C721.2.1. C721.2.1. Tabu: bathing in clear stream. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 281.

C721.3. C721.3. Tabu: bathing without straining stream afterwards. Irish myth: Cross.

C722. C722. Tabu: cutting hair. Jewish: *Neuman.

C722.0.1. C722.0.1. Tabu: shaving. Jewish: Neuman.

C722.1. C722.1. Tabu: cutting hair during certain time. *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

C723. C723. Tabu: combing hair.

C723.1. C723.1. Tabu: combing hair during certain time. *Types 361, 475; BP II 423, 427 (Gr. Nos. 100, 101).

C725. C725. Tabu: attending call of nature at certain time. Africa (Benga): Nassau 132 No. 14.

C725.1. C725.1. Tabu: use of water after attending call of nature. India: Thompson-Balys.

C726. C726. Tabu: trimming fingernails. Jewish: Neuman; German: Grimm Nos. 100, 101.

C726.1. C726.1. Tabu: throwing away nail trimmings. Jewish: Neuman; Tahiti: Henry 143.

C730. C730. Tabu: resting. India: Thompson-Balys.

C731. C731. Tabu: resting on journey. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 51.

C735. C735. Tabu: sleeping. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 100.

C735.1. C735.1. Tabu: sleeping during certain time. *Type 400; BP II 318 ff.; Irish myth: Cross.--N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Parsons JAFL XXIX 393; (Ojibwa): Jones-Michelson PAES VII (2) 231 No. 20, (Bella Coola): Boas JE I 58.--Africa (Congo): Weeks 217 No. 12.

C735.1.0.1. C735.1.0.1. Tabu: sleeping in certain position during certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C735.1.1. C735.1.1. Tabu: bearded man sleeping at sunrise. Irish myth: Cross.

C735.1.2. C735.1.2. Tabu: sleeping before task is finished. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1174).

C735.2. C735.2. Tabu: sleeping in certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C735.2.1. C735.2.1. Tabu: sleeping in other world. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 281, (Congo): Weeks 217 No. 22.

C735.2.1.1. C735.2.1.1. Tabu: sleeping before lapse of seven days in cloudland. Africa (Congo): Weeks 217.

C735.2.2. C735.2.2. Tabu: sleeping in empty hut. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 86.

C735.2.3. C735.2.3. Tabu: king (hero) sleeping after sunrise at capital. Irish myth: Cross.

C735.2.4. C735.2.4. Tabu: sleeping in house lighted after sunset. Irish myth: Cross.

C735.2.5. C735.2.5. Tabu: sleeping in cemetery. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

C735.2.6. C735.2.6. Tabu: sleeping on the path of ghosts. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

C735.2.7. C735.2.7. Tabu: sleeping on feather bed. Canadian: Gautier.

C735.2.8. C735.2.8. Tabu: sleeping two nights in the same place until certain result is attained. Irish myth: Cross.

C735.2.9. C735.2.9. Tabu: to rest sitting or lying until answer to certain question is learned. Irish myth: Cross.

C735.2.10. C735.2.10. Tabu: sleeping at one‘s own home. Jewish: Neuman.

C740. C740. Tabu: doing deed of mercy or courtesy.

C741. C741. Tabu: relieving souls in hell. Boy who tends kettles in hell not allowed to raise covers to relieve poor souls.--Kцhler-Bolte I 138, *320.

C742. C742. Tabu: striking monster twice. Though monster begs that hero strike him again, hero refuses. Monster would otherwise revive.--*Chauvin VII 69 No. 348 n. 2; *Wesselski Theorie 143 and n.; *Kцhler-Bolte I 469ff.; *Krappe Rйvue d’Ethnographie et des Traditions Populaires (1925) 432ff.; **Wesselski Erlesenes 18ff.; *BP IV 395.

C742.1. C742.1. Man must be killed with first blow: others will not harm him. Irish myth: Cross.

C743. C743. Tabu: putting house in order for one man. Irish myth: Cross.

C744. C744. Tabu: accepting an invitation. Irish myth: Cross.

C745. C745. Tabu: entertaining strangers. Jewish: Neuman.

C745.1. C745.1. Tabu: heeding pleas of old woman for food and warmth. (Old woman is transformed demon.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

C746. C746. Tabu: watching a game without helping the losing player. Irish myth: Cross.

C747. C747. Tabu: not to allow any other creature on raft. India: Thompson-Balys.

C750. C750. Time tabus. India: Thompson-Balys.

C751. C751. Tabu: doing thing at certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.1. C751.1. Tabu: lighting fire at certain time. *Chauvin VII 116 No. 385; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

C751.1.1. C751.1.1. Tabu: lighting fire before king lights one. (Cf. C756.)--Irish myth: Cross.

C751.2. C751.2. Tabu: sleeping with certain wife on Midsummer‘s Eve. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.3. C751.3. Tabu: convening certain hunt at certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.4. C751.4. Tabu: going on water Monday after May Day. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.5. C751.5. Tabu: making treaty at certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.6. C751.6. Tabu: leaving capital every ninth night. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.7. C751.7. Tabu: doing thing at sunrise. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.7.1. C751.7.1. Tabu: being in certain place at sunrise. Irish myth: Cross.

C751.8. C751.8. Tabu: carrying food at night. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 144.

C752. C752. Tabu: doing thing after certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C752.1. C752.1. Tabu: doing thing after sunset (nightfall). Irish myth: Cross.

C752.1.1. C752.1.1. Tabu: bringing arms to capital after sunset. Irish myth: Cross.

C752.1.2. C752.1.2. Tabu: crossing certain plain after sunset. Irish myth: Cross.

C752.1.3. C752.1.3. Tabu: single person entering one’s house after sunset. Irish myth: Cross.

C752.1.4. C752.1.4. Tabu: allowing person to come to feast after sunset. Irish myth: Cross.

C752.1.5. C752.1.5. Tabu: casting in graveyard after sunset. Irish myth: Cross.

C752.1.6. C752.1.6. Tabu: using magic power after nightfall. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/116).

C752.2. C752.2. Tabu: doing certain thing after sunrise.

C752.2.1. C752.2.1. Tabu: supernatural creatures being abroad after sunrise. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 333.

C752.2.2. C752.2.2. Conjurer must leave before sunrise. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 173.

C755. C755. Tabu: doing thing during certain time. Irish myth: Cross.

C755.1. C755.1. Tabu: leaving house within certain time. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 463 No. 99; Samoa: Henry 346.

C755.2. C755.2. Telling tales except at certain time of year (or day). De Vries Het Sprookje 49.--Dakota: Wallis JAFL XXXVI 56f.

C755.3. C755.3. Tabu: coming to Ireland in time of peace. Irish myth: Cross.

C755.4. C755.4. Tabu: going to certain place in March. Irish myth: Cross.

C755.5. C755.5. Tabu: sitting on certain sepulchral mounds in autumn. Irish myth: Cross.

C755.6. C755.6. Tabu: hunting in certain season. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 97, III 187.

C755.6.1. C755.6.1. Tabu: hunting in hottest season. India: Thompson-Balys.

C755.7. C755.7. Tabu: landing on certain island during forbidden period. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 508, 511.

C755.8. C755.8. Tabu: going out at night by oneself. Jewish: Neuman.

C756. C756. Tabu: doing thing before certain time.

C756.0.1. C756.0.1. Tabu: ringing bell before certain time. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 242 No. 188.

C756.1. C756.1. Tabu: going home before dog precedes. Fb “hund” I 678b.

C756.2. C756.2. Tabu: letting sun shine on girl before she is thirty years old. Fb “sol” III 458a.

C756.3. C756.3. Tabu: going home before adventure is completed. South African: Bourhill and Drake Fairy Tales from South Africa 237ff. No. 20.

C756.4. C756.4. Tabu: entering chariot less than three weeks after having eaten horseflesh. Irish myth: Cross.

C757. C757. Tabu: doing thing too soon. India: Thompson-Balys.

C757.1. C757.1. Tabu: destroying animal skin of enchanted person too soon. *Type 425; Tegethoff Amor und Psyche 32ff.--Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

C757.2. C757.2. Tabu: telling adventure in otherworld too soon. India: *Thompson-Balys; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 99.

C758. C758. Tabu: doing thing too hastily.

C758.1. C758.1. Monster born because of hasty (inconsiderate) wish of parents. **Tegethoff 24; *Types 425, 430, 433B, 441; BP II 235ff, *483, III 534; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 15 No. 11; India: Thompson-Balys.

C761. C761. Tabu: doing thing too long.

C761.1. C761.1. Tabu: remaining on journey too long. English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain).--Chinese: Graham.

C761.2. C761.2. Tabu: staying too long at home. *Type 425; Tegethoff Amor und Psyche 34ff.

C761.3. C761.3. Tabu: staying too long at ball. Must leave before certain hour.--*Type 510AB; *Cox Cinderella passim; Missouri French: Carriиre.

C761.4. C761.4. Tabu: staying too long in certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C761.4.1. C761.4.1. Tabu: staying two nights in one place until certain event is brought to pass. Irish myth: Cross.

C761.4.2. C761.4.2. Tabu: staying too long in meadow of otherworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

C761.4.3. C761.4.3. Tabu: angel to remain on earth more than one week. Jewish: Neuman.

C762. C762. Tabu: doing thing too often.

C762.1. C762.1. Tabu: using magic power too often. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 299 n. 93; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 461.

C762.2. C762.2. Tabu: too much weeping for dead. Persian: Carnoy 345. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 73, 80, Rasmussen III 166, 180.

C762.3. C762.3. Tabu: whipping magic horse more than once on journey. India: Thompson-Balys.

C762.4. C762.4. Tabu: taking more than one fruit from certain tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

C762.5. C762.5. “Take, but only twice.” Man to take money from cursed chest only twice. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 36, 130.

C766. C766. Eating after one is satisfied. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 182.

C766.1. C766.1. Tabu: killing more cattle than one can eat. Icelandic: Boberg.

C770. C770. Tabu: overweening pride. Jewish: *Neuman.

C770.1. C770.1. Overweening pride in good fortune forbidden. Man proud that he and his clan have never known unhappiness or want swallowed up by earth. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

C771. C771. Tabu: building too large a structure.

C771.1. C771.1. Tabu: building too high a tower. (Tower of Babel.) Hebrew: Genesis II 3ff.; Frazer Testament I 362ff.; Jewish: *Neuman; Hartland Science 221.--Esthonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 453 f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 266f.--Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 132; Aztec: ibid. 96.--African (Kaffir): Kidd 237 No. 6; (Ashanti): Werner African Myth 124.

C771.1.1. C771.1.1. Wicked man constructs tower neither too large nor too high. (Santa Barbara.) Der Heiligen Leben u. Leiden (Leipzig, 1921) 101ff.

C771.2. C771.2. Tabu: piling up mountains to reach heaven. Greek: Fox 144; *Frazer Ovid II 136.

C773. C773. Tabu: aspiring to too much power. *Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 259 No. 54.

C773.1. C773.1. Tabu: making unreasonable requests. Given power of fulfilling all wishes, person oversteps moderation and is punished. *Type 555; *BP I 138; Grimm No. 19; *DeCock Volkssage 22ff.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 235; Irish myth: Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *555B; India: Thompson-Balys.

C773.1.1. C773.1.1. Tabu: asking for too great magic multiplication of coins. *Starck Der Alraun; Taylor JAFL XXXI 561f.--India: Thompson-Balys.

C776. C776. Tabu: counting possessions. *Fb “tжlle” III 923a.--Irish: Beal XXI 337; Jewish: Neuman.

C780. C780. Tabu: buying, selling, etc.

C781. C781. Tabu: buying. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 810.

C781.1. C781.1. Tabu: buying gallows flesh or living flesh.--*BP I 514.

C782. C782. Tabu: selling. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 810.

C782.1. C782.1. Tabu: selling used clothing.--Fb “klжder” II 200a.

C782.2. C782.2. Tabu: selling to witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 843.

C783. C783. Tabu: giving away.

C783.1. C783.1. Tabu: giving certain money away.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “argent”.

C783.2. C783.2. Tabu: giving away rings. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

C784. C784. Tabu: lending. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 27.

C784.1. C784.1. Tabu: lending to witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 644, 652.

C785. C785. Tabu: trying to save provision for another day. India: Thompson-Balys.

C810. C810. Tabu: heeding persuasive person or thing.

C811. C811. Tabu: heeding persuasive voices. Tsimshian: Boas RBAE XXXI 188.

C811.1. C811.1. Tabu: heeding persuasive voice of magic drum. Not to pick up drum that says “take me”.--Roberts Type 480, p. 204; Benga: Nassau No. 11.

C811.2. C811.2. Tabu: heeding magic yam that says not to take it up. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 90 No. 16.

C811.3. C811.3. Tabu: answering call when asleep. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

C812. C812. Tabu: pursuing certain animal. Zulu: Callaway 117.

C815. C815. Tabu: listening to mother‘s counsel. Fb “moder” II 600b.

C815.1. C815.1. Tabu: listening to princess’s counsel. Canadian: Gautier.

C820. C820. Tabu: finding certain secret.

C821. C821. Tabu: finding age of monster. Type 500; *BP I 497.

C822. C822. Tabu: solving sphinx‘s riddle: sphinx perishes. Greek: Fox 49 (Oedipus).

C824. C824. Tabu: finding name of ghost. BP I 496; Grimm No. 55.

C825. C825. Tabu: studying occult books. Jewish: Neuman.

C830--C899.

C830--C899. UNCLASSIFIED TABUS

C830. C830.1 Unclassified tabus.

C832. C832. Tabu: spinning. Saintyves Contes de Perrault 79ff.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3695, Legends No. 378f.

C833. C833. Tabus for journeys.

C833.1. C833.1. Tabu: crossing river except at source. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 69 No. 3.

C833.2. C833.2. Tabu: turning aside for anyone. Irish myth: Cross.

C833.3. C833.3. Tabu: turning back after beginning a journey. *Fb “gе” I 525a, “vende” IV 1035b; African: Werner African 172.

C833.4. C833.4. Tabu: driving horses over ashen yoke. Irish myth: Cross.

C833.5. C833.5. Tabu: going with dry feet over certain river. Irish myth: Cross.

C833.6. C833.6. Tabu: traveling beyond spot where feat of skill was performed before duplicating it. Irish myth: Cross.

C833.7. C833.7. Tabu: proceeding after mishap to chariot. Irish myth: Cross.

C833.8. C833.8. Tabu: going to certain place in speckled garment on speckled steed. Irish myth: Cross.

C833.9. C833.9. Men sent on mission prohibited from fishing and quarreling. Africa (Bushongo): Torday Notes 247.

C835. C835. Tabus concerning fighting.

C835.1. C835.1. Tabu: refusing combat to anyone. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.1.1. C835.1.1. Tabu: bearded man refusing combat. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.2. C835.2. Tabus concerning weapons. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.2.1. C835.2.1. Tabu: failing to make gift to magic lance. The lance kills offender. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.2.2. C835.2.2. Tabu: allowing spear-head to touch stone. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.2.3. C835.2.3. Tabu: putting spear-head between teeth. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.2.4. C835.2.4. Tabu: slaying woman with spear. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.2.5. C835.2.5. Tabu: reddening weapons without satiety. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.2.6. C835.2.6. Tabu: giving arms in pledge. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.3. C835.3. Tabu: going to (leaving) certain place without combat. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.4. C835.4. Tabu: fighting certain person. Irish myth: Cross.

C835.4.1. C835.4.1. Tabu: fighting with a hag. Irish myth: Cross.

C836. C836. Tabu: disobedience. All lodgers must obey host implicitly.--English Wells 60 (Syre Gowene and the Carle of Carlyle).

C837. C837. Tabu: loosing bridle in selling man transformed to horse. Disenchantment follows.--Type 325; BP II 60ff, *67 (Gr. No. 68).--India: *Thompson-Balys.

C841. C841. Tabu: killing certain animals. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

C841.0.1. C841.0.1. Clerics‘ voyage unsuccessful because they sailed in boats of skin. Irish myth: Cross.

C841.0.2. C841.0.2. Tabu: wounding animal; must be killed outright. Irish myth: Cross.

C841.0.3. C841.0.3. Tabu: killing animal which takes refuge with one. India: Thompson-Balys.

C841.1. C841.1. Tabu: killing stork. Bird was once maiden. (Cf. A1715, A1966.)--Dh III 286.--Fb “stork” III 592.

C841.2. C841.2. Tabu: hunting birds. Supernatural lover (king of birds) tells woman that son must not do so.--Irish myth: Cross.

C841.3. C841.3. Tabu: burning caterpillars. India: Thompson-Balys.

C841.4. C841.4. Tabu: hunting a pig. Irish myth: Cross.

C841.5. C841.5. Tabu: killing a swan. Irish myth: Cross.

C841.6. C841.6. Tabu: killing golden duck. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

C841.7. C841.7. Tabu: killing totem animal. Irish myth: Cross.

C841.8. C841.8. Tabu: killing deer. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C841.8.1. C841.8.1. Tabu: killing antelope. Africa (Fang): Tessman 190f.

C841.9. C841.9. Tabu: killing certain fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

C841.10. C841.10. Tabu: killing albatross.

C841.10.1. C841.10.1. Killing albatross causes misfortune to follow killer. England: Baughman.

C841.11. C841.11. Tabu: killing a cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

C842. C842. Tabu: exposure to sunlight. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 72 (to Gonzenbach No. 34); Grimm No. 88; Gaster Oldest Stories 169.--African (Basuto): Jacottet 184, 186 No. 27, (Kaffir): Theal 56, (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 276, (Pangwe): Tessman 367.

C842.1. C842.1. Tabu: working iron under direct rays of sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

C843. C843. Tabu: pointing. Fb “pege” II 800.

C843.1. C843.1. Tabu: pointing at rainbow. *Fb “regnbue” III 31b.

C844. C844. Tabu: playing flute. *Fb “flцjte” I 326.

C845. C845. Tabus concerning war. Irish myth: Cross.

C845.1. C845.1. Tabu: bringing head of slain enemy within village walls. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C846. C846. Tabu: removing landmarks. Alphabet Nos 46, 47.--Norwegian: *Solheim Register 17; Danish: Kristensen Da. Sagn V nos. 1409ff.

C847. C847. Tabu: giving away gifts received from animal.

C847.1. C847.1. Tabu: giving away gifts received from fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

C848. C848. Tabu: sleeping on bed made of totem-tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

C851. C851. Tabu: wastefulness.

C851.1. C851.1. Tabu: using food for unworthy purpose.

C851.1.1. C851.1.1. Tabu: wiping children with bread. *Smyser Harvard Studies and Notes in Phil. and Lit. XV (1933) 62 n. 5.

C851.1.2. C851.1.2. Tabu: using grain to clean child. German: Grimm No. 194.

C851.2. C851.2. Tabu: throwing “living fire” into river. India: Thompson-Balys.

C853. C853. Tabus concerning entry into assembly. Irish myth: Cross.

C853.1. C853.1. Tabu: holding meeting at certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C853.2. C853.2. Tabu: going to assembly of women at certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C854. C854. Tabu: doing thing in certain manner. (Cf. C643, D1791.) Irish myth: Cross, Kцhler-Bolte II 651ff.

C854.2. C854.2. Tabu: making withershins circuit. (Cf. D1791.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

C857. C857. Tabu: inciting horse at certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C858. C858. Tabu: swimming with certain birds. Irish myth: Cross.

C863. C863. Tabu: following three red men to certain place. Irish myth: Cross.

C865. C865. Tabu: running a race. Irish myth: Cross.

C865.1. C865.1. Tabu: racing pigeons. Jewish: Neuman.

C867. C867. Tabu: unusual cruelty.

C867.1. C867.1. Tabu: abusing women or children. Irish myth: Cross.

C867.1.0.1. C867.1.0.1. Tabu: bearded men abusing women and children. Irish myth: Cross.

C868. C868. Tabu: leaving land entirely unoccupied. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (t-G 3/711).

C871. C871. Tabu: refusing a request. Irish myth: Cross.

C871.0.1. C871.0.1. Tabu: bearded man refusing request. Irish myth: Cross.

C872. C872. Tabu: turning away from (refusing requests of) poets. Irish myth: Cross.

C874. C874. Tabu: breaking up revelry before its end. Irish myth: Cross.

C875. C875. Tabu: carrying child on one‘s back into house. Irish myth: Cross.

C876. C876. Tabu: leaping a camping place. Irish myth: Cross.

C878. C878. Tabu concerning clothing. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

C878.1. C878.1. Tabu: wearing satin. Irish myth: Cross.

C878.2. C878.2. Tabu: wearing silk. Irish myth: Cross.

C878.2.1. C878.2.1. Tabu: going to battle without being clothed in silk. Irish myth: Cross.

C881. C881. Tabu: grumbling.

C881.1. C881.1. Tabu: grumbling at narrowness of certain boat. Irish myth: Cross.

C882. C882. Tabu: watching game without aiding loser. Irish myth: Cross.

C883. C883. Tabu: crossing graveyard without alighting. Irish myth: Cross.

C884. C884. Tabu: concerning riding horses.

C884.1. C884.1. Tabu: halting or unloading horse. Irish myth: Cross.

C884.2. C884.2. Tabu: allowing horse to lose his bridle, stray or stale. Irish myth: Cross.

C885. C885. Tabu: hearing or listening.

C885.1. C885.1. Tabu: listening to fluttering of birds after sunset. Irish myth: Cross.

C885.2. C885.2. Tabu: listening to groans of women being violated. Irish myth: Cross.

C885.3. C885.3. Tabu: listening to certain lute. Irish myth: Cross.

C886. C886. Tabu: plowing with ass and ox together. Jewish: Neuman.

C887. C887. Tabu: being in same house with fire, weapon, dog. Irish myth: Cross.

C888. C888. Tabu: using leaven for cooking. Jewish: *Neuman.

C891. C891. Tabu: uncleanliness. Irish myth: Cross.

C891.1. C891.1. Tabu: riding dirty on black-heeled horse across certain plain. Irish myth: Cross.

C891.2. C891.2. Tabu: bearded man going dirty to bed. Irish myth: Cross.

C891.3. C891.3. Tabu: urinating on fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

C892. C892. Tabu: stranger to play with someone without asking permission. Irish myth: Cross.

C893. C893. Tabu: making use of blood. Jewish: *Neuman.

C895. C895. Tabu: using stone fish-hooks. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 363.

C897. C897. Tabus concerning counting. *Fb “tжlle” IV 923b.

C897.1. C897.1. Tabu: counting the stars. England: Baughman; Fb “stjжrne” III 577b.

C897.2. C897.2. Tabu: taking census. Jewish: *Neuman.

C897.3. C897.3. Tabu: calculating time of Messiah’s advent. Jewish: Neuman.

C898. C898. Tabus concerned with mourning. Jewish: *Neuman.

C899. C899. Additional unclassified tabus.

C899.1. C899.1. Tabu: hiding iron. India: Thompson-Balys.

C900--C999.

C900--C999. Punishment for breaking tabu.

C900. C900. Punishment for breaking tabu. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C901. C901. Tabu imposed. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.1. C901.1. Tabu imposed by certain person. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.1.1. C901.1.1. Tabu imposed on son by father before death. India: Thompson-Balys.

C901.1.2. C901.1.2. Tabu imposed by druid. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.1.3. C901.1.3. Tabu imposed by lover. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.1.3.1. C901.1.3.1. Tabu imposed by forthputting woman. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.1.4. C901.1.4. Tabu imposed by host. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.1.5. C901.1.5. Tabu imposed by fairy. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.1.6. C901.1.6. Tabu imposed by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.2. C901.2. Tabu imposed at birth. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.3. C901.3. Tabu imposed by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

C901.4. C901.4. Punishment for breaking tabu: assigner of punishment suffers his own penalty.

C901.4.1. C901.4.1. King breaks his own tabu and meets with the punishment he has set for violation of it. (His nose is cut off). India: Thompson-Balys.

C905. C905. Supernatural being punishes breach of tabu.

C905.1. C905.1. Dwarf punishes for breach of tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 322.

C905.2. C905.2. Moon punishes for breach of tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 90--95.

C910. C910. Permanent sign of disobedience for breaking tabu. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11.

C911. C911. Golden finger as sign of opening forbidden chamber. (Cf. C611.)--*Type 710; BP I 21 (Grimm Nos 3, 136).--Missouri French: Carriиre.

C912. C912. Hair turns to gold as punishment in forbidden chamber. (Cf. C611.)--*Types 314, 480; Fb “hеr” I 771b; German: Grimm No. 136; Roberts Type 480 p. 174.

C913. C913. Bloody key as sign of disobedience. (Cf. C611, C813.)--*Types 311, 312: BP I 404ff.

C913.1. C913.1. Bloody egg as sign of disobedience. German: Grimm No. 46.

C915. C915. Contents of forbidden receptacle are released.

C915.1. C915.1. Troubles escape when forbidden casket is opened. See references to C321 (Tabu: looking into box).

C915.1.1. C915.1.1. Music-box continues playing when it is touched contrary to tabu.--Kцhler‘s notes to Gonzenbach Sicilianische Mдrchen No. 15.

C915.2. C915.2. Animals escape when forbidden baskets opened. Origin of animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

C915.2.1. C915.2.1. Animals escape when forbidden calabash is opened. African (Yoruba): Frobenius Atlantis X 232f. No. 16.

C916. C916. Continuous action started by breaking tabu.

C916.1. C916.1. Trespass betrayed by dripping candle. (Cf. C31.1, C32.1.)--*Type 425; *Tegethoff 39; *BP III 114.

C916.2. C916.2. Animals produced when forbidden drum is beaten. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 90, No. 16.

C916.3. C916.3. Magic porridge-pot keeps cooking. Against command, mother of owner bids pot to cook. It fills house with porridge and will not stop until ordered by mistress.--*Type 565; BP II 438ff.; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 67, 80; *Christensen Molboerne 177.

C916.4. C916.4. Spinning wheel continues spinning because woman has worked at forbidden time. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 No. 166.

C917. C917. Object magically appears when tabu is broken.

C917.1. C917.1. Tabued pot broken: town appears. Africa (Vai): Ellis 187, No. 3.

C918. C918. Mare from water world disappears when she is scolded and her halter used for common purposes. Irish myth: Cross.

C918.1. C918.1. Marvelous cow offended disappears. Irish myth: Cross.

C920. C920. Death for breaking tabu. Type 311; BP I 398ff (Grimm No. 46).---- Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 68, 118, 134, 138, 371, 508; Marquesas: Handy 60, 67, 138; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (t-G 3/912, z-G 13/127, 317, z-G 3/1174); Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 341, Rasmussen II 341, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 51, 58, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 101; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 47; African (Angola): Chatelain 219 No. 39, (Ekoi): Talbot 178, (Kaffir): Kidd 237 No. 6, (Wakweli): Bender 43.

C920.1. C920.1. Death of children for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

C920.2. C920.2. Death of wife for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: *Neuman.

C921. C921. Immediate death for breaking tabu. (Cf. C52, C51.3, C453, C533.)--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 46 (Semele), 199 (Anchises).--Jewish; *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 294; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 375; African (Ekoi): Talbot, 18, 99, (A’Kikuyu): Barrett 41, (Yoruba): Parkinson 104, (Pangwe): Tessman 370f., (Fang): Tessman.

C922. C922. Death by smothering for breaking tabu. Man given secret box conveying the power of making women love him. He disobeys warning and opens it. The women smother him to death. (Cf. C321.)--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 376 n. 19a.

C922.1. C922.1. Death by choking for breaking tabu. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 146.

C923. C923. Death by drowning for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 135 (Ajax the less), Grote I 284; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 118; Samoa: ibid. 25, 512; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (t-G 2/44, z-G 13/441); Marquesas: Handy 134; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, III 124.

C924. C924. Death by thirst for breaking tabu. (Cf. C949.4.)--African (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 67.

C925. C925. Death from rattlesnake bite because of breaking tabu. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 100.

C926. C926. Man (woman) vanishes on breaking of tabu. Calif Indian: Gayton and Newman 100; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 147.

C927. C927. Burning as punishment for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 264; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 48; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 441, Rasmussen III 51, Holm 72.

C927.1. C927.1. Person turned to dust. India: Thompson-Balys.

C927.2. C927.2. Falling to ashes as punishment for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

C927.3. C927.3. Burning and drowning as punishment for breaking tabu.

C928. C928. Death from insanity as punishment for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross.

C929. C929. Death for breaking tabu--miscellaneous.

C929.1. C929.1. “Shame and disgrace” threatened for refusing love of forthputting woman. Irish myth: Cross.

C929.2. C929.2. Death from specific disease for breaking tabu.

C929.2.1. C929.2.1. Death from paralysis for breaking tabu. African (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. KS. IV 219.

C929.3. C929.3. Beheading for breaking tabu. Cyprus: Hadjioannou Kypriako, Mythoi (Leukosia, 1948) No. 22; Jewish: Neuman.

C929.4. C929.4. Death by stoning for breaking tabu. Jewish: *Neuman.

C929.5. C929.5. Death by being swallowed for breaking tabu. Rarotonga: Beckwith Myth 262.

C929.6. C929.6. Man sacrificed to the gods for breaking tabu. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 511.

C930. C930. Loss of fortune for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 322, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 234; African (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

C930.1. C930.1. Dishonor to children because of breaking tabu. Jewish: *Neuman.

C931. C931. Building falls because of breaking of tabu. (Cf. C771.1.)--Hartland Science 221; Gaster Exempla 229 No. 239; Jewish: *Neuman; English: Wells 42 (Arthour and Merlin); Swedish: Wessman 71 No. 605; India: Thompson-Balys.--Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 245, (West Hudson Bay); Boas BAM XV 234.

C932. C932. Loss of wife (husband) for breaking tabu. Aarne-Thompson Types 400, 425; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Beckwith Myth: 249; African (Loango): Bechuлl-Loesche 109.

C933. C933. Luck in hunting (fishing) lost for breaking tabu.

C933.1. C933.1. Luck in hunting lost for breaking tabu. (Cf. C229.2.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 409; Marquesas: Handy 64.

C933.2. C933.2. Luck in fishing lost for breaking tabu. Tonga: Gifford 601; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 363; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (t-G 3/600).

C934. C934. Food supply fails because of broken tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 200; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 111; Samoa: ibid. 450.

C934.1. C934.1. Loss of crops because of broken tabu. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

C934.2. C934.2. Land made sterile because of broken tabu. Jewish: Neuman.

C934.3. C934.3. Elves set country afire because of broken tabu. Irish myth: Cross.

C935. C935. Helpful animal disappears when tabu is broken. *Fb “spise” III 495e; Hartland Science 142; Irish: Beal XXI 329, 337; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 245.

C936. C936. War lost because of breaking tabu. Greek: *Grote II 130.

C937. C937. God’s favor lost for breaking tabu. (Cf. C621.)--Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tahiti: Henry 85; New Hebrides: Codrington 387; African (Ekoi): Talbot 129.

C937.1. C937.1. Immortality lost because of breach of tabu. African (Congo): Weeks 217.

C938. C938. Rulers of inferior character after tabu is broken. Irish myth: Cross.

C939. C939. Loss of fortune for breaking tabu--miscellaneous.

C939.1. C939.1. Punishment for breaking tabu: water withdrawn from lake. India: *Thompson-Balys.

C939.2. C939.2. Punishment for broken tabu: good money turns to counterfeit. India: Thompson-Balys.

C939.3. C939.3. Felled trees (cut weeds) return to their places because of broken tabu. Maori: Clark 95; Tonga: Gifford 22.

C939.4. C939.4. Golden Age ends as result of broken tabu. (Cf. A1101.1.) S. Am. Indian (Lengua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

C940. C940. Sickness or weakness for breaking tabu. Fb “sygdom” III 699a.--Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 375; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 173.

C940.1. C940.1. Princess‘s secret sickness from breaking tabu. (Cf. C55.)--*Type 613; BP I 322 n. 1 (Grimm No. 33).

C940.2. C940.2. Daughters’ sickness because of father‘s breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C941. C941. Particular disease caused by breaking tabu.

C941.1. C941.1. Leprosy from breaking tabu. Gaster Exempla 187 No. 10.--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

C941.2. C941.2. Swelling of limbs from breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C941.3. C941.3. Sores on body from breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C941.3.1. C941.3.1. Sore mouth as punishment for breaking tabu. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 133; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 233.

C941.4. C941.4. Plague for breaking tabu. See references for Q552.10.

C941.5. C941.5. Paralysis as punishment for broken tabu. African (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. KS. IV 220.

C942. C942. Loss of strength from broken tabu. Irish myth: Cross; Danish: Fb “klжder” II 200a.

C942.1. C942.1. Loss of magic strength by smoking. India: Thompson-Balys.

C942.2. C942.2. Magic horse becomes powerless because of broken tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C942.3. C942.3. Weakness from seeing woman (fairy) naked. Irish myth: Cross.

C942.4. C942.4. Woman’s breasts dry up because of broken tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C943. C943. Loss of sight for breaking tabu. (Cf. C51.2.)--See C312.1.1, C312.1.2. for references.--*Fb “цje” III 1166b; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Tahiti: Henry 143; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 241.

C943.1. C943.1. Man receives fork in eye for breaking tabu. (Cf. C331.)--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 13.

C943.2. C943.2. Loss of one eye for breaking tabu. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 39.

C943.3. C943.3. Sore eyes from breaking tabu. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 241.

C944. C944. Dumbness as punishment for breaking tabu. (Cf. C311.1.4.)--Type 710; Fb “stum”; Jewish: Neuman.

C945. C945. Magic forgetfulness for breaking tabu. *Fb “spise” III 495a; German: Grimm Nos. 113, 127, 186, 193; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

C946. C946. Limbs affected by breaking tabu.

C946.1. C946.1. Limb broken for stepping on grave. (Cf. C520.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

C946.2. C946.2. Arm shortened for breaking tabu. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 488.

C946.3. C946.3. Magic growth of members for breaking tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 83.

C947. C947. Magic power lost by breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

C948. C948. Mutilation as punishment for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C948.1. C948.1. Mouth expanded because of broken tabu. Irish myth: Cross.

C948.2. C948.2. Nose to be cut off as punishment for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C948.3. C948.3. Tongue of woman who breaks tabu protrudes and entwines itself around a post in the home. India: Thompson-Balys.

C948.4. C948.4. Man‘s liver snatched away because of broken tabu. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 118; African (Pangwe): Tessman 370, (Fang): Tessman 161.

C948.5. C948.5. Man’s lungs cut out because of broken tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 89.

C948.6. C948.6. Hand cut off for broken tabu. Jewish: Neuman.

C948.7. C948.7. Face chilled because of broken tabu. Jewish: Neuman.

C948.8. C948.8. Head shattered for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C949. C949. Sickness or weakness for breaking tabu--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

C949.1. C949.1. Insanity for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Icel.: Boberg.

C949.2. C949.2. Baldness from breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; Tahiti: Henry 143.

C949.3. C949.3. Sterility from breaking tabu. Jewish: Neuman.

C949.4. C949.4. Bleeding from breaking tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 164.

C949.5. C949.5. Continued thirst from breaking tabu. (Cf. C924.)--Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 636.

C950. C950. Person carried to other world for breaking tabu.

C952. C952. Immediate return to other world because of broken tabu. (Cf. C31, C31.4, C327.)--Type 710 (Gr. No. 3); Greek: Fox 229 (Persephone), 122 (Thetis); India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Congo): Weeks 206 No. 3; (Fjort): Dennett 41 No 5.

C953. C953. Person must remain in other world because of broken tabu. Greek myth: Grote 137; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 13; Jewish: Neuman; Marquesas: Handy 120, 122; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 371.

C954. C954. Person carried off to other world for breaking tabu. Type 470; Fb “sol” III 458a; India: Thompson-Balys.

C955. C955. Banishment from heaven for breaking tabu. German: Grimm No. 3; Jewish: Neuman.

C960. C960. Transformation for breaking tabu. India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

C961. C961. Transformation to object for breaking tabu.

C961.1. C961.1. Transformation to pillar of salt for breaking tabu. (Cf. C331.)---- *Fb “se” III 173b, “sten” III 553b; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Hebrew: Genesis 19: 26; Jewish: Neuman.

C961.2. C961.2. Transformation to stone for breaking tabu. (Cf. C331, C452.)--*Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 119, 132ff.; *Chauvin VII 98 No. 375; *Fb “se” III 173b, “sten” III 553b.--*Loomis White Magic 80; Greek: Fox 175 (Niobe); India: *Thompson-Balys; Maori: Beckwith Myth 349; S. Am. Indian (Aymara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (1) 570.

C961.3. C961.3. Transformation to wood for breaking tabu. German: Grimm No. 43; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 100.

C961.3.1. C961.3.1. Transformation to wooden image for breaking tabu. Marquesas: Handy 113.

C961.3.2. C961.3.2. Transformation to tree for breaking tabu. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 84.

C961.4. C961.4. Transformation to mountain ridge for breaking tabu. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 189.

C961.5. C961.5. Transformation to anthill for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C962. C962. Transformation to animal for breaking tabu. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 334 n. 1; Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 35, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 172; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 105, No. 29.

C962.1. C962.1. Transformation to mouse for breaking tabu. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 154.

C962.2. C962.2. Transformation to bird for breaking tabu. Greek: Grote I 128.

C963. C963. Person returns to original form when tabu is broken. A person originally transformed from an animal or an object returns to that form when the origin is mentioned. (Cf. C31.2, C33.1, C35.1, C440, C441.)

C963.1. C963.1. Person returns to original animal form when tabu is broken. Africa (Congo): Weeks 215 No. 11 (fish), (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 403 No. 3 (fish).

C963.2. C963.2. Person returns to original egg form when tabu is broken. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 108 No. 16.

C963.3. C963.3. Person returns to original vegetable form when tabu is broken. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 78 No. 12, (Ekoi): Talbot 133, 134, 135, (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 80, (Fjort): Dennett 44 No. 6.

C963.4. C963.4. Giants return to life if tabu is broken. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

C966. C966. Change of language for breaking tabu. Frazer Golden Bough XII 341 s.v. “Language”.--Jewish: Neuman.

C967. C967. Valuable object turns to worthless, for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C968. C968. Disenchantment for breaking tabu. German: Grimm No. 57.

C980. C980. Miscellaneous punishments for breaking tabu.

C982. C982. Person beaten by whips for breaking tabu. Roberts Type 480, p. 216; Jewish: Neuman; African (Benga): Nassau 113 No. 11.

C983. C983. Person must remain on mountain because of broken tabu. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

C984. C984. Disaster because of broken tabu.

C984.1. C984.1. Great wind because of broken tabu. (Cf. C58.)--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 Nos. 37, 38.

C984.2. C984.2. Storm because of broken tabu. Jewish: Neuman.

C984.3. C984.3. Flood because of broken tabu. Chatham Island: Beckwith Myth 19, notes 10--12; Marquesas: Handy 114; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 29.

C984.4. C984.4. Tidal wave for breaking tabu. Lau Islands: Beckwith Myth 19.

C984.4.1. C984.4.1. Sea rolls in over the land from all sides and a sea serpent comes because of broken tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C984.5. C984.5. Disastrous lightning for breaking tabu. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 188 No. 129.

C984.6. C984.6. General conflagration for breaking tabu. S. Am. Indian (Witoto): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 36.

C984.7. C984.7. Village sinks in earth for violation of tabu. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 30.

C984.8. C984.8. Island split apart for broken tabu. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 468.

C985. C985. Physical changes in person because of broken tabu.

C985.1. C985.1. Skin changes color because of broken tabu. (Cf. C94.3.)--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 67.

C985.2. C985.2. Teeth blackened as punishment for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross.

C985.3. C985.3. Foul breath from breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross.

C986. C986. Abduction by animal for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

C986.1. C986.1. Pursuit by animal for breaking tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 182.

C987. C987. Curse as punishment for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

C991. C991. Quest imposed for breaking tabu. Irish myth: Cross.

C992. C992. Snake bite for broken tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

C993. C993. Unborn child affected by mother‘s broken tabu. Rarotonga: Beckwith Myth 262; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 160.

C994. C994. Punishment by adhesion for breaking tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 465.

C995. C995. Sleeplessness from breaking tabu. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 170.

C996. C996. Person falls because of broken tabu. Marquesas: Handy 36; Tonga: Gifford 53; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 127.

C998. C998. Trees wither because of broken tabu. Jewish: Neuman.

Motif: Introduction - Purpose Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 9

1 Verzeichnis der Mдrchentypen, FFCommunications No. 3, Helsinki, 1910. A revision by the present author appeared as The Types of the Folk-Tale, FFCommunications No. 74, Helsinki, 1928.

Motif: Introduction - Purpose Vol. 1 Fn. 2 p. 9

2 For a summary of the results of these classifications see R. S. Boggs, A Comparative Survey of the Folk-tales of Ten Peoples, FFCommunications No. 93, Helsinki, 1930. In addition to the surveys discussed by Boggs may be mentioned: Andrejev, Ukazatel’ Skazochnik sjuzhetov po Sisteme Aarne, and Plenzat, Die ostund westpreussischen Mдrchen und Schwдnke. For more recent surveys see Thompson, The Folktale, pp 420 f.

Motif: Introduction - Purpose Vol. 1 Fn. 3 p. 9

3 Every scholar who has constructed a new catalogue of tales has, of course, been obliged to add types of tales not already to be found in the classification, but it has thus far proved practicable as far as European peoples are concerned, to use the Aarne list for the folktale and jest. How far an expansion of the type-index may permit a cataloguing of such partly literary forms as the exemplum and the fabliau, only experiment can tell. As long as the entire tale-complex remains intact in transmission, such an index as The Types of the Folk-Tale is useful; when such a condition does not exist, a more analytical list seems necessary.

Motif: Introduction - Purpose Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 10

1 Division of motifs on philosophical grounds has been made by several scholars. In his Mдrchen des Mittelalters (p. xvii) Albert Wesselski divides the motifs of folktales, novelle, and myths into Mythenmotive, Gemeinschaftsmotive, and Kulturmotive. By means of this distinction he discusses the difference between the narrative forms. A very elaborate analysis of the concept of motif is found in Arthur Christensen‘s study, Motif et Theme (FFCommunications No. 59). Divisions are made into “йlйments de relation,” “motifs,” “accessoires йpiques,” “thиme,” “motifs sans thиme,” “motifs а thиmes faibles,” and the like. The study throws light on the psychological nature of various motifs.

Motif: Introduction - Plan Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 22

1 In case a division is extensive, it may occupy several “tens”. When this is true, the numbers ending in “0” and “9” except at beginning and end, are skipped: “0” always refers to the general idea, “9” to miscellaneous or additional examples.

Motif: Introduction - Plan Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 23

1 The system is not really decimal, for the subdivisions may go beyond ten. E.g., A2494.5.34, E501.17.5.3. The latter number refers to the third tertiary division of the fifth secondary division of the seventeenth primary division of E501. -- A difficult problem in classification has been solved by the use of a “zero” subdivision. In E613, for example, the main idea is “reincarnation as bird.” E613.1, E613.2, etc., detail the kind of bird (E613.1. Reincarnation as duck, etc.) Now there are other subdivisions of E613 that refer only to the general idea of bird (not of particular birds). Thus: E613. Reincarnation as bird. -- E613.0.1. Reincarnation of murdered child as bird. -- E613.0.2. Reincarnation of unbaptized child as bird. -- E613.1. Reincarnation as duck. -- etc.

Motif: Introduction - Plan Vol. 1 Fn. 2 p. 23

2 The appearance of only one or a few references to a motif must not be interpreted to mean that there are not other occurrences.

Motif: Introduction - Suggestions Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 24

1 If more items must be put in a “ten” than enough to fill the vacant spaces, the additions can be made to the last number in the “ten”, e.g. 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, etc.

Motif: Introduction - Suggestions Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 25

1 It is suggested that where references are hereafter made to the present work and to The Types of the Folk-Tale, the term motif should be used for this Motif-index and type for The Types of the Folk-Tale. Thus: Motif S31 appears in Type 510.

A2091. Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 262

1 In folk thought the spider is classed as an insect and not with the other arachnida.

A2135. Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 263

1 In folk thought, a fish.

B489.1. Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 440

1 In folk thought, an insect.

B490. Vol. 1 Fn. 2 p. 440

2 B490--B499 has been reorganized as follows:

Old Number New Number

B491............B491.1

B492............B491.2

B493............B493.1

B494............B493.2

B496............B491.4.1

B498............B498.1

C830 Vol. 1 Fn. 1 p. 539

1 The section C830 -- C899 has been revised. The following changes have been made:

First edition

Old number New number

C831 C563

C833 C833.1

C834 C833.2

C835 C835.1

C845 C833.3

Cross, Motif-Index of Early Irish Literature

Old number New number

C853 C853.1

C855 C835.2

C856 C845

C861 C833.4

C862 C833.5

C866 C835.3

C867 C867.1

C867.0.1 C867.1.1

C877 C867.2

C888 C833.6

C893 C833.7

Volume 2: D-E

Motif: Title-Page Vol. 2

MOTIF-INDEX

OF

FOLK-LITERATURE

A Classification of Narrative Elements in

Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances,

Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and

Local Legends

REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION BY

STITH THOMPSON

Indiana University

VOLUME TWO

D-E

INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS

BLOOMINGTON & INDIANAPOLIS

Motif: Copyright page Vol. 2

Indiana University Press gratefully acknowledges

the support of the L.J. and Mary C. Skaggs Foundation

in the republication of the six volumes of the

Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording, or by any

information storage and retrieval system, without

permission in writing from the publisher.

Manufactured in the United States of America

ISBN 0-253-33882-4

5 89

complete set ISBN 0-253-33887-5

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Transformation

D. MAGIC

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

D0-D699 TRANSFORMATION

D10--D99. Transformation of man to different man

D10. Transformation to person of different sex

D20. Transformation to person of different social class

D30. Transformation to person of different race

D40. Transformation to likeness of another person

D50. Magic changes in man himself

D90. Transformation: man to different man--miscellaneous

D100--D199. Transformation: man to animal

D110--D149. Transformation: man to mammal

D110. Transformation: man to wild beast (mammal)

D130. Transformation: man to domestic beast (mammal)

D150. Transformation: man to bird

D170. Transformation: man to fish

D180. Transformation: man to insect

D190. Transformation: man to reptiles and miscellaneous animals

D200--D299. Transformation: man to object

D210. Transformation: man to vegetable form

D230. Transformation: man to mineral form

D250. Transformation: man to manufactured object

D270. Transformation: man to object--miscellaneous

D300--D399. Transformation: animal to person

D310--D349. Transformation: mammal to person

D310. Transformation: wild beast (mammal) to person

D330. Transformation: domestic beast (mammal) to person

D350. Transformation: bird to person

D370. Transformation: fish to man

D380. Transformation: insect to person

D390. Transformation: reptiles and miscellaneous animals to persons.

D400--D499. Other forms of transformation

D410. Transformation: one animal to another

D420. Transformation: animal to object

D430. Transformation: object to person

D440. Transformation: object to animal

D450--D499. Transformation: object to object

D450. Transformation: object to another object

D470. Transformation: material of object changed

D480. Size of object transformed

D500--D599. Means of transformation

D510. Transformation by breaking tabu

D520. Transformation through power of the word

D530. Transformation by putting on skin, clothing, etc.

D550. Transformation by eating or drinking

D560. Transformation by various means

D600--D699. Miscellaneous transformation incidents

D610. Repeated transformation

D620. Periodic transformation

D630. Transformation and disenchantment at will

D640. Reasons for voluntary transformation

D660. Motive for transformation of others

D670. Magic flight.

D680. Miscellaneous circumstances of transformation

D700--D799. Disenchantment

D710. Disenchantment by rough treatment

D720. Disenchantment by removing (destroying) covering of enchanted person

D730. Disenchantment by submission

D750. Disenchantment by faithfulness of others

D760. Disenchantment by miscellaneous means

D790. Attendant circumstances of disenchantment

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Magic Objects

D800--D1699. MAGIC OBJECTS

D800--D899. Ownership of magic objects

D800. Magic object

D810--D859. Acquisition of magic object

D810. Magic object a gift

D830. Magic object acquired by trickery

D840. Magic object found

D850. Magic object otherwise obtained

D860. Loss of magic object

D880. Recovery of magic object

D900--D1299. Kinds of magic objects

D900. Magic weather phenomena

D910. Magic body of water

D930. Magic land features

D940. Magic forests

D950. Magic tree

D960. Magic gardens and plants

D980. Magic fruits and vegetables

D990--D1029. Magic bodily members

D990. Magic bodily members--human

D1010. Magic bodily members--animal

D1030. Magic food

D1040. Magic drink

D1050. Magic clothes

D1070. Magic ornaments

D1080. Magic weapons

D1110. Magic conveyances

D1130. Magic buildings and parts

D1150. Magic furniture

D1170. Magic utensils and implements

D1210. Magic musical instruments

D1240. Magic waters and medicines

D1250. Miscellaneous magic objects

D1300--D1599. Function of magic objects

D1300--D1379. Magic objects effect changes in persons

D1300. Magic object gives supernatural wisdom

D1310. Magic object gives supernatural information

D1330. Magic objects works physical change

D1350. Magic object changes person’s disposition

D1360. Magic object effects temporary change in person

D1380. Magic object protects D1390. Magic object rescues person

D1400--D1439. Magic object gives power over other persons

D1400. Magic object overcomes person

D1410. Magic object renders person helpless

D1420. Magic object draws person (thing) to it

D1430. Magic object pursues or captures

D1440. Magic object gives power over animals

D1450. Magic object furnishes treasure

D1470. Magic object as provider

D1500. Magic object controls disease

D1520. Magic object affords miraculous transportation

D1540. Magic object controls the elements

D1550. Magic object miraculously opens and closes

D1560. Magic object performs other services for owner

D1600--D1699. Characteristics of magic objects

D1600--D1649. Automatic magic objects

D1600. Automatic object

D1610. Magic speaking objects

D1620. Magic automata

D1640. Other automatic objects

D1650. Other characteristics of magic objects

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Magic Powers

D1700--D2199. MAGIC POWERS AND MANIFESTATIONS

D1710--D1799. Possession and means of employment of magic powers

D1710. Possession of magic powers

D1720. Acquisition of magic powers

D1740. Loss of magic powers

D1750. Other characteristics of magic power

D1760. Means of producing magic power

D1800--D2199. Manifestations of magic power

D1800--D1949. Lasting magic qualities

D1810. Magic knowledge

D1820. Magic sight and hearing

D1830. Magic strength

D1840. Magic invulnerability

D1850. Immortality

D1860. Magic beautification

D1870. Magic hideousness

D1880. Magic rejuvenation

D1890. Magic aging

D1900. Love induced by magic

D1910. Magic memory

D1920. Other permanent magic characteristics

D1950--D2049. Temporary magic characteristics

D1960. Magic sleep

D1980. Magic invisibility

D2000. Magic forgetfulness

D2020. Magic dumbness

D2030. Other temporary magic characteristics

D2050--D2099. Destructive magic powers

D2060. Death or bodily injury by magic

D2070. Bewitching

D2080. Magic used against property

D2090. Other destructive magic powers

D2100--D2149. Other manifestations of magic power

D2100. Magic wealth

D2120. Magic transportation

D2140. Magic control of the elements

D2150--D2199. Miscellaneous magical manifestations

D.

D. MAGIC

D0--D699.

D0--D699. TRANSFORMATION

D0. D0. Transformation (general). *MacCulloch Childhood 149ff.; *Wimberley 275ff.; Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mйtamorphose”; Burton Arabian Nights VIII 270, S IV 329.--*Tibbals “Elements of Magic in the Romance of William of Palerne” MPh I (1903) 355ff.; *Easter: a Study of Magic Elements in the Romans d‘Aventure (Dissertation, Baltimore 1906); *Hegar Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXVIII 110ff.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 251 n. 4 (Neleus); Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D5. D5. Enchanted person. See also the entire section on transformation. No real difference seems to exist between transformation and enchantment. A bewitched or enchanted person may, however, retain his original physical form, but may be affected mentally or morally.--*Type 400; Gr. Nos. 93, 163; BP II 335ff.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 105 n. 1 (Minos); India: Thompson-Balys; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D5.1. D5.1. Enchanted person cannot move. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 8.

D5.1.1. D5.1.1. Stepson cursed to stick in grave mound till pretty girl wants to substitute for him. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D5.2. D5.2. Enchanted person on bier. Italian: Basile Pentamerone, Introduction.

D6. D6. Enchanted castle (building). Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D7. D7. Enchanted valley. Irish myth: Cross.

D10--D99.

D10--D99. Transformation: man to different man.

D10. D10. Transformation to person of different sex. *H. Gaidoz “Du changement de sexe dans les contes celtiques” Revue de l‘histoire des religions LVII 317ff.; *Chauvin VIII 43 No. 11; *Penzer VII 42ff., 223ff.; *Fb “menneske” II 577b, “kvinde” II 339b; *Brown JAOS XLVII 3; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 752; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D10.1. D10.1. Ogre has unique powers of exchange of sex with human being. India: Thompson-Balys.

D10.2. D10.2. Change of sex after crossing water. McKay Beal III 139.

D11. D11. Transformation woman to man. *Types 406, 514; BP II 79ff., 87, III 84; Gr. Nos 71, 134; *Loomis White Magic 80; Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 165, No. 108; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 248, (Cape York) Rasmussen III 152; (Koryak) Jochelson JE VI 195, 323; Africa (Dahomй): Einstein 28.

D11.1. D11.1. Transformation: ogress to man. India: Thompson-Balys.

D11.2. D11.2. Woman transforms herself into a bird and lends her female organ to a boy. He fails to return it and she becomes a man when she resumes human form. India: Thompson-Balys.

D12. D12. Transformation: man to woman. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 364 n. 1 (Tiresias); French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Keith 147, 151.--Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 249, (West Hudson Bay) Boas BAM XV 325; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 247, (Dahomй) Einstein 27.

D12.1. D12.1. Transformation: god to giantess. MacCulloch Eddic 131 (Loki to Thцkk).

D20. D20. Transformation to person of different social class. Irish myth: *Cross.

D22. D22. Transformation: common man to exalted personage.

D22.1. D22.1. Transformation: common man to grand officer. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17.

D22.2. D22.2. Transformation: man of low caste takes on prince‘s appearance, and transforms prince to take on his. India: Thompson-Balys.

D23. D23. Transformation to artisan.

D23.1. D23.1. Transformation into a boatman. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “batelier”.

D24. D24. Transformation to humble person.

D24.1. D24.1. Transformation: king to menial. Icelandic: Boberg.

D24.2. D24.2. Transformation: king and queen to peasant and wife. Icelandic: Boberg.

D24.3. D24.3. Transformation into a swineherd. Irish myth: Cross (D23).

D24.4. D24.4. Transformation: rich man to tramp. Smears hands and face. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D25. D25. Transformation layman to professional man.

D25.1. D25.1. Transformation to doctor. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D25.2. D25.2. Transformation into a cleric (monk). Irish myth: Cross.

D27. D27. Transformation into leper. Irish myth: Cross.

D28. D28. Transformation into giant. Irish myth: Cross (D29.1.)

D29. D29. Transformation to a person of different social class--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

D29.1. D29.1. Transformation into a churl (bachlach). Irish myth: *Cross.

D29.2. D29.2. Transformation into juggler. Irish myth: Cross (D26).

D30. D30. Transformation to person of different race.

D31. D31. Transformation: white person to negro. (Cf. D57)--Chauvin II 183 No. 23; *Fb “jomfru”, “hvid” I 700b, “sort” III 467b, “pige” II 816b.--Spanish Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 425; Jewish: *Neuman.

D40. D40. Transformation to likeness of another person. *Type 363; BP III 534 n. 1.--Wells 30 (Uther Pendragon); Icelandic: Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Grote I 80; Eskimo (Greenland) Rasmussen II 211, (Cape York) Rasmussen III 54; Africa (Fang): Tessman 141f.

D40.1. D40.1. Transformation to likeness of person whose shield one carries. (Cf. D1101.1). Norse: FSS 37, 38.

D40.2. D40.2. Transformation to likeness of another woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

D40.2.1. D40.2.1. Transformation to resemble man’s mistress so as to be able to kill him. India: Thompson-Balys.

D41. D41. Humble man in guise of exalted.

D41.1. D41.1. Transformation to likeness of ruler. Man so uses the last of three wishes granted to him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D42. D42. God in guise of mortal. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 56, *Cross; Greek: Iliad and Odyssey passim; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 109.

D42.1. D42.1. God transformed to giant with three heads and six arms. Chinese: Werner 236.

D42.2. D42.2. Spirit takes shape of man. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 167, 169.

D43. D43. Transformation: mortal to guise of deity. Greek myth: Grote I 117; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 166f; India: Thompson-Balys.

D43.1. D43.1. Animal transformed to a god.

D43.1.1. D43.1.1. Dog turned into a god. India: Thompson-Balys.

D44. D44. Mortal in guise of spirit. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 142, (Buin) Wheeler 51. See also D47.

D44.1. D44.1. Transformation: man to angel. Jewish: Neuman.

D45. D45. Persons exchange forms. Icelandic: Boberg.

D45.1. D45.1. Kings exchange forms and kingdoms for a year. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 93; Irish myth: Cross.

D45.2. D45.2. Gods exchange forms. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 56, Cross.

D45.3. D45.3. Two friends exchange forms. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D45.4. D45.4. Girl exchanges form with sorceress in order to visit her brother and get a son by him. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 7.

D47. D47. Transformation to likeness of monster. Irish myth: Cross (D94, D95); Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D47.1. D47.1. Mortal temporarily takes shape of demon. India: Thompson-Balys.

D47.2. D47.2. Transformation: normal men to ogres. Become ravenous. India: Thompson-Balys.

D47.3. D47.3. Transformation: princess to ogress. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D49. D49. Transformation to likeness of another person--miscellaneous.

D49.1. D49.1. Dwarf assumes human form. German: Grimm No. 64.

D49.2. D49.2. Spirit takes any form. India: Thompson-Balys.

D49.3. D49.3. Fairy transforms herself into a monstrous being with head of an ape, thin legs, sharp claws, fish scales and bristles. India: Thompson-Balys.

D50. D50. Magic changes in man himself. Irish: Plummer clxxxiv (changes in form, complexion, height, and age).

D52. D52. Magic change to different appearance. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D52.1. D52.1. Transformation: man becomes hideous. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 130.

D52.2. D52.2. Ugly man becomes handsome. Samoa: Beckwith Myth 473.

D53. D53. Transformation in health.

D53.1. D53.1. Transformation to sick man. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga 642; Africa (Boloki): Weeks Congo 200ff.

D55. D55. Magic change of person‘s size. Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): *Boas BAM XV 361 (No. 34); Africa (Togo): Einstein 8.

D55.1. D55.1. Person becomes magically larger. Tobler 90.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Latin: Virgil Aeneid VI line 50; Africa (Fang) Trilles 184.

D55.1.1. D55.1.1. Man magically stretches self to overcome cliff. Hawaii: Dixon 91; Melanesia: ibid. 91 n. 104; Micronesia: ibid. 91 n. 105.

D55.1.1.1. D55.1.1.1. Man magically stretches self to overcome opponent in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

D55.1.1.2. D55.1.1.2. Man magically stretches self to sink tent pole. Irish myth: Cross.

D55.1.2. D55.1.2. Transformation: person to giant. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 539; Eskimo: Boas BAM XV 314; Africa (Fang): Einstein 61.

D55.1.3. D55.1.3. Pygmy turns into a giant. Finnish: Kalevala rune 2.

D55.2. D55.2. Person becomes magically smaller. Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

D55.2.1. D55.2.1. Dwarf contracts self to enter nostrils of cannibals. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 154.

D55.2.2. D55.2.2. Devil (troll) makes self small. *Fb “lille” II 428.

D55.2.3. D55.2.3. Giant changes to normal size. Micmac: Michelson JAFL XXXVIII 39.

D55.2.4. D55.2.4. Ten serving-women carried in bottle. They change size at will. Kцhler-Bolte II 471ff.

D55.2.5. D55.2.5. Transformation: adult to child. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 103, (Mackenzie Area) Jenness 40; Africa (Togo): Einstein 8, (Boloki) Weeks Congo 200ff.

D55.2.6. D55.2.6. Hero reduces in size small enough to get into mango seed. India: Thompson-Balys.

D56. D56. Magic change in person‘s age. India: Thompson-Balys.

D56.1. D56.1. Transformation to older person. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D57. D57. Change in person’s color. (Cf. D31.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D57.1. D57.1. Man transformed to green knight. *Kittredge Gawain.

D57.2. D57.2. Black man‘s color altered to white. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D57.3. D57.3. Hair and skin turn to color of gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

D57.4. D57.4. Transformation to black man. German: Grimm No. 121, 137; Jewish: Neuman.

D57.5. D57.5. Transformation to person of rusty color. German: Grimm No. 136.

D61. D61. Magic appearance of human limbs. A boy has no hands and legs; his abandoned sister successfully commands them to appear or disappear. Kaffir: Theal 74.

D90. D90. Transformation: man to different man--miscellaneous.

D91. D91. Transformation: normal man to cannibal. Fb “blod” IV 48a.

D92. D92. Transformation: wild man to normal. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D93. D93. Transformation: prince to old man. Type 431.

D94. D94. Transformation: man to ogre. Irish myth: Cross. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D96. D96. Transformation: normal man to ascetic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D97. D97. Transformation: man to witch. (Cf. G200) India: Thompson-Balys.

D98. D98. Transformation: children into horsemen. India: Thompson-Balys.

D100--D199.

D100--D199. Transformation: man to animal.

D100. D100. Transformation: man to animal. *BP II 60, III 8f.; *Dh III 284ff., 429ff., 446ff., 464ff.; Cosquin Contes indiens 58ff.; *Goerke Ueber Tierverwandlungen in franzцsischer Dichtung und Sage (Dissertation, Kцnigsberg 1904); Type 325; *Chauvin VI 199 No. 371.--Irish myth: *Cross; MacCulloch Celtic 168; Slavic (general): Mбchal 229; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 13, 17; Missouri French: Carriиre; Hindu: Penzer VI 5 n. 1, 40 n. 1, 56 n. 1, 2, VII 42 n. 1, 44 n. 1, IX 45; India: Thompson-Balys; Arabian: Burton Nights I 28, 35, 97, 126, 173, VII 83, 290, 296, 301, IX 310, S IV 329, 336.--Chinese: Frйmine La Tradition Sept.-Oct. 1890; Indonesian: DeVries’ list Nos. 152, 153; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 141; American Indian (Passamaquoddy): Prince PAES X 43 No. 9; (Amazon) Alexander Lat. Am. 301; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 84.

D101. D101. Transformation: god to animal. *Krappe Йtudes 53ff.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 49 n. 2; Fox 178 (Apollo); Irish myth: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 56; Persian: Carnoy 269; Norse: De la Saussaye 261; India: *Thompson-Balys; Penzer VII 175 n. 1.

D102. D102. Transformation: devil to animal. *Kittredge Witchcraft 175 nn. 12--21, 29, 30; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D102.1. D102.1. Transformation: demon to animal. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D103. D103. Assembly or group transformed to animals. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 98.

D110--D149.

D110--D149. TRANSFORMATION: MAN TO MAMMAL

D110. D110. Transformation: man to wild beast (mammal). *Dh III 446ff., Greek: Fox 16, Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bкte”; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 85.

D112. D112. Transformation: man to feline animal (wild).

D112.1. D112.1. Transformation: man to lion. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Bуsa saga 91; Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 451; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman.--Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 57 No. 25, (Angola): Chatelain 245 No. 47.

D112.1.1. D112.1.1. Village of lion-men. India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 67f.

D112.2. D112.2. Transformation: man to tiger. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6; Chinese: Werner 266, 270; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D112.2.1. D112.2.1. Wer-tiger. Like werwolf. (Cf. D113.1.)--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korea: Zong in-Sob 58, 71, 74, 79, 85, 89, 91.

D112.2.1.1. D112.2.1.1. When a wer-tiger is injured, similar marks appear on the human body of man who has possessed it. India: Thompson-Balys.

D112.2.1.2. D112.2.1.2. Village of tiger-men. (Cf. B221.6.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D112.3. D112.3. Transformation: man to lynx. Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 97.

D112.4. D112.4. Transformation: man to leopard. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 71 No. 15, (Angola): Chatelain 167 No. 15, (Wakweli): Bender 52.

D112.5. D112.5. Transformation: man to buffalo. Africa (Weute): Sieber 220ff.

D112.6. D112.6. Transformation: man to jaguar. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 61, (Eastern Brazil): Lowie I 397.

D113. D113. Transformation: man to canine animal (wild).

D113.1. D113.1. Transformation: man to wolf. *Type 428; Dh III, Fb “blod” IV 48; Child V 497 s.v. “stepmother”.--Irish myth: *Cross; Eng., U.S.: *Baughman; Icelandic: Corpus poeticum Boreale I 136, 140, *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek myth: Grote I 160; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 14 No. 75, XXXIII 53 No. 75; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 130 No. 73, 145 No. 38; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 48 No. 75; India: Thompson-Balys.

D113.1.1. D113.1.1. Werwolf. A man changes periodically into the form of a wolf. He is usually malevolent when in wolf form. **R. Andree Globus XXVII (1875); *C. T. Stewart Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 30ff.; Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 227ff.; (1928) 148ff.; Lid Saga och Sed 1937, 3ff.; Odstedt Varulven i svensk folktradition (Uppsala 1944); **K. E. Smith An Historical Study of the Werwolf in Literature (PMLA IX, 1894); **E. O‘Donnell Werewolves (Boston 1914); Summers The Werwolf (London, 1933); *O. Clemen Zs. f. Vksk. XXX--XXXII 141; *Kittredge Witchcraft 175 nn. 5--7; ibid. Arthur 169 n. 1; **Baring-Gould The Book of Werewolves (London, 1865); *v. Sydow Feilberg Festskrift 594ff.; **Jijena Sanchez; *Lйvy-Bruhl La mentalitй primitive 279ff.; *Frazer Ovid II 318ff.; *Fb “varulv”.--Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 291; Icelandic: *Boberg, Hrolfs saga Kraka 50, Volsungasaga 15, Sveinnson FFC LXXXIII p. liv; Norwegian: Solheпm Register 16; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46; German: Wuttke Volksaberglaube 277; Dutch: Schrijnen Volkskunde I 97; English: Philippson Germanisches Heidentum bei den Angelsachsen 53, Child III 498a s.v. “werewolves”, Wells 19 (William of Palerne); Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 109, 325, No. 9; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “loupgarou”; Gascon: Bladй Contes pop. de Gascogne II 360 No. 4; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 131f. Nos. 74--77, Eisen Esthnische Mythologie 31ff, Loorits Grundzьge I 311--320; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 63 Nos. 160--178; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3671; Slavic: Mбchal 228f.; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Okanagon): Gould MAFLS XI 98 No. 2; S. A. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 301.--Africa: Frobenius Atlantis V 153, 165, VII 31ff, 56, XI 263, *Werner African 344; (Basuto) Jacottet 238 No. 35.

D113.1.2. D113.1.2. God (goddess) assumes form of a wolf. Irish myth: Cross; Greek myth: *Grote I 43.

D113.2. D113.2. Transformation: man to bear. *Dh II 99; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 886 s.v. “Bдr”; *Fb “bjшrn” IV 43a, “hvidbjшrn” I 701a; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 48 No. 75a; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek myth: Grote I 162; Hindu: Penzer VII 42 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 217 No. 167; N. A. Indian (Joshua): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 241 No. 20; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 251f., (West Hudson Bay) Boas BAM XV 326, (Kodiak) Golder JAFL XX 297, XXII 10, (Cape York) Rasmussen III 124, 297, 211, (Greenland) Rink 193, (Bering Strait) Nelson RBAE XVIII 493, (West Greenland) Rasmussen II 96, 184, (East Greenland) Rasmussen I 184; Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 249.

D113.2.1. D113.2.1. Wer-bear. A bear-man like the werwolf. *Fb “bjшrn” IV 43a; Fox: Jones PAES I 157.

D113.3. D113.3. Transformation man to fox. *Fb “rжv” III 113a; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 179.--Irish myth: Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 337 s.v. “Hexe”, *302 No. 15, 307 No. 27, 32; Icelandic: Юorsteins saga Vik. 417; Missouri French: Carriиre; Chinese: Krappe CFQ III (1944) 137; Korean: Zong in-Sob 19, 56; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 342 n. 233 (cf. B651.1); Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 52, 56.

D113.4. D113.4. Transformation: man to jackal. India: Thompson-Balys.

D113.4.1. D113.4.1. Transformation: deity to jackal. India: Thompson-Balys.

D113.5. D113.5. Transformation: man to hyena. Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 266.

D114. D114. Transformation: man to ungulate (wild).

D114.1. D114.1. Transformation: man to bovine animal (wild).

D114.1.1. D114.1.1. Transformation: man to deer. (Cf. B641.2.)--*Type 450; *Fb “hjort” I 625, “hind” I 612, “blod” IV 48a; Irish myth: Cross; *Loomis White Magic 80; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese and Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 182ff., Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 191; N. A. Indian (White Mountain Apache): Goddard PaAM XXIV 128; S. A. Indian (Tembe): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 140.

D114.1.1.1. D114.1.1.1. Transformation: girl to deer (fawn) (by druid). Irish myth: *Cross.

D114.1.1.2. D114.1.1.2. Transformation: woman to doe. India: Thompson-Balys.

D114.1.2. D114.1.2. Transformation: man to eland. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87.

D114.1.3. D114.1.3. Transformation: man to hartebeest. Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 3.

D114.1.4. D114.1.4. Transformation: man to buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Cheyenne): Campbell JAFL XXIX 407 No. 1; Africa (Weute): Sieber 229.

D114.1.5. D114.1.5. Transformation: man to musk ox. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 82.

D114.1.6. D114.1.6. Transformation: man to caribou. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 56.

D114.1.7. D114.1.7. Transformation: man to moose. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 40.

D114.2. D114.2. Transformation: man to elephant. Hindu: Penzer VI 162; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 40; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 247, (Benga) Nassau 184 No. 24, (Basuto) Jacottet 90 No. 14, (Fang) Tessman 118.

D114.3. D114.3. Transformation: man to swine (wild).

D114.3.1. D114.3.1. Transformation: man to peccary. S. A. Indian (Cariri): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 559.

D114.3.2. D114.3.2. Transformation: man to boar. Loomis White Magic 80; Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 187; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D114.3.2.1. D114.3.2.1. Transformation: god to boar. (Cf. D101.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D114.4. D114.4. Transformation: man to wild goat. Africa: Milligan 141.

D115. D115. Transformation: man to equine animal (wild).

D115.1. D115.1. Transformation: man to zebra. Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 262.

D117. D117. Transformation: man to rodent. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 120.

D117.1. D117.1. Transformation: man to mouse. *Fb “mus” II 631b; Dh I 258ff. (cf. C12.5.1); Type 545 A, B (BP I 325, III 487).--Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 102; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys, Panchatantra III 13 (tr. Ryder) 353; Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 249.

D117.2. D117.2. Transformation: man to hare (rabbit). *Fb “hare” I 556, “blod” IV 48a; Irish myth: *Cross (D123).

D117.3. D117.3. Transformation: man to rat. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 17, 425f.

D117.3.1. D117.3.1. Transformation: man to bandicoot. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D117.4. D117.4. Transformation: man to marmot. India: Thompson-Balys.

D118. D118. Transformation: man to simian.

D118.1. D118.1. Transformation: man to ape. *Dh II 100.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 241 n. 3; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer I 28, III 191, VI 59, VII 44 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 177 No. 119; S. A. Indian (Quichй): Alexander Lat. Am. 172, Chile: Pino Saavedra 402ff.

D118.2. D118.2. Transformation: man (woman) to monkey. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D124. D124. Transformation: man to wild animal--mustelidae.

D124.1. D124.1. Transformation: man to weasel. Fb “lжkat” II 495a.

D124.2. D124.2. Transformation: man to ermine. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 36a.

D124.3. D124.3. Transformation: man to marten. Tobler 51.

D124.4. D124.4. Transformation: man to badger. Irish myth: *Cross (D117.2).

D127. D127. Transformation: man to sea mammal.

D127.1. D127.1. Transformation: man to seal. *Fb “sжlhund”; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 222, 224, 450, 469, Boas RBAE V 621, (Mackenzie Area) Jenness 84, (Cape York) Rasmussen III 100.

D127.2. D127.2. Transformation: man to otter. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Vцlsunga Saga ch. 14; Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XVIII 221, (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XX 139.

D127.3. D127.3. Transformation: man to whale. (See references at D178.) Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Grimm No. 197.--Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 31, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 170, (Labrador): Hawks GSCan XIV 157, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 625; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (P--G 13/10).

D127.4. D127.4. Transformation: man to walrus. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 184, II 96.

D127.5. D127.5. Transformation: man to dolphin. Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Grote I 32, 45, 70x, 178 (Apollo), Frazer Apollodorus I 333 n. 1.

D127.6. D127.6. Transformation: man to porpoise. Marquesas: Handy 92; Tonga: Gifford 77.

D130. D130. Transformation: man to domestic beast (mammal).

D131. D131. Transformation: man to horse. *Types 314, 502, 531, 726*; BP III 18ff, 94ff.; *Fb “hest” I 598; “жble” III 1136a, “blod” IV 48a; Tobler 44, 50, 80; *Malone PMLA XLIII 441 n. 25; Kittredge Arthur 170 n. 3; Cosquin Йtudes 512ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 329 No. 52; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 33, 45 No. 71; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 118, 120, 130 Nos. 25, 33, 72; Persian: Carnoy 269; Hindu: Penzer VI 5, 8; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1205; Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 68 No. 15.

D131.1. D131.1. Transformation: merman to horse. (Cf. B82.) Fb “hest” I 599a.

D132. D132. Transformation: man to ass (mule, jennet, etc.).

D132.1. D132.1. Transformation: man to ass. (Cf. B641.4.)--*Types 430, 567; *Chauvin II 183 No. 23; *K. Weinhold Ьber das Mдrchen vom Eselmenschen (Sitzungsb. d. K. Pr. Akad. Berlin [1893] 475--488); Cosquin Йtudes 512ff.; Wesselski Theorie 22.--Breton: *Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “вne”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

D132.2. D132.2. Transformation: man to mule. Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 754 C*.

D133. D133. Transformation to cow (bull, calf, etc.). India: Thompson-Balys.

D133.1. D133.1. Transformation to cow. *Type 473; *Fb “ko” II 240b.--Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Grote I 80; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 43, 52.

D133.1.1. D133.1.1. Nisser in form of cows. Fb “ko” II 240b; Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 83ff., (1928) 63ff.

D133.2. D133.2. Transformation: man to bull. (Cf. B641.3.)--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 299 n. 2 (Europa), I 256 n. 3 (Achelous); Persian: Carnoy 269; Hindu: *Penzer VI 5 n. 1; Chinese: Werner 359.

D133.3. D133.3. Transformation: man to ox. Cosquin Йtudes 512ff.; Norse: FSS 118f, MacCulloch Eddic 181; Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC 48, 63 Nos. 327D*, 453.

D133.4. D133.4. Transformation: man to calf. Fb “kalv” II 79; Irish myth: Cross.

D133.4.1. D133.4.1. God assumes form of calf. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 136.

D133.5. D133.5. Transformation: man to steer (bullock). German: Grimm No. 82a, 163.

D134. D134. Transformation: man to goat (he-goat, she-goat, kid etc.). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Grote I 238; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 48 No. 75C; German: Grimm No. 163; Hindu: Penzer VI 56 nn. 1, 2; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D134.1. D134.1. Transformation: man to he-goat.

D134.2. D134.2. Transformation: man to she-goat. Hartland Science 247; Loomis White Magic 80.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chиvre”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D134.3. D134.3. Transformation: man to kid. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 320 n. 4 (Dionysus); India: Thompson-Balys.

D134.4. D134.4. Transformations supernatural being into a goat. Irish myth: Cross.

D135. D135. Transformation: man to sheep. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mouton”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D135.1. D135.1. Transformation: man to lamb. German: Grimm No. 141; India: Thompson-Balys.

D136. D136. Transformation: man to swine. Fb “svin” III 676a; *Dh II 102.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish: *Hartland Science 198, *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Fox 137, Frazer Apollodorus II 287 n. 2 (Odysseus and Circe); Hindu: Keith 218; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 217 No. 167; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 37.

D141. D141. Transformation: man to dog. (Cf. B641.1.)--*Type 652; BP II 121 (Grimm Nos. 76, 30a); Types 449*, 726*; *Fb “hund” I 676b, “blod” IV 48a, “lys” II 483b; *Dh II 101; **Jijena Sanchez; *Kittredge Arthur 170 n. 3; Chauvin V 3 No. 2, *5 No. 443--Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3655; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VIII 141; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1205; Korea: Zong in-Sob 64 No. 35; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 349; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/52); Maori: Clark 50; Surinam: Alexander Lat. Am 274; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 347 n. 247, 248, (Canadian Dakota): Wallis JAFL XXXVI 90 No. 22; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 156.

D141.0.1. D141.0.1. Kynanthropy. Irish myth: Cross.

D141.0.2. D141.0.2. Men and women transformed to dogs by druidic spell. Irish myth: *Cross.

D141.1. D141.1. Transformation: woman to bitch. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 241 n. 4 (Hecuba).

D141.1.1. D141.1.1. Transformation: girl to puppy. India: Thompson-Balys.

D142. D142. Transformation: man to cat. Types 402, 566; Fb “blod” IV 48a, “kat” II 108a; Taylor MPh XVII (1919) 59 n. 8.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chat”; French: Cosquin No. 11; German: Grimm No. 130a; India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 20; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 400 ff.

D142.0.1. D142.0.1. Transformation: woman to cat. Irish myth: *Cross.

D142.1. D142.1. Devil as cat. *Kittredge Witchcraft 178 nn. 37--44 passim.

D142.2. D142.2. God assumes form of a cat. Hindu: Penzer II 46, 197 n. 2; Tonga: Gifford 20.

D150. D150. Transformation: man to bird. (Cf. B644.)--*Types 405, 432, 665; BP II 26ff., 69; Dh II 250 ff., III 406, 429ff.; Hartland Science 247; Chauvin V 87 No. 27; Cosquin Йtudes 516ff., 526ff.; Irish: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 75, 79; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 261; Greek: Fox 15, 16 (Ceyx and Alcyone), 70 (Procne and Philomela), Frazer Apollodorus I 70 n. 1, II 67 n. 6 (Thetis); Jewish: Neuman; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 77**; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 48, 123ff., 125; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 64 No. 35; Maori: Dixon 79; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 139, 151; Marquesas: Handy 55, 108; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/619); Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 148, 287, 327, Rasmussen II 14; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Alexander N. Am. 137; S. A. Indian (Kiangon): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 47, (Toba): Mйtraux: MAFLS XL 24, 26; Africa (Fang): Trilles Proverbes 202, Einstein 52, 55f.

D151. D151. Transformation: man to bird--passeriform.

D151.1. D151.1. Transformation: man to swallow. *Dh III 414ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Korean: Zong in-Sob 65 No. 35.

D151.2. D151.2. Transformation: man to finch. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 119.

D151.2.1. D151.2.1. Transformation into snowbunting. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 220.

D151.3. D151.3. Transformation: man to nightingale. *Fb “blod” IV 48a.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 98 n. 2, Pausanias V 226.

D151.4. D151.4. Transformation: man to crow. Fb “krage” II 285b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63 No. 453; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D151.5. D151.5. Transformation: man to raven. *Type 451; Fb “ravn” III 22b, 23a; Krappe Speculum XX (1945) 405--414; German: Grimm No. 93; Irish myth: *Cross; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 14; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 177, 227, 229, 303.

D151.6. D151.6. Transformation: man to titmouse. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 80.

D151.7. D151.7. Transformation: man to blackbird. Irish myth: Cross.

D151.8. D151.8. Transformation: man to sparrow. German: Grimm No. 68.

D151.9. D151.9. Transformation: man to magpie. Icelandic: Boberg.

D152. D152. Transformation: man to bird--falconiform.

D152.1. D152.1. Transformation: man to hawk. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 84.--Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 263; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 504, (Mundurucъ): Horton ibid. 294; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 128 No. 22.

D152.1.1. D152.1.1. Transformation: god to hawk. India: Thompson-Balys.

D152.2. D152.2. Transformation: man to eagle. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 97; Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 43; Italian novella: Rotunda; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 94 No. 8.

D152.3. D152.3. Transformation: man to vulture. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VIII 142; Africa (Fang): Trilles 167.

D152.4. D152.4. Transformation: girl to falcon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D152.4.1. D152.4.1. Odin as falcon. Icelandic: Hervarar saga 82, 140, *Boberg.

D152.5. D152.5. Transformation: man to osprey. Irish myth: Cross.

D152.6. D152.6. Transformation: man to kite. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D153. D153. Transformation: man to bird--coraciiform.

D153.1. D153.1. Transformation: man to woodpecker. *Type 751A; Dh II 125.--Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 38 No. 50; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 80.

D153.2. D153.2. Transformation: man to owl. (Cf. A1710, A1958).--Dh II 123; *Fb “ugle” III 964b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 97; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908.

D153.3. D153.3. Transformation: man to hornbill. India: Thompson-Balys.

D154. D154. Transformation: man to bird--charadriiform.

D154.1. D154.1. Transformation: man to dove. German: Grimm No. 130A; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408A*; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 180 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

D154.1.0.1. D154.1.0.1. Transformation: god to dove. India: Thompson-Balys.

D154.2. D154.2. Transformation: man to pigeon. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; India: *Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark 36; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/52).

D154.3. D154.3. Transformation: man to snipe. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (P-G 13/10).

D154.4. D154.4. Transformation: man to gull. Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 262, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 327.

D155. D155. Transformation: man to bird--ciconiiform.

D155.1. D155.1. Transformation: man to stork. *Dh II 102; Wesselski Bebel II 49 No. 117.--Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3131f., Legends Nos. 232, 234, 237, 239--242, 246f.

D156. D156. Transformation: man to cuckoo. *Dh II 99, 101, 127, III 426ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

D157. D157. Transformation: man to parrot. *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 209; *Penzer V 27ff., VI 60; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D161. D161. Transformation: man to bird of anatidae group (duck).

D161.1. D161.1. Transformation: man to swan. *Type 451; **O. Rank Die Lohengrinsage (1911) 65f.; *Wehrhan Die Sage 50; *Wesselski Mдrchen 255 No. 64; *Chauvin VIII 206 No. 248; *G. Huet Romania XXXIV (1905) 206ff.; *Fb “svane” III 664ab; H. A. Todd A propos of La Naissance du chevalier au cygne (MLN VI 2); Krappe Apollon Kyknos (Classical Philology XXXVII 353--370); *BP I 427ff.; Hibbard 248, *251.--English Romance: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne); Irish: *Cross; Icelandic: Hrуmundar saga Gr. 373--75 (Kбra), Boberg; Greek: *Frazer Pausanias II 395.

D161.2. D161.2. Transformation: man to goose. *Types 403, 450; *Fb “gеs”; Hdwb. d. Abergl. VII 1279f.

D161.2.1. D161.2.1. Transformation: man to gander. India: Thompson-Balys.

D161.3. D161.3. Transformation: man to duck. Types 403, 434*; Fb “and” IV 12b, “fjer” I 301, “blod” IV 48a; Missouri French: Carriиre; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 32a.

D162. D162. Transformation: man to crane. Fb “trane”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Dixon 79.

D166. D166. Transformation: man to gallinaceous bird.

D166.1. D166.1. Transformation: man to chicken (cock, hen).

D166.1.1. D166.1.1. Transformation: man to cock. Fb “kok” II 248b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “coq”, Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

D166.2. D166.2. Transformation: man to peacock. Hindu: Penzer VIII 142; India: Thompson-Balys.

D166.3. D166.3. Transformation: man to turkey. Papua: Ker 107.

D166.4. D166.4. Transformation: person to ptarmigan. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 220, 302.

D169. D169. Transformation: man to bird--miscellaneous.

D169.1. D169.1. Transformation: woman to waterfowl. India: Thompson-Balys.

D169.2. D169.2. Transformation: magician to paddy-bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

D169.3. D169.3. Transformation: man to toucan. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

D169.4. D169.4. Transformation: man to cassowary. Papua: Ker 90.

D170. D170. Transformation: man to fish. *Types 555, 665; BP I 139; *Fb “fisk”; Chauvin 57 No. 222 n. 3; *Loorits Pharaos Heer in der Volksьberlieferung (Tartu, 1935); Cosquin Йtudes 516ff.--English: Child V 497 s.v. “stepmother”; Irish myth: Cross; Norse: De la Saussaye 261; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 48 No. 75 D; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 122, Graham; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tahitian: Dixon 65; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth XXIII 204, 525; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1100); Marquesas: Handy 135; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 372; Tonga: Gifford 84; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XX 139; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 170 No. 32; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 52, 150; Africa (Madagascar): Renel I 94ff.

D171. D171. Transformation: man to carp. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 339.

D173. D173. Transformation: man to eel. Irish myth: Cross; Polynesian, Melanesian, Indonesian: Dixon 55, 56 nn. 75, 76; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 21; Samoa: Clark 70.

D173.1. D173.1. God assumes form of an eel. Irish myth: Cross.

D174. D174. Transformation: man to cuttlefish. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6 (Thetis).

D175. D175. Transformation: man to crab. New Guinea: Dixon 138 (woman); Papua: Ker 21, 86.

D175.1. D175.1. Transformation: god to crab. India: Thompson-Balys.

D176. D176. Transformation: man to salmon. Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 146.

D177. D177. Transformation: man (woman) to catfish. India: Thompson-Balys.

D178. D178. Transformation: man to shark. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 140; Fiji: ibid. 131; Tonga: ibid. 130, Gifford 76, 184; Solomon Islands: Beckwith Myth 131.

D179. D179. Transformation: man to fish--miscellaneous.

D179.1. D179.1. Transformation: man to trout. Irish myth: Cross.

D179.2. D179.2. Transformation: man to pike. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 14.

D179.3. D179.3. Transformation: man to sardine. India: Thompson-Balys.

D179.4. D179.4. Transformation: man to shrimp. India: Thompson-Balys.

D179.5. D179.5. Transformation: man to sword-fish. Mangaia (Cook Island): Clark 140.

D180. D180. Transformation: man to insect. Cosquin Йtudes 527ff.; Irish: *MacCulloch Celtic 79ff.; Chinese: Werner 363, Eberhard FFC CXX 127; Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XVIII 220; Africa (Wachaga): Gutman 34.

D181. D181. Transformation: man to spider. Tobler 80; Chinese: Werner 364; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 72 No. 10.

D182. D182. Transformation: man to hymoptera.

D182.1. D182.1. Transformation: man to bee. Chinese: Werner 363; Indonesian: Dixon 219f.; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 32.

D182.1.1. D182.1.1. Transformation: man to bumblebee. India: Thompson-Balys.

D182.2. D182.2. Transformation: man to ant. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Italian Novella: Rotunda; German: Grimm No. 29; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 104.

D183. D183. Transformation: man to orthoptera.

D183.1. D183.1. Transformation: man to cicada. Greek: Fox 246 (Tithonus).

D183.2. D183.2. Transformation: man to cricket. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 127; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 52 No. 8 (girl).

D184. D184. Transformation: man to coleoptera.

D184.1. D184.1. Transformation: man to beetle.

D184.2. D184.2. Transformation: man to firefly. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 57, 85, 92.

D185. D185. Transformation: man to diptera.

D185.1. D185.1. Transformation: man to fly. *Fb “flue” I 315.--Icelandic: De la Saussaye 261f., *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 363; Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 42 No. 4.

D185.1.1. D185.1.1. Transformation: woman (fairy) to fly. Irish myth: *Cross.

D185.2. D185.2. Transformation: man to flea. Norse: Flateyjarbуk I 276; India: Thompson-Balys.

D185.3. D185.3. Transformation: man to gnat. Irish myth: Cross (D187).

D186. D186. Transformation: man to lepidoptera.

D186.1. D186.1. Transformation: man to butterfly. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 172, No. 113.

D190. D190. Transformation: man to reptiles and miscellaneous animals.

D191. D191. Transformation: man to serpent (snake). (Cf. B642.1.)--*Type 433; *BP III 89 n. 2; *E Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 1; R. M. Meyer Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 4; Kцhler-Bolte II 435ff.; *Krappe Йtudes 53ff.; Hartland Science 244--7; *Fb “orm” II 759b.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 54 (Bolverk), Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer IX 45.--English: *Child V 497 s.v. “stepmother”; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “serpent”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 21; New Britain: Dixon 117; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 135; Eskimo (Greenland): Thalbitzer Phonetic Study of Eskimo Language (Kшbenhavn, 1904) 5; American Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 112 No. 14; (Plains Ojibwa): Skinner JAFL XXXII 303 No. 7, (Ladino): Conzemius BBAE CVI 130f.

D191.1. D191.1. Lucifer as serpent. Irish myth: *Cross.

D192. D192. Transformation: man to worm (often==snake). Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 315f.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D192.0.1. D192.0.1. Transformation: demon (in human form) to worm. Irish myth: Cross.

D192.1. D192.1. Transformation: man to caterpillar. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D192.2. D192.2. Transformation: man to centipede. Korean: Zong in-Sob 99 No. 54; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 99.

D193. D193. Transformation: man to tortoise (turtle). *Dh II 128.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “tortue”.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 324; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 137.

D194. D194. Transformation: man to crocodile. (Cf. B642.2.)--India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 181, 401, (Kaffir): Theal 38, (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 204.

D194.0.1. D194.0.1. Wer-crocodile. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 401.

D194.1. D194.1. Transformation: man to alligator. India: Thompson-Balys.

D195. D195. Transformation: man to frog. (Cf. B643).--*Type 440; *BP I 1ff.; *Fb “frш” I 378, “blod” IV 48 a; Tobler 80.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3188, Legends No. 202; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 97 No. 836A; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 289, II 390; Korean: Zong in-Sob V No. 2; Chile: Pino Saavedra 405; Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 199, (Zulu): Callaway 211.

D196. D196. Transformation: man to toad. Fb “tudse” III 889a; Hartland Science 51ff.; Tobler 26.--English: Lang Eng. Fairy Tales 190; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “crapaud”; Chinese: Graham; S. A. Indian (Guaporй Rivйr): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379.

D197. D197. Transformation: man to lizard. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146.

D197.1. D197.1. Transformation: man to iguana. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 66.

D198. D198. Transformation: man to snail. India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 30 No. 13; Africa: Milligan 95.

D199. D199. Transformation: man to other animals than those already treated.

D199.1. D199.1. Transformation: man to centaur. (Cf. B21.)--Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 413.

D199.2. D199.2. Transformation: man to dragon. (Cf. B11.)--English: Wells 103 (Alliterative Alexander Fragment A); Irish myth: *Cross.

D199.2.1. D199.2.1. Magician fights as dragon. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D199.3. D199.3. Transformation: woman to siren. Jewish: Neuman.

D200--D299.

D200--D299. Transformation: man to object.

D200. D200. Transformation: man to object. Burton Nights I 69, 163, IX 318, S V 247f.; Tawney I 232, II 363; India: Thompson-Balys.

D210. D210. Transformation: man to vegetable form.

D210.1. D210.1. Plants as transformed bodies of gods. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 93.

D211. D211. Transformation: man to fruit. *Type 652; BP II 121ff., *125; Penzer VII 130f., 161.

D211.1. D211.1. Transformation: man (woman) to orange. *Type 408; India: Thompson-Balys.

D211.2. D211.2. Transformation: man (woman) to pomegranate. *Type 408; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D211.3. D211.3. Transformation: woman (man) to belfruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

D211.4. D211.4. Transformation: man (woman) to mango. India: Thompson-Balys.

D211.5. D211.5. Transformation: man to apple. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D211.6. D211.6. Transformation: man to peach. Chinese: Graham.

D212. D212. Transformation: man (woman) to flower. *Type 652; *BP II 125; *Type 407; BP I 501, III 259; Tobler 69.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 93.

D212.1. D212.1. Transformation: man (woman) to carnation. *Type 652.

D212.2. D212.2. Transformation: man (woman) to rose. *Fb “rose” III 80a; India: Thompson-Balys.

D212.3. D212.3. Transformation: woman to lotus. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D213. D213. Transformation: man to plant.

D213.1. D213.1. Transformation: man to cockscomb plant. India: Thompson-Balys.

D213.2. D213.2. Transformation: man to rosebush. German: Grimm Nos. 51, 113.

D213.3. D213.3. Transformation: man to turmeric plant. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 365.

D213.4. D213.4. Transformation: man to vine. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 93, 99.

D213.5. D213.5. Transformation: man to thorns. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 23.

D213.6. D213.6. Transformation: man to plantain stalk. Africa (Bulu): Krug 121f.

D214. D214. Transformation to grain.

D214.1. D214.1. Transformation: man to rice-grain. India: Thompson-Balys.

D214.2. D214.2. Transformation: man to maize. Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 207.

D215. D215. Transformation: man to tree. *Type 442; *Fb “trж” III 867b.--Greek: Fox 16; Hindu: Penzer VI 25 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys; English: Child V 497 s.v. “stepmother”; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 48; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth XII 101, 254, 478, 495, 532; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 193; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 13; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 489 No. 106, (Crow): Lowie PaAM XXV 45; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 42 No. 6, (Basuto): Jacottet 68 No. 10, (Fang): Tessman 112.

D215.1. D215.1. Transformation: man (woman) to laurel. Greek: Fox 181 (Daphne).

D215.2. D215.2. Transformation: man to pear tree. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “poirier”.

D215.3. D215.3. Transformation: man (woman) to ash tree. Fb “rцn” III 125a.

D215.4. D215.4. Transformation: man (woman) to linden tree. Fb “lind” II 432b.

D215.5. D215.5. Transformation: man to apple tree. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Apfel” n. 27.

D215.6. D215.6. Transformation: man (woman) to mulberry tree. Hindu: Penzer VI 26 n. 3; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 84.

D215.7. D215.7. Transformation: man (woman) to almond tree. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 262 n. 2.

D215.8. D215.8. Transformation: man (woman) to mango tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

D216. D216. Transformation: man to log. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 100; Menomini: Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 317; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 60; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D217. D217. Transformation: man to stick. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq II 171ff.

D218. D218. Transformation: man to sheaf of grain.

D218.1. D218.1. Transformation: man (woman) to paddy-sheaf. India: Thompson-Balys.

D221. D221. Transformation: man to gourd (calabash). India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: DeVries’ list No. 155; Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 268, 450f.; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 262 No. 39.

D222. D222. Transformation: man to nut. Icelandic: Boberg.

D222.1. D222.1. Transformation: man to peanut. Africa: Weeks Jungle 462.

D223. D223. Transformation: man to grass. Jewish: Neuman.

D224. D224. Transformation: man to reed. Greek myth: Syrinx.

D225. D225. Transformation: man to seaweed. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 13.

D230. D230. Transformation: man to a mineral form.

D231. D231. Transformation: man to stone. *Types 303, 471, 516; *Fb “sten” III 553b; Kцhler-Bolte I 572f.; *Chauvin VI No. 273, *58 No. 222, VII 83 No. 373bis n. 1, 98 No. 375; *Loomis White Magic 80.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 503f.; England: *Baughman; Italian novella: Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 153 n. 3, 343 (Niobe); India: *Thompson-Balys, Tawney 123; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 94, 119, 209; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 61; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/6); Marquesas: Handy 106; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 65, 191, 342, 422; Tonga: Gifford 183, Mono Alu: Wheeler 25, 66; New Hebrides: Codrington 367;--Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 219, 464, Rasmussen III 152, 194, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 172, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 84, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 159, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 505, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 172.--American Indian (Central Brazil): Ehrenreich Int. Cong. Americanists XIV 662, (Snuqualmi and Snohomish): Haeberlin JAFL XXXVII 378.--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 260 No. 38, (Kaffir): Theal 101.

D231.1. D231.1. Transformation: man to millstone. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 27.

D231.2. D231.2. Transformation: man to marble column. *Type 707; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D231.2.1. D231.2.1. Mass transformation of wedding party to marble statues, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

D233. D233. Transformation: man to shell. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 114; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 27, (Congo): Weeks 200 No. 1.

D235. D235. Transformation: man (woman) to golden object.

D235.1. D235.1. Transformation: man (god) to shower of gold. Greek: Fox 33 (Zeus).

D235.2. D235.2. Transformation: woman to golden stool. India: Thompson-Balys.

D237. D237. Transformation: man to coral. India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 94, 100; Marquesas: Handy 106.

D241. D241. Transformation: man to salt. Jewish: Neuman.

D242. D242. Transformation: man to oil. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 61.

D244. D244. Transformation: man to pumice. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 215.

D250. D250. Transformation: man to manufactured object.

D251. D251. Transformation: man to dish. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 300 n. 100.

D251.1. D251.1. Transformation: man to saucepan. Africa (Congo): Weeks 200 No. 1.

D252. D252. Transformation: man to pot. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 240 No. 35.

D253. D253. Transformation: man to needle. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 127 No. 22.

D254. D254. Transformation: man to musical instrument.

D254.1. D254.1. Transformation: man to fiddle. India: Thompson-Balys.

D255. D255. Transformation: man to boat. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”.

D255.1. D255.1. Transformation: man to canoe. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 231, 478.

D256. D256. Transformation: man to wheel. *Fb “hjul”.

D257. D257. Transformation: man to hatchel. Fb “hegle”.

D258. D258. Transformation: man to fishhook. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 364.

D261. D261. Transformation: man to altar. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “autel”.

D263. D263. Transformation: man to ornament.

D263.1. D263.1. Transformation: man to ring. *Fb “guldring” I 514b; Missouri-French: Carriиre; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 341 n. 228a; Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 205.

D263.2. D263.2. Transformation: man to necklace. India: Thompson-Balys.

D263.3. D263.3. Transformation: man (girl) to comb. Hindu: Penzer VII 239.

D263.4. D263.4. Transformation: man to beads. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 60.

D263.5. D263.5. Transformation: man to crown. German: Grimm No. 51.

D264. D264. Transformation: man (woman) to skein of silk. Fb “silke” III 204a.

D265. D265. Transformation: man to mat. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 127 No. 22.

D266. D266. Transformation: man to pick-handle. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 262 No. 39, (Congo): Weeks 200 No. 1.

D268. D268. Transformation: man to building.

D268.0.1. D268.0.1. Transformation: man to church. German: Grimm No. 51, 113.

D268.1. D268.1. Transformation: man to housepost. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/276).

D268.2. D268.2. Transformation: man to figure on ridgepole of house. Maori: Clark 110.

D270. D270. Transformation: man to object--miscellaneous.

D271. D271. Transformation: man to meat.

D271.1. D271.1. Transformation: man to lard. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 262 No. 39.

D275. D275. Transformation: man to feather. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 37; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 310 n. 117a.

D276. D276. Transformation: man to egg. Faroe islands: MacCulloch Eddic 151.

D281. D281. Transformation: man to storm. Hottentot: Bleek 65 No. 28.

D281.1. D281.1. Transformation: man to wind. Hottentot: Bleek 65 No. 28; India: Thompson-Balys.

D281.1.1. D281.1.1. Transformation: man to whirlwind. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 140 No. 20.

D281.2. D281.2. Transformation: man to lightning. India: Thompson-Balys.

D281.3. D281.3. Transformation: man to thunder. Madagascar: Renel Contes de Madagascar I 94ff. No. 14.

D283. D283. Transformation: man to water.

D283.1. D283.1. Transformation: man (woman) to pool of water. Irish myth: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 60; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 532.

D283.2. D283.2. Transformation to spring of water. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 17; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 60.

D283.3. D283.3. Transformation: watersprite to flood. German: Grimm No. 181.

D283.4. D283.4. Transformation: person to seafoam. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-D. 13/203).

D283.5. D283.5. Transformation: man to ocean wave. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/249); Maori: Beckwith Myth 318.

D284. D284. Transformation: man (woman) to island. Greek: Pauly-Wissowa: s.v. “Delos”.

D285. D285. Transformation: man to fire. India: Thompson-Balys; Penzer VIII 219; Hottentot: Bleek 65 No. 28.

D285.0.1. D285.0.1. Transformation: god to fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

D285.1. D285.1. Transformation: man to smoke. German: Grimm No. 163; Chinese: Werner 196.

D286. D286. Transformation: man to ashes. Hindu: Keith 115.

D287. D287. Transformation: man to mound. Africa (Bondei): Woodward FL XXXVI 367ff. No. 12.

D287.1. D287.1. Transformation: man to ant-hill. India: Thompson-Balys.

D287.2. D287.2. Transformation: man to pillar of earth. Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 110.

D291. D291. Transformation: man to mountain. Africa (Bakuba): Einstein 160.

D292. D292. Transformation: man to hair. *Charpentier 35 nn. 1, 2.

D293. D293. Transformation: man to star. Jewish: Neuman; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/1005).

D294. D294. Transformation into puff of dust. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/203).

D295. D295. Transformation: man to spittle. Jewish: Neuman.

D300--D399.

D300--D399. Transformation: animal to person.

D300. D300. Transformation: animal to person. *Goerke Ueber Tierverwandlungen in franzцsischer Dichtung und Sage (Kцnigsberg, 1904); Tawney II 138; India: Thompson-Balys, N. A. Indian (Plains Cree): Skinner JAFL XXIX 345 No. 1 (1); Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 205, Rink 450.

D310--D349.

D310--D349. TRANSFORMATION: MAMMAL TO PERSON

D310. D310. Transformation: wild beast (mammal) to person. Irish myth: *Cross.

D312. D312. Transformation: feline animal to person.

D312.1. D312.1. Transformation: lion to person. Hindu: Penzer II 147; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 145, 147 No. 15.

D312.2. D312.2. Transformation: tiger to person. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 62f.

D312.3. D312.3. Transformation: leopard to person. Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 68 No. 15.

D313. D313. Transformation: canine animal to person. Chinese: Krappe CFQ III (1944) 26ff., 136f.

D313.1. D313.1. Transformation: fox to person. Chinese: Werner 370--379, Ferguson 157; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 327; Korean: Zong in-Sob 128; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 11.

D313.2. D313.2. Transformation: wolf to man. Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 76.

D313.3. D313.3. Transformation: bear to person. Korean: Zong in-Sob 3 No. 1; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 134, II 11, III 52, 86, Rink 196, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 54.

D313.4. D313.4. Transformation: hyena to man. Jewish: Neuman.

D314. D314. Transformation: ungulate animal (wild) to person.

D314.1. D314.1. Transformation: bovine animal (wild) to person. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 235.

D314.1.1. D314.1.1. Transformation: antelope to person. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 71 No. 15.

D314.1.2. D314.1.2. Transformation: caribou to person. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 58, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 328f.

D314.1.3. D314.1.3. Transformation: deer to woman. S. A. Indian (Maroja): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448.

D314.1.4. D314.1.4. Transformation: gazelle to person. Africa: Weeks Jungle 450.

D314.3. D314.3. Transformation: elephant to person. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 126 No. 22.

D315. D315. Transformation: rodent to man.

D315.1. D315.1. Transformation: rat to person. Saintyves Perrault 151ff. (to coachman); Type 510.--Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Africa V140.

D315.2. D315.2. Transformation: mouse to person. India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer V 109 n. 2, Panchatantra III 13 (tr. Ryder) 353; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 58.

D315.3. D315.3. Transformation: badger to person. Japanese: Anesaki 327.

D315.4. D315.4. Transformation: squirrel to person. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 74.

D315.5. D315.5. Transformation: hare (rabbit) to person. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 60 No. 438; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 307; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 395 No. 28.

D318. D318. Transformation: simian to person.

D318.1. D318.1. Transformation: monkey to person. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 72 No. 557; Chinese: Werner 327.

D327. D327. Transformation: sea-mammal to person.

D327.1. D327.1. Transformation: otter to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 168.

D327.2. D327.2. Transformation: seal to person. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 456.

D330. D330. Transformation: domestic beast (mammal) to person.

D332. D332. Transformation: equine animal (domestic) to person.

D332.1. D332.1. Transformation: ass (donkey) to person. German: Grimm No. 144.

D333. D333. Transformation: bovine animal to person. (Cf. D658.4.)

D333.1. D333.1. Transformation: bull to man. Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 81 No. 11.

D333.2. D333.2. Transformation: calf to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 33 No. 55.

D334. D334. Transformation: goat to person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D336. D336. Transformation: swine to person. *Dh II 191f.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cochon”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D336.1. D336.1. Transformation: pig to person. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 116.

D341. D341. Transformation: dog to person. Irish myth: Cross (D343.1).

D341.1. D341.1. Transformation: bitches to women. Irish myth: *Cross (D343).

D342. D342. Transformation: cat to person. Fb “kat” II 108a.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D350. D350. Transformation: bird to person. Tobler 79.--Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 49f.; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 373.

D352. D352. Transformation: falconiform to person.

D352.1. D352.1. Transformation: hawk to person. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 210.

D352.2. D352.2. Transformation: eagle to person. Africa: Milligan Jungle 100.

D352.3. D352.3. Transformation: falcon to person. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D353. D353. Transformation: coraciiform to person.

D353.1. D353.1. Transformation: woodpecker to person. Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5.

D354. D354. Transformation: charidiiform to person.

D354.1. D354.1. Transformation: dove to person. Dickson 52.

D354.2. D354.2. Transformation: gull to person. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 216, 302, (Greenland): Rasmussen 219, Rink 451.

D357. D357. Transformation: parrot to person. S. A. Indian (Carajб): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 516.

D361. D361. Transformation: swan to person. Irish myth: Cross.

D361.1. D361.1. Swan Maiden. A swan transforms herself at will into a maiden. She resumes her swan form by putting on her swan coat. (It is difficult to tell in most Swan Maiden tales whether the primary form is swan or maiden: the incident may belong at D161.)--*Type 313, 400, 465A; *BP III 406; **H. Holmstrцm Studier цver svanjungfrumotivet i Volundarkvida och annorstдdes (Malmц 1919); Cosquin Indiens 348, 387, 391ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte I 444; G. de Raille RTP IV 312; *Penzer VIII 213; Fb “jomfru” II 43, “svane” III 664a.--Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC No. 400A; Germanic: Grimm Deutsche Mythologie I 354, Krappe Mod. Lang. Review. XXI 66, MacCulloch Eddic 258ff.; Boberg; French: Sйbillot France II 198, III 207; U.S.: *Baughman.--Arabian: Burton Nights V 345ff., VIII 31 n.; Persian: Bricteaux Contes Persans 97; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Anesaki 258.--Indonesian: *DeVries’s list Nos. 151--153, Dixon 64, 138 nn. 13--18, 207ff.; Polynesian, Melanesian: ibid. 64, 138 nn. 13--18; Australian: ibid. 294f.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 356 n. 284; *Hatt Asiatic Influences 94ff.; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 364, II 12, III 74, 199, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 615, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 170, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 179, (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 95.

D361.1.1. D361.1.1. Swan Maiden finds her hidden wings and resumes her form. Types 400, 465A.--U. S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 22ff. No. 11.

D364. D364. Transformation: goose to person. *Dh II 191f; *Fb “gеs” I 528b.

D365. D365. Transformation: duck to person. (Cf. D361.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D370. D370. Transformation: fish to man. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 142 No. 96; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/194); S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 108; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 403.

D370.1. D370.1. Fish cleaned by girl becomes man. Irish myth: Cross.

D373. D373. Transformation: eel to person. Fb “еl” III 119Oa.--Tonga: Gifford 182; New Hebrides: Codrington 375; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1295).

D375. D375. Transformation: crab to man. India: Thompson-Balys.

D376. D376. Transformation: salmon to person. Irish myth: Cross (D374).

D380. D380. Transformation: insect to person.

D381. D381. Transformation: spider to man. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 168.

D382. D382. Transformation: hymenoptera to person.

D382.1. D382.1. Transformation: bee to person. Eskimo (Greenland): Thalbitzer Phonetic Study of Eskimo Language (Kшbenhavn, 1904) 2.

D382.2. D382.2. Transformation: ant to person. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 53 n. 5; Fox 121.

D390. D390. Transformation: reptiles and miscellaneous animals to persons.

D391. D391. Transformation: serpent (snake) to person. Dickson 55 n. 71.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 389, 423; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 169, 185; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 52, (Zulu): Callaway 321, (Basuto): Jacottet 134 No. 19, 146 No. 20.

D392. D392. Transformation: worm to person. Tonga: Gifford 25.

D395. D395. Transformation: frog to person. Tobler 77ff; Type 440.--Hindu: Keith 147; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 76, 78.

D396. D396. Transformation: toad to man. Chinese: Graham.

D397. D397. Transformation: lizard to person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D398. D398. Transformation: snail to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 59f.

D399. D399. Transformation: other animals than those already treated to person.

D399.1. D399.1. Transformation: water-dragon to person. (Cf. B12.)--Chinese: Werner 233.

D400-D499

D400--D499. Other forms of transformation.

D400. D400. Other forms of transformation.

D410. D410. Transformation: one animal to another. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

D411. D411. Transformation: mammal (wild) to another animal.

D411.1. D411.1. Transformation: squirrel to another animal.

D411.1.1. D411.1.1. Transformation: squirrel to horse. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йcureuil”.

D411.2. D411.2. Transformation: rat to another animal.

D411.2.1. D411.2.1. Transformation: white rat to white-winged elephant. Chinese: Werner 121.

D411.3. D411.3. Transformation: hare (rabbit) to another animal.

D411.3.1. D411.3.1. Transformation: hare to leopard. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 359 No. 12.

D411.4. D411.4. Transformation: antelope to another animal.

D411.4.1. D411.4.1. Transformation: antelope to dog. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 71 No. 15.

D411.4.2. D411.4.2. Transformation: antelope to goat. India: Thompson-Balys.

D411.5. D411.5. Transformation: monkey to other animal. Chinese: Werner 331.

D411.5.1. D411.5.1. Transformation: monkey to eagle. Chinese: Werner 363.

D411.5.2. D411.5.2. Transformation: monkey to candle-moth. Chinese: Werner 365.

D411.5.3. D411.5.3. Transformation: monkey to ant. Chinese: Werner 366.

D411.5.4. D411.5.4. Transformation: monkey to ox. Chinese: Werner 351, 360.

D411.6. D411.6. Transformation: mouse to another animal.

D411.6.1. D411.6.1. Transformation: mouse to horse. Saintyves Perrault 151ff.; Type 510.

D411.6.2. D411.6.2. Transformation: mouse to cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

D411.7. D411.7. Transformation: seal to another animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D411.7.1. D411.7.1. Transformation: seal to horse. Irish myth: Cross.

D411.8. D411.8. Transformation: fox to snake. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 228.

D411.9. D411.9. Transformation: gorilla to eagle. Africa: Milligan Jungle 100.

D411.10. D411.10. Transformation: bear to goose.

D411.10.1. D411.10.1. Parts of bears fall off and become geese. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 256f.

D412. D412. Transformation: mammal (domestic) to another animal.

D412.0.1. D412.0.1. Transformation: domestic to wild animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

D412.1. D412.1. Transformation: cat to another animal.

D412.1.1. D412.1.1. Transformation: cat to horse. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chat”.

D412.1.2. D412.1.2. Transformation: cat to toad. *Kittredge Witchcraft 178 n. 36.

D412.1.3. D412.1.3. Transformation: cat to dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

D412.2. D412.2. Transformation: cow (ox) to another animal.

D412.2.1. D412.2.1. Transformation: herd of cattle to wolves. Finnish: Kalevala rune 33.

D412.2.2. D412.2.2. Transformation: ox-demon to pig. Chinese: Werner 361.

D412.2.3. D412.2.3. Transformation: ox-demon to tiger. Chinese: Werner.

D412.2.4. D412.2.4. Transformation: ox-demon to leopard. Chinese: Werner 361.

D412.2.5. D412.2.5. Transformation: ox-demon to bear. Chinese: Werner 361.

D412.2.6. D412.2.6. Transformation: ox-demon to elephant. Chinese: Werner 361.

D412.3. D412.3. Transformation: swine becomes another animal.

D412.3.1. D412.3.1. Transformation: pig-fairy to fish. Chinese: Werner 363.

D412.3.2. D412.3.2. Transformation: pig to fish. Irish myth: Cross.

D412.3.3. D412.3.3. Transformation: boar-pigs into he-goats. *Loomis White Magic 80.

D412.3.4. D412.3.4. Transformation: sows into she-goats. *Loomis White Magic 80.

D412.3.5. D412.3.5. Transformation: pig to dragon. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 162.

D412.4. D412.4. Transformation: horse to another animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D412.4.1. D412.4.1. Transformation: packhorse to palfrey. Irish myth: Cross.

D412.5. D412.5. Transformation: dog to another animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D412.5.1. D412.5.1. Transformation: dog to dove (transformed man). Irish myth: Cross.

D412.5.2. D412.5.2. Transformation: hound to lap-dog. Irish myth: Cross.

D412.5.3. D412.5.3. Transformation: dog to otter. Irish myth: Cross.

D412.5.4. D412.5.4. Animal that is hound by day, sheep by night. Irish myth: Cross.

D412.5.5. D412.5.5. Transformation: dog to leopard. India: Thompson-Balys.

D412.5.6. D412.5.6. Transformation: dog to spider. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 226.

D412.5.7. D412.5.7. Transformation: dog to snake. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 75.

D412.6. D412.6. Transformation: ass to horse. *Loomis White Magic 80; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 89.

D412.7. D412.7. Transformation: sheep to grasshoppers. Mexico: Mendoza Santa Barbara; India: Thompson-Balys.

D413. D413. Transformation: bird to another animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D413.1. D413.1. Transformation: hawk to salmon (transformed man). Irish myth: Cross.

D413.2. D413.2. Transformation: raven to water bird. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 73.

D415. D415. Transformation: insect to another animal.

D415.1. D415.1. Transformation: mantis to another animal.

D415.1.1. D415.1.1. Transformation: mantis to hartebeest. Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 3.

D418. D418. Transformation: reptile to other animal.

D418.1. D418.1. Transformation: serpent (snake) to other animal.

D418.1.1. D418.1.1. Transformation: python to gorilla. Africa: Milligan Jungle 100.

D418.1.2. D418.1.2. Transformation: snake to dragon. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 31.

D418.1.3. D418.1.3. Transformation: serpent to mosquito. India: Thompson-Balys.

D418.2. D418.2. Transformation: worm to other animal.

D418.2.1. D418.2.1. Transformation: worm to serpent. Jewish: Neuman.

D418.2.2. D418.2.2. Transformation: worm to dog. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 72.

D419. D419. Transformation: miscellaneous animals to other animals.

D419.1. D419.1. Transformation: dragon to other animal. (Cf. B11.)

D419.1.1. D419.1.1. Transformation: sea dragon to serpent. Chinese: Werner 311.

D419.1.2. D419.1.2. Transformation: dragon to horse. Korean: Zong in-Sob 64 No. 35.

D420. D420. Transformation: animal to object. India: Thompson-Balys; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 194, 196, 323; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 185, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 639.

D421. D421. Transformation: mammal (wild) to object.

D421.1. D421.1. Transformation: wolf to object.

D421.1.1. D421.1.1. Transformation: wolf to tree. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323. No. 108.

D421.2. D421.2. Transformation: antelope to object.

D421.2.1. D421.2.1. Transformation: antelope to nut. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 71 No. 15.

D421.2.2. D421.2.2. Transformation: doe to bubble of water (enchanted woman). Irish myth: Cross.

D421.3. D421.3. Transformation: elephant to object. India: Thompson-Balys.

D421.3.1. D421.3.1. Transformation: elephant to lotus. India: Thompson-Balys.

D421.3.2. D421.3.2. Transformation: elephant to stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

D421.4. D421.4. Transformation: tiger to object.

D421.4.1. D421.4.1. Transformation: tigress to mortar. India: Thompson-Balys.

D421.5. D421.5. Transformation: deer to object.

D421.5.1. D421.5.1. Transformation: stag to wind. Chinese and Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 182f.

D421.6. D421.6. Transformation: bear to object.

D421.6.1. D421.6.1. Transformation: bear to bow. N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U. Wash. II 31.

D421.7. D421.7. Transformation: whale to object.

D421.7.1. D421.7.1. Transformation: whale to skull. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 155, (Greenland): Rink 128, Holm 44, Rasmussen II 18, III 84.

D422. D422. Transformation: mammal (domestic) to object.

D422.1. D422.1. Transformation: horse to object.

D422.1.1. D422.1.1. Transformation: horse to river. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “riviиre”.

D422.1.2. D422.1.2. Transformation: horse to stone. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D422.2. D422.2. Transformation: dog to object.

D422.2.1. D422.2.1. Transformation: dead dog to money. Fb “hund” I 676a; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3629; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 229f. No. 176, FFC CXXVIII 201f. No. 113.

D422.2.2. D422.2.2. Transformation: dog to pumpkin. India: Thompson-Balys.

D422.2.3. D422.2.3. Transformation: dog to statue. India: Thompson-Balys.

D422.3. D422.3. Transformation: pig to object. Irish myth: Cross.

D422.3.1. D422.3.1. Transformation: pig to bread. Irish myth: Cross.

D423. D423. Transformation: bird (fowl) to object.

D423.1. D423.1. Transformation: goose to object.

D423.1.1. D423.1.1. Transformation: flock of geese to stone. Fb “gеs” I 528b.

D423.2. D423.2. Transformation: quails to sticks and pebbles. India: Thompson-Balys.

D423.3. D423.3. Transformation: duck to precious stone. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 196.

D423.4. D423.4. Transformation: buzzard to door flap. Klikitat: Jacobs U. Wash. II 31.

D424. D424. Transformation: insect to object.

D424.1. D424.1. Transformation: butterfly to bamboo. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 266.

D425. D425. Transformation: reptile to object.

D425.1. D425.1. Transformation: snake to object.

D425.1.1. D425.1.1. Transformation: snake to stone. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D425.1.2. D425.1.2. Transformation: snake to jewel. India: Thompson-Balys.

D425.1.2.1. D425.1.2.1. Transformation: snake to gold. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 184.

D425.1.3. D425.1.3. Transformation: snake to garland. India: Thompson-Balys.

D425.1.4. D425.1.4. Transformation: snake to ship. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1160.

D426. D426. Transformation: fish to object.

D426.1. D426.1. Transformation: eel to object.

D426.1.1. D426.1.1. Transformation: eel to stone. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 21.

D426.1.2. D426.1.2. Transformation: eel to dry land. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/221).

D426.2. D426.2. Transformation: octopus to stone. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22.

D428. D428. Transformation: amphibian to object.

D428.1. D428.1. Transformation: frog to object.

D428.1.1. D428.1.1. Transformation: frog to tree. Chinese: Graham.

D429. D429. Transformation: animal to object--miscellaneous.

D429.1. D429.1. Transformation: water monster to Milky Way. Raratonga: Beckwith Myth 439.

D429.2. D429.2. Transformation: dragon to object. (Cf. B11.)

D429.2.1. D429.2.1. Transformation: dragon-king to gust of wind. Chinese: Werner 311.

D429.2.2. D429.2.2. Transformation: dragon to stone. Irish myth: Cross.

D429.2.2.1. D429.2.2.1. Transformation: man-eating giantess to stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

D430. D430. Transformation: object to person.

D431. D431. Transformation: vegetable form to person.

D431.1. D431.1. Transformation: flower to person. *BP II 126f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D431.1.1. D431.1.1. Transformation: rose to person. Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC 82 No. 708a; India: Thompson-Balys.

D431.1.2. D431.1.2. Transformation: carnation to person. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59 No. 425D.

D431.2. D431.2. Transformation: tree to person. Irish myth: Cross; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 263 No. 67; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 168.

D431.3. D431.3. Transformation: leaf (of tree) to person. Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 257 No. 4, (Fjort): Dennett 43 No. 6, (Upoto): Einstein 141.

D431.4. D431.4. Transformation: fruit to person. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D431.5. D431.5. Transformation: grass to person.

D431.5.1. D431.5.1. Transformation: grass to soldiers. Chinese: Graham.

D431.6. D431.6. Transformation: plant to person. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 515; Papua: Ker 131.

D431.6.1. D431.6.1. Woman emerges from plant. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D431.7. D431.7. Transformation: reed to person. Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 259.

D431.8. D431.8. Transformation: corn to person. Jewish: Neuman.

D431.9. D431.9. Transformation: root (bulb) of plant to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 168.

D431.10. D431.10. Transformation: sections of bamboo to persons. Papua: Ker 138.

D431.11. D431.11. Transformation: nut to person. Papua: Ker 86; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 121.

D432. D432. Transformation: mineral form to person. Irish myth: Cross.

D432.1. D432.1. Transformation: stone to person. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 69; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 179.

D432.2. D432.2. Transformation: shell to person.

D432.2.1. D432.2.1. Every piece of shattered cowrie-shell turns into an armed man. India: Thompson-Balys.

D432.3. D432.3. Transformation: jewel to person.

D432.3.1. D432.3.1. Transformation: ruby to person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D434. D434. Transformation: manufactured object to person.

D434.1. D434.1. Transformation: utensil to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 169.

D434.2. D434.2. Transformation: rope to person. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 465.

D434.3. D434.3. Transformation: canoe-bailer to person. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 233.

D434.4. D434.4. Transformation: coffin cover to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 168.

D435. D435. Transformation: image to person. (Cf. D445.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 213; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 517.

D435.1. D435.1. Transformation: statue to person.

D435.1.1. D435.1.1. Transformation: statue comes to life. *Type 945, cf. Type 165*; *BP III 53 n. 2; D. E. MacKay The Double Invitation in the Legend of Don Juan (1943); *Loomis White Magic 81; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”; Kцhler-Bolte I 531.--Greek: Fox 200 (Galateia); Finnish: cf. Kalevala rune 37; Germanic: MacCulloch Eddic 188; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “statue”; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *701; Hindu: Benfey Panchatantra I 490; India: Thompson-Balys; Babylonian: Meissner Babylonien und Assyrien II 96; Semitic: bin Gorion Born Judas V 180ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Indonesian: DeVries‘s list No. 184, Dixon 200, *201 n. 38; Torres Straits: Dixon 142 n. 25; German New Guinea: ibid. 141; Australian: ibid. 274; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 479, 485, 497, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 619, (Koryak): Jochelson JE VI 22, 286, 370; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 357 n. 287i, Hatt Asiatic Influences 97.

D435.1.2. D435.1.2. Transformation: dolls change to fairies when flute is played. India: Thompson-Balys.

D435.1.3. D435.1.3. Image of boy made of flowers comes to life. India: Thompson-Balys.

D435.1.4. D435.1.4. Wax prince animated by serpent becomes human being. India: Thompson-Balys.

D435.1.5. D435.1.5. Transformation: stone lion to man. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 169.

D435.2. D435.2. Transformation: picture to person.

D435.2.1. D435.2.1. Picture comes to life. Chauvin VII 101 No. 376.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 61f.; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 357 n. 287i, Hatt Asiatic Influences 100.

D436. D436. Transformation: manufactured object to person.

D436.1. D436.1. Transformation: utensil to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 169.

D436.2. D436.2. Transformation: rope to person. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 465.

D436.3. D436.3. Transformation: canoe-bailer to person. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 233.

D436.4. D436.4. Transformation: coffin cover to person. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 168.

D437. D437. Transformation: part of animal or person to person.

D437.1. D437.1. Human bone transforms self to person. Africa (Pahouine): Largeau 198.

D437.2. D437.2. Animal bone transforms self to person. Papua: Ker 13.

D437.3. D437.3. Transformation: feather to person. Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5.

D437.4. D437.4. Transformation: excrements to person. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 85.

D437.5. D437.5. Transformation: spittle to person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D439. D439. Transformation: miscellaneous objects to persons.

D439.1. D439.1. Transformation: tow to person. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “filasse”.

D439.2. D439.2. Transformation: coal to person. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87.

D439.3. D439.3. Transformation: water bubble to person. Jewish: Neuman.

D439.4. D439.4. Transformation: egg to person. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 384.

D439.4.1. D439.4.1. Woman emerges from egg. India: Thompson-Balys.

D439.5. D439.5. Transformation: heavenly body to person.

D439.5.1. D439.5.1. Transformation: moon to person. Samoa: Clark 118; S. A. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 150.

D439.5.2. D439.5.2. Transformation: star to person. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 15 n. 2, 109.

D439.6. D439.6. Fire takes the form of a woman and runs away. India: Thompson-Balys.

D440. D440. Transformation: object to animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

D441. D441. Transformation: vegetable form to animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D441.1. D441.1. Transformation: tree to animal. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”; BP I 146f.

D441.2. D441.2. Transformation: fruit to animal.

D441.2.1. D441.2.1. Transformation: fruit to birds. Trees grow fruits. Those which fall on ground ripen and are normal; those that fall into water become birds and fly away.--*Pauli (ed. Bolte) II 445 No. 879.

D441.3. D441.3. Transformation: branch of tree to animal. S. A. Indian (Ceuici): Alexander Lat. Am. 304.

D441.3.1. D441.3.1. Transformation: faggots to chargers. India: Thompson-Balys.

D441.3.2. D441.3.2. Transformation: log to bear. India: Thompson-Balys.

D441.4. D441.4. Transformation: plant to animal. Jewish: Neuman.

D441.4.1. D441.4.1. Transformation: fern to animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D441.5. D441.5. Transformation: leaves to animal.

D441.5.1. D441.5.1. Transformation: leaves to eels. New Hebrides: Codrington 396.

D441.5.2. D441.5.2. Transformation: banana leaf to fish. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 71.

D441.6. D441.6. Transformation: embers into animal. (Cf. D562.2)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D441.6.1. D441.6.1. Transformation: ashes into animals.

D441.7. D441.7. Transformation: sticks of wood to animal. Jewish: Neuman; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 17, 33, 52, 58; S. A. Indian (Apapocuvъ-Guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138.

D441.7.1. D441.7.1. Transformation: rod to serpent. Hebrew: Exodus 7:10.

D441.8. D441.8. Transformation: piece of cotton to snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

D441.9. D441.9. Transformation: straw to snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

D441.9.1. D441.9.1. Transformation: wisp of hay to horse. (Cf. D451.5.7.)--Gering Islendzk Жfentyri II 167; Grimm Irische Elfenmдrchen No. 11.--Malay: Hambruch Malaiische Mдrchen 215.

D441.10. D441.10. Transformation: chips of wood to animal. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152.

D442. D442. Transformation: mineral form to animal.

D442.1. D442.1. Transformation: stone to animal. Irish myth: Cross (D449.6); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 163, 228.

D442.2. D442.2. Transformation: earth (dirt) to animal. India: Thompson-Balys (D446.1.)

D442.2.1. D442.2.1. Transformation: earth to lice. Jewish: Neuman.

D442.2.2. D442.2.2. Transformation: grave to animal. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 21.

D442.3. D442.3. Transformation: gold to animal. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 229f.

D444. D444. Transformation: manufactured object to animal.

D444.1. D444.1. Transformation: money of the hard-hearted to scorpions. (Cf. D444.2, D444.4, D469.11, D471.1).--Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXIX 69; cf. BP III 168, 462.

D444.2. D444.2. Transformation: meat to toad. Punishment for ungrateful son. Dh IV 262; Japanese: Ikeda.

D444.3. D444.3. Transformation: pill to white rabbit. Chinese: Werner 185.

D444.4. D444.4. Transformation: bread to serpents. (Cf. D444.1, D444.2, D469.11, D471.1.)--BP III 462.

D444.5. D444.5. Transformation: book-satchel to bird. Irish myth: Cross.

D444.6. D444.6. Transformation: drinking horn to dragon. Norse: Herrmann Saxo Gr. II 596.

D444.7. D444.7. Transformation: armring to serpent. Norse: Herrmann Saxo Gr. II 596.

D444.8. D444.8. Transformation: mortar to tigress. India: Thompson-Balys.

D444.9. D444.9. Transformation: pouch to parts of body of ptarmigan. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 320.

D444.10. D444.10. Transformation: dress to animal.

D444.10.1. D444.10.1. Transformation: dress to butterfly. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 264.

D444.10.2. D444.10.2. Transformation: mitten to dog. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 510.

D444.10.3. D444.10.3. Duck’s sandals transformed to part of his feet. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

D444.11. D444.11. Transformation: oars and masts to serpents. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 333 n. 1.

D445. D445. Transformation: image of animal vivified. (Cf. D435)--Dh. II 72ff.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 234; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 357 n. 287i.

D445.1. D445.1. Image of horse vivified. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 231f.

D445.1.1. D445.1.1. Image of horse will be vivified only for one person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D445.2. D445.2. Images of parrots vivified. India: Thompson-Balys.

D445.3. D445.3. Image of golden calf vivified. Jewish: Neuman.

D447. D447. Transformation: parts of animal or human body to animal.

D447.1. D447.1. Transformation: hair to animal.

D447.1.1. D447.1.1. Transformation: hair to monkey. Chinese: Werner 366.

D447.1.2. D447.1.2. Transformation: hair to insect. Chinese: Werner 364.

D447.1.3. D447.1.3. Transformation: hair to serpent. Sйbillot France III 257; Eitrem Opferritus und Voropfer der Griechen und Rцmer 359.--England, U.S.: Baughman.

D447.2. D447.2. Transformation: skull to water-monster. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 115 No. 9.

D447.3. D447.3. Transformation: blood to animal.

D447.3.1. D447.3.1. Transformation: blood drops to toads. India: Thompson-Balys.

D447.3.1.1. D447.3.1.1. Transformation: blood drops to serpents. Greek: Fox 34.

D447.3.2. D447.3.2. Transformation: blood of gorgon to flying horse. Greek: Grote I 7.

D447.4. D447.4. Transformation: fishtail to shark. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 134.

D447.5. D447.5. Transformation: toes of sorceress to dogs. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 248.

D447.6. D447.6. Transformation: tooth to fox. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 185.

D447.7. D447.7. Transformation: pig‘s bones to pig. Papua: Ker 13.

D447.8. D447.8. Transformation: bone to dog. Eskimo (Greenland) Rasmussen III 119.

D447.9. D447.9. Parts of sorcerer’s body turn into serpents. Icelandic: Boberg.

D447.10. D447.10. Transformation: brain to giant serpent. Irish myth: Cross (D449.7).

D449. D449. Transformation: miscellaneous objects to animals.

D449.1. D449.1. Magic charm turns sweets into bugs. (Cf. D522). India: Thompson-Balys.

D449.2. D449.2. Transformation: corpse to serpent. Jewish: Neuman.

D449.3. D449.3. Transformation: treasure to ducks. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 196.

D449.4. D449.4. Transformation: snow to dogs. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 324.

D450--D499.

D450--D499. TRANSFORMATION: OBJECT TO OBJECT

D450. D450. Transformation: object to another object. India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

D451. D451. Transformation of vegetable form.

D451.1. D451.1. Transformation: tree to other object. *Loomis White Magic 95; Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

D451.1.0.1. D451.1.0.1. Transformation: branch of tree to palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

D451.1.1. D451.1.1. Transformation: ash to hazel. Irish myth: Cross (D469.17).

D451.2. D451.2. Transformation: plant to other object. Irish myth: Cross (D452).

D451.2.1. D451.2.1. Transformation: rush to leek. Irish myth: Cross (D462.1).

D451.2.1.1. D451.2.1.1. Transformation: rushes to grain. Irish myth: Cross (D462.1.1).

D451.2.2. D451.2.2. Transformation: wheat to barley. Irish myth: Cross (D462.2).

D451.2.3. D451.2.3. Transformation: oats to wheat. Irish myth: Cross (D462.3).

D451.2.4. D451.2.4. Transformation: cotton to leaves. India: Thompson-Balys.

D451.3. D451.3. Transformation: fruit to other object. Irish myth: Cross (D463).

D451.3.1. D451.3.1. Transformation: apples to grain. Irish myth: Cross (D463.1).

D451.3.2. D451.3.2. Transformation: coconut to philosopher‘s stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

D451.3.3. D451.3.3. Transformation: pumpkin to carriage. Type 410.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “carosse”; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D451.3.4. D451.3.4. Transformation: apples to pig bristles (frog legs). German: Grimm No. 165.

D451.4. D451.4. Transformation: flowers to other object.

D451.4.0.1. D451.4.0.1. Transformation: flowers to gold beads. India: Thompson-Balys.

D451.4.1. D451.4.1. Transformation: lotus to human hand. Penzer VIII 54.

D451.4.2. D451.4.2. Hibiscus blossom transformed to canoe. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 405.

D451.5. D451.5. Transformation: grass to other object.

D451.5.1. D451.5.1. Transformation: blade of grass to horse. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 63 No. 12.

D451.5.2. D451.5.2. Transformation: blade of grass to knife. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 63 No. 12.

D451.5.3. D451.5.3. Transformation: blade of grass to gun. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 63 No. 12.

D451.5.4. D451.5.4. Transformation: grass to beard. Irish myth: Cross (D457.4).

D451.5.5. D451.5.5. Transformation: pieces of grass turned into stone steps. Chinese: Graham.

D451.5.6. D451.5.6. Transformation: roll of grass into gold. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 210.

D451.5.7. D451.5.7. Transformation: wisp of hay to bridge.--Maliseet: Mechling JAFL XXVI 251.

D451.6. D451.6. Transformation: stick (log) to other object.

D451.6.1. D451.6.1. Transformation: wand to other object.

D451.6.1.1. D451.6.1.1. Transformation: wand to bridge. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pont”.--Cherokee: Mooney RBAE XIX 319 No. 67.

D451.6.2. D451.6.2. Stick thrust in ground changes into spirit hut. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 62.

D451.6.3. D451.6.3. Transformation: stick to weapon. Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

D451.7. D451.7. Transformation: nut to another object.

D451.7.1. D451.7.1. Transformation: nut to palace. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 54 No. 400B.

D451.8. D451.8. Transformation: leaf to another object. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 109; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 478.

D451.8.1. D451.8.1. Transformation: leaves to cotton. India: Thompson-Balys.

D451.8.2. D451.8.2. Transformation: leaf to knife. Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

D451.9. D451.9. Transformation: vegetable to other object.

D451.9.1. D451.9.1. Transformation: peas to stones. (Cf. D444.4, D471.1.)--BP III 462.

D452. D452. Transformation of mineral form.

D452.1. D452.1. Transformation: rock (stone) to other object.

D452.1.1. D452.1.1. Transformation: rock to hut. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 83.

D452.1.2. D452.1.2. Transformation: stone to mountain. Regular in D672, where references are given.

D452.1.3. D452.1.3. Transformation: stone to salt. *Loomis White Magic 81; Irish myth: *Cross (D456.3); Jewish: Neuman.

D452.1.4. D452.1.4. Transformation: stone into jewel. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1670.

D452.1.5. D452.1.5. Transformation: rock to glass. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D452.1.6. D452.1.6. Transformation: stones to peas.

D452.1.6.1. D452.1.6.1. Christ asks woman what she is cooking; she replies that she is boiling stones to make her children think they are peas and that they will have food. Christ changes the stones to peas. England: Baughman.

D452.1.7. D452.1.7. Transformation: stone to firebrand. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 71.

D452.1.8. D452.1.8. Transformation: stone to island. Tonga: Gifford 191.

D452.1.9. D452.1.9. Transformation: stone to pillow. Jewish: Neuman.

D452.1.10. D452.1.10. Transformation: rock to water. Jewish: Neuman.

D452.1.11. D452.1.11. Transformation: stones to weapons. Jewish: Neuman.

D452.1.12. D452.1.12. Transformation: stones to dust. Jewish: Neuman.

D452.2. D452.2. Transformation: shell to another object.

D452.2.1. D452.2.1. Transformation: shell to boat. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”.

D452.3. D452.3. Transformation: sand to another object.

D452.3.1. D452.3.1. Transformation: sand to rice. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 82.

D452.4. D452.4. Transformation: earth (dirt) to another object.

D452.4.1. D452.4.1. Transformation: dirt to pepper. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 71.

D454. D454. Transformation of manufactured object.

D454.1. D454.1. Transformation: box to another object.

D454.1.1. D454.1.1. Transformation: box to carriage. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 72 No. 557.

D454.1.2. D454.1.2. Transformation: box to ship. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “boоte”.

D454.2. D454.2. Transformation: bread to another object. (Cf. D471).

D454.2.1. D454.2.1. Transformation: bread to flower. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fleur”.

D454.2.2. D454.2.2. Bread tree springs from crumb of bread. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.3. D454.3. Transformation: clothing to other object.

D454.3.1. D454.3.1. Transformation: one article of clothing to another. Irish myth: Cross (D469.16).

D454.3.1.1. D454.3.1.1. White chasuble suddenly turned into red. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D454.3.2. D454.3.2. Transformation: handkerchief to other object.

D454.3.2.1. D454.3.2.1. Transformation: handkerchief with three knots to clod, potsherd, and charcoal. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.3.2.2. D454.3.2.2. Transformation: handkerchief with three knots to golden leopard, golden snake, and golden monkey. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.3.3. D454.3.3. Transformation: belt to bridge. N. A. Indian (Quinault): Farrand JE II 115.

D454.3.4. D454.3.4. Transformation: cloak to other object.

D454.3.4.1. D454.3.4.1. Transformation: cloak to mountain. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/420).

D454.3.4.2. D454.3.4.2. Transformation: cloak to vessel. Saintyves Saints Successeurs 254f.

D454.4. D454.4. Transformation: needle to other object. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.4.1. D454.4.1. Transformation: thread to other object. Africa (Vai): Ellis 191 No. 8.

D454.5. D454.5. Transformation: milk sack to other object.

D454.5.1. D454.5.1. Transformation: milk sack to sheet of water. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87.

D454.6. D454.6. Transformation: pot to other object. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 88.

D454.6.1. D454.6.1. Transformation: bowl to other object. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.7. D454.7. Transformation: brush to mountain. German: Grimm No. 79.

D454.7.1. D454.7.1. Transformation: comb to mountain. German: Grimm No. 79.

D454.8. D454.8. Transformation: ornament to other object.

D454.8.1. D454.8.1. Transformation: necklace to other object. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.8.2. D454.8.2. Transformation: ring to other object.

D454.8.2.1. D454.8.2.1. Transformation: ring to saber. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”.

D454.9. D454.9. Transformation: weapon to other object.

D454.9.1. D454.9.1. Transformation: spear to other object.

D454.9.1.1. D454.9.1.1. Transformation: spear becomes mighty tree when driven into ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.9.2. D454.9.2. Transformation: sling-stick to boat. Irish myth: Cross (D469.18).

D454.10. D454.10. Transformation: ship to other object.

D454.10.1. D454.10.1. Transformation: ship to mountains. Maori: Beckwith Myth 467.

D454.10.2. D454.10.2. Transformation: canoe into rock. Tonga: Gifford 76.

D454.11. D454.11. Transformation: writing tablets to bundle. Irish myth: Cross (D469.15).

D454.12. D454.12. Transformation: mirror to glass mountain. German: Grimm No. 79.

D454.13. D454.13. Transformation: pieces of chalk into tins of oil. India: Thompson-Balys.

D454.14. D454.14. Transformation: ink to beams of light. Jewish: Neuman.

D454.15. D454.15. Transformation: statue to drinking vessels. Jewish: Neuman.

D454.16. D454.16. Transformation: instruments of torture to lotus flowers. Chinese: Werner 268.

D457. D457. Transformed parts of person or animal to object.

D457.1. D457.1. Transformation: blood to another object.

D457.1.1. D457.1.1. Transformation: blood to rubies. Turns to rubies as it drops. *Cosquin RTP XXVIII 194, *Contes indiens 18ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D457.1.2. D457.1.2. Transformation: blood to milk. Bird caught and told to make milk bleeds and blood turns to milk. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 34 No. 1.

D457.1.3. D457.1.3. Transformation: drops of blood to flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

D457.2. D457.2. Transformation: milk to blood. Irish myth: *Cross (D454.2.1).

D457.3. D457.3. Transformation: calf’s head to death‘s head. *BP I 276 n. 2, II 535; Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “tкte”.

D457.4. D457.4. Transformation: hair to other object. Jewish: Neuman.

D457.4.1. D457.4.1. Transformation: hair to stream. *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

D457.4.2. D457.4.2. Transformation: hair to forest. *Fb “hеr” I 771b; Jewish: Neuman.

D457.4.3. D457.4.3. Transformation: hair to bridge. Kцhler-Bolte I 195.

D457.5. D457.5. Transformation: meat to other object.

D457.5.1. D457.5.1. Transformation: stolen meat to roses. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D457.5.2. D457.5.2. Meat received from spirits transformed to banana leaves. Africa (Wachaga): Gutman 105.

D457.6. D457.6. Transformation: scurf from body to palm tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

D457.7. D457.7. Transformation: feather to tree. Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5.

D457.8. D457.8. Transformation: tooth to ax head. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Norse: Herrmann Saxo II 596.

D457.9. D457.9. Transformation: finger to ax handle. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 131 No. 89.

D457.9.1. D457.9.1. Transformation: cut-off hand to plant. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 130 No. 85.

D457.10. D457.10. Transformation: moustache into grass. (Cf. D562.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D457.11. D457.11. Transformation: eye to another object.

D457.11.1. D457.11.1. Transformation: bull’s eye to hornets. India: Thompson-Balys.

D457.11.2. D457.11.2. Transformation: eyeballs to torches. Jewish: Neuman.

D457.12. D457.12. Transformation: bone to other object.

D457.12.1. D457.12.1. Transformation: bone-dust becomes blazing fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

D457.12.2. D457.12.2. Transformation: bone to skeleton. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 26.

D457.13. D457.13. Transformation: animal dung to other object. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 82.

D457.14. D457.14. Transformation: tongue to other object.

D457.14.1. D457.14.1. Transformation: ogress‘s tongue to surfboard. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 194.

D457.14.2. D457.14.2. Transformation: tongue to flame. Jewish: Neuman.

D457.15. D457.15. Transformation: animal heart to other object.

D457.15.1. D457.15.1. Transformation: fox’s heart to rattle. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 138.

D457.16. D457.16. Transformation: saint‘s relics to other object.

D457.16.1. D457.16.1. Saint’s relics assume form of Buddha. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 500f.

D457.17. D457.17. Transformation: flesh to other object.

D457.17.1. D457.17.1. Transformation: flesh to fire. Jewish: Neuman.

D457.18. D457.18. Transformation: tears to other object.

D457.18.1. D457.18.1. Transformation: tears to fountain. Jewish: Neuman.

D457.18.2. D457.18.2. Transformation: tears to river. Jewish: Neuman.

D457.19. D457.19. Transformation: ear tips (animal) into pelts. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 471, 541.

D469. D469. Transformation: miscellaneous object to other objects.

D469.1. D469.1. Transformation: egg to mist. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87.

D469.1.1. D469.1.1. Transformation: egg to house. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 83.

D469.2. D469.2. Transformation: smoke to bridge. Africa (Vai): Ellis 191 No. 8.

D469.3. D469.3. Transformation: chain of arrows to bridge. Africa (Vai): Ellis 191 No.8.

D469.4. D469.4. Transformation: sea-scum to ice. Eskimo (Greenland) Rasmussen III 260.

D469.5. D469.5. Transformation: furnace of fire to garden. Jewish: Neuman.

D470. D470. Transformation: material of object changed. India: Thompson-Balys.

D471. D471. Transformation: object to stone.

D471.1. D471.1. Transformation: bread to stone. As punishment. (Cf. D441.1, D444.2, D444.4, D476.)--Type 368*; *BP III 168, 462; Fb “sten” III 553b, 554a; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1599; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D471.2. D471.2. Transformation: house to stone. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 212 No. 41, 398 No. 70, 409 No. 73.

D471.2.1. D471.2.1. Transformation: house-door to stone. N. A. Indian (Shasta): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 216 No. 6.

D471.3. D471.3. Transformation: ship to stone. Greek: Fox 211.

D471.4. D471.4. Transformation: cheese to stone. *Loomis White Magic 79; Irish myth: *Cross.

D471.4.1. D471.4.1. Transformation: milk to stone. *Loomis White Magic 79.

D471.5. D471.5. Transformation: salt to stone. Irish myth: Cross.

D471.6. D471.6. Transformation: tree to stone. Irish myth: Cross.

D471.7. D471.7. Transformation: poison to stone. Irish myth: Cross.

D471.8. D471.8. Animals turned into stones. *Loomis White Magic 80f.

D471.8.1. D471.8.1. Stolen chickens turned to stones in cooking. *Loomis White Magic 79.

D471.9. D471.9. A candle becomes stone. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D471.10. D471.10. Water becomes rocks. (Cf. D478). Jewish: Neuman.

D472. D472. Transformation: object to muck.

D472.1. D472.1. Transformation: food to muck. As punishment. Fb “mog” II 603; India: Thompson-Balys.

D473. D473. Transformation: object to wood.

D473.1. D473.1. Transformation: sword to wood. Chauvin V 173 No. 96 n. 1.

D474. D474. Transformation: object becomes bloody. Irish myth: *Cross.

D474.1. D474.1. Transformation: key becomes bloody. *Type 311, 312; BP I 404ff.

D474.2. D474.2. Transformation: water becomes bloody. Loomis White Magic 78; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 358.

D474.3. D474.3. Transformation: cake becomes bloody. Irish myth: *Cross.

D474.4. D474.4. Egg becomes bloody. German: Grimm No. 46.

D474.5. D474.5. Transformation: butter (milk) to blood. Irish myth: *Cross.

D474.6. D474.6. Tears change to blood. Jewish: Neuman.

D474.7. D474.7. Spittle changes to blood. Jewish: Neuman.

D474.8. D474.8. Fruit juice turns to blood. Jewish: Neuman.

D474.9. D474.9. Eyes of stone lion become bloody. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 83.

D475. D475. Transformation: object to treasure (or vice versa).

D475.1. D475.1. Transformation: objects to gold. Encyc. Religion and Ethics s.v. “Alchemy”; *Loomis White Magic 79, 81.--Irish: Cross, Plummer xliv, clxxxv; German: Hartland Science 49; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 383.

D475.1.1. D475.1.1. Transformation: coals to gold. Fb. “kul”, “guld”.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 80.

D475.1.1.1. D475.1.1.1. Transformation: ashes to gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.2. D475.1.2. Transformation: shavings to gold. Fb “hшvlspеn”.

D475.1.3. D475.1.3. Transformation: dead leaves to gold. Grimm Deutsche Mythologie 2, 246, 452.

D475.1.3.1. D475.1.3.1. Banyan leaves turn to gold. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1262.

D475.1.4. D475.1.4. Transformation: spittle to gold. Hindu: Williams 11.

D475.1.5. D475.1.5. Transformation: fire to gold. Fb “ild” II 11b.

D475.1.6. D475.1.6. Transformation: rice to gold. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 180ff.

D475.1.6.1. D475.1.6.1. Transformation: grain to gold. *Loomis White Magic 79; Irish myth: **Cross.

D475.1.7. D475.1.7. Transformation: brick (tile) to gold. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 382.

D475.1.8. D475.1.8. Transformation: earth to gold. Fb “jord” II 45b.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.9. D475.1.9. Transformation: copper to gold. India: Penzer III 162 n.

D475.1.10. D475.1.10. Transformation: hair to gold. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.11. D475.1.11. Paste (smeared on princess’s body) turns to gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.12. D475.1.12. Transformation: putrescence to gold. Irish myth: *Cross.

D475.1.13. D475.1.13. Mucus turns to gold to reward piety. Irish myth: Cross.

D475.1.14. D475.1.14. Transformation: bottle to gold. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D475.1.15. D475.1.15. Transformation: palace to gold. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 210.

D475.1.16. D475.1.16. Transformation: food to gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.17. D475.1.17. Transformation: axe becomes golden. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.18. D475.1.18. Transformation: flowers to gold and silver. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.19. D475.1.19. Transformation: leaves on which meal is served turn to gold plates. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.1.20. D475.1.20. Transformation: straw to gold. German: Grimm No. 55.

D475.1.21. D475.1.21. Transformation: fingernails to gold. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 165 No. 108.

D475.2. D475.2. Transformation: object to money (or vice versa).

D475.2.1. D475.2.1. Transformation: stones to gold coins. Tobler 71.

D475.2.2. D475.2.2. Transformation: water to money. Africa (Kpelle): Westermann Zs. f. afrikan., ozean., u. ostasiat. Spr. VI 161 No. 29a.

D475.2.3. D475.2.3. Transformation: money to ashes (leaves). Fb “penge”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.2.4. D475.2.4. Transformation: money to pewter. Chinese: Werner 373.

D475.3. D475.3. Transformation: objects to silver.

D475.3.1. D475.3.1. Transformation: earth to silver. Africa (Mossi): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 274ff. No. 20.

D475.3.2. D475.3.2. Tin changed into silver. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D475.3.3. D475.3.3. Transformation: stone to silver. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D475.3.4. D475.3.4. Transformation: iron in axe to silver. German: Grimm No. 99.

D475.3.5. D475.3.5. Transformation: silver dish becomes wooden. Irish myth: Cross (D479.16).

D475.4. D475.4. Transformation: object to jewels (or vice versa). *Loomis White Magic 81.

D475.4.1. D475.4.1. Transformation: stones into jewels. *Loomis White Magic 81; India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.4.2. D475.4.2. Transformation: lice into gems. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D475.4.3. D475.4.3. Transformation: dishes to jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.4.4. D475.4.4. Transformation: peas to pearls. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.4.5. D475.4.5. Tears become jewels. German: Grimm No. 179; Greek: Grote 134; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.4.6. D475.4.6. Transformation: fingernails into jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.4.7. D475.4.7. Transformation: hairs to jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

D475.4.8. D475.4.8. Water dripping off person becomes agates. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 43, 55.

D475.4.9. D475.4.9. Oil changed to jewels. Jewish: Neuman.

D475.5. D475.5. A cup of marble changed into one of crystal. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476. D476. Food transformed.

D476.1. D476.1. Inedible substance transformed into edible.

D476.1.1. D476.1.1. Bread made from mud. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476.1.2. D476.1.2. Loaf of bread made from the leaf of a tree. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476.1.3. D476.1.3. Wood turned into grain. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476.1.4. D476.1.4. Lard made from tree bark. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476.1.5. D476.1.5. Butter made from nettles. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476.1.6. D476.1.6. Pancakes made of snow. *Loomis White Magic 78.

D476.1.7. D476.1.7. Rock changed into milk. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476.1.8. D476.1.8. Stream changed to egg. Jewish: Neuman.

D476.1.9. D476.1.9. Transformation: ice becomes grease. N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 270, (Crow): Lowie PaAM XXV 23ff., (Southern Ute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 11 No. 5.

D476.1.10. D476.1.10. Bone-powder changed into cheese. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D476.1.11. D476.1.11. Transformation: sand to rice. India: Thompson-Balys.

D476.2. D476.2. Edible substance changed to inedible.

D476.2.1. D476.2.1. Transformation: food to dust. Jewish: Neuman.

D476.2.2. D476.2.2. Cooked meat changed to raw. (Cf. D476.4.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D476.2.3. D476.2.3. Milk transformed into other substance. *Loomis White Magic 79.

D476.2.3.1. D476.2.3.1. Milk transformed into blood. *Loomis White Magic 79.

D476.2.3.2. D476.2.3.2. Milk transformed into lye. *Loomis White Magic 79.

D476.2.4. D476.2.4. Transformation: sugar to ashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

D476.3. D476.3. Meat transformed.

D476.3.1. D476.3.1. Meat takes on taste of any dainty desired. Jewish: Neuman.

D476.3.2. D476.3.2. Bacon changed to iron. Irish myth: Cross (D479.5).

D476.3.2.1. D476.3.2.1. Bacon changed to different foods. Loomis White Magic 79; Irish myth: *Cross (D479.5.1).

D476.3.3. D476.3.3. Transformation: horse meat to mutton. Irish myth: Cross (D479.6).

D476.3.4. D476.3.4. Meat miraculously turned into fish on a feast day, and vice versa. *Loomis White Magic 79.

D476.4. D476.4. Bread becomes cake. German: Grimm No. 64.

D477. D477. Transformation: object becomes wine (or vice versa). Irish myth: *Cross.

D477.0.1. D477.0.1. Wine miraculously changed into other object. *Loomis White Magic 78.

D477.0.1.1. D477.0.1.1. Wine becomes blood (Cf. D471.4.1).--*Loomis White Magic 78.

D477.0.1.2. D477.0.1.2. Wine becomes honey. *Loomis White Magic 78.

D477.0.1.3. D477.0.1.3. Spiced wine becomes bitter. Jewish: Neuman.

D477.1. D477.1. Transformation: water becomes wine. Fb “vand” III 1000a.; St. John 2:9; Grimm Deutsche Mythologie I 486; Hartland Science 69; Farnell Cults of the Greek States V 156; Wuttke Volksaberglaube (Berlin 1900) 66ff.; *Toldo VI 310ff.; *Saintyves Essais 206ff.; Gьnter 246 s.v. “Wein”; *Loomis White Magic 78; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D477.1.1. D477.1.1. Devil takes man waiting for water to turn to wine at midnight on Old Christmas Eve. U. S.: Baughman.

D477.1.2. D477.1.2. Woman loses eye when she goes to well at midnight on Old Christmas Eve when the water turns to wine. England: Baughman.

D477.2. D477.2. Transformation: brine becomes wine. Irish myth: Cross.

D477.3. D477.3. Beer becomes wine. German: Grimm No. 64.

D478. D478. Water changed to other substance (or vice versa).

D478.1. D478.1. Transformation: water to milk. Irish myth: *Cross (D479.4); Sйbillot France II 213.

D478.2. D478.2. Transformation: water to ale. Irish myth: *Cross (D479.4.1).

D478.3. D478.3. Transformation: water to fire. Irish myth: *Cross (D479.4.2); Jewish: Neuman.

D478.4. D478.4. Transformation: water to marvelous drink. Irish myth: *Cross (D479.4.3).

D478.5. D478.5. Transformation: water to honey. *Loomis White Magic 78; Irish myth: *Cross (D479.4.4).

D478.6. D478.6. Transformation: water to mead. Irish myth: *Cross (D479.4.5).

D478.7. D478.7. Transformation: water changed into oil. *Loomis White Magic 78.

D478.8. D478.8. Water changed into balsam. *Loomis White Magic 78.

D478.9. D478.9. Water in river transformed to copper by magician. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D478.10. D478.10. Salty water turned into fresh liquid. *Loomis White Magic 78; Jewish: Neuman.

D478.11. D478.11. Transformation: water to butter and cream. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 460.

D478.12. D478.12. Transformation: water to rocks. Jewish: Neuman.

D478.13. D478.13. Transformation: water to brimstone. Jewish: Neuman.

D478.14. D478.14. Boiling pitch reduced to cold water. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D479. D479. Transformation: miscellaneous objects change material.

D479.1. D479.1. Transformation: bog to flowery mead (through power of saint). Irish myth: Cross (D479.6).

D479.2. D479.2. Transformation: iron tools to earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

D479.3. D479.3. Transformation: magic charm makes root bitter. India: Thompson-Balys.

D479.4. D479.4. Transformation: goose egg becomes hen‘s egg. Irish myth: Cross (D479.17).

D479.5. D479.5. Transformation: basket of things to iron. India: Thompson-Balys.

D479.6. D479.6. Wax turned into earth. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D479.7. D479.7. Evil smells transformed into sweet fragrances, and vice versa. *Loomis White Magic 81.

D479.8. D479.8. Hut transformed into golden palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

D480. D480. Size of object transformed. Irish myth: Cross.

D480.0.1. D480.0.1. Things miraculously stretched or shortened if needed by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 89.

D482. D482. Stretching objects.

D482.1. D482.1. Transformation: stretching tree. A tree magically shoots upward.--India: Thompson-Balys; Batak: Warneck Religion der Batak 50; Melanesian: Codrington 165.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 332 n. 199; S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 35; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 188, 306.

D482.2. D482.2. Stretching lily plant. Miraculously quick growing. India: Thompson-Balys.

D482.3. D482.3. Magic stretching lance (Cf. D1086). Jewish: Neuman.

D482.4. D482.4. Transformation: stretching cliff. A cliff magically shoots up into the air. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “precipice”.--Hawaii: Dixon 90; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 76.

D482.5. D482.5. Stretching sepulchre. Magically becomes longer. Irish myth: Cross (D484).

D482.5.1. D482.5.1. Grave equals five times length of any person‘s foot. Irish myth: Cross (D484.1).

D482.5.2. D482.5.2. Tomb gate magically enlarged. Jewish: Neuman.

D483. D483. Sea formed from giant’s spittle. (Cf. D1001.)--Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen II 285.

D483.1. D483.1. River expands and becomes sea. S. A. Indian (Apapocuvъ-Guaranн): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 138.

D485. D485. Transformation: stretching fingers to make ladder. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D486. D486. Person becomes larger.

D486.1. D486.1. Demon becomes larger. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z--G. 13/420).

D487. D487. Animal becomes larger.

D487.1. D487.1. Snake grows to 300 leagues length. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 859.

D487.2. D487.2. Monkey becomes 100,000 feet high. Chinese: Werner 361.

D487.3. D487.3. Ox-demon becomes 10,000 feet long. Chinese: Werner 361.

D488. D488. Houses magically made larger. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 219.

D489. D489. Objects made larger--miscellaneous.

D489.1. D489.1. Small leaves become larger. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1205.

D489.2. D489.2. Amulet enlarged to become cloak. Jewish: Neuman.

D490. D490. Miscellaneous forms of transformation.

D491. D491. Compressible objects. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 336 n. 210a.

D491.1. D491.1. Compressible magic animals.

D491.1.1. D491.1.1. Herd of cattle put into magic cup. (Cf. B182.)--Greek: Fox 86.

D491.1.2. D491.1.2. Magic folding mule. Folds up like a sheet of paper. (Cf. B184.1.)--Chinese: Werner 294.

D491.1.3. D491.1.3. Magic dog shrinks in size. Irish myth: Cross.

D491.2. D491.2. Compressible magic objects.

D491.2.1. D491.2.1. Compressible magic box.

D491.2.1.1. D491.2.1.1. Compressible magic box containing many people and objects. East Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 134ff. No. 13.

D491.2.2. D491.2.2. Compressible table. Irish myth: *Cross.

D491.3. D491.3. Saint confined a large quantity of water in a small ditch. *Loomis White Magic 41.

D491.4. D491.4. Iceflake made small by magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 270.

D491.5. D491.5. Castle magically made smaller. German: Grimm No. 163.

D491.6. D491.6. Twelve stones unite to make one. Jewish: Neuman.

D491.7. D491.7. Ship becomes small boat. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T--G 3/900).

D492. D492. Color of object changed.

D492.1. D492.1. Cock‘s comb becomes white. Jewish: Neuman.

D492.2. D492.2. Blood turns black. Jewish: Neuman.

D492.3. D492.3. Color of hair suddenly changed. Jewish: Neuman.

D493. D493. Spirit changes to animal. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T--G 3/1001, z-G. 3/1353).

D494. D494. Transformation: person to monster. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 154.

D500--D599.

D500--D599. Means of transformation.

D500. D500. Means of transformation--general.

D502. D502. Inability to transform self in presence of others. Chinese: Graham.

D510. D510. Transformation by breaking tabu. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 468; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 154.

D511. D511. Transformation by breaking name tabu. (Cf. C430.)

D511.1. D511.1. Man calls wife “my swallow”; she becomes swallow. (Cf. A1917.)--Dh III 414.

D512. D512. Transformation by expressing astonishment at marvel. India: Thompson-Balys.

D512.1. D512.1. Transformation when one expresses astonishment at smith drawing water in an egg-shell. (Cf. C491.)--*Kцhler-Bolte I 220.

D513. D513. Transformation by violation of looking tabu. (Cf. C300.)

D513.1. D513.1. Man looks at copulating snakes: transformed to woman. (Cf. D12.)--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 364 n. 1.

D515. D515. Transformation by plucking flowers in enchanted garden. Type 451.

D516. D516. Transformation through excessive grief. Greek: Roscher s.v. “Itys”; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Thompson): Alexander N. Am. 137.

D517. D517. Transformation because of disobedience. India: Thompson-Balys.

D518. D518. Woman transformed for nourishing an animal. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 176, (Greenland): Rink 413, Rasmussen III 81, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 638.

D520. D520. Transformation through power of the word.

D521. D521. Transformation through wish. Type 451; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 398 No. 70, 409 No. 73, (Shasta): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 216 No. 6; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 172.

D521.1. D521.1. Transformation through thoughtless wish of parent. BP I 430 (Grimm Nos. 9, 27, 49).

D522. D522. Transformation through magic word (charm). (Cf. D1273.)--Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 136, II 20, VI 8, 59.--Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/203); Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 84.

D523. D523. Transformation through song. (Cf. D1275.)--Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 273 No. 87.

D523.1. D523.1. Transformation by playing musical instrument.

D523.1.1. D523.1.1. Transformation by playing flute. Chinese: Graham.

D525. D525. Transformation through curse. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 16, VIII 140ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D525.1. D525.1. Despondent mother curses herself and children into trees. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *425D.

D526. D526. Transformation through greeting: first creature to be greeted will be transformed. (Cf. A1371.3.)--*Dh II 191ff.

D527. D527. Transformation by scolding. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 468.

D529. D529. Transformation through power of the word--miscellaneous.

D529.1. D529.1. Petrification when woman‘s voice is heard. India: Thompson-Balys.

D530. D530. Transformation by putting on skin, clothing, etc.

D531. D531. Transformation by putting on skin. By putting on the skin, feathers, etc. of an animal, a person is transformed to that animal.--Fb “and”; Icel.: Vцlsunga saga ch. 8; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child II 494, III 518, IV 495a, V495 s.v. “seals”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 132; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 364, II 13, III 75, 143, 262, Rink 146, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 181, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 617, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 468, (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 95; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 84; North Carolina Negro: Parsons JAFL XXX 187; Surinam: Alexander Lat. Am. 274.--See also all references under D361.1. (Swan Maiden).

D532. D532. Transformation by putting on claw, feather, etc. of helpful animal. Types 552A, 553; *BP III 434; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 13.

D533. D533. Transformation to fish by catching in fish-trap. India: Thompson-Balys.

D535. D535. Transformation to horse (ass. etc.) by putting on bridle (halter). *Fb “hest” I 598b, “grime” I 484, “bidsel” IV 37b; Kцhler-Bolte I 220, 586.--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 130 No. 71; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 45 No. 71; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3656; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 56 n. 2, *59.

D535.1. D535.1. Transformation to horse by being horse-shod. Kцhler-Bolte I 220, 586.

D536. D536. Transformation by removing chains from neck.

D536.1. D536.1. Transformation to swans by taking chains off neck. (Cf. D161.)--**O. Rank Die Lohengrinsage (1911) 65f.; *Wehrhan 50; *Wesselski Mдrchen 255 No. 64; *Chauvin VIII 206 No. 248; *G. Huet Romania XXXIV (1905) 206ff.; H. A. Todd MLN VI 2.--Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 263; English Romance: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne).

D537. D537. Transformation by changing clothes. Icelandic: Arnason (Powell and Magnusson tr.) II 246, Boberg.--N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand Nos. 5, 16, 17. (Caughnawaga): Harrington JAFL XIX 127f., cf. (Yana): Curtin Creation Myths of Primitive America (Boston 1898) 312ff.--Cf. Fb. “klжder” II 200a.

D537.1. D537.1. Transformation by donning hood. (Cf. D1067.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D537.2. D537.2. Transformation by donning cloak. Irish myth: Cross.

D537.2.1. D537.2.1. Giantess’s cloak makes man grow. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 430.

D537.3. D537.3. Transformation by putting on moustache. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D537.4. D537.4. Transformation by donning wig. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D550. D550. Transformation by eating or drinking. *MacCulloch Childhood 158.--Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 132a.

D551. D551. Transformation by eating. *MacCulloch Childhood 158; *Penzer VI 56.

D551.1. D551.1. Transformation by eating fruit. (Cf. D981.) Cf. Type 566. India: Thompson-Balys.

D551.1.1. D551.1.1. Transformation by eating apple. *Fb “жble” III 1136a; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Apfel” n. 11.--Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pomme”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 449. Cf. Type 566.

D551.1.2. D551.1.2. Transformation by eating apricot. Chinese: Werner 203.

D551.1.3. D551.1.3. Transformation by eating pear. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Birnbaum”.

D551.2. D551.2. Transformation by eating vegetable. (Cf. D983.)--Type 567; *BP III 6; *Aarne MSFO XXV 143ff. (Cf. D132.1.)

D551.2.1. D551.2.1. Transformation by eating cabbage. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 48 No. 327*D.

D551.2.2. D551.2.2. Transformation by eating cicuta. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63 No. 453.

D551.2.3. D551.2.3. Transformation through eating magic seeds. (Cf. D971).--Hindu: Penzer VI 56 n. 1, 62f.

D551.2.4. D551.2.4. Transformation by eating flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

D551.2.5. D551.2.5. Transformation by eating onions. Korean: Zong in-Sob 21.

D551.2.6. D551.2.6. Transformation by eating garlic. Korean: Zong in-Sob 3.

D551.2.7. D551.2.7. Transformation by eating manioc. Africa (Dahomй): Einstein 27.

D551.3. D551.3. Transformation by eating flesh. Icelandic: Boberg.--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 162; Japanese: Ikeda; American Indian (Creek): Swanton BBAE LXXXVII 32f., (Ladino): Conzemius BBAE CVI 130f.; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 23.

D551.4. D551.4. Transformation by eating bread. India: Thompson-Balys.

D551.5. D551.5. Transformation by eating leaf from a tree. Falcon is returned to form of girl. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D551.6. D551.6. Transformation by eating--miscellaneous.

D551.6.1. D551.6.1. Transformation by placing pill in mouth. (Cf. D1243.)--Hindu: Penzer VII 42 n. 1, 222; India: Thompson-Balys.

D551.6.2. D551.6.2. Transformation by eating rice mixed with perspiration. Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 85.

D551.6.2.1. D551.6.2.1. Transformation by eating sticky rice. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 60.

D551.6.3. D551.6.3. Transformation by eating snake eggs. India: Thompson-Balys.

D555. D555. Transformation by drinking. *Type 450; BP I 86ff.; MacCulloch Childhood 159. See also references to D550.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 287 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

D555.1. D555.1. Transformation by drinking from animal‘s track. (Cf. D578.)--*Type 450; *Sartori Zs. f. Vksk. IV 41ff.

D555.2. D555.2. Transformation by drinking wine. Korean: Zong in-Sob 27.

D560. D560. Transformation by various means.

D561. D561. Transformation by jumping over. The person, animal, or object jumped over is transformed. American Indian (Zuсi): Parsons JAFL XXXI 243 No. 16, (Canadian Dakota): Wallis JAFL XXXVI 97 No. 26, (Cheyenne): Campbell JAFL XXIX 407 No. 1.

D561.1. D561.1. Transformation by rolling. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 81.

D561.2. D561.2. Transformation by somersault. Chinese: Graham; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 31, 38, 59.

D561.3. D561.3. Transformation by jumping three times. Korean: Zong in-Sob 58.

D562. D562. Transformation by bathing. *Chauvin V 4 No. 2, VIII 43f. No. 11; English: Child V 499 s.v. “transformations”; Irish myth: *Cross.--Indonesian: Dixon 216; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87.

D562.1. D562.1. Transformation by application of water. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D562.2. D562.2. Transformation by urine. (Cf. D441.5, D441.6, D564.4, D1006.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D562.2.1. D562.2.1. God’s urine makes chilly fiery. India: Thompson-Balys.

D562.2.2. D562.2.2. Human urine softens rock. India: Thompson-Balys.

D563. D563. Transformation by encircling object thrice. Fb “rundt” III 96a.--N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Parsons JAFL XXXI 243 No. 16 (four times).

D564. D564. Transformation by smelling. India: Thompson-Balys.

D564.1. D564.1. Self-transformation by smelling stick. India: Thompson-Balys.

D564.2. D564.2. Transformation by smelling flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

D564.3. D564.3. Transformation by smelling powders. India: Thompson-Balys.

D564.4. D564.4. Transformation by smelling wine. (Cf. D562.2.)--Korean: Zong in-Sob 56.

D565. D565. Transformation by touching. India: Thompson-Balys.

D565.0.1. D565.0.1. Transformation by touching ground on return from fairyland. Irish myth: Cross.

D565.1. D565.1. Midas‘ golden touch. Everything touched turns to gold. Greek: Roscher s.v. “Midas”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D565.2. D565.2. Transformation by touching with rod. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 70 n. 1, II 287 n. 2; Jewish: Neuman.

D565.3. D565.3. Transformation by licking. Irish myth: *Cross.

D565.4. D565.4. Transformation by seizing ears. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 754C*.

D565.4.1. D565.4.1. Transformation by twisting one’s own ear. India: Thompson-Balys.

D565.5. D565.5. Transformation by kiss. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408A*; Irish myth: Cross; English: Child V 499 s.v. “transformations.”

D565.5.1. D565.5.1. Transformation by sexual intercourse. Irish myth: *Cross.

D565.6. D565.6. Transformation by touching water. Irish myth: Cross.

D565.7. D565.7. Transformation at touch of magic dogskin. Irish myth: Cross.

D565.8. D565.8. Transformation by touching with flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

D565.8.1. D565.8.1. Transformation by pinching flower (life token). German: Grimm No. 9.

D565.9. D565.9. Bag of stones becomes auks on touching ground. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 172.

D565.10. D565.10. Transformation by scratching. Brazil: Jijena Sanchez 37.

D566. D566. Transformation by striking. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 90 No. 80.

D566.1. D566.1. Transformation by striking wolf-skin glove. Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kraka 50.

D566.2. D566.2. Transformation by striking with stone. Irish myth: Cross.

D566.3. D566.3. Transformation of horse by spurring. India: Thompson-Balys.

D566.4. D566.4. Transformation by decapitation. India: Thompson-Balys.

D567. D567. Transformation by sunlight. *BP III 89 n. 2.

D568. D568. Transformation by turning magic hood. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 175, *Cross.

D571. D571. Transformation by throwing object or person.

D571.1. D571.1. Transformation by throwing rice on person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D572. D572. Transformation by magic object. Irish myth: Cross.

D572.1. D572.1. Transformation by magic stick. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 276, 280.

D572.2. D572.2. Transformation by ring. Icelandic: Boberg.

D572.3. D572.3. Transformation by cloth. German: Grimm No. 99.

D572.4. D572.4. Transformation by wand. German: Grimm No. 56, 60.

D572.5. D572.5. Transformation by means of magic stone. Icelandic: *Boberg; Africa (Fang): Einstein 53.

D572.6. D572.6. Transformation by magic powder. Korean: Zong in-Sob 230 No. 99.

D572.7. D572.7. Transformation by celestial dew. Jewish: Neuman.

D573. D573. Transformation by spell (charm).

D573.1. D573.1. Transformation by written spell. Korean: Zong in-Sob 85.

D573.2. D573.2. Petrification by magic written formula. India: Thompson-Balys.

D574. D574. Transformation by crossing water. Scotch: McKay Beal III 139.

D575. D575. Transformation by fumigations. Burning of magic perfume transforms. (Cf. D1245.)--Chauvin V 87 No. 27.

D575.1. D575.1. Transformation by throwing ashes. Africa: Milligan 141.

D576. D576. Transformation by being burned. (Cf. D1787.)--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 256, also most of references in n. 259.--Indonesian: DeVries list 239, DeVries Volksverhalen II 356 No. 100; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87.

D577. D577. Transformation by braiding hair. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 395 No. 18.

D578. D578. Transformation by stepping in footprint. (Cf. D555.1.)--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87.

D579. D579. Transformation by looking in a mirror. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D581. D581. Petrification by glance. Fb “цje” III 1167b.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 152 n. 3 (Gorgon).

D581.1. D581.1. Damsel whose voice turns her suitors to stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

D582. D582. Transformation by sticking magic pin into head. (Cf. D765.1.2., D1182.)--Fb “knappenеl” II 211b; *Cosquin Indiens 58ff.; Penzer VI 61.

D582.1. D582.1. Transformation by sticking nails into feet. India: Thompson-Balys.

D582.2. D582.2. Transformation by magic needle. India: Thompson-Balys.

D583. D583. Transformation by lousing. Maori: Dixon 55.

D584. D584. Transformation by contemplation. Penzer VI 20f.

D585. D585. Transformation by binding with string around neck. India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 39f., 56ff., VII 44 n. 1.

D585.1. D585.1. Transformation by tying charm around person‘s neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

D586. D586. Transformation to fish by throwing into sea. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 100; Madagascar (Antankarana): Renel I 94ff. No. 14.

D587. D587. Transformation by baptism. Irish myth: Cross.

D588. D588. Transformation by blowing. Irish myth: Cross.

D591. D591. Transformation by immersing in magic well. Irish myth: Cross.

D592. D592. Transformation to likeness of another by sleeping with arms about him under the same mantle. Irish myth: Cross.

D593. D593. Change of sex by exchange with a yaksa (ogre). (Cf. D10.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D594. D594. Transformation by rubbing with ointment. India: Thompson-Balys.

D595. D595. Transformation by application of blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

D596. D596. Transformation by placing something on head. India: Thompson-Balys.

D596.1. D596.1. Transformation by placing bewitched flower on head. India: Thompson-Balys.

D599. D599. Transformation by various means--miscellaneous.

D600--D699.

D600--D699. Miscellaneous transformation incidents.

D600. D600. Miscellaneous transformation incidents.

D601. D601. Offer to make pups born of woman in shape of hound human. Irish myth: Cross.

D610. D610. Repeated transformation. Transformation into one form after another.--Kцhler-Bolte I 265; *Type 325; *Norlind 73ff.; *Scott Thumb 124ff.; Cosquin Йtudes 516ff; Chauvin II 183, V 199.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child I 337, *V 499 s.v. “transformations, successive”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 16f.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Fox 87 (Nereus), 92 (Periklymenos), 122 (Thetis), Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6, Roscher s. v. “Acheloos”; Persian: Carnoy 270, 272; Turkish: Radloff IV 81ff.; India: Keith 152, Tawney II 168, 510ff., *Thompson-Balys.--Chinese: Werner 361, Eberhard FFC CXX 48; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen Nos 63, 69, 132.--Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 213 No. 73; Central Caroline Islands: Dixon 258; American Indian (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 83.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 72 No. 3, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 3, (general): Frobenius Atlantis II 38ff, III 116ff., Meinhof African. Mдrchen No. 35.

D610.1. D610.1. Goddess repeatedly transforms herself. India: Thompson-Balys.

D611. D611. Protean beggar: Person assumes successive forms in order to beg.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 310 n. 117d.

D612. D612. Protean sale: man sells youth in successive transformations.--*Type 325; *BP II 60ff.; *Cosquin Йtudes 567ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; *Kittredge Witchcraft 184 n. 98--Missouri French: Carriиre.

D612.1. D612.1. Illusory transformation of animals in order to sell and cheat. (Cf. D2031, K1870.)--Kittredge Witchcraft 184 n. 100.

D615. D615. Transformation combat. Fight between contestants who strive to outdo each other in successive transformations.--*Penzer III 195 n. 1, 203ff., VIII 80 n. 1; Mitra *The Magical Conflict in Santali, Ao Naga Folklore (Man in India IX 173--80); Chauvin V 2 No. 2, 5 No. 443, 199 No. 116, VI 86 No. 252, 110 No. 274; Cosquin Йtudes folkloriques 570ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 138, 588.--Egypt: Mьller 126 (Horus and Seth); Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 256 n. 3 (Hercules and Achelous); Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 110; Finnish: Kalevala rune 28; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 289; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 361; Hawaii: Dixon 90f; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/1001); N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 311 n. 117e; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 220, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 319, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 85, (Greenland): Rasmussen II 96; S. A. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII 1 434.

D615.1. D615.1. Transformation contest between magicians. Finnish: Kalevala rune 27; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 50 No. 89; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 169, 242; Africa: Milligan Jungle 100.

D615.2. D615.2. Transformation contest between master and pupil. *Type 325; *BP II 68; *Kцhler-Bolte I 138, 556; English: Child V 499 s.v. “transformation”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

D615.3. D615.3. Transformation combat between lover and maid. BP II 68; Child V 499 s.v. “transformations”.

D615.4. D615.4. Men transformed to animals fight. BP III 261 (Grimm No. 163).

D615.4.1. D615.4.1. Fairies (gods?) transformed to animals fight. Irish myth: Cross.

D615.5. D615.5. Transformation combat between saints. Irish myth: Cross.

D616. D616. Repeated transformations to deceive wives. A husband thus makes each of his many wives believe that he is always with her. Hindu: Keith 166.

D620. D620. Periodic transformation. A person or thing is transformed at definite intervals. *Types 432, 652; *BP II 125; R. M. Meyer Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 4.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 8--9, Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 219f.; N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 317; S. A. Indian (Surinam): Alexander Lat. Am. 274, (Guaporй): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 145 No. 15, (Mpongwe): Nassau 68 No. 15.

D621. D621. Daily transformation. German: Grimm No. 49, 123; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Argentina): Jijena Sanchez 55, 59.

D621.0.1. D621.0.1. One shape by day; another by night. Child V 490 s.v. “one”.

D621.1. D621.1. Animal by day; man by night. *Types 425, 552A; *Kцhler-Bolte I 315ff.; *Fb “hund” I 678a, “bjшrn” IV 43a.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kraka 50; Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 451; Bohemian: Hartland Science 246.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 135; Mangaia (Polynesia), Samoa, Union Group, Tahiti: Dixon 55f.; Melanesian, Indonesian: ibid. 56 nn. 75, 76; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 347 nn. 247, 248; S. A. Indian (Arawak): Jijena Sanchez 23.

D621.1.1. D621.1.1. Man by day; animal by night. *Taylor MPh XVII 59 n. 8.--Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 45 No. 71; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 130 No. 71; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 135; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 52.

D621.2. D621.2. Tree by day; man by night. Fb “trж” III 867b; India: Thompson-Balys.

D621.2.1. D621.2.1. Bush by day; woman by night. Italian: Basile I No. 2.

D621.2.2. D621.2.2. Flower by day; girl by night. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D621.3. D621.3. Ugly by day; fair by night. *Kцhler-Bolte II 435ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

D621.4. D621.4. Size of object transformed at night.

D621.4.1. D621.4.1. Magic dog shrinks at night. Irish myth: Cross.

D621.5. D621.5. Sheep by day; dog by night. Irish myth: *Cross.

D621.6. D621.6. Young man issues from conch-shell every evening. India: Thompson-Balys.

D622. D622. Weekly transformation. See all references to C31.1.2. (Mйlusine).--Jijena Sanchez 42.

D622.1. D622.1. Transformation to werwolf every Friday night. S. A. Indian (Brazil): Jijena Sanchez 42.

D623. D623. Transformation every ten days. Icelandic: Volsungasaga 15.

D624. D624. Yearly transformation. Irish myth: *Cross.

D624.1. D624.1. Storks become men in Egypt in the winter. (Cf. D155.1.)--Wesselski Bebel II 138 No. 117.

D624.2. D624.2. Fairies become birds every other year. Irish myth: *Cross.

D624.3. D624.3. Yearly transformation to person of different sex. Irish myth: Cross.

D630. D630. Transformation and disenchantment at will. See, in general, references throughout D610--D629, D640--D659, D670--D699, nearly all of which motifs involve the idea of voluntary transformation.--*Types 652, 665; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”; *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 215; *Chauvin VII 83 No. 373bis n. 1.--German: Grimm Nos. 51, 56, 68, 181; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 84 n. 2, Grote I 105; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 298f., MacCulloch Eddic 46ff. (Odin), *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Keith 156, 218; Arabian: Burton Nights I 134ff., 220f., III 126f., 236, VII 76, 300, IX 331, X 30, S II 86, 105, S V 88, S VII 239; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 420, II 676; Chinese: Werner 327, Coyajee JPASB XXIV 182, Jameson The Chinese Art of Shifting Shape (JAFL LXIV 275--80), Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 85; Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 152, 153; New Guinea: Dixon 138; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 401ff. note; New Hebrides: Beckwith 131; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 363.--S. A. Indian (Argentina): Jijena Sanchez 53; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 84.--Africa (Cold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 42 No. 4, (Ekoi): Talbot 247.

D630.1. D630.1. Power of self-transformation received from wood spirit. *Type 677.

D630.1.1. D630.1.1. Power of self-transformation received from demon. Jewish: Neuman.

D630.2. D630.2. Power of self-transformation received from a god. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 84 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

D630.2.1. D630.2.1. Power of self-transformation received from an angel. Jewish: Neuman.

D630.3. D630.3. Power of self-transformation received from fairy parent. Irish myth: Cross.

D630.4. D630.4. Deity has power of self-transformation. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 93, 117ff, 172ff., 186, 276--83, 512.

D631. D631. Size changed at will. India: Thompson-Balys.

D631.1. D631.1. Person changes size at will. Irish myth: Cross; Marquesas: Handy 106; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 77, 241, Rink 402, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 84; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 154 (see D55.2.1.).

D631.1.1. D631.1.1. Person changes appearance at will. Irish myth: Cross.

D631.2. D631.2. Animal’s size changed at will. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516.

D631.2.1. D631.2.1. Dogs large or small at will. N. A. Indian (Micmac): Michelson JAFL XXXVIII 52.

D631.3. D631.3. Size of object changed at will. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen 235, III 173.

D631.3.1. D631.3.1. Compressible canoe. Can be made pocket size. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14c.

D631.3.1.1. D631.3.1.1. Compressible ship. Can be put into vest pocket. (Cf. D1123.)--Fb “skib” III 243a.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 109, Boberg.

D631.3.2. D631.3.2. Compressible tent. Large or small at will. Chauvin VI 135 No. 286 n. 1.

D631.3.3. D631.3.3. Sword large or small at will. (Cf. D1081.) Fb “svжrd” III 690b; Irish myth: Cross.

D631.3.4. D631.3.4. Compressible load. India: Thompson-Balys.

D631.3.5. D631.3.5. Compressible hammer. (Cf. D1209.4.)--Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 79, Boberg.

D631.3.6. D631.3.6. Cloth large or small at will. Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen II 103.

D631.3.7. D631.3.7. Bed large or small at will. Irish myth: Cross (D631.6); India: Thompson-Balys.

D631.3.8. D631.3.8. Spear large or small at will. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga st. 625--26, Boberg.

D631.4. D631.4. Supernatural creatures change size at will.

D631.4.1. D631.4.1. Dwarfs change size at will. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 248.

D631.4.2. D631.4.2. Angels change size at will. Jewish: Neuman.

D631.4.3. D631.4.3. Demons change size at will. Jewish: Neuman.

D631.4.4. D631.4.4. Creature born from egg changes size at will. Marquesas: Handy 124.

D632. D632. Boat transforms self at will of master. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”.

D632.1. D632.1. Island canoe. An island that becomes a canoe at will. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14.

D640. D640. Reasons for voluntary transformation.

D641. D641. Transformation to reach difficult place. *Types 329, 665, 434.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 261; Finnish: Kalevala rune 43; Greek: Fox 178; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 270, 273, 365, Ferguson 159; Maori: Dixon 79; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 310 n. 117; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 26.

D641.1. D641.1. Lover as bird visits mistress. *Type 432; Child V 39ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Grote I 86; India: Thompson-Balys.

D641.1.1. D641.1.1. Girl as bird visits lover. Irish myth: *Cross.

D641.1.2. D641.1.2. Transformation to be able to woo maiden. Greek: Grote I 139; India: Thompson-Balys.

D641.2. D641.2. Transformation to gain access to enemy‘s camp (fortress). Irish myth: *Cross.

D641.2.1. D641.2.1. Transformation to spy out enemy’s camp. Korean: Zong in-Sob 64.

D641.3. D641.3. Transformation in order to enter rival‘s stomach. (Cf. D651.2.) Tonga: Gifford 76.

D641.4. D641.4. Transformation to travel to otherworld. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 24.

D642. D642. Transformation to escape difficult situation. Type 461; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 258 No. 40; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 238 No. 35.

D642.1. D642.1. Transformation to escape from captivity. Finnish: Kalevala rune 16; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Chinese: Werner 366.

D642.2. D642.2. Transformation to escape death. *Type 316.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 49 n. 2, 251 n. 4; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 146, *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 324.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 310 nn. 117a, 117b.; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 120; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 83; Eskimo (Greenland) Rasmussen II 211; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 247.

D642.3. D642.3. Transformation to escape lover. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 22 (Mitis), II 54 n. 1 (Psamathe), 67 n. 6 (Thetis); Chinese: Graham.

D642.3.1. D642.3.1. Pursued sweetheart becomes tree. (Cf. D215.)--Greek: Fox 181 (Daphne); India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Crow): Lowie PaAM XXV 45.

D642.4. D642.4. Transformation to escape ambush. Irish myth: *Cross.

D642.5. D642.5. Transformation to escape notice. Greek: Grote I 43; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D642.5.1. D642.5.1. Transformation to hide from ogress. India: Thompson-Balys.

D642.6. D642.6. Transformation to escape ogress. India: Thompson-Balys.

D642.7. D642.7. Transformation to elude pursuers. (Cf. D671, D672.) Jewish: Neuman.

D643. D643. Transformation so as to rescue.

D643.1. D643.1. Transformation to falcon in order to rescue condemned man at the gallows. India: Thompson-Balys.

D643.2. D643.2. Man transformed to deer decoy for people at execution of saint‘s friend. India: Thompson-Balys.

D644. D644. Transformation to travel fast. Icelandic: Boberg; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 317, 323, 331; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516.

D645. D645. Transformation to test heroes. Irish myth: Cross.

D646. D646. Transformation to be picked up (caught). Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 262 No. 39.

D646.1. D646.1. Transformation to fish to be caught. Chinese: Werner 273, 363.

D646.2. D646.2. Transformation to child or pet to be adopted. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 281 n. 42 (many of the references).

D647. D647. Transformation to seek lost (or unknown) person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D647.1. D647.1. Faithful brother transforms self to deer to seek sister. India: Thompson-Balys.

D647.2. D647.2. Transformation to eagle so as to scour country for lovely woman as bride for king. India: Thompson-Balys.

D651. D651. Transformation to defeat enemies. (Cf. D615.) Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 189; Middle English Romance: Wells 103 (Alliterative Alexander Fragment A); Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 219 (Dionysus); India: *Thompson-Balys.

D651.1. D651.1. Transformation to kill enemy. India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XVIII 220; S. A. Indian (Yuricare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 504, (Mundurucъ): Horton ibid. (3) 294, (Apapocuvб-Guaranн): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 238; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 278 n. 26, (Plains Ojibwa): Skinner JAFL XXXII 303 No. 7.

D651.1.1. D651.1.1. Transformation of magic object to animal which kills enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

D651.1.2. D651.1.2. Demons assume human form to revenge brother’s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

D651.1.3. D651.1.3. Queen transforms herself to defeat god of death. India: Thompson-Balys.

D651.2. D651.2. Transformation to frighten enemy. (Cf. D641.3.) Icelandic: Egils saga einhenda XII 9--10; India: Thompson-Balys; Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 359 No. 12.

D651.3. D651.3. Transformation to destroy enemy’s property. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 245 No. 47.

D651.4. D651.4. Transformation to ant in order to gnaw bow-strings of enemy. *Charpentier Kleine Beitrдge 35 n. 3.

D651.5. D651.5. Transformation to spy enemy‘s camp. Icelandic: *Boberg; Korean Zong in-Sob.

D651.6. D651.6. Transformation so as to protect hero from enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

D655. D655. Transformation to receive food. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 300 n. 100, 310 n. 117c.; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 124f; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 57 No. 25, (Angola): Chatelain 145 No. 15.

D655.1. D655.1. Transformation to buffalo so as to eat grass. Cheyenne: Campbell JAFL XXIX 407 No. 1.

D655.2. D655.2. Witch transforms self to animal (hare, pig) so as to suck cows. Kittredge Witchcraft 166, 484 nn. 21, 22; England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D657. D657. Transformation to steal. (Cf. K300.)--Icelandic MacCulloch Eddic 54; Chinese: Werner 360f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109x, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 63; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 32.

D657.1. D657.1. Transformation to be put in food-bag. Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 323.

D657.2. D657.2. Transformation to flying horse so as to abduct king. India: Thompson-Balys.

D657.3. D657.3. Transformation in order to steal fire. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 7, (Choco): ibid. 112.

D658. D658. Transformation to seduce. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 319 n. 2. 395; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109v.

D658.1. D658.1. Transformation to animal to seduce woman. *Krappe Йtudes 53ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 209 n. 2 (Europa), Fox 24, 33, 60, 166, 223; Hindu: Keith 76 (Prajapati); N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Alexander N. Am. 26; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 81 No. 11, 91 No. 12; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 211, (Congo): Weeks 219 No. 14, (Fjort): Dennett 71 No. 15. Cf. Chinese: Werner 363.

D658.2. D658.2. Transformation to husband’s (lover‘s) form to seduce woman. *Penzer III 126f.; *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XV 367; *Frazer Apollodorus I 174 n. 1; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Betrьger ьberfьhrt”; Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Alkmene”; Euphorion I 589f.; Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XVI 138ff.; Wells 30 (Geoffrey of Monmouth), 32 (Layamon’s Brut), 43 (Arthour and Merlin), 103 (Alliterative Alexander, Fragment A).--Irish myth: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 52, 56, 63, 75; Welsh: ibid. 185; German: Boberg; Indonesian: DeVries‘s list No. 150.

D658.3. D658.3. Transformation of sex to seduce. Irish myth: *Cross; Danish: Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 49.

D658.3.1. D658.3.1. Transformation to seduce man. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Hindu: Keith 151.

D658.3.2. D658.3.2. Transformation of animal to woman to seduce man. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D658.3.2.1. D658.3.2.1. God as mare seduces stallion. Icelandic: De la Saussaye 261 (Loki); India: Thompson-Balys.

D658.3.3. D658.3.3. Seven girls in guise of seven parrots come to boy who has spurned them. India: Thompson-Balys.

D659. D659. Miscellaneous reasons for voluntary transformation.

D659.1. D659.1. Transformation to snakes at night in order to sleep. (Cf. D621.1.1.) Done by otherworld people.--New Britain: Dixon 117.

D659.2. D659.2. Transformation to animals to fight. (Cf. D615)--Icelandic: Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Persian: Carnoy 269; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 38.

D659.3. D659.3. Transformation to show displeasure. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 94 No. 14.

D659.4. D659.4. Transformation to act as helpful animal.

D659.4.1. D659.4.1. Transformation to lion in order to guard palace. (Cf. D112.1, D621.1.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 451.

D659.4.2. D659.4.2. Sea dragon in serpent’s form to accompany hero. (Cf. D419.1.1, B11.)--Chinese: Werner 311.

D659.4.3. D659.4.3. Transformation to eagle to carry hero to safety. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq II 171ff.

D659.4.4. D659.4.4. Transformation to eagle in order to guard princess. Icelandic: Boberg.

D659.5. D659.5. Transformation to obtain blessing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D659.6. D659.6. Transformation to friar to instruct mankind. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D659.7. D659.7. Transformation: wife to mistress. Transformed wife substitutes for husband‘s mistress.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D659.8. D659.8. Transformation to test fidelity. Irish myth: Cross.

D659.9. D659.9. Transformation to another form to persuade man to go to battle. Irish myth: Cross.

D659.10. D659.10. Transformation to lure hunters to certain place. Usually fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D659.11. D659.11. Transformation to recover stolen goods. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D659.12. D659.12. Transformation to tramp to escape recognition. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule. (Cf. D23.1.)

D659.13. D659.13. Transformation in order to drive buffaloes to milking. India: Thompson-Balys.

D659.14. D659.14. Transformation: woman to fly so as to help hero pick out weapons from among many. India: Thompson-Balys.

D660. D660. Motive for transformation of others.

D661. D661. Transformation as punishment. *Dh II 99ff., 123ff., III 284ff., 404ff., 426ff., IV 262; *Type 751A, 368*, 402*; *Fb “fisk” I 296b, “sten” III 553b, 554a; *BP III 168, 462; Kцhler-Bolte I 154; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXIX 69; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 413.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 33; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 97 No. 836A*; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “amoureux”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 82; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 343 (Niobe), Fox 29 (Io); Jewish: Neuman; Tahiti: Dixon 65; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 89 No. 22, 105 No. 29.

D661.1. D661.1. Transformation as revenge for repulsing amorous advances. Irish myth: Cross.

D661.2. D661.2. Transformation as punishment for denouncing saint. Der Heiligen Leben und Leiden 100ff. (Santa Barbara).

D661.3. D661.3. Transformation for violation of vow. Greek: Grote I 162.

D662. D662. Transformation to cure inconstant husband. He falls in love with another woman: his wife changes him to negro. He then falls in love with negress: wife changes him to ass. He then falls in love with she-ass. Finally restored to his original form.--*Chauvin II 183 No. 23.

D663. D663. Transformation as reward. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D664. D664. Transformation of woman by goddess to preserve chastity. India: Thompson-Balys.

D665. D665. Transformation of enemy to be rid of him. Irish myth: *Cross.

D665.1. D665.1. Transformation of rival in love (marriage) to be rid of him. Irish myth: *Cross.

D665.2. D665.2. Transformation of stepchild to be rid of him. Irish myth: Cross.

D665.3. D665.3. Jealous co-wife transforms the other. India: Thompson-Balys.

D666. D666. Transformation to save a person. Icelandic: Hjбlmtиrs saga ok Цlvers 472, Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

D666.1. D666.1. King of birds transforms his quails into sticks and pebbles so king and his hunters and hawks cannot kill them. India: Thompson-Balys.

D670. D670. Magic flight. Irish myth: Cross; *Krappe The Legend of Walther and Hildegund (Journal of English and Germanic Philology XXII [1923] 75--88).

D671. D671. Transformation flight. Fugitives transforms themselves in order to escape detection by the pursuer.--*Types 313, 325, 327; **Aarne Die magische Flucht (FFC XCII); *Fb “and” IV 12b, “rose” III 80a.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child V 499 s.v. “transformations”; Greek: Grote I 182; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights V 353; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 75, 17 n. 1; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 327, 367, III 124, Rink 195, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 182; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 334 n. 205b; S. A. Indian (Sharanti, Comacan, Mashacalн): Horton BBAE CXLIII 3 294, (Mundurucu): Horton ibid. 3 281; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 98, (Zulu): Callaway 21, (Basuto): Jacottet 206 No. 30, Casalis Les Bassoutos (Paris 1859) 349.

D671.0.1. D671.0.1. Fugitive transforms self to stone. Thrown to safety by pursuer. Africa (Zulu): Held 144ff., (Bechuana): Brown, J. T. Among the Bantu Nomads (London, 1926) 181ff., (Northern Rhodesia): Worthington The Little Wise One (London, 1930) 135ff. No. 19, (Gan): Westermann Die Sprache der Guang (Berlin, 1922) 86f.

D671.0.2. D671.0.2. Fugitive transformed by helper to escape detection. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 238.

D671.1. D671.1. Reversed transformation flight. Transformed pursuer. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 363.

D672. D672. Obstacle flight. Fugitives throw objects behind them which magically become obstacles in pursuer’s path.--*Types 313, 314, 325, 327, 502; **Aarne Die Magische Flucht (FFC XCII); **BP II 140; Fb “hеr” I 771b, “flaske” I 309a, “hvidtorn” I 703a; *Wesselski Theorie 31; *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 151a; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1655; Cosquin Йtudes 166, 193ff.--England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “objets”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 30; Icelandic: Boberg; Hungarian: Solymossy Hongaarsche Sagen (Zutphen, 1929) 403; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer II 21, III 227 n. 1, 236ff., IX 151; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 234f.; Korean: Zong in-Sob 173f.; Japanese: Ikeda: Indonesian: Dixon 236 nn. 48, 49, DeVries Volksverhalen Nos. 16, 17, 63, 116; Philippine (Tinguian): *Cole 75, 17 n. 1; Marquesas: Handy 117; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 333 n. 205, (Yuchi): Speck UPa I 141 n. 5, Hatt Asiatic Influences 92ff.; S. A. Indian (Mundurucъ, Carajб): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55, (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 149; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 79, (Greenland): Rasmussen I 106; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 145, (Basuto): Jacottet 4 No. 1, 220 No. 32, (Mpongwe): Nassau 74 No. 15, (Kaffir): Theal 87; Frobenius Atlantis IV 220, V 308. Cf. Ceiuci: Alexander Lat. Am. 304.

D672.1. D672.1. Magic objects as decoy for pursuer. Date palms are dropped which are transformed into animals which the pursuer stops to pick up. S. A. Indian (Ceiuci): Alexander Lat. Am. 304.

D673. D673. Reversed obstacle flight. Magic obstacles raised in front of fugitive.--Type 450; BP III 205.--Arabic: A. Jahn Die Mehri-Sprache in Sьdarabien (Wien, 1902) 124 No. 28, D. H. Mьller Mehri und Hadrami-Texte (Wien, 1909) 99 No. 39, ibid. Mehri und Soquotri Sprache (Wien, 1905) II 99 No. 20.

D674. D674. Magic flight with the help of a he-goat. Speaking he-goat saves the girl promised to the devil. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *314B.

D675. D675. Sea turns to ice to permit flight. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 328, 367, III 124, 260, Rink 195, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 182.

D680. D680. Miscellaneous circumstances of transformation.

D681. D681. Gradual transformation. (Cf. D701.)--Kцhler-Bolte I 573.--Greek: Hahn Gr. and alb. Mдrchen No. 29; Russian: v. Lцwis of Menar Russische Mдrchen No. 29: Norwegian: Aasen Norske Minnestykke No. 62; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 170 No. 32, (White Mountain Apache): Goddard PaAM XXIV 128, (Joshua): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 241 No. 20;--Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 85.

D682. D682. Partial transformation. Tobler 54, 59ff., 80; Jewish: Neuman.

D682.1. D682.1. Partial transformation: person with animal head. Hartland Science 198; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 150, (Central Eskimo): Boas BAM XV 182, 253, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 49.

D682.2. D682.2. Partial transformation: person with animal hair. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 168.

D682.3. D682.3. Partial transformation: animal with human mind. Irish myth: *Cross; Penzer VI 5 n. 1.

D682.3.1. D682.3.1. Animals in human form retain animal food and habits. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 456, Rasmussen III 73, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 173, (Central Eskimo): Boas BAM XV 217.

D682.3.2. D682.3.2. Animal with human eyes. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D682.4. D682.4. Partial transformation--color changed. Irish myth: Cross.

D682.4.1. D682.4.1. Magic mantle changes color hourly. Irish myth: Cross.

D682.4.2. D682.4.2. “Spirit of poetry” as hideous youth becomes beautiful. Irish myth: *Cross.

D683. D683. Transformation by magician. Kittredge Witchcraft 184 n. 97; Irish myth: *Cross; See also all notes to D615.1.

D683.1. D683.1. Transformers. Demigods who transform things at will so that they assume present form. See all references for motifs A900--A999 for work of transformers. (Cf. D272.)--Marshall Islands: Davenport JAFL LXVI 222.

D683.2. D683.2. Transformation by witch (sorceress). *Types 403, 405, 410, 450, 451; *Kittredge Witchcraft 183f. nn. 91--96; *Fb “grime” I 484.--Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 137 (Circe); Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC No. 449; India: Thompson-Balys.

D683.3. D683.3. Transformation by troll. Fb “trold” III 852b.

D683.4. D683.4. Transformation by saint. *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. V 343; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D683.5. D683.5. Transformation by god (goddess). Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D683.6. D683.6. Transformation by evil spirits. Irish myth: Cross.

D683.7. D683.7. Transformation by fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

D683.7.1. D683.7.1. Transformation by offspring of fairy and mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

D683.8. D683.8. Transformation by angel (God). Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D683.9. D683.9. Transformation by druid. Irish myth: Cross.

D684. D684. Transformation by helpful animals. *Type 329.

D684.0.1. D684.0.1. Transformation by magic animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D686. D686. Transformed animal refuses to touch meat of that animal. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 102 No. 84.

D686.1. D686.1. Person transformed to animal refuses human food. Will eat only food suitable for his enchanted form. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1 and note.

D688. D688. Transformed mother suckles child. *Types 403, 450; BP I 79ff., 99ff.--India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.--Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 87, (Kaffir): Theal 61.

D688.1. D688.1. Transformed cow advises daughter. Chinese: Graham.

D691. D691. Daily beating of men transformed to dogs. Necessary unless hero himself is to be transformed.--Chauvin V 3 No. 2, *5 No. 443.

D692. D692. City’s inhabitants transformed to fish. Different classes to different colored fish.--Chauvin VI 57 No. 222 n. 3.

D693. D693. Man transformed to ass plays the lyre. *Type 430; *BP III 166.

D694. D694. Food left for transformed person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D695. D695. Man transformed to woman has children. Irish myth: Cross.

D696. D696. Transformation during sleep. Irish myth: Cross.

D697. D697. Magic object can transform self.

D697.1. D697.1. Magic loin cloth can transform itself into anything. India: Thompson-Balys.

D698. D698. Gods have power to transform themselves. Greek myth: passim; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2, and chapt. 1 passim.

D699. D699. Additional transformation motifs.

D699.1. D699.1. Eyes of hero‘s buffalo friend turn into two powerful dogs that protect his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

D700--D799.

D700--D799. Disenchantment.

D700. D700. Person disenchanted. Types 314, 402, 434*, 442, 502; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 925 s.v. “Erlцsung”.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mйtamorphose”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 285, 356, 364.

D701. D701. Gradual disenchantment. (Cf. D617.)--*Type 307; Wimberly 381; Moe Samlede Skrifter I 52; German: Grimm Nos. 108, 121, 137; India: Thompson-Balys.

D702. D702. Partial disenchantment.

D702.1. D702.1. Disenchantment with missing member. While in transformation a person loses a bodily member. When disenchanted, he still lacks the member.--Many of the references to E33 may refer to this motif.

D702.1.1. D702.1.1. Cat‘s paw cut off: woman’s hand missing. A man spends a night in a haunted mill, where he cuts off a cat‘s paw. In the morning the miller’s wife has lost her hand. (Cf. D142, D621.1.1.)--*Taylor MPh XVII 59 n. 8; Tobler 43; Eng., Ire., U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

D702.1.2. D702.1.2. Hog‘s forefoot cut off: woman’s hand missing. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D702.2. D702.2. Person restored to human form retains certain animal features. German: Grimm No. 49.

D705. D705. Place disenchanted.

D705.1. D705.1. Castle disenchanted. India: Thompson-Balys.

D710. D710. Disenchantment by rough treatment. Types 507A, 507C; India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross.

D711. D711. Disenchantment by decapitation. *Types 314, 402, 425, 440, 441, 471, 506, 507, 531, 545A, 545B, 550, 708; *Fb “hoved” I 655a, “lшse” II 517a; **Kittredge JAFL XVIII 1; BP I 9, III 60; Hartland Science 241.--Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; French: Sйbillot France III 52, 140; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 39 No. 5.

D711.1. D711.1. Disenchantment by decapitation and replacement of head. Type 531; Fb “hund” I 678a.

D711.1.1. D711.1.1. Head transferred from one man to another; second man‘s head in first man’s hand. Irish myth: Cross.

D711.2. D711.2. Disenchantment by cutting person in two. Type 506, 507, BP III 537; India: Thompson-Balys.

D711.3. D711.3. Disenchantment from bird by cutting off bill. Fb “nжb”.

D711.4. D711.4. Disenchantment from flower by breaking stalk. Type 407.--Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *368, 407; India: Thompson-Balys.

D711.4.1. D711.4.1. Disenchantment from flower by plucking it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D711.5. D711.5. Disenchantment from leaf by breaking it from tree. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 42 No. 6.

D711.6. D711.6. Disenchantment from fruit by plucking it from tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

D712. D712. Disenchantment by violence.

D712.1. D712.1. Disenchantment by cutting off and reversing bodily members. (Cf. D711.1.)--Kittredge JAFL XVIII 13; Fb “flе”; Irish myth: Cross.

D712.1.1. D712.1.1. Disenchantment by cutting off animal’s limb. German: Grimm No. 57.

D712.1.2. D712.1.2. Disenchantment by cutting in two. India: Thompson-Balys.

D712.2. D712.2. Disenchantment by slinging against something. Type 440; Hartland Science 242.--Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 510; Chile: Pino Saavedra 402.

D712.2.1. D712.2.1. Disenchantment by throwing into fire. (Cf. E15.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D712.3. D712.3. Disenchantment by striking. Wimberly 343.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 412; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Chinese: Werner 309; India: Thompson-Balys.

D712.3.1. D712.3.1. Disenchantment by striking with a missile. Irish myth: *Cross.

D712.3.2. D712.3.2. Disenchantment by throwing a stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

D712.3.3. D712.3.3. Disenchantment by throwing a flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

D712.4. D712.4. Disenchantment by drawing blood. *Fb “blod” IV 48a; Child I 178, 337 n.; Wimberly 342; *Jijena Sanchez 19f., 36.

D712.4.1. D712.4.1. Disenchantment by drinking blood. Child I 178, 337 n.; Wimberly 341.

D712.5. D712.5. Disenchantment by beating. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 348 n. 249a; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 187, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 265, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 630, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 158, (Greenland): Rink 93, Rasmussen II 38, III 104.

D712.6. D712.6. Disenchantment by wounding. Kittredge JAFL XVIII 11; *Jijena Sanchez 35, 49; Chinese: Graham.

D712.7. D712.7. Disenchantment by shooting. Kittredge JAFL XVIII 11; Fb “and” IV 12b.--Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 76 No. 15.

D712.8. D712.8. Disenchantment by ripping armor. Penzer Sigfrid 113.

D712.9. D712.9. Disenchantment by killing. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III

D712.9.1. D712.9.1. Lizard in human form killed; corpse is lizard. India: Thompson-Balys.

D712.10. D712.10. Disenchantment by driving stake through body. Irish myth: Cross.

D712.11. D712.11. Disenchantment by throwing objects at transformed person. India: Thompson-Balys.

D714. D714. Disenchantment by rubbing. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL

D716. D716. Disenchantment by overcoming enchanted person in fight (contest). Type 406*; Hartland Science 243.

D717. D717. Disenchantment by assembling bones.

D717.1. D717.1. Disenchantment by laying collected bones in a seven-fold cloth and spreading another above it. India: Thompson-Balys.

D718. D718. Disenchantment by shaving. Fb “lшse” II 517a.

D719. D719. Disenchantment by rough treatment--miscellaneous.

D719.1. D719.1. Disenchantment by burying victim and sowing grain over him. Fb “levende” II 404ab.

D719.1.1. D719.1.1. Disenchantment through burial and revival. Chinese: Graham.

D719.2. D719.2. Girl destroys crab shape of husband and disenchants him permanently. India: Thompson-Balys.

D720. D720. Disenchantment by removing (destroying) covering of enchanted person.

D721. D721. Disenchantment by removing skin (or covering). See all references to D361.1, Swan Maiden.--Irish myth: *Cross: India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XX 299, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 51; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 131, 156, 335; Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 368f.

D721.1. D721.1. Disenchantment by flaying. Fb “flе”; Kittredge JAFL XVIII 12.

D721.2. D721.2. Disenchantment by hiding skin (covering). When the enchanted person has temporarily removed the covering, it is stolen and the victim remains disenchanted until it is found. *Type 400; *Fb “sжlhund”.--Scandinavian: Krappe Scandinavian Studies XVIII (1944) 156--162; Slavic: Mбchal 258; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Surinam: Alexander Lat. Am. 274; Indonesian: DeVries’s list No. 151; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 146 No. 30, (Kaffir): Theal 38.

D721.3. D721.3. Disenchantment by destroying skin (covering). *Type 425, 430, 440, 441; Kцhler-Bolte I *319, 511; *Chauvin VII 37 No. 212B.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Turkish: Giese Tьrkische Mдrchen (Jena 1925) 120; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 177.--Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 89, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 55, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 224; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 347 n. 249; S. A. Indian: Jijena Sanchez 23; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 69, 287.

D721.4. D721.4. Disenchantment by holding temporarily disenchanted person. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D721.5. D721.5. Disenchantment from fruit (flower) by opening it. Type 408; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D722. D722. Disenchantment by taking off bridle. Man transformed to horse (ass) thus released.--See references in D535.--*Type 325; *BP II 67; Chauvin V 150 No. 73.--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

D723. D723. Disenchantment by putting on (removing) chain from neck.

D723.1. D723.1. Disenchantment by putting chain around neck. See all references to D536.1.

D723.2. D723.2. Disenchantment by removing chain from neck. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D723.2.1. D723.2.1. Disenchantment by removing string from neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

D730. D730. Disenchantment by submission. The helper must submit to the will of the enchanted person. Icelandic: Hjбlmthиrs saga ok Цlvis 510, 515; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17.

D731. D731. Disenchantment by obedience and kindness. *Type 431.

D732. D732. Loathly Lady. Man disenchants loathsome woman by embracing her.--Maynadier The Wife of Bath’s Tale; Taylor Washington Univ. Studies IV (2) (1917) 177 n. 9; Vogt MLN XXXVII 339; Coomaraswamy On the Loathly Bride (Speculum 1945, 391ff.); Krappe Philological Quarterly XXVI 352ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.--Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 404 No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

D732.1. D732.1. Disenchantment of girl by carrying her on back. Hartland Science 237, 243.

D733. D733. Loathly bridegroom. Woman disenchants loathsome man by embracing him.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 16; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 188; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 44, 87.

D733.1. D733.1. Hairy anchorite. Beast-like man seduced by beautiful woman becomes human and handsome.--*C. A. Williams Oriental Affinities of the Legend of the Hairy Anchorite (U. of Illinois, 1925) 15; Gaster Oldest Stories 43.

D733.2. D733.2. Swine bridegroom. Bride disenchants him by her love. He returns to original form. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D733.3. D733.3. Loathly husband a god in disguise. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 648.

D734. D734. Disenchantment of animal by admission to woman‘s bed. *BP I 9; Type 440; Fb “lшse” II 517a.--English: Child I 298, II 502b, IV 454a, V 213a, 215b; Indonesian: Dixon 210; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 63, 321, 327.

D735. D735. Disenchantment by kiss. *Type 410; BP I 9, II 236 n., 271, 561; Wimberly 335ff.; Hartland Science 238 f., 241; Taylor Washington Univ. Studies IV (2) (1917) 177 n. 9; Klapper 112.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 306ff., Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxxv, *Boberg; France: Sйbillot France I 244, III 291; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 247 No. 29; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis I 108.

D735.1. D735.1. Beauty and the beast. Disenchantment of animal by being kissed by woman (man).--*Type 402, 425, 433A, 440; Fb “kys”; Dickson 55 nn. 70, 72; Tobler 53; Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 245; Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. II 360, 472 n. 4.--English: Child V 486 s.v. “kiss”; Chile: Pino Saavedra 404f.; India: Cowell Jataka V 141; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 303; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 38.

D735.2. D735.2. Three redeeming kisses. (Die weisse Frau.) A woman can be disenchanted from animal form if man will kiss her three times, each time when she is in the form of a different terrifying animal.--Tobler 69; **M. Waehler Die weisse Frau (Erfurt 1931); *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 928.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 3, 307 No. 24, 314 No. 103, 322 No. 93, 325 No. 3, 329 No. 32; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3592.

D735.3. D735.3. Disenchantment from tree form by embrace of lover. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 262 n. 2 (Demophon and Phyllis).

D735.4. D735.4. Disenchantment by enduring animal‘s embrace.

D735.4.1. D735.4.1. Girl disenchants animal husband by enduring his embraces without fear. Africa (Bantu): Theal Zambesi 279ff.

D735.4.2. D735.4.2. Son disenchants animal father by enduring his caresses without fear. Africa (Suto): Hoffman Zs. f. Eingeborenen-Spr. XXII 172 No. 11.

D741. D741. Disenchantment of monster when prince promises to marry the monster’s mother. The prince imagines falsely that the mother is also a monster.--Type 708.

D741.1. D741.1. Disenchantment of monster when his mother acknowledges him as son. Type 708. Cf. Hupa: Goddard UCal I 147.

D741.2. D741.2. Disenchantment of monster child when baptized. *Hibbard 45ff. (King of Tars).

D742. D742. Disenchantment by promise to marry. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D743. D743. Disenchantment by sexual intercourse. Man disenchants woman in form of a bear. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D745. D745. Disenchantment by feeding enchanted animals. Fb “lшse” II 517a.

D750. D750. Disenchantment by faithfulness of others. Irish myth: Cross.

D753. D753. Disenchantment by accomplishment of tasks. Type 518; Irish myth: Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *422; Prussian: Plenzat 21; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 308*; Hungarian: Honti FFC LXXXI No. 4011.

D753.1. D753.1. Disenchantment by sewing shirts for enchanted brothers. *Type 451; Fb “skjorte” III 268b.

D753.2. D753.2. Disenchantment of another by weeping jug of tears. Italian: Basile introduction.

D753.3. D753.3. Disenchantment by obeying directions received in a dream. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D753.4. D753.4. Disenchantment by climbing glass mountain. German: Grimm No. 93.

D754. D754. Disenchantment by serving transformed person. German: Grimm No. 106.

D755. D755. Disenchantment of long absent spouse by faithfulness of partner. India: Thompson-Balys.

D757. D757. Disenchantment by holding enchanted person during successive transformations. *Types 403, 450; *MacCulloch Childhood 45; Hartland Science 242.--Greek: Fox 122 (Thetis); English: Child V 499 s.v. “transformation, successive”; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 326.--See also, in general, references to D610.

D758. D758. Disenchantment by maintaining silence. *Type 451; Hartland Science 242.

D758.1. D758.1. Disenchantment by three nights‘ silence under punishment. *Type 400; cf. Type 307; *BP II 330; *Fb “tie” III 792a; Hartland Science 246.

D758.2. D758.2. Disenchantment by maintaining silence for a year or more. German: Grimm Nos. 9, 49, 137.

D759. D759. Disenchantment by faithfulness of others--miscellaneous.

D759.1. D759.1. Disenchantment by taking key from serpent’s mouth at midnight. The disenchanter is to take the key (three keys) from the mouth of the woman in serpent form with his own mouth.--Hartland Science 240; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 74.

D759.2. D759.2. Disenchantment from bird when queen milks own milk into bird‘s beak. (Cf. D764.1.)--Fb “trane”.

D759.3. D759.3. Disenchantment by naked virgin undergoing frightful journey at midnight. She must come naked and alone on St. John’s night between twelve and one, climb the castle walls, and enter the treasure chamber.--Hartland Science 236.

D759.4. D759.4. Disenchantment if twelve men will not leave castle for a year. Hartland Science 246.

D759.5. D759.5. Disenchantment by following enchanted woman through lake to underwater castle. Hartland Science 241.

D759.6. D759.6. Disenchantment by maidens walking with lighted candles in procession. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59 No. 425*D.

D759.7. D759.7. Disenchantment by maiden sitting at head of enchanted king‘s bed on morning of St. John’s day.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 445B.

D759.8. D759.8. Snake disenchanted by being allowed to wrap itself three times around person‘s neck. Tobler 21.

D759.9. D759.9. Failure to disenchant by not watching sleeping princess long enough. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *422B.

D759.10. D759.10. Three soldiers in the enchanted manor. Curiosity overcoming them they forfeit the power of disenchanting the princesses. Seven seven-year-old boys break the spell and save the princess. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *422B.

D760. D760. Disenchantment by miscellaneous means.

D762. D762. Disenchantment by proper person waking from magic sleep. The enchanted person appears three times and if the sleeper does not wake by the third time the enchantment must last.--*Type 403, 450; Cosquin 166f., 170.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61 No. 445A; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *422A; Russian: Andrejev No. *400B.

D762.1. D762.1. Disenchantment by causing enchanted person to speak. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D762.2. D762.2. Disenchantment by being wakened from magic sleep by proper agent. German: Grimm Nos. 50, 163.

D763. D763. Disenchantment by destroying enchanter. Chauvin VI 88 No. 252.--Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 28, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 325.

D763.1. D763.1. Disenchantment by eating enchanter’s heart. Fb “lшse” II 517a.--Penobscot (European borrowing): Speck JAFL XXVIII 58 No. 4; India: Thompson-Balys.

D763.2. D763.2. Disenchantment by defeating enchanter in single combat. Irish myth: Cross.

D764. D764. Disenchantment by eating or drinking. Irish myth: Cross.

D764.1. D764.1. Disenchantment by drinking milk of queen who has borne two boys. (Cf. D759.2.)--*Fb “lшse” II 517a.

D764.2. D764.2. Disenchantment by biting certain twig. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens sv. “Baum”.

D764.3. D764.3. Disenchantment by eating certain salmon. Irish myth: Cross.

D764.4. D764.4. Disenchantment by eating apple. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D764.5. D764.5. Disenchantment by eating whale meat. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 327.

D764.6. D764.6. Disenchantment by eating certain plant. German: Grimm No. 122; Apulejus Golden Ass.

D764.7. D764.7. Disenchantment by refusing to eat for three days. German: Grimm No. 93.

D764.8. D764.8. Disenchantment by eating head of serpent. Jewish: Neuman.

D765. D765. Disenchantment by reversing (undoing) enchantment.

D765.1. D765.1. Disenchantment by removing cause of enchantment.

D765.1.1. D765.1.1. Disenchantment by removal of enchanting pill from mouth. (Cf. D551.4.1.)--Penzer VII 42 n. 1, 222.

D765.1.1.1. D765.1.1.1. Disenchantment by removing ring from under dead girl‘s tongue. Lover is thus freed from loving her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D765.1.2. D765.1.2. Disenchantment by removal of enchanting pin (thorn). (Cf. D582.)--Fb “lшse” II 517a.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59, 62 Nos. 435, 449; Missouri-French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D765.2. D765.2. Disenchantment by untying enchanting knot. Fb “knude” II 228.

D766. D766. Disenchantment by liquid.

D766.1. D766.1. Disenchantment by bathing (immersing) in water. Type 433B; Taylor Washington Univ. Studies IV (2) (1917) 176 n. 8; Wimberly 388; Child I 308, 338 n., II 505, III 505, V 39f.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

D766.1.1. D766.1.1. Disenchantment by water and command. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D766.1.2. D766.1.2. Disenchantment by touching water. India: Thompson-Balys.

D766.1.3. D766.1.3. Disenchantment by pouring water into ear. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 40.

D766.2. D766.2. Disenchantment by application of blood. (Cf. D712.4, D712.4.1).--*Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 138; *Fb “blod” IV 46b, 47a; Child I 337 n.; Penzer I 97; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 148 No. 119.--Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400A*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D766.2.1. D766.2.1. Disenchantment by rubbing with pig’s blood. Irish myth: Cross.

D766.3. D766.3. Disenchantment by tears. *Type 425.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 35 No. 1.

D766.4. D766.4. Disenchantment by bathing in milk. Wimberly 372; Type 433B and 507 (Danish forms); India: Thompson-Balys.

D771. D771. Disenchantment by use of magic object.

D771.1. D771.1. Disenchantment by burning magic hair. Kцhler-Bolte I 573.

D771.2. D771.2. Disenchantment by rubbing with magic grease. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 219 No. 73; Greek Odyssey 10 line 394.

D771.3. D771.3. Disenchantment by using powder. Chauvin VI 8 No. 273.

D771.4. D771.4. Disenchantment by using wand. MacCulloch Childhood 205; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D771.5. D771.5. Disenchantment by drinking from golden vessel. Irish myth: Cross.

D771.6. D771.6. Disenchantment by medicine. India: Thompson-Balys.

D771.7. D771.7. Disenchantment by rosary or scapular. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D771.8. D771.8. Disenchantment and transformation by means of a magic sword. India: Thompson-Balys.

D771.9. D771.9. Disenchantment by sprinkling consecrated rice. India: Thompson-Balys.

D771.10. D771.10. Disenchantment by ring. German: Grimm No. 123.

D771.11. D771.11. Disenchantment by flower. German: Grimm No. 69.

D771.12. D771.12. Disenchantment by use of crystal ball. German: Grimm No. 196.

D772. D772. Disenchantment by naming. Wimberly 345; *Fb “varulv” III 1015a.

D772.1. D772.1. Disenchantment by recognition. German: Grimm Nos. 62, 160.

D775. D775. Disenchantment by feeding transformed creature. This is done contrary to commands.--Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 130 No. 72.

D777. D777. Disenchantment by placing handkerchief between horns. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mouchoir”.

D777.1. D777.1. Disenchantment by covering with cloth. German: Grimm No. 76; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D778. D778. Disenchantment by blowing on victim. Chauvin V 236 No. 134; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 105.

D778.1. D778.1. Disenchantment from berry by blowing on it. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *702.

D778.2. D778.2. Disenchantment by blowing medicine on victim. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D781. D781. Disenchantment by prayer (mass) of Pope. Meyer Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 4.

D781.1. D781.1. Disenchantment by blessing. German: Grimm No. 141.

D782. D782. Disenchantment by physical contact. Kittredge Gawain 205f., 216f.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 70 No. 535; Irish myth: Cross; German: Grimm No. 49, 56, 60, 76, 96.

D782.1. D782.1. Disenchantment by touch of holy man. India: Thompson-Balys.

D782.2. D782.2. Disenchantment by touching earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

D783. D783. Disenchantment by being found when lost. Type 451.

D784. D784. Disenchantment by lighting fire. Type 727*.

D785. D785. Disenchantment by magic contest. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 330.

D785.1. D785.1. Disenchantment produced by hero winning series of contests with seven demons. India: Thompson-Balys.

D786. D786. Disenchantment by music. Wimberly 332.

D786.1. D786.1. Disenchantment by song. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 63; Africa (Swazi): Bourhill and Drake 212ff. No. 18.

D787. D787. Disenchantment by encircling. Wimberly 363.

D788. D788. Disenchantment by sign of cross. (Cf. D1766.6.) Wimberly 367.

D789. D789. Other means of disenchantment.

D789.1. D789.1. Disenchantment by covering with deliverer‘s clothing. Wimberly 390.

D789.2. D789.2. Disenchantment by breaking lamp. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 54 No. 400B*.

D789.3. D789.3. Disenchantment by sight of old home.

D789.3.1. D789.3.1. Frog-woman disenchanted by sight of water. Hindu: Keith 147.

D789.4. D789.4. Disenchantment by breaking tabu. (Cf. C.)--Hindu: Keith 147.

D789.5. D789.5. Disenchantment by throwing golden objects into water. German: Grimm No. 181.

D789.6. D789.6. Disenchantment by repeating magic formula. South Africa: Bourhill and Drake 237ff. No. 20.

D789.6.1. D789.6.1. Disenchantment by speaking proper words. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D789.7. D789.7. Disenchantment by shaking certain tree. Irish myth: Cross.

D789.8. D789.8. Disenchantment of enchanted (sunken) castle (town, inhabitants) by digging it out. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D789.9. D789.9. Girl disenchants her tiger-husband by putting a garland around his neck, sprinkling sand and water over him. India: Thompson-Balys.

D789.10. D789.10. Disenchantment by ringing bell. Korean: Zong in-Sob 97.

D790. D790. Attendant circumstances of disenchantment.

D791. D791. Disenchantment possible under unique conditions. Only one combination of time place and person will serve.--For many of these combinations see Hartland Science 240, 244, 248.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3593.

D791.1. D791.1. Disenchantment at end of specified time. Irish myth: *Cross; *Jijena Sanchez 35, 36, 68, 70.

D791.1.1. D791.1.1. Disenchantment at end of seven years. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 453.

D791.1.2. D791.1.2. Disenchantment when superhuman task is finished. Enchanted person appears every seven years in human form and puts one stitch in a smock. When it is finished, she will be delivered. Hartland Science 240.

D791.1.3. D791.1.3. The deliverer in the cradle. Enchanted person can be delivered by child rocked in a cradle made from an oak sapling after it has grown great. **Ranke Der Erlцser in der Wiege; Hartland Science 244f; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 80.

D791.1.4. D791.1.4. Disenchantment at end of two hundred years. Irish myth: Cross.

D791.1.5. D791.1.5. Disenchantment at end of nine hundred years. Irish myth: Cross.

D791.1.6. D791.1.6. Disenchantment possible at the end of seven hundred years. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D791.1.7. D791.1.7. Disenchantment at cock crow. Jijena Sanchez 38, 55.

D791.1.8. D791.1.8. Disenchantment at midnight after owl hoots three times. German: Grimm No. 179.

D791.2. D791.2. Disenchantment by only one person.

D791.2.1. D791.2.1. Disenchantment of girl only by lover. BP II 125.

D791.2.2. D791.2.2. Disenchantment can be done by wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

D791.2.2.1. D791.2.2.1. Disenchantment promised if girl may marry transformed man. India: Thompson-Balys.

D791.3. D791.3. Disenchantment fails because conditions are not fulfilled. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D791.4. D791.4. Disenchantment by finding key to enchanted castle. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D792. D792. Transformed mother called by her child. Comes and is rescued.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 333.

D793. D793. Disenchantment made permanent.

D793.1. D793.1. Disenchantment made permanent by holding to a hair. Italian: Basile I No. 2.

D793.2. D793.2. Disenchantment made permanent by burning cast-off skin. Cf. D721.3.

D794. D794. Enchanted person attracts attention of rescuer.

D794.1. D794.1. Enchanted person attracts attention by dancing. South Africa: Bourhill and Drake 237ff. No. 20.

D795. D795. Maiden disenchanted, deserted, and refound. *BP II 325.

D796. D796. Divine beings assume their own shape in sleep. Penzer III 92 n. 2, VIII 25 n. 2.

D797. D797. Disenchantment as proof of truth. The prodigy convinces judge that witness is speaking truth. India: Thompson-Balys.

D798. D798. Disenchantment by passing between human being’s legs. Argentina, Paraguay: Jijena Sanchez 45.

D799. D799. Disenchantment by other means. Irish myth: Cross.

D799.1. D799.1. Children disenchanted after long period are aged. Irish myth: Cross.

D799.2. D799.2. Valley disenchanted rises to level of surroundings. Irish myth: Cross.

D799.3. D799.3. Attendants of disenchanted person automatically disenchanted. German: Grimm Nos. 50, 106, 127, 169, 179.

D800--D1699.

D800--D1699. MAGIC OBJECTS

D800--D899.

D800--D899. Ownership of magic objects.

D800. D800. Magic object. *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 60ff.; *Siuts 89ff.; *Penzer I 25ff., V 3 n 1, IX 142; *Tibbals “Elements of Magic in the Romance of William of Palerne” MPh I (1903) 355 ff.; *Easter A Study of Magic Elements in the Romans d‘Aventure (Dissertation, Baltimore 1906).

D801. D801. Ownership of magic object. Irish myth: Cross.

D801.1. D801.1. Magic objects possessed by witch, sorcerer or evil dwarf. (Cf. F451.7, G234, D1711.) German: Grimm Nos. 53, 56, 60, 191.

D803. D803. Magic objects created by deity.

D803.1. D803.1. Magic objects created by God on sixth day. (Cf. A0). Jewish: Neuman.

D804. D804. Ineffable name written on object renders it magic. (Cf. C431.) Jewish: Neuman.

D805. D805. Magic object to be used only in extreme need. Italian: Basile introduction.

D806. D806. Magic object effective only when exact instructions for its use are followed.

D806.1. D806.1. Magic object effective when struck on ground once only. Second blow renders useless. Africa (Bulu): Krug JAFL XXV 113 No. 9.

D806.2. D806.2. Magic charm (formula) used injudiciously brings death to owner’s wife, children, himself. India: Thompson-Balys.

D810--D859.

D810--D859. ACQUISITION OF MAGIC OBJECT

D810. D810. Magic object a gift. *BP I 361; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D811. D811. Magic object received from God (a god). *Toldo IX 451ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 138--41, Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 36; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”; Greek: Fox 40, *Grote I 88.

D811.1. D811.1. Magic object received from goddess. Hartland Perseus III 109; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D811.2. D811.2. Magic object falls down from the heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

D811.2.1. D811.2.1. Magic needle and thread fall from heaven as result of prayer. (Cf. D1766.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D812. D812. Magic object received from supernatural being. Japanese: Ikeda.

D812.1. D812.1. Magic object received from saint. BP I 361.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 25, 50.

D812.2. D812.2. Magic object received from demigod. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 18.

D812.3. D812.3. Magic object received from devil. *Aarne MSFO XXV 39.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”; Hindu: Penzer IX 45 n. 1.

D812.4. D812.4. Magic object received from ghost. *Aarne MSFO XXV 39; *Chauvin V 78 No. 22 n. 1.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 25; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 47, 211.

D812.4.1. D812.4.1. Magic object received from the dead in lower world. Africa (Cameroons): Mansfeld 229f. No. 16, (Ekoi): Talbot 46.

D812.4.2. D812.4.2. Magic object acquired as reward for burial of the dead. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D812.5. D812.5. Magic object received from genie. *Type 561; *BP II 547.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 109.

N813. Helpful genie.

D812.5.1. D812.5.1. Magic object received from temple demons. Chinese: Graham.

D812.6. D812.6. Magic object received from witch or wizard. Type 576*****, 576***.

G284. Witch as helper.

D812.7. D812.7. Magic object received from dragon king. Japanese: Anesaki 315.

D812.8. D812.8. Magic object received from lady in dream. (Cf. D825.)--Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”; BP II 544.--Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 40; India: Thompson-Balys.

D825. D825. Magic object received from maiden.

D812.8.1. D812.8.1. Magic object received from giantess in dream. Norse: *Boberg.

D812.8.2. D812.8.2. Magic object received from man in dream. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D812.9. D812.9. Magic object received from wild man. Italian: Basile I No. 1.

D812.10. D812.10. Magic object received from angel. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D812.10.0.1. D812.10.0.1. Angel reveals location of magic object. Irish myth: Cross.

D812.11. D812.11. Magic object received from giant. Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross.

D812.12. D812.12. Magic object received from dwarf. Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Grimm Nos. 28, 64, 91, 97, 165.

D812.12.1. D812.12.1. Magic sword received from dwarf in dream. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D812.13. D812.13. Magic objects gifts of magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

D812.14. D812.14. Magic object received from ascetic. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 849, II 210, 656.

D812.15. D812.15. Magic object received from maiden-spirit. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D813. D813. Magic object received from fairy. *Type 510.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D813.1. D813.1. Magic object received from river-nymph. Hartland Perseus III 109.

D813.1.1. D813.1.1. Magic sword received from Lady of Lake. (Cf. D878.1.)--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 50 (Le Morte Arthur); Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 303.

D813.1.2. D813.1.2. Magic cauldron received from lake spirit. (Cf. D1171.2.)--Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 100.

D813.2. D813.2. Magic object received from grateful fairy. Hero has cured sick fairy by making her laugh. English: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D813.3. D813.3. Magic object received from maiden in otherworld island. Irish myth: Cross.

D814. D814. Magic objects received from sun, moon, and stars, etc. Kцhler-Bolte I 188.

D814.1. D814.1. Magic object received from wind. German: Grimm No. 88.

D815. D815. Magic object received from relative.

D815.1. D815.1. Magic object received from mother. (Cf. D842.)--*Type 510; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 301, Boberg; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 145.

D815.2. D815.2. Magic object received from father. Hartland Perseus III 199.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 308 (Tyrfing), *Boberg.

D815.3. D815.3. Magic object received from godmother. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D815.4. D815.4. Magic object received from sister. Hartland Perseus III 199; Icelandic: Boberg.

D815.5. D815.5. Magic object received from father-in-law. Hartland Perseus III 199.

D815.6. D815.6. Magic object received from daughter. Icelandic: Boberg.

D815.7. D815.7. Magic object received from foster-parents. Icelandic: Boberg.

D815.7.1. D815.7.1. Magic object received from girl‘s foster-mother. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D815.8. D815.8. Magic object received from wife. German: Grimm No. 92.

D816. D816. Magic object inherited. MacCulloch Childhood 376; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D817. D817. Magic object received from grateful person. *Type 560; *Aarne MSFO XXV 40; BP II 39.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; N. A. Indian (Malecite, Penobscot): Thompson CColl II 411ff. (European borrowings).

D817.1. D817.1. Magic object received from man in return for rescue of child. *Types 560, 611; Aarne MSFO XXV 38--56 passim; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D817.1.1. D817.1.1. Magic object received from dwarf in return for rescue of child or kindness to child. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D817.1.2. D817.1.2. Magic object received from grateful father of redeemed snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

D817.2. D817.2. Magic object received in return for being shaved. India: Thompson-Balys.

D818. D818. Magic object received from astrologer. Irish myth: Cross.

D818.1. D818.1. Magic object received from magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

D821. D821. Magic object received from old woman. Hartland Perseus III 199.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri French: Carriиre; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 123.

D822. D822. Magic object received from old man. Hartland Perseus III 199.--Icelandic: *Boberg; U.S.: Baughman.

D823. D823. Magic object received from huntsman.

D823.1. D823.1. Magic object received from green-clad huntsman. Type 304.

D825. D825. Magic object received from maiden. Hartland Perseus III 199.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross.

D825.1. D825.1. Magic object received from cat-woman; i.e. woman transformed intermittently to cat.--French: Cosquin No. 11; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 400f.

D826. D826. Magic object received from monster.

D826.1. D826.1. Magic object vomited by conquered monster. India: Thompson-Balys.

D827. D827. Magic object received through particular intermediaries. Only one person can help secure it.--*Chauvin V 59 No. 19 n. 1.

D828. D828. Magic object received from child. Type 425.

D829. D829. Acquisition of magic object--miscellaneous.

D829.1. D829.1. Magic object received by apprentice from master. German: Grimm Nos 36, 111, 129.

D830. D830. Magic object acquired by trickery. *Chauvin VII 38 No. 212B; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 268; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 289.

D830.1. D830.1. Attempt to learn about magic object by spying. Chinese: Graham.

D831. D831. Magic object acquired by trick exchange. By means of second magic object hero recovers first. (Often mixed with D832).--*Types 302, 400, 507, 569; BP I 464; Penzer I 25ff.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen Nos. 3, 104.

D832. D832. Magic objects acquired by acting as umpire for fighting heirs. When hero gets hold of objects he refuses to return it.--*Types 400, 518; *BP II 331ff.; Cosquin Indiens 371ff.; Saintyves Perrault 287ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 97.--Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen No. 104; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes III 259 No. 470; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis II 113, 175, III 336, IV 110.

D833. D833. Magic object acquired by tricking giant. Giant is persuaded to give the objects to the hero. (Cf. D831, where the person tricked is often a giant.)--Type 328.

D834. D834. Magic object acquired by tricking devil. Man gets shelter in storm; devil gets wet. Devil gives man magic object in return for information as to how he kept dry.--Kцhler-Bolte I 416.

D835. D835. Magic object acquired through trickery: child forced to cry till object is given. Icelandic: Egils saga ok Asm., ch. XIV 10, Boberg.

D836. D836. Magic object acquired by exchanging letters. (Cf. K511). India: Thompson-Balys.

D837. D837. Magic object acquired through foolish bargain. Type 590.--N. A. Indian (Micmac) (European borrowing): Thompson CColl II 412.

D838. D838. Magic object acquired by stealing. Types 576******, 581*; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

D838.1. D838.1. Stolen objects powerful in magic. *Fb “stjжle” III 576a, “tigge” III 793b.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D838.2. D838.2. Magic object taken from ogre‘s house. Hartland Perseus III 201; Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D838.3. D838.3. Magic object stolen in Thor’s temple. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga 617--31, Boberg.

D838.4. D838.4. Magic object taken in the serpents‘ country. Icelandic: FSS 69--79, Boberg.

D838.5. D838.5. Magic object taken from barrow. (Cf. E461.1, F352.)--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D838.6. D838.6. Magic object stolen from giant. (Cf.F531.6.7.3.)--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D838.7. D838.7. Magic armor stolen from dwarf by giant. Icelandic: Boberg.

D838.8. D838.8. Magic helmet taken directly from bystander. Icelandic: Boberg.

D838.9. D838.9. Boy overhears witches’ conversation about magic objects, which he gets possession of. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *613A.

D838.10. D838.10. Prince procures magic object from bathing fairy when he steals her clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

D838.11. D838.11. Man poisons couple, owners of magic gong, and gains possession of it. India: Thompson-Balys.

D838.12. D838.12. Magic object taken from dead enemy. German: Grimm No. 166.

D838.13. D838.13. Magic object stolen at night. Korean: Zong in-Sob 28 No. 12.

D839. D839. Magic object acquired by trickery--miscellaneous.

D839.1. D839.1. Magic root acquired by tricking mother bird into searching for it in order to disentangle her young. India: Thompson-Balys.

D839.2. D839.2. Fairy dun acquired by tricking owner. Irish myth: Cross.

D840. D840. Magic object found. Types 561, 590; Hartland Perseus III 201; India: Thompson-Balys.

D841. D841. Magic object accidentally found. German: Grimm No. 122; Chinese-Persian: *Coyajee JPASB XXIV 197.

D842. D842. Magic object found on grave.

D842.1. D842.1. Magic object found on mother‘s grave. (Cf. D815.1.)--Type 510; Saintyves Perrault 41; Cox 477.

D842.2. D842.2. Magic object found on father‘s grave. Type 314.

D842.3. D842.3. Magic object found on grave of slain helpful animal. Cox 477; Saintyves Perrault 37; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”.--Japanese: Ikeda.

D845. D845. Magic object found in underground room. Type 562.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D845.1. D845.1. Magic object found in giant’s cave. Icelandic: Boberg.

D846. D846. Magic object found in magic castle. *BP III 113 n. 4.

D846.1. D846.1. Golden cot found in magic castle. India: Thompson-Balys.

D847. D847. Magic object found in chimney. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cheminйe”.

D848. D848. Magic object dug from ground. Hartland Perseus III 201f.--Korean: Zong in-Sob 43.

D849. D849. Magic object found--miscellaneous.

D849.1. D849.1. Magic object found in fort. Chinese: Werner 312.

D849.2. D849.2. Magic object pointed out by bird. *Norlind: Skattsдgner 19ff., 29ff.

D849.3. D849.3. Magic object found on an island. Aarne MSFO XXV 120; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D849.4. D849.4. Magic object found in a wood. *Aarne MSFO XXV 120.

D849.4.1. D849.4.1. Magic object found in garden. German: Grimm No. 121.

D849.5. D849.5. Magic object found in fish. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D849.5.1. D849.5.1. Magic object found in heart of whale. Irish myth: Cross.

D849.6. D849.6. Magic object found under dead girl’s tongue. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D849.7. D849.7. Magic object pointed out by divine voice. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D849.8. D849.8. Magic object found on ground. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D850. D850. Magic object otherwise obtained.

D851. D851. Magic object acquired by exchange. (No trick).--Hartland Perseus III 200; Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian (Ponca, Ojibwa, European borrowings): Thompson CColl II 329f.

D851.1. D851.1. Magic object purchased. India: Thompson-Balys.

D852. D852. Magic object acquired by wishing. *Type 675.

D853. D853. Magic object forged by smith to order. *Hartland Perseus III 200.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 268.

D853.1. D853.1. Magic horse (wooden) made by carpenter. India: Thompson-Balys.

D855. D855. Magic object acquired as reward. Icelandic: Boberg.

D855.1. D855.1. Magic object acquired as reward for vigil. *BP III 111.--Chinese: Graham.

D855.2. D855.2. Magic object acquired as reward for religious austerities. Chinese: Werner 277.

D855.3. D855.3. Magic object acquired as reward for quest into grave. Icelandic: Boberg.

D855.4. D855.4. Magic object as reward for faith. Jewish: Neuman.

D855.5. D855.5. Magic object as reward for good deeds. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 107 No. 62.

D856. D856. Magic object acquired by gaining love of owner. Type 580.

D857. D857. Magic object born with hero. *Hartland Perseus III 198.--Africa (Fjort): Dennett 60 No. 12.

D858. D858. Magic object acquired by singing. Type 650***.

D859. D859. Magic object obtained--miscellaneous means.

D859.1. D859.1. Magic object acquired by rapping on tree. Fb “lind” II 432a.

D859.2. D859.2. Quest to hell for magic object. Aarne FFC XXIII 130, JSFO XXVII 48.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D859.2.1. D859.2.1. Magic object received from other world. Jewish: Neuman.

D859.3. D859.3. Magic object obtained by reaching in certain cardinal direction. N. A. Indian: *Kroeber JAFL XXI 224, (California): Gayton and Newman 75.

D859.4. D859.4. Magic object eaten unwittingly.

D859.4.1. D859.4.1. Magic bird-heart eaten unwittingly. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 15; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 33.

D859.4.2. D859.4.2. Magic bird-liver eaten unwittingly. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 15.

D859.5. D859.5. Magic object to be chosen from among identical worthless objects. Insect helps in choice. East Africa: Torrend Zs. f. afrikan. u. ozean. Spr. I 247ff.

D859.6. D859.6. Magic object obtained as compensation for loss of entire herd--the spirit of the herd resides in the last goat‘s tail, which old woman keeps. India: Thompson-Balys.

D859.7. D859.7. Magic object left by frightened demons. Korean: Zong in-Sob 144.

D859.8. D859.8. Magic object as ransom of captive. Greek: Grote I 139; Icelandic: Boberg.

D860. D860. Loss of magic object. *Aarne MSFO XXV I--200 passim; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XVIII 452 n. 3.--Chinese: Werner 348, Graham.

D860.0.1. D860.0.1. Death to follow loss of magic object. Irish myth: Cross.

D860.0.2. D860.0.2. Loss of magic object causes madness. India: Thompson-Balys.

D861. D861. Magic object stolen. Fansler MAFLS XII 17; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Georgia Negro: Harris Nights 30; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 130.

D861.0.1. D861.0.1. Magic object stolen from local deity. Chinese: Graham.

D861.1. D861.1. Magic object stolen by host (at inn.) *Type 563; *BP I 349ff.; **Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aubergiste”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 24; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 264 No. 50 (not at inn).

D861.2. D861.2. Magic object stolen by neighbor. **Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96, especially 48; *BP I 349ff.; Type 564.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D861.3. D861.3. Magic object stolen by brothers. Type 563; BP I 349ff.

D861.4. D861.4. Magic object stolen by rival for wife. *Type 560, 561; *Aarne MSFO XXV 3--83; India: Thompson-Balys.

D861.4.1. D861.4.1. Magic object stolen by rival‘s emissary. India: Thompson-Balys.

D861.5. D861.5. Magic object stolen by hero’s wife. *Type 560; **Aarne MSFO XXV 3--83.

D861.5.1. D861.5.1. Magic object stolen by owner‘s fiancйe. German: Grimm No. 122.

D861.6. D861.6. Magic object stolen in card game. *Type 566; BP I 470ff.; Aarne MSFO XXV 85--97.

D861.7. D861.7. Magic object carried off by bird. (Cf. D865.)

D861.7.1. D861.7.1. Magic horn carried off by bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

D861.8. D861.8. Magic object stolen by relatives. Madagascar: Renel I 209ff. No. 40.

D861.8.1. D861.8.1. Magic objects stolen from owner by his daughter, with whom he spends the night. India: Thompson-Balys.

D861.9. D861.9. Magic object stolen by giants. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D861.10. D861.10. Magic object carried away; child allowed to play with it. India: Thompson-Balys.

D862. D862. Magic object taken away by force. India: Thompson-Balys.

D863. D863. Magic object mysteriously disappears. Korean: Zong in-Sob 44.

D865. D865. Magic jewel carried off by bird. This happens when the jewel is examined by daylight. (Cf. D861.7.)--*Chauvin V 211 No. 120; *Gerould PMLA XIX 392ff.; Krappe Neophilologus XIV 90; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D865.1. D865.1. Magic ring carried off by bird. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D866. D866. Magic object destroyed. Japanese: Ikeda.

D866.1. D866.1. Woman cooks the magic fruits. (Cf. D981.)--Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 195.

D866.2. D866.2. Magic object destroyed because of feigned sickness. India: Thompson-Balys.

D867. D867. Magic object mysteriously disappears. Korean: Zong in-Sob 44.

D867.1. D867.1. Magic object disappears at owner‘s death. Irish myth: Cross (D857).

D868. D868. Magic object returns to original place.

D868.1. D868.1. Magic mango returns to tree for broken tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

D871. D871. Magic object traded away.

D871.1. D871.1. Magic object exchanged for worthless. Foolish brother (wife) exchanges old object for new. *Type 561; *BP II 205.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D871.1.1. D871.1.1. Exchange of common cow for gold-dropping cow made by daughter when her father stops at her home for the night. India: Thompson-Balys.

D876. D876. Magic treasure animal killed. (Goose that laid the golden egg). Greek fable: Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 283), 106 (ST 182); Babrius 123; Halm Aesop No. 343.--India: Keith 145 (gold-producing boy), Thompson-Balys; Panchatantra III 6 (tr. Ryder) 331; Cowell Jataka I 292 No. 136; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesian: Dixon 238 n. 51; N. A. Indian: *Thompson-Tales 306 n. 109z.

D877. D877. Magic object loses power by overuse. *Chauvin V 11 No. 7; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106, 109.--Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 248 No. 24.

D877.1. D877.1. Magic wishing-ring loses power by touching water. Irish myth: Cross.

D877.2. D877.2. Extraordinary flower preserves its freshness so long as it remains unperceived by anyone other than owner. India: Thompson-Balys.

D878. D878. Magic object voluntarily restored to giver. Irish myth: Cross.

D878.1. D878.1. Magic sword returned to lake whence it was received. Taken back by lake spirit. (Excalibur). (Cf. D813.1.1.)--English: Wells 50 (Le Morte Arthur); Indo-Chinese: Scott 303.

D878.2. D878.2. Magic sword thrown into lake by dying hero. Irish myth: Cross.

D880. D880. Recovery of magic object. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XVIII 452 n. 3; *Aarne MSFO XXV 3ff.--Chinese: Werner 348; India: Thompson-Balys.

D880.0.1. D880.0.1. Recovery of magic object cures madness. India: Thompson-Balys.

D881. D881. Magic object recovered by using second magic object. *Type 561; *Aarne MSFO XXV 3--83; *BP II 547ff.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 24.

D881.1. D881.1. Recovery of magic object by use of magic apples. These apples cause horns to grow. (Cf. D895.) *Type 566; BP I 470ff; Aarne MSFO XXV 85--97.

D881.2. D881.2. Recovery of magic object by use of magic cudgel. (Cf. D1094.)--*Types 563, 564; BP I 349ff.; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96--India: *Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 248 No. 25.

D882. D882. Magic object stolen back.

D882.1. D882.1. Stolen magic object stolen back by helpful animals. Korean: Zong in-Sob 28.

D882.1.1. D882.1.1. Stolen magic object stolen back by helpful cat and dog. They steal the ring from the thief‘s mouth.--*Type 560; **Aarne MSFO XXV 3--82 BP II 455.--India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen Nos. 67, 170 notes.

D882.1.2. D882.1.2. Magic object recovered with lioness‘s help. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (D887).

D882.2. D882.2. Recovered magic articles dropped by rescuing animals into the sea. Kцhler-Bolte I 437; India: Thompson-Balys.

D882.3. D882.3. Magic object stolen back by servant. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D882.4. D882.4. Stolen magic object stolen back by man in disguise. India: Thompson-Balys.

D883. D883. Magic (marvelous object) given back to placate crying child. India: Thompson-Balys.

D884. D884. Thief forced to vomit up stolen magic object. India: Thompson-Balys.

D885. D885. Magic object recovered with devil’s help. Types 360, 361, 475; BP II 423.

D885.1. D885.1. Magic object recovered with witch‘s help. Georgia Negro: Harris Nights 30.

D886. D886. Magic object recovered through recitation of magic formula. Chinese: Werner 358.

D895. D895. Magic object returned in payment for removal of magic horns. (Cf. D881.1).--*Type 566.

D900--D1299.

D900--D1299. Kinds of magic objects.

D900. D900. Magic weather phenomena.

D900.0.1. D900.0.1. Prognostications from weather phenomena. Irish myth: *Cross.

D901. D901. Magic cloud. *Chauvin V 230; Fb “sky”; Jewish: *Neuman.

D902. D902. Magic rain. (Cf. D910.) *Basset RTP XXXIII 167f.--Irish: Cross; Plummer clxxx; Chinese: Werner 205.

D902.1. D902.1. Magic mist. *Fb “tеge” III 945a; *Cox Cinderella 477; Irish: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wimberly 321; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “brume”; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 221b.

D902.1.1. D902.1.1. Druidic mist. Irish myth: *Cross.

D902.2. D902.2. Magic dew. *Fb “Sankt Hansdag” III 161a.

D902.3. D902.3. Magic hail. Irish myth: Cross.

D903. D903. Magic snow. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 170.

D904. D904. Magic ice. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516.

D905. D905. Magic storm. *Fb “storm” III 595b, 596a, “skеl” III 352b, “vand” III 1001b; *Penzer IV 213; Morgan MPh. VI 331; Nitze MPh. VII 145.--Babylonian: Spence 77; Irish myth: *Cross; MacCulloch Celtic 44; Welsh: ibid. 191; Icelandic: *Boberg, Middle English: Wells 65 (Ywain and Gawain); Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1269; Korean: Zong in-Sob 170f.

D906. D906. Magic wind. *Fb “wind”, “vindknude”; Frazer Golden Bough I 119ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lappish: Holmberg Lappalaisten uskonto 75; Estonian: Eisen Estnische Mythologie 100; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 344.

D908. D908. Magic darkness. *Fb “tеge” III 945a; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Homer Iliad III 382, V 23, Odyssey XXIII 372; Jewish: *Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.

D910. D910. Magic body of Water. *A. Hertel Verzauberte Oertlichkeiten (Hannover 1908).--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D911. D911. Magic sea. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “tonneau”; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 82.

D911.1. D911.1. Magic wave. Irish myth: Cross.

D911.1.1. D911.1.1. Magic virtue of nine waves. Irish myth: *Cross.

D915. D915. Magic river. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “riviиre”; Jewish: *Neuman; Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 416; Hottentot: Bleek 75 No. 36; Zulu: Callaway 90.

D915.1. D915.1. River produced by magic. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “riviиre”.

D915.2. D915.2. River contained under cock’s wings. *Type 715.

D915.2.1. D915.2.1. River contained in bird‘s ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

D915.3. D915.3. River contained in box. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “riviиre”.

D915.4. D915.4. Intermittent river. River flows at stated intervals. *Chauvin VII 44 No. 153.

D915.4.1. D915.4.1. Sabbatical river. Dry on Sabbath. *Chauvin VII 44 No. 153; Gaster Exempla 188 No. 15; India: Thompson-Balys.

D915.5. D915.5. River issuing from cave controlled by race of Amazons. Hartland Science 202.

D915.6. D915.6. Magic flood. India: Thompson-Balys.

D921. D921. Magic lake (pond). *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV (1933) 107ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 137 (lake of gems).

D921.1. D921.1. Lake (pond) produced by magic. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йtang”; Irish myth: *Cross.

D921.2. D921.2. Lake produced by belches after magic draught. Irish myth: Cross.

D921.3. D921.3. Lake under which supernatural smith lives. Irish myth: *Cross.

D921.3.1. D921.3.1. Lake of milk created through merit of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

D921.4. D921.4. Magic tank. India: Thompson-Balys.

D925. D925. Magic fountain. (Cf. D926, D927.) *Dh II 154; *Wьnsche Die Sagen vom Lebensbaum und Lebenswasser (Leipzig, 1905); *Hopkins JAOS XXVI 1--67, 411--413; *Fb “ungdom” III 979b; Penzer IV 145; *Patch PMLA XXXIII 670 n. 67.--Irish myth: *Cross, Plummer cl--clii, clxxii; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fontaine”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10--12; Tirol: Zingerle 588; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 284 n. 50a.; Lat. American: Alexander Lat. Am. 20 n. 6, 349.

D925.0.1. D925.0.1. Magic oil-spouting fountain. Italian: Basile introduction.

D925.0.2. D925.0.2. Miraculous well yielding milk, beer or wine. *Loomis White Magic 38.

D925.1. D925.1. Fountain magically made. Irish: Plummer cl, Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Jewish: *Neuman, Gaster Exempla 225 No. 206.

D925.1.0.1. D925.1.0.1. Fountain bursts forth where water is not available for baptismal ceremonies of future saint. *Loomis White Magic 23.

D925.1.1. D925.1.1. Saint produces fountain by means of his tears. *Loomis White Magic 37.

D925.1.2. D925.1.2. Fountain gushes up at place where saint’s head was cut off. *Loomis White Magic 37.

D925.1.3. D925.1.3. Samson makes sweet water flow from jawbone. *Loomis White Magic 37.

D925.2. D925.2. Fountain is inhabited by sacred oracular fish. *Loomis White Magic 38.

D926. D926. Magic well. (Cf. D925, D927.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 54.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106f.; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 189.

D926.1. D926.1. Well produced by magic. Jewish: Neuman.

D926.1.1. D926.1.1. Well produced by saint invoking heaven. *Loomis White Magic 37.

D927. D927. Magic spring. (Cf. D925, D926.) *Fb “blind” IV 45b; *Herbert III 238; *Oesterley No 253; Child I 192.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

D927.1. D927.1. Spring made by magic. P. Saintyves Le Miracle de l’apparition des eaux (Revue de l‘Universitй de Bruxelles 1912, 265--94).--Germanic: De la Saussaye 254 (Balder); French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Jewish *Neuman.

D927.1.1. D927.1.1. Saint causes water to issue from cut in a tree. *Loomis White Magic 37.

D927.2. D927.2. Magic spring guarded by demons (monsters). Irish myth: Cross.

D927.2.1. D927.2.1. Magic spring guarded by druids. Irish myth: Cross.

D927.3. D927.3. Spring augments milk of nursing mothers who drink its water. *Loomis White Magic 38.

D927.4. D927.4. Spring follows saint to his country. *Loomis White Magic 38.

D927.5. D927.5. Spring runs dry (as result of fratricide). Irish myth: *Cross.

D928. D928. Magic water-hole.

D928.1. D928.1. Water-hole made by magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 180; Southern Paiute (Maopa): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 168 No. 5a.

D930. D930. Magic land features. *Hertel Verzauberte Oertlichkeiten (Hannover, 1908).

D931. D931. Magic rock (stone). *Type 593, 870A; Kцhler-Bolte I 114, 572; *Fb “sten” III 553a, 554a, “шnske” III 1178b; Hartland Science 242; *Penzer III 161 n. 1, 162 n., V 177; Reinhart PMLA XXXVIII 458 n. 108.--Greek: Fox 111, 137, (modern): Hahn No. 34; German: Grimm No. 163; Irish: Plummer clv--clvii, *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner 309 No. 9; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Graham, Werner 383.--Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 118; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 15; Southern Paiute: Lowie JAFL XXXVII 143f. No. 15. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 366, (Kaffir): Theal 36, 161, (Angola): Chatelain 47 (version B), (Zulu): Callaway 143, (Fang): Trilles Lйgendes 140, Einstein 99.

D931.0.1. D931.0.1. Stone produced by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D931.0.2. D931.0.2. Stones fixed in the earth have certain magic powers. *Fb II 47 s.v. “jordfast (sten)”; Цrvar-Odds saga 136.

D931.0.2.1. D931.0.2.1. Location of magic stone determines race of king of country. Irish myth: Cross.

D931.0.3. D931.0.3. Stone on which saint is baptized (is born) has magic powers. Irish myth: *Cross.

D931.0.4. D931.0.4. Magic stone as amulet. (Cf. D1274.1.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 148, Rasmussen II 233.

D931.1. D931.1. Magic coal. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 69, Beal XXI 326.

D931.1.1. D931.1.1. Magic soot. Africa (Washaga): Gutman 137.

D931.1.2. D931.1.2. Magic ashes. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 180ff.

D931.1.3. D931.1.3. Magic lampblack. India: Thompson-Balys.

D931.1.4. D931.1.4. Magic lime.

D931.2. D931.2. Magic pebble. Jewish: Neuman.

D932. D932. Magic mountain. *Type 676; Fb “rundt”.

D932.0.1. D932.0.1. Mountain created by magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D932.1. D932.1. Magic cliff.

D932.2. D932.2. Magic hill.

D933. D933. Magic sink-hole. Fb “grшft”.

D934. D934. Magic turf. *Fb “grжstшrv”.

D934.1. D934.1. Magic sod. Irish myth: Cross.

D935. D935. Magic earth (soil). *Fb “muld” II 619.--Irish: Plummer clxxx, *Cross; O’Suilleabhain 92, Beal XXI 329; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer III 227f.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 161f.

D935.0.1. D935.0.1. Magic earth from crossroads. (Cf. D1786.) Seligmann 151.

D935.1. D935.1. Magic sand.

D935.2. D935.2. Magic clay. India: Thompson-Balys.

D935.3. D935.3. Magic dust. India: Thompson-Balys.

D935.4. D935.4. Magic brick. India: Thompson-Balys.

D936. D936. Magic island. Irish myth: Cross.

D936.1. D936.1. Island made by magic. Greek: Pauly-Wissowa s.v. “Anaphe”.

D937. D937. Magic plain. Irish myth: Cross.

D940. D940. Magic forests.

D941. D941. Magic forest. Saintyves Perrault 65; Wimberly 124.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer VIII 222 n. 2.

D941.1. D941.1. Forest produced by magic. Saintyves Perrault 92.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “forкt”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D945. D945. Magic hedge. *Type 410; BP I 440.--Irish: Plummer clxi, *Cross.

D950. D950. Magic tree. *Types 330, 510, 511; BP II 188 n. 1; Dh II 10, 30ff.; A. F. Schmidt Hultrжr i Danmark (Danske Studier 1932 33ff.); Kцhler Aufsдtze 19ff.: *Fb “trж” III 866a, 867a; Chauvin VII 95 No. 375; Penzer I 144, *VIII 69 n. 1.--Irish: Plummer cliii, *Cross; German: Grimm No. 123; Persian: Carnoy 281, Coyajee JPASB XXIV 185f., 194; Chinese: Ferguson 104, Eberhard FFC CXX 46.--Indonesian: Dixon 238 n. 51; Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 172; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 297 n. 86a, (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 391 No. 70; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 146, 218, (Upoto): Einstein 123.

D950.0.1. D950.0.1. Magic tree guarded by serpent (dragon) coiled around its roots. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 87f. (Apples of Hesperides).

D950.0.1.1. D950.0.1.1. Magic tree guarded by giant ogre. Irish myth: *Cross.

D950.0.2. D950.0.2. Magic tree at bottom of lake. Irish myth: Cross.

D950.1. D950.1. Magic hazel tree. *BP III 477. Irish: Plummer cliii, *Cross.

D950.2. D950.2. Magic oak tree. Type 577.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 109.

D950.3. D950.3. Magic peach tree. Chinese: Werner 173.

D950.4. D950.4. Magic cherry tree. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cerisier”.

D950.5. D950.5. Magic pear tree. Fb “pжretrж”; cf. Type 1423; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Birne”.

D950.6. D950.6. Magic ash tree (quicken, rowan). *Fb “usynlig”; Irish myth: *Cross.

D950.7. D950.7. Magic lime tree. Irish: Plummer cliii, *Cross.

D950.8. D950.8. Magic fig tree. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D950.9. D950.9. Magic olive tree. Jewish: *Neuman.

D950.10. D950.10. Magic apple tree. Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D950.11. D950.11. Magic alder tree. Irish myth: *Cross.

D950.12. D950.12. Magic birch tree. Irish myth: Cross.

D950.13. D950.13. Magic hawthorn. Irish myth: *Cross.

D950.14. D950.14. Magic yew tree. Irish myth: *Cross.

D950.14.1. D950.14.1. Magic yew tree created by fairies. Irish myth: Cross.

D950.15. D950.15. Magic bamboo tree. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 80.

D950.16. D950.16. Magic nut tree. Jewish: Neuman.

D950.17. D950.17. Magic laurel tree. Jewish: Neuman.

D950.18. D950.18. Magic cedar tree. Jewish: Neuman.

D950.19. D950.19. Magic palm tree. Jewish: Neuman.

D951. D951. Tree produced by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D951.1. D951.1. Magic tree springs from fairyland berry. Irish myth: Cross.

D952. D952. Magic tree-bark.

D953. D953. Magic twig. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D953.1. D953.1. Origin of magic twig. Irish myth: Cross.

D953.1.1. D953.1.1. Magic twigs grow from buried magic vessel. Irish myth: Cross.

D953.2. D953.2. Magic birch twig. (Cf. D950.12.) Irish myth: Cross.

D954. D954. Magic bough. *Chauvin V 229 No. 130; Fb “finkelrut”.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 114f.; *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 51 No. 340; India: Thompson-Balys.

D955. D955. Magic leaf. Type 612; *BP I 128; *Fb “blad” IV 44a.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 8, Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 280, (Ekoi): Talbot 115, 188, (Zulu): Callaway 191.

D956. D956. Magic stick of wood. BP II 527; Jewish: *Neuman.

D957. D957. Magic faggot. Irish myth: Cross.

D958. D958. Magic thorn. *Kцhler-Bolte I 261.--Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child V 496 s.v. “sleep”; Hindu: Penzer III 227f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D960. D960. Magic gardens and plants.

D961. D961. Magic garden. *Type 550; BP II 232.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Penzer I 66f.; N. Am. Indian (Tsimshian): Boas RBAE XXXI 182; Africa (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

D961.1. D961.1. Garden produced by magic. (Cf. D2178.) Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Penzer VIII 92.

D962. D962. Magic vineyard. Jewish: Neuman.

D964. D964. Magic bush. (Cf. D960, D965.) Basile Pentamerone IV 6; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 74, Beal XXI 326; Jewish: *Neuman.

D965. D965. Magic plant. *BP I 128; Fb “blad” IV 44a, “vild” III 1052b; *Chauvin II 193 No. 12, V 14 No. 9; VI 73f. No. 239.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “herbe”; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 312 n. 2, Fox 263; Jewish: Neuman; Babylonian: Spence 158, 160, 178; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer; Chinese: Werner 299.

D965.0.1. D965.0.1. Honeysuckle “king of trees.” Irish myth: Cross.

D965.1. D965.1. Magic mandrake. **Starck Der Alraun; *Taylor JAFL XXXI 561f.; Penzer III 153f.; F. Ohrt Dragedukker i Danmark (Danske Studier 1930 63ff., 186); *Fb “alrunerot” IV 10a; *Frazer Old Testament II 372ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 311 s.v. “Alraun”.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

D965.2. D965.2. Magic calabash (gourd). Chinese: Werner 347; Korean: Zong in-Sob 288; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 27, 34, (Yoruba): Ellis 246, (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

D965.3. D965.3. Magic rosebush. BP II 527.

D965.4. D965.4. Magic mistletoe. *K. v. Tubeuf Monographie der Mistel (Mьnchen, 1923); *Frazer Golden Bough XII 373 s.v. “mistletoe”, XI 78ff.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D965.4.1. D965.4.1. Mistletoe used by druids. Irish myth: Cross.

D965.5. D965.5. Moly: magic plant. *Taylor JAFL XXXI 561.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 288 n. 1.

D965.6. D965.6. Magic lotus plant. (Cf. D975.1.) Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 280 n. 2; Japanese: Ikeda.

D965.7. D965.7. Magic four-leaf clover. *BP III 201; Fb “firklшver”.

D965.8. D965.8. Magic corn. (Cf. D973.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

D965.8.1. D965.8.1. Magic rice (plant.).

D965.9. D965.9. Magic laurel (plant). Hartland Science 204.

D965.10. D965.10. Magic myrtle. Hartland Science 204.

D965.11. D965.11. Magic plantain. Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 126.

D965.12. D965.12. Magic grass. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Graham.

D965.13. D965.13. Magic flax. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 673ff., Index No. 3697.

D965.14. D965.14. Magic fern blossom. May be obtained on St. John’s eve. Lithuanian: Balys Index 3644.

D965.15. D965.15. Magic barley plant. (Cf. D973.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D965.16. D965.16. Magic rue.

D965.17. D965.17. Magic tobacco plant.

D965.18. D965.18. Magic weeds.

D965.19. D965.19. Magic myrtle. Jewish: Neuman.

D967. D967. Magic roots. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Baholoholo): Einstein 233.

D971. D971. Magic seed. Danish: Fb “frш” I 378b; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer VI 62ff; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 36f.; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 178.

D971.1. D971.1. Magic mustard-seed. Penzer VI 5, 29, 109, 123f.

D971.2. D971.2. Magic hemp-seed. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chenevis”; English: Child V 59, 286a.

D971.3. D971.3. Magic fern-seed. *Cox Cinderella 517.

D971.4. D971.4. Magic black cummin. India: Thompson-Balys.

D973. D973. Magic grains. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D973.1. D973.1. Magic rice-grains. Tawney II 453; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D973.1.1. D973.1.1. Rice-grains magically produced by gourd. India: Thompson-Balys.

D973.2. D973.2. Magic barley. (Cf. D965.15.) Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer VI 55 n. 2.

D974. D974. Magic plant-sap. Dh II 154.

D975. D975. Magic flower. *Basset 1001 Contes I 143; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 108; Japanese: Ikeda.

D975.1. D975.1. Magic lotus-flower. (Cf. D965.6, D1641.15.) India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 322.

D975.2. D975.2. Magic rose. Kцhler-Bolte II 447.

D976. D976. Magic thorn.

D977. D977. Magic stalk.

D978. D978. Magic herbs. (Cf. D965.) India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross.

D980. D980. Magic fruits and vegetables.

D981. D981. Magic fruit. *Type 566; *Aarne MSFO XXV 122; Fb “nжse” II 716b; *Penzer VI 216; *Basset 1001 Contes I 143; *Chauvin VI 74 No. 239.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Tawney I 259f., 310n., 382, II 142n., 198n., 596n.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 105; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesian: DeVries’s list No. 195.

D981.0.1. D981.0.1. Magic fruit juice.

D981.1. D981.1. Magic apple. *Types 400, 500, 590, 708, 709; *Aarne MSFO XXV 121; *BP I 463, 482, III 97; *Kцhler-Bolte I 118, 143; *Fb “guldжble” I 516a, “жble” III 1135f, “шnske” III 1178b; *Chauvin VI 74 No. 239, 133 No. 286.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 280, *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cornes”, “pomme”; English: Child I 364; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights S IV 434ff.

D981.1.1. D981.1.1. Magic apple from Garden of the Hesperides. Irish myth: *Cross.

D981.2. D981.2. Magic peach. Chinese: Werner 270, Eberhard FFC CXX 210.

D981.3. D981.3. Magic orange. *Type 408.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “orange”.

D981.4. D981.4. Magic cherry. Aarne MSFO XXV 121; Fb “kirsebжr”; Penzer I 27.

D981.5. D981.5. Magic fig. (Cf. D1375.1.1.5.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56, 116 Nos. 408*A, 970; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer I 27.

D981.6. D981.6. Magic pear. (Cf. D1375.1.1.6, D1375.2.1.3.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Birne”.

D981.7. D981.7. Magic plum. (Cf. D1375.1.1.7.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D981.8. D981.8. Magic grape. (Cf. D1375.1.1.8.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121; Jewish: *Neuman.

D981.9. D981.9. Magic date (fruit). (Cf. D1375.1.1.9.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D981.10. D981.10. Magic berry. (Cf. D1375.1.1.10.) Aarne MSFO XXV 122; Irish myth: *Cross.

D981.10.1. D981.10.1. Magic cranberry. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 91.

D981.11. D981.11. Magic pumpkin. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 58, 67, 221.

D981.12. D981.12. Magic pomegranate. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D981.13. D981.13. Magic bananas.

D983. D983. Magic vegetable. *Aarne MSFO XXV 143n., *BP III 6; Type 567.

D983.1. D983.1. Magic bean. *BP II 527.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 124 No. 1374A; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fиve”.

D983.2. D983.2. Magic yam. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 90 No. 16.

D983.3. D983.3. Magic leek. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D983.4. D983.4. Magic garlic. Jewish: Neuman.

D983.5. D983.5. Magic egg-plant.

D985. D985. Magic nut. Cox Cinderella Nos. 6, 72, 76, 88 and passim; Fb “nшd” II 719a.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “noix”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400 B*; Italian: Basile introduction; Jewish: Neuman.

D985.1. D985.1. Magic coconut-shell. Sulka of New Britain: Dixon 132 and 132 n. 2.

D985.2. D985.2. Magic chestnut. Italian: Basile Pentamerone introduction.

D985.3. D985.3. Magic hazel-nut. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Basile introduction.

D985.4. D985.4. Magic acorn. Irish myth: Cross.

D985.5. D985.5. Magic betel-nut. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 93.

D990--D1029.

D990--D1029. MAGIC BODILY MEMBERS

D990. D990. Magic bodily members--human. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 318 n. 150.

D991. D991. Magic hair. *Fb “guld” I 512a, “hеr” I 771ab, “styrke” III 630a; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1274; Kцhler-Bolte I 126, 573; *Penzer VIII 59 n. 3; MacCulloch Childhood 211; Chauvin V 230 No. 130; *Wesselski Mдrchen 196; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 150.--Irish myth: Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508A*; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 117 n. 3, Fox 69, 77; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian (Mohegan): Speck JAFL XVI 106; (Micmac): Rand 356, 369 Nos 67, 71, Leland 83, (Skidi Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VII 102, 113 Nos. 28, 31, (Wichita): Dorsey CI XXI No. 19, (Modoc): Curtin Myths of the Modocs (Boston 1912) 32, 46, (Ojibwa): Radin GSCan II 51; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 97; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 131.

D991.1. D991.1. Magic beard. Fb “styrke” III 630a.

D991.2. D991.2. Magic pubic hair. *Fb “kusse” II 334a; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 290 n. 65, (Tlingit): Golder JAFL XX 292.

D991.3. D991.3. Magic ball of hair. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 667.

D992. D992. Magic head. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 105; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “tкte”; Jewish: Neuman.

D992.1. D992.1. Magic horns (grow on person‘s forehead). (Cf. D1011.1.) *Type 566; Penzer III 187.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; bin Gorion Born Judas@2 IV 122; N. A. Indian (Mohegan): Speck JAFL XVII 184.

D992.2. D992.2. Magic lips. Type 403; Kцhler-Bolte I 126.--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10.

D992.3. D992.3. Magic face. Jewish: *Neuman.

D992.4. D992.4. Magic skull.

D992.5. D992.5. Magic tongue. Jewish: Neuman.

D993. D993. Magic eye. See references to D2071. Jewish: Neuman.

D995. D995. Magic foot.

D995.1. D995.1. Magic toe. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 56 No. 9.

D996. D996. Magic hand. *Penzer III 150; *Baker AA o.s. I 51ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D996.0.1. D996.0.1. Magic right hand.

D996.0.1.1. D996.0.1.1. Magic power of right hand for good. Irish myth: *Cross.

D996.0.2. D996.0.2. Magic left hand. Irish myth: Cross.

D996.0.2.1. D996.0.2.1. Magic power of left hand for evil. Irish myth: *Cross.

D996.1. D996.1. Magic finger. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D997. D997. Magic internal organs--human.

D997.1. D997.1. Magic heart--human.

D997.1.1. D997.1.1. Magic heart of unborn child. *Fb “hjжrte” I 631b.

D997.2. D997.2. Magic brain. Irish myth: Cross.

D997.3. D997.3. Magic liver. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D998. D998. Magic private parts--human. Taylor MLN XXXI (1916) 249 n. 2; Gaster Thespis 327.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 nn. 83a, 83b.

D1001. D1001. Magic spittle. *Type 313; *BP II 527 n. 1; *Fb “spytte” III 514b, 515a; Penzer VIII 59 n. 3.--Irish: Plummer clxxxiii, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Dixon 59; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 190, 331 n. 196a; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 64, 234, (Upoto): Einstein 125; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 263 No. 67.

D1002. D1002. Magic excrements. Hindu: Keith 145; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 161; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 296 n. 83c, 329 n. 190a, (Takelma): Sapir UPa II 65 No. 4.

D1002.1. D1002.1. Magic urine.

D1003. D1003. Magic blood--human. *Fb “blod” IV 46--48; *BP II 527 n. 1; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Blut”.--Irish: Plummer cl, clxxxi, *Cross; English: Child I 172, II 39b; Italian: Basile II 5, III 9, Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman, Gaster Thespis 296; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 98.

D1003.1. D1003.1. Magic menstrual blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1003.2. D1003.2. Magic blood of circumcision. Jewish: Neuman.

D1003.3. D1003.3. Magic blood of unborn child. Jewish: Neuman.

D1004. D1004. Magic tears. Hartland Science 238.--Irish: Plummer cl, *Cross; Norse: De la Saussaye 277; Jewish: *Neuman; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 190b.

D1005. D1005. Magic breath. Irish: Plummer clxxii, *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1006. D1006. Magic buttocks. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 83.

D1007. D1007. Magic bone (human). (Cf. D1013.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1008. D1008. Magic human flesh. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 329.

D1009. D1009. Magic bodily members (human)--miscellaneous.

D1009.1. D1009.1. Magic scab (from skin). Tsimshian: Boas BBAE XXVII 190.

D1009.2. D1009.2. Magic tooth. Irish myth: Cross.

D1009.2.1. D1009.2.1. Magic dead man‘s tooth. Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 460 nn. *11, 13.

D1009.3. D1009.3. Magic breasts of woman.

D1010. D1010. Magic bodily members--animal. Jewish: *Neuman.

D1011. D1011. Magic animal head.

D1011.0.1. D1011.0.1. Magic bird head. *Aarne MSFO XXV 175; *Type 567; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1011.0.2. D1011.0.2. Magic ass‘s head. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 425.

D1011.0.3. D1011.0.3. Magic serpent head. Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 33.

D1011.1. D1011.1. Magic animal horn. (Cf. D992.1.) Cross MPh X 289; Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Fox 93; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 160 No. 23, 242 No. 35, (Kaffir): Theal 169f; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand 196 No. 25.

D1011.2. D1011.2. Magic ear of animal. See references to B115.1.

D1011.3. D1011.3. Magic animal‘s crown.

D1011.3.1. D1011.3.1. Magic serpent’s crown. (Cf. B112.) Cox Cinderella 517.

D1011.4. D1011.4. Magic tooth of animal. Jewish: Neuman.

D1011.5. D1011.5. Magic lips of animal.

D1011.6. D1011.6. Magic tongue of animal. Jewish: Neuman.

D1011.7. D1011.7. Magic brain of animal.

D1012. D1012. Magic limbs of animal.

D1012.1. D1012.1. Magic legs of animal.

D1012.1.1. D1012.1.1. Magic legs of bull. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1013. D1013. Magic bone of animal. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “os”; cf. Type 780.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 180 No. 26, 190 No. 28.

D1013.1. D1013.1. Magic chicken-thigh. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1015. D1015. Magic internal organs of animal.

D1015.1. D1015.1. Magic heart of animal.

D1015.1.1. D1015.1.1. Magic bird heart. *Type 567; *BP I 528, III 3ff.; *Aarne MSFO XXV 176; Penzer I 19 n. 2; *Fb “hjжrte” I 631b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mendiant”.

D1015.1.2. D1015.1.2. Magic dragon heart. (Cf. B11.2.9.) Icelandic: Vцlsunga Saga 66.

D1015.1.3. D1015.1.3. Magic serpent heart. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 43 No. 302 A*.

D1015.1.4. D1015.1.4. Magic wolf heart. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1015.1.5. D1015.1.5. Magic fox heart. Jewish: Neuman.

D1015.2. D1015.2. Magic gall-bladder of animal. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 214 No. 32; (Ekoi): Talbot 27.

D1015.3. D1015.3. Magic entrails of animal.

D1015.3.1. D1015.3.1. Magic entrails of bird. Aarne MSFO XXV 176.

D1015.3.2. D1015.3.2. Magic entrails of goat. German: Grimm No. 130.

D1015.4. D1015.4. Magic liver of animal. Chinese-Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 187.

D1015.4.1. D1015.4.1. Magic bird liver. *Aarne MSFO XXV 176; Type 567.

D1015.5. D1015.5. Magic stomach of animal.

D1015.5.1. D1015.5.1. Magic stomach of hare. Jewish: Neuman.

D1016. D1016. Magic blood of animal. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 187.

D1017. D1017. Magic flesh of animal. Irish: Cross.

D1017.1. D1017.1. Magic fat of animal.

D1017.1.1. D1017.1.1. Magic fat of crow. Fb “fedt” I 278b.

D1018. D1018. Magic milk of animal. *Kцhler-Bolte I 468; Dh II 154.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 70.

D1021. D1021. Magic feather. *Types 552, 534*; BP III 18ff.; 424ff.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “plume”; English: Child V 496 s.v. “sleep”; Persian: Carnoy 290, 331; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 304; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 126.

D1021.1. D1021.1. Magic bird‘s power in one feather. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1022. D1022. Magic wings. Aarne MSFO XXV 176; Jewish: Neuman.

D1022.0.1. D1022.0.1. Wings grown by magic. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ailes”.

D1023. D1023. Magic hair of animal. Fb “hеr” I 771b.

D1023.1. D1023.1. Magic hair of bear. *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

D1023.2. D1023.2. Magic hair of fox. *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

D1023.3. D1023.3. Magic hair of lion’s tail. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D1023.4. D1023.4. Magic hair of ant‘s beard. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D1024. D1024. Magic egg. Irish myth: Cross (D1019); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oeuf”; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 104f., 151; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 269 No. 81, 277 No. 89.

D1025. D1025. Magic skin of animal.

D1025.1. D1025.1. Magic pigskin. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 40; *Cross.

D1025.2. D1025.2. Magic fishskin. *Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1025.3. D1025.3. Magic mouseskin. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 97.

D1025.4. D1025.4. Magic skin of swallow. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 53.

D1025.5. D1025.5. Magic cowhide. Irish myth: Cross.

D1025.6. D1025.6. Magic dogskin. Irish myth: Cross.

D1025.7. D1025.7. Magic horseskin. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 79.

D1025.8. D1025.8. Magic sheepskin. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1025.9. D1025.9. Magic sealskin.

D1026. D1026. Magic dung of animal. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1026.1. D1026.1. Magic bird dung. Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 256 No. 4.

D1026.2. D1026.2. Magic cow-dung. BP II 527 n. 1.

D1027. D1027. Magic urine of animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D1027.1. D1027.1. Magic urine of serpent. Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 204 No. 10.

D1028. D1028. Magic shell of animal.

D1028.1. D1028.1. Magic conch shell. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1028.2. D1028.2. Magic tortoise shell.

D1029. D1029. Other bodily members of animals--magic.

D1029.0.1. D1029.0.1. Other bodily members of bird--magic. Aarne MSFO XXV 176.

D1029.1. D1029.1. Magic breath of animal. Irish myth: Cross.

D1029.2. D1029.2. Magic tail of animal. Jewish: Neuman.

D1029.2.1. D1029.2.1. Magic yak tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1029.2.2. D1029.2.2. Magic goat tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1029.2.3. D1029.2.3. Magic snake tail. Jewish: Neuman.

D1029.3. D1029.3. Magic animal feet.

D1029.4. D1029.4. Magic sex organs of animal.

D1029.5. D1029.5. Magic spittle of animal. (Cf. D1001.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1029.6. D1029.6. Magic shell of animal. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 107.

D1030. D1030. Magic food. *Fb “tшnde” III 934b, “mad” II 525a, “styrke” III 630a.--Irish: Plummer clxxxv, *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 57, Bйal XXI 322; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 254, Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Arabic: Burton Nights II 212; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippines: Dixon 221ff.; Melanesian: ibid. 224 n. 28; Indonesian: ibid. 238 n. 51; Java: ibid. 209; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 446, Rasmussen I 202; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 335 n. 210.

D1030.1. D1030.1. Food supplied by magic. Most of the references in D1030 also belong here. *Types 563, 564.--Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 38, Beal XXI 314; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 192; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “repas”; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 238 n. 51; Jamaican: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 248 No. 25; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 248; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 44, 88.

D1030.1.1. D1030.1.1. Food supplied by means of prayer. Irish myth: Cross.

D1030.2. D1030.2. Magic banquet. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1030.3. D1030.3. Magic food from herbs. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1031. D1031. Magic pastry (bread, cake, etc.).

D1031.0.1. D1031.0.1. Manna. Food from skies in basket each morning. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Maidu): Dixon BAM XVII 39ff. No. 1.

D1031.1. D1031.1. Magic bread. *Type 310C*; *Fb “brшd” IV 74b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pain”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 60 No. 438*; Jewish: Neuman; Babylonian: Gilgamesch-Epos XI 220ff., cf. p. 141ff.

D1031.1.1. D1031.1.1. Consecrated bread as magic object. *Kittredge Witchcraft 149f., 469 nn. 103--116; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 25, 48f., Beal XXI 307, 317f.

D1031.2. D1031.2. Magic cake. *Type 751; *BP II 527 n. 1.--Chinese: Werner 186.

D1031.2.1. D1031.2.1. Cake made by rubbing flour on griddle. Irish myth: Cross.

D1031.2.2. D1031.2.2. Magic cake of figs. Jewish: *Neuman.

D1032. D1032. Magic meat. Type 301C*; Irish myth: Cross; *Frazer Apollodorus II 70 n. 2; Africa (Benga): Nassau 227 No. 34.

D1032.1. D1032.1. Magic meal of fishes. Mark 6: 41--44.

D1032.2. D1032.2. Flesh of cat when chewed has magic results. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1032.3. D1032.3. Flesh of dog when chewed has magic results. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1032.4. D1032.4. Flesh of pig when chewed has magic results. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1033. D1033. Magic cereal (food).

D1033.0.1. D1033.0.1. Cereal from man‘s body. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1033.1. D1033.1. Magic rice. Indonesian: DeVries’s list No. 206; Chinese: Graham.

D1033.2. D1033.2. Magic wheat. Irish myth: Cross.

D1034. D1034. Magic vegetable (as food). (Cf. D983.) Icelandic: Ragnars saga 112.

D1035. D1035. Magic nuts (as food). (Cf. D985.)

D1035.1. D1035.1. Magic chestnut (as food). Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 148, 187, 199, 503.

D1035.2. D1035.2. Magic coconut (as food). Leper‘s Island: Dixon 127.

D1036. D1036. Magic dairy products.

D1036.1. D1036.1. Magic cheese. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 318 No. 3, 321 No. 59.

D1037. D1037. Magic honey. Irish myth: *Cross, Beal XXI 337; Gaster Thespis 364; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Keith 158.

D1038. D1038. Magic sweets.

D1039. D1039. Magic food--miscellaneous.

D1039.1. D1039.1. Magic vermicelli. Chinese: Werner 222.

D1039.2. D1039.2. Magic salt. Jewish: Neuman; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 282 No.

D1040. D1040. Magic drink. *MacCulloch Childhood 70--72; *Fb “drikke” I 204b, “styrke” III 630a.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 287 n. 2; Irish: Plummer clxxii, *Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 143, *Boberg; English: Child I 363 n. 364; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 24; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Hindu: Keith 46; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 453.

D1040.1. D1040.1. Drink supplied by magic. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1041. D1041. Blood as magic drink. Frazer Golden Bough XII 189 s.v. “blood”; Zs. f. deutsche Philologie XXVI (1894) 9; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Hrolfs saga Kraka 62, 69, Vцlsungasaga 45, *Boberg; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 248.

D1043. D1043. Milk as magic drink. Irish myth: *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 30; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Keith 134.

D1045. D1045. Magic beer.

D1045.0.1. D1045.0.1. Beer brewed by means of magic song. Finnish: Kalevala rune 20.

D1045.1. D1045.1. Magic ale. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 172.

D1046. D1046. Magic wine. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

D1046.1. D1046.1. Consecrated wine as magic object. *Kittredge Witchcraft 148, 468f. nn. 97--101; Irish myth: Cross.

D1050. D1050. Magic clothes. BP II 527 n. 1.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “habit”, “йvкque”; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 128, 131 No. 20, 264 No. 50.

D1050.1. D1050.1. Clothes produced by magic. *Type 510; *Cox Cinderella passim; Saintyves Perrault 151; Irish myth: Cross.

D1051. D1051. Magic cloth. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 26; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 226; (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 124.

D1052. D1052. Magic garment (robe, tunic). *Fb “шnske” III 1178b.--Irish. Plummer clxxx, clxxxi, *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “robe”; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 165; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth *491, 499f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109i.

D1052.1. D1052.1. Magic uniform. *Fb “guldmundering”.

D1053. D1053. Magic mantle (cloak). *Types 328, 400, 566; *Chauvin V 230; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 323; *Cross MPh XVI 649; Kцhler-Bolte II 409.--Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 328, O’Suilleabhain 85; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Hindu: Penzer I 25ff.; Japanese: Mitford 185ff.; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 367; N.A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 221a.

D1055. D1055. Magic trousers (breeches). Fb “lжrredsbukser” II 501a, *“bukser” IV 77b.--Chinese: Werner 307, 309, 313.

D1056. D1056. Magic shirt. *BP I 42; Fb “skjorte” III 285b, W. S. Johnsson Om Sejrsskjorten (Danske Studier 1929 97ff.); Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 94; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 241 No. 15.

D1057. D1057. Magic belt. *Type 590; *Fb “шnske” III 1178b, “trж” III 868a, “bжlte” IV 84a; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II s.v. “Gьrtel”.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ceinture”; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 286 *Boberg.--N. A. Indian (Passamaquoddy): Prince PAES X 31 No. 5, (Chipewyan [European borrowing]): Thompson CColl II 392, (Micmac): Rand 274, 369 Nos 46, 71, Leland 31, (Ojibwa): Schoolcraft Indian in his Wigwam (Buffalo, 1848) 106, (Quinault): Farrand JE II 114 No. 10.

D1057.1. D1057.1. Magic girdle. Herbert III 207; Oesterley No. 10.--Middle English: Wells 55 (Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight), 85 (Sowdone of Babylone); Irish: Plummer clxxxi, *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Werner 218; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/152, 221, z-G. 3/1146, 1301.).

D1058. D1058. Magic underclothing.

D1058.1. D1058.1. Magic shift. Ward II 603.

D1061. D1061. Magic veil. Greek: Fox 262; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 201.

D1062. D1062. Magic stockings. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bas”; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 173.

D1063. D1063. Magic garter. *Fb “hosebеnd” I 650b; *Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1064. D1064. Magic pocket. Chauvin VI 104 No. 270 n. 2.

D1065. D1065. Magic footwear.

D1065.1. D1065.1. Magic boots. *Type 328; Saintyves Perrault 283, 286; Fb “stцvle” III 642a.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bottes”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Russian: Andrejev No. 515**; Hindu: Penzer I 25ff.; N. A. Indian: cf. Thompson Tales 315 n. 145.

D1065.1.1. D1065.1.1. Boots produced by magic. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 96f.

D1065.2. D1065.2. Magic shoes. Type 515**; *Chauvin V 229 No. 130; Penzer I 24 n. 1; Fb “sko” III 288a; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1065.3. D1065.3. Magic snowshoes. N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

D1065.4. D1065.4. Magic moccasins. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109i, 322 n. 164, (Zuсi): Parsons JAFL XXXI 242 No. 16.

D1065.5. D1065.5. Magic sandals. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 34, Frazer Apollodorus I 153 n. 3 (Perseus); India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer 28, III 56, VII 235.

D1065.6. D1065.6. Magic gaiters. Penzer I 27.

D1065.7. D1065.7. Magic slippers.

D1066. D1066. Magic glove. Fb “styrke” III 630a.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1067. D1067. Magic head-wear.

D1067.1. D1067.1. Magic hat. *Fb “hat” I 563b, “usynlig” III 985b; Mt. 581*; Saintyves Perrault 291.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 596; Greek: Fox 195 (Hermes); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chapeau”; N. A. Indian (Haida): Alexander N. Am. 261, (Lkuсgen): Hill-Tout JAI XXXVII 342.

D1067.2. D1067.2. Magic cap. *Types 328, 566; *BP I 470ff.; *Aarne MSFO XXV 116; *Chauvin V 229 No. 130; *Fb “kappe” II 89a, “шnske” III 1178b.--Icelandic: Bosa saga 38, Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 153 n. 3 (Perseus), Fox 34; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 253; Korean: Zong in-Sob 152ff.; Japanese: Mitford 185ff; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 221a.

D1067.3. D1067.3. Magic hood. Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 470.

D1067.3.1. D1067.3.1. Magic cowl. Irish: Plummer clxxxi, *Cross.

D1067.4. D1067.4. Magic mask. Irish myth: Cross.

D1068. D1068. Magic collar. Irish myth: Cross.

D1068.1. D1068.1. Magic hunting collar. Irish myth: Cross.

D1069. D1069. Magic clothes--miscellaneous.

D1069.1. D1069.1. Magic handkerchief. Korean: Zong in-Sob 91f.

D1069.2. D1069.2. Magic feather dress.

D1070. D1070. Magic ornaments. Tawney I 300, II 150; De Cock Studien 156; Encyc. Rel. Ethics III 392--472.--Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1071. D1071. Magic jewel (jewels). **J. Evans Magic Jewels of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (Oxford, 1922); **G. F. Kunz The Magic of Jewels and Charms (Philadelphia, 1915); **R. Grцtzinger Das Geheimnis der Amulette und Talismane (Leipzig, 1919); **R. H. Laarsz Talismanische Magie (Leipzig, 1920); **E. A. W. Budge Amulets and Superstitions (Oxford, 1930); *Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 374; *Penzer III 167, VIII 172ff., 195 n. 1; *Chauvin V 4, 293 No. 443; *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 434 n. 32.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Ferguson 149, Eberhard FFC CXX 25, 67, 105.

D1071.0.1. D1071.0.1. Jewels produced by magic. *Type 403.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 nn. 190, 190a, 190b.

D1071.1. D1071.1. Magic beads. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chapelet”.

D1072. D1072. Magic hair ornaments.

D1072.1. D1072.1. Magic comb. See references to D672; in a large proportion of the occurrences of that motif (Obstacle flight) the comb is one of the magic objects thrown. Kцhler-Bolte I 177.

D1072.2. D1072.2. Magic hairpin. Chinese: Werner 264.

D1072.3. D1072.3. Magic brooch. Penzer I 26.

D1073. D1073. Magic necklace. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 261, 263, *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer III 30f.

D1074. D1074. Magic bracelet. *Chauvin VI 107 No. 272 n. 4; Chinese: Werner 308f.

D1075. D1075. Magic bangle. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Vai): Ellis 235 No. 36.

D1076. D1076. Magic ring. *Types 400, 554*, 560, 665; *Aarne MSFO XXV 43; *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 214; *Kittredge Witchcraft 111, 439f. nn. 49--58; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 66; Kцhler-Bolte I 110f., 308ff.; *Fb “ring” III 60ab, “шnske” III 1178b; **A. Stern Hessische Blдtter fьr Volkskunde XXX 106; *Chauvin V 229 No. 130, VI 108 Nos. 272, 273; Penzer I 26, VI 73; Bйdier Fabliaux 442; Herbert III 207; *Oesterley No. 10.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 172, *Cross; English: Wells (King Horn) 9, 11 (Horne Childe and Maiden Rimnild), 65 (Ywain and Gawain), Child I 189f.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Breton: *Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Arabian: Burton Nights VI 243, VII 283, X 1--54, S III 51, 72, 136ff., S V 245; Chinese: Werner 331, Eberhard FFC CXX 67; Sumatran: Dixon 163; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 106.

D1077. D1077. Magic fan. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 242, 245, 359, 361f., Graham; Japanese: Ikeda.

D1078. D1078. Magic chain (ornament). Wesselski Mдrchen 174 No. 64; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1078.1. D1078.1. Magic blue ribbon. (Cf. D1835.4.) French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D1079. D1079. Magic ornaments--miscellaneous.

D1079.1. D1079.1. Magic crown. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D1079.2. D1079.2. Magic diadem. Jewish: Neuman.

D1079.3. D1079.3. Magic ornamental breastplate. (Cf. D1101.3.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1080. D1080. Magic weapons. Irish: *Cross, Plummer clxxxv; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells 132 (Sir Launfal); Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 152; Chinese: Werner 161.

D1081. D1081. Magic sword. **Burton Sword; *Types 328, 611, 665; *Fb “svжrd” III 690ab; *MacCulloch Childhood 202; *Chauvin VI 66 No. 233; Gaster FL II 57; Penzer I 109 n. 1, IV 235f., VI 28 n. 2, 72 n. 1, VIII 154 n. 2.--Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 191, 197f.; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 63, Beal XXI 324, Plummer clxxxv, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala runes 12, 36, 39; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йpйe”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508*; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 197; English: Wells 115 (Sir Eglamour of Artois); Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 63 n. 4; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Arabian: Burton Nights IV 176, VI 221f., 230, VII 41, 44, S VI 221f., 426, S VII 257; IndoChinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 303; Chinese: Werner 121, 236; Korean: Zong in-Sob 59; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 354; S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 132.

D1081.1. D1081.1. Sword of magic origin. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 197; Irish myth: Cross; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 303.

D1082. D1082. Magic saber. Type 308*, 576***; *Chauvin V 230 No. 130, 259 No. 154 n. 1.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “sabre”.

D1083. D1083. Magic knife. *Type 576**, 576******.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 68, Rasmussen I 230; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 127, 211.

D1083.1. D1083.1. Magic poignard (dagger). *Basset 1001 Contes I 143; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “poignard”.

D1084. D1084. Magic spear. (Cf. D1086.) MacCulloch Childhood 203; Greek: Fox 72 (Prokris); Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Gaster Thespis 158; Hindu: Keith 140; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 316, 355; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 492; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 192; Africa (Benga): Nassau 177 No. 24, (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen V 138.

D1084.1. D1084.1. Magic spear-head. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 198f.; Africa (Benga): Nassau 177 No. 24 (version 1).

D1085. D1085. Magic javelin. Hindu: Tawney I 166.

D1086. D1086. Magic lance. *Gaster FL II 57; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh MacCulloch Celtic 202; Jewish: Neuman.

D1087. D1087. Magic sling. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1091. D1091. Magic bow. *Type 592; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 139 (Odysseus); Hindu: Penzer IV 55; Chinese: Werner 312; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 213; S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 99.

D1092. D1092. Magic arrow. *Chauvin V 230 No. 130; Kцhler-Bolte I 554.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “flиches”; Greek: Pauly-Wissowa s.v. “Anaphe”, Fox 84, 131; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Tawney I 166, 358, 438; Chinese: Werner 182, 312; Chinese-Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 185; Hawaii: Dixon 75; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 315 n. 145a, 333 n. 203, 356 n. 287b, (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 318 No. 58, 514 No. 109, (Cree, Menominee): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 37, Rink 316; S. A. Indian (Jibaro, Eastern Equador): Boas JAFL XXXII 446 (from Karsten Myths of the Jibaros), (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 99, 132, (Toba): ibid. 77; Africa (Fang): Einstein 71, (Vai): Ellis 191 No. 8; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 277 No. 89.

D1092.0.1. D1092.0.1. Magic arrow makes five wounds. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1092.1. D1092.1. Magic quiver. Hindu: Penzer IV 54.

D1093. D1093. Magic missile. Hindu: Meyer Hindu 75 n.; Fuegian: Alexander Lat. Am. 340; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 356 n. 287b.

D1093.1. D1093.1. Boomerang effect of hurled missiles caused by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 131.

D1093.1.1. D1093.1.1. Arrows returned upon those who shoot saint. *Loomis White Magic 114.

D1094. D1094. Magic cudgel (club). *Types 563, 534*; BP I 349ff.; *MacCulloch Childhood 214; Aarne MSFO XXVII 1--96; Gaster Thespis 158, Oldest Stories 231; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 9; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 196; Tonga: Gifford 178; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 336 n. 214; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 75; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 44 No. 4; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 248 No. 25.

D1095. D1095. Magic hammer (Mjцlnir). Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 78ff.

D1096. D1096. Magic firearms.

D1096.1. D1096.1. Magic gun. *Type 304, 594*; *Fb “bшsse” IV 86b, “skyde” III 345b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fusil”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330.

D1096.2. D1096.2. Magic pistol. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pistolet”.

D1096.3. D1096.3. Magic bullet. Fb “sшlvknap”, “sшlvkugle” III 737a; Japanese: Ikeda.

D1097. D1097. Magic battle-axe. Chinese: Werner 196.

D1101. D1101. Magic armor. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Korean: Zong in-Sob 64; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 16.

D1101.1. D1101.1. Magic shield. Andrews MPh. IX 27, 32.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508*A; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin 5.

D1101.2. D1101.2. Magic cuirass. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No.

D1101.3. D1101.3. Magic breastplate. Irish myth: Cross.

D1101.4. D1101.4. Magic helmet. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 47 n. 3.

D1101.5. D1101.5. Magic scabbard. Jewish: *Neuman.

D1101.6. D1101.6. Magic yoke.

D1102. D1102. Magic trident. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1110. D1110. Magic conveyances.

D1523.2.6. D1523.2.6. Bundle of wood magically acts as riding-horse.

D1111. D1111. Magic carriage. *Chauvin V 229 No. 130.

D1111.1. D1111.1. Carriage produced by magic. Saintyves Perrault 151ff.;

D1112. D1112. Magic cart. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “charette”.

D1113. D1113. Magic wagon. *Type 675; *Fb “vogn” III 1078a.

D1114. D1114. Magic chariot. *Chauvin V 229; Loomis White Magic 35f.; Jones PMLA XXIII 574; *Fb “guldkaret” I 513b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 115, 119, 213, *Frazer Apollodorus I 38 n. 2; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Keith 108, Penzer IV 3ff., 8ff.

D1115. D1115. Magic sleigh. Fb “kane”.

D1118. D1118. Magic airships. *BP III 273.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14d.

D1118.1. D1118.1. Magic air-riding basket. Cox Cinderella 323; N. A. Indian (Atsina): Curtis N. A. Indian V 123.

D1121. D1121. Magic boat. (Cf. D1123.) *Barry JAFL XXVIII 195.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights I 242f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 150; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 154, 300, 417, Holm 43, Rasmussen III 102, 294, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 26, 171, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 500, (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 17, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 41, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 181, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 628; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14a.

D1121.0.1. D1121.0.1. Boat made by magic. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”; Finnish: Kalevala rune 16.

D1121.1. D1121.1. Magic hollow-log boat. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 275 n. 14e.

D1122. D1122. Magic canoe. (Cf. D1121.) Marquesas: Handy 46; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14e.

D1122.1. D1122.1. Canoe made by magic. Polynesian, Melanesian, Indonesian: Dixon 68 nn. *39, *40; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14b; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 192.

D1123. D1123. Magic ship. (Cf. D1121.) *Fb “skib” III 242b, 243ab; *Chauvin V 201 No. 117 n. 1; cf. Cox Cinderella 159, 480 n. 11.--Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 192; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “navire”; English: Child IV 376--380, V 275f., 484 s.v. “Jonah”; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 30, 39; Greek: Fox 138, *Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4.

D1124. D1124. Magic oar. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aviron”; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 153, 157.

D1124.1. D1124.1. Magic paddle. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1131. D1131. Magic castle. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chвteau”; English: Wells 17 (Reinbrun, Gy sone of Warwike); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408A*.

D1131.1. D1131.1. Castle produced by magic. *Type 554, 560, 561, 675, 512*; *Aarne MSFO XXV 44; *BP II 455ff., 547ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1132. D1132. Magic palace. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408*A; English: Wells 145 (Parthenope of Blois); India: Thompson-Balys Tawney I 257.

D1132.1. D1132.1. Palace produced by magic. *Chauvin V 63 No. 19. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 183.

D1133. D1133. Magic house. *Fb “hus” I 686b.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1133.1. D1133.1. House created by magic. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 349 No. 60, 392 No. 70; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 77.

D1133.1.1. D1133.1.1. Magic house made by prayer. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1134. D1134. Magic church (temple).

D1134.1. D1134.1. Church produced by magic. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1136. D1136. Magic fort.

D1136.1. D1136.1. Fort produced by magic. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fort”.

D1138. D1138. Magic tent. *Chauvin VI 135 No. 286 n. 1; Icelandic: Hjбlmthиrs Saga ok Цlvis 468; Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen II 365, No. 114.

D1141. D1141. Magic room.

D1141.1. D1141.1. Magic kitchen. Hindu: Tawney II 226.

D1144. D1144. Magic stairs. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330.

D1145. D1145. Magic windows. Type 329; BP III 366.

D1146. D1146. Magic door (gate). Jewish: *Neuman; N. A. Indian (Shasta): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 216 No. 6.

D1146.1. D1146.1. Magic doorstep. Chinese: Graham.

D1147. D1147. Magic hearth. Irish myth: Cross.

D1148. D1148. Magic tomb. Jewish: Neuman.

D1149. D1149. Magic buildings and parts--miscellaneous.

D1149.1. D1149.1. Store, fully supplied, produced by magic. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1149.2. D1149.2. Magic tower. Jewish: Neuman.

D1149.3. D1149.3. Magic house-pillars. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 442.

D1150. D1150. Magic furniture. BP II 527.

D1151. D1151. Magic seat. *BP II 188.--Icelandic: De la Saussaye 286, Hrуlfs saga Kraka ch. 33, *Boberg.

D1151.1. D1151.1. Magic bench. *Type 330.

D1151.2. D1151.2. Magic chair. *BP II 188; *Chauvin V 229 No. 130.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chaise”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 92; Greek: Fox 206, Frazer Apollodorus II 152 No. 4; Jewish: Neuman.

D1153. D1153. Magic table. *Types 563, 564; BP I 346ff.; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96 passim, MSFO XXV 118; *Kцhler-Bolte I 109; *Chauvin V 272 No. 154.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; English: Wells 32 (Layamon‘s Brut); Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 28.

D1153.1. D1153.1. Magic tablecloth. *Type 569, 851, 853; BP I 464ff.; *Aarne MSFO XXV 118; Penzer I 25f.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “serviette”.

D1154. D1154. Magic couch.

D1154.1. D1154.1. Magic bed. German: Grimm No. 4; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 57; Jewish: Neuman.

D1154.1.1. D1154.1.1. Magic bed-legs.

D1154.2. D1154.2. Magic sofa. *Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1154.3. D1154.3. Magic hammock. Africa (Vai): Ellis 200 No. 18.

D1154.3.1. D1154.3.1. Magic swing.

D1154.3.2. D1154.3.2. Magic palanquin.

D1154.4. D1154.4. Magic divan. (Cf. D1310.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1154.5. D1154.5. Magic pillow. Papua: Ker 109.

D1155. D1155. Magic carpet. *Chauvin V 230 No. 130; Fb “luftrejse” II 457a.--Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 111 No. 39; Chinese: Werner 192; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 62.

D1156. D1156. Magic throne. Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1157. D1157. Magic platform. *Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1158. D1158. Magic key. *Type 531.

D1161. D1161. Magic stove. *Fb “ovn” II 774a.

D1162. D1162. Magic light. *Types 328, 562; *Thompson CColl II 361ff.; *Fb “lys”; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1162.1. D1162.1. Magic lamp. *Types 561, 301C*; *BP II 544ff.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 45.

D1162.2. D1162.2. Magic candle. Type 301C*; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1162.2.1. D1162.2.1. Hand-of-glory. Magic candle made of criminal‘s hand. *Kittredge Witchcraft 144f., 463 nn. 50, 55; Penzer III 150; Baker AA old ser. I 51ff.; *Fb “tyvefinger”; *Taylor JAFL XXXI 561.--Irish myth: Cross; England, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman.

D1163. D1163. Magic mirror. *Type 709; *BP I 450, 463; *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 202f.; *Chauvin VIII 191 No. 228; Kцhler-Bolte I 334; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 565--577; *Fb “spejl” III 481a; *MacCulloch Childhood 34--37; *Cox Cinderella 483; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 232.--Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 244, 331; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 111 No. 39; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 62; Africa (Vai): Ellis 200 No. 18, (Fjort): Dennett 60 No. 12, (Angola): Chatelain 43, (Mpongwe): Nassau 15 No. 1.

D1164. D1164. Magic lock.

D1166. D1166. Magic altar. Jewish: Neuman.

D1167. D1167. Magic quilt.

D1170. D1170. Magic utensils and implements. Penzer IV 248.

D1171. D1171. Magic vessel. Fb “tшnde” III 934b.--Irish: Plummer clxxxv, *Cross.

D1171.1. D1171.1. Magic pot. *Types 565, 591; *Fb “potte” II 866f.; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 26ff; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 107, 272; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 33, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 40f. No. 4.

D1171.1.1. D1171.1.1. Magic coffee-pot. Fb “tшnde” III 934b.

D1171.2. D1171.2. Magic cauldron. Brown MPh XIV 385.--Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 95, 101, 110; Hindu: Penzer VII 224f.

D1171.3. D1171.3. Magic kettle. *Fb “gryde” I 494b.--Japanese: Mitford 175ff.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 257.

D1171.4. D1171.4. Magic pitcher. *Chauvin V 230 No. 130; Penzer V 3 n. 1; Chinese: Graham.

D1171.5. D1171.5. Magic can. Fb “kande”.

D1171.6. D1171.6. Magic cup. Type 301C*; *Fb “sшlvbжger” III 736b, “tшnde” III 934b, “шnske” III 1178b, “bжger” IV 83a; *Loomis and Lindsay Magic Horn and Cup in Celtic and Grail Tradition (Romanische Forschungen XLV [1931] 66); *Boberg Des Knaben Wunderhorn-Oldenburgerhornet (Festskrift til L. L. Hammerich [Kшbenhavn, 1952] 53).--Irish: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 171; Welsh: ibid. 202f.; Manx: Hartland Science 156f.; Greek: Fox 86; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer I 25.

D1171.6.1. D1171.6.1. Magic tankard. Chinese: Werner 382.

D1171.6.2. D1171.6.2. Magic goblet (glass). *Fb “tшnde” III 934b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 213 n. 2.

D1171.6.3. D1171.6.3. Magic drinking horn. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 593, 596, *Boberg.

D1171.6.4. D1171.6.4. Magic chalice. Jewish: Neuman.

D1171.7. D1171.7. Magic vase: *Chauvin V 259 No. 154; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 348.

D1171.7.1. D1171.7.1. Magic jar. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 50f.

D1171.8. D1171.8. Magic bottle. *Kцhler-Bolte II 471; *Fb “flaske” I 309a; Hartland Science 142.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bouteille”, “flacon”; Chinese: Werner 202.

D1171.8.1. D1171.8.1. Magic cruet. Irish myth: Cross.

D1171.9. D1171.9. Magic barrel (cask). *Fb “styrke” III 630a, “tшnde” III 934b.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 6.

D1171.10. D1171.10. Magic bucket. Chinese: Werner 221, 233.

D1171.11. D1171.11. Magic basket. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 192; Chinese: Werner 233; Tonga: Gifford 113.

D1171.12. D1171.12. Magic basin. *BP II 40 n. 2.

D1171.13. D1171.13. Magic chamber-pot. *BP II 40 n. 2; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452.

D1171.14. D1171.14. Magic tub. Irish myth: Cross.

D1171.15. D1171.15. Magic urn. Irish myth: Cross.

D1172. D1172. Magic dish. English: Child I 126.

D1172.1. D1172.1. Magic plate. *Fb “tшnde” III 934b.

D1172.2. D1172.2. Magic bowl. Irish myth: Cross.

D1173. D1173. Magic carving knife. (Cf. D1083.) Magic knife (weapon). English: Child I 266; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 293 n. 1.

D1173.1. D1173.1. Magic razor. Chinese: Werner 366; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 45 (version B).

D1174. D1174. Magic box. *Type 561; Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19, 489; *Chauvin V 230 No. 130.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “boоte”, “coffre”; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 161; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 67; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Micmac, Maliseet): Thompson CColl II 398f.; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 185, (Angola): Chatelain 45.

D1174.1. D1174.1. Magic box containing castle. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *320.

D1175. D1175. Magic match. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “briquet”.

D1175.1. D1175.1. Magic tinder. Fb. “fyrtшj” I 390b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “amadou”.

D1175.2. D1175.2. Magic fire-steel (flint, strike-a-light). *Type 562.

D1176. D1176. Magic key. Fb “nшgle”; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 27, 29, Beal XXI 309; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221.

D1177. D1177. Magic spoon.

D1181. D1181. Magic needle. *Type 585; Fb “synеl”; Kцhler-Bolte I 187.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aiguille”; Jewish: Neuman.

D1182. D1182. Magic pin. *Type 400; *Basset 1001 Contes I 143.

D1183. D1183. Magic scissors (shears). Kцhler-Bolte I 187; Fb “saks” III 143a.--Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Werner 158; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 45 (Version B).

D1184. D1184. Magic thread. Kцhler-Bolte I 187; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 152.

D1184.1. D1184.1. Magic ball of thread. *Kцhler-Bolte I 407; Fb “nшgle”.

D1184.2. D1184.2. Magic string. Penzer VI 59ff.

D1185. D1185. Magic shuttle. *Type 585.

D1186. D1186. Magic spindle. *Types 410, 585; Saintyves Perrault 62.

D1187. D1187. Magic awl. BP II 527.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “alиne”.

D1187.1. D1187.1. Magic auger. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Skaldsk. II, Boberg.

D1188. D1188. Magic hone. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Skaldsk. II, Boberg.

D1192. D1192. Magic purse. *Types 564, 566, 580*; *Aarne MSFO XXV 116; *Fb “pung”, “Fortunatus”.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bourse”, Hartland Science 174; Arabian: Burton Nights I 215; Hindu: Penzer I 20 n, 25ff.

D1193. D1193. Magic bag (sack). *Types 330, 563, 564; *Chauvin V 272 No. 154; Fb “ransel” “pose”.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “blague”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 314f. No. 114, 322 No. 92; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 28.--N. A. Indian (Ojibwa, Potawatomi): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

D1193.1. D1193.1. Magic bag made from skin of crane (transformed woman). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1194. D1194. Magic umbrella. Chinese: Werner 12, 242.

D1195. D1195. Magic soap. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 277.

D1196. D1196. Magic net. Africa (Benga): Nassau 186 No. 24 version 2.

D1202. D1202. Magic anvil. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enclume”; Chinese: Graham.

D1203. D1203. Magic rope. *Type 559; *BP II 539; Chinese: Werner 348; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 216; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 402.

D1204. D1204. Magic hoe. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 363.

D1205. D1205. Magic shovel. Fb “skovl”, “redskab”.

D1205.1. D1205.1. Magic spade. Fb “redskab”, “spade”; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 3.

D1206. D1206. Magic axe. *Fb “styrke” III 630a, “redskab” III 30a, “шkse” III 1171b.--Icelandic: Bуsa Saga 58; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1055; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 107; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 468.

D1206.1. D1206.1. Magic sickle. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1207. D1207. Magic wheel. *Fb “hjul”; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1207.1. D1207.1. Destructive “rolling wheel” of druid. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1208. D1208. Magic whip. Fb “pisk”.--Chinese: Werner 161.

D1209. D1209. Miscellaneous utensils and implements.

D1209.1. D1209.1. Magic bridle. Greek: Fox 40.

D1209.2. D1209.2. Magic saddle. *Fb “guldsadel” I 514b, “шnske” III 1178b.

D1209.3. D1209.3. Magic plow. Fb “plov”; Irish myth: Cross.

D1209.4. D1209.4. Magic hammer. Type 308*; Jewish: Neuman; Korean: Zong in-Sob 144.

D1209.5. D1209.5. Magic fish-hook.

D1209.6. D1209.6. Magic thong. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267.

D1209.7. D1209.7. Magic game board (chessboard). Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1209.8. D1209.8. Magic broom. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 152.

D1210. D1210. Magic musical instruments. Finnish: Kalevala rune 41; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 176 No. 25.

D1211. D1211. Magic drum. India: Thompson-Balys; Indo-Chinese: Scott 283; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 96; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 47, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 90 No. 16, (Benga): Nassau 113 No. 11.

D1212. D1212. Magic rattle. Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 119.

D1213. D1213. Magic bell. Fb “kirkeklokke”; *Thompson CColl II 348, 358, 363.--Irish: Plummer clxxvi--clxxvii, *Cross, Beal XXI 328, O’Suilleabhain 88; English: Child I 173, 231, III 235, 244, 519f.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cloche”; Jewish: *Neuman; Thompson River: Teit JAFL XXIX 320 No. 11.

D1213.1. D1213.1. Magic gong. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1221. D1221. Magic trumpet. *Aarne MSFO XXV 117; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 62.

D1222. D1222. Magic horn (musical). *Types 566, 569, 592; *BP I 464ff., 470ff., II 470ff.; *Aarne MSFO XXV 117.--Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child I 15--17, 23, 55, 367; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1223. D1223. Magic clarinet. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “clarinette”.

D1223.1. D1223.1. Magic flute. (Cf. D1224.) *Type 780; *Fb “flшjte”.--Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 146.

D1224. D1224. Magic pipe (musical). *Aarne MSFO XXV 117; *Fb “rotte” III 83a, “шnske” III 1178b; *Type 570, 515*; Penzer III 187.--English: Child I 47; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pipe”; N. A. Indian (Central Algonquin): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

D1224.1. D1224.1. Magic flageolet. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 75 No. 594*.

D1225. D1225. Magic whistle. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “sifflet”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D1225.1. D1225.1. Magic mouth harp. Chinese: Graham.

D1231. D1231. Magic harp. Hertz Spielmannsbuch 71, 363; *Fb “harpe” IV 201b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child V 482 s.v. “harp”; Greek: Grote I 214; Jewish: Neuman.

D1231.1. D1231.1. Magic lyre. Greek: Fox 44 (Amphion).

D1232. D1232. Magic lute. Hindu: Tawney I 338 n; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 192, II 859.

D1233. D1233. Magic violin (fiddle). *Types 559, 577, 592, 851, 853; Fb “fiol” I 293b, “spille” III 488a; Basset RTP XXVI 266; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “violon”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer III 187 n. 3; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 280 No. 91; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 97, 100 No. 18.

D1233.1. D1233.1. Magic musical bow. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1234. D1234. Magic guitar. Chinese: Werner 121; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 231, 278.

D1239. D1239. Magic musical instruments--miscellaneous.

D1240. D1240. Magic waters and medicines. *Types 331, 513, 551, 576****; *Penzer III 60ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “guйrison”; Greek: Fox 72 (Minos), 112 (Medea and Jason); Arabian: Burton Nights I 124, III 259, V 394, IX 204, S VI 328; Hindu: Tawney I 265, 360, 534, 554, II 4ff., 208, 211; Chinese: Werner 275ff.; Africa (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

D1241. D1241. Magic medicine (= charm). Hindu: Tawney II 165; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 100, 139, 178, 208 Nos. 7, 15, 24 (version 1), 33, (Ekoi): Talbot 34, 178, 344, 359, (Hottentot): Bleek 55 No. 24, (Zanzibar): Bateman 204 No. 10, (Fang): Nassau 242 No. 9, (Basuto): Jacottet 212 No. 31.

D1242. D1242. Magic fluid. See references for D1040.--Chinese: Werner 216.

D1242.1. D1242.1. Magic water. (Note: here are included all references to magic water, whether as a remedy or as another type of magic agent). *Types 590, 613; *Christiansen FFC XXIV 79; *Chauvin VI 202; *Fb “vand”, “livets vand”; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 34, 328; Kцhler-Bolte I 118, 143; Morgan MPh. VI 331; Nitze MPh. VII 145; *MacCulloch Childhood 67ff.--Irish: Plummer cl, clxxviii, clxxx, *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 69, Beal XXI 325; Icelandic: Gцngu Hrolfs Saga 309, Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; Babylonian: Spence 178; Arabian: Burton Nights S VI 213; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 28, III 227f., VI 5, 8, 62; Chinese: Werner 205.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 279; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 47.

D1242.1.1. D1242.1.1. Baptismal water as magic object. *Kittredge Witchcraft 150f., 470 nn. 117--125; England: Baughman.

D1242.1.2. D1242.1.2. Holy water as magic object. Kittredge Witchcraft 124ff., 449f. nn. 1--33 passim; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman.

D1242.2. D1242.2. Magic potion. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Юorsteinssaga Vikingssona (FAS II) 394, Flateyarbуk I 279, *Boberg; English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem), 145 (Parthenope of Blois), Child V 305b; Greek: Fox 200 (Phaon), *Grote I 219; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 55 No. 24.

D1242.3. D1242.3. Magic drops. Type 576*****; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1242.4. D1242.4. Magic oil. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: *Neuman.

D1243. D1243. Magic pill. *Chauvin VIII 133 No. 126; India: Thompson-Balys, Meyer Hindu 193, Penzer II 183 n. 1, III 75f, VII 40 n. 1, 41ff., 222f.; Chinese: Werner 134, 159, 184f., 275ff., Eberhard FFC CXX 162.

D1244. D1244. Magic salve (ointment). *Type 611: *Fb “salve” III 150b, “шje” III 1166b; Chauvin V 41 No. 388, 146 No. 72; Penzer IV 90 n. 1, IX 45 n. 1; Griffith MLN XXV 102.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “onguent”; Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Achilleus” I 24, *Grote I 219; Chinese: Werner 276f., 281f; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 219 No. 73.

D1245. D1245. Magic perfume. *Chauvin V 10 No. 7, 60 No. 19 n. 1.

D1246. D1246. Magic powder. Type 726*; Chauvin VI 8 No. 273.--India: Thompson-Balys. Tawney I 378; Chinese: Werner 375; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 214 No. 73; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 142 No. 20.

D1248. D1248. Human liver as medicine. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1250. D1250. Miscellaneous magic objects.

D1251. D1251. Magic chain (iron).

D1251.1. D1251.1. Iron chain made by magic. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chaine”.

D1252. D1252. Magic metal. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1252.1. D1252.1. Magic steel. Fb “stеl” III 647b; Penzer II 106 n. 4.

D1252.1.1. D1252.1.1. Magic iron. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1252.1.2. D1252.1.2. Magic nails. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1252.2. D1252.2. Magic copper. *Zingerle 589.

D1252.3. D1252.3. Magic gold.

A1252.4. Magic gold head.

D1254. D1254. Magic staff. (Cf. D1277.) *Fb “kjжp” II 150--151, “stav” III 541b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 84, 111, *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 302 No. 6; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 19, *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 22ff., IX 68f.; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Dixon 90; Marquesas: Handy 134; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 145, (Upoto): Einstein 142f., (Bakuba): ibid. 100.

D1254.1. D1254.1. Magic wand. *MacCulloch Childhood 205ff.; *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 221; Saintyves Perrault 63; *Cox Cinderella 485.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 115; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”, “sommeil”, “navigation”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 510; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 9; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 324, 326.--N. A. Indian (Passamaquoddy): Leland 127, (Chilcotin): Farrand JE II 44 No. 30, (Bella Coola): Boas JE I 54, 57, (Kwakiutl): Boas and Hunt JE III 356, (Mandan): Curtis N. A. Indian V 39ff., (Salishan): Boas Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc. XXXIV 38.

D1254.1.1. D1254.1.1. Magic pair of sticks. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1254.2. D1254.2. Magic rod. (Cf. D1254.1.) Fb “pilegren”; Krappe MLN LVIII (1943) 515ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer I 22ff.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 87, 107; Hawaii: *Beckwith Myth 466; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 129, (Zulu): Callaway 307.

D1254.3. D1254.3. Magic pestle. Chinese: Eberhard 221; Africa (Tim): Frobenius Atlantis XI 224ff. No. 38, (Fang): Einstein 151.

D1254.4. D1254.4. Magic trident. Greek: *Grote I 180.

D1255. D1255. Magic tube. *Chauvin VI 133 No. 286 n. 2.

D1256. D1256. Magic ball. *Chauvin V 87 No. 27 n. 2, VII 98 No. 375 n. 3.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “boule”; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 315 n. 145b, Thompson CColl II 331 (Osage).

D1257. D1257. Magic fishhook. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “hameзon”; Maori: Dixon 43, Clark 153; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 420.

D1258. D1258. Magic bridge. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1258.1. D1258.1. Bridge made by magic. *Types 313, 314; Kцhler-Bolte I 195.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pont”; Chinese: Werner 213; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Cherokee): Mooney RBAE XIX 319 No. 67, (Quinault): Farrand JE II 115 No. 10.

D1261. D1261. Magic cigar. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408*A.

D1262. D1262. Magic grinding-stone. Gold Coast: Barker and Sinclair 81 No. 13.

D1262.1. D1262.1. Magic millstone. Chinese: Eberhard 107.

D1263. D1263. Magic mill. *Type 565; BP II 439; Fb “salt”, “havet”, “kvжrn” *Dh II 155; Gering Festschrift fьr Eugen Mogh 37.--Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross.

D1264. D1264. Magic sphere. *Chauvin V 259 No. 154.

D1266. D1266. Magic book. *Chauvin V 135, 262, 295; Type 611; *Fb “Cyprianus” I 166--7, “bog”, “Cyprian” IV 88f.; Hartland Science 199.--Irish: Plummer clxxviii, *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 29, 314 No. 102; Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 90; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer I 37 n. 2, 129f.

D1266.1. D1266.1. Magic writings (gramerye, runes). Child I 28, 48, 362, 391f., II 53ff., 506a; *Hdwb d. Abergl. I 1225; Krappe The Sending (Scandinavian Studies XVII [1943] 297--304).--Irish myth: *Cross, Beal XXI 311, O’Suilleabhain 33; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 46f., 295ff., *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

D1266.1.1. D1266.1.1. Magic ogam writing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1266.2. D1266.2. Magic picture. Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1282 s.v. “Bild”; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Bild”.--Irish: O’Suilleabhain 33; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 139, Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 233f.

D1266.3. D1266.3. Magic story. Irish myth: Cross.

D1267. D1267. Magic card. *Kцhler-Bolte Zs f. Vksk. VI 62 (to Gonzenbach No. 10);--German Grimm No. 82.

D1268. D1268. Magic statue (doll). Basset RTP XXVI 22 (and following numbers passim).--Irish: Beal XXI 312; Italian Novella: Rotunda (D1295); Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 152; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 494.

D1271. D1271. Magic fire. *BP I 440; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s. v. “Waberlohe”; Panzer Sigfrid 281 s.v. “Waberlohe”; Fb “ild” II 10a.--Irish: Plummer clxvi, cxxxviii, *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 601, *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “feu”; Jewish: *Neuman; Africa (Fang): Tessman 104.

D1272. D1272. Magic circle. *Types 810, 815; *Chauvin VII 104 No. 378; *Penzer II 98f., III 201, VI 167 n. 3; Saintyves RTP XXV 113; MacCartney Classical Weekly XXII 175 f.; *Loomis White Magic 100; Harou RTP XXV 294.--Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 237.

D1272.1. D1272.1. Magic line. Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 364; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 79, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 177f., (West Hudson Bay): ibid. 308f.

D1273. D1273. Magic formula (charm). *Types 676, 677; DeCock Studien 156; Encyc. Religion and Ethics III 392; *Chauvin V 10 No. 7, 60 No. 19 n. 1; *Grendon JAFL XXII 105ff.; *Ohrt Danmarks Trylleformler, ibid. Trylleord Fremmede og Danske; *Hestesko FFC XIX; *Kittredge Witchcraft 31f., 386ff. nn. 71, 72, 90, 104; *Fb “Lжsning” II 502f.; Penzer I 138ff.--Irish: Plummer cl, clxxix, *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “charme”, “blessure”; English: Child I 28, 48, 55, 391f., II 441, 445, 450; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 16; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 84 No. 746; Finnish: Kalevala runes 16, 26; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 288f; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 10; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.--Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 9, 61; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 101, 143, (Kaffir): Theal 41 No. 2, 45 No. 2, 30 No. 1, 125, (Ekoi): Talbot 401, (Yoruba): Ellis 253 No. 4, 271, (Basuto): Jacottet 100 No. 15, (Angola): Chatelain 183ff. No. 22.--Eskimo: Rink 107 No. 3.

D1273.0.1. D1273.0.1. Charm written in blood has magic power. (Cf. D1003.) Fb “blod” IV 47b.

D1273.0.2. D1273.0.2. Magic spells mixed with Christian prayers. *Kittredge Witchcraft 146, 465 n. 64; *Fb “Fader Vor” I 260.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1273.0.3. D1273.0.3. Charm sung over flesh chewed by wizard has magic power. Irish myth: Cross.

D1273.0.4. D1273.0.4. Charm chanted standing on one foot with one eye shut, etc. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1273.0.5. D1273.0.5. Charm containing name of God. Jewish: Neuman.

D1273.1. D1273.1. Magic numbers. (Cf. Z71.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1273.1.1. D1273.1.1. Three as magic number. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. s. v. “Drei”; Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 8f.; Jewish: Neuman.

D1273.1.1.1. D1273.1.1.1. Three on a match (lighting cigarettes or cigars). England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1273.1.1.2. D1273.1.1.2. Breakage of glass or crockery occurs in threes. One breakage is followed by two more. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1273.1.1.3. D1273.1.1.3. Deaths in a community come in threes. One death is shortly followed by two more. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1273.1.1.4. D1273.1.1.4. Three meditations on death which prevent laughter. Irish myth: Cross.

D1273.1.2. D1273.1.2. Four as magic number. Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 9.

D1273.1.2.1. D1273.1.2.1. Five as magic number. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1273.1.3. D1273.1.3. Seven as magic number. *Fb “syv”; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 9; Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 338.

D1273.1.3.1. D1273.1.3.1. Nine as magic number. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1273.1.4. D1273.1.4. Ten as magic number. Jewish: Neuman.

D1273.1.5. D1273.1.5. Twelve as magic number. Fb “tolv”; Gaster Thespis 369; Jewish: Neuman.

D1273.1.6. D1273.1.6. Thirteen as magic number. Jewish: Neuman; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1273.1.7. D1273.1.7. Magic numbers--miscellaneous.

D1273.1.7.1. D1273.1.7.1. 101 as magic number. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 9.

D1273.1.7.2. D1273.1.7.2. 9999 as magic number. Persian: Carnoy 327.

D1273.2. D1273.2. Magic secret. Finnish: Kalevala rune 20.

D1273.3. D1273.3. Bible texts as magic spells. *Kittredge Witchcraft 146, 465 nn. 66, 67, 70; Jewish: *Neuman.

D1273.4. D1273.4. Magic measurement (height of Christ). Irish myth: Cross.

D1273.5. D1273.5. Magic oath. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1273.6. D1273.6. Magic alphabet. Jewish: Neuman.

D1274. D1274. Magic fetish. *Seligmann 39.--English: Child I 28, 48, 55, 57, 391; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 56, 148, 433, Rasmussen III 100, Holm 56; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 96, (Bushmen, South of Zambesi): Theal 56; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 38.

D1274.1. D1274.1. Magic conjuring bag. Filled with nail parings, human hair, feet of toads, and the like. *Kittredge Witchcraft 48ff., 401f. nn. 197--208.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 403.

D1275. D1275. Magic song. Fb “synge” III 706b, “Kanariefugle” II 85; Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 424ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 125.--Irish: Plummer clxxix, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala runes 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 24, 40; Greek: Grote I 242; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 125; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 85, 125, (Angola): Chatelain 110ff. No. 7.

D1275.1. D1275.1. Magic music. *Krappe Classical Journal XXI 21ff.; *Fb “spille” III 488ab; Gaster Oldest Stories 131.--Irish: *Cross; Plummer clxxii, O’Suilleabhain 54, Beal XXI 320; English: Child V 489 s.v. “music”; Greek: Fox 193 (Hermes and Argos), Frazer Apollodorus I 17 (Orpheus).

D1275.2. D1275.2. Magic melody. (Cf. D1275.1.) *BP II 502.

D1275.3. D1275.3. Magic hymn. (Cf. D1275.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1275.4. D1275.4. Magic poem (satire).

D1276. D1276. Magic straw. *Fb “hest” I 598b; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 98, Beal XXI 331.

D1277. D1277. Magic bachall. (Cf. D1254.) Irish: Plummer cl, clxxv, *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 85, Beal XXI 328.

D1277.1. D1277.1. Magic crozier. Irish: Plummer cl, *Cross.

D1278. D1278. Ghoulish charm. Charm made from parts of corpse or things associated with corpse. *Kittredge Witchcraft 141ff., 458ff. nn. 1--55; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 148, 173, 347, Rasmussen II 233, III 105, Holm 15, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 495.

D1278.1. D1278.1. Magic churchyard mould. *Fb “kirkegaardsmuld”, “grav”; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 95; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1278.2. D1278.2. Sorcerers use marrow of corpses’ bones. Irish myth: Cross.

D1281. D1281. Magic dead fish. Hindu: *Penzer I 46ff.

D1281.1. D1281.1. Magic dead pig.

D1282. D1282. Magic coil. Chinese: Werner 358.

D1282.1. D1282.1. Magic knot. *Fb “vindknude”; Penzer II 189 n. 1; Jewish: Neuman.

D1282.1.1. D1282.1.1. Druid‘s knot: magic defense. Irish myth: Cross.

D1282.1.2. D1282.1.2. Magic phylactery. Jewish: Neuman.

D1282.2. D1282.2. Magic wisp. Irish myth: Cross.

D1283. D1283. Magic packet. Chinese: Werner 230.

D1284. D1284. Magic dice. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 379; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 151.

D1285. D1285. Magic spike. Chinese: Werner 123.

D1285.1. D1285.1. Spike produced by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D1286. D1286. Magic horseshoe. *Fb “hestesko” I 603b, IV 213b; Frazer Golden Bough XII 309 s.v. “horseshoes”; **Means-Lawrence Magic of the Horseshoe.

D1287. D1287. Magic fly-whisk. Chinese: Werner 322.

D1288. D1288. Magic coin. *Type 745; *Fb “vekseldaler”; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 107, 152, 222; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Skaulitz): Hill-Tout JAI XXXIV 374.

D1291. D1291. Heavenly body as magic object.

D1291.1. D1291.1. Sun as magic object. Cox Cinderella 483.

D1291.1.1. D1291.1.1. Magic sun-ray. Jewish: Neuman.

D1291.2. D1291.2. Star as magic object. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1291.2.1. D1291.2.1. Sign in stars as portent. Irish myth: Cross.

D1291.2.2. D1291.2.2. Magic star later resolves into its elements. Irish myth: Cross.

D1292. D1292. Magic bird nest. Cox Cinderella 517.

D1293. D1293. Magic color.

D1293.1. D1293.1. Red as magic color. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 6; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Gaster Oldest Stories 69; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1293.2. D1293.2. Green as magic color. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1293.3. D1293.3. White as magic color. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1293.4. D1293.4. Black as magic color. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1294. D1294. Magic footprint. *Seligmann 153; Boberg.

D1295. D1295. Magic incense. Jewish: Neuman (D1297).

D1296. D1296. Sacred relic as magic object. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1297. D1297. Magic dye. Irish myth: Cross.

D1298. D1298. Magic firewood. Irish myth: Cross.

D1299. D1299. Other magic objects. Irish myth: Cross.

D1299.1. D1299.1. Magic sign (symbol, insignia). Irish myth: Cross.

D1299.2. D1299.2. Magic sepulchre (grave). Irish myth: Cross.

D1299.3. D1299.3. Magic cross. Irish myth: Cross.

D1299.4. D1299.4. Magic cotton-wool.

D1299.5. D1299.5. Magic pair of spectacles. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1300--D1599.

D1300--D1599. Function of magic objects.

D1300-D1379.

D1300-D1379. MAGIC OBJECTS EFFECT CHANGES IN PERSONS

D1300. D1300. Magic object gives supernatural wisdom.

D1300.1. D1300.1. Hat gives magic wisdom. (Cf. D1067.1.) *Type 328.

D1300.2. D1300.2. Cap gives magic wisdom. (Cf. D1067.3.) *Type 328.

D1300.3. D1300.3. Magic well of wisdom. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 49, Boberg.

D1300.3.1. D1300.3.1. Streams of wisdom flow from magic well. (Cf. D915.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1300.4. D1300.4. Stone gives magic wisdom. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1300.5. D1300.5. Staff gives magic wisdom. (Cf. D1254.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1300.6. D1300.6. Charm gives magic wisdom. (Cf. D1273.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1300.7. D1300.7. Fox-heart gives magic wisdom. (Cf. D1015.1.5.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1301. D1301. Magic object teaches animal languages. (Cf. D1268.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1301.1. D1301.1. Magic turf from church-roof teaches animal languages. (Cf. D934.) *Fb “grжstшrv”.

D1301.2. D1301.2. Drinking blood teaches animal languages. (Cf. D1041.)--**Scott Thumb; Panzer Sigfrid 281 s.v. “Vogelsprache”.--Icelandic: Vцlsungasaga 45, Boberg.

D1301.3. D1301.3. Marvelous ruby teaches bird‘s speech. (Cf. D1071.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1301.4. D1301.4. Bird’s head (when eaten) teaches animal languages. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1302. D1302. Magic object teaches magic.

D1302.1. D1302.1. Magic axe teaches magic. (Cf. D1206) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1305. D1305. Magic object gives power of prophecy.

D1305.1. D1305.1. Drop of water from Paradise gives power of prophecy. (Cf. D1242.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1310. D1310. Magic object gives supernatural information.

D1310.1. D1310.1. Magic seat gives omniscience. (Cf. D1151.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1310.2. D1310.2. Drop from magic cauldron gives supernatural information. (Cf. D1171.2.)--Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 110.

D1310.3. D1310.3. Intelligent ship. (Cf. D1123.)--Icelandic: Boberg; English: Child IV 376--80, V 275f.

D1310.4. D1310.4. Magic object tells how another fares.

D1310.4.1. D1310.4.1. Magic ring tells how another fares. (Cf. D1076.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 111, 440 n. 55.

D1310.4.2. D1310.4.2. Magic plant bears fruit to indicate that heroine is ready to marry. (Cf. D965.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1310.4.3. D1310.4.3. Barley plant droops if prince is in trouble. (Cf. D965.15.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1310.5. D1310.5. Magic staff gives supernatural information. (Cf. D1254.)----Irish myth: Cross.

D1310.6. D1310.6. Magic charm gives knowledge. (Cf. D1273.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1310.7. D1310.7. Singing of wave gives supernatural information. (Cf. D911.1.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1310.8. D1310.8. Speaking and walking divan brings supernatural information. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1310.9. D1310.9. Magic water gives knowledge. (Cf. D1242.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1310.10. D1310.10. Magic fruit gives supernatural knowledge.

D1310.10.1. D1310.10.1. Magic apple gives supernatural knowledge. (Cf. D981.1.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1310.10.2. D1310.10.2. Magic fig gives supernatural knowledge. (Cf. D981.5.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1310.10.3. D1310.10.3. Magic grape gives supernatural knowledge. (Cf. D981.8.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1310.11. D1310.11. Magic nut gives supernatural knowledge. (Cf. D985.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1311. D1311. Magic object used for divination. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.1. D1311.1. Harp struck for divination. (Cf. D1231.)--Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 15 No. 1.

D1311.2. D1311.2. Mirror answers questions. (Cf. D1163, D1323.1.)--*Type 709; *Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien 70 (Leipzig, 1915); *MacCulloch Childhood 34ff.; *BP I 463; *Cox Cinderella 483.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 29.

D1311.3. D1311.3. Oracular fountain. (Cf. D925.)--Irish: Plummer cli, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1311.3.1. D1311.3.1. Spring gives omens. (Cf. D927.)--Type 709; Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien (Leipzig, 1915) 73; *Kittredge Witchcraft 34, 394 n. 116.

D1311.3.1.1. D1311.3.1.1. Divination by water. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.4. D1311.4. Oracular tree. (Cf. D950.)--Irish: Plummer cliii, *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D1311.4.0.1. D1311.4.0.1. Oracular twig. (Cf. D953, D1254.2, D1311.15, D1314.2.)--Irish myth: Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 86; Tacitus Germania Ch. 10.

D1311.4.0.1.1. D1311.4.0.1.1. Sight of magic twigs gives foreknowledge of day’s events. Irish myth: Cross.

D1311.4.0.2. D1311.4.0.2. Falling of two trees reveals Savior‘s will as to separation of friends. Irish myth: Cross.

D1311.4.1. D1311.4.1. Tree appealed to as arbitrator. Penzer V 60.

D1311.4.1.1. D1311.4.1.1. Ash (quicken, rowan) used (by druids) for divinations. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.4.1.2. D1311.4.1.2. Hazel used by druids for divination. (Cf. D950.1.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.4.2. D1311.4.2. Speaking trees give prophecy. Jewish: *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 140, 307.

D1311.5. D1311.5. Oracular flame. (Cf. D1271.)--Norwegian: Dasent Popular Tales from the Norse (New York, 1888) 261.

D1311.6. D1311.6. Divination by heavenly bodies. (Cf. D1291.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1311.6.0.1. D1311.6.0.1. Divination by looking upon astrolabe. Jewish: Neuman.

D1311.6.1. D1311.6.1. Moon (stars) answers questions. Africa (Tonga): Junod 266ff., (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVII 299f. No. 16.

D1311.6.2. D1311.6.2. Magic cloud answers questions. (Cf. D901.) Chinese: Graham.

D1311.6.3. D1311.6.3. Sun answers questions. (Cf. D1291.1.)--Type 709; *Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien (Leipzig, 1915) 72; Cox Cinderella 483.

D1311.6.4. D1311.6.4. Divination by stars. (Cf. D1291.2.)--Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 828.

D1311.7. D1311.7. Oracular image. (Cf. D1268.)--*Dickson 193 (n. 75) ff.

D1311.7.1. D1311.7.1. Oracular artificial head. (Cf. D1268.)--*Dickson 200 n. 94, 213 n. 145.

D1311.7.2. D1311.7.2. Oracular brazen lion. Dickson 197 n. 83.

D1311.8. D1311.8. Divination by head (skull). (Cf. D992, D1610.5, M118.)--*Dickson 201 n. 97; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 46.

D1311.8.1. D1311.8.1. Dog’s head used for divination. (Cf. D1011.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.8.2. D1311.8.2. Cut-off head prophesies fight. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1311.9. D1311.9. Coconut shell answers questions. Sinks for yes, floats for no. (Cf. D985.1.)--Sulka of New Britain: Dixon 132 and 132 n. 2.

D1311.10. D1311.10. Divination by part of animal‘s body.

D1311.10.1. D1311.10.1. Divination by shoulder-bone of sheep. (Cf. D1013.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 144, 462 n. 44.

D1311.10.2. D1311.10.2. Divination from gall and liver of pig. (Cf. D1015.2.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 19 note 1, 91.

D1311.11. D1311.11. Oracular river. (Cf. D915.)

D1311.11.1. D1311.11.1. River says, “The time has come but not the man”. Man thus induced to drown himself.--*Fb “tid” III 789b; *Lizbarski Am Urds-Brunnen IV 56.--England: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 54 No. 460; Netherlands: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 52 No. 1; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3495; Livonian: Loorits in FFC LXVI 45 No. 44f.; Estonian: Aarne in FFC XXV 136 No. 95.

D1311.12. D1311.12. Oracular bell. (Cf. D1213.)

D1311.12.1. D1311.12.1. Bell sounds to designate pope. (Cf. D1213.)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cloche”.

D1311.13. D1311.13. Plant used for divination. (Cf. D965.)

D1311.13.1. D1311.13.1. Mandrake as magic forecaster. (Cf. D965.1, D1314.7.1.)--*Starck; *Taylor JAFL XXXI 561f.

D1311.13.2. D1311.13.2. Weeds used for divination. Africa (Fang): Einstein 51.

D1311.14. D1311.14. Divination from chance reading of sacred (magic) book. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1311.15. D1311.15. Magic rod used for divination. (Cf. D1311.4.0.1.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.15.1. D1311.15.1. Magic yew rod used by druid to discover whereabouts of woman carried off by fairies to underground retreat. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.16. D1311.16. Oracular stone. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 89.

D1311.16.0.1. D1311.16.0.1. Saint’s blessing makes stone oracular. Irish myth: Cross.

D1311.16.1. D1311.16.1. Number of screams from stone indicates number of kings to descend from man standing upon it. Irish myth: Cross.

D1311.17. D1311.17. Divination by magic weapon. (Cf. D1080.)

D1311.17.1. D1311.17.1. Magic spear gives omen of victory. (Cf. D1084.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.17.2. D1311.17.2. Divination by magic arrow. (Cf. D1092.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1311.17.3. D1311.17.3. Lance sounds when knocked on shield, except when its owner will be defeated. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1311.18. D1311.18. Oracular ring. (Cf. D1076.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1311.19. D1311.19. Divination by water. (Cf. D1242.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1311.20. D1311.20. Oracular pubic hair. (Cf. D991.2.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1311.21. D1311.21. Divination by cup. (Cf. D1171.6.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1311.22. D1311.22. Divination from (sound of) wind. (Cf. D906.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1311.23. D1311.23. Divination with chessboard. (Cf. D1209.7.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1312. D1312. Magic object gives advice. *Huet 94.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 297 n. 86b.; Africa (Bankon): Ittman 97.

D1312.1. D1312.1. Bodily members as advisers. (Cf. D990.)--N.A.Indian: *Thompson Tales 318 n. 150.

D1312.1.1. D1312.1.1. Excrements as advisers. (Cf. D1002.)--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 83c.

D1312.2. D1312.2. Magic bone gives advice. (Cf. D1013.)--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 192 No. 28.

D1312.3. D1312.3. Speaking grass gives advice. (Cf. D965.12.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1312.4. D1312.4. Magic book gives advice. (Cf. D1266.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1313. D1313. Magic object points out road. *BP I 434.--Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 297 n. 86c.

D1313.1. D1313.1. Magic ball indicates road. Rolls ahead. (Cf. D1256.)--Type 425; Tegethoff 43; *Chauvin V 87 No. 27 n. 2, VII 98 No. 375 n. 3; *Kittredge Gawain 170 n. 2.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “boule”; India: Thompson-Balys; U.S. (Ozarks): Randolph Who Blowed Up the Church House (New York, 1953) 59.

D1313.1.1. D1313.1.1. Magic ball of thread indicates road. Rolls ahead. (Cf. D1184.1)--*Kцhler-Bolte I 407; BP I 434; Fb “nшgle”.

D1313.1.2. D1313.1.2. Magic rolling cake indicates road. (Cf. D1031.2.) BP III 458f.; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 335a.

D1313.2. D1313.2. Hat thrown in air indicates road. (Cf. D1067.1.)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chapeau”.

D1313.3. D1313.3. Copper horseman indicates road. By striking his hand one makes him turn and indicate the proper road for travelers. (Cf. D1268, D1626.)--Chauvin V 33 No. 16.

D1313.4. D1313.4. Blinded trickster directed by trees. He asks them their names and by their answers he can tell where he is. (Cf. D950.)--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 297 n. 86a.

D1313.5. D1313.5. Magic stick indicates road. (Cf. D1254.)--Fb “kjжp” II 151a.

D1313.5.1. D1313.5.1. Saint‘s staff as an excellent pilot at sea. *Loomis White Magic 90.

D1313.5.2. D1313.5.2. Reed as direction finder. (Cf. D953) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1313.6. D1313.6. Magic apple indicates road. Rolls ahead. (Cf. D981.1.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1313.7. D1313.7. Magic flute indicates road. (Cf. D1223.1.)--Africa (Ibo of Nigeria): Thomas 146.

D1313.8. D1313.8. Magic two-edged knife indicates direction. Points in proper direction; bends downward to indicate wrong direction. (Cf. D1083.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 127.

D1313.9. D1313.9. Charm (medicine) indicates direction. (Cf. D1241.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 34.

D1313.10. D1313.10. Magic feather indicates road. (Cf. D1021.)--*BP II 37.

D1313.11. D1313.11. Magic fountain indicates road for saint by removing itself. (Cf. D925.)--Irish: Plummer cli, *Cross.

D1313.12. D1313.12. Magic cake indicates road. Rolls ahead. (Cf. D1031.2.)--*Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Ariadnefaden” n. 12.

D1313.13. D1313.13. Magic shoe points out road. (Cf. D1065.2.)--Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 22.

D1313.14. D1313.14. Magic thornbush points out road. (Cf. D958.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1313.15. D1313.15. Magic wheel indicates road. (Cf. D1207.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1313.16. D1313.16. Magic pillar of fire indicates direction. (Cf. D1271.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1314. D1314. Magic object indicates desired place. Irish myth: Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 70f. Nos 598--604; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 197.

D1314.0.1. D1314.0.1. Magic object shows place where person has been killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1314.1. D1314.1. Magic arrow indicates desired place. (Cf. D1092.)

D1314.1.1. D1314.1.1. Magic arrow shot to determine place to lodge for night. Kцhler-Bolte I 554.

D1314.1.2. D1314.1.2. Magic arrow shot to determine where to build city. (Cf. D1314.4.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 554.

D1314.1.3. D1314.1.3. Magic arrow shot to determine where to seek bride. Kцhler-Bolte I 419, 554.--English: Child II 499; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Dixon 75f. n. 65.

D1314.1.4. D1314.1.4. Magic arrow indicates place to build church. Fb “kirke” II 125a.

D1314.1.5. D1314.1.5. Arrow shot to determine burial place. English: Child I 185. III 106.

D1314.1.6. D1314.1.6. Arrow shot into air discovers iron pit.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1314.1.7. D1314.1.7. Arrow shot to discover direction of attacking army. Jewish: Neuman.

D1314.2. D1314.2. Magic wand (twig) locates hidden treasure. (Cf. D954, D1254, D1254.2.)--*Barrett and Besterman The Divining Rod (London 1926); Encyc. Religion and Ethics II 832a; Fb “finkelrut”, “skat”, “pilegren”; *Norlind Skattsдgner 28.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 86; Eng., U.S.; *Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 77 No. 650.

D1314.2.1. D1314.2.1. Divining rod sinks at place where tribe shall settle. S. A. Indian (Inca): Alexander Lat. Am. 249.

D1314.2.2. D1314.2.2. Divining rod (twig) locates underground water supply. Ireland, England, U. S.: *Baughman.

D1314.2.3. D1314.2.3. Divining rod points to house of thief. England: Baughman.

D1314.2.4. D1314.2.4. Divining rod (twig) points out spot where unwed mother had drowned child. U.S.: Baughman.

D1314.2.5. D1314.2.5. Saint‘s staff becomes tree to indicate building site. England: Baughman.

D1314.2.6. D1314.2.6. Golden staff stuck into ground finds site for city. S. A. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 317.

D1314.3. D1314.3. Saint’s bachall discovers gold. (Cf. D1277.)--Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1314.4. D1314.4. Bell indicates place for settlement. Remains dumb until place destined for saint‘s final settlement is reached. (Cf. D1213, D1314.1.2, D1314.2.1.)--Irish: Plummer clxxvii, *Cross.

D1314.4.0.1. D1314.4.0.1. Saint’s bell lands at place where monastery is to be founded. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1314.4.1. D1314.4.1. Bell rings to indicate location of well. Irish myth: Cross.

D1314.5. D1314.5. Hand-of-glory indicates location of treasure. (Cf. D1162.2.1.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 144, 463 n. 50.

D1314.6. D1314.6. Loaf of bread locates drowned man. Floated on water comes to rest directly over corpse. (Cf. D1031.1.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 48, 400 n. 194; England: *Baughman.

D1314.7. D1314.7. Magic plant (flower) shows location of treasure. (Cf. D965, D975.)--*Norlind Skattsдgner 19ff.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3646.

D1314.7.1. D1314.7.1. Mandrake shows location of treasure. (Cf. D965.1, D1311.13.)--*Norlind Skattsдgner 23ff.; Penzer III 153.

D1314.8. D1314.8. Jewels aid in search for treasure. (Cf. D1071.)--*Norlind Skattsдgner 29.

D1314.9. D1314.9. Magic cloth leads owner to lost horses. (Cf. D1051.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1314.10. D1314.10. Fiery pillar guides person (to church). (Cf. D1271.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1314.11. D1314.11. Seat-pillars thrown in the sea (with god‘s image) indicate where to settle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1314.12. D1314.12. Coffin lands where the dead is to be buried, and his son to settle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1314.12.1. D1314.12.1. Rope breaks at proper burial place. (Cf. D1203.) Chinese: Graham.

D1314.13. D1314.13. Star indicates location of newborn hero. Irish myth: Cross.

D1314.13.1. D1314.13.1. Star of Bethlehem. Irish myth: Cross.

D1314.14. D1314.14. Four balls given to each of four impoverished men point out places where they should dig. (Cf. 1256.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1314.15. D1314.15. Dried root sprouts when planted to indicate spot where holy man should set up his abode. (Cf. D967.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1315. D1315. Magic object locates lost person.

D1315.1. D1315.1. Magic arrow locates lost person. (Cf. D1314.1.ff.) S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 147.

D1316. D1316. Magic object reveals truth. (Cf. D1318.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1316.1. D1316.1. Stone reveals truth. (Cf. D931.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 29ff., 43ff.

D1316.2. D1316.2. Magic lamp indicates falsehood by lighting. (Cf. D1162.1.) India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 43ff. (Version B.)

D1316.3. D1316.3. Speaking spittle reveals truth. (Cf. D1001.) Africa (Zulu): Callaway 64.

D1316.4. D1316.4. Magic ring permits owner to learn person’s secret thoughts. (Cf. D1076.)--Chauvin VI 108 No. 272.

D1316.4.1. D1316.4.1. Magic ring shows the true nature of its possessor. (Cf. D1076.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1316.4.2. D1316.4.2. Magic spectacles allow wearer to read others‘ thoughts. (Cf. D1299.5.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1316.5. D1316.5. Magic speaking reed (tree) betrays secret. King has whispered secret to hole in the ground. Reed growing from this hole tells the secret.--*Kцhler-Bolte I 383 n. 1, 511, 587; Sйbillot RTP I 327, VII 356; *Zs. d. deutschen morgenland. Gesel. XL 549; Crooke FL XXII 183; *BP IV 147 n. 7 (Celtic): *Basset 1001 Contes II 258; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1316.5.1. D1316.5.1. Voice comes forth from tree, revealing truth. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1316.6. D1316.6. Magic goblet (cup) indicates truth or falsehood. (Cf. D1171.6.2.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1316.7. D1316.7. Magic sod indicates falsehood by turning grassy surface downward, truth by turning it upward. (Cf. D934.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1316.8. D1316.8. Magic collar indicates falsehood by squeezing throat (hand, foot), truth by falling to ground. (Cf. D1068.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1316.9. D1316.9. Magic epistle (brought from apostle) assures wearer will utter truth. (Cf. D1266.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1316.10. D1316.10. Pig cooked when true story is told. (Cf. D1281.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1316.11. D1316.11. Sword turns upon owner when untruth is uttered. (Cf. D1081.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1316.12. D1316.12. Magic root reveals truth when water is poured over it. (Cf. D967.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1316.13. D1316.13. Magic bird‘s tongue reveals truth. (Cf. D1011.6.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1317. D1317. Magic object warns of danger. Irish myth: Cross.

D1317.0.1. D1317.0.1. Magic object detects poison. (Cf. D1317.4.)--*Penzer I 110, IV 228 n. 1, IX 143; Dickson 228 n.

D1317.1. D1317.1. Buttocks as magic watcher. (Cf. D999.)--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 83.

D1317.2. D1317.2. Magic gall-bladder warns of danger. (Cf. D1015.2.)--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 214 No. 32.

D1317.3. D1317.3. Magic swallow-skin warns of danger. (Cf. D1025.4.)--Africa (Zulu): Callaway 53.

D1317.4. D1317.4. Magic bracelet warns of poison. (Cf. D1074, D1317.0.1.)--*Chauvin VI 107 No. 272 n. 4.

D1317.4.1. D1317.4.1. Truth-telling voice in wall warns against poisoned food. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1317.5. D1317.5. Magic ring gives warning. (Cf. D1076.)--Type 425; Tegethoff 34f.--Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells II (Horn Childe and Maiden Rimnild).

D1317.5.1. D1317.5.1. Magic ring warns of poison. (Cf. D1076, D1317.4, D1317.0.1.)--Kittredge Witchcraft III, 440 n. 58.

D1317.5.2. D1317.5.2. Magic ring awakens person in morning. (Cf. D1076.)--*Fb “ring” III 60b.

D1317.6. D1317.6. Magic sword gives warning. (Cf. 1081.)

D1317.6.1. D1317.6.1. Sword bursts in son‘s hand when he is about to kill his father. *Fb “svжrd” III 690b.

D1317.7. D1317.7. Magic bell gives alarm. (Cf. D1213.)--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 73; cf. Types 327A, 328.--Thompson River: Teit JAFL XXIX 320 No. 11.

D1317.8. D1317.8. Magic dice give warning. Tell their master, a thief, when to seek safety (Cf. D1284.)--Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 379.

D1317.9. D1317.9. Statue gives warning. (Cf. D1268.)

D1317.9.1. D1317.9.1. Brass (copper) statue at city gates blows on trumpet at stranger’s approach. *Chauvin V 30 No. 13 n. 1, 265 No. 154.

D1317.10. D1317.10. Wagon refuses to move because ghost is sitting in it. (Cf. D1113, D1654.5.)--Fb “vogn” III 1078a.

D1317.11. D1317.11. Bedstead warns of danger of snake. (Cf. D1154.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1317.12. D1317.12. Magic stone gives warning. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 300.

D1317.12.1. D1317.12.1. Stone bleeds three days before church is plundered. Irish myth: Cross.

D1317.13. D1317.13. Magic shield roars when bearer is in danger. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1317.14. D1317.14. Bones (human) warn of danger. (Cf. D1007.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 265.

D1317.15. D1317.15. Golden cock on tent warns against danger. Norse: *Boberg.

D1317.16. D1317.16. Magic spear warns of danger. (Cf. D1084.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1317.17. D1317.17. Knife sings as warning of fraud. (Cf. D1083.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1317.18. D1317.18. Magic drinking horn gives warning. (Cf. D1171.6.3.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1317.19. D1317.19. Cloak warns. (Cf. D1053) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1317.20. D1317.20. Tree warns of danger. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1317.21. D1317.21. House-pillars warn. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 442.

D1317.22. D1317.22. Water rages by boat of would-be murderer. (Cf. D1242.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 317, 321, III 300, Holm 45, Rink 147.

D1318. D1318. Magic object reveals guilt.

D1318.0.1. D1318.0.1. Magic object picks out guilty man. Basset RTP VII 621.

D1318.1. D1318.1. Stone reveals guilt.

D1318.1.1. D1318.1.1. Stone bursts as sign of unjust judgment. *Fb “sten” III 554a.

D1318.2. D1318.2. Dead fish reveals guilt.

D1318.2.1. D1318.2.1. Laughing fish reveals unjust judgment. A severe judgment is rendered for a small offence. As the convicted man is being led away, a dead (dried) fish is heard to laugh. The fish reveals that he has laughed at the foolishness of the judge who, while he punishes minor offences severely, is unable to see the capital crimes in his own household. (Cf. D1281.) *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 216.--India: Thompson-Balys, *Penzer I 46ff., VII 254, IX 142.--Cf. Child I 241, II 501b, IV 452a, V 288b.

D1318.3. D1318.3. Charms indicate guilt. (Cf. D1274.)--Africa (Bushman): Theal Zambesi 56.

D1318.4. D1318.4. Magic seed indicates guilt. (Cf. D971.)

D1318.5. D1318.5. Blood indicates guilt or innocence. (Cf. D1003.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Blut”; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1318.5.1. D1318.5.1. Blood springs from murderer’s finger when he touches victim. Fb “blod” IV 47a.

D1318.5.2. D1318.5.2. Corpse bleeds when murderer touches it. **Christensen (C. V.) Baareprшven (1900); Fb “blod” IV 47a; Knudsen (H.) En Baareprшve (Danske Studier 1932 69ff.); Von Kьnssberg Jahrb. f. historische Volksk. I (1925) 94, 120; Jobbй-Duval Essais de folklore juridique@2 (Paris, 1920); English: Child II 143, 146, 148, 153, IV 468a, *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Coll. I 639; Jewish: Neuman.

D1318.5.3. D1318.5.3. Each drop of innocent blood turns to burning candle. English: Child I 172, II 39b.

D1318.5.4. D1318.5.4. Speaking blood reveals murder. Frazer Old Testament I 101; Fb “blod” IV 47ab; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Blut”.

D1318.5.5. D1318.5.5. Blood drops from stone to indicate girl‘s innocence. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 47 No. 87**.

D1318.5.6. D1318.5.6. Blood bubbles at place of murder. Jewish: Neuman.

D1318.6. D1318.6. Divining bones reveal guilt. (Cf. D1013.)--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 180 No. 26.

D1318.7. D1318.7. Flesh reveals guilt.

D1318.7.0.1. D1318.7.0.1. Speaking flesh reveals murder. Molucca: Dixon 230.

D1318.7.1. D1318.7.1. Flesh of animal reveals guilt. (Cf. D1017.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1318.7.1.1. D1318.7.1.1. Flesh of stolen animal cannot be cooked (turns putrid). Irish: Plummer cxliii, Cross.

D1318.7.1.2. D1318.7.1.2. Food sticks in thief’s throat and betrays him. (Cf. D1030.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1318.8. D1318.8. Magic cloth reveals guilt. (Cf. D1051.)

D1318.8.1. D1318.8.1. Magic cloth betrays thief. Calls out, telling who is wearing it. Ibo of Nigeria: Thomas 124.

D1318.9. D1318.9. Ring reveals guilt. (Cf. D1076.)

D1318.9.1. D1318.9.1. Ring springs asunder when faithlessness of lover is learned. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 66.

D1318.10. D1318.10. Ship reveals guilt. (Cf. D1123.)

D1318.10.1. D1318.10.1. Ship refuses to move with guilty man aboard. *BP IV 196f.; Fb “skib” III 242b.--English: Child V 484 s.v. “Jonah”; U. S.: Baughman.

D1318.11. D1318.11. Light reveals guilt. (Cf. D1162).

D1318.11.1. D1318.11.1. Light where murder is committed. Fb “lys” II 481b.

D1318.12. D1318.12. Vessels reveal guilt. (Cf. D1171.)

D1318.12.1. D1318.12.1. Vessels burst and reveal disobedience. Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, Cross.

D1318.12.1.1. D1318.12.1.1. Poet‘s spell causes ale vessels to burst when request for ale is refused. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1318.13. D1318.13. Magic cauldron reveals guilt. (Cf. D1171.2.)--Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 95, Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross.

D1318.14. D1318.14. Sack of gold retains at will any hand thrust in it. (Cf. D1193.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330.

D1318.15. D1318.15. Mill will not grind stolen wheat. (Cf. D1263.) Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross.

D1318.16. D1318.16. Speaking earth reveals murder. (Cf. D935, D1610.19.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1318.17. D1318.17. River rises to drown liars. (Cf. D1316, D915) Irish myth: Cross.

D1318.18. D1318.18. Apples which grow from tree under which murder was done have red centers. (Cf. D981.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

D1318.19. D1318.19. Manna reveals guilt. (Cf. D1031.0.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1322. D1322. Magic object warns of death.

D1322.1. D1322.1. Saw for coffin-making sounds to announce death. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 641.

D1322.1.1. D1322.1.1. Hammer in coffin maker’s shop makes noise to announce a death. (Cf. D1209.4.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 640.

D1322.1.2. D1322.1.2. Boards for coffin making mysteriously moved announces death. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 641.

D1322.2. D1322.2. Light moving toward cemetery as sign of death. (Cf. D1162.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 641.

D1323. D1323. Magic object gives clairvoyance. (Cf. D1331.1, D1825.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1323.1. D1323.1. Magic clairvoyant mirror. Type 425; Tegethoff 32; **Rуheim Spiegelzauber; *Liebrecht 85, 88; *BP III 366ff.; *Kittredge Witchcraft 503 n. 1; MacCulloch Childhood 36f.; *Chauvin VIII 191 No. 228; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 547--565; Fb “spejl” III 481a; *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 202f.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 232.--England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman; Irish: Beal XXI 323; Icelandic: *Boberg; Chinese: Werner 244, 331; Japanese: Anesaki 325; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 111 No. 39; S. A. Indian (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 62; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 61 No. 12, (Vai): Ellis 200 No. 18, (Mpongwe): Nassau 15 No. 1.

D1323.1.1. D1323.1.1. Magic mirror reflects the face of whoever dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1323.2. D1323.2. Magic clairvoyant vase. (Cf. D1171.7.)--*Chauvin V 259 No. 154.

D1323.3. D1323.3. Magic clairvoyant windows. Twelve, each more powerful than the next. (Cf. D1145.)--*Type 329; *BP III 365.

D1323.4. D1323.4. Magic clairvoyant sphere. Shows all that passes on earth by looking at that part of globe. (Cf. D1264.)--*Chauvin V 259 No. 154.

D1323.4.1. D1323.4.1. Salvatio Romae. Image of land showing by means of magic bell outbreak of rebellion in any province. (Cf. D1213.) *Spargo 496b s.v. “Salvatio Romae”.

D1323.5. D1323.5. Magic salve gives clairvoyance (Cf. 1244.)--*Fb “salve” III 150b; Chauvin V 146 No. 72.

D1323.6. D1323.6. Magic soap gives clairvoyance. (Cf. D1195.)--Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 277.

D1323.7. D1323.7. Turf from church roof gives clairvoyance. Placed on head in order to see witches. (Cf. D934.)--Fb “grжstшrv”; *De Vries Acta Philologica Scandinavica III 106ff.

D1323.8. D1323.8. Churchyard mould gives clairvoyance. Placed in pocket in order to see witches. (Cf. D1278, G250.)--Fb. “kirkegaardsmuld”.

D1323.9. D1323.9. Clairvoyant tube. (Cf. D1255.)--*Chauvin VI 133 No. 286 n. 2.

D1323.10. D1323.10. Hat gives clairvoyance. (Cf. D1067.1.)--Fb “hat” I 563b; Saintyves Perrault 291.

D1323.11. D1323.11. Hair gives clairvoyance. (Cf. D991.)--Modoc: Curtin Myths of the Modocs (Boston, 1912) 32.

D1323.12. D1323.12. Clairvoyance by looking at object filled with water. Marquesas: Handy 109, 118; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 528; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/420).

D1323.12.1. D1323.12.1. Clairvoyant spring. Lady whose lover is absent to look in spring each day. If she sees his shadow, he is about to marry another. (Cf. D927.)--English: Child I 192.

D1323.13. D1323.13. Magic powder gives clairvoyance. (Cf. D1246.)--Type 726.

D1323.14. D1323.14. Four-leaf clover gives clairvoyance. (Cf. D965.7.)--*BP III 201.

D1323.15. D1323.15. Magic clairvoyant telescope. Shows distant events.--*Fb “kikkert” IV 257a.

D1323.16. D1323.16. Magic feather gives clairvoyance. (Cf. D1021.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1323.17. D1323.17. Magic clairvoyant girdle. (Cf. D1057.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1323.18. D1323.18. Clairvoyance from prayer. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1323.19. D1323.19. Lamp gives him who looks into its flame a vision of the Most High. (Cf. D1162.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1324. D1324. Magic object indicates tides.

D1324.1. D1324.1. Magic bag full at high tide, empty at ebb tide. (Cf. D1193.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1324.1.1. D1324.1.1. Magic tub drips at high tide, is watertight at ebb tide. (Cf. D1171.14.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1324.2. D1324.2. Magic faggot drips to indicate rising tide. (Cf. D957.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1325. D1325. Magic object reveals future history. (Cf. D1812.3.)

D1325.1. D1325.1. Magic book wherein is written family‘s destiny. (Cf. D1266.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1326. D1326. Magic object renders judgment.

D1326.1. D1326.1. Magic slippers approve or disapprove judicial decisions. (Cf. D1065.7.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1066.

D1327. D1327. Magic object locates fish (game).

D1327.1. D1327.1. Magic arrow locates fish. (Cf. D1092.) S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 132.

D1327.2. D1327.2. Magic doll consulted for hunting. (Cf. D1268.) Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 494.

D1329. D1329. Magic object gives supernatural information--miscellaneous.

D1329.1. D1329.1. Putting head under saint’s cloak reveals rewards of heaven. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1330. D1330. Magic object works physical change.

D1331. D1331. Magic object affects eyesight.

D1331.1. D1331.1. Object gives magic sight. (Cf. D1323, D1825.)

D1331.1.1. D1331.1.1. Hempseed sown to acquire magic sight. (Cf. D971.2.) England, Wales: *Baughman; English: Child V 59, 286a.

D1331.1.2. D1331.1.2. Medicine gives magic sight. (Cf. D1240.)--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 215 No. 33.

D1331.1.3. D1331.1.3. Fan gives magic sight. (Cf. D1077.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1331.1.4. D1331.1.4. Stone gives magic sight. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1331.1.5. D1331.1.5. Jewel gives magic sight. (Cf. D1071.)

D1331.1.5.1. D1331.1.5.1. Sapphire gives magic sight. Jewish: Neuman.

D1331.2. D1331.2. Magic object blinds.

D1331.2.1. D1331.2.1. Magic spike causes blindness. Throws such a strong ray of light. (Cf. D1285.)--Chinese: Werner 123.

D1331.2.2. D1331.2.2. Magic salve causes blindness. (Cf. D1244, D1331.3.1.)--*Fb “цje” III 1166b.

D1331.2.2.1. D1331.2.2.1. Magic salve from underworld causes blindness. Fb “цje”.

D1331.2.3. D1331.2.3. Virgin Mary‘s shift as banner causes blindness to opposing army. (Cf. D1058.1.)--*Ward II 603.

D1331.2.4. D1331.2.4. Magic stone causes blindness. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1331.2.5. D1331.2.5. Sight of magic wheel causes blindness. (Cf. D1207.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1331.2.6. D1331.2.6. Magic mirror causes blindness. (Cf. D1163.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1331.2.7. D1331.2.7. Dog’s urine makes tiger blind. (Cf. D1027.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1331.2.8. D1331.2.8. Magic storm blinds enemy troops. (Cf. D905.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1331.2.9. D1331.2.9. Magic wind blinds. (Cf. D906.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1331.3. D1331.3. Magic object causes both supernatural sight and blindness.

D1331.3.1. D1331.3.1. Salve causes magic sight and blindness. (Cf. D1244, D1323.5, D1331.2.2.) Put on left eye causes one to see all treasure of earth; on the right, makes blind. Chauvin V 146 No. 72.

D1331.3.2. D1331.3.2. Powder causes magic sight and blindness. (Cf. D1246, D1323.13.) Type 726*.

D1331.3.3. D1331.3.3. Magic antimony, rubbed on hero‘s eyes, will make whatever he looks at become far or near, as he desires it. (Cf. D1246.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1331.4. D1331.4. Magic object causes sight-shifting. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1331.4.1. D1331.4.1. Saint’s gospel-book causes sight-shifting. (Cf. D1266.) Irish: Plummer clxxviii, Cross.

D1332. D1332. Magic object affects hearing.

D1332.1. D1332.1. Magic object deafens.

D1332.1.1. D1332.1.1. Magic stone causes deafness. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1332.1.2. D1332.1.2. Sound of magic wheel causes deafness. (Cf. D1207.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1335. D1335. Object gives magic strength. Irish myth: Cross.

D1335.1. D1335.1. Magic strength-giving food. (Cf. D1030.)--Fb “mad” II 525a, “styrke” III 630a.--Norse: Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 70 n. 2; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Hill-Tout BAAS LXIX 540.

D1335.1.1. D1335.1.1. Magic strength-giving rice-grain. (Cf. D973.1.)--Japanese: Anesaki 358.

D1335.1.2. D1335.1.2. Heart of enemy eaten produces magic strength. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 5.

D1335.1.3. D1335.1.3. Fighting animals eaten produce magic strength. (Cf. D1032.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1335.1.4. D1335.1.4. Manna produces magic strength. (Cf. D1031.0.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1335.2. D1335.2. Magic strength-giving drink. (Cf. D1040.)--*Fb “styrke”.--Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxxiii, Boberg*; Korean: Zong in-Sob 167 No. 72.

D1335.2.1. D1335.2.1. Blood as magic strengthening drink. (Cf. D1041.)--Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Blut”.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 5.

D1335.2.2. D1335.2.2. Water as magic strengthening drink. (Cf. D1242.2.) *MacCulloch Childhood 70ff.--Irish myth: Cross.

D1335.2.3. D1335.2.3. Milk as magic strengthening drink. (Cf. D1043.)--Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Keith 134; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1335.3. D1335.3. Magic (iron) glove gives strength. (Cf. D1066.1.)--Fb “styrke” III 630a, “handske” IV 199b.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1335.4. D1335.4. Magic belt gives strength. (Cf. D1057.)--*Type 590; *Fb “bжlte” IV 84a; A. Haberlandt Gurtel als Heiltum in Volkskunde (Otto Lauffer zum 60. Geburtstage [1934] 83--96); Von der Hagen Gesammtabenteuer I 455ff.--Icelandic: *Boberg.--N. A. Indian (Chippewyan [European borrowing]): Thompson CColl II 392, (Micmac): Rand 274, 369, (Passamaquoddy): Leland 31.

D1335.5. D1335.5. Magic ring gives strength. (Cf. D1076.)--*Dickson 135 n. 118; *Kittredge Witchcraft 111, 440 n. 53.

D1335.5.1. D1335.5.1. Magic ring gives remarkable sexual prowess. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1335.5.2. D1335.5.2. Solomon’s power to hold kingdom dependent on ring; drops it in water. Jewish: Neuman.

D1335.6. D1335.6. Magic dagger gives strength. (Cf. D1083.1.)--Malone PMLA XLIII 409.

D1335.7. D1335.7. Flask imparts magic strength to drinker. (Cf. D1171.8.)--*Fb “flaske”.--Norwegian: Dasent 204, 223.

D1335.8. D1335.8. Bathing in magic cauldron gives strength. (Cf. D1171.2.)--Norwegian: Dasent 281.--S. A. Indian (Kwakiutl): Boas and Hunt JE III 104 (certain wash-basin); cf. Haida: Swanton JE X 365.

D1335.9. D1335.9. Magic axe gives strength. (Cf. D1206.)--Fb “styrke” III 630a.

D1335.10. D1335.10. Magic medicine (charm) gives strength. (Cf. D1241.)--Africa (Benga): Nassau 100 No. 7.

D1335.11. D1335.11. Powder gives magic strength. (Cf. D1246.)--Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 142 No. 20.

D1335.12. D1335.12. Magic song gives strength. (Cf. D1275.)--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1335.13. D1335.13. Magic hammer gives strength. (Cf. D1209.4.)--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 22 (Thor).

D1335.14. D1335.14. Magic strengthening staff. (Cf. D1254.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1335.15. D1335.15. Magic strength-giving apple. (Cf. D981.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1335.16. D1335.16. Image of lion gives magic strength. (Cf. D468.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1335.17. D1335.17. Garment gives bearer magic strength. (Cf. D1052.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1336. D1336. Magic object gives weakness.

D1336.1. D1336.1. Magic sword gives weakness. (Cf. D1081.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1336.2. D1336.2. Magic food gives weakness. (Cf. D1030.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1336.2.1. D1336.2.1. Magic apple gives weakness. (Cf. D981.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1336.3. D1336.3. Magic music gives weakness. (Cf. D1275.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1336.4. D1336.4. Magic shield gives weakness. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1336.5. D1336.5. Saint’s bell gives weakness. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1336.6. D1336.6. Magic fire gives weakness. (Cf. D1271.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1336.7. D1336.7. Magic drink gives weakness. (Cf. D1040.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1336.8. D1336.8. Magic spell gives weakness. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1336.9. D1336.9. Druids‘ (poets’) spells bind. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1336.10. D1336.10. When bow is taken away from owner, he loses all strength. (Cf. D1091.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1337. D1337. Magic object makes beautiful or hideous. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.

D1337.1. D1337.1. Magic object beautifies. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 121.

D1337.1.1. D1337.1.1. Charm gives magic beauty. (Cf. D1273.)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “charme”.

D1337.1.2. D1337.1.2. Water gives magic beauty. (Cf. D1242.1.)--Fb “livets vand” II 439b.--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1337.1.3. D1337.1.3. Milk gives magic beauty. When magic milk touches ugly girl she turns beautiful. (Cf. D1018.)--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 70.

D1337.1.3.1. D1337.1.3.1. Bathing hair in buffalo milk makes it unusually long. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1337.1.4. D1337.1.4. Bathing in magic cauldron gives beauty. (Cf. D1171.2.)--Norwegian: Dasent 281.

D1337.1.5. D1337.1.5. Magic spear gives beauty. (Cf. D1084.)--Also gives ugliness at will. Icelandic: Ritterhaus 227f. No. 54.

D1337.1.6. D1337.1.6. Beautification by use of saint‘s spittle. (Cf. D1001.)--Irish: Plummer clxxviii, *Cross.

D1337.1.7. D1337.1.7. Magic needle transforms a room from plainness to beauty. (Cf. D1181.)--*Type 585; BP III 355.

D1337.1.8. D1337.1.8. Magic liquid gives beauty. (Cf. D1242.)--Penzer VII 61.

D1337.1.8.1. D1337.1.8.1. Rose water gives magic beauty. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1337.1.9. D1337.1.9. Magic wand beautifies. (Cf. D1254.1.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1337.1.10. D1337.1.10. Magic apple makes beautiful. (Cf. D981.1.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1337.1.11. D1337.1.11. Playing of magic flute beautifies. (Cf. D1223.1.)--Chinese: Graham.

D1337.1.12. D1337.1.12. Magic jewel beautifies. (Cf. D1071.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1337.2. D1337.2. Magic object makes hideous.

D1337.2.1. D1337.2.1. Magic leaves turn white bird black. (Cf. D955, A2411.2.6.)--Africa (Ibo of Nigeria): Basden 280.

D1337.2.2. D1337.2.2. Magic herbs render hideous. (Cf. D965.)--Greek: Fox 263 (Skylla).

D1337.2.3. D1337.2.3. Dragon‘s breath renders hideous. (Cf. D1029.1.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1337.2.4. D1337.2.4. Magic water makes ugly. (Cf. D1242.1.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1337.2.5. D1337.2.5. Magic skin makes person appear ugly. (Cf. D1005.) German: Grimm No. 179.

D1338. D1338. Magic object rejuvenates. (Cf. D1880.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1338.0.1. D1338.0.1. Magic object retards aging.

D1338.0.1.1. D1338.0.1.1. Elixir retards aging. (Cf. D1242.3.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1338.1. D1338.1. Magic drink rejuvenates. (Cf. D1040.)--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1338.1.1. D1338.1.1. Fountain of youth. (Cf. D925, D926, D927, D1341.1.) Water from certain fountain rejuvenates.--**Hopkins JAOS XXVI 1--67, 411--415; Penzer Ocean IV 145; DeCock Studien 16ff.; *Fb “ungdom” III 979b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fontaine”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; U.S.: *Baughman; Greek: Rohde Der griechische Roman 222; Japanese: Ikeda.--Alexander Lat. Am. 20 n. 6, 349.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 284 n. 50a.

D1338.1.1.1. D1338.1.1.1. Magic lake rejuvenates. (Cf. D921.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1338.1.2. D1338.1.2. Water of youth. (Cf. D1242.1.)--Type 551; *BP II 394ff.; *Wьnsche Die Sagen vom Lebensbaum und Lebenswasser (Leipzig, 1905); *Dh II 154; *Chauvin VI 73f. Nos. 239, 202.

D1338.1.3. D1338.1.3. Magic blood rejuvenates. (Cf. D1003.)--Fb “blod” IV 47a.

D1338.2. D1338.2. Rejuvenation by plant. (Cf. D965.)--*Chauvin VI 74 No. 239.--Babylonian: Gilgamesh-epos XI 282ff. (eaten by serpent); Gaster Oldest Stories 51.

D1338.2.1. D1338.2.1. Rejuvenation by juice of plant. (Cf. D974).--*Dh II 154.--Irish myth: Cross.

D1338.2.2. D1338.2.2. Root of eternal youth. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1338.3. D1338.3. Rejuvenation by fruit. (Cf. D981.)--*Chauvin VI 74 No. 239; BP II 147.--India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 216.

D1338.3.1. D1338.3.1. Rejuvenation by apple. Golden apples of youth. (Cf. D981.1.)--*Chauvin VI 74 No. 239.--Icelandic: Boberg (Idhunn).

D1338.3.2. D1338.3.2. Magic peach gives immunity from age. (Cf. D981.2.)--Chinese: Werner 270.

D1338.3.3. D1338.3.3. Rejuvenation by fruit of magic tree. (Cf. D950.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1338.3.3.1. D1338.3.3.1. Year added to life by eating fruit of magic tree. (Cf. D950.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1338.4. D1338.4. Bath in magic milk rejuvenates. (Cf. D1080.)--Kцhler-Bolte I 468 (boiling milk); Dh II 154.

D1338.5. D1338.5. Rejuvenation by ring. (Cf. D1076.)--Hartland Science 204; Fb “ungdom” III 979b.

D1338.6. D1338.6. Rejuvenation in magic mill. (Cf. D1263.)--Dh II 155.

D1338.7. D1338.7. Land of youth. Land which keeps off old age.--Fb “ungdom” III 979b; Hartland Science 196f.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 181, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1338.8. D1338.8. Rejuvenation by magic oil. (Cf. D1244.)--Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 328.

D1338.9. D1338.9. Rejuvenation by magic honey. (Cf. D1037.) Hindu: Keith 158.

D1338.10. D1338.10. Rejuvenation by magic tub. (Cf. D1171.14.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1338.11. D1338.11. Rejuvenation by magic manure dust. (Cf. D1026.) Chinese: Graham.

D1338.12. D1338.12. Rejuvenation by magic feather. (Cf. D1021.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1338.13. D1338.13. Rejuvenation by magic rice. (Cf. D973.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1341. D1341. Magic object makes person old.

D1341.0.1. D1341.0.1. Magic well makes person’s hair gray. (Cf. D926.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1341.1. D1341.1. Magic fountain makes person old. (Cf. D925, D1338.1.1.)--*Fb “ungdom” III 979b; Boberg.

D1341.2. D1341.2. Magic cloak makes person old. (Cf. D1053.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1341.3. D1341.3. Magic ointment makes person old. (Cf. D1244.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1341.4. D1341.4. Magic feather brings supernatural old age. (Cf. D1021.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1342. D1342. Magic object gives health. Irish myth: Cross.

D1342.1. D1342.1. Magic ring gives health. (Cf. D1076.)--Kittredge Witchcraft III, 440 n. 54.

D1342.2. D1342.2. Magic apple gives health. (Cf. D981.1.)--*Fb “жble” III 1135b.

D1342.3. D1342.3. Magic wood gives health. (Cf. D956.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1342.4. D1342.4. Magic wand gives health. (Cf. D1254.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1342.5. D1342.5. Amulet guarantees health. (Cf. D1070.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 424.

D1343. D1343. Magic object gives skill.

D1343.1. D1343.1. Magic oars give skill. (Cf. D1124.)--Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 153, 157.

D1344. D1344. Magic object gives invulnerability. *Kittredge Witchcraft *405 nn. 238--9.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1344.1. D1344.1. Magic ring renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1076.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 111, 440 n. 52; *Fb “ring” III 60b.--English: Child I 189f., Wells 9 (King Horn), II (Horn Childe and Maiden Rimnild); Icelandic: Boberg.

D1344.2. D1344.2. Magic drug renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1240.)--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 110 n. 1.

D1344.2.1. D1344.2.1. Magic drug gives immunity from fire and iron. Greek: Fox 112.

D1344.3. D1344.3. Amulet renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1070.)--De Cock Studien 156.

D1344.4. D1344.4. Charm (written) renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1273.)--De Cock Studien 161; Irish myth: Cross.

D1344.5. D1344.5. Magic ointment renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1244.)--Greek: Roscher Lexikon I 24 s.v. “Achilleus”; Boberg.

D1344.6. D1344.6. Saint‘s tunic renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1052.)--Irish: Plummer clxxx, Cross.

D1344.7. D1344.7. Saint’s girdle renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1057.1.)--Irish: Plummer clxxx, Cross.

D1344.8. D1344.8. Saint‘s cowl renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1067.3.1.)--Irish: Plummer clxxx, *Cross.

D1344.8.1. D1344.8.1. Hood renders invulnerable. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 17, Rasmussen II 70, III 304, Rink 344.

D1344.9. D1344.9. Magic garment renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1052.)--Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 210, III 105, 117, 153.

D1344.9.1. D1344.9.1. Magic shirt gives invulnerability. (Cf. D1056.)--*Fb “skjorte” III 268a; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1712; Icelandic: *Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 187.

D1344.9.2. D1344.9.2. Magic trousers render invulnerable. (Cf. D1055.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1344.10. D1344.10. Magic mandrake gives invulnerability. (Cf. D965.1.)--Penzer III 153.

D1344.11. D1344.11. Magic sword gives invulnerability. (Cf. D1081.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1344.12. D1344.12. Blood smeared on body renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1016.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1344.13. D1344.13. Magic (golden) helmet renders invulnerable. (Cf. D1101.4.)--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1345. D1345. Magic object gives longevity. Penzer VI 6 n. 1.

D1345.1. D1345.1. Serpent’s water gives longevity. (Cf. D1027.1.)--Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 204 No. 10.

D1345.2. D1345.2. Magic statue of dragon gives longevity. (Cf. B11, D1268.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1346. D1346. Magic object gives immortality.

D1346.1. D1346.1. Magic drink gives immortality. (Cf. D1040.)--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 31, 54; Greek: Grote I 219; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Keith 41, Penzer III 253f.; Chinese: Giles 316.

D1346.1.1. D1346.1.1. Water of life destroyed to prevent immortality: too long life would become tiresome. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1346.1.2. D1346.1.2. Nectar of immortality. (Cf. A154.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1346.2. D1346.2. Fountain of immortality. (Cf. D925, D926, D927, D1341.1, D1338.1.1.)--Hindu: Tawney I 499.

D1346.3. D1346.3. Food of immortality. (Cf. D1030.)--**G. Dumйzil Le festin d‘Immortalitй (Paris, 1924)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1346.3.1. D1346.3.1. Magic honey gives immortality. (Cf. D1037.)--Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Keith 158.

D1346.4. D1346.4. Tree of immortality. (Cf. D950.)--Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 281; S. A. Indian (Tiatinagua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 449.

D1346.5. D1346.5. Plant of immortality. (Cf. D965.)--Babylonian: Spence 158, 160, 178; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 215.

D1346.6. D1346.6. Fruit of immortality. (Cf. D981.)--Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 216.

D1346.6.1. D1346.6.1. Magic peach gives immortality. (Cf. D981.2.)--Chinese: Werner 270, Eberhard FFC CXX 210.

D1346.6.2. D1346.6.2. Apple of immortality. (Cf. D981.1.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1346.7. D1346.7. Pill of immortality. (Cf. D1243.)--Chinese: Werner 184f., 330.

D1346.8. D1346.8. Magic ointment gives immortality. Burning at night and anointment with magic ointment by day. (Cf. D1244.)--Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Achilleus”.

D1346.8.1. D1346.8.1. Oil of immortality. (Cf. D1244.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1346.9. D1346.9. Magic sword gives immortality. (Cf. D1081.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1346.10. D1346.10. Magic water (sprinkled) gives immortality. (Cf. D1242.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1346.11. D1346.11. Medicine gives immortality. (Cf. D1241.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1346.12. D1346.12. Incense gives immortality. (Cf. D1295.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1346.13. D1346.13. Filth (dirt, excrements) eaten gives immortality. (Cf. D1002.)--Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 161f.

D1346.14. D1346.14. Magic cup gives immortality. (Cf. D1171.6.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1347. D1347. Magic object produces fecundity.

D1347.1. D1347.1. Magic apple produces fecundity. (Cf. D981.1.)--Icelandic: Vцlsunga Saga 4.

D1347.2. D1347.2. Blood as remedy for barrenness in woman. (Cf. D1003.)--*Fb “blod” IV 47a.

D1347.3. D1347.3. Magic medicine makes sterile fertile. (Cf. D1241.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1347.3.1. D1347.3.1. Magic pills insure birth of twin sons. (Cf. D1243.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1347.4. D1347.4. Magic statue gives fecundity. (Cf. D1268.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1347.5. D1347.5. Magic fish (eaten) causes fecundity. (Cf. D1032.1.)--Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169.

D1347.6. D1347.6. Hare‘s stomach causes fecundity. (Cf. D1015.5.1.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1349. D1349. Magic object produces miscellaneous physical changes in persons or things.

D1349.1. D1349.1. Magic object produces immunity from hunger and thirst. Irish myth: Cross.

D1349.1.1. D1349.1.1. Magic peach produces immunity from hunger and thirst. (Cf. D981.2.)--Chinese: Werner 270.

D1349.1.2. D1349.1.2. Magic perfume produces immunity from hunger and thirst. (Cf. D1245.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1349.1.3. D1349.1.3. Magic milk produces immunity from hunger and thirst. (Cf. D1018.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1349.1.4. D1349.1.4. Magic belt produces immunity from hunger. (Cf. D1057.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1349.1.5. D1349.1.5. Magic sweets: one can quench thirst and the other can allay hunger. (Cf. D1038.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1349.1.6. D1349.1.6. Tiny amount of food magically satisfies. (Cf. D1030.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1349.1.6.1. D1349.1.6.1. One drop of blood when licked satisfies hunger. (Cf. D1003.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1349.2. D1349.2. Magic object produces immunity from old age. Irish myth: Cross.

D1349.2.1. D1349.2.1. Magic peach produces immunity from old age. (Cf. D981.1.)--Chinese: Werner 270.

D1349.2.2. D1349.2.2. Washing in magic bowl produces immunity from old age. (Cf. D1172.2.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1349.2.3. D1349.2.3. Magic apple produces immunity from old age. (Cf. D981.1.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1349.3. D1349.3. Magic stone makes water like wine. (Cf. D1071.)--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1349.4. D1349.4. Magic jewel makes owner fat. (Cf. D1071.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1350. D1350. Magic object changes person’s disposition.

D1351. D1351. Magic object makes person peaceful. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1351.1. D1351.1. Saint‘s bachall makes person peaceful. (Cf. D1277.)--Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1351.2. D1351.2. Magic branch of peace. Warfare ceases when it is shaken. (Cf. D954.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1351.3. D1351.3. Magic veil changes enmity into peacefulness. (Cf. D1061.)--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1351.4. D1351.4. Charm which makes inhabitants of city faint-hearted. (Cf. D1273.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1352. D1352. Magic object has pre-natal influence.

D1352.1. D1352.1. Magic net has prenatal influence. (Cf. D1196.)--Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 24, version 2.

D1353. D1353. Magic object makes person foolish.

D1353.1. D1353.1. Magic rain makes people foolish. All on whom it falls act like fools. (Cf. D902.)--Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 34.

D1354. D1354. Magic object makes person kind. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1355. D1355. Love-producing magic object. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 775, 1007, II 1506, 1589, 1616, III 1279.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aimer”.

D1355.0.1. D1355.0.1. Magic spear produces love-sickness. (Cf. D1084.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1355.1. D1355.1. Love-producing music. (Cf. D1275.1.)--English: Child V 489 s.v. “music”.

D1355.1.1. D1355.1.1. Love-producing song. (Cf. D1275.)--Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chant”.--N. A. Indian (Wichita): Barbeau GSCan XI 162f. Nos. 50, 51, (Micmac): Leland 82.

D1355.1.2. D1355.1.2. Magic love-producing pipe (musical). (Cf. D1224.)--English: Child I 47; N. A. Indian (Arikara): Dorsey CI XVII 85 No. 25, 90 No. 27.

D1355.1.3. D1355.1.3. Magic love-producing horn. (Cf. D1222.)--English: Child I 15--17, 23, 55, 367.

D1355.2. D1355.2. Magic love-philtre. (Cf. 1242.2.)--*Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt 401ff.; *Kittredge Witchcraft 107f., 436 nn. 26--31, 30, 383 n. 54.--Greek: Fox 72 (Minos), 200 (Phaon); Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child V 305b, Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem), 145 (Parthenope of Blois); England, U.S.: *Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1355.2.1. D1355.2.1. Water blessed by saint as love-philtre. (Cf. D1242.1.)--Irish: Plummer clxxxviii, *Cross.

D1355.2.1.1. D1355.2.1.1. Baptismal water as love-philtre. (Cf. D1242.1.1.)--Kittredge Witchcraft 470 nn. 123--125.

D1355.2.1.2. D1355.2.1.2. Magic water causes sexual desire. (Cf. D1242.1.)--Jewish: Neuman.

D1355.2.2. D1355.2.2. Blood as love-philtre. (Cf. D1003).--*Fb “blod” IV 46b; *Kittredge Witchcraft 30, 382 n. 53.

D1355.2.2.1. D1355.2.2.1. Blood of wounded centaur as love philtre. (Cf. D1016.) Greek: Grote I 139.

D1355.2.3. D1355.2.3. Semen in love-philtre.--Kittredge Witchcraft 30, 382 n. 53.

D1355.3. D1355.3. Love charm. (Cf. D1274.)--Kittredge Witchcraft 30, 111, 382 n. 52, 440 nn. 61--70 passim.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; *English: Child I 57; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 137f.; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 198 No. 34.

D1355.3.1. D1355.3.1. Seed mixed with blood as love charm. (Cf. D971.)--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 261 n. 1.

D1355.3.2. D1355.3.2. Image (animal) pierced with pins as love charm. Kittredge Witchcraft 100, *431f. nn. 202--211; England: Baughman.

D1355.3.3. D1355.3.3. Fruit pierced with pins as love charm. (Cf. D981.) Kittredge Witchcraft 102, 433 n. 226.

D1355.3.4. D1355.3.4. Entrails of live pigeon placed above house door fetch lover to the spot. England: Baughman.

D1355.3.5. D1355.3.5. Boiling lock of lover’s hair draws him to sweetheart. England: Baughman.

D1355.3.6. D1355.3.6. Burning candle stuck with pins fetches lover. England: *Baughman.

D1355.3.7. D1355.3.7. Person burns salt and says charm to bring lover to spot. England, U. S.: *Baughman.

D1355.3.8. D1355.3.8. Person burns dragonsblood (plant) and says charm to bring lover to spot. England: *Baughman.

D1355.4. D1355.4. Ring produces love. (Cf. D1076.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 109, 436ff. nn. 38--48 passim; Fb “ring” III 60b.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1355.5. D1355.5. Magic hair produces love. (Cf. D991.)--Wesselski Mдrchen 196; Frazer Golden Bough III 270.--N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit MAFLS VI 73 No. 23, (Shuswap): Teit JE II 708 No. 34 (in the last two named references, the hair is a woman‘s pubic hair); India: Thompson-Balys.

D1355.6. D1355.6. Churchyard mould produces love. Girl takes three handfuls and passes it over churn. (Cf. D1278.1.)--Fb “kirkegaardsmuld” II 129b.

D1355.7. D1355.7. Apple produces love. (Cf. D981.1.)--*Fb “жble” III 1135a.--English: Child I 364; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1355.8. D1355.8. Olive branch insures fidelity of husband. Wife to beat him with it. (Cf. D954.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 51 No. 340.

D1355.9. D1355.9. Magic belt produces love. (Cf. D1057.)--*Fb “bжlte” IV 84a; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1355.10. D1355.10. Consecrated bread produces love. (Cf. D1031.1.1.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 149, 469 nn. 107, 108.

D1355.10.1. D1355.10.1. Consecrated bread kept in mouth and fed to toad produces love. Kittredge Witchcraft 149, 469 n. 104; England: Baughman.

D1355.11. D1355.11. Magic clothes produce love. (Cf. D1050.)--Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 274.

D1355.11.1. D1355.11.1. Magic moccasins produce love. (Cf. D1065.4.)--N. A. Indian (Arapaho): Dorsey and Kroeber FM V 15 No. 6.

D1355.12. D1355.12. Magic nuts (eaten) produce love. (Cf. D985.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1355.13. D1355.13. Love-spot. Mark which makes man irresistible to any woman who sees it.--*Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt 401f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1355.13.1. D1355.13.1. Charm placed on cheeks of hag causes love. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1355.14. D1355.14. Eaten fruit causes sexual desire. (Cf. D981.) India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

D1355.15. D1355.15. Magic shears produce love. (Cf. D1183.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1355.16. D1355.16. Magic rod produces love. (Cf. D1254.1, D1254.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1355.17. D1355.17. Herb bath produces love. (Cf. D965.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1355.18. D1355.18. Love charm (words). (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1355.18.1. D1355.18.1. Word charms woven in clothing produce love. England: Baughman.

D1355.19. D1355.19. Magic writings produce love. (Cf. D1266.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1355.20. D1355.20. Green stone causes women to love the possessor. (Cf. D1070.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1355.21. D1355.21. Magic grass produces love when girl sleeps on it. (Cf. D965.12) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1355.21.1. D1355.21.1. Love charm from tuber. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 28.

D1355.22. D1355.22. Love-producing magic plant. (Cf. D965.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1355.23. D1355.23. Love-producing magic feather. (Cf. D1021.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1356. D1356. Magic object represses lust.

D1356.1. D1356.1. Magic girdle represses lust. (Cf. D1057.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1356.1.1. D1356.1.1. Saint‘s girdle represses lust. (Cf V220.)--Irish: Plummer clxxxi, Cross.

D1356.3. D1356.3. Magic stone represses lust. (Cf. D930.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1357. D1357. Magic object makes person cruel.

D1357.1. D1357.1. Eating ferocious animal’s heart makes person cruel. (Cf. D1015.1, D1335.1.2.)--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1358. D1358. Magic object makes person courageous.

D1358.1. D1358.1. Eating courageous animal’s heart makes courageous. (Cf. E714.4.1.

D1358.1.1. D1358.1.1. Eating dragon‘s heart makes courageous. (Cf. B11, D1015.1.2.)--Icelandic: Vцlsunga Saga 79, Boberg.

D1358.1.2. D1358.1.2. Eating serpent’s and wolf‘s flesh makes courageous and impetuous. (Cf. D1032.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1358.2. D1358.2. Magic spell makes person courageous. (Cf. D1273, D1359.5.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1358.3. D1358.3. Magic crystal makes owner courageous. (Cf. D1071.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1359. D1359. Magic object changes person’s disposition--miscellaneous.

D1359.1. D1359.1. Magic object makes woman masterful.

D1359.1.1. D1359.1.1. Magic olive branch makes woman master in household. (Cf. D954.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 51 No. 340.

D1359.2. D1359.2. Magic object causes mourning.

D1359.2.1. D1359.2.1. Magic music causes mourning. (Cf. 1275.1.)--*BP II 502f.; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman.

D1359.3. D1359.3. Magic object causes joy.

D1359.3.1. D1359.3.1. Magic music causes joy. (Cf. D1275.1.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1359.3.1.1. D1359.3.1.1. Magic (musical) horn (bell) relieves hearers of sorrow. (Cf. D1213, D1222.)--*Krappe Balor 159.

D1359.3.1.2. D1359.3.1.2. Magic musical branch soothes listeners. (Cf. D1615.2.)--*Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt II 325.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1359.3.1.3. D1359.3.1.3. Grief dispelled by sound of bell attached to magic fairy dog. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1359.3.2. D1359.3.2. Happiness from eating magic pig. (Cf. D1032.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1359.3.3. D1359.3.3. Fruit of magic tree exhilarating. (Cf. D950, D981.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1359.3.4. D1359.3.4. Stone blessed by saint banishes sorrow. (Cf. D931.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1359.4. D1359.4. Magic food causes intoxication and sobriety. (Cf. D1030.)--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1359.5. D1359.5. Magic sign assures that warriors will not flee from battle. (Cf. D1299.1, D1358.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1359.6. D1359.6. Magic object destroys pride. German: Grimm No. 17.

D1360. D1360. Magic object effects temporary change in person.

D1361. D1361. Magic object renders invisible. *Aarne MSFO XXV 117; *Cox Cinderella 518; *Fb “usynlig”.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “invisibilitй”.

D1361.1. D1361.1. Magic mist of invisibility. (Cf. D902.1.)--*Cox Cinderella 477.--Irish myth: *Cross; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 221b.

D1361.1.0.4. D1361.1.0.4. Demons cause impenetrable fog. Irish myth: Cross.

D1361.1.1. D1361.1.1. Magic mist separates person from his companions. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1361.2. D1361.2. Magic stone gives invisibility. (Cf. D931.)--Kцhler-Bolte I 114; Kittredge Witchcraft 176 n. 17.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1361.3. D1361.3. Magic ash-tree renders invisible. (Cf. D950.6.)--*Fb “usynlig”.

D1361.4. D1361.4. Magic calabash renders invisible. (Cf. D965.2.)--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 34.

D1361.5. D1361.5. Magic seed renders invisible.

D1361.5.1. D1361.5.1. Magic fernseed renders invisible. (Cf. D971.3.)--*Cox Cinderella 517; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1215ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Scotland: Baughman.

D1361.6. D1361.6. Magic flower renders invisible. (Cf. D975.)--Cox Cinderella 518; Scottish: Baughman.

D1361.7. D1361.7. “Hand of glory” renders light invisible. Candles of human fat from dead man’s hand make light invisible except to man holding it. (Cf. D1162.2.1.)--Penzer III 150; *Fb “tyvefinger” III 917b.

D1361.8. D1361.8. Heart of unborn child renders person invisible. (Cf. D997.1.1.) *Fb “hjжrte” I 631b, IV 218b.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 293 No. 1.

D1361.9. D1361.9. Serpent‘s crown renders invisible. (Cf. D1011.3.1, B112.)

D1361.10. D1361.10. Magic feather renders invisible. (Cf. D1021.)--Cox Cinderella 517.

D1361.11. D1361.11. Magic herb renders invisible. (Cf. D965.) Africa (Fang): Trilles 269.

D1361.12. D1361.12. Magic cloak of invisibility. (Cf. D1053.)--*Types 328, 400; Cox Cinderella 517; Penzer I 26; Dickson 134 n. 113; *Loomis White Magic 51.--English: Wells 59 (The Turke and Gawin); Irish: Krappe Balor 2 n. 9, *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 55; Welsh: ibid. 106, 190; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10.--Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Mitford 185ff., Ikeda; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 177, (Tinguian): Cole 201 n. 1.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 221a.

D1361.12.1. D1361.12.1. Saint’s tunic renders invisible. (Cf. D1052.)--Irish: Plummer clxxx, *Cross. (D1361.11.); Icelandic: Boberg.

D1361.13. D1361.13. Magic belt renders invisible. (Cf. D1057.)--*Fb “bжlte” IV 84a; *Loomis White Magic 51.--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Irish: Plummer clxxx, Cross.

D1361.14. D1361.14. Magic hat renders invisible. (Cf. D1067.1.)--Fb “usynlig” III 985b, “hat” I 563b, IV 202b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. “chapeau”.

D1361.15. D1361.15. Magic cap renders invisible: tarnkappe. (Cf. D1067.2, D1361.16.) *Penzer VI 149 n. 1; *Fb “usynlig” III 985b, “kappe” II 89, IV 253a; Cox Cinderella 517; Thien 30.--Greek: Fox 34, *Frazer Apollodorus I 153 n. 3 (Perseus); Icelandic: Dehmer Primitives‘ Erzдhlungsgut in den Islendingasцgur 97, *Panzer Sigfrid 281 s.v. “Tarnkappe”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 109, 253.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 221a.

D1361.16. D1361.16. Saint‘s cowl renders invisible. (Cf. D1067.3.1.)--Irish: Plummer clxxx, Cross.

D1361.17. D1361.17. Magic ring renders invisible. (Cf. D1076.)--*Fb “ring” III 60b; *Dickson 133f.; Cox Cinderella 518; *Kittredge Witchcraft 111, 440 n. 50; Brown Iwain 14 and passim; Gьnter 64.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Gyges”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1361.18. D1361.18. Magic sword renders invisible. (Cf. D1081.)--*Chauvin VI 66 No. 233.

D1361.19. D1361.19. Magic jewel renders invisible. (Cf. D1071.)--Cox Cinderella 517; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1361.20. D1361.20. Helmet renders invisible. (Cf. D1101.4.)--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 47 n. 3; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1361.21. D1361.21. Ship becomes invisible. (Cf. D1123.)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “navire”.

D1361.22. D1361.22. Magic medicine renders invisible. (Cf. D1240.)--Type 576****.

D1361.22.1. D1361.22.1. Magic pills render invisible. (Cf. D1243.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1361.22.2. D1361.22.2. Magic salve renders invisible. (Cf. D1244.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1361.23. D1361.23. Magic charm renders invisible. (Cf. D1241.)--Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 34, 178.

D1361.24. D1361.24. Magic drops render invisible. (Cf. D1242.3.)--Type 576*****.

D1361.25. D1361.25. Magic wand renders invisible. (Cf. D1254.1.)--Fb “usynlig” III 985b.--Irish myth: Cross; German: MacCulloch Eddic 260; Chinese: Werner 326.

D1361.25.1. D1361.25.1. Magic staff renders invisible. (Cf. D1254.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 301, Boberg.

D1361.26. D1361.26. Magic formula renders invisible. (Cf. D1273.)--Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Werner 310.

D1361.27. D1361.27. Magic light renders invisible. (Cf. D1162.)--*Fb “usynlig” III 985b.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1361.28. D1361.28. Magic mirror renders invisible. Does so when owner looks into it. (Cf. D1163.)--Fb “usynlig” III 985b.

D1361.29. D1361.29. Magic animal’s heart renders invisible. (Cf. D1015.1.)--Fb “usynlig” III 985b.

D1361.30. D1361.30. Magic bird-nest renders invisible. (Cf. D1292.)--Cox Cinderella 517.

D1361.31. D1361.31. Magic song renders invisible. (Cf. D1275.)--Irish: Plummer clxxix, Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 293.

D1361.32. D1361.32. Magic mask renders invisible. (Cf. D1067.4.)--Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 110.

D1361.33. D1361.33. Magic veil renders invisible. (Cf. D1061.)--Irish myth: Cross.

D1361.34. D1361.34. Magic bag renders invisible. (Cf. D902.1.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1361.35. D1361.35. Magic tiger‘s hair renders invisible. (Cf. D1023.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1361.36. D1361.36. Magic trousers render invisible. (Cf. D1055.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1361.37. D1361.37. Magic shirt renders invisible. (Cf. D1056.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1361.38. D1361.38. Magic boots render invisible (Cf. D1065.1.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1361.39. D1361.39. Fact that woman bears future saint in womb renders her invisible. Irish myth: Cross.

D1361.40. D1361.40. Magic cloth renders invisible. (Cf. D1051.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1361.41. D1361.41. Cross renders invisible. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1361.42. D1361.42. Magic lampblack renders invisible. (Cf. D931.1.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1361.43. D1361.43. Magic mark on forehead renders invisible. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1361.44. D1361.44. Magic ashes render invisible. (Cf. D931.1.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1364. D1364. Object causes magic sleep. *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt I 257 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1364.0.1. D1364.0.1. Ring wakes from magic sleep. (Cf. D1076.)--*Fb “ring” III 60a.

D1364.0.2. D1364.0.2. Hero can only wake when a certain axe falls down. (Cf. D1206.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1364.1. D1364.1. Fountain causes magic sleep. (Cf. D925.)--Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Brunnen” nn. 108--110.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fontaine”; Irish: Plummer cli, clxxii, *Cross.

D1364.2. D1364.2. Sleep-thorn. Thorn causes magic sleep. (Cf. D958.)--*Kцhler-Bolte I 261; *BP I 440; *Panzer Sigfrid 281 s.v. “Schlafdorn”; **Cosquin Йtudes 95ff., Contes indiens 59ff.--English: Child V 495 s.v. “sleep”; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1364.3. D1364.3. Flowers cause magic sleep. (Cf. D975.)--*Basset 1001 Contes I 143.

D1364.4. D1364.4. Fruit causes magic sleep. (Cf. D980.)--*Basset 1001 Contes I 143e.

D1364.4.1. D1364.4.1. Apple causes magic sleep. (Cf. D981.1.)--*Types 400, 590, 709; *BP I 463, II 346, III 1; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1364.4.2. D1364.4.2. Figs cause magic sleep. (Cf. D981.5.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56, 116 Nos. 408*A, 970.

D1364.5. D1364.5. Saint‘s breath causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1005.)--Irish: Plummer clxxii, Cross.

D1364.6. D1364.6. Feather causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1021.)--English: Child V 496 s.v. “sleep”.

D1364.7. D1364.7. Sleeping potion: drink causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1040, D1242.2, D1364.12.)--Dickson 63; Cox Cinderella 483; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1364.7.1. D1364.7.1. Liquor blessed by saint causes magic sleep. Irish: Plummer clxxii, Cross.

D1364.8. D1364.8. Enchanted stockings cause magic sleep. (Cf. D1062.)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bas.”

D1364.9. D1364.9. Comb causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1072.1.)--*BP I 463; cf. Type 709.

D1364.10. D1364.10. Dagger causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1083.1.)--*Basset 1001 Contes I 143.

D1364.11. D1364.11. Pillow causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1154.5.) *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt I 257 n. 1.--English: Child V 496 s.v. “sleep”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1364.12. D1364.12. Contents of bottle cause magic sleep. (Cf. D1040, D1171.8, D1242.)--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “flacon”.

D1364.13. D1364.13. Cloth causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1051.)--BP I 463.

D1364.14. D1364.14. Needle causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1181.)--Kцhler-Bolte I 261.

D1364.15. D1364.15. Pin causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1182.)--*Type 400; *Cosquin Contes indiens 95ff.; *BP II 346; Cox Cinderella 483; *Basset 1001 Contes I 143.--English: Child V 496 s.v. “sleep”; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D1364.16. D1364.16. Hairpin causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1072.2.)--*Type 709; *BP I 463.

D1364.17. D1364.17. Spindle causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1186.)--*Type 410; *BP I 434ff., 440; *Saintyves Perrault 62.

D1364.18. D1364.18. Wand causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1254.1.)--Saintyves Perrault 63; Cox Cinderella 483.--Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 158, Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”, “sommeil”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1364.19. D1364.19. Cigar causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1261.)--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408*A.

D1364.20. D1364.20. Magic runes cause sleep. (Cf. D1266.1.)--Fb “sove” III 472b.--English: Child I 28, 48, 55, 391f, Wimberly 355.

D1364.21. D1364.21. Magic card causes sleep. (Cf. D1267.)--Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 62 (to Gonzenbach No. 10); Basile Pentamerone III Nos. 1, 9; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1364.22. D1364.22. Sleep-charm. Charm causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1273.)--Dickson 62 n. 6.--English: Child I 28, 48, 55, 391f; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 366.

D1364.23. D1364.23. Song causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1275, D1364.24.)--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chant”.

D1364.24. D1364.24. Music causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1275.1.)--Greek: Fox 193 (Argos); Irish: Plummer clxxii, *Cross; English: Child V 489 s.v. “music”; Finnish: Kalevala rune 42.

D1364.25. D1364.25. Musical instrument causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1210.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1364.25.0.1. D1364.25.0.1. Musical branch causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1615.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1364.25.1. D1364.25.1. Flute causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1223.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1364.25.2. D1364.25.2. Drum causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1211.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1364.25.3. D1364.25.3. Pipe (musical) causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1224.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1364.26. D1364.26. Silver rods cause magic sleep. (Cf. D1254.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1364.27. D1364.27. Sword causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1081.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1364.28. D1364.28. Smoke from magic purse makes man sleep. (Cf. D1192.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1364.29. D1364.29. Touch of glove and ring causes sleep. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1364.30. D1364.30. Tooth of fox causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1011.4.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1364.31. D1364.31. Plant produces sleep. (Cf. D965.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1364.32. D1364.32. Jewel causes magic sleep. (Cf. D1071.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1365. D1365. Object causes magic forgetfulness.

D1365.1. D1365.1. Plant causes magic forgetfulness. (Cf. D965.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “herbe”.

D1365.1.1. D1365.1.1. Lotus causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D965.6, D2004.3.) Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 280 n. 2.

D1365.1.2. D1365.1.2. Myrtle causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D965.10.) Hartland Science 204.

D1365.1.3. D1365.1.3. Laurel causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D965.9.)--Hartland Science 204.

D1365.2. D1365.2. Drink causes magic forgetfulness. (Cf. D1040, D2004.3.1.)--Jiriczek “Der Vergessenheitstrank in der Nibelungensage” Zs. f. vgl. Litgsch. N. F. VII 49ff.; Cox Cinderella 512; Wimberly 278f.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 363 and note, 364; Norse: Herrmann II 590; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Odyssey IV line 220 et passim; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1365.3. D1365.3. Food causes magic forgetfulness. (Cf. D1030.)--Icelandic: *Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 446.

D1365.4. D1365.4. Girdle causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D1057.1.) English: Herbert III 207.

D1365.5. D1365.5. Ring causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D1076.)--*Oesterley No. 10.--English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain).

D1365.6. D1365.6. Magic cup causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D1171.6, D1365.2.)--*Fb “bжger” IV 83a.

D1365.7. D1365.7. Breath causes magic forgetfulness. (Cf. D1005.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1365.8. D1365.8. Magic medicine causes loss of memory. (Sprinkled on head.) (Cf. D1241, D1242.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1365.8.1. D1365.8.1. Medicines of forgetfulness and remembering. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1365.9. D1365.9. Tower causes magic forgetfulness. (Cf. D1149.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1365.10. D1365.10. Magic writings on drinking horn cause forgetfulness. (Cf. D1365.2.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1365.11. D1365.11. “Brain of forgetfulness” lost by person in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1366. D1366. Magic object causes memory.

D1366.1. D1366.1. Magic drink causes memory. (Cf. D1040.)--Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross.

D1366.2. D1366.2. Lack of magic necklace causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D1365.)--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1367. D1367. Magic object causes insanity.

D1367.1. D1367.1. Magic plant causes insanity. (Cf. D965.)--Chauvin VII 19 No. 373D n. 1; Fb “vild” III 1052b.

D1367.2. D1367.2. Magic drink causes insanity. (Cf. D1040.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 128, 450 n. 25.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1367.3. D1367.3. Magic spell causes insanity. (Cf. D1273.)--*Kittredge Witchcraft 128, 450 n. 24.

D1367.4. D1367.4. Magic wisp (withe) causes insanity. (Cf. D1282.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1367.5. D1367.5. Runes cause frenzy. (Cf. D1266.1.) Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 298, Herrmann Saxo Gr. II 239, *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1367.6. D1367.6. Magic food causes insanity. (Cf. D1030.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1368. D1368. Magic object causes illusions. Irish myth: Cross.

D1368.1. D1368.1. Magic snake-oil causes illusions. (Cf. D1244.)--Kittredge Witchcraft 144, 463 nn. 51--54.

D1368.1.1. D1368.1.1. Ointment applied to eyes makes night seem day. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1368.2. D1368.2. Magic ring causes illusion. (Cf. D1076.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1368.3. D1368.3. Magic cloak causes illusion. (Cf. D1053.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1368.4. D1368.4. Tree of delusion. (Cf. D950.) Indian: Thompson-Balys.

D1368.5. D1368.5. Magic forest seems to stretch farther as mortals travel within. (Cf. D941.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1372. D1372. Magic object causes continued sneezing.

D1372.1. D1372.1. Magic ring causes continued sneezing. (Cf. D1076.)--Bйdier Fabliaux 442.

D1373. D1373. Magic object causes constant hunger.

D1373.0.1. D1373.0.1. Magic object causes constant thirst.

D1373.0.1.1. D1373.0.1.1. Magic lamp (eaten, causes thirst.) (Cf. D1162.1) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1373.1. D1373.1. Fetish medicine causes constant hunger. (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 177 No. 24 version I.

D1373.2. D1373.2. Two loaves of bread--one to excite, the other to appease hunger. (Cf. D1031.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1374. D1374. Magic object causes longing.

D1374.1. D1374.1. Magic music causes longing. (Cf. D1275.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1375. D1375. Magic object causes (or removes) temporary growths.

D1375.1. D1375.1. Magic object causes horns to grow on person. Irish myth: Cross.

D1375.1.1. D1375.1.1. Magic fruit causes horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.)--Philippine: *Fansler MAFLS XII 17.

D1375.1.1.1. D1375.1.1.1. Magic apples cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.1)--*Type 566; *BP I 470ff., 482; *Aarne MSFO XXV 121.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cornes”; N. A. Indian (European borrowings): *Thompson CColl II 399ff.

D1375.1.1.2. D1375.1.1.2. Magic peaches cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.2.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cornes”.

D1375.1.1.3. D1375.1.1.3. Magic orange causes horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.3.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “orange”, “cornes”.

D1375.1.1.4. D1375.1.1.4. Magic cherries cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.4.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.1.1.5. D1375.1.1.5. Magic figs cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.5.)--*Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.1.1.6. D1375.1.1.6. Magic pear causes horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.6.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.1.1.7. D1375.1.1.7. Magic plums cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.7.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.1.1.8. D1375.1.1.8. Magic grapes cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.8.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.1.1.9. D1375.1.1.9. Magic dates cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.9.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 122.

D1375.1.1.10. D1375.1.1.10. Magic berries cause horns to grow on person. (Cf. D981.10.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 122.

D1375.1.2. D1375.1.2. Magic vegetable causes horns to grow on person. (Cf. D983.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 122.

D1375.1.3. D1375.1.3. Charm causes horns to grow on person. (Cf. D992.1.) Penzer III 187.

D1375.1.4. D1375.1.4. Blossom causes horns to grow on person. (Cf. D975.)--Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 16.

D1375.1.5. D1375.1.5. Magic drink causes horns to grow on person. (Cf. D1040.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1375.2. D1375.2. Magic object removes horns from person.

D1375.2.1. D1375.2.1. Magic fruit removes horns from person. (Cf. D1375.1.1, D981.)

D1375.2.1.1. D1375.2.1.1. Magic apple removes horns from person. (Cf. D981.1.)--*Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.2.1.2. D1375.2.1.2. Magic orange removes horns from person. (Cf. D981.3.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “orange”.

D1375.2.1.3. D1375.2.1.3. Magic pear removes horns from person. (Cf. D981.6.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.2.2. D1375.2.2. Magic nut removes horns from person. (Cf. D985.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.2.3. D1375.2.3. Magic salve removes horns from person. (Cf. D1244.)--Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.2.4. D1375.2.4. Magic water removes horns from person. (Cf. D1242.1.) Aarne MSFO XXV 121.

D1375.2.5. D1375.2.5. Blossoms remove horns from person. (Cf. D975.) Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 16.

D1375.3. D1375.3. Magic object causes wings to grow on person. Aarne MSFO XXV 123.

D1375.3.1. D1375.3.1. Magic ointment causes wings to grow on person. (Cf. D1244.) Chauvin V 41 No. 388; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1375.4. D1375.4. Magic object causes tail to grow.

D1375.4.1. D1375.4.1. Magic plant causes tail to grow.

D1375.4.1.1. D1375.4.1.1. Magic plantain causes four tails to grow. (Cf. D965.11.)--Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 126.

D1375.4.2. D1375.4.2. Magic fruit causes tail to grow. (Cf. D981.) Aarne MSFO XXV 123.--Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 16.

D1375.5. D1375.5. Magic object causes humps to appear on back. (Cf. F344.1.) Aarne MSFO XXV 123.

D1375.6. D1375.6. Magic object causes feathers to grow on person. Irish myth: Cross.

D1375.6.1. D1375.6.1. Magic egg causes feathers to grow on person. (Cf. D1024.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1376. D1376. Magic object causes members to grow long or short.

D1376.1. D1376.1. Magic object makes nose long (restores it.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 123; Type 566; *BP I 470ff.; *Fb “nжse” II 716b.--Japanese: Ikeda.

D1376.1.1. D1376.1.1. Magic fruit makes nose long (restores it.)

D1376.1.1.1. D1376.1.1.1. Magic apple makes nose long (restores it). (Cf. D981.1.) *Fb “жble” III 1136a; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Apfel” n. 10.

D1376.1.1.2. D1376.1.1.2. Magic cherry makes nose long (restores it). (Cf. D981.4.) Fb “kirsebжr” II 133a.

D1376.1.2. D1376.1.2. Magic ring makes nose grow long (restores it). (Cf. D1076.) Kцhler-Bolte I 110f.

D1377. D1377. Magic object changes person‘s size.

D1377.1. D1377.1. Magic comb changes person’s size at will. (Cf. D1072.1.) Kцhler-Bolte I 177.

D1379. D1379. Magic object produces miscellaneous temporary changes in persons, animals, or objects.

D1379.1. D1379.1. Magic object controls person‘s will.

D1379.1.1. D1379.1.1. Magic runes control person’s will. (Cf. D1266.1.) English: Child I 362.

D1379.2. D1379.2. Magic writings (runes) cause dead to speak. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1379.3. D1379.3. Magic writings (runes) produce enmity. (Cf. D1266.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1379.4. D1379.4. Magic picture causes people to wet the bed. (Cf. D1379.4.) Chinese: Graham.

D1379.5. D1379.5. “Milk-medicine” causes milk to appear in woman‘s breast. (Cf. D1241.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380. D1380. Magic object protects. **Seligmann 72ff.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1380.0.1. D1380.0.1. Magic object protects a city. *Chauvin VIII 191 No. 228.

D1380.0.1.1. D1380.0.1.1. Palladium. City impregnable while statue remains. (Cf. D1268.) Greek: Grote I 276.

D1380.1. D1380.1. Waberlohe. Magic fire surrounds and protects. (Cf. D1271.) BP I 440; *Panzer Sigfrid 281 s.v. “Waberlohe”; Seligmann 110ff., *122, 123ff., *130; Krappe Archiv fьr das Studium der Neueren Sprachen 1937, 1938.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1380.1.1. D1380.1.1. Pillar of fire protects in desert. (Cf. D1271.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1380.2. D1380.2. Tree (plant) protects.

D1380.2.1. D1380.2.1. Calabash as guardian of girl. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 27.

D1380.2.2. D1380.2.2. Tree as guardian of girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380.3. D1380.3. Head of divinity as protection of land. Buried. (Cf. D992.) *Kittredge Gawain 180 n. 1.--Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 105.

D1380.3.1. D1380.3.1. Magic head of horse as protection of land. (Cf. D1011.) Hdwb. d. Abergl. VI 996.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1380.4. D1380.4. Magic tent protects occupant. (Cf. D1138.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1380.5. D1380.5. Magic water protects. (Cf. D1242.1.) Seligmann 73ff, *106.--Irish myth: *Cross; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1380.6. D1380.6. Magic coal protects. (Cf. D931.1.) Seligmann 131, *133; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380.7. D1380.7. Magic soot protects. (Cf. D931.1.1.) Seligmann 137, *138.

D1380.8. D1380.8. Magic ashes protect. (Cf. D1271.1.) Seligmann 134, *137.

D1380.9. D1380.9. Magic earth (dirt) protects. (Cf. D935.) Seligmann *154.

D1380.10. D1380.10. Magic string protects. (Cf. D1184.2.) Penzer VI 59.

D1380.11. D1380.11. Magic jewel protects (Cf. D1071.) Seligmann *205, *285; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1380.12. D1380.12. Magic bedstead protects from harm. (Cf. D1154.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380.13. D1380.13. Magic story protects. (Cf. D1266.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1380.14. D1380.14. Magic poems protect. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1380.14.1. D1380.14.1. Magic hymn protects. (Cf. D1275.3, D1382.7.1, D1383.4.1, D1385.16, D1389.9.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1380.15. D1380.15. Magic well protects. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1380.16. D1380.16. Magic dog protects. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1380.16.1. D1380.16.1. Magic statue of dog protects. (Cf. D1268.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1380.17. D1380.17. Magic cup protects. (Cf. D1171.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1380.18. D1380.18. Magic cloth protects. (Cf. D1051.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380.19. D1380.19. Magic club protects ten men. (Cf. D1094.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1380.20. D1380.20. Runes protect. (Cf. D1266.1.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 298, Boberg.

D1380.21. D1380.21. Magic ointment protects. (Cf. D1244.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380.22. D1380.22. Magic feather protects. (Cf. D1021.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380.23. D1380.23. Magic ring protects. (Cf. D1076.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1380.24. D1380.24. Spell overcomes all danger. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1380.25. D1380.25. Magic cloud protects. (Cf. D901.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1380.26. D1380.26. Reindeer hose from corpse protect women. (Cf. D1062, D1278.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 173.

D1381. D1381. Magic object protects from attack. *Kittredge Witchcraft 54, 404 nn. 231--234.--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1381.1. D1381.1. Druid’s hedge prevents attack. (Cf. D945, D1282.1.1, D1361.1.) Irish: Plummer clxi, *Cross.

D1381.2. D1381.2. Saint‘s spittle protects fugitive from attack. (Cf. D1001.) Irish: Plummer clxxviii, Cross.

D1381.3. D1381.3. Magic garment protects against attack. (Cf. D1052, D1053.) *Thien Motive 30; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1712.--Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale II 354, Mцbius Hбttatal II 130, *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1381.3.1. D1381.3.1. Garment proof against all but man’s own sword. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1381.3.2. D1381.3.2. Magic unpierceable (horn) skin protects against attack. (Cf. D1025.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1381.3.3. D1381.3.3. A protective garment which spears could not penetrate. (Cf. D1052.) *Loomis White Magic 123.

D1381.4. D1381.4. Magic coat protects against attack. (Cf. D1053.)

D1381.4.1. D1381.4.1. Christ‘s coat of mercy protects Pilate from punishment. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 323.

D1381.5. D1381.5. Magic shirt protects against attack. (Cf. D1056, D1344.9, D1389.7.) Цrvar Odds Saga 75, 109 (will not protect when in flight).--Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 499.

D1381.6. D1381.6. Stone necklace protects from attack. (Cf. D1073.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1381.7. D1381.7. Magic ring protects from attack. (Cf. D1076.) English: Wells 9 (King Horn); Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1381.8. D1381.8. Arms that protect from attack. (Cf. D1080.) English: Wells 132 (Sir Launfal); Irish myth: *Cross.

D1381.9. D1381.9. Dagger protects owner from attack. (Cf. D1083.1.) Malone PMLA XLIII 402.

D1381.10. D1381.10. Magic armor protects from attack. (Cf. D1101.) Thien Motive 30.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1381.10.1. D1381.10.1. Magic impenetrable breastplate. (Cf. D1101.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1381.10.2. D1381.10.2. Magic unpierceable cuirass. (Cf. D1101.2.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508*A.

D1381.10.3. D1381.10.3. Magic unpierceable helmet. (Cf. D1101.4.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1381.10.4. D1381.10.4. Magic impenetrable yoke. (Cf. D1101.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1381.11. D1381.11. Magic circle protects from devil. (Cf. D1272.) *Types 810, 815, Fb “kreds” II 293.--Irish: Beal XXI 316; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 693--697, 700; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer II 99 n.

D1381.11.1. D1381.11.1. Magic circle protects from wild animals. Chinese: Graham.

D1381.11.2. D1381.11.2. Magic circle protects from ghosts. (Cf. D1272.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1381.12. D1381.12. Saint’s bachall keeps off enemies. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross.--*Loomis White Magic 123.

D1381.13. D1381.13. Magic fly-whisk stops sword-thrusts. (Cf. D1287.) Chinese: Werner 322.

D1381.14. D1381.14. Magic girdle protects from all wounds. (Cf. D1057.1.) English: Wells 55 (Gawayne and the Grene Knight.).

D1381.15. D1381.15. Red wards off danger. (Cf. D1293.1.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 6.

D1381.16. D1381.16. Magic letters (amulets) guard against attack by wild animals or men. (Cf. D1266.1.) Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1.

D1381.17. D1381.17. Spear in ground pointed toward ferocious animal protects. (Cf. D1084.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1381.18. D1381.18. Magic belt assures victory. (Cf. D1057.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1381.19. D1381.19. Magic chain protects from attack. (Cf. D1078.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1381.20. D1381.20. Sacred relics protect against attack. (Cf. D1296.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1381.21. D1381.21. Magic fan protects against attack. (Cf. D1077.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1381.22. D1381.22. Magic mist protects against attack. (Cf. D902.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1381.23. D1381.23. Magic spell causes fortress to revolve, preventing entrance. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1381.24. D1381.24. Magic letter protects against attack. (Cf. D1266.1.) *Fb I 609 “himmelbrev”.--Irish myth: Cross.

D1381.24.1. D1381.24.1. Reading letter written by Christ protects against attack. Irish myth: Cross.

D1381.25. D1381.25. Carrying saint’s book around army right-handwise insures victory. (Cf. D1266.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1381.25.1. D1381.25.1. Dextrorsum circuit (around sacred stone) insures victory. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1381.26. D1381.26. Magic veil protects from attack. (Cf. D1061.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1381.27. D1381.27. Magic song stops spears. (Cf. D1275.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1381.28. D1381.28. Magic tree protects from attack. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1381.29. D1381.29. Speaking lamp prevents king from killing queen. (Cf. D1162.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1381.30. D1381.30. Rider on magic horse immune to harm or danger. (Cf. B181.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1381.31. D1381.31. Magic gate swallows axes trying to force it open. (Cf. D1146.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1381.32. D1381.32. Staff protects from attack. (Cf. D1254.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1382. D1382. Magic object protects against cold or burning.

D1382.1. D1382.1. Magic pebble prevents burning. (Cf. D931.) Southern Paiute: Lowie JAFL XXXVII 144.

D1382.1.0.1. D1382.1.0.1. Magic stones from holy well protect against loss by fire or water. Irish myth: Cross.

D1382.2. D1382.2. Fat of crow prevents burning. (Cf. D1017.1.1.) *Fb “fedt” I 278b.

D1382.3. D1382.3. Magic cake protects from heat. (Cf. D1031.2.) Chinese: Werner 186.

D1382.4. D1382.4. Magic oil prevents burning. (Cf. D1244.) Malone PMLA XLIII 406.

D1382.5. D1382.5. Magic fire does not burn one. (Cf. D1271.) Irish myth: *Cross, Plummer cxxxviii; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “feu”.

D1382.5.1. D1382.5.1. Flaming shield does not burn owner. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1382.6. D1382.6. Magic shirt protects from cold and burning. (Cf. D1056.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 491.

D1382.6.1. D1382.6.1. Magic garment protects from fire. (Cf. D1052.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 210 No. 159.

D1382.7. D1382.7. Song protects from fire. (Cf. D1275.) Irish: Plummer clxxix, Cross.

D1382.7.1. D1382.7.1. Magic hymn protects from fire. (Cf. D1275.3, D1380.14.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1382.7.1.1. D1382.7.1.1. Magic song protects from frost and cold. (Cf. D1275.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 298, Boberg.

D1382.8. D1382.8. Magic stream quenches fire. (Cf. D915.2.) *Type 715; *BP I 258.

D1382.9. D1382.9. Magic cowl protects from fire. (Cf. D1067.3.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1382.9.1. D1382.9.1. Magic cowl protects from cold. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1382.10. D1382.10. Magic garment prevents burning. (Cf. D1052.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 210 No. 159.

D1382.11. D1382.11. Magic ring protects against fire. (Cf. D1076.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1382.12. D1382.12. Magic blue stone protects against frost. (Cf. D931.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1382.13. D1382.13. Blood of salamander protects against fire. (Cf. D1016.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1383. D1383. Magic object protects from poison.

D1383.1. D1383.1. Magic garment protects from poison. (Cf. D1052.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1383.2. D1383.2. Charms protect from poison. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 387 n. 82; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Penzer I 113.

D1383.3. D1383.3. Magic ring protects against poison. (Cf. D1076.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 111, 440 n. 57; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Penzer I 110 n. 1.

D1383.4. D1383.4. Song protects against poison. (Cf. D1275.) Irish: Plummer clxxix, Cross.

D1383.4.1. D1383.4.1. Magic hymn protects against poison. (Cf. D1275.3, D1380.14.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1383.5. D1383.5. Leek in beer protects against poison. (Cf. D983.3.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1383.6. D1383.6. Magic red stone protects from poison. (Cf. D1070.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1384. D1384. Magic object protects from discomfort or from accident on journey.

D1384.1. D1384.1. Magic ring prevents discomfiture. (Cf. D1076.) Kittredge Witchcraft 111, 440 n. 51.

D1384.2. D1384.2. Noose used by suicide as protection from accident. (Cf. D1278.) Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 461 n. 24.

D1384.3. D1384.3. Charm gives safety on journey. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 93; Hдlsig Der Zauberspruch bei den Germanen 48ff.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1384.3.1. D1384.3.1. Turning right-handwise insures safe journey. (Cf. D1272.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1384.4. D1384.4. Charms prevent fatigue. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 93.

D1384.4.1. D1384.4.1. Magic shirt prevents fatigue during swimming. (Cf. D1056.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1384.4.2. D1384.4.2. Magic blue stone prevents fatigue during swimming. (Cf. D1072.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1384.5. D1384.5. Song as protection on journey. (Cf. D1275.) Irish: Plummer clxxix, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1384.6. D1384.6. Ointment gives protection on journey. (Cf. D1244.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1384.7. D1384.7. Magic ring prevents losing one’s way. (Cf. D1076.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1385. D1385. Magic object protects from evil spirits. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.1. D1385.1. Earth from saint’s grave expels demons. (Cf. D935, V220.) Seligmann 149.--Irish: Plummer clxxx, Cross.

D1385.2. D1385.2. Plant as antidote to spells and enchantments. (Cf. D965.) Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 288 n. 1 (moly); Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.2.1. D1385.2.1. Herbs worn in ears keep off power of evil spirits. (Cf. D965.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1385.2.2. D1385.2.2. Rue, when burned, keeps evil spirits at a distance. (Cf. D965.16.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1385.2.3. D1385.2.3. Hawthorn protects travelers. (Cf. D950.13.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1385.2.4. D1385.2.4. Witch will never visit a house where pipal is strewn. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1385.2.5. D1385.2.5. Ash (quicken, rowan) protects against spells and enchantment. (Cf. D950.6, D1311.4.1.1.)

D1385.2.6. D1385.2.6. Roots protect from evil spirits. (Cf. D967.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.2.7. D1385.2.7. Mandrake protects from evil spirits. (Cf. D965.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.2.8. D1385.2.8. Garlic protects from evil spirits. (Cf. D1383.5.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.3. D1385.3. Marriage ring protects from devil. (Cf. D1076.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”.

D1385.3.1. D1385.3.1. Magic ring protects from spirit. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 17.

D1385.4. D1385.4. Silver bullet protects against giants, ghosts, and witches. (Cf. D1096.3.) Fb “sшlvknap”, “sшlvkugle”.--Japanese: Ikeda; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 644.

D1385.4.1. D1385.4.1. Witch shot dead with bullet of salt. (Cf. D1096.3.) Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D1385.5. D1385.5. Metal as defense against spirits. (Cf. D1252.) *Seligmann *178; Penzer II 161ff.

D1385.5.1. D1385.5.1. Copper as defense against ghosts and magic. (Cf. D1252.2.) *Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol 589.--N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Skinner PaAM XII 84.

D1385.5.2. D1385.5.2. Axe driven into house entrance keeps werwolf out. (Cf. D1206.) Jijena Sanchez 35.

D1385.6. D1385.6. Magic salve protects from enchantment. (Cf. D1244.) Fb “salve”.

D1385.7. D1385.7. Magic circle averts sorcery. (Cf. D1272.) *Chauvin VII 104 No. 378.--Scotland: Baughman.

D1385.8. D1385.8. Saint‘s bachall keeps off monsters and ghosts. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1385.9. D1385.9. Magic horseshoe keeps off devils, trolls, and witches. (Cf. D1286.) *Fb “hestesko”; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 437ff.

D1385.10. D1385.10. Wheel buried in doorstep to prevent deviltry. (Cf. D1207.) Fb “hjul”.

D1385.11. D1385.11. Churchyard mould in hat prevents witchery. (Cf. D1278.1.) Fb “kirkegaardsmuld”.

D1385.12. D1385.12. Magic bell disperses demons. (Cf. D1213.) *Frazer Old Testament III 446ff.--Irish: Plummer clxxvi, *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.12.1. D1385.12.1. Saint’s bell rung against black birds (demons). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1385.13. D1385.13. Charm prevents witchcraft. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 nn. 87, 98, 99; ibid. 133, 453ff. nn. 62--82 passim; *Fb “lжse”, “lжsning”, “Fader Vor”; Penzer III 137.

D1385.13.1. D1385.13.1. Ineffable Name subjugates demons. (Cf. D807, G302.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.14. D1385.14. Milk of two king‘s children protects hero in dragon fight. (Cf. B11.11, D1043.) Dickson 135 n. 117.

D1385.15. D1385.15. Holy water and mass prevent demons alighting on grave. (Cf. D1242.1.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1385.15.1. D1385.15.1. Holy water dispels demons. Irish myth: Cross.

D1385.16. D1385.16. Magic hymn protects against demons and vices. (Cf. D1275.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1385.16.1. D1385.16.1. Magic hymn protects against spells of druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1385.16.2. D1385.16.2. Magic hymn protects against spells of smiths. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1385.16.3. D1385.16.3. Magic hymn protects against spells of women. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1385.17. D1385.17. Magic measurement protects against devil. (Cf. D1273.4, D1389.10, F950.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1385.18. D1385.18. Magic thread protects against demons. (Cf. D1184.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.19. D1385.19. Clothing protects from evil spirit. (Cf. D1050.)

D1385.19.1. D1385.19.1. Saint‘s hose protects woman from devil. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1385.20. D1385.20. Runes protect from the curse of a dead Christian woman. (Cf. D1266.1.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 298, cf. Boberg.

D1385.21. D1385.21. Magic stone makes demons despair. Irish myth: Cross.

D1385.22. D1385.22. Bedstead at doorway prevents spirit from entering. (Cf. D1154.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1385.23. D1385.23. Magic quilt protects wearer from demons and human weapons. (Cf. D1167.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1385.24. D1385.24. Amulet guards against sorcery. (Cf. D1070.) India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 54, Rink 151, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 511.

D1385.25. D1385.25. Magic book disperses demons. (Cf. D1266.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.26. D1385.26. Red color protects against demons. (Cf. D1293.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.27. D1385.27. Meal of fishes protects against demons. (D1032.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.28. D1385.28. Magic honey protects against demons. (Cf. D1037.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1385.29. D1385.29. Magic lamp protects against demons. (Cf. D1162.1.) Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 239.

D1386. D1386. Magic object protects from unwelcome lover.

D1386.1. D1386.1. Magic sword protects woman from fairy lover in husband‘s absence. (Cf. D1081, F301.)--Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 197.

D1386.2. D1386.2. Magic herb keeps off demon lover. (Cf. D965.) Kittredge Witchcraft 120ff., 446ff. nn. 136--152 passim.--England, Scotland: *Baughman.

D1386.2.1. D1386.2.1. Clever woman and devil as paramour. Devil betrays means by which he can be driven out. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *368, 3682, Legends No. 390.

D1387. D1387. Magic object preserves chastity. Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt I 123; *Boje 106ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1387.1. D1387.1. Amulet preserves chastity. (Cf. D1070.) Dickson 53 n. 62.

D1387.2. D1387.2. Magic charm (writings) preserves chastity. (Cf. D1266.1.) English: Child II 506a; Wells 22 (Sir Beues of Hamtoun).

D1387.3. D1387.3. Magic belt protects against husband. (Cf. D1057.) Icelandic: FSS 225, Boberg.

D1388. D1388. Magic object protects from drowning. Irish myth: *Cross, Beal XXI 328.

D1388.0.1. D1388.0.1. Magic ring protects from drowning. (Cf. D1076.) *Dickson 189 n. 65.

D1388.0.2. D1388.0.2. Magic veil keeps man from sinking in water. (Cf. D1061.) Greek: Fox 262.

D1388.0.3. D1388.0.3. Magic chain protects from drowning. Irish myth: Cross.

D1388.0.4. D1388.0.4. Magic garment protects from drowning. (Cf. D1052.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1388.0.5. D1388.0.5. By means of magic bag it is possible to stay as long on the bottom of the sea as one wants. (Cf. D1193.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1388.0.6. D1388.0.6. By means of magic helmet it is possible to stay on the bottom of the sea as long as one wants. (Cf. D1101.4.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1388.1. D1388.1. Magic object protects from shipwreck.

D1388.1.1. D1388.1.1. Saint‘s bachall protects from shipwreck. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1388.1.2. D1388.1.2. Herb protects from storms at sea. (Cf. D965.) Kittredge Witchcraft 153, 474 n. 10.

D1388.1.3. D1388.1.3. Runes protect from storm and shipwreck. (Cf. D1266.1.) Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 298.

D1388.2. D1388.2. Magic stone keeps flood from overflowing earth. (Cf. A1010, D931, D1389.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1389. D1389. Magic object affords miscellaneous protection.

D1389.1. D1389.1. Magic stone protects church from oppression. (Cf. D931, V111.) Irish: Plummer clvii, Cross.

D1389.2. D1389.2. Charms against theft. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 190f., 388 n. 96, 508 nn. 34--43.

D1389.2.1. D1389.2.1. Theft from church prevented by apparent heat. *Loomis White Magic 98.

D1389.2.2. D1389.2.2. Thieves cannot cross a river because the water suddenly becomes too hot for them. *Loomis White Magic 98.

D1389.3. D1389.3. Magic cup protects against loss of strength. (Cf. D1171.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1389.4. D1389.4. Magic wheel prevents entrance to fortress. (Cf. D1207.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1389.5. D1389.5. Magic spear protects against spell. (Cf. D1084.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1389.6. D1389.6. Saint’s bell carried around tribe averts all danger. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1389.7. D1389.7. Magic shirt protects against opposition. (Cf. D1056.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1389.8. D1389.8. Magic helmet prevents baldness. (Cf. D1101.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1389.9. D1389.9. Magic hymn protects against poverty, death and dishonor. (Cf. D1275.3, D1380.14.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1389.9.1. D1389.9.1. Magic red stone protects against poverty. (Cf. D1070.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1389.9.2. D1389.9.2. Magic ring prevents poverty. (Cf. D1076.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1389.10. D1389.10. Magic measurement protects against sudden death. (Cf. D1273.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1389.11. D1389.11. Magic armature protects soul from hurt. (Cf. D1101.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1389.12. D1389.12. Leek put under the tongue of supposed dead person preserves him from harm by burial. (Cf. D983.3.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1389.13. D1389.13. Magic plant banishes fear. (Cf. D965.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1389.14. D1389.14. Sword puts to flight five evil passions. (Cf. D1081.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1389.15. D1389.15. Magic incense protects from plague. (Cf. D1295.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1389.16. D1389.16. Magic girdle protects from pain. (Cf. D1057.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1390. D1390. Magic object rescues person. Missouri French: Carriиre.

D1390.1. D1390.1. Hairs of lion, when burnt, get owner out of difficulties. (Cf. D1023.) Malone PMLA XLIII 409.

D1391. D1391. Magic object saves person from execution. Type 562.--Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D1391.1. D1391.1. Miraculous rain extinguishes fire used at stake. (Cf. D902.) *Basset RTP XXIII 167; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1391.2. D1391.2. Saint‘s bachall saves prisoner from execution. (Cf. D1277, V220.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1392. D1392. Magic object saves owner from death. *Kittredge Witchcraft 54f., 405 nn. 235--237.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1392.1. D1392.1. Amulet saves one from death. (Cf. D1070.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 187, III 114, 211, 216, Rink 168.

D1393. D1393. Magic object helps fugitive. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1393.1. D1393.1. Tree opens and conceals fugitive. (Cf. D950.) Irish: Plummer cliii, Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 90.

D1393.1.1. D1393.1.1. Woman charms stick of wood so she can hide inside it. (Cf. D956.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 107.

D1393.2. D1393.2. Magic object maintains quiet so that fugitive may escape. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 54 No. 24, 63 No. 27.

D1393.3. D1393.3. Magic storm protects hidden children. (Cf. D905.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1393.4. D1393.4. Tree points way to fugitive but misdirects enemy. (Cf. D950.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”.

D1393.5. D1393.5. Magic thorn-tree attacks pursuer and helps fugitive. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1394. D1394. Magic object helps hero in trial.

D1394.1. D1394.1. Trial by ordeal subverted by carrying magic object. *Kittredge Witchcraft 54, 404 nn. 227--229.

D1394.2. D1394.2. Magic object enables one to withstand inquisitorial torture. Kittredge Witchcraft 405 n. 235.

D1395. D1395. Magic object frees person from prison. *Type 559.--Irish myth: Cross.

D1395.1. D1395.1. Escape from prison by use of magic fiddle. (Cf. D1233.) *Types 851, 853.

D1395.2. D1395.2. Escape from prison by use of magic tablecloth. (Cf. D1153.1.) *Types 851, 853.

D1395.3. D1395.3. Escape from prison by use of magic purse. (Cf. D1192.) *Types 851, 853.

D1395.4. D1395.4. Saint’s bachall enables captive to escape. (Cf. D1277, V220.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1395.5. D1395.5. Magic ring enables captive to escape. (Cf. D1076.) English: Wells 65 (Ywain and Gawain); Icelandic: Boberg.

D1395.6. D1395.6. Escape from prison by use of charm (formula). (Cf. D1273.) Penzer I 136f.; Dickson 220 n. 12.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 298, *Boberg.

D1395.7. D1395.7. Escape from prison by use of magic hymn. (Cf. D1275.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1395.8. D1395.8. All fetters loosed on the night of Christ‘s Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

D1395.9. D1395.9. Magic centipede enables captive to make hole in wall. Chinese: Graham.

D1396. D1396. Magic object breaks spells. Irish myth: Cross.

D1396.1. D1396.1. Magic goblet breaks spells. (Cf. D1171.6.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1399. D1399. Rescue by magic object--miscellaneous.

D1399.1. D1399.1. Magic spinning rod pulls horse out of the earth. (Cf. D1254.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400--D1439.

D1400--D1439. MAGIC OBJECT GIVES POWER OVER OTHER PERSONS

D1400. D1400. Magic object overcomes person.

D1400.1. D1400.1. Magic object conquers enemies.

D1400.1.1. D1400.1.1. Magic trousers conquer enemy. Hero spreads them in air and balls of fire fall from them on enemy. (Cf. D1055.) Chinese: Werner 309.

D1400.1.2. D1400.1.2. Magic ring conquers enemy. (Cf. D1076.) *Fb “ring” III 60b.

D1400.1.3. D1400.1.3. Magic fan conquers enemy. (Cf. D1077.) Chinese: Werner 242, Eberhard FFC CXX 232.

D1400.1.4. D1400.1.4. Magic weapon conquers enemy. (Cf. D1080.)

D1400.1.4.1. D1400.1.4.1. Magic sword conquers enemy. (Cf. D1081, D1601.4.) *Type 328; MacCulloch Childhood 202.--Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 268 (Tyrfing); Finnish: Kalevala rune 36; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 303.

D1400.1.4.1.1. D1400.1.4.1.1. Sacred sword of saint repulses army of heretics. *Loomis White Magic 123.

D1400.1.4.2. D1400.1.4.2. Magic saber conquers enemy. (Cf. D1082.) *Chauvin V 259 No. 154 n. 1; Type 576***.

D1400.1.4.3. D1400.1.4.3. Magic knife conquers enemy. (Cf. D1083.) Type 576******.--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 211, (Fang): Tessman 93, 94,

D1400.1.4.4. D1400.1.4.4. Magic spear conquers enemy. (Cf. D1084, D1601.4.0.1.) Irish myth: *Cross (D1400.1.7); Chinese: Werner 355.

D1400.1.4.5. D1400.1.4.5. Hercules’ bow and arrow essential to capture Troy. Greek: Grote I 275. (Cf. D1091, D1092.)

D1400.1.4.6. D1400.1.4.6. Magic stone axe conquers enemies. (Cf. D1097.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 395.

D1400.1.4.7. D1400.1.4.7. Magic arrows annihilate army. (Cf. D1092.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.5. D1400.1.5. Magic jewel conquers enemies. (Cf. D1071.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1400.1.6. D1400.1.6. Magic amulet in mouth conquers enemies. (Cf. D1270.). Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 175, III 291, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 628.

D1400.1.7. D1400.1.7. Magic staff defeats enemies. (Cf. D1254.) German: Grimm Nos. 90, 166.

D1400.1.7.1. D1400.1.7.1. Magic club (stick) gives victory. (Cf. D1094.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.8. D1400.1.8. Magic cup gives victory. (Cf. D1171.6.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 171, Cross.

D1400.1.9. D1400.1.9. Saint‘s bell conquers enemies. (Cf. D1213.) Irish: Plummer clxxvi, *Cross.

D1400.1.9.1. D1400.1.9.1. Saint rings the church bells, and enemies flee in dismay. *Loomis White Magic 53.

D1400.1.10. D1400.1.10. Charm gives victory in fight. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 97.

D1400.1.11. D1400.1.11. Magic runes give power over enemy. (Cf. D1266.1.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 387 n. 77.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1400.1.11.1. D1400.1.11.1. Magic oath stops killer and sends invading army back. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.12. D1400.1.12. Saint’s bachall defeats enemies. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross.

D1400.1.12.1. D1400.1.12.1. Saint‘s bachall overcomes beast in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

D1400.1.13. D1400.1.13. Magic mirror kills enemy soldiers. (Cf. D1163.) Africa (Quelimane): Torrend Zs. f. afrikan. u. ozean. Spr. I 247ff.

D1400.1.14. D1400.1.14. Magic stone (jewel) gives victory. (Cf. D931.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1400.1.15. D1400.1.15. Armor gives victory. (Cf. D1101.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1400.1.16. D1400.1.16. Magic banner gives victory. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1400.1.17. D1400.1.17. Magic helmet gives victory. (Cf. D1101.4.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1400.1.18. D1400.1.18. Thread from jogi’s garment when pulled makes fort fall to ground. (Cf. D1052.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.19. D1400.1.19. Magic feather defeats enemy. (Cf. D1021.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.20. D1400.1.20. Magic (human) head defeats enemy. (Cf. D992.)

D1400.1.20.1. D1400.1.20.1. Magic (human) head causes fortress to crumble. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.21. D1400.1.21. Bull‘s tail becomes a stick that lashes hero’s enemies and exterminates an army. (Cf. D1029.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.22. D1400.1.22. Raja‘s guards magically transform stones and dry bones rained upon him by army of witches and turn them back. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.23. D1400.1.23. Magic storm conquers enemies. (Cf. D905.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1400.1.23.1. D1400.1.23.1. Magic wind sinks five pursuing demons in sea. (Cf. D906.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1400.1.23.2. D1400.1.23.2. Lightning in magic box kills an army sent by king to conquer hero. (Cf. D1174.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1401. D1401. Magic object cudgels person.

D1401.1. D1401.1. Magic club (stick) beats person. (Cf. D1094.) **Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96; *Types 563, 534*; *BP I 349ff.; Dickson 133f. nn. 110--116; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Jicarilla Apache): Goddard PaAM VIII 225 No. 27, (Tsimshian): Boas BBAE XXVII 225; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 70.

D1401.1.1. D1401.1.1. Magic cudgel beats animals to death for owner. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 70.

D1401.2. D1401.2. Magic sack furnishes mannikin who cudgels owner’s enemies. (Cf. D1193.) *Type 564; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 48.

D1401.3. D1401.3. Magic whip beats person. (Cf. D1208.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 47, (Benga): Nassau 119 No. 11.

D1401.4. D1401.4. Magic pot with demons who beat owner‘s enemy. (Cf. D1171.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1401.5. D1401.5. Magic stone hits everything and returns by itself. (Cf. D931.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1401.6. D1401.6. Magic hammer beats person. (Cf. D1209.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1401.7. D1401.7. Magic slipper beats person. (Cf. D1065.2) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1401.8. D1401.8. Log of wood animated by spirit of malignant holy man strikes left and right to kill offending villagers. (Cf. D956.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1401.9. D1401.9. Magic bone beats king’s face. (Cf. D1007.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1402. D1402. Magic object kills.

D1402.0.1. D1402.0.1. Magic object burns person up. Chinese: Werner 318.

D1402.0.1.1. D1402.0.1.1. Magic shield shoots balls of fire among enemies. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.0.1.2. D1402.0.1.2. Holy man’s cloak burns person up. (Cf. D1053.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.0.2. D1402.0.2. Magic object causes person to be drowned. (Cf. D1402.13.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.0.2.1. D1402.0.2.1. Magic well causes person to be drowned. (Cf. D926). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.0.2.2. D1402.0.2.2. Magic spell causes person to be drowned. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.0.2.3. D1402.0.2.3. Magic ring causes person to be drowned. (Cf. D1076.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.1. D1402.1. Magic plant kills. (Cf. D965.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.2. D1402.2. Magic hair in man‘s eyebrow kills all who see it. (Cf. D991.) Irish: Plummer cxl, Cross.

D1402.3. D1402.3. Magic part of animal kills.

D1402.3.1. D1402.3.1. Magic serpent heart kills giant. (Cf. D1015.1.3.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 43 No. 302*A.

D1402.3.2. D1402.3.2. Magic leopard gall causes death. (Cf. D1015.2.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 27.

D1402.3.3. D1402.3.3. Magic animal horn kills. (Cf. D1011.1.) Africa (Fang): Trilles 268.

D1402.3.4. D1402.3.4. Magic jaw bone of ass kills. (Cf. D1011.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.4. D1402.4. Magic fire kills. (Cf. D1271.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.5. D1402.5. Nessus-shirt. Magic shirt burns wearer up. (Cf. D1056.) *BP I 42 n. 1; Fb “skjorte” III 268b.; Greek: Fox 94; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1402.6. D1402.6. Magic bracelet kills man. (Cf. D1074.) Chinese: Werner 308.

D1402.7. D1402.7. Magic weapon kills. (Cf. D1080.)

D1402.7.0.1. D1402.7.0.1. Weapons magically venomous. (Cf. D1080.) Irish myth: Cross (D1402.19).

D1402.7.1. D1402.7.1. Magic sword kills man. (Cf. D1081.) Malone PMLA XLIII 403; Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.7.1.1. D1402.7.1.1. Magic sword slays a man daily. Fb “svжrd” III 690b; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1402.7.1.2. D1402.7.1.2. Magic sword always inflicts mortal wounds. Irish myth: *Cross (D1402.7.2.)

D1402.7.2. D1402.7.2. Magic spear kills. (Cf. D1084.)

D1402.7.2.1. D1402.7.2.1. Magic spear always inflicts mortal wounds. (Cf. D1084.) Irish myth: *Cross (D1402.8).

D1402.7.2.2. D1402.7.2.2. Magic all-killing spear-head. (Cf. D1084.1.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 418; Africa (Benga): Nassau 178 No. 24, version 1, (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 138.

D1402.7.2.3. D1402.7.2.3. Magic spear’s point harmless, while its shaft inflicts mortal blow. Irish myth: Cross (D1402.8.2).

D1402.7.2.4. D1402.7.2.4. Magic spear kills man. (Cf. D1084.) Irish myth: Cross (D1402.8.3).

D1402.7.3. D1402.7.3. Magic lance kills.

D1402.7.4. D1402.7.4. Magic cartridge kills. (Cf. D1096.) Jijena Sanchez 32.

D1402.7.5. D1402.7.5. Magic arrow kills. (Cf. D1092.) Chinese: Graham.

D1402.7.5.1. D1402.7.5.1. Arrows rubbed with black chicken fatal. Chinese: Graham.

D1402.8. D1402.8. Magic breath kills. (Cf. D1005.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.9. D1402.9. Magic door catches bear so that he is burned to death. (Cf. D1146.) Shasta: Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 216 No. 6.

D1402.10. D1402.10. Magic wand kills. (Cf. D1254.1.) MacCulloch Childhood 205; N. A. Indian (Passamaquoddy): Leland 127, (Chilcotin): Farrand JE II 44 No. 30, (Kwakiutl): Boas and Hunt JE III 356, (Bella Coola): Boas JE I 54.

D1402.10.1. D1402.10.1. Stick, become a sword, flies through air to kill ferocious animal-guardians of extraordinary lotus. (Cf. D1094, D1254.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1402.10.2. D1402.10.2. Rod from magic hazel-tree kills snake immediately. (Cf. D956.) (Cf. D950.1, A2711.4.1.) BP III 477.

D1402.11. D1402.11. Magic song kills person. (Cf. D1275.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 12; Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.11.1. D1402.11.1. Magic music kills person. (Cf. D1275.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.12. D1402.12. Magic ring kills. (Cf. D1076.) *Fb “ring” III 60b.

D1402.13. D1402.13. Druid‘s spells kill Christian king. (Cf. D1273.) Irish: Plummer clix, Cross.

D1402.13.1. D1402.13.1. Druid’s spells kill enemies. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.13.2. D1402.13.2. Druid‘s spells cause drowning. (Cf. D1402.0.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.13.2.1. D1402.13.2.1. Druidess’ spell causes drowning. Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.13.3. D1402.13.3. Charm used to kill. (Cf. D1273.) S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 126f.

D1402.14. D1402.14. Magic circle of saliva kills dragon. (Cf. D1001, D1272.) Wesselski Mцnchslatein 171 No. 136.

D1402.14.1. D1402.14.1. Magic charmed spittle kills. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.15. D1402.15. Magic poem (satire) causes king to waste away. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.15.1. D1402.15.1. Magic poem (satire) causes man to melt. Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.15.2. D1402.15.2. Magic poem (satire) causes death. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.15.3. D1402.15.3. Satire causes ulcers on face. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1402.16. D1402.16. Magic mustard-seed causes man to turn to ashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.16.1. D1402.16.1. Magic mustard seed causes man to be dead for an hour. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.17. D1402.17. Magic bedstead-legs kill dangerous animals. (Cf. D1154.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.18. D1402.18. Excrements cause approaching animals to fall dead. (Cf. D1002.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.19. D1402.19. Magic statue kills. (Cf. D1268.)

D1402.19.1. D1402.19.1. Magic statue of animal kills. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 152.

D1402.20. D1402.20. Magic wheel kills all upon whom it falls. (Cf. D1207.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.21. D1402.21. Magic stone kills person whom it strikes. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.22. D1402.22. Magic harp kills. (Cf. D1231.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.23. D1402.23. Killing with head of fallen enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

D1402.24. D1402.24. Water from magic fountain kills. (Cf. D925.)

D1402.24.1. D1402.24.1. Giant kills people by sprinkling water on their heads. (Cf. D1242.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.25. D1402.25. Magic pills kill. (Cf. D1243.)

D1402.25.1. D1402.25.1. Magic pills reduce snake to ashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.26. D1402.26. Magic wind kills. (Cf. D906.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.27. D1402.27. Magic dust kills snake. (Cf. D935.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.28. D1402.28. Handkerchief whirled against advancing army stretches them lifeless. (Cf. D1069.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.29. D1402.29. Magic drum enters enemy‘s body and kills him. (Cf. D1211.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1402.30. D1402.30. Magic coat kills. (Cf. D1052.) Africa: Bouveignes 44.

D1402.31. D1402.31. Magic salt kills. (Cf. D1039.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1402.32. D1402.32. Magic tomb kills. Jewish: Neuman.

D1403. D1403. Magic object maims. Irish myth: Cross.

D1403.1. D1403.1. Magic poem (satire) raises blotches on face. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1403.1.1. D1403.1.1. Magic poem causes deformity. Irish myth: Cross.

D1403.2. D1403.2. Magic well maims. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1403.3. D1403.3. Magic drink causes arms to fall from shoulders. (Cf. D1040.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1404. D1404. Magic object pierces.

D1404.1. D1404.1. Magic rod pierces whatever directed against. (Cf. D1254.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1404.2. D1404.2. Drop of hound’s blood from magic spear (lance) pierces owner‘s foot (head). (Cf. D1081.) Irish myth: *Cross (D1403.4).

D1405. D1405. Magic object causes person to disappear.

D1405.1. D1405.1. Magic ring causes person to disappear. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”.

D1406. D1406. Magic object helps win in law court.

D1406.1. D1406.1. Charm to win cases in law court. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 55, *406 nn. 240--3.

D1407. D1407. Magic object helps gambler win.

D1407.1. D1407.1. Magic ring helps gambler win. (Cf. D1076.) Kittredge Witchcraft 67, *410 n. 302.

D1407.2. D1407.2. Hangman’s noose gives luck in gambling. (Cf. D1278.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 461 n. 23.

D1407.3. D1407.3. Magic game board helps win. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1407.4. D1407.4. Charm gives victory in game of dice. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1408. D1408. Magic object devastates country.

D1408.1. D1408.1. Magic sphere burns up country. By turning that part of the globe to the sun, one can make any place on earth burn up. (Cf. D1264.) *Chauvin V 259 No. 154.

D1408.1.1. D1408.1.1. Magic bark sets creek on fire and burns it up. (Cf. D952.) Chinese: Graham.

D1408.2. D1408.2. Magic red wind devastates country. (Cf. D906.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1409. D1409. Magic object overcomes person--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

D1409.1. D1409.1. Magic object brings evil (bad luck) upon person. Irish myth: Cross.

D1409.1.1. D1409.1.1. Magic wand brings evil upon person. (Cf. D1254.1, D1254.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1409.2. D1409.2. Magic roll of cloth pacifies demon. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1410. D1410. Magic object renders person helpless.

D1410.1. D1410.1. Seeds cast on lions and tigers render them helpless. (Cf. D971.) Fb “frш” I 378b.

D1410.2. D1410.2. Light from hand-of-glory renders person helpless. (Cf. D1162.2.1.) Baker Am. Anthropologist o.s. I 55f.

D1410.3. D1410.3. Magic fluid takes away magic powers. Fluid is to be sprinkled with a willow branch. (Cf. D1242.) Chinese: Werner 216.

D1410.4. D1410.4. Possession of mermaid‘s belt gives power over her. (Cf. D1057.) *Fb “bжlte” IV 84a.

D1410.5. D1410.5. Serpent charmed into helplessness by magic formula. (Cf. D1273.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 26; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1410.6. D1410.6. Drink from magic cup deprives man of legs. (Cf. D1040, D1171.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1410.7. D1410.7. Magic bag shaken against enemies renders them helpless in face of mist or poison. (Cf. D1193.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1410.8. D1410.8. When spying follower accidentally touches holy man’s cloak he loses his eyesight and falls down senseless. (Cf. D1053.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1411. D1411. Magic object binds person (animal). Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1411.1. D1411.1. Magic rope binds person. (Cf. D1203.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1411.2. D1411.2. Magic whip holds person fast. (Cf. D1208.) Fb “pisk”.

D1411.3. D1411.3. Magic grass holds person fast. (Cf. D965.12.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1411.4. D1411.4. Magic charm binds deer so that it cannot move. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1412. D1412. Magic object pulls person into it.

D1412.1. D1412.1. Magic bag draws person into it. (Cf. D1193.) Fb “pose”; *Type 330.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 314f. No. 114.

D1412.2. D1412.2. Magic pot draws person into it. (Cf. D1171.1.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 321 n. 157.

D1412.3. D1412.3. Flames draw person into them. (Cf. D1271.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1413. D1413. Magic object holds person fast. *Type 571.--Icelandic: Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda.

D1413.0.1. D1413.0.1. Magic object causes persons to stick together.

D1413.0.1.1. D1413.0.1.1. Magic formula causes persons to stick together. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1413.1. D1413.1. Tree from which one cannot descend. (Cf. D950.) *Type 330; BP II 163ff, *188.

D1413.1.1. D1413.1.1. Cherry tree from which one cannot descend. (Cf. D950.4.) Breton: Sйbillot s.v. “cerisier”.

D1413.1.2. D1413.1.2. Pear tree from which one cannot descend. (Cf. D950.5.) Fb “pжretrж” II 905b.

D1413.1.3. D1413.1.3. Fig tree from which one cannot descend. (Cf. D950.8.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1413.2. D1413.2. Ring prevents person from rising from chair. (Cf. D1076.) *Fb “ring” III 60b, 61a.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1413.3. D1413.3. Sleigh makes person magically hold on. (Cf. D1115.) Fb “kane”.

D1413.4. D1413.4. Stairs to which person sticks. (Cf. D1144.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330.

D1413.5. D1413.5. Bench to which person sticks. (Cf. D1151.1.) *Type 330.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1413.6. D1413.6. Chair to which person sticks. (Cf. D1151.2.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 202, 515 n. 107.--Greek: Fox 206; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chaise”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 92; U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1413.7. D1413.7. Basin to which one sticks. (Cf. D1171.12.) *BP II 40 n. 2.

D1413.8. D1413.8. Chamber-pot to which one sticks. (Cf. D1171.13.) *BP II 40 n. 2.

D1413.9. D1413.9. Sack holds person who puts hand into it. (Cf. D1193.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 92; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “blague”.

D1413.9.1. D1413.9.1. Wallet (sack) from which one cannot escape. (Cf. D1192.) *Fb “pung” II 897b, “pose” II 864a.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330.

D1413.10. D1413.10. Anvil to which one sticks. (Cf. D1202.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enclume”.

D1413.11. D1413.11. Magic medicine causes person to stick to seat (pot). (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 138 No. 15, (Ekoi): Talbot 115.

D1413.12. D1413.12. Magic hand causes sword to stick to it. (Cf. D996.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1413.13. D1413.13. Magic stick holds person fast. (Cf. D1254.) Fb “kjжp”.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1413.14. D1413.14. Magic cauldron (cup) to which one sticks. (Cf. D1171.2.) Irish: Plummer clxviii, *Cross.

D1413.15. D1413.15. Magic window holds person fast. (Cf. D1145.) *Cosquin Lorraine II 28.

D1413.16. D1413.16. Magic door holds person fast. (Cf. D1146.) *Cosquin Lorraine II 28.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1413.16.1. D1413.16.1. Magic doorstep will not let person pass over. (Cf. D1146.1.) Chinese: Graham.

D1413.17. D1413.17. Magic adhesive stone. Makes all who poke in fire stick and say “Fiddevav.” (Cf. D931.) Type 593*.

D1413.18. D1413.18. Magic ball of string to which one sticks. (Cf. D1184.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1413.19. D1413.19. Magic plain to which one sticks. (Cf. D937.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1413.20. D1413.20. Magic earth-mould holds person fast. (Cf. D935.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1413.21. D1413.21. Magic grass holds person fast. (Cf. D965.12.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1413.22. D1413.22. Magic cloth holds person fast. (Cf. D1413.0.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1413.23. D1413.23. Magic drinking-tube holds person fast. (Cf. D1255.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1413.24. D1413.24. Grave holds person fast. (Cf. D1299.1.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 270.

D1413.25. D1413.25. Magic scabbard causes sword to stick to it. (Cf. D1101.5.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1414. D1414. Magic object renders weapon useless.

D1414.0.1. D1414.0.1. Magic object makes fortifications useless. German: Grimm No. 54.

D1414.1. D1414.1. Magic wand breaks enemy’s sword. (Cf. D1254.1.) Chinese: Werner 324.

D1414.2. D1414.2. Magic writings on sword render it harmless. (Cf. D1266.1.) Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 387 n. 78.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1414.3. D1414.3. Magic wind causes arms to fall from warrior‘s hands. (Cf. D906.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1414.4. D1414.4. Magic song dulls enemy’s sword. (Cf. D1275.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1414.5. D1414.5. Magic garment makes weapons useless. (Cf. D1052.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1415. D1415. Magic object compels person to dance. England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1415.1. D1415.1. Water from magic well causes person to dance. (Cf. D926, D1353.1.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 54.

D1415.2. D1415.2. Magic musical instrument causes person to dance. (Cf. D1210.) *Fb “spille” III 488b.

D1415.2.1. D1415.2.1. Magic horn causes dancing. (Cf. D1222.) Type 592; *BP II 501.

D1415.2.2. D1415.2.2. Magic clarinet causes dancing. (Cf. D1223.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “clarinette”.

D1415.2.3. D1415.2.3. Magic flute causes dancing. (Cf. D1223.1.) *BP II 490--503 passim; *Fb “flцjte”.

D1415.2.4. D1415.2.4. Magic pipe causes dancing. (Cf. D1224.) Penzer III 187.

D1415.2.5. D1415.2.5. Magic fiddle causes dancing. (Cf. D1233.) *Types 559, 592, 853; *Basset RTP XXVI 266; *Fb “Jшde” II 66b, “fiol” I 292b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “violon”; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 97ff. No. 18.

D1415.2.6. D1415.2.6. Magic lute causes dancing. (Cf. D1232.)

D1415.2.6.1. D1415.2.6.1. Magic lute causes animals to dance. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1417. D1417. Magic object imprisons person.

D1417.1. D1417.1. Magic circle prevents escape. (Cf. D1272.) Fb “kreds” II 293.

D1418. D1418. Magic object causes person to become lost. Irish myth: Cross.

D1418.1. D1418.1. Magic mist causes person to become lost. (Cf. D902.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1419. D1419. Magic object renders person helpless--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

D1419.1. D1419.1. Magic object compels person to laugh (shriek). Irish myth: Cross.

D1419.1.1. D1419.1.1. Magic grave compels person to laugh (shriek). (Cf. D1299.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1419.2. D1419.2. Magic object paralyzes. Irish myth: Cross.

D1419.2.1. D1419.2.1. Magic bell paralyzes perjurer. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1419.3. D1419.3. Magic object prevents ship from moving. Irish myth: Cross.

D1419.3.1. D1419.3.1. Saint‘s bachall prevents ship from moving. (Cf. D1277.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1419.4. D1419.4. Magic food brings eater into sender’s power. (Cf. D1031.1, D1273.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1420. D1420. Magic object draws person (thing) to it.

D1420.1. D1420.1. Person drawn by magic spell. (Cf. D1273.) Tawney II 571.

D1420.2. D1420.2. Person follows magic receding well. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1420.3. D1420.3. Guitar charming all who hear it. (Cf. D1234.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1420.4. D1420.4. Helper summoned by calling his name. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421. D1421. Magic object summons helper.

D1421.0.1. D1421.0.1. Magic bell summons helper. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.0.2. D1421.0.2. Magic ashes summon helper. (Cf. D931.1.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.0.3. D1421.0.3. Magic hair when thrown into fire summons supernatural. helper. (Cf. D991.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.1. D1421.1. Magic object summons genie.

D1421.1.1. D1421.1.1. Magic tinder summons genie. (Cf. D1175.1.) Fb “fyrtшj”.

D1421.1.2. D1421.1.2. Magic fire-steel summons genie. (Cf. D1175.2.) *Type 562.

D1421.1.3. D1421.1.3. Magic book summons genie. (Cf. D1266.) Chauvin V 262 No. 154; *Fb “bog” IV 54a; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3315, Legends Nos. 597ff., 716; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1421.1.4. D1421.1.4. Magic light summons genie. (Cf. D1162.) *Type 562; *BP II 535; *Fb “lys” II 483a.

D1421.1.5. D1421.1.5. Magic lamp summons genie. (Cf. D1162.1.) *Type 561; *BP II 544ff.

D1421.1.6. D1421.1.6. Magic ring summons genie. (Cf. D1076.) *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 214; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.1.7. D1421.1.7. Magic incense (when burned) summons genie. Africa (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVIII 183ff. No. 1.

D1421.1.8. D1421.1.8. Magic sword (rubbed) summons genie. (Cf. D1081.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.1.9. D1421.1.9. Magic hair summons demon. (Cf. D991.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.1.10. D1421.1.10. Magic roll of cloth summons demon. (Cf. D1051.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.1.11. D1421.1.11. Magic chain summons genie. (Cf. D1251.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.1.12. D1421.1.12. Magic pipe summons genie. (Cf. D1224.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.1.13. D1421.1.13. Magic ring summons air spirits. (Cf. D1076.) German: Grimm No. 166.

D1421.1.14. D1421.1.14. Opening bottle summons genie. (Cf. D1171.8.) German: Grimm No. 99.

D1421.2. D1421.2. Magic object summons water-spirit.

D1421.2.1. D1421.2.1. Magic arrow summons water-spirit. (Cf. D1092.) Chinese: Werner 182.

D1421.3. D1421.3. Magic object summons dwarfs. (Cf. F451.)

D1421.3.1. D1421.3.1. Magic fiddle summons dwarfs. (Cf. D1233.) *Fb “fiol” I 292b.

D1421.3.2. D1421.3.2. Magic flute summons dwarfs. (Cf. D1223.1.) German: Grimm No. 91.

D1421.3.3. D1421.3.3. Magic charm summons dwarfs. (Cf. D1273.) German: Grimm No. 113.

D1421.4. D1421.4. Magic object summons giant. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.4.1. D1421.4.1. Magic hairs summon giant. He gives hero some hairs from his own beard. (Cf. D991.) Malone PMLA XLIII 412; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.4.2. D1421.4.2. Magic bow summons giant. (Cf. D1091.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1421.5. D1421.5. Magic object summons army for rescue.

D1421.5.1. D1421.5.1. Magic horn summons army for rescue. (Cf. D1222.) *BP II 501.

D1421.5.2. D1421.5.2. Magic charm summons army. (Cf. D1273.) German: Grimm No. 136.

D1421.5.3. D1421.5.3. Magic sack contains soldiers which appear when it is struck. (Cf. D1193.) German: Grimm No. 54.

D1421.6. D1421.6. Magic object summons fairy.

D1421.6.1. D1421.6.1. Magic flute summons fairy. (Cf. D1223.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1425. D1425. Magic object draws lover (husband) to woman.

D1425.1. D1425.1. Magic spindle brings back prince for heroine. (Cf. D1186.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1425.2. D1425.2. Magic hairs summon husband. (Cf. D991.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 150.

D1425.3. D1425.3. Magic fan summons prince for heroine. (Cf. D1077.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1426. D1426. Magic object draws woman to man. *Type 562; *BP II 538.

D1426.0.1. D1426.0.1. Magic objects help hero win princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1426.1. D1426.1. Magic flute compels woman to come to man. (Cf. D1223.1.) Arikara: Dorsey CI XVII 90 No. 27; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1426.2. D1426.2. Magic ring causes woman to come to man. (Cf. D1076.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1426.3. D1426.3. Magic pipe compels woman to come to man. (Cf. D1224, D1427.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1427. D1427. Magic object compels one to follow.

D1427.1. D1427.1. Magic pipe compels one to follow. Pied Piper of Hamelin. (Cf. D1224.) *Fb “rotte” III 83a; *Chauvin VIII 155 No. 157; *Wehrhan Die Sage 51; *Dickson Studies in Philology XXIII (1926) 327f.; Zs. f. Vksk. XXIV 78; Solymossy Hongaarsche Sagen (Zutphen, 1929) 32, 375 No. 11; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1427.2. D1427.2. Woman’s arm-tassel lent to ogre compels her to follow him. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1427.3. D1427.3. Magic horsehairs (when rubbed) compel horse to follow. (Cf. D1023.) Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 134ff. No. 13, (Swahili): Bьttner 113ff.

D1427.4. D1427.4. Lute (rubbed) compels one to follow. (Cf. D1232.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1427.5. D1427.5. Harp compels one to follow. (Cf. D1231.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1427.6. D1427.6. Magic club brings thieves to master. (Cf. D1094.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1428. D1428. Magic object fetches another object.

D1428.1. D1428.1. Magic hair draws back quiver from which it has been taken. (Cf. D991.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 150.

D1428.2. D1428.2. Charm causes spearhead to return. (Cf. D1273.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 178 No. 24 version 1.

D1429. D1429. Magic object draws person (thing) to it--miscellaneous.

D1429.1. D1429.1. Magic stone turned thrice compels person to return to it. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1430. D1430. Magic object pursues or captures.

D1431. D1431. Magic object pursues.

D1431.1. D1431.1. Rock (stone) pursues person. (Cf. D931.) Africa (Kaffir): Theal 161; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 99.

D1431.2. D1431.2. Pursuit by magic fan. (Cf. D1077.) Chinese: Werner 242.

D1431.3. D1431.3. Pursuit by magic ring. (Cf. D1076.) Chinese: Werner 331.

D1431.4. D1431.4. Pursuit by magic buckets. (Cf. D1171.10.) Chinese: Werner 233.

D1431.5. D1431.5. Pursuit by magic calabash. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Nago): Bouche Mйlusine II 123f. No. 9.

D1432. D1432. Waters magically pursue man. (Cf. D910.) Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Iliad XXI lines 234ff.--N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 257.

D1432.1. D1432.1. Water gradually envelops girl filling pitcher and drowns her. Work of malevolent rice-spirit. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1436. D1436. Magic hair stretches after fugitive. (Cf. D991.) Molucca: Dixon 231.

D1438. D1438. Magic weapon pursues victim. (Cf. D1080.)

D1438.1. D1438.1. Spell causes spear to pursue and slay man. Irish myth: Cross.

D1438.2. D1438.2. Magic arrow pursues victim. (Cf. D1092.) S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 77.

D1438.3. D1438.3. Magic club flies through air after victim. (Cf. D1094.) S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 75.

D1440. D1440. Magic object gives power over animals.

D1440.1. D1440.1. Magic horn has power over animals. (Cf. D1222.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1441. D1441. Magic object calls animals together.

D1441.1. D1441.1. Magic musical instrument calls animals together. (Cf. D1210.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 41; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1441.1.1. D1441.1.1. Magic flute calls animals together. (Cf. D1223.1.) *Fb “flцjte”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1441.1.2. D1441.1.2. Magic pipe calls animals together. (Cf. D1224.) *Types 515*, 570; *Fb “rotte”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1441.1.3. D1441.1.3. Magic fiddle calls animals together. (Cf. D1233.) Type 650***.

D1441.1.3.1. D1441.1.3.1. Magic lute calls animals together. (Cf. D1232.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 859.

D1441.1.3.2. D1441.1.3.2. Magic harp calls animals together. (Cf. D1231.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1441.1.4. D1441.1.4. Magic song calls animals together. (Cf. D1275) Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 266.

D1441.2. D1441.2. Charm calls down swarm of bees. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 92.

D1442. D1442. Magic object tames or restrains animal.

D1442.1. D1442.1. Magic bridle restrains all horses. (Cf. D1209.1.) Type 594*.--Greek: Fox 40 (Bellerophon and Pegasus).

D1442.1.1. D1442.1.1. Mad horse becomes tame when girl’s voice reaches his ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1442.2. D1442.2. Straw on horse‘s back restrains him. (Cf. D1276.) *Fb “hest” I 598b.

D1442.3. D1442.3. Saint’s bachall subdues wild animals. (Cf. D1277, V220.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1442.4. D1442.4. Magic staff thrown causes wild animals to stand still. (Cf. D1254.) Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 19, *Neuman.

D1442.4.1. D1442.4.1. Magic rod tames lions. (Cf. D1254.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1442.5. D1442.5. Saint‘s song silences hound. (Cf. D1275.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1442.6. D1442.6. Magic spell tames animals. (Cf. D1273.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 120, 379, II 389, 917.

D1442.6.1. D1442.6.1. Spell tames horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1442.6.2. D1442.6.2. Magic spell causes birds to roost. Irish myth: Cross. (D1442.6.)

D1442.7. D1442.7. Magic breath subdues animals. (Cf. D1005.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1442.8. D1442.8. “Witch bone” enables possessor to control animals in any way he wishes. England: Baughman.

D1442.9. D1442.9. Magic meat pacifies animal guardians. (Cf. D1032.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1442.10. D1442.10. Magic whip makes docile animal-guardians of wonderful birds. (Cf. D1208.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1442.11. D1442.11. Diamond charms serpents into harmlessness. (Cf. D1071.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1442.12. D1442.12. Magic garment tames animals. (Cf. D1052.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1442.13. D1442.13. Magic musical instrument tames animals. (Cf. D1210.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 192, 1055.

D1443. D1443. Magic object expels animals.

D1443.1. D1443.1. Charm expels flies from city. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1444. D1444. Magic object catches animal.

D1444.1. D1444.1. Magic object catches fish. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 19.

D1444.1.1. D1444.1.1. Saint’s bachall catches fish. (Cf. D1277, V220.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1444.1.2. D1444.1.2. Magic wooden fish attracts live fish to fisherman‘s net. (Cf. D1268.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1444.1.3. D1444.1.3. Magic branch catches fish. (Cf. D954.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 276.

D1444.1.4. D1444.1.4. Magic charm allows person to hook mythical eel. (Cf. D1273.) Cook Islands: Bechwith Myth 104.

D1444.2. D1444.2. Charm to catch hare and monkey. (Cf. D1273.) Africa (Angola): Chatelain 183 No. 22.

D1444.3. D1444.3. Magic fishhook catches cats. (Cf. D1257.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “hameзon”.

D1444.4. D1444.4. Magic song to catch animals. (Cf. D1275.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 14; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1445. D1445. Magic object kills animal.

D1445.1. D1445.1. Revelation of magic secret permits animal to be killed. (Cf. D1273.2.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 20.

D1445.2. D1445.2. Magic spear kills animals. (Cf. D1084.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 184 No. 24 version 2.

D1445.3. D1445.3. Saint’s chant kills animal. (Cf. D1275, V220.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1445.4. D1445.4. Magic poem (satire) kills animals. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1445.5. D1445.5. Magic garment kills animals. (Cf. D1052.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1445.6. D1445.6. Magic object burns animals.

D1445.6.1. D1445.6.1. Magic clouds burn animals. (Cf. D901.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1445.6.2. D1445.6.2. Magic heavenly fire burns animals. (Cf. D1271.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1446. D1446. Magic object prevents animal from straying.

D1446.1. D1446.1. Saint‘s bell keeps cattle from straying. (Cf. D1213.) Irish: Plummer clxxvi, Cross.

D1446.2. D1446.2. Saint’s gospel-book keeps cattle from straying. (Cf. D1266.) Irish: Plummer clxxviii, Cross.

D1446.3. D1446.3. Shepherd‘s consecrated staff keeps cow from straying. (Cf. D1254.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 302 No. 6.

D1446.4. D1446.4. Saint’s staff serves as a shepherd. (Cf. D1254.) *Loomis White Magic 100.

D1446.5. D1446.5. Magic circle keeps herd within it. (Cf. D1272.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 237.

D1447. D1447. Magic object protects against wild animals.

D1447.1. D1447.1. Charm protects against wild animals. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 84.--Irish: Plummer clxxix, Cross.

D1447.2. D1447.2. Magic garment protects against wild animals. (Cf. D1052.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1447.2.1. D1447.2.1. Saint‘s cowl protects fox from hounds. (Cf. D1067.3.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1447.3. D1447.3. White ash stick held before snakes causes them to flee. U.S.: *Baughman.

D1449. D1449. Magic object gives miscellaneous powers over animals.

D1449.1. D1449.1. Charm makes cows give plenty of milk. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 164, 483 n. 12.

D1449.2. D1449.2. Magic hunting collar insures death of game. (Cf. D1068.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1449.3. D1449.3. Swine summoned out of magic harp. (Cf. D1231.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1449.4. D1449.4. Charm prevents fish being caught. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1449.4.1. D1449.4.1. Poet’s incantations drive away fish. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1449.5. D1449.5. Magic sand causes crocodile to go ashore. (Cf. D935.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1450. D1450. Magic object furnishes treasure. Handwb. d. Abergl. II “Geldzauber”; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106, 108.

D1451. D1451. Inexhaustible purse furnishes money. (Cf. D1192.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 116; *Types 564, 566, 580*; *BP I 470ff.; *Fb “pung” II 897b; *Chauvin VI 136 No. 286; *Loomis White Magic 87.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bourse”; English: (Romance) Sir Launfal (Ritson ed.) lines 320ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 16, 177.

D1451.1. D1451.1. Inexhaustible pocket furnishes money. (Cf. D1064.) Chauvin VI 104 No. 270 n. 2.--India: *Thompson-Balys; German: Grimm No. 101.

D1451.2. D1451.2. Inexhaustible bag (sack) furnishes money. (Cf. D1193.) *Fb “pose” II 864a.

D1452. D1452. Magic vessel (box) furnishes money. (Cf. D1171.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1452.1. D1452.1. Magic kettle furnishes money. (Cf. D1171.3.) *Fb “gryde” I 494b.

D1452.2. D1452.2. Magic pot furnishes money. (Cf. D1171.1.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 151; Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 119.

D1452.3. D1452.3. Lid of casket furnishes money. (Cf. D1174.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1452.4. D1452.4. Magic conch shell furnishes money. (Cf. D1029.6, D1470.1.41.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1452.5. D1452.5. Coin put in huge bell fills it with rupees. (Cf. D1288.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1454. D1454. Parts of human body furnish treasure.

D1454.1. D1454.1. Hair furnishes treasure. (Cf. D991.)

D1454.1.1. D1454.1.1. Gold and silver combed from hair. Fb “hеr” I 771b, “guld” I 512a.

D1454.1.1.1. D1454.1.1.1. The devil runs hands through his hair; coins fall to the floor. U.S.: *Baughman.

D1454.1.2. D1454.1.2. Jewels from hair. *Type 403; Kцhler-Bolte I 126; *Penzer VIII 59 n. 3; *BP I 100 n. 1; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1454.2. D1454.2. Treasure falls from mouth. (Cf. D992.2, D1454.3.) *Type 403; *BP I 100 n. 1; Fb “spytte” III 515a.--Icelandic: Snorra Edda Skaldsk. XXXII and XXXVIII; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1454.2.1. D1454.2.1. Flowers fall from lips. *BP I 100 n. 1; Kцhler-Bolte I 126.--Malone PMLA XLIII 405; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1454.3. D1454.3. Treasure from spittle. (Cf. D1454.2, D1001.) *Penzer VIII 59 n. 3.--Irish: Plummer clxxviii, Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 190.

D1454.4. D1454.4. Treasure from tears. (Cf. D1004.)

D1454.4.1. D1454.4.1. Tears of gold. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1454.4.2. D1454.4.2. Jewels from tears. Malone PMLA XLIII 405.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 41; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 190b.

D1454.4.3. D1454.4.3. Flowers from tears. Hartland Science 238.

D1454.5. D1454.5. Treasure from excrements. (Cf. D1002.) India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 145; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 190a; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 256 No. 4.

D1454.6. D1454.6. Treasure from scab. (Cf. D1009.1.) N. A. Indian (Tsimshian): Boas BBAE XXVII 190.

D1454.7. D1454.7. Treasure from footprints. (Cf. D1294.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1454.8. D1454.8. Treasure issues from girl‘s head. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1454.9. D1454.9. Treasure from nose (with sneezing). India: Thompson-Balys.

D1455. D1455. Magic clothing furnishes treasure.

D1455.1. D1455.1. Magic mantle provides treasure. (Cf. D1053.) *Type 566; *BP I 470; Aarne MSFO XXV 116.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1456. D1456. Magic ornament provides treasure.

D1456.1. D1456.1. Magic beads produce treasure. (Cf. D1071.1.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chapelet”.

D1456.2. D1456.2. Magic ring provides money. (Cf. D1076.) *Fb “ring” III 60b; India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1456.2.1. D1456.2.1. Magic ring multiplies wealth. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 66 (Draupnir); Snorra Edda Skaldsk. XXXIX (Andvari’s), *Boberg.

D1456.3. D1456.3. Magic jewel provides wealth. (Cf. D1071.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 328; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1457. D1457. Magic building provides treasure.

D1457.1. D1457.1. Magic castle (palace) provides treasure. (Cf. D1131, F771.) Hartland Science 174; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408*A.

D1461. D1461. Magic tree furnishes treasure. (Cf. D950.) *Type 511; *BP III 60ff.; *Penzer VIII 69 n. 1.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 412; Indonesian: Dixon 238 n. 51, DeVries Volksverhalen Nos. 116, 174.

D1461.0.1. D1461.0.1. Tree with golden fruit. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum mit goldenen Frьchten”.

D1461.0.2. D1461.0.2. Tree with silver branches. (Cf. D950, F811.1.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1461.1. D1461.1. Magic fruit furnishes treasure. (Cf. D981.) Indonesian: DeVries‘s list No. 195.

D1463. D1463. Magic plant furnishes treasure. Africa (Bulu): Krug 120.

D1463.1. D1463.1. Magic mandrake furnishes treasure. (Cf. D965.1.) **Starck Der Alraun; *Taylor JAFL XXXI 561f.

D1463.2. D1463.2. Magic calabash furnishes treasure. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 246.

D1463.2.1. D1463.2.1. Magic pumpkin furnishes treasure. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 35, 37.

D1463.3. D1463.3. Magic seed produces golden gourd seed. Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 36f.

D1463.4. D1463.4. Magic tobacco plant hides treasure. (Cf. D965.17.) Chinese: Graham.

D1463.5. D1463.5. Treasure-giving magic flower (gold and silver). (Cf. D975.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1463.6. D1463.6. Magic grass furnishes treasure. (Cf. D965.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1465. D1465. Magic food furnishes treasure.

D1465.1. D1465.1. Magic bread furnishes treasure. (Cf. D1031.1.)

D1465.1.1. D1465.1.1. Consecrated bread brings wealth. (Cf. D1031.1.1.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 150, 469 n. 111.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1466. D1466. Magic stone furnishes wealth. (Cf. D931.) Penzer III 161 n. 1, 162 n.--India: Thompson-Balys: Chinese: Werner 383; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 47.

D1466.1. D1466.1. Magic stone turns everything to gold. (Cf. D1470.1.1., D931.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1467. D1467. Magic water furnishes treasure. Everything it touches turns to gold. (Cf. D1242.1.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 328.

D1467.1. D1467.1. Magic fountain produces gold. (Cf. D925.) French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10.

D1467.2. D1467.2. Rubies found in whirlpool in sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469. D1469. Miscellaneous objects furnish treasure.

D1469.1. D1469.1. Magic flower pot bears plants with gold letters and leaves. (Cf. D965.) Chinese: Werner 299.

D1469.2. D1469.2. Magic doll furnishes treasure. Excreta of gold. (Cf. D1268.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1469.3. D1469.3. Shower of gems from magic anvil. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1469.4. D1469.4. Magic hail on lake causes treasure to spring from it. Cf. D902.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1469.5. D1469.5. Worshipped sex organ of horse provides money, etc. (Cf. D1029.4.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1469.6. D1469.6. Magic book furnishes wealth. (Cf. D1266.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469.7. D1469.7. Wealth from drawing cow‘s feet over money box. (Cf. D1029.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469.8. D1469.8. Treasure from magic stick. (Cf. D956, D1254.) Chinese: Graham.

D1469.9. D1469.9. Silver leaps into wine pitcher. (Cf. D1171.4.) Chinese: Graham.

D1469.10. D1469.10. Magic ashes produce jewelry. (Cf. D931.1.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469.10.1. D1469.10.1. Ashes from burned snake-woman’s body will turn anything into gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469.11. D1469.11. Magic sheepskin, shaken inside and outside shed, showers gold and silver. (Cf. D1225.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469.12. D1469.12. Magic quilt: gold coins shake out of it. (Cf. D1167.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469.13. D1469.13. Treasure falls from stone lion‘s mouth. (Cf. D1268.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1469.13.1. D1469.13.1. Statue of eagle gives wealth. Jewish: Neuman.

D1469.14. D1469.14. Magic tortoise shell produces pearls. (Cf. D1029.6.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 222.

D1469.15. D1469.15. Magic ship furnishes treasure. (Cf. D1123.) German: Grimm No. 125.

D1469.16. D1469.16. Clouds fetch previous stones. (Cf. D901.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1469.17. D1469.17. Charm makes treasure rain from sky. (Cf. D1273.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 920.

D1470. D1470. Magic object as provider.

D1470.1. D1470.1. Magic wishing-object. Object causes wishes to be fulfilled.--*Types 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 569; **Aarne MSFO XXV; *Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19; *Chauvin VI 136 No. 286.

D1472.2. D1472.2. Magic object causes food and drink to be furnished.

D1470.1.1. D1470.1.1. Magic wishing-stone. (Cf. D931.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b.--Irish myth: Cross; Italian: Basile IV No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.2. D1470.1.2. Magic wishing-tree. (Cf. D950.) *Cox Cinderella 477; Fb “trж” III 866a; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 144; BP I 165ff.

D1470.1.3. D1470.1.3. Magic wishing-laurel. (Cf. D965.9.) Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19.

D1470.1.4. D1470.1.4. Magic wishing-calabash. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 246.

D1470.1.5. D1470.1.5. Magic wishing-apple. (Cf. D981.1.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b.

D1470.1.6. D1470.1.6. Magic wishing-nut. (Cf. D985.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400B*.

D1470.1.7. D1470.1.7. Magic ass’s head fulfills wishes. (Cf. D1011.0.2.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 425.

D1470.1.8. D1470.1.8. Magic wishing-eggs. (Cf. D1019.) Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 269 No. 81.

D1470.1.9. D1470.1.9. Magic wishing-cloth. (Cf. D1051.) German: Grimm No. 54; Icelandic: Boberg; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 230; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

D1470.1.10. D1470.1.10. Magic wishing-smock. (Cf. D1052.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b.

D1470.1.11. D1470.1.11. Magic wishing-cloak (mantle). (Cf. D1053.) Cox Cinderella 485.

D1470.1.12. D1470.1.12. Magic wishing-belt. (Cf. D1057.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b.

D1470.1.13. D1470.1.13. Magic wishing-hat. (Cf. D1067.1.) Type 581*; Cox Cinderella 485; Irish myth: Cross.

D1470.1.14. D1470.1.14. Magic wishing-cap. (Cf. D1067.2.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b, “kappe” II 89a; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.15. D1470.1.15. Magic wishing-ring. (Cf. D1076.) *Type 560, 665; *Aarne MSFO XXV 43; *Fb “шnske” III 1178b, “ring” III 60b; Cox Cinderella 484f. n. 19.--Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Thonga): Junod 231.

D1470.1.16. D1470.1.16. Magic wishing-lamp. (Cf. D1162.1.) *Type 561; *Aarne MSFO XXV 3--82; BP II 544ff.--Missouri-French: Carriиre.

D1470.1.17. D1470.1.17. Magic wishing-lantern. (Cf. D1162.) Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19.

D1470.1.18. D1470.1.18. Magic wishing-cup. (Cf. D1171.6.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b.; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 361.

D1470.1.19. D1470.1.19. Magic wishing-pot. (Cf. D1171.1.) Fb “potte” II 867a.

D1470.1.20. D1470.1.20. Magic wishing-box. (Cf. D1174.) Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19; Thompson CColl II 398 (Micmac, Maliseet).--Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 18, (Angola): Chatelain 29.

D1470.1.21. D1470.1.21. Magic wishing-saddle. (Cf. D1209.2.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b.

D1470.1.22. D1470.1.22. Magic wishing-drum. (Cf. D1211.) Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 283.--Africa (Benga): Nassau 113 No. 11.

D1470.1.23. D1470.1.23. Magic wishing-pipe. (Cf. D1224.) Fb “шnske” III 1178b; Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19.

D1470.1.24. D1470.1.24. Magic wishing-wand. (Cf. D1254.1.) *Cox Cinderella 484f. n. 19; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D1470.1.25. D1470.1.25. Magic wishing-rod. (Cf. D1254.2.) *MacCulloch Childhood 206.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 307.

D1470.1.26. D1470.1.26. Magic wishing-book. (Cf. D1266.) Fb “Cyprianus” I 167a.

D1470.1.27. D1470.1.27. Magic wishing-bag. (Cf. D1193, D1274.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Ojibwa, Potawatomi): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

D1470.1.28. D1470.1.28. Magic coin fulfills wishes. (Cf. D1288.) N. A. Indian (Skaulitz): Hill-Tout JAI XXXIV 374.

D1470.1.29. D1470.1.29. Magic wishing-ball. (Cf. D1256.) Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19.

D1470.1.30. D1470.1.30. Magic wishing-bell. (Cf. D1213.) Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19.

D1470.1.31. D1470.1.31. Magic wishing-whip. (Cf. D1208.) Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19.

D1470.1.32. D1470.1.32. Magic wishing-horn. (Cf. D1222.) Cox Cinderella 484 n. 19.

D1470.1.33. D1470.1.33. Magic wishing-trumpet. (Cf. D1221.) Cox Cinderella 485.

D1470.1.34. D1470.1.34. Magic wishing-bow. (Cf. D1091.) Cox Cinderella 485.

D1470.1.35. D1470.1.35. Magic wishing-well. (Cf. D926.) Kittredge Witchcraft 34, 394 n. 114; Irish myth: Cross.

D1470.1.36. D1470.1.36. Magic wishing hair. (Cf. D991.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.37. D1470.1.37. Magic wishing ivory tusk. When struck on ground (only once) provides treasure. Africa (Bulu): Krug JAFL XXV 113 No. 9.

D1470.1.38. D1470.1.38. Magic wishing mirror. (Cf. D1163.) Africa (Quelimane): Torrend Zs. f. afrikan. u. ozean. Spr. I 247ff.

D1470.1.39. D1470.1.39. Magic wishing bracelet. (Cf. D1074.) Western Sudan: Tauxier Le Noir du Yatenga (Paris, 1917) 473 No. 74.

D1470.1.40. D1470.1.40. Magic wishing-powder. (Cf. D1251.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.41. D1470.1.41. Magic wishing conch shell. (Cf. D1029.6, D1452.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.42. D1470.1.42. Magic wishing-jewel. (Cf. D1071.) India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 289, II 422, 1355, 1369.

D1470.1.43. D1470.1.43. Magic wishing-boat. (Cf. D1121.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.44. D1470.1.44. Magic wishing-quilt. (Cf. D1167.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.45. D1470.1.45. Magic lake: whoever dies in it will have his desires fulfilled in future birth. (Cf. D921.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.1.46. D1470.1.46. Magic wishing-hammer. (Cf. D1209.4.) Japanese: Ikeda.

D1470.1.47. D1470.1.47. Magic iron measure for wishing. Korean: Zong in-Sob 27.

D1470.1.48. D1470.1.48. Magic rubber card for wishing. (Cf. D1267) Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 202.

D1470.1.49. D1470.1.49. Moon provides by magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 47.

D1470.2. D1470.2. Provisions received from magic object.

D1470.2.1. D1470.2.1. Provisions received from magic tree. (Cf. D950.) Irish myth: *Cross; German: Grimm No. 123 (food and beds in tree); India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 217 (cattle emerge from tree when it is cut).

D1470.2.1.1. D1470.2.1.1. Leaves turn into fish to feed family. (Cf. D955.) Chinese: Graham.

D1470.2.2. D1470.2.2. Supplies received from magic box. (Cf. D1174.) India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 185.

D1470.2.3. D1470.2.3. Horn of plenty (cornucopia.) (Cf. D1011.1, B115, D1475.1.) Cox Cinderella 473; Greek: Grote I 137; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; *Cosquin Contes indiens 517. See also references to B115 and D1475.1.

D1470.2.4. D1470.2.4. Supplies from toe of old woman. (Cf. D995.1.) Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 56 No. 9.

D1470.2.5. D1470.2.5. Supplies from magic table. (Cf. D1153.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1470.2.6. D1470.2.6. Supplies from bull‘s belly. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.2.7. D1470.2.7. Supplies from bull’s dung. (Cf. D1026.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.2.8. D1470.2.8. Supplies from magic ashes. (Cf. D931.1.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1470.2.9. D1470.2.9. Supplies from magic skin worn by man. (Cf. D1024.) S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 93.

D1472. D1472. Food and drink from magic object. India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 335 n. 210; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 248 No. 25.

D1472.1. D1472.1. Food or drink received directly from magic object. Cox Cinderella 473; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106ff.

D1472.1.1. D1472.1.1. Fountain miraculously supports life. (Cf. D925.) Irish: Plummer cl, *Cross.

D1472.1.2. D1472.1.2. Stone provides food. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.2.1. D1472.1.2.1. Man strikes stone: wine flows. (Cf. D1472.1.23, D1567.6.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 9.

D1472.1.2.2. D1472.1.2.2. Rock produces wine. Herder sees resemblance of stone to wine cask. He strikes it and wine flows. (Cf. D931, D1472.1.2.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 327 No. 21.

D1472.1.2.3. D1472.1.2.3. Magic pebble provides food. (Cf. D930.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1472.1.2.4. D1472.1.2.4. Magic rock supplies water. (Cf. D930.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1472.1.3. D1472.1.3. Magic tree supplies food. German: Grimm No. 82; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 555; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 287.

D1472.1.3.1. D1472.1.3.1. Magic lime tree distills sustenance for saint. (Cf. D950.7.) Irish: Plummer cliii, Cross.

D1472.1.3.2. D1472.1.3.2. Food-providing leaf. (Cf. D955.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 491.

D1472.1.4. D1472.1.4. Vegetable supporting life without other food. (Cf. D1034.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1472.1.5. D1472.1.5. Magic palace supplies food and drink. (Cf. D1132.) Irish: Beal XXI 311; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408*A.

D1472.1.6. D1472.1.6. Magic kitchen supplies food and drink. (Cf. D1141.1.) Hindu: Tawney II 226.

D1472.1.7. D1472.1.7. Magic table supplies food and drink. (Cf. D1153.) *Types 563, 564, 569; BP I 349ff., 464ff.; **Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96; *Chauvin V 259, 272 No. 154.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 28; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1472.1.8. D1472.1.8. Magic table-cloth supplies food and drink. (Cf. D1153.1.) *Type 569; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “serviette”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile I No. 1.

D1472.1.9. D1472.1.9. Magic pot supplies food and drink. (Cf. D1171.1.) *Types 565; BP II 438; *Fb “potte” II 867a.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 40f. No. 4.

D1472.1.10. D1472.1.10. Magic coffee-pot supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.1.1.) Fb “tшnde” III 934b.

D1472.1.11. D1472.1.11. Magic cauldron supplies food. (Cf. D1171.2.) Brown MPh XIV 585; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1472.1.11.1. D1472.1.11.1. Magic kettle (cauldron) turns stones to excellent food. Irish myth: Cross.

D1472.1.12. D1472.1.12. Magic kettle supplies food. (Cf. D1171.3.) *Fb “gryde” I 494; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D1472.1.12.1. D1472.1.12.1. Food-providing frying pan. (Cf. D1171.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.13. D1472.1.13. Magic pitcher supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.4.) Penzer V 3 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.14. D1472.1.14. Magic cup supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.6.) Fb “tшnde” III 934b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 202f. (gives any taste drinker desires); India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D1472.1.14.1. D1472.1.14.1. Magic food-providing cup. (Cf. D1171.6.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.15. D1472.1.15. Magic tankard supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.6.1.) Chinese: Werner 382.

D1472.1.16. D1472.1.16. Magic glass supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.6.2.) Fb “tшnde” III 934b.

D1472.1.17. D1472.1.17. Magic bottle supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.8.) *Fb “flaske” I 309; Hartland Science 142; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1472.1.18. D1472.1.18. Magic barrel supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.9.) Fb “tшnde” III 934b.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 6; U.S.: Baughman.

D1472.1.19. D1472.1.19. Magic food-basket (vessel) supplies food. (Cf. D1171.11.) Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 192.

D1472.1.20. D1472.1.20. Magic plate supplies food. (Cf. D1172.1.) Fb “tшnde” III 934b; India: *Thompson-Balys

D1472.1.21. D1472.1.21. Magic chest supplies food. (Cf. D1174.) Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 160; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.22. D1472.1.22. Magic bag (sack) supplies food. (Cf. D1193.) *Types 563, 564; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96 passim; BP I 349ff.; *Chauvin V 259, 272 No. 154; *Kittredge Witchcraft 165, 483 nn. 14--16.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 368, III 247, Rink 401.

D1472.1.22.1. D1472.1.22.1. Man compels food to enter magic sack. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC Type 330.

D1472.1.22.2. D1472.1.22.2. Saint‘s inexhaustible sack of wheat. Irish myth: Cross.

D1472.1.23. D1472.1.23. Magic basket supplies food. (Cf. D1171.11.) Tonga: Gifford 113.

D1472.1.24. D1472.1.24. Part of animal’s body supplies food or drink.

D1472.1.24.1. D1472.1.24.1. Magic drinking horn supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.6.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1472.1.24.2. D1472.1.24.2. Jawbone of ass supplies water. (Cf. D1013.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1472.1.24.3. D1472.1.24.3. Food and drink from elk‘s ears. (Cf. D1011.2.) Klikitat: Jacobs CU XIX 3.

D1472.1.24.4. D1472.1.24.4. Body of tortoise provides food. (Cf. D1010.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106.

D1472.1.25. D1472.1.25. Magic urn supplies drink. (Cf. D1171.15.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1472.1.26. D1472.1.26. Magic egg supplies food. (Cf. D1024.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 105.

D1472.1.27. D1472.1.27. Magic well supplies food. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 106.

D1472.1.28. D1472.1.28. Magic stump supplies drink. (Cf. D950.) England, U.S.: Baughman.

D1472.1.29. D1472.1.29. Magic sheepskin supplies food. (Cf. D1025.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.30. D1472.1.30. Magic ashes produce food. (Cf. D931.1.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.31. D1472.1.31. Magic food-providing sticks. (Cf. D1094.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.32. D1472.1.32. Magic fiddle provides food. (Cf. D1233.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.1.33. D1472.1.33. Magic bowl furnishes food. (Cf. D1172.2.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1025, 1055.

D1472.1.34. D1472.1.34. Part of human body furnishes food.

D1472.1.34.1. D1472.1.34.1. Magic finger provides food. (Cf. D996.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1472.1.34.2. D1472.1.34.2. Stream flows from man’s head. (Cf. D992.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1472.1.35. D1472.1.35. Water flows from axe. (Cf. D1206.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 91.

D1472.1.36. D1472.1.36. Magic apple satisfies hunger. (Cf. D981.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1472.2. D1472.2. Magic object causes food and drink to be furnished. (Cf. D1470.1.) Chinese: Graham.

D1472.2.1. D1472.2.1. Magic wishing-girdle supplies food. (Cf. D1057.1.) English: Wells 85 (The Sowdone of Babylone).

D1472.2.2. D1472.2.2. Magic wishing-drum supplies food. (Cf. D1211.) Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 90 No. 16; (Ekoi): Talbot 47.

D1472.2.3. D1472.2.3. Magic wishing-pipe supplies game. (Cf. D1224.) Central Algonquin: Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

D1472.2.4. D1472.2.4. Charm prepares feast. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Marquesas: Handy 114; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 60 No. 9.

D1472.2.5. D1472.2.5. Magic song produces food. (Cf. D1275.) Chinese: Graham.--N. A. Indian: *Boas RBAE XXXI 696, 712, 943 (Kwakiutl, Nootka, Comox, Tsimshian, Nass, Haida, Bella Coola, Chilcotin, Quinault, Lkuсgen, Squamish).

D1472.2.6. D1472.2.6. Magic pumpkin yields year‘s supply of rice. (Cf. D981.11.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.2.7. D1472.2.7. Magic calabash causes food to be furnished. (Cf. D965.2.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 228; Africa (Lamba): Doke MAFLS XX 32 No. 15, (Yoruba): Frobenius Atlantis X 310ff. No. 53, (Bassari): ibid. XI 100ff. No. 13, (Tim): ibid. XI 233 No. 46.

D1472.2.8. D1472.2.8. Magic musical pipe causes food to fall from sky. (Cf. D1031.1.1, D1224.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1472.2.9. D1472.2.9. Magic mallet produces provisions. (Cf. D1209.4.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 144.

D1472.2.10. D1472.2.10. Magic rod provides water. (Cf. D1254.2.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 109.

D1472.2.11. D1472.2.11. Magic knife stuck in tree causes wine to flow. (Cf. D1173.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 293 No. 1.

D1473. D1473. Magic object furnishes clothes. (Cf. D1470.)

D1473.1. D1473.1. Magic wand furnishes clothes. (Cf. D1254.1.) *Type 510; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 145.

D1473.2. D1473.2. Rubbing charm provides garments. (Cf. D1273.) Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

D1475. D1475. Magic object furnishes soldiers.

D1475.1. D1475.1. Magic soldier-producing horn. (Cf. D1222, D1470.2.3.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 117; *Types 566, 569; *BP I 470ff.

D1475.2. D1475.2. Magic soldier-producing trumpet. (Cf. D1221.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 117.

D1475.3. D1475.3. Magic soldier-producing pipe. (Cf. D1224.) *Aarne MSFO XXV 117.

D1475.4. D1475.4. Magic soldier-producing hat. (Cf. D1067.1.) *Fb “hat” I 563b.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chapeau”.

D1475.5. D1475.5. Magic hair produces soldiers. (Cf. D991.) India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Tosa): Equilbecq III 291ff.

D1475.6. D1475.6. Magic soldier-producing calabash. (Cf. D965.2, D1470.1.4.) Africa (Wolof): Equilbecq III 19ff.

D1475.7. D1475.7. Magic soldier-producing egg. (Cf. D1470.1.8.) Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq III 291ff.

D1476. D1476. Magic object furnishes slaves (subjects). (Cf. D1025.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1476.1. D1476.1. Magic calabash furnishes slaves. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Yoruba): Frobenius Atlantis X 232f. No. 16.

D1476.2. D1476.2. Magic egg furnishes slaves (subjects for chief or king, etc.). (Cf. D1470.1.8.) Africa (Mossi): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 274ff. No. 120, (Hausa): Equilbecq III 291ff.

D1476.3. D1476.3. Magic basket (box) furnishes slaves. (Cf. D1171.11.) Africa (Hausa): Tremearne Hausa Superstitions (London, 1913) 424ff. No. 93.

D1477. D1477. Magic object furnishes livestock (oxen, horses, etc.).

D1477.1. D1477.1. Magic calabash furnishes livestock. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Wolof): Equilbecq III 19ff.

D1477.2. D1477.2. Magic ring furnishes livestock. (Cf. D1076.) Africa (Bambara): Travйlй 205ff. No. 66.

D1477.3. D1477.3. Magic egg furnishes livestock. (Cf. D1470.1.8.) Africa (Mossi): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 274ff. No. 120, (Hausa): Equilbecq III 291ff.

D1477.4. D1477.4. Magic basket (box) furnishes livestock. (Cf. D1171.11.) Africa (Hausa): Tremearne Hausa Superstitions (London, 1913) 424ff. No.93.

D1478. D1478. Magic object provides light. (Cf. D1162.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1478.1. D1478.1. Saint’s hand illumines darkness. (Cf. D996.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1478.2. D1478.2. magic light illuminates bottom of lake. Irish myth: Cross.

D1481. D1481. Magic object furnishes warmth. Chinese: Graham.

D1481.1. D1481.1. Magic chicken wing keeps one warm in cold weather. (Cf. D1022.) Chinese: Graham.

D1481.2. D1481.2. Magic object provides fire. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 108.

D1482. D1482. Magic object produces oil.

D1482.1. D1482.1. Oil comes out of sacred white stone. (Cf. D931.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1482.2. D1482.2. Magic pumpkin holds streams of oil. (Cf. D981.11.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1483. D1483. Magic object produces building.

D1483.1. D1483.1. Palace arises from bull‘s legs buried in soil. (Cf. D1012.1, D1132.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1483.2. D1483.2. Magic bag builds palaces of gold and gems. (Cf. D1193.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1483.3. D1483.3. Magic stick: when planted in ground, palace rises. (Cf. D956.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1484. D1484. Magic object makes road.

D1484.1. D1484.1. Magic shuttle makes road. (Cf. D1185.) *Type 585; BP III 355.

D1484.2. D1484.2. Reading from magic book causes road to appear. (Cf. D1266.) Chinese: Graham.

D1485. D1485. Magic object makes carpet.

D1485.1. D1485.1. Magic shuttle makes carpet. (Cf. D1185.) *Type 585; BP III 355.

D1486. D1486. Magic object makes rivers and lakes.

D1486.1. D1486.1. Magic stone makes rivers and lakes. (Cf. D931.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 366.

D1487. D1487. Magic object makes plants grow.

D1487.1. D1487.1. Magic ring makes seaweeds grow. (Cf. D1076.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”.

D1487.2. D1487.2. Consecrated bread makes vegetables grow. (Cf. D1031.1.) Kittredge Witchcraft 149, 469 n. 109.

D1487.3. D1487.3. Magic spell makes tree grow. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1488. D1488. Magic object provides wood. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 108.

D1500. D1500. Magic object controls disease. Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.0.1. D1500.0.1. Magic book controls disease. (Cf. D1266.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1. D1500.1. Magic object heals diseases. **Seligmann; *De Cock Volksgeneeskunde; Brown Iwain 44; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.1.1. D1500.1.1. Magic healing fountain. (Cf. D925, V134.) Irish: Plummer cl, *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fontaine”; Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.1.1. D1500.1.1.1. Magic (healing) well dug by saint. (Cf. V220.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.1.1.2. D1500.1.1.2. The water of spring which a saint caused to flow has curative powers. *Loomis White Magic 104.

D1500.1.2. D1500.1.2. Sacred healing stone. (Cf. D931.) Irish: Plummer clvii, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.2.1. D1500.1.2.1. Magic healing coal. (Cf. D931.1.) Seligmann 131, *133.

D1500.1.2.2. D1500.1.2.2. Magic healing ashes. (Cf. D1271.1.) Seligmann 134, *137.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.2.3. D1500.1.2.3. Magic healing soot. (Cf. D931.1.1.) Seligmann 137, *138.

D1500.1.2.4. D1500.1.2.4. Magic healing lime. (Cf. D931.1.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.3. D1500.1.3. Magic tree heals. (Cf. D950.)

D1500.1.3.1. D1500.1.3.1. Magic healing hazel tree. (Cf. D950.1.)--BP III 477; Irish: Plummer cliii, Cross.

D1500.1.4. D1500.1.4. Magic healing plant. (Cf. D965.) *Fb “blad” IV 44a; Type 612; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “herbe”; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.4.1. D1500.1.4.1. Magic healing grass. Chinese: Graham.

D1500.1.4.2. D1500.1.4.2. Magic healing leaves. (Cf. D955.) Tonga: Gifford 28.

D1500.1.4.3. D1500.1.4.3. Magic healing herb. (Cf. D965.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 220.

D1500.1.5. D1500.1.5. Magic healing fruit. (Cf. D980.)

D1500.1.5.1. D1500.1.5.1. Magic healing apple. (Cf. D981.1, H1333.3.1.5.) *Chauvin VI 133 No. 286; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Apfel” n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 253 No. 196.

D1500.1.6. D1500.1.6. Ghoulish magic object cures disease. (Cf. D1278.)

D1500.1.6.1. D1500.1.6.1. Corpse’s hand as remedy. (Cf. D996.) Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 459f. nn. 8, 9; England: Baughman.

D1500.1.6.2. D1500.1.6.2. Churchyard mould as remedy. (Cf. D1278.1.) Seligmann 148; *Fb “grav” IV 184a; Irish myth: *Cross (D1500.1.28.1).

D1500.1.6.2.1. D1500.1.6.2.1. Consecrated clay as remedy. (Cf. D935.2.) Irish myth: *Cross (D1500.1.28.2).

D1500.1.7. D1500.1.7. Parts or products of human body cure disease.

D1500.1.7.1. D1500.1.7.1. Powdered skull as remedy. (Cf. D992.) Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 460 nn. 14, 15; England: Baughman.

D1500.1.7.1.1. D1500.1.7.1.1. Magic head (of saint) heals diseases. (Cf. D992, D1500.1.13.) Irish myth: Cross (D1500.1.6.1).

D1500.1.7.2. D1500.1.7.2. Magic healing spittle. (Cf. D1001, D1505.2.) *Fb “spytte” III 514b, 515a; Irish: Plummer clxxvii, *Cross (D1500.1.8); Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.7.2.1. D1500.1.7.2.1. Healing power of saint‘s spittle. *Loomis White Magic 103f.

D1500.1.7.3. D1500.1.7.3. Magic healing blood. (Cf. D1003.) *Fb “blod” IV 46b; Penzer I 98; *Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 386 n. 67; Irish myth: *Cross (D1500.1.9); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1500.1.7.3.1. D1500.1.7.3.1. Blood of executed man as remedy. *Fb “blod” IV 47a.

D1500.1.7.3.2. D1500.1.7.3.2. Blood of saint as cure. Irish: Plummer clxxxi, *Cross (D1500.1.9.2); *Loomis White Magic 104; Icelandic: Boberg (D1500.1.9.2).

D1500.1.7.3.3. D1500.1.7.3.3. Dragon’s heart-blood as remedy. (Cf. B11.2.9, D1015.1.2, D1016) *Type 305*.

D1500.1.7.3.4. D1500.1.7.3.4. Bath in blood of king as remedy. Irish myth: *Cross (D1500.1.9.4).

D1500.1.8. D1500.1.8. Magic amulet cures disease. (Cf. D1070.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.9. D1500.1.9. Magic jewel cures disease. (Cf. D1071.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.9.1. D1500.1.9.1. Magic sapphire cures disease. Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.9.2. D1500.1.9.2. Magic pearls cure disease. Africa (Dahome): Einstein 31.

D1500.1.10. D1500.1.10. Sacred objects cure disease. (Cf. V150.)

D1500.1.10.1. D1500.1.10.1. Consecrated bread as cure. (Cf. D1031.1.1.) Kittredge Witchcraft 149, 469 nn. 110, 112; *Loomis White Magic 105; Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.10.2. D1500.1.10.2. Consecrated wine as magic cure. (Cf. D1046.1.) Kittredge Witchcraft 148, 469 nn. 97--101.

D1500.1.10.2.1. D1500.1.10.2.1. Wine blessed by saint or received from the saint’s hand cures various ills. *Loomis White Magic 104.

D1500.1.10.3. D1500.1.10.3. Money from offertory as cure. (Cf. D1288.) Kittredge Witchcraft 151, 470f, n. 126; England: Baughman.

D1500.1.10.4. D1500.1.10.4. Consecrated grain as remedy. (Cf. D973.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.10.5. D1500.1.10.5. Consecrated ale as magic cure. (Cf. D1045.1.) Irish myth: Cross (D1500.1.34).

D1500.1.10.6. D1500.1.10.6. Lime used in building church as cure. (Cf. D931.1.4.) Irish myth: Cross (D1500.1.35).

D1500.1.11. D1500.1.11. Magic healing drink. (Cf. D1040, D1242.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.1.12. D1500.1.12. Magic statue cures disease. (Cf. D1268.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.12.1. D1500.1.12.1. Magic statue of brazen serpent cures disease. Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.13. D1500.1.13. Saint‘s possessions cure disease. (Cf. V221.)

D1500.1.13.1. D1500.1.13.1. Saint’s girdle as magic cure. (Cf. D1057.1.) Loomis White Magic 105; Irish: Plummer clxxxi, *Cross. Cf. Dh II 26f.

D1500.1.13.2. D1500.1.13.2. Saint‘s cowl as magic cure. (Cf. D1067.3.1.) Irish: Plummer clxxxi, Cross.

D1500.1.13.3. D1500.1.13.3. Saint’s bell cures disease. (Cf. D1213.) Irish: Plummer clxxvi, Cross.

D1500.1.13.4. D1500.1.13.4. Saint‘s bachall as remedy. (Cf. D1277.) *Loomis White Magic 105; Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1500.1.14. D1500.1.14. Saint’s mallet cures disease. (Cf. D1209.4.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 145.

D1500.1.15. D1500.1.15. Magic healing ring. (Cf. D1076.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 151, 470f. nn. 126--129; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.1.15.1. D1500.1.15.1. Consecrated healing ring. Kittredge Witchcraft 151, 471 n. 134; England: Baughman.

D1500.1.15.2. D1500.1.15.2. Ring made of coffin-hinge as remedy. Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 461 n. 33; England: Baughman.

D1500.1.16. D1500.1.16. Magic healing bottle. (Cf. D1171.8.) Chinese: Werner 202.

D1500.1.17. D1500.1.17. Magic weapon cures disease. (Cf. D1080.)

D1500.1.17.1. D1500.1.17.1. Magic sword cures disease. (Cf. D1081.) Greek: Grote I 268.

D1500.1.18. D1500.1.18. Magic healing water. (Cf. D1242.1.) *Type 590; Seligmann 13ff., *106; Fb “vand” III 1001b, “livets vand” II 439b; MacCulloch Childhood 67f.--Irish myth: *Cross; Babylonian: Spence 178; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights S VI 213; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 23; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 nn. 279, 279a.

D1500.1.18.1. D1500.1.18.1. Dew from saint‘s grave as cure. (Cf. D1500.1.10.) Irish: Plummer clxxx, Cross.

D1500.1.18.1.1. D1500.1.18.1.1. Water which had contact with the tombs of holy men proved curative. *Loomis White Magic. 104.

D1500.1.18.1.2. D1500.1.18.1.2. Water from saint’s washing as remedy. Loomis White Magic 104; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.1.18.2. D1500.1.18.2. Baptismal water as remedy. (Cf. D1242.1.1.) Kittredge Witchcraft 150f., 470 nn. 117--122; England: Baughman.

D1500.1.18.3. D1500.1.18.3. Holy water as remedy. (Cf. D1242.1.2.) Kittredge Witchcraft 124ff., 449f. nn. 1--33 passim; *Loomis White Magic 104; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; England, U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.18.4. D1500.1.18.4. Magic healing lake. (Cf. D921.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.18.5. D1500.1.18.5. Water from bullaun (hollowed-out stone) as remedy. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.18.6. D1500.1.18.6. Magic healing river. (Cf. D915.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.19. D1500.1.19. Magic healing salve. (Cf. D1244.) Type 611; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.19.1. D1500.1.19.1. Magic healing salve restores severed feet. (Cf. D1240.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1500.1.19.2. D1500.1.19.2. Magic healing oil from saints (sacred places). (Cf. D1500.1.10.) Loomis White Magic 79, 104, 115.

D1500.1.20. D1500.1.20. Magic healing powder. (Cf. D1246.) Chinese: Werner 375.

D1500.1.21. D1500.1.21. Magic healing wand. (Cf. D1254.1.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”.

D1500.1.22. D1500.1.22. Magic healing book. (Cf. D1266.) Type 611; Kittredge Witchcraft 146, 465 nn. 68--73 passim.

D1500.1.23. D1500.1.23. Magic healing charm (spell). (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 31f., 387f. nn. 75; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.24. D1500.1.24. Magic healing song. (Cf. D1275.) Fb. “kanariefugl” II 85; H. C. Andersen “Nattergalen”.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1500.1.25. D1500.1.25. Magic garment as remedy. (Cf. D1052.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.26. D1500.1.26. Fragments of gibbet as cure. (Cf. D1278.) Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 461 nn. 25, 26.

D1500.1.27. D1500.1.27. Magic musical instrument as cure for disease. (Cf. D1210.)

D1500.1.27.1. D1500.1.27.1. Magic healing harp. (Cf. D1231.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.27.2. D1500.1.27.2. Magic healing bell. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: *Cross (D1500.1.32).

D1500.1.28. D1500.1.28. Earth as remedy. (Cf. D935, D1503.12.) Seligmann 144ff., *154; England: Baughman.

D1500.1.29. D1500.1.29. Magic healing honey. (Cf. D1037.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.1.30. D1500.1.30. Magic healing banquet. (Cf. D1030.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.31. D1500.1.31. Gold used in medicine. Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.32. D1500.1.32. Magic comb as cure. (Cf. D1072.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.33. D1500.1.33. Parts or products of animal cure disease.

D1500.1.33.1. D1500.1.33.1. Magic healing milk. (Cf. D1018.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.33.1.1. D1500.1.33.1.1. Cures by the milk of the mothers of saints. (Cf. D1500.1.10.) *Loomis White Magic 104.

D1500.1.33.1.2. D1500.1.33.1.2. Magic healing milk of lioness. (Cf. D1018.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.1.33.2. D1500.1.33.2. Flesh of white cow with red ears as only cure for mysterious illness. (Cf. D1032.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.33.3. D1500.1.33.3. Magic animal dung. (Cf. D1026.)

D1500.1.33.3.1. D1500.1.33.3.1. Magic bird dung cures. (Cf. D1026.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.33.4. D1500.1.33.4. Hide of sheep or goat as cure. (Cf. D1025.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.1.33.5. D1500.1.33.5. Fish head cures disease. (Cf. D1011.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 42.

D1500.1.34. D1500.1.34. Magic writings heal. (Cf. D1266.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1500.1.35. D1500.1.35. Magic healing handkerchief. (Cf. D1056.1.) S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 182.

D1500.1.36. D1500.1.36. Sweat used in medicine. Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.37. D1500.1.37. Urine used in medicine. (Cf. D1002.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.1.38. D1500.1.38. M. healing mountain. (Cf. D932.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1500.2. D1500.2. Magic object wards off disease. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.2.1. D1500.2.1. Saint‘s bell wards off disease. (Cf. D1213, V221.) Irish: Plummer clxxvi, Cross.

D1500.2.2. D1500.2.2. Charm against sickness. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 40, *396 n. 145, 146; England: Baughman.

D1500.2.3. D1500.2.3. Magic picture prevents disease. (Cf. D1266.2, D1586.1.) Alphabet No. 471; Chinese: Werner 139.

D1500.2.4. D1500.2.4. Magic circle prevents disease. (Cf. D1272.) Fb “kreds” II 293.

D1500.2.5. D1500.2.5. Eating magic pig prevents disease. (Cf. B184.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.2.6. D1500.2.6. Magic girdle prevents disease. (Cf. D1057.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1500.2.7. D1500.2.7. Magic tree bears prophylactic fruit. (Cf. D950.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.2.8. D1500.2.8. Snake liver prevents disease. (Cf. D1015.4.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 32.

D1500.3. D1500.3. Magic object transfers disease to another person or thing. Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1891) 345ff., (1936) 299ff., Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1500.3.1. D1500.3.1. Charm shifts diseases to another person. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 86.

D1500.3.1.1. D1500.3.1.1. Saint causes pain of sick man to be transferred to himself. *Loomis White Magic 106.

D1500.3.2. D1500.3.2. Disease transferred to saint’s bell. (Cf. D1213.) Irish: Plummer clxxvi, *Cross.

D1500.4. D1500.4. Magic object causes disease. Chinese: Werner 245.

D1500.4.1. D1500.4.1. Magic drink causes disease. (Cf. D1242.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

D1500.4.2. D1500.4.2. Magic breath causes disease. (Cf. D1005.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.4.2.1. D1500.4.2.1. Saint’s breath makes men drunk. *Loomis White Magic 46.

D1500.4.2.2. D1500.4.2.2. Saint‘s breath causes death. (Cf. D1005.) *Loomis White Magic 46f.

D1500.4.3. D1500.4.3. Magic pond causes disease. (Cf. D921.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1500.4.3.1. D1500.4.3.1. Magic tank causes disease. (Cf. D921.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1500.4.4. D1500.4.4. Ray of sunlight causes leprosy. (Cf. D1162.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.4.5. D1500.4.5. Gloves thrown after ship cause disease. (Cf. D1066.) Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk 144-45.

D1500.4.6. D1500.4.6. Ashes cause leprosy. (Cf. D931.1.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1500.4.7. D1500.4.7. Magic bed causes disease. (Cf. D1154.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1501. D1501. Magic object assists woman in childbearing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1501.1. D1501.1. Charms prevent barrenness or miscarriage. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 89; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1501.1.1. D1501.1.1. Mistletoe used by druids to prevent barrenness. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1501.2. D1501.2. Charms make childbirth easy. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 88; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 296, *Boberg.

D1501.3. D1501.3. Magic plant makes childbirth easy. (Cf. D965.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 331.

D1501.4. D1501.4. Magic fruit from Yggdrasil placed in fire makes childbirth easy. (Cf. D981.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 331, Boberg (D1501.2).

D1501.5. D1501.5. Magic belt assists in childbirth. (Cf. D1057.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1501.6. D1501.6. Amulet assists in childbearing. (Cf. D1070.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1501.7. D1501.7. Leaves assist in childbearing. (Cf. D955.) Marquesas: Handy 58.

D1501.8. D1501.8. Medicine causes woman to bear twins. (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Fang): Tessman 90.

D1502. D1502. Magic object cures particular diseases. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1502.1. D1502.1. Magic object cures headache.

D1502.1.1. D1502.1.1. Charm for headache. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1502.2. D1502.2. Magic object cures toothache. England: Baughman.

D1502.2.1. D1502.2.1. Dead man’s tooth as cure for toothache. (Cf. D1009.2.1.) Kittredge Witchcraft 142, 460 nn. *11, 13.

D1502.2.2. D1502.2.2. Charm for toothache. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 33, 389 n. *105.--England: Baughman.

D1502.2.3. D1502.2.3. Magic object cures scrofula.

D1502.2.3.1. D1502.2.3.1. Hangman‘s noose cures scrofula. (Cf. D1278.) Kittredge Witchcraft 461 n. 22; England: Baughman.

D1502.3. D1502.3. Magic object cures fever. (Cf. D2161.1.2.)

D1502.3.1. D1502.3.1. Charm for fever. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 392 n. 105.--Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Tawney II 165.

D1502.4. D1502.4. Magic object cures leprosy.

D1502.4.1. D1502.4.1. Magic potion cures leprosy. (Cf. D1242.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1502.4.2. D1502.4.2. Blood as cure for leprosy. (Cf. D1003.) *Chauvin VIII 195 No. 235 n. 1; Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 202; Jewish: Neuman.

D1502.4.2.1. D1502.4.2.1. Blood of children (innocent maidens) as cure for leprosy. Child I 47, 50 n., IV 441b, V 285; Penzer I 98 n.; Alphabet No. 713.

D1502.4.3. D1502.4.3. Touching magic boat with exposed child in it cures leprosy. (Cf. D1121.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1502.5. D1502.5. Magic object cures mange. Irish myth: Cross.

D1502.5.1. D1502.5.1. Bath in blood of king as cure for mange. (Cf. D1500.1.9.4, F872.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1502.6. D1502.6. Magic object cures urinary disease.

D1502.6.1. D1502.6.1. Charm for urinary disease. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1502.7. D1502.7. Magic object cures earache.

D1502.7.1. D1502.7.1. Magic locust egg cures earache. (Cf. D1024.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1502.8. D1502.8. Magic object cures boils (tumors).

D1502.8.1. D1502.8.1. Magic-dog brain cures boils. (Cf. D1010.) Jijena Sanchez 136.

D1502.8.2. D1502.8.2. Magic snail body cures boils. (Cf. D1010.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1502.8.3. D1502.8.3. Magic figs cure boils. (Cf. D1031.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1502.9. D1502.9. Viper body cures skin disease. (Cf. D1010.1) Jewish: Neuman.

D1502.10. D1502.10. Magic cure for cancer.

D1502.10.1. D1502.10.1. Magic excrement as cure for cancer. (Cf. D1002.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1502.11. D1502.11. Magic water cures stomach trouble. (Cf. D1242.1.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 98.

D1503. D1503. Magic object heals wound. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1503.1. D1503.1. Magic song heals wound. (Cf. D1275.) Icelandic: De la Saussaye 241; cf. Finnish: Kalevala rune 8; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 89.

D1503.2. D1503.2. Magic pigskin heals wounds. (Cf. D1025.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1503.3. D1503.3. Charm for wounds. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 387 n. 80.--Irish myth: *Cross; England: *Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “blessure”.

D1503.3.1. D1503.3.1. Charm for burns or scalds. (Cf. D1273.) England, U.S.: Baughman (D1500.1.23.1).

D1503.4. D1503.4. Magic balm heals wounds. (Cf. D1244.) Dickson 187 nn. 61, 62.

D1503.5. D1503.5. Magic lantern heals wounds. (Cf. D1162.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.6. D1503.6. Magic jewel heals wounds. (Cf. D1071.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.7. D1503.7. Magic well heals (wounds). (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1503.7.1. D1503.7.1. Magic pool of milk heals wounds. Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.8. D1503.8. Magic goblet heals wounds. (Cf. D1171.6.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.9. D1503.9. Magic hand heals wounds. (Cf. D996.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.10. D1503.10. Magic plant heals wounds. (Cf. D965.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1503.10.1. D1503.10.1. Grass and flowers which grew upon a saint‘s grave are good for cures. (Cf. D975.) *Loomis White Magic 105.

D1503.11. D1503.11. Wounds healed by eating fruit of magic tree. (Cf. D950.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.12. D1503.12. Magic earth heals wounds. (Cf. D935.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.12.1. D1503.12.1. Earth receives curative powers from contact with saint. *Loomis White Magic 104f.

D1503.13. D1503.13. Magic potion heals wounds. (Cf. D1242.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1503.14. D1503.14. Wound healed by wounding weapon. (Cf. D1080.) Greek: Grote I 268.

D1503.14.1. D1503.14.1. Wounds caused by sword can only be healed by a certain stone. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267., *Boberg.

D1503.15. D1503.15. Wound healed with own blood. (Cf. D1003.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 118.

D1503.16. D1503.16. Wound healed by water from place wounded man’s heel dragged. (Cf. D1240.) Marquesas: Handy 117.

D1503.17. D1503.17. Magic gloves heal wound. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1504. D1504. Magic object stanches blood.

D1504.1. D1504.1. Charm stanches blood. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 387 n. 81; Irish myth: Cross; English: Child II 441, 445, 450; England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1504.2. D1504.2. Amulet cures nosebleed. (Cf. D1070.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1505. D1505. Magic object cures blindness. *Type 550.

D1505.1. D1505.1. Herbs restore sight. (Cf. D965.) *Chauvin II 193 No. 12, V 14 No. 9.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1505.2. D1505.2. Spittle restores sight. (Cf. D1001, D1500.1.8.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Maori: Dixon 59. Cf. Mark 8:23.

D1505.3. D1505.3. Magic feather restores sight. (Cf. D1021.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59 No. 425D*.

D1505.4. D1505.4. Magic honey restores sight. (Cf. D1037.) Hindu: Keith 158.

D1505.5. D1505.5. Magic water restores sight. (Cf. D1242.1.) *Types 590, 613; *Christiansen FFC XXIV 79.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

D1505.5.1. D1505.5.1. Bird‘s tears restore sight. (Cf. B736.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59 No. 425D.

D1505.5.2. D1505.5.2. Dew restores sight. (Cf. D902.2.) Christiansen FFC XXIV 78.

D1505.5.2.1. D1505.5.2.1. Dew falling on St. John’s Night restores sight. (Cf. D902.2.) *Fb “Sankt Hansdag” III 161a.

D1505.5.3. D1505.5.3. Magic fountain restores sight. (Cf. D925.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fontaine”; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1505.5.4. D1505.5.4. Holy spring restores sight. (Cf. D927, V134.) *Fb “blind” IV 45b; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1505.5.5. D1505.5.5. Magic coconut water restores sight. Marquesas: Beckwith Myth 485.

D1505.6. D1505.6. Magic ointment restores sight. (Cf. D1244.) Malone PMLA XLIII 410; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1505.7. D1505.7. Magic wand restores sight. (Cf. D1254.1.) India: Thompson-Balys; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 510.

D1505.8. D1505.8. Blood restores sight. (Cf. D1003.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1505.8.1. D1505.8.1. Blood from Christ‘s wounds restores sight. Longinus. Paris Lйgendes du moyen вge 151.

D1505.9. D1505.9. Magic flower restores sight. (Cf. D975.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1505.10. D1505.10. Saint’s breath restores sight. (Cf. D1005.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1505.10.1. D1505.10.1. Hero‘s breath restores sight. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1505.11. D1505.11. Charm for diseased eye. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1505.11.1. D1505.11.1. Charm for removing object from eye. U.S.: *Baughman (D1500.1.23.3.)

D1505.12. D1505.12. Man who touches book of St. Oswin’s life is cured of blindness. (Cf. D1266.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1505.13. D1505.13. Animal excreta cures blindness. (Cf. D1026.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1505.14. D1505.14. Animal liver cures blindness. (Cf. D1015.4.) Chinese-Persian: *Coyajee JPASB XXIV 187.

D1505.14.1. D1505.14.1. Liver of shining goat heals blindness of raja. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1505.15. D1505.15. Magic cotton-wool restores sight. (Cf. D1299.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1505.16. D1505.16. Magic statue (when kissed) restores sight. (Cf. D1268, D1794.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1505.17. D1505.17. Magic stone restores sight. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1505.18. D1505.18. Tree restores sight. (Cf. D950.)

D1505.18.1. D1505.18.1. Coconut shoots restore sight. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 492.

D1505.19. D1505.19. Gall of slain giant restores sight. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1506. D1506. Magic object cures deafness. Jewish: Neuman.

D1506.1. D1506.1. Spittle restores hearing. (Cf. D1001.) Mark 7:33.

D1507. D1507. Magic object restores speech.

D1507.1. D1507.1. Magic ring restores speech. (Cf. D1076.) Fb “ring” III 60b.

D1507.2. D1507.2. Saint‘s gospel-book restores speech. (Cf. D1266.) Irish: Plummer clxxviii, Cross.

D1507.3. D1507.3. Saint’s bell restores speech. (Cf. D1213.) Irish: Plummer clxxvi, Cross.

D1507.4. D1507.4. Saint‘s breath restores speech. (Cf. D1005.) *Loomis White Magic 105; Irish: Plummer clxxviii, Cross.

D1507.5. D1507.5. Magic cake restores speech. (Cf. D1031.2.) BP II 473; Hdwb. d. Mдrchen I 335b.

D1507.6. D1507.6. Saint’s blood restores speech. (Cf. D1003.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1507.7. D1507.7. Magic harp restores speech. (Cf. D1231.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1507.8. D1507.8. Magic gold taken from hill restores speech when it is laid under the tongue of dumb person. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 250, Boberg.

D1508. D1508. Magic object restores reason.

D1508.1. D1508.1. Saint‘s bell restores reason. (Cf. D1213.) Irish: Plummer clxxvi, Cross.

D1508.2. D1508.2. Music restores reason. (Cf. D1275.1.) Dickson 121.

D1508.3. D1508.3. Jackal-tooth as cure for madness. (Cf. D1011.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1508.4. D1508.4. Soup made of black dog’s head cures madness. (Cf. D1032.3.) Chile: Jijena Sanchez 137.

D1511. D1511. Magic object cures drunkenness.

D1511.1. D1511.1. Magic carpet cures drunkenness. (Cf. D1155.) Chinese: Werner 192.

D1512. D1512. Magic object cures ulcers.

D1512.1. D1512.1. Magic ointment cures ulcers. (Cf. D1244.) Chinese: Werner 276, 281f.

D1513. D1513. Charm removes thorn. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1514. D1514. Magic object relieves pain. Irish myth: Cross.

D1514.1. D1514.1. Magic music relieves pain. (Cf. D1275.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1514.2. D1514.2. Magic girdle relieves pain. (Cf. D1057.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1514.3. D1514.3. Charm for pain. (Cf. D1273.) England, U.S.: Baughman (D1500.1.23.2).

D1515. D1515. Magic antidote for poison. *Penzer II 303 n.; *Gimlette Malay Poisons and Charm Cures; Irish myth: Cross.

D1515.1. D1515.1. Remedies for poison. Irish myth: Cross.

D1515.2. D1515.2. Charms as antidote for poison. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 387 nn. 82, 83; England: Baughman.

D1515.2.1. D1515.2.1. Charms as antidote for snakebite. (Cf. D1273, D1515.4.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 389 n. 101; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1515.3. D1515.3. Bath in milk of white, hornless cows as antidote for poison. Irish myth: Cross.

D1515.4. D1515.4. Antidote for snakebite. (Cf. D1515.2.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1515.4.1. D1515.4.1. Maid cuts off pap to heal man‘s serpent wound. (Cf. D1009.3.) English: Child V 177.

D1515.4.2. D1515.4.2. Snake stone applied to snakebite absorbs poison. (Cf. D930.) Scotland: Baughman.

D1515.4.3. D1515.4.3. Hind’s horns as antidote for snakebite. (Cf. D1011.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1515.4.4. D1515.4.4. Body of gnat as antidote for snakebite. (Cf. D1010.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1515.4.5. D1515.4.5. Sight of brass serpent as antidote for snakebite. (Cf. D1268.3.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1515.4.6. D1515.4.6. Magic potion mixed with brains of deceitful person as cure for snakebite. (Cf. D1242.2.) Africa (Timne): Schlenker Collection of Timne Traditions (London, 1861) 87ff., (Hausa): Tremearne FL XXII 464ff. No. 50.

D1515.5. D1515.5. Remedy for mad dog bite. Irish myth: Cross (D1519.3).

D1515.5.1. D1515.5.1. Stone as antidote for mad dog bite. (Cf. D930.) U.S.: *Baughman.

D1516. D1516. Charms against elfshot. (Cf. D2066, D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 133, 453ff. nn. 62--82 passim; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 83, Snorra Edda Skaldsk. XVII; England: *Baughman.

D1517. D1517. Cure for insect‘s sting.

D1517.1. D1517.1. Body of housefly as remedy for hornet sting. (Cf. D1010.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1518. D1518. Magic object restores bodily members. Irish myth: Cross.

D1518.1. D1518.1. Magic drink restores arms. (Cf. D1040.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1518.2. D1518.2. Root restores amputated hands and feet. (Cf. D967.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1518.3. D1518.3. Hero’s breath returns head to headless horseman. (Cf. D1005.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1518.4. D1518.4. Magic object heals broken bone. Irish myth: Cross.

D1518.4.1. D1518.4.1. Magic plant heals broken bone. (Cf. D1500.1.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1519. D1519. Magic object controls disease--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

D1519.1. D1519.1. Magic object restores strength. Irish myth: Cross.

D1519.1.1. D1519.1.1. Magic bowl restores strength. (Cf. D1172.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1520. D1520. Magic object affords miraculous transportation. *Aarne MSFO XXV 116; *Types 560, 566; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.1. D1520.1. Magic transportation by bough. (Cf. D954.) *Chauvin V 229 No. 130; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.1.1. D1520.1.1. Transportation by stretching and swaying tree. The tree stretches and bends over so as to land hero in a distant country. (Cf. D482.) Tahiti, Melanesia, Indonesia: Dixon 66.

D1520.1.2. D1520.1.2. Transportation by hollow tree. (Cf. D950, D1532.7.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.2. D1520.2. Magic transportation by cloud. (Cf. D901.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130; Irish myth: Cross.

D1520.3. D1520.3. Magic transportation by hairs. (Cf. D991.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.4. D1520.4. Magic transportation by golden apple. (Cf. D981.1, F813.1.1.) *Fb “guldжble” I 516a.

D1520.5. D1520.5. Magic transportation by animal skin.

D1520.5.1. D1520.5.1. Magic transportation by skin of fish. (Cf. D1025.2.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.5.2. D1520.5.2. Magic transportation by dog skin. (Cf. D1025.6.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 54.

D1520.5.3. D1520.5.3. Magic transportation by seal skin. (Cf. D1025.9.) Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 512.

D1520.5.4. D1520.5.4. Magic transportation by horse skin. (Cf. D1025.7.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 79.

D1520.6. D1520.6. Magic transportation by cloak (cape). (Cf. D1053.) *Chauvin V 230 No. 130; Penzer I 27; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 91 No. 771*.

D1520.7. D1520.7. Magic transportation by gold uniform. (Cf. D1052.1.) *Fb “guldmundering”.

D1520.8. D1520.8. Magic transportation by saber. (Cf. D1082.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.8.1. D1520.8.1. Magic transportation by sword. (Cf. D1081.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 59.

D1520.9. D1520.9. Magic transportation by garter. (Cf. D1063.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.10. D1520.10. Magic transportation by shoes. (Cf. D1065.2, D1521.1.) Chauvin V 229 No. 130; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1520.10.1. D1520.10.1. Magic transportation by sandals. (Cf. D1065.5.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.11. D1520.11. Magic transportation by cap (hat). (Cf. D1067.1, D1067.2.) *Type 566; Chauvin V 229 No. 130; Greek: Fox 195.

D1520.12. D1520.12. Magic transportation by ring. (Cf. D1076.) Chauvin V 229 No. 130; India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1520.13. D1520.13. Magic transportation by arrow. (Cf. D1092, D1526.1.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.14. D1520.14. Transportation in magic carriage. (Cf. D1111.) Chauvin V 229 No. 130.

D1520.15. D1520.15. Transportation in magic ship. (Cf. D1123, D1521.2, D1525, D1533.1.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 39; Greek: Fox 138; Irish myth: Cross.

D1520.15.1. D1520.15.1. Sailing against a contrary wind, current and tide. *Loomis White Magic 90.

D1520.16. D1520.16. Magic transportation by chair. (Cf. D1151.2.) Chauvin V 229 No. 130; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.17. D1520.17. Magic transportation by sofa. (Cf. D1154.2.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.17.1. D1520.17.1. Magic transportation on flying bedstead. (Cf. D1154.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1520.17.2. D1520.17.2. Transportation on magic couch. (Cf. D1154.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.18. D1520.18. Magic transportation by hammock. (Cf. D1154.3.) Africa (Vai): Ellis 200 No. 18 (Type 653).

D1520.18.1. D1520.18.1. Transportation on magic swing. (Cf. D1154.3.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.18.2. D1520.18.2. Transportation in magic palanquin. (Cf. D1154.3.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.19. D1520.19. Magic transportation by carpet. (Cf. D1155, D1118, D1118.1.) *Chauvin V 230 No. 130; Fb “luftrejse” II 457; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 111 No. 39; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 137.

D1520.20. D1520.20. Transportation by magic throne. (Cf. D1156.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.21. D1520.21. Transportation by magic platform. (Cf. D1157.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.22. D1520.22. Transportation by magic pitcher. (Cf. D1171.4.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.23. D1520.23. Transportation by magic goblet. (Cf. D1171.6.2.) Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 213 n. 2.

D1520.24. D1520.24. Transportation by magic box. (Cf. D1174.) Chauvin V 230 No. 130.

D1520.25. D1520.25. Transportation by magic bag. (Cf. D1193.) Fb “rжnsel”.

D1520.26. D1520.26. Transportation by putting magic ointment on feet. (Cf. D1244.) Penzer IV 90 n. 1.

D1520.27. D1520.27. Magic transportation by means of wand. (Cf. D1254.1.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “baguette”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1520.27.1. D1520.27.1. Magic transportation by club. (Cf. D1094.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.28. D1520.28. Magic transportation in whirlwind. (Cf. D906.) *Taylor FFC LXX 24 n. 1; Jewish: Neuman.

D1520.29. D1520.29. Transportation by magic jewel. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1520.29.1. D1520.29.1. Transportation by magic pearl. (Cf. D1071.) Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 159.

D1520.30. D1520.30. Magic transportation on piece of rock. (Cf. D971.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.31. D1520.31. Magic transportation by rope. (Cf. D1203.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.32. D1520.32. Magic transportation on antlers. (Cf. D1011.1.) N. A. Indian (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 75.

D1520.33. D1520.33. Magic transportation on musical bow. (Cf. D1210.) N. A. Indian (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 79; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.34. D1520.34. Transportation by means of necklace. (Cf. D1073.) German: MacCulloch Eddic 261.

D1520.35. D1520.35. Magic transportation by feather-dress. (Cf. D1069.2.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 259, *Boberg.

D1520.36. D1520.36. Transportation by magic stone. (Cf. D931.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1520.37. D1520.37. Magic journey by reading book. Chinese: Graham.

D1521. D1521. Miraculous speed from magic object.

D1521.1. D1521.1. Seven-league boots. Boots with miraculous speed. (Cf. D1065.1.) *Type 328; *Saintyves Perrault 283, 286; *Fb “sko” III 288a, “stшvle” III 642a.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bottes”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; England: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 253; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 177.

D1521.1.1. D1521.1.1. Sandals with magic speed. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1521.2. D1521.2. Ship with miraculous speed. (Cf. D1123, D1520.15.) Fb “skib” III 243ab; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 192; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1521.2.1. D1521.2.1. Ship as swift as a bird. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1521.3. D1521.3. Sleigh as swift as thought. (Cf. D1115.) *Taylor FFC LXX 45ff.

D1521.4. D1521.4. Carriage as swift as thought. (Cf. D1111.) Hindu: Keith 108; Japanese: Anesaki 359.

D1521.5. D1521.5. Jewel gives miraculous speed. (Cf. D1071.)

D1521.5.1. D1521.5.1. Turquoise gives miraculous speed. Jewish: Neuman.

D1523. D1523. Magic self-moving vehicle. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1523.1. D1523.1. Self-propelling wagon. (Cf. D1113.) *Type 675; Fb “vogn” III 1078a.

D1523.2. D1523.2. Self-propelling (ship) boat. (Cf. D1121, D1123, D1520.15.) *Barry JAFL XXVIII 195; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 46; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14a; Africa (Fang): Trilles 137. See also references to D1520.15.

D1523.2.1. D1523.2.1. Automatic oar. (Cf. D1124.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aviron”.

D1523.2.2. D1523.2.2. Boat propelled by magic awl. (Cf. D1187.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “alиne”.

D1523.2.3. D1523.2.3. Boat propelled by magic wand. (Cf. D1254.1.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “navigation”.

D1523.2.4. D1523.2.4. Boat obeys master‘s will. *Kittredge Witchcraft 16; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman.

D1523.2.5. D1523.2.5. Boat guides self. *Kittredge Witchcraft 16; *Loomis White Magic 90; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1523.2.6. D1523.2.6. Boat guided by magic songs. (Cf. D1275.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 40.

D1523.2.7. D1523.2.7. Boat guided by magic sea-charm. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1523.2.7.1. D1523.2.7.1. Self-guiding rudderless boat. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1523.2.8. D1523.2.8. Magic boat is rowed by two wooden figures as soon as it is put on water. (Cf. D1524, D1620.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1523.3. D1523.3. Bundle of wood magically acts as riding horse. Italian: Basile I No. 3.

D1524. D1524. Magic object enables person to cross water.

D1524.1. D1524.1. Magic object permits man to walk on water. Irish myth: Cross.

D1524.1.1. D1524.1.1. Medicine on feet permits man to walk on water. (Cf. D1241.) Zanzibar: Bateman 207 No. 10.

D1524.1.2. D1524.1.2. Saint‘s bachall permits him to walk on sea. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1524.1.2.1. D1524.1.2.1. Saint casts staffs to distant island. Staff that reaches owner shall have island. (Cf. D1254.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1524.1.3. D1524.1.3. Saint spreads his cloak (or other clothes) upon the water and rides to his desired destination. (Cf. D1053.) *Loomis White Magic 91.

D1524.1.4. D1524.1.4. Sand permits man to walk on water. (Cf. D935.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1524.2. D1524.2. Clothes carry owner over water.

D1524.2.1. D1524.2.1. Boots carry owner on sea. (Cf. D1065.1.) Irish myth: *Cross (D1524.2); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bottes”.

D1524.2.2. D1524.2.2. Belt carries owner over water. (Cf. D1057.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 43, 55.

D1524.3. D1524.3. Magic stone serves as boat. (Cf. D931.) *Loomis White Magic 90; Irish: Plummer clv, *Cross; England: *Baughman.

D1524.3.1. D1524.3.1. Stone canoe. (Cf. D1122.) N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Schoolcraft Hiawatha 223.

D1524.3.2. D1524.3.2. Saint’s bell carried on floating stone. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1524.4. D1524.4. Island canoe. Magic island acts as canoe or boat. (Cf. D936, D1122.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14.

D1524.5. D1524.5. River crossed by means of charm. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1524.6. D1524.6. River crossed by means of magic stone. (Cf. D930.) Congo: Pratt-Chadwick and Lamprey The Alo Man (New York, 1927) 17ff.

D1524.7. D1524.7. Magic sod serves as boat. (Cf. D934.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1524.8. D1524.8. Leaf serves as boat. (Cf. D955, D1121.)

D1524.8.1. D1524.8.1. Leaf serves as boat for saint. England: Baughman.

D1524.9. D1524.9. Magic wind catches hero up and transports him across immense sea. (Cf. D906.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1524.10. D1524.10. Magic staff comes to one over water. (Cf. D1254.) Marquesas: Handy 134.

D1524.11. D1524.11. Magic betelnut comes to one over water. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 63.

D1524.12. D1524.12. Magic handaxe comes to one over water. (Cf. D1206.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 84ff., 101.

D1525. D1525. Magic submarine ship (boat). (Cf. D1123.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “navire”, “bateau”.--Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 18.

D1525.1. D1525.1. Magic hood enables person to pass under water. (Cf. D1067.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1526. D1526. Magic object thrown ahead carries owner with it.

D1526.1. D1526.1. Magic arrow flight. Man keeps ahead of arrow which he shoots. (Cf. D1092.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 315 n. 145a.

D1526.2. D1526.2. Magic ball flight. Man throws ball and is carried along with it. (Cf. D1256.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 315 n. 145b.

D1526.3. D1526.3. Magic pistol forces one to run behind the ball. (Cf. D1096.2.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pistolet”.

D1531. D1531. Magic object gives power of flying.

D1531.1. D1531.1. Mustard seeds give power of flying. (Cf. D971.1.) Penzer II 63f.

D1531.2. D1531.2. Magic pill gives power of flying. (Cf. D1243.) Chinese: Werner 185.

D1531.3. D1531.3. Magic sword gives power of flying. (Cf. D1081.) *Penzer IV 235f.

D1531.4. D1531.4. Magic stone under tongue gives power of flying. (Cf. D931.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1531.5. D1531.5. Witch flies with aid of magic cap or hood. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1531.6. D1531.6. Witch flies with aid of magic stick. (Cf. D956.) England: Baughman.

D1531.7. D1531.7. Witch flies with aid of magic juice. (Cf. D981.0.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

D1531.8. D1531.8. Witch flies with aid of word charm. (Cf. D1273.) England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1531.9. D1531.9. Magic flying by means of magic fiddle. (Cf. D1233.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1531.10. D1531.10. Palmetto leaves give power of flying. (Cf. D955.) Marquesas: Handy 53.

D1531.11. D1531.11. Gem gives power of flying. (Cf. D951.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1056.

D1532. D1532. Magic object bears person aloft.

D1532.1. D1532.1. Magic flying skin. (Cf. D1025.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1532.1.1. D1532.1.1. Magic mouse-skin bears person aloft. (Cf. B183.1.1, D1025.3.) Africa (Zulu): Callaway 98.

D1532.2. D1532.2. Magic breeches bear person aloft. (Cf. D1055.) *Fb “bukser”. IV 77b.

D1532.3. D1532.3. Magic shoes bear person aloft. (Cf. D1065.2.) Penzer I 24 n. 1, III 56; Fb “sko” III 288a; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1532.3.1. D1532.3.1. Special shoes enable hero to climb a stone pillar. Chinese: Graham.

D1532.4. D1532.4. Magic sandals bear person aloft. (Cf. D1065.5.) Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 153 n. 3.

D1532.5. D1532.5. Magic chariot bears person aloft. (Cf. D1114.) Jones PMLA XXIII 574.--Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 38 n. 2, Fox 115, 213; Irish: Plummer xxvii, *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 21f., 201ff.

D1532.6. D1532.6. Magic robe bears person aloft. (Cf. D1052.) Pauli (ed. Bolte). No. 668.

D1532.7. D1532.7. Magic tree bears person through air. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1532.8. D1532.8. Magic head-dress bears person aloft. (Cf. D1067.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1532.9. D1532.9. Magic leaf bears person aloft. (Cf. D955.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1532.10. D1532.10. Magic fan bears person aloft. Chinese: Graham.

D1532.11. D1532.11. Magic journey in flying boat. (Cf. D1123.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1532.12. D1532.12. Magic sword carries person through air. (Cf. D1081.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1532.13. D1532.13. Magic brick bears person to moon. (Cf. D935.4.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221.

D1533. D1533. Magic amphibian vehicle.

D1533.1. D1533.1. Magic land and water vehicle.

D1533.1.1. D1533.1.1. Magic land and water ship. (Cf. D1123.) *Type 513B; *BP II 79ff., III 272; *Fb “skib” III 242b; *Cosquin Contes indiens 452ff.; *Brown Iwain 112; Kцhler-Bolte I 134, 192f.--Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 108--09; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”.

D1533.1.2. D1533.1.2. Magic land and water chariot. (Cf. D1114.) Fb “guldkaret”.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1533.2. D1533.2. Vehicle travels above and below ground.

D1533.2.1. D1533.2.1. Box which travels above or below ground. (Cf. D1174.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “coffre”.

D1539. D1539. Miscellaneous forms of magic transportation.

D1539.1. D1539.1. Magic elevator. Stone on which one steps carries one underground. (Cf. D931.) German: Grimm No. 163.

D1539.2. D1539.2. Magic belt carries tree away. (Cf. D1057.) *Fb “trж” III 868a.

D1539.3. D1539.3. Magic staves enable man to gain precipitous height. (Cf. D1254.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1540. D1540. Magic object controls the elements. Chinese: Graham.

D1540.1. D1540.1. Magic bag controls storm, mist, darkness, etc. (Cf. D1193.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1540.2. D1540.2. Magic white, red and yellow stone causes hail, sunshine or fire, according to which side is scratched. (Cf. D931.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1540.3. D1540.3. Magic stone controls water. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1541. D1541. Magic object controls storms. Irish myth: Cross.

D1541.0.1. D1541.0.1. Charms control storms. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 94.

D1541.0.2. D1541.0.2. Magic song controls storm. (Cf. D1275.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1541.1. D1541.1. Magic object raises storm.

D1541.1.1. D1541.1.1. Magic spittle causes storm. (Cf. D1001.) Africa (Zulu): Callaway 228.

D1541.1.2. D1541.1.2. Magic song causes storm. (Cf. D1275.) Africa (Kaffir): Theal 83.

D1541.1.3. D1541.1.3. Magic fountain causes storm (rain). (Cf. D925, D926, D2143.1.) *Hamilton Romanic Review II 355ff., V 213ff.; *Brown Iwain 13ff., *126f.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1307; Holmberg Die Wassergottheiten 181ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells 65; French: Chretien de Troyes Iwain (ed. Foerster) lines 380ff.

D1541.1.4. D1541.1.4. Shirt laid upon altar raises storm. (Cf. D1056.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 531.

D1541.1.5. D1541.1.5. Tempest box raises storm. (Cf. D1174.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1541.1.6. D1541.1.6. Magic writings raise storm. (Cf. D1266.1.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 170.

D1541.1.7. D1541.1.7. Magic calabash holding bones raises storm. (Cf. D965.2) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 449.

D1541.1.8. D1541.1.8. Singing magic hymn raises storm. (Cf. D1275.3) Korean: Zong in-Sob 66.

D1541.2. D1541.2. Magic object draws storm away.

D1541.2.1. D1541.2.1. Magic pestle draws storm away. (Cf. D1254.3.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221.

D1541.2.2. D1541.2.2. Magic pearl draws storm away. (Cf. D1071.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221.

D1542. D1542. Magic object controls rain. (Cf. D1541.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1542.1. D1542.1. Magic object produces rain.

D1542.1.1. D1542.1.1. Magic stone produces rain. (Cf. D931, D1541.4.) Irish: Plummer clvii, Cross.

D1542.1.2. D1542.1.2. Magic spittle controls rain. Makes rain on everyone but possessor of spittle himself. (Cf. D1001.) Africa (Zulu): Callaway 228.

D1542.1.3. D1542.1.3. Magic hat brings flood. (Cf. D1067.1.) N. A. Indian (Haida): Alexander N. Am. 261.

D1542.1.4. D1542.1.4. Magic fan produces rain. Must be waved three times. (Cf. D1077.) Chinese: Werner 359, 362.

D1542.1.5. D1542.1.5. Magic song brings rain. (Cf. D1275.) Chinese: Graham.

D1542.1.6. D1542.1.6. Oil poured in left ear of black dog brings rain. (Cf. D1242.2.) Jijena Sanchez 134.

D1542.1.7. D1542.1.7. Blood and liver of black dog sacrificed to bring rain. (Cf. D1016., D1015.4.) Jijena Sanchez 134.

D1542.2. D1542.2. Magic object causes drought.

D1542.2.1. D1542.2.1. Sacred weapon thrown into sky causes drought. (Cf. D1080.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 293.

D1542.3. D1542.3. Magic object causes streams to dry up.

D1542.3.1. D1542.3.1. Magic medicine causes streams to dry up. (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 115.

D1542.3.2. D1542.3.2. Reading book causes river to dry up. (Cf. D1266.) Chinese: Graham.

D1542.3.3. D1542.3.3. Branch which dries up water in great river so person can cross. (Cf. D954.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1542.3.4. D1542.3.4. Magic spell dries up lake. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: Cross (D1549.9).

D1542.3.5. D1542.3.5. Not a drop of water will remain in tank no matter how hard laborers work. (Cf. D921.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1542.4. D1542.4. Magic wand keeps outdoor sleeping place dry. (Cf. D1254.1.) South Africa: Bourhill and Drake 237ff. No. 20.

D1543. D1543. Magic object controls wind.

D1543.1. D1543.1. Fountain insures favorable wind when drained. (Cf. D925.) Irish: Plummer cli, Cross.

D1543.2. D1543.2. Magic stone causes favorable wind. (Cf. D931.) Irish: Plummer clvii, Cross.

D1543.3. D1543.3. Magic fan produces wind. (Cf. D1077.) Chinese: Werner 359, 362.

D1543.4. D1543.4. Magic sword produces wind. (Cf. D1081.) Chinese: Werner 121.

D1543.5. D1543.5. Magic medicine produces wind. (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 344.

D1543.6. D1543.6. Wind carried in mantle. (Cf. D1053.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1543.7. D1543.7. Magic calabash (gourd) controls winds. (Cf. D965.2.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 86, 405.

D1544. D1544. Magic object controls earthquakes.

D1544.1. D1544.1. Magic spell controls earthquake. (Cf. D1273.) Penzer VI 29.

D1545. D1545. Magic object controls sea.

D1545.0.1. D1545.0.1. Magic runes control sea. (Cf. D1266.2.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1545.1. D1545.1. Magic object controls tides.

D1545.1.1. D1545.1.1. Magic jewel controls tides. (Cf. D1071.) Japanese: Anesaki 305.

D1546. D1546. Magic object controls heavenly bodies. Irish myth: Cross.

D1546.1. D1546.1. Magic object controls sun.

D1546.1.1. D1546.1.1. Hat which turns the sun. (Cf. D1067.1.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chapeau”.--Danish: Boberg.

D1546.1.2. D1546.1.2. Magic spell controls sun. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross (D1546.2).

D1546.1.2.1. D1546.1.2.1. Magic spell darkens sun. Irish myth: *Cross (D1546.2.1).

D1546.1.3. D1546.1.3. Magic umbrella makes sun stand still. (Cf. D1194.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 237.

D1547. D1547. Magic object reverses gravitation.

D1547.1. D1547.1. Magic root floats against the current. (Cf. D967.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1547.2. D1547.2. Magic flower thrown into lake causes waters to follow in the footsteps of the one who throws it in. (Cf. D975.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1547.3. D1547.3. Magic object lifts heavy object from river bottom. Jewish: Neuman.

D1548. D1548. Magic object controls weather.

D1548.0.1. D1548.0.1. Amulet has control over weather. (Cf. D1070.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 459. Rasmussen II 175.

D1548.1. D1548.1. Magic object assures good weather.

D1548.1.1. D1548.1.1. Magic stalk assures good weather. (Cf. D977.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 429.

D1549. D1549. Magic object controls elements: miscellaneous.

D1549.1. D1549.1. Magic arrow shakes heavens. (Cf. D1092.) Chinese: Werner 312.

D1549.2. D1549.2. Saint‘s girdle causes tree to fall in right direction. (Cf. D1057.1.) Irish: Plummer clxxxi, Cross.

D1549.3. D1549.3. Magic object controls river (lake). Icelandic: Boberg.

D1549.3.1. D1549.3.1. Saint’s bachall drives back flooding river. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1549.3.2. D1549.3.2. Saint‘s bachall leads stream through mountain (or up hill.) (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross.

D1549.3.3. D1549.3.3. Magic trousers make river boil. (Cf. D1055.) Chinese: Werner 307.

D1549.3.4. D1549.3.4. Magic gem causes river waters to recede. (Cf. D1071, D1551.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1549.3.5. D1549.3.5. Fish bone holds back water in river. (Cf. D1013.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1549.3.6. D1549.3.6. Ring of hay thrown into empty lake fills it up with water. (Cf. D1276.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1549.3.7. D1549.3.7. Written charm causes river to flow quietly. (Cf. D1266.1.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 57.

D1549.3.8. D1549.3.8. Spear stuck in river bed stops water. (Cf. D1084.) S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 132.

D1549.4. D1549.4. Saint’s bachall brings down mountain on heads of enemies. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross.

D1549.5. D1549.5. Magic staff draws water from stone. (Cf. D925.1, D1254, D1567.6.) Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 19, *Neuman: India: Thompson-Balys.

D1549.5.1. D1549.5.1. Rock beaten by sword provides water. (Cf. D930.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 114.

D1549.6. D1549.6. Saint‘s veil quells volcano. (Cf. D1061.) Acta Sanctorum February I 635.

D1549.7. D1549.7. Murdered man’s head will cause earth to burn up or sea to boil: must be carried about. (Cf. D1278.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1549.8. D1549.8. Magic song drives back flooding sea. (Cf. D1275.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1549.9. D1549.9. Magic rod causes all waters to turn to blood. (Cf. D1254.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1549.10. D1549.10. Waves answer roar of magic shield. (Cf. D1101.1, D1610.24.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1549.11. D1549.11. Magic beads break ice jam. (Cf. D1071.1.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 150.

D1550. D1550. Magic object miraculously opens and closes.

D1551. D1551. Waters magically divide and close. *Frazer Old Testament II 456ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “riviиre”; Irish: Plummer cxlviii, Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; England: Baughman; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 276 n. 15b; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 82, 93; (Hottentot): Bleek 75 No. 36.

D1551.0.1. D1551.0.1. Water becomes shallow so man is able to cross the river. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1551.1. D1551.1. Magic salt causes waters to divide. (Cf. D1039.2.) Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 282 No. 92.

D1551.2. D1551.2. Magic rod causes waters to divide and close. (Cf. D1254.2.) Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 129.

D1551.3. D1551.3. Magic root causes waters to divide and close. (Cf. D967.) Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 416.

D1551.4. D1551.4. Magic powder causes waters to divide. (Cf. D1246.) Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 214 No. 73.

D1551.5. D1551.5. Saint‘s bachall causes sea to divide. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1551.6. D1551.6. Magic stick causes waters to divide. (Cf. D956.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1551.7. D1551.7. Magic diamond on ogre’s waist opens passage in tank by its reflection on water. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1551.7.1. D1551.7.1. Diamond in snake king‘s forehead in hero’s pocket opens lake waters to reveal a pathway to underground palace. (Cf. D1071.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1551.8. D1551.8. Magic brick causes waters to divide. (Cf. D935.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1551.9. D1551.9. Magic formula causes sea to open up. (Cf. D1273.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 26, 170.

D1552. D1552. Mountains or rocks open and close. (Cf. D931, D932.) *Cox Cinderella 499; Fb “rundt” III 96b; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 319; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 73; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 156, 278, 299, Holm 52, Rasmussen III 53; (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 798, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 180, 232.

D1552.0.1. D1552.0.1. Door opens in mountain. (Cf. D932.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1552.1. D1552.1. Mountain opens at blow of divining rod. (Cf. D1254.2.) Fb “pilegren”.

D1552.2. D1552.2. Mountain opens to magic formula (Open Sesame). (Cf. D1273.) *Type 676; BP III 137.--Jewish: Neuman; Gaster Oldest Stories 132; Icelandic: Boberg; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 108, 226; Tahiti: Dixon 63; New Zealand, Samoa, Mongaia (Cook Group), Tahiti, British New Guinea, Halmahera: ibid., 48 nn. 37--41; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 81 No. 11; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 143.

D1552.3. D1552.3. Mountain pass magically closes. South Africa: Bourhill and Drake 237ff. No. 20.

D1552.4. D1552.4. Mountain opens and lets ship on wheels out, permitting magician‘s escape. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1552.5. D1552.5. Cave opens and hides fugitives. *Loomis White Magic 89, 119.

D1552.6. D1552.6. Gate or wall opens and closes, letting saint through. (Cf. D1554.) *Loomis White Magic 89.

D1552.7. D1552.7. Mountain opens and furnishes stones for church. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1552.8. D1552.8. Hill opens and closes to let fugitives pass. (Cf. D938.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1552.9. D1552.9. When enchanted deer touches rock with her muzzle it flies asunder and reveals entrance to cave. (Cf. D1011.5.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1552.10. D1552.10. Magic soot causes mountain to open. (Cf. D931.1.) Africa (Washaga): Gutman 137.

D1552.11. D1552.11. Magic stone opens treasure mountain. (Cf. D930.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221.

D1552.12. D1552.12. Magic key opens treasure mountain. (Cf. D1176.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1553. D1553. Symplegades. Rocks that clash together at intervals. (Cf. D931.) *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 458 n. 108; *Krappe Balor 111 n. 11a; Kцhler-Bolte I 572.--Greek: Fox 111, 137; *Frazer Apollodorus I 106 n. 2; Euripides Iphegenia in Taurica lines 123ff.; Herodotus 4:85; Janet Bacon Voyage of the Argonauts 79f.; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 15, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 102; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132. Maori: Clark 36ff.

D1554. D1554. Magic forest opens and closes for hero to pass. (Cf. D941.) Saintyves Perrault 65.

D1554.1. D1554.1. Woods opens and hides fugitive. (Cf. D941.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1555. D1555. Underground passage magically opens. Chinese: Graham.

D1555.1. D1555.1. Magic wand opens underground passage. (Cf. D1254.1.) *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 221; MacCulloch Childhood 207.

D1555.2. D1555.2. Magic powder causes earth to open up. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1555.3. D1555.3. Magic formula causes silver to hide itself in mountain. (Cf. D1273.) Chinese: Graham.

D1555.4. D1555.4. Fairy music causes earth to open (burst). (Cf. D1275.1, F262.) Irish myth: Cross (D1558).

D1556. D1556. Self-opening tree-trunk. (Cf. D950.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1556.1. D1556.1. Magic formula causes tree to open. (Cf. D1273.) *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”; BP III 139f.

D1556.2. D1556.2. Tree opens its trunk to give shelter to abandoned girls. (Cf. D950.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1557. D1557. Magic charm causes door to open. (Cf. D1273.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Venda): Stayt The Bavenda (London, 1931) 351ff. No. 16, (Nubia): Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens (Cairo, 1888) 112ff. No. 11, (Fang): Trilles XVI 212ff. No. 14, (Gouro): Tauxier Nиgres Gouro et Gagou (Paris, 1924) 277f. No. 12, (Mossi): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 239ff. No. 103.

D1557.1. D1557.1. Door (lock) magically opens (for saint). (Cf. D1146, D1164.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1557.2. D1557.2. Magic herb causes door to open. (Cf. D965.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1557.2.1. D1557.2.1. Magic rod causes door to open. (Cf. D1254.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1557.3. D1557.3. Magic diamond provides ingress to subterranean palace. (Cf. D1071.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1557.4. D1557.4. Gate of temple opens and shuts by magic. (Cf. D1131.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1560. D1560. Magic object performs other services for owner.

D1561. D1561. Magic object confers miraculous powers (luck).

D1561.1. D1561.1. Magic object brings luck.

D1561.1.1. D1561.1.1. Magic bird-heart (when eaten) brings man to kingship. (Cf. D1015.1.1, B113.1.) *Type 567; BP I 528, III 3; *Aarne MSFO XXV 176; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oiseau”.

D1561.1.1.1. D1561.1.1.1. Bird (when eaten) brings man to kingship. (Cf. D932.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1561.1.1.2. D1561.1.1.2. Magic fish (when eaten) brings man to kingship. (Cf. D1032.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1561.1.1.3. D1561.1.1.3. Snake’s head (when eaten) brings man to kingship. (Cf. D1011.0.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1561.1.2. D1561.1.2. Magic ring brings good luck. (Cf. D1076.) *Fb “ring” III 60b.

D1561.1.3. D1561.1.3. Horseshoe brings good luck. (Cf. D1286.) *Howey 102ff.; **Means-Lawrence Magic of the Horseshoe; *Fb “hestesko” I 603b.--England: Baughman.

D1561.1.4. D1561.1.4. Magic medicine brings success. (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 359.

D1561.1.5. D1561.1.5. Four-leaf clover brings good luck. (Cf. D965.7.) *BP III 201; *Fb “firklшver”.

D1561.1.6. D1561.1.6. Food left on magic stone brings good luck thereafter. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: Cross (D1561.8).

D1561.1.7. D1561.1.7. Magic stone brings good luck. (Cf. D930.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1561.1.8. D1561.1.8. Runes bring luck. (Cf. D1266.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1561.1.9. D1561.1.9. Lucky places for grave. (Cf. D1073.) India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D1561.1.10. D1561.1.10. Jewel brings good luck. (Cf. D1071.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1561.1.11. D1561.1.11. Magic song brings luck. (Cf. D1275.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1561.2. D1561.2. Magic object confers miraculous powers.

D1561.2.1. D1561.2.1. Magic bird (when eaten) gives power of excreting jewels. (Cf. D1032.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1561.2.2. D1561.2.2. Magic treasure gives miraculous powers. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Penzer V 76 n. 1; Busk Sagas from the Far East (London, 1878) 257, 263.

D1561.2.3. D1561.2.3. Magic power in chain. Lost when chain is stolen. (Cf. D1078.) Wesselski Mдrchen 174 No. 64.

D1561.2.4. D1561.2.4. Charm gives invisibility and power of moving everywhere. (Cf. D1273.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 750.

D1562. D1562. Magic object removes obstacles.

D1562.1. D1562.1. Magic staff destroys obstacles. (Cf. D1254.) Hawaii: Dixon 90.

D1562.2. D1562.2. Hair from fox‘s tail opens all doors. (Cf. D1023.2, D1557.) *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

D1562.3. D1562.3. Magic horn blows down wall. (Cf. D1222.) *Type 569; BP I 464ff. Cf. Joshua 6:20; Jewish: Neuman.

D1562.4. D1562.4. Magic needle makes everything fall to pieces. (Cf. D1181.) *Type 594.

D1562.5. D1562.5. Hero crosses impassable plain in path of magic object. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1562.6. D1562.6. Holy water destroys veil over well. (Cf. D1242.1.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1562.7. D1562.7. Magic root snaps bars of iron in two. (Cf. D1564.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1563. D1563. Magic object controls condition of soil.

D1563.0.1. D1563.0.1. Magic springs fertilize or sterilize earth. (Cf. D927.) *Herbert III 238; *Oesterley No. 253.

D1563.1. D1563.1. Magic object makes soil fertile.

D1563.1.1. D1563.1.1. Charms make soil fertile. (Cf. D1273.) Kittredge Witchcraft 32, 388 n. 91.

D1563.1.2. D1563.1.2. Magic song makes barren land fruitful. (Cf. D1275.) Irish: Plummer clxxix, Cross.

D1563.1.3. D1563.1.3. Sign of the cross makes barren land fruitful. Irish myth: Cross.

D1563.1.4. D1563.1.4. Saint’s bell starts crops growing. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1563.1.5. D1563.1.5. Blood makes soil fertile. (Cf. D1003.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1563.1.6. D1563.1.6. Magic branch when used as a threshing pole produces marvelous harvest of rice. (Cf. D954.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1563.2. D1563.2. Magic object makes soil sterile.

D1563.2.1. D1563.2.1. Magic chain renders orchard barren. (Cf. D1078.) Norwegian: Christiansen 91 No. 613, Asbjшrnsen og Moe (3d ed.) 240 No. 48.

D1563.2.2. D1563.2.2. Blood makes tree (and surroundings) poisonous. (Cf. D1016.) Irish myth: *Cross; Gaster Thespis 296.

D1563.2.2.1. D1563.2.2.1. Well (river) polluted by blood shed in battle. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1563.2.2.2. D1563.2.2.2. Snake‘s venom poisons tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1563.2.3. D1563.2.3. Magic poem (satire) makes land sterile. (Cf. D1275.4.) Irish myth: Cross (D1563.7).

D1563.2.4. D1563.2.4. Magic spell destroys crops. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1564. D1564. Magic object splits or cuts things. Jewish: Neuman.

D1564.1. D1564.1. Magic pebble splits wood. (Cf. D931.) Southern Paiute: Lowie JAFL XXXVII 143 No. 15.

D1564.2. D1564.2. Saint‘s spittle splits rocks. (Cf. D1001.) *Loomis White Magic 131; Irish: Plummer clxxviii, *Cross.

D1564.3. D1564.3. Saint’s bachall splits rock, cuts stone, and cleaves ground. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross.

D1564.4. D1564.4. Magic object cuts down trees.

D1564.4.1. D1564.4.1. Magic spear-head cuts down trees. (Cf. D1084.1.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 187 No. 24, Version 1.

D1564.4.2. D1564.4.2. Magic hair cuts down iron tree. (Cf. D991.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1564.5. D1564.5. Magic cranberry opens wedge and frees hero. (Cf. D981.10.1.) Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 91.

D1564.6. D1564.6. Magic sword cuts stone and fells trees. (Cf. D1081.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1564.7. D1564.7. Magic weapon (sword, axe) cuts hair (on water, in wind). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1565. D1565. Magic object causes things to seek their proper place.

D1565.1. D1565.1. Magic feather causes chips from tree to return as cut. Thus the tree remains uncut. (Cf. D1021.) Africa (Kaffir): Theal 126.

D1565.1.1. D1565.1.1. Magic song causes chips from tree to return. (Cf. D1275, A2426.4.1.) Africa (Kaffir): Theal 125, cf. (Angola): Chatelain 110.

D1565.2. D1565.2. Magic lyre charms stones into their place in building. (Cf. D1231.1.) Greek: Fox 44 (Amphion), *Grote I 242.

D1565.3. D1565.3. Magic song causes plowed ground to become unplowed. (Cf. D1275.) Africa (Kaffir): Theal 30 No. 1, 41 No. 2, (Basuto): Jacottet 100 No. 15, (Yoruba): Ellis 253 No. 4.

D1565.4. D1565.4. Saint‘s breath restores shattered vessel. (Cf. D1005.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1566. D1566. Magic object controls fire. Irish myth: Cross.

D1566.1. D1566.1. Magic object sets things afire.

D1566.1.1. D1566.1.1. Magic arrow sets fire to whatever it hits. (Cf. D1092.) N. A. Indian (Cree, Menomini): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

D1566.1.2. D1566.1.2. Magic fire-moccasins. Set fire to surroundings. (Cf. D1065.4.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 164.

D1566.1.3. D1566.1.3. Magic sword causes fire and smoke. (Cf. D1081.) Chinese: Werner 121.

D1566.1.4. D1566.1.4. Saint’s breath kindles lamps. (Cf. D1005.) *Loomis White Magic 46f.; Irish: Plummer clxxviii, *Cross.

D1566.1.4.1. D1566.1.4.1. Saint‘s breath kindles coals. Irish myth: Cross.

D1566.1.4.2. D1566.1.4.2. Saint’s (man‘s) breath makes icicles (snow, water) burn. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1566.1.5. D1566.1.5. Shower of fire from magic anvil. (Cf. D1202.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1566.1.6. D1566.1.6. Magic dog’s breath burns dead bodies. (Cf. B182.1, D1029.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1566.1.7. D1566.1.7. Holy water procures fire or light. (Cf. V132.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1566.2. D1566.2. Magic object quenches fire.

D1566.2.1. D1566.2.1. Saint‘s bachall quenches fire. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1566.2.2. D1566.2.2. Magic fan quenches fire. (Cf. D1077.) Chinese: Werner 359, 362.

D1566.2.3. D1566.2.3. Magic song quenches fire. (Cf. D1275.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1566.2.4. D1566.2.4. Runes quench fire (D1266.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1566.2.5. D1566.2.5. Ring makes boiling water cold. (Cf. D1076.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1566.2.6. D1566.2.6. Salamander’s blood quenches fire. (Cf. D1016.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1566.2.7. D1566.2.7. Magic girdle produces stream of water to quench fire. (Cf. D1057.1.) Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/221).

D1567. D1567. Magic object produces fountain. (Cf. D925.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1567.1. D1567.1. Saint‘s blood produces fountain. (Cf. D1003, V220.) Irish: Plummer cl, Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1567.2. D1567.2. Saint’s tears produce fountain. (Cf. D1004.) Irish: Plummer cl, Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1567.3. D1567.3. Water poured from saint‘s bell produces fountain. (Cf. D1242.1.) Irish: Plummer cl.

D1567.4. D1567.4. Saint’s bachall produces fountain. (Cf. D1277.) *Loomis White Magic 37; Irish: Plummer cl, *Cross.

D1567.5. D1567.5. Saint‘s crozier produces fountain. (Cf. D1277.1.) Irish: Plummer cl, *Cross.

D1567.6. D1567.6. Stroke of staff brings water from rock. (Cf. D927.1, D1254.) *Saintyves Essais 139ff; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1567.7. D1567.7. Fountain produced from drop of water. (Cf. D1242.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1567.8. D1567.8. Sign of cross brings water from rock. (Cf. D1766.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1567.9. D1567.9. Ring brings forth water from dry soil. (Cf. D1076.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1571. D1571. Magic object revivifies trees.

D1571.1. D1571.1. Magic ashes revivify trees. (Cf. D1271.1.) Japanese: Mitford 182.

D1571.2. D1571.2. Presence of a person revivifies trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1571.3. D1571.3. Reading from a book makes fallen tree stand up. Chinese: Graham.

D1572. D1572. Magic smoke carries power of saint. (Cf. D1271, V220.) Irish: Plummer clxvi, Cross.

D1573. D1573. Charms to make butter come. (Cf. D1273, D2084.2.5.) Kittredge Witchcraft 169, 487f. nn. 46, 47; Irish myth: Cross; England, Scotland: *Baughman.

D1573.1. D1573.1. Much butter made from little milk by power of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1574. D1574. Line drawn by saint’s bachall separates calves from their mothers. (Cf. D1272.1, D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross.

D1575. D1575. Magic object does not awaken sleepers.

D1575.1. D1575.1. Hand-of-glory does not awaken sleepers. The hand is lighted as a candle. See references for D1162.2.1.

D1576. D1576. Magic object causes tree to spring up.

D1576.1. D1576.1. Magic song causes tree to rise to sky. Has moon and Great Bear in its branches. (Cf. D1275.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 10.

D1577. D1577. Charm renders magic efficacious.

D1577.1. D1577.1. Charm renders medicinal herbs efficacious. (Cf. D1273, D1500.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 31f., 386, 388, nn. *71, 90; England: Baughman.

D1577.2. D1577.2. Charm renders amulet efficacious. (Cf. D1070, D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 386f. n. 72; England: Baughman.

D1581. D1581. Tasks performed by use of magic object. *Types 576, 577; Christiansen 87; Chinese: Graham.

D1582. D1582. Climbing into air on magic rope. (Cf. D1203.) *BP II 539.

D1583. D1583. Magic carving knife serves twenty-four men at meat simultaneously. (Cf. D1173.) English: Child I 266.

D1584. D1584. Magic object induces dreams.

D1584.1. D1584.1. Charm induces dreams. Penzer VI 76ff.

D1585. D1585. Magic object saves corpse from corruption.

D1585.1. D1585.1. Magic pill saves corpse from corruption. (Cf. D1243.) Chinese: Werner 266.

D1585.2. D1585.2. Magic plant saves cut-off limbs from corruption. (Cf. D965.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1586. D1586. Magic object relieves from plague. Irish myth: Cross.

D1586.1. D1586.1. Magic image of animal relieves from plague (of that animal). (Cf. D1266.2, D1500.2.3.) Liebrecht Germania X (1865) 408, Zur Volkskunde 85 No. 9, 88 No. 2.--Hebrew: I Samuel 6:4--5, *Neuman.

D1586.2. D1586.2. Prayer to Virgin protects against plague. (Cf. V250.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1586.3. D1586.3. Incense relieves from plague. Jewish: Neuman.

D1587. D1587. Magic object expels person from land.

D1587.1. D1587.1. Magic amulet expels person from land. (Cf. D1070.) Africa (Hausa): Mischlich 179ff. No. 24.

D1588. D1588. Magic object assures going to heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

D1588.1. D1588.1. Magic brain assures heaven for man who dies upon it. (Cf. D997.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1588.2. D1588.2. Magic cowhide assures heaven for man who dies upon it. (Cf. D1025.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1588.3. D1588.3. Magic hymn assures heaven for person who sings it. (Cf. D1275.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1591. D1591. Magic spell causes vessel to burst. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1592. D1592. Magic object heats or cools water. (Cf. D1382.)

D1592.1. D1592.1. Magic ring cools boiling water. (Cf. D1076.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594. D1594. Magic object vitalizes. (Cf. D445.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.0.1. D1594.0.1. Liver of deer vitalizes. (Cf. D1015.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.0.2. D1594.0.2. Vivification by hitting with bone. (Cf. D1013.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.1. D1594.1. Magic dust vitalizes seeds and they become insects. (Cf. D935.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.2. D1594.2. God‘s blood vitalizes image. (Cf. D1003.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.3. D1594.3. Bee in its belly vitalizes tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.4. D1594.4. Blood of twelve buffaloes vitalizes tiger. (Cf. D1016.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.5. D1594.5. Girl’s blood vitalizes axe and it becomes a tiger. (Cf. D444.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1594.6. D1594.6. Magic whistle gives life to cockroach. (Cf. D1225.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1595. D1595. Magic object provides beautiful bride for hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1595.1. D1595.1. Image of love grants man wife. (Cf. D1268.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1599. D1599. Magic object performs services--miscellaneous.

D1599.1. D1599.1. Pillars dance when ogre plays guitar. (Cf. D1234.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1599.2. D1599.2. Air made fragrant with odors of flowers by spell. (Cf. D1273.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1599.3. D1599.3. Magic object multiplies objects. (Cf. D2106.)

D1599.3.1. D1599.3.1. Magic egg multiplies objects. (Cf. D1024.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 104f.

D1599.4. D1599.4. Magic object produces house.

D1599.4.1. D1599.4.1. Magic egg produces house. (Cf. D1024.) Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Fable 66.

D1599.5. D1599.5. Magic charm uproots mandrake. (Cf. D1273.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1599.6. D1599.6. Magic dew destroys enemy‘s books. (Cf. D902.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1600--D1699.

D1600--D1699. Characteristics of magic objects.

D1600--D1649.

D1600--D1649. AUTOMATIC MAGIC OBJECTS

D1600. D1600. Automatic object.

D1601. D1601. Object labors automatically. Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross.

D1601.1. D1601.1. Magic calabash cooks and cares for child. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 27.

D1601.2. D1601.2. Self-growing and self-gathering corn. (Cf. D965.8.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1601.3. D1601.3. Magic hat works independently. (Cf. D1067.1.) Lkuсgen: Hill-Tout JAI XXXVII 342.

D1601.4. D1601.4. Automatic weapon. (Cf. D1081.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.4.1. D1601.4.1. Automatic sword. (Cf. D1081, D1400.1.4.) MacCulloch Childhood 202; Icelandic: Boberg; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 354.

D1601.4.2. D1601.4.2. Automatic spear. (Cf. D1084, D1400.1.7.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.4.2.1. D1601.4.2.1. Spear rushes out of joking raja’s hand and pierces his visitor‘s chest; it is hungry for blood and has had no food for twelve years. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.5. D1601.5. Automatic cudgel. (Cf. D1094.) *Type 563; BP I 349ff.; Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96 passim; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.5.1. D1601.5.1. Stick turns into automatic magic sword. (Cf. D1081.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.5.2. D1601.5.2. Automatic hammer kills enemy. (Cf. D1209.4.) Africa (Fang): Trilles Proverbes 202.

D1601.6. D1601.6. Oven heats without fire. (Cf. D1161, D1649.5.) Fb “ovn” II 774a.

D1601.7. D1601.7. Lamp (fire) lights itself. (Cf. D1162, D1275, D1781.) Zs. f. Vksk. VI 70 (to Gonzenbach No. 28); Crane Italian Popular Tales No. 30; India: *Thompson-Balys, Tawney I 567; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 45.

D1601.8. D1601.8. Razor whets itself. (Cf. D1173.1) Africa (Angola): Chatelain 45.

D1601.9. D1601.9. Household articles act at command. (Cf. D1170.) Penzer IV 248.

D1601.9.1. D1601.9.1. Automatic broom. (Cf. D1209.8.) German: Grimm No. 42.

D1601.10. D1601.10. Self-cooking vessel. (Cf. D1171.) Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 196.

D1601.10.1. D1601.10.1. Self-cooking pot. (Cf. D1171.1.) *Type 565; BP II 438; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 33.

D1601.10.2. D1601.10.2. Magic cauldron boils a year. (Cf. D1171.2.) Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 110.

D1601.10.2.1. D1601.10.2.1. Magic cauldron boils only enough of its contents to satisfy immediate need. (Cf. D1171.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1601.10.3. D1601.10.3. Self-boiling kettle. (Cf. D1171.3.) *Fb “gryde”; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 257; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 118, 448, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 171.

D1601.11. D1601.11. Self-sewing needle. (Cf. D1181.) Fb “synеl” III 710b; Kцhler-Bolte I 187.

D1601.12. D1601.12. Self-cutting shears. (Cf. D1183.) Fb “saks” III 143a; Kцhler-Bolte I 187.--Africa (Angola): Chatelain 45.

D1601.12.1. D1601.12.1. Magic shears clip garments from air. Fb “saks” III 143a.

D1601.13. D1601.13. Self-tying thread. (Cf. D1184.) Kцhler-Bolte I 187.

D1601.13.1. D1601.13.1. Self-weaving threads. (Cf. D1184.) Africa (Bambara): Travйlй 205ff. No. 65.

D1601.13.2. D1601.13.2. Self-fastening line. (Cf. D1272.1.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 216.

D1601.14. D1601.14. Self-chopping axe. (Cf. D1206.) Fb “шkse” III 1171b, “redskab” III 30a; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.14.1. D1601.14.1. Magic axe cuts thousands of trees at a single blow. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.14.2. D1601.14.2. Magic adze cuts down tree. Marquesas: Handy 70.

D1601.14.3. D1601.14.3. Magic axe cuts off enemy’s head. (Cf. D1080, D1402.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 65f., 75.

D1601.15. D1601.15. Automatic shovel. (Cf. D1205.) Fb “redskab” III 30a, “skovl” III 301b.

D1601.16. D1601.16. Self-digging spade. (Cf. D1205.1.) Fb “redskab” III 30a.--S.A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 3.

D1601.16.1. D1601.16.1. Self-digging hoe. (Cf. D1204.) Africa (Hausa): Rattray I 74ff. No. 4, Best Black Folk Tales (New York, 1928) 23ff.; Chinese: Graham.

D1601.17. D1601.17. Automatic whip. (Cf. D1208.) Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 11, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 52.

D1601.18. D1601.18. Self-playing musical instruments. (Cf. D1210.) Irish myth: *Cross; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 176 No. 25.

D1601.18.0.1. D1601.18.0.1. Magic musical instrument reproduces songs sung in heaven. (Cf. D1210.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.18.1. D1601.18.1. Self-ringing bell. (Cf. D1213.) Fb “kirkeklokke”; *Thompson CColl II 348, 358, 363.--English: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne), Child I 173, 231, III 235, 244, 519f.; Irish myth: *Cross; U.S.: Baughman.

D1601.18.1.1. D1601.18.1.1. Cleric‘s tongueless bell rings. Irish myth: Cross.

D1601.18.1.2. D1601.18.1.2. Sounding bell silenced by a gesture by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 53.

D1601.18.2. D1601.18.2. Self-playing violin. (Cf. D1233.) Type 577; Christiansen 87; Fb “spille” III 488a; *Loomis White Magic 52.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “violon”; Jewish: Neuman.

D1601.18.3. D1601.18.3. Self-beating drum. (Cf. 1211.) Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 70; Africa (Fang): Trilles 249.

D1601.19. D1601.19. Fetish-medicine automatically punishes. (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Fang): Nassau 243 No. 9.

D1601.20. D1601.20. Self-grinding millstone. (Cf. D1262.) Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 81 No. 13.

D1601.21. D1601.21. Self-grinding mill. Grinds whatever owner wishes. (Cf. D1263, D1470.) Gering Festschrift fьr Eugen Mogk (1925) 37; Fb “kvжrn” II 345b; Irish myth: *Cross (D1601.27).

D1601.21.1. D1601.21.1. Self-grinding salt-mill. (Cf. D1263.) *Type 565; *BP II 439; Fb “kvжrn” II 345b, “salt” III 148b, “hav” I 565b; *Krappe Modern Language Review XIX (1924) 325--334.

D1601.22. D1601.22. Fetish clears forest. (Cf. D1274.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 187 No. 24 version 2.

D1601.23. D1601.23. Ale serves itself. (Cf. D1045.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1601.24. D1601.24. Automatic fire tongs. Scotland: Campbell-McKay No. 22.

D1601.25. D1601.25. Self-cooking food.

D1601.25.1. D1601.25.1. Self-cooking fowls. (Cf. D1032.) Africa (Hausa): Tremearne Hausa Superstitions and Customs (London, 1913) 424ff. No. 93.

D1601.25.2. D1601.25.2. Self-cooking fish. (Cf. D1032.1.) German: Grimm No. 42.

D1601.26. D1601.26. Self-pouring horn. (Cf. D1171.6.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1601.27. D1601.27. Magic thorns make road through marsh. (Cf. D976.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.28. D1601.28. Self-rocking chair. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 640.

D1601.29. D1601.29. Self-playing game-board. (Cf. D1209.7.*) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1601.30. D1601.30. Automatic arrows. (Cf. D1092.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1601.31. D1601.31. Magic towel wipes person. (Cf. D1051.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1601.32. D1601.32. Letter delivers self. (Cf. D1266.)

D1601.32.1. D1601.32.1. Letter from captive prince asking for help flies through the air to addressee. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.33. D1601.33. Chariot collects flowers by itself. (Cf. D1114.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.34. D1601.34. Self-serving spoon. (Cf. D1177.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1601.35. D1601.35. Magic water bottle brings water. (Cf. D1171.8.) Tonga: Gifford 178.

D1601.36. D1601.36. Self-going shoes. (Cf. D1065.2.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 230.

D1601.37. D1601.37. Self-opening door. (Cf. D1146.) Africa (Fang): Trilles 249.

D1602. D1602. Self-returning magic object. (Cf. D868.1.) *Plummer clxxxvi; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1602.1. D1602.1. Stones, being removed, return to their places. (Cf. D931, D1401.5.) Irish: Plummer clvii, *Cross; England, Ireland: *Baughman.

D1602.2. D1602.2. Felled tree raises itself again. (Cf. D950.) Type 577; Christiansen 87.--India: Thompson-Balys; Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 252, 269; Maori: ibid. 265; Quichй: Alexander Lat. Am. 172. Cf. Zulu: Callaway 146.

D1602.2.1. D1602.2.1. Fallen trees upraised at saint’s request. *Loomis White Magic 49; Plummer cliii, *Cross.

D1602.2.2. D1602.2.2. Chips from tree return to their places as cut. (Cf. D950.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1602.3. D1602.3. Self-returning robe. (Cf. D1052.) Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 303 n. 109; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 277, Holm 94, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 40.

D1602.4. D1602.4. Self-returning moccasins. (Cf. D1005.4.) N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 303 n. 109i.

D1602.5. D1602.5. Self-returning bangle. (Cf. D1075.) Africa (Vai): Ellis 235 No. 36.

D1602.6. D1602.6. Self-returning spear. (Cf. D1084.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Gaster Thespis 158; Hindu: Keith 140; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 138.

D1602.6.1. D1602.6.1. Self-returning spear-head. (Cf. D1084.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 198f.

D1602.7. D1602.7. Self-returning wheel. (Cf. D1207.) Cherokee: Mooney JAFL I 103.

D1602.8. D1602.8. Saint‘s bell when stolen miraculously returns. (Cf. D1213.) Irish: Plummer clxxvii, Cross.

D1602.8.0.1. D1602.8.0.1. Self-returning bell. (Cf. D1213.) *Loomis White Magic 53; Irish myth: Cross.

D1602.8.1. D1602.8.1. Stolen bell refuses to make a sound. *Loomis White Magic 53.

D1602.9. D1602.9. Saint’s bachall when lost returns. (Cf. D1277.) Irish: Plummer clxxv, Cross.

D1602.10. D1602.10. Self-returning magic book. (Cf. D1266.) *Fb “Cyprianus” I 166b; Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1900) 97ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

D1602.11. D1602.11. Self-returning magic coin. Keeps coming back. (Cf. D1288.) *Type 745; *Fb “vekseldaler”; *Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 89; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 38, Beal XXI 314; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3650.

D1602.12. D1602.12. Self-returning head. When head is cut off it returns to proper place without harm to owner. (Cf. D992.) *Kittredge Gawain 147ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1602.12.1. D1602.12.1. Self-returning body. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1602.13. D1602.13. Self-returning cruet. (Cf. D1171.8.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1602.14. D1602.14. Self-returning magic apple. (Cf. D981.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1602.15. D1602.15. Self-returning hammer. (Cf. D1209.4.) Icelandic: Boberg (Mjцllnir).

D1602.16. D1602.16. Arrow shot at bull returns to shooter. (Cf. D1092.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1602.17. D1602.17. Magic object when sold always returns to original owner. (Cf. D1605, D1602.11.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1602.17.1. D1602.17.1. Magic ring when sold returns to original owner. (Cf. D1076.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1602.18. D1602.18. Magic object given away returns to giver. S. A. Indian: Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 178.

D1602.19. D1602.19. Equipment of slain hunter returns alone. (Cf. D1170.) Eskimo Greenland): Rink 262, Rasmussen I 131.

D1605. D1605. Magic thieving object. Steals for master. (Cf. D1602.17.)

D1605.1. D1605.1. Magic thieving pot. Boy sells pot to neighbors and when they have put things into it the pot returns to the boy. (Cf. D1171.1.) Type 591.

D1605.2. D1605.2. Magic bag sucks milk from cows. It is commanded by a witch. (Cf. D1193, D2083.3.) Kittredge Witchcraft 165, 483 nn. 14--16.--England: Baughman.

D1605.3. D1605.3. Magic thieving glove. (Cf. D1066.) Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 95, Rasmussen I 103.

D1606. D1606. Magic objects automatically keep out of reach. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 264, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 622, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 183.

D1609. D1609. Automatic magic objects--miscellaneous.

D1609.1. D1609.1. Drum flies about room. (Cf. D1211.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 451, Rasmussen I 100.

D1609.2. D1609.2. Self-generated flame. (Cf. D1276.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 502.

D1610. D1610. Magic speaking objects. *Gьnter 242 s.v. “redend”; *Fb “tale” III 766a; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 269 No. 81; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 326 No. 111; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 97, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 313.

D1610.0.1. D1610.0.1. Magic powder makes objects speak what owner wants them to. (Cf. D1246.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.1. D1610.1. Speaking sink-hole. (Cf. D933.) Fb “grшft”.

D1610.2. D1610.2. Speaking tree. (Cf. D950, D1317.20.) Kцhler Aufsдtze 19ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1610.2.0.1. D1610.2.0.1. Tree asks to be shaken. Fb “trж” III 867b, and references in D1658.1.5.

D1610.2.1. D1610.2.1. Speaking oak. (Cf. D950.2.) Greek: Fox 109 (oak at Dodona).

D1610.2.2. D1610.2.2. Speaking bush. (Cf. D964.) Moreno Esdras.

D1610.3. D1610.3. Speaking plant. (Cf. D965, F815.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.3.1. D1610.3.1. Speaking gourd. (Cf. D965.2.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 213 No. 33.

D1610.3.2. D1610.3.2. Speaking bean. (Cf. D983.1.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fиve”.

D1610.3.3. D1610.3.3. Speaking pouka-herb. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.3.4. D1610.3.4. Speaking egg-plant. (Cf. D983.5.) Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 226.

D1610.4. D1610.4. Speaking flower. (Cf. D975.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.4.1. D1610.4.1. Speaking lotus flower. (Cf. D975.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.5. D1610.5. Speaking head. (Cf. D992.) *Kittredge Gawain 177ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “tкte”; Icelandic: *Boberg (Mimir); Irish myth: *Cross; German: Grimm No. 42; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1610.5.1. D1610.5.1. Magic speaking tongue. Irish myth: Cross.

D1610.6. D1610.6. Speaking privates. Man given advice by his private parts. (Cf. D998.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 83a, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 84.

D1610.6.1. D1610.6.1. Speaking vulva. Man has power to make vulvas speak. This is used as a chastity test. *Taylor MLN XXXI (1916) 249 n. 2; Von der Hagen III *v, 17; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1610.6.2. D1610.6.2. Mentula loquens. A man‘s member speaks and can be silenced only by his mother-in-law. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 83b.

D1610.6.3. D1610.6.3. Speaking buttocks. (Cf. D999, D1317.1.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 83.

D1610.6.4. D1610.6.4. Speaking excrements. (Cf. D1022, D1026.) S. A. Indian (Mataco, Amazon, Guiana, Tembй): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 122; Africa (Nigeria): Herskovits JAFL XLIV 466 No. 7. See also many references to D1611.

D1610.7. D1610.7. Speaking loin of goat meat. (Cf. D1032.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 227 No. 34.

D1610.8. D1610.8. Speaking ring. (Cf. D1076.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”; English Romance: Bevis of Hampton, line 2320.

D1610.9. D1610.9. Speaking weapon. (Cf. D1080.)

D1610.9.1. D1610.9.1. Speaking sword. (Cf. D1081.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1610.9.1.1. D1610.9.1.1. Sword shrieks when it feels the bone. Icelandic: Hrolfs saga Kraka 100, Boberg.

D1610.9.2. D1610.9.2. Speaking arrow. (Cf. D1092.) Hawaii: Dixon 75.

D1610.9.3. D1610.9.3. Speaking spear. (Cf. D1084.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 102.

D1610.10. D1610.10. Speaking fruit. (Cf. D981.)

D1610.10.1. D1610.10.1. Speaking grapes. (Cf. D981.8.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1610.10.2. D1610.10.2. Speaking bananas. (Cf. D981.13.) Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 375.

D1610.10.3. D1610.10.3. Speaking fig. (Cf. D981.5.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1610.11. D1610.11. Speaking ship. (Cf. D1123.) Fb “skib” III 243a; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4; English: Child IV 376--80, V 275f.; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 33, Beal XXI 311.

D1610.12. D1610.12. Speaking stove. (Cf. D1161.) Fb “ovn” II 774a.

D1610.13. D1610.13. Speaking dish. (Cf. D1172.) English: Child I 126.

D1610.13.1. D1610.13.1. Speaking kettle. (Cf. D1171.3.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 75.

D1610.13.2. D1610.13.2. Speaking jar. (Cf. D1171.7.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 192.

D1610.14. D1610.14. Speaking implement.

D1610.14.1. D1610.14.1. Speaking hoe. (Cf. D1204.) Africa (Zulu): Callaway 363.

D1610.14.2. D1610.14.2. Speaking axe. (Cf. D1206.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1610.14.3. D1610.14.3. Speaking hammer. (Cf. D1209.4.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1610.15. D1610.15. Speaking bell. (Cf. D1213.)

D1610.15.1. D1610.15.1. Church bell speaks. (Cf. V115.) Fb “kirkeklokke” II 130a; *Sartori Das Buch von deutschen Glocken (Berlin, 1932).

D1610.15.2. D1610.15.2. Saint‘s bell speaks. Irish: Plummer clxxvi, Cross.

D1610.16. D1610.16. Blood speaks. (Cf. D1003, D1318.5.) *Chauvin V 13 No. 8.

D1610.16.1. D1610.16.1. Speaking blood drops. (Cf. D1003.) German: Grimm Nos. 56, 89.

D1610.17. D1610.17. Speaking bed. (Cf. D1154.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.17.1. D1610.17.1. Legs of bedstead talk. (Cf. D1154.1.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1610.18. D1610.18. Speaking rock (stone). (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D1610.19. D1610.19. Earth speaks. (Cf. D935, D1318.16.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1610.19.1. D1610.19.1. Speaking island. (Cf. D936.) Marquesas: Handy 128.

D1610.20. D1610.20. Speaking crozier. (Cf. D1277.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1610.21. D1610.21. Speaking image. (Cf. D1266.)

D1610.21.1. D1610.21.1. Image of the Virgin Mary speaks. (Cf. V250.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1610.21.2. D1610.21.2. Speaking idol. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.22. D1610.22. Speaking nut. (Cf. D985.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1610.23. D1610.23. Speaking muirlan (ball). (Cf. D1256.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1610.24. D1610.24. Speaking armor. (Cf. D1101.)

D1610.24.1. D1610.24.1. Magic shield roars. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1610.24.2. D1610.24.2. Helmet shrieks. (Cf. D1101.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1610.25. D1610.25. Magic drinking horn with a man’s head speaks. (Cf. D1171.6.3.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1610.26. D1610.26. Speaking clothes. (Cf. D1050.)

D1610.26.1. D1610.26.1. Speaking cloak. (Cf. D1053.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1610.26.2. D1610.26.2. Speaking hat. (Cf. D1067.1.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 48.

D1610.27. D1610.27. Speaking jewel. (Cf. D1071.)

D1610.27.1. D1610.27.1. Speaking necklace. (Cf. D1073.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.27.2. D1610.27.2. Voice issues from ruby. (Cf. D1071.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.27.3. D1610.27.3. Diamond speaks from inside statue. (Cf. D1071.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1610.28. D1610.28. Speaking ball of thread. (Cf. D1256.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.29. D1610.29. Speaking eggs. (Cf. D1024.) India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 84.

D1610.30. D1610.30. Speaking timber. (Cf. D956.) Greek: Grote I 214, 229; Jewish: Neuman.

D1610.30.1. D1610.30.1. Speaking house-post. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/276).

D1610.31. D1610.31. Speaking food. (Cf. D1030.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.31.1. D1610.31.1. Speaking porridge. (Cf. D1033.) Chinese: Graham.

D1610.31.2. D1610.31.2. Speaking bread. (Cf. 1031.1.) German: Grimm No. 24.

D1610.32. D1610.32. Transformed bird reveals its identity by speaking out. (Cf. D150.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.33. D1610.33. Speaking cliffs (Cf. D938, D932.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.34. D1610.34. Speaking musical instrument. (Cf. D1210.)

D1610.34.1. D1610.34.1. Fiddle made from wood secret has been confided to reveals it. (Cf. D1233.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.34.2. D1610.34.2. Speaking flute. (Cf. D1223.1.) Philippine: Cole 152.

D1610.34.3. D1610.34.3. Speaking Jew‘s harp. (Cf. D1239.) Philippine: Cole 163.

D1610.35. D1610.35. Speaking river. (Cf. D915.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1610.36. D1610.36. Speaking water. (Cf. D1242.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1611. D1611. Magic object answers for fugitive. Left behind to impersonate fugitive and delay pursuit. *Type 313; *Aarne Die Magische Flucht (FFC XCIII); *BP II 527; *Fb “spytte” III 515a; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesian: Dixon 85 n. *91, 225 n. 32; Melanesian, Maori: ibid. 85 n. 91; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 331 n. 196.

D1611.1. D1611.1. Magic rosebush answers for fugitives. (Cf. D965.3.) BP II 527.

D1611.2. D1611.2. Magic hair answers for fugitive. (Cf. D991.) *BP II 527; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 129ff.

D1611.3. D1611.3. Magic cow-dung answers for fugitive. (Cf. D1026.2.) BP II 527.

D1611.4. D1611.4. Magic beans answer for fugitive. (Cf. D983.1.) BP II 527.

D1611.5. D1611.5. Magic spittle impersonates fugitives. (Cf. D1001.) *BP II 527; *Fb “spytte” III 515a.--Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 263 No. 67; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 331 n. 196a.

D1611.6. D1611.6. Magic blood-drops impersonate fugitive. (Cf. D1003.) Fb “blod” IV 47b.

D1611.7. D1611.7. Magic clothes answer for fugitive. (Cf. D1050.) BP II 527; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 12.

D1611.8. D1611.8. Magic cakes answer for fugitive. (Cf. D1031.2.) BP II 527.

D1611.9. D1611.9. Magic household articles answer for fugitive. (Cf. D1170.) BP II 527.

D1611.10. D1611.10. Magic awl answers for fugitive. (Cf. D1187.) BP II 527.

D1611.11. D1611.11. Magic doll answers for fugitive. (Cf. D1268.) BP II 527; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 33.

D1611.12. D1611.12. Magic stick of wood answers for fugitive. (Cf. D1254.) BP 527.

D1611.12.1. D1611.12.1. Magic log answers for fugitive. (Cf. D956.) Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 206.

D1611.13. D1611.13. Magic louse answers for fugitive. Indonesian: Dixon 229.

B100--B199. Magic animals.

D1611.14. D1611.14. Magic apple answers for fugitives. (Cf. D981.1.) MacCulloch Childhood 193; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s. v. “Apfel” n. 23.

D1611.15. D1611.15. Magic echo answers for fugitive. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 92.

D1611.16. D1611.16. Magic writings on stone cause corpse to answer for absent man. (Cf. D1266.1.) Icelandic: FSS 38, Boberg.

D1611.17. D1611.17. Magic bone answers for fugitive. (Cf. D1007.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1611.18. D1611.18. Magic buckle answers for fugitive. (Cf. D1070.) Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 318.

D1612. D1612. Tell-tale magic objects.

D1612.1. D1612.1. Magic objects betray fugitive. Give alarm when fugitive escapes. Wesselski Theorie 34; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 331 n. 196b.

D1612.1.1. D1612.1.1. Horns call out when girl tries to escape. (Cf. D1011.1.) Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 160 No. 23.

D1612.1.2. D1612.1.2. Banana tree tells who cut its branches. (Cf. D950.) Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnologie 364.

D1612.1.3. D1612.1.3. Fetish betrays fugitive. (Cf. D1241.) Africa (Fang): Trilles 160.

D1612.2. D1612.2. Magic object compels fugitive to betray himself.

D1612.2.1. D1612.2.1. Magic ring compels would-be fugitive to keep calling out, “Here I am”. (Cf. D1076.) BP III 372.

D1612.3. D1612.3. Hiding place speaks and betrays hider. *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 247 No. 23.

D1612.4. D1612.4. Magic object tells where it is hidden. MacCulloch Childhood 195f.

D1612.4.1. D1612.4.1. Magic cloth tells where it is hidden. (Cf. D1051.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 226.

D1612.5. D1612.5. Magic object raises alarm when stolen. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1612.5.1. D1612.5.1. Magic shirt tells owner when it is stolen. (Cf. D1056.) *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 241 No. 15.

D1612.5.2. D1612.5.2. Magic harp gives alarm when it is stolen. (Cf. D1231.) Japanese: Anesaki 229.

D1612.6. D1612.6. Magic object gives alarm when touched.

D1612.6.1. D1612.6.1. Singing tree when touched wakes master. (Cf. D950, D1615.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1612.6.2. D1612.6.2. Arrows shake when master is disturbed. (Cf. D1092.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 105.

D1613. D1613. Magic object helps overawe captor.

D1613.1. D1613.1. Magic fish talk so that ogre thinks hero has many brothers with him. (Cf. B175.) German New Guinea: Dixon 134.

D1615. D1615. Magic singing object.

D1615.1. D1615.1. Singing tree. (Cf. D950.) *Type 707; *BP II 380ff.; Fb “trж” III 867a; Chauvin VII 98 No. 375; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 120, *Cross.

D1615.2. D1615.2. Magic musical branch. (Cf. D954, F811.6.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 114f., *Cross.

D1615.3. D1615.3. Singing apple. (Cf. D981.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 143; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pomme”.

D1615.4. D1615.4. Singing water. (Cf. D1242.1.) *Type 707; *BP II 380; Kцhler-Bolte I 118; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1615.5. D1615.5. Singing snowshoes. (Cf. D1065.3.) Menomini: Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

D1615.6. D1615.6. Singing rice-pot. (Cf. D1171.1.) Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 348.

D1615.7. D1615.7. Singing head. (Cf. D992.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1615.8. D1615.8. Headless body sings. Irish myth: Cross.

D1615.9. D1615.9. Singing heavens and earth. Jewish: Neuman.

D1617. D1617. Magic laughing object.

D1617.1. D1617.1. Magic laughing stone. (Cf. D930.) Chinese: Graham.

D1618. D1618. Magic weeping object.

D1618.1. D1618.1. Magic weeping waters. (Cf. D910.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1618.2. D1618.2. Magic weeping stone. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1618.3. D1618.3. Magic weeping altar. (Cf. D1166.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1618.4. D1618.4. Weapons weep as warning to master. (Cf. D1080.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 43.

D1619. D1619. Miscellaneous speaking objects.

D1619.1. D1619.1. Speaking beans rebuke wife for misdeed. (Cf. D983.1.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 124 No. 1374A.

D1619.2. D1619.2. Eaten object speaks from inside person’s body.

D1619.2.1. D1619.2.1. Eaten magic dog howls from eater‘s belly. *Wesselski Theorie 34f; New Zealand: Dixon 86.

D1619.2.2. D1619.2.2. Eaten goat bleats from eater’s stomach. (Cf. D1032.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1619.3. D1619.3. Fruits that laugh or cry. Chauvin VII 56 No. 77.

D1620. D1620. Magic automata. Statues or images that act as if alive. (Cf. D1523.2.8.) **A. Chapuis and Ed. Gйlis Le monde des automates (2 vols. Paris 1928); *E. Faral Recherches sur les sources latines des contes et romans courtois du moyen age (Paris, 1913) 328ff.; *M Hallauer Das wunderbare Element in den Chansons de Geste (Basel diss., 1918); *Dickson 193 n. 75, 197 n. 80; *Baum PMLA XXXIV 533; *Liebrecht 88; **Bruce Human Automata in Classical Tradition and Mediaeval Romance (MPh X 511); *Penzer III 56ff., 212 n. 1, IX 9 n., 149; *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 436 n. 41; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1620.0.1. D1620.0.1. Automatic doll. (Cf. D1268.) BP II 527.--Hindu: Tawney I 257.

D1620.0.1.1. D1620.0.1.1. Automatic gold-spinning doll. Italian: Basile introduction.

D1620.0.1.2. D1620.0.1.2. Automatic singing doll. (Cf. D1615.) Italian: Basile introduction.

D1620.1. D1620.1. Automatic statue of man. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 230f.

D1620.1.1. D1620.1.1. Automatic statue of trumpeter. Jones PMLA XXIII 563.

D1620.1.2. D1620.1.2. Automatic statue of horseman. Chauvin V 200 No. 117.

D1620.1.3. D1620.1.3. Smith forges iron man, who helps him. Fb “jжrn” IV 249b.

D1620.1.4. D1620.1.4. Statue of Virgin sews for suppliant. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 100 No. 849B.

D1620.1.5. D1620.1.5. Magic statue of archer.

D1620.1.5.1. D1620.1.5.1. Magic statue of archer put into action my picking up precious object from ground. Oesterley No. 107.

D1620.1.6. D1620.1.6. Magic statue of man labors for owner. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 236.

D1620.1.6.1. D1620.1.6.1. Magic statue of man fights for master. Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 428.

D1620.1.7. D1620.1.7. Speaking statue of man. (Cf. D1610.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1620.2. D1620.2. Automatic statue of animal. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1620.2.1. D1620.2.1. Automatic statue of horse. (Cf. D1626.1.) Chauvin V 200 No. 117; Jones PMLA XXIII 563; *Kцhler-Bolte I 412.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1620.2.2. D1620.2.2. Automatic hen and chickens of gold. Jones PMLA XXIII 563.--Italian: Basile introduction.

D1620.2.2.1. D1620.2.2.1. Silver cock, sitting on a flower, crows. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1620.2.3. D1620.2.3. Deer of gold and jewels possessing life. Penzer IX 9 n. 1, 28ff.

D1620.2.3.1. D1620.2.3.1. Magic journey on back of flying golden deer. (Cf. D1520.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1620.2.4. D1620.2.4. Automatic statue of lion. Jewish: Gaster Exempla 209 No. 115, Neuman.

D1620.2.5. D1620.2.5. Automatic figures on harp--birds, serpents, hounds. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1620.2.6. D1620.2.6. Automatic metal (jewel) fish. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1620.2.7. D1620.2.7. Plough of gold and yoke of gold and pair of bullocks used by hero tills as much land as lies within a village boundary in one day. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1620.2.8. D1620.2.8. Automatic statue of dog. Jewish: Neuman.

D1620.2.9. D1620.2.9. Automatic brazen serpent. Jewish: Neuman.

D1620.3. D1620.3. Other automatic constructions.

D1620.3.1. D1620.3.1. Two automatic giants fight until separated. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1620.3.2. D1620.3.2. Magic carpenter constructs bed and stool that can become big or small, luxurious or otherwise. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1621. D1621. Image renders judgments. *Chauvin VIII 191 No. 229.

D1622. D1622. Image indicates favor to suppliant. (Cf. D1639.3, V120.) *BP III 475.

D1622.1. D1622.1. Crucifix bows as sign of favor. Ward II 665 No. 24; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 692; Alphabet No. 495; Loomis White Magic 124; English: Wells 177 (A Legend of the Crucifix); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 100 No. 849A.

D1622.2. D1622.2. Image of Virgin bows to indicate favor. Herbert III *26, 340; Crane Vitry 263 No. 296.--English: Child I 365b.

D1622.3. D1622.3. Saint’s image lets golden shoe (ring) fall as sign of favor to suppliant. *Wesselski Erlesenes 64ff.; BP III 242.

D1623. D1623. Image dresses self. (Cf. D1268, V120.)

D1623.1. D1623.1. Image of Virgin veils and unveils itself. Ward II 616 No. 37; *Crane Miraculis 106 No. 43.

D1624. D1624. Image bleeds. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 459.

D1624.1. D1624.1. Image of Christ bleeds from thrown stone. *Ward II 630 No. 24, 671; *Herbert III 364 No. 159; *Loomis White Magic 123f.

D1624.2. D1624.2. Wounds of crucifix bleed. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1625. D1625. Statue weeps. *Loomis White Magic 124; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 329 No. 41.

D1625.1. D1625.1. Statue sheds tears of blood. (Cf. D1624.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1626. D1626. Image flies through air. Jewish: Neuman.

D1626.1. D1626.1. Artificial flying horse. (Cf. D1620.2.1.) *Jones PMLA XXIII 563; *Clouston Magical Elements in Squire‘s Tale (Chaucer Soc. Pub. 2d Ser. No. 26) 279ff. passim; Dickson 217; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1627. D1627. Dancing automata. (Cf. D1646.) *Liebrecht 90.

D1627.1. D1627.1. Instrument’s ornamental figures climb down and run about as harper plays. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1628. D1628. City populated by wooden automata. Penzer III 58f., 281ff.

D1631. D1631. Images of animals ridden (driven). Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 109 (Frey).

D1632. D1632. Images open and close eyes. *Saintyves Les rйliques et les images lйgendaires (Paris 1912) 84ff.; ibid. Les images qui ouvrent et ferment les yeux (Revue de psychothйrapie XXV 316--324).

D1633. D1633. Image eats or drinks.

D1633.1. D1633.1. Idol drinks up milk. (Cf. D1268.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1635. D1635. Golem. Automatic statue animated by insertion of written magic formula into an opening. *Penzer III 59; Jewish: Neuman.

D1639. D1639. Automata: other motifs.

D1639.1. D1639.1. Automata as door-keepers. Penzer IX 149; *Dickson 197 n. 84.

D1639.2. D1639.2. Image of Virgin saves painter. Stretches forth hand and keeps him from falling. Ward II 628 No. 17; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 162 No. 124; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1639.3. D1639.3. Images at church turn backs as mark of disfavor. Done when abandoned woman or merman enters. (Cf. B82, D1622.) English: Child I 231, 365a.

D1639.4. D1639.4. Statue laughs and reveals crime. *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 216; Penzer VII 211.

D1639.5. D1639.5. Calf of gold moves. Irish myth: Cross.

D1639.6. D1639.6. Carved image jumps at maker‘s command. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 262.

D1640. D1640. Other automatic objects.

D1641. D1641. Object removes itself. Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.1. D1641.1. Fountain (well) removes itself. (Cf. D925, D926, D927, D941.) Irish: Plummer cli, *Cross (D1641.1, D1641.13); Jewish: Neuman.

D1641.2. D1641.2. Stones remove themselves. (Cf. D931.) Fb “sten” III 553a; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 85, Beal XXI 328, *Cross; England: *Baughman; Jewish: Neuman.

D1641.2.1. D1641.2.1. Saint‘s flagstone follows him. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1641.2.2. D1641.2.2. Mountain moved by prayer so as to make room for church. (Cf. D932.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.2.3. D1641.2.3. Stone moves at cock-crow. (Cf. E452, N555.1.) England: *Baughman.

D1641.2.4. D1641.2.4. Stone moves at midnight. England: *Baughman.

D1641.2.5. D1641.2.5. Stones go down to stream to drink. England: Baughman.

D1641.3. D1641.3. Stove runs over hill. (Cf. D1161.) Fb “ovn” II 774a.

D1641.4. D1641.4. Forest cleared by magic. (Cf. D950.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1641.5. D1641.5. Muirlan (ball) removes itself. (Cf. D1256.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.6. D1641.6. Branch leaps from hand to hand. (Cf. D954.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.7. D1641.7. Severed head moves from place to place. (Cf. D992.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1641.7.1. D1641.7.1. Self-rolling head. Jewish: Neuman.

D1641.8. D1641.8. Grave removes itself. (Cf. D1299.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.9. D1641.9. Magic cross removes itself. (Cf. D1299.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.10. D1641.10. Magic fire removes itself. (Cf. D1271.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.11. D1641.11. Sacred scroll returns to heaven. (Cf. D1266.1, V151.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.11.1. D1641.11.1. Magic book removes itself. (Cf. D1266.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.12. D1641.12. Lake removes itself. (Cf. D921.) Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3605; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 75 No. 243; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 135 No. 89.

D1641.12.1. D1641.12.1. Lake is drunk dry. Irish myth: Cross.

D1641.13. D1641.13. Coffin moves itself. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 122.

D1641.14. D1641.14. Jewelry intended by groom for prospective bride strangely disappears and a slip of paper alone is left in box. (Cf. D1071.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1641.14.1. D1641.14.1. Ruby shatters into half-dozen pieces when it is acquired by greedy lapidary. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1641.15. D1641.15. Lotus disappears whenever anyone tries to pluck it. (Cf. D975.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1641.16. D1641.16. Bananas run and hide when stone is thrown at them. (Cf. D981.13.) Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 375.

D1642. D1642. Self-folding object.

D1642.1. D1642.1. Self-folding bridge prevents pursuit. (Cf. D1268.) Type 313.

D1643. D1643. Object travels by itself. (Cf. D1641.)

D1643.1. D1643.1. Stick of fire comes to river bank of itself. (Cf. D1271.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1643.2. D1643.2. Rock travels. (Cf. D931) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1643.3. D1643.3. Magic island moves about as owner wishes. (Cf. D936.) Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 467.

D1643.4. D1643.4. Magic pipe travels about. (Cf. D1224.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 540.

D1645. D1645. Self-luminous objects. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1645.1. D1645.1. Incandescent jewel. (Cf. D1071.) *Chauvin V 4 No. 443; *Penzer III 167; *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 434 n. 32; *Cosquin indiens 246ff.; Fb “edelsten”; *Boje 81; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 217, 375, Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 274.

D1645.2. D1645.2. Incandescent cup. (Cf. D1171.6.) Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 203 (Grail).

D1645.3. D1645.3. Magic castle shines from afar. (Cf. D1131, F771.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chвteau”; *Fb “slot” III 377a.

D1645.4. D1645.4. Incandescent sword. (Cf. D1081, D1645.8.4.) Malone PMLA XLIII 433; Irish myth: Cross.

D1645.5. D1645.5. Magic dazzling shield. (Cf. D1101.1.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508A*.

D1645.6. D1645.6. Self-luminous feather. (Cf. D1021.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum bewacht”.

D1645.7. D1645.7. Self-luminous artificial boar. (Cf. D1620.2.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 109.

D1645.8. D1645.8. Magic flaming arms. (Cf. D1080.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1645.8.1. D1645.8.1. Magic flaming spear. (Cf. D1084.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1645.8.1.1. D1645.8.1.1. Flaming spear must be cooled in noxious blood. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1645.8.2. D1645.8.2. Magic flaming shield. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1645.8.3. D1645.8.3. Magic flaming lance. (Cf. D1086, D1645.8.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1645.8.4. D1645.8.4. Magic flaming sword. (Cf. D1081, D1645.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1645.9. D1645.9. Well shines at night. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1645.10. D1645.10. Man‘s body emits light. Chinese: Graham.

D1645.11. D1645.11. Extraordinary flower; rays of golden light fall from it. (Cf. D975.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1646. D1646. Magic dancing object. (Cf. D1627.)

D1646.1. D1646.1. Dancing apple. (Cf. D981.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 118; cf. Type 707.

D1646.2. D1646.2. Dancing water. (Cf. D1242.1.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 143; cf. Type 707; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1646.3. D1646.3. Dancing kettle. (Cf. D1171.3.) Japanese: Mitford 175ff.

D1646.4. D1646.4. Dancing stones. (Cf. D931.) England, Wales: Baughman (D1641.2.5).

D1647. D1647. Fountain magically dries up. (Cf. D925.) Irish: Plummer cli, *Cross.

D1647.1. D1647.1. Water vanishes from water hole when man tries to drink. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 180.

D1648. D1648. Magic object bows before certain person.

D1648.1. D1648.1. Tree bends to certain person. (Cf. D950.) N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 391 No. 70; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 100.

D1648.1.1. D1648.1.1. Tree bends only to heroine. *Type 511; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1648.1.2. D1648.1.2. Tree (forest) bows down to holy person (saint). Dh II 30ff.; Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 108, Beal XXI 334; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1648.1.2.1. D1648.1.2.1. Tree bows to help Virgin Mary in childbirth. (Cf. V250.) *Dh II 10; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 1(a), Beal XXI 304.

D1648.1.2.2. D1648.1.2.2. Twig of a tree bows down and releases a bag with relics when the man makes a promise. *Loomis White Magic 129f.

D1648.2. D1648.2. Flower bends only to certain person. (Cf. D975.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1648.3. D1648.3. Stones prostrate themselves before certain persons. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1649. D1649. Miscellaneous automatic objects.

D1649.1. D1649.1. Magic object keeps falling down.

D1649.1.1. D1649.1.1. Magic elk’s head keeps falling down. (Cf. D1011.) N. A. Indian (Tillamook): Boas JAFL XI 135.

D1649.1.2. D1649.1.2. Magic birds keep falling off perch. *Type 313; Thompson River: Thompson CColl II 372.

D1649.2. D1649.2. Magic object comes at owner‘s call. (Cf. D1651.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1649.2.1. D1649.2.1. Harp comes at owner’s call. (Cf. D1231.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1649.3. D1649.3. Stones for heating water heated automatically in other world. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1649.4. D1649.4. Dung and wood burst into flames of their own accord. (Cf. D956, D1026.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1649.5. D1649.5. Magic crystals automatically heat for cooking. (Cf. D1601.6.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 972.

D1649.6. D1649.6. Objects rebel against their owners. American Indian (Maya, Andes, Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

D1649.7. D1649.7. Magic wood stick makes noise at night. (Cf. D956.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 151.

D1650. D1650. Other characteristics of magic objects.

D1651. D1651. Magic object obeys master alone. *Type 565; Penzer III 40.--Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 21, *Neuman; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand 34 No. 6 (Iroquois): Smith RBAE II 95, (Thompson River): Teit MAFLS VI 31, (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 264 No. 50.

D1651.1. D1651.1. Only master is able to bend bow. (Cf. D1091.) Greek: Fox 139 (Odysseus.)

D1651.1.1. D1651.1.1. Spear can be wielded by only one person. (Cf. D1084.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1651.2. D1651.2. Magic cudgel works only for master. (Cf. D1094.) *Type 563; *BP I 349ff.; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96 passim; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 9.

D1651.3. D1651.3. Magic cooking-pot obeys only master. (Cf. D1601.10.1, D1171.1.) *Type 565; *BP II 438ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *568.

D1651.4. D1651.4. Inexhaustible pitcher stops pouring only at owner‘s command. (Cf. D1171.4, D1652.) Penzer V 3 n. 1.

D1651.5. D1651.5. Dead beggar’s stick will not stay still until back in beggar‘s service. (Cf. D1254.) Fb “kjжp”.

D1651.6. D1651.6. Oracular image refuses information except to hero. (Cf. D1311.7.) Dickson 194.

D1651.7. D1651.7. Magic musical instrument plays only for owner. (Cf. D1210.) Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 176 No. 25.

D1651.7.1. D1651.7.1. Magic harp plays only for owner. (Cf. D1231.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1651.7.2. D1651.7.2. Magic wishing-drum works only for owner. (Cf. D1211.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 113 No. 11.

D1651.7.3. D1651.7.3. Magic flageolet stolen but loses its magic power. (Cf. D1224.1.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 75 No. 594*.

D1651.8. D1651.8. Door will open only for hero. (Cf. D1146.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1651.9. D1651.9. Bonds cannot be loosed save by man who tied them. Irish myth: Cross.

D1651.9.1. D1651.9.1. Bonds can be loosed only by comrades of man who tied them. Irish myth: Cross.

D1651.10. D1651.10. Apple (or ball) containing man‘s soul can be split only by man’s own sword. (Cf. D981.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1651.11. D1651.11. Stolen gun works only for master. (Cf. D838, D1096.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1651.12. D1651.12. Box can be opened only by right person. (Cf. D1170.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1651.13. D1651.13. Jewel responds to owner‘s voice. (Cf. D1070.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1651.14. D1651.14. Magic clock flies only at owner’s command. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 367.

D1652. D1652. Inexhaustible object. Keeps magically renewing itself or expanding. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “inйpuisables”.

D1652.0.1. D1652.0.1. Magic object causes thing to become inexhaustible. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 107.

D1652.1. D1652.1. Inexhaustible food. (Cf. D1030, and in general D1470--D1499.) Fb “tшnde” III 934b; Irish: *Cross, Plummer clxxxiv; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 315; Java: Dixon 209; Philippine: ibid. 221ff.; Melanesia: ibid. 224 n. 28; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 335 n. 210, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 70, 100.

D1652.1.0.1. D1652.1.0.1. Miraculous increasing of small quantity of victuals or drinks to feed a great number of people. *Loomis White Magic 86.

D1652.1.1. D1652.1.1. Inexhaustible bread. (Cf. D1031.1.) *Saintyves Йssais 231ff.; *Fb “brшd” IV 74b; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pain”; England: Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. Mark 6:41ff.

D1652.1.2. D1652.1.2. Cake magically increases. (Cf. D1031.2.) Type 751.

D1652.1.3. D1652.1.3. Inexhaustible grain. India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1652.1.3.1. D1652.1.3.1. Inexhaustible rice. Rice cooked from a single kernel. (Cf. D1033.1.) Chinese: Graham; Indonesian: DeVries‘ list No. 206.

D1652.1.3.2. D1652.1.3.2. Inexhaustible corn. (Cf. D965.8.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1652.1.3.3. D1652.1.3.3. Inexhaustible wheat. (Cf. D1033.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1652.1.4. D1652.1.4. Ever-renewing cheese. (Cf. D1036.1.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 318 No. 3, 321 No. 59.

D1652.1.5. D1652.1.5. Inexhaustible chestnut. (Cf. D1035.1.) N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 148, 187, 199, 503.

D1652.1.6. D1652.1.6. Inexhaustible coconut. (Cf. D1035.2.) Leper‘s Island: Dixon 127.

D1652.1.7. D1652.1.7. Inexhaustible fruit.

D1652.1.7.1. D1652.1.7.1. Inexhaustible apple. (Cf. D981.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1652.1.7.2. D1652.1.7.2. Magic banana skin always full of fruit. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 493.

D1652.1.8. D1652.1.8. Magic pill on which one feeds self for years. (Cf. D1243.) *Chauvin VIII 133 No. 126.

D1652.1.9. D1652.1.9. Inexhaustible meat. (Cf. D1032.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.1.9.1. D1652.1.9.1. Inexhaustible pig. (Cf. B184.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1652.1.9.1.1. D1652.1.9.1.1. Inexhaustible boar’s flesh. Danish: Grundtvig Gamle danske Minder I (1854) No. 248; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 313, Boberg.

D1652.1.9.2. D1652.1.9.2. Inexhaustible sheep. Jewish: Neuman.

D1652.1.10. D1652.1.10. Inexhaustible fish. Irish myth: Cross; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 20.

D1652.1.10.1. D1652.1.10.1. Loaves and fishes, eaten at night, restored next morning through power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

D1652.2. D1652.2. Inexhaustible drink. (Cf. D1040, D1472.1.16.) *Fb “drikke”. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 30; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1652.3. D1652.3. Inexhaustible milk. (Cf. D1018.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.3.1. D1652.3.1. Cow with inexhaustible milk. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.3.2. D1652.3.2. Goat with inexhaustible milk. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 313f.

D1652.4. D1652.4. Magic gun is always loaded. (Cf. D1096.1.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330.

D1652.5. D1652.5. Inexhaustible vessel. (Cf. D1171.) *BP I 361; *Aarne JSFO XXVII 1--96 passim; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys. See also all references to motifs D1470--D1475, as indicated below.

D1652.5.1. D1652.5.1. Magic goblet (cup) cannot be filled. (Cf. D1171.6.2, D1472.1.14.) Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.5.2. D1652.5.2. Inexhaustible barrel. (Cf. D1171.9.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1652.5.3. D1652.5.3. Inexhaustible measure (for meal or flour). Canada, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1652.5.4. D1652.5.4. Inexhaustible pitcher. (Cf. D1171.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.5.4.1. D1652.5.4.1. Inexhaustible pitcher of milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.5.5. D1652.5.5. Inexhaustible vase of bonbons. (Cf. D1171.7.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.5.6. D1652.5.6. Inexhaustible bowl. (Cf. 1170.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1026; Korean: Zong in-Sob 43.

D1652.5.7. D1652.5.7. Inexhaustible pot. (Cf. D1171.1.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 849, 969, II 656.

D1652.5.8. D1652.5.8. Inexhaustible food basket. (Cf. D1171.11.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 414.

D1652.5.9. D1652.5.9. Inexhaustible food bag. (Cf. D1193.) Africa (Fang): Tessman 157f.

D1652.5.10. D1652.5.10. Inexhaustible rice-stores. (Cf. D1033.1.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 934.

D1652.5.11. D1652.5.11. Inexhaustible meal sack. (Cf. D1193.) U.S.: *Baughman.

D1652.6. D1652.6. Ever-burning lamp. (Cf. D1162.1, D1645.) Chauvin V 4 No. 443; Jewish: Gaster Exempla 220 No. 163, *Neuman; Fb “lys” II 483a.

D1652.7. D1652.7. Unfading garlands. (Cf. D975.) Penzer I 100, II 22ff., IX 53 n. 2; Irish myth: Cross.

D1652.8. D1652.8. Inexhaustible cloth. (Cf. D1051, D1052, D1652.12.) Irish: Plummer clxxxiv, *Cross; Japanese: Anesaki 315.

D1652.9. D1652.9. Monkey cut in two by magic sword becomes two monkeys. (Cf. D1081.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.10. D1652.10. Inexhaustible fuel. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1652.10.1. D1652.10.1. Inexhaustible firewood. (Cf. D1298.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1652.11. D1652.11. Ever-burning candle. (Cf. D1162.2.) Irish myth: Cross; *Loomis White Magic 32f., 87.

D1652.12. D1652.12. Mantle ever new. (Cf. D1053.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1652.13. D1652.13. Everlasting wine-odor. (Cf. D1046.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1652.14. D1652.14. Sheep with inexhaustible wool. (Cf. B184.6, B412.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1652.15. D1652.15. Inexhaustible well. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1652.15.1. D1652.15.1. Inexhaustible spring. (Cf. D927.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1652.15.2. D1652.15.2. Inexhaustible water-hole. (Cf. D928.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 180.

D1652.16. D1652.16. Lime (for building church) miraculously renewed by power of saint. Irish myth. Cross.

D1652.17. D1652.17. Inexhaustible horn. (Cf. D1171.6.3.) Cox 473.

D1652.18. D1652.18. Inexhaustible larder. U.S.: Baughman.

D1652.19. D1652.19. Inexhaustible human liver. (Cf. D1003.) Greek: Grote I 74 (Prometheus).

D1652.20. D1652.20. Inexhaustible sacrificial blood. (Cf. D1003.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1653. D1653. Infallible article.

D1653.1. D1653.1. Infallible weapon. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 2.

D1653.1.1. D1653.1.1. Infallible sword. (Cf. D1081.) Penzer I 109 n. 1, VI 72 n. 1, VIII 154 n. 2; *Thien 30; *Fb “svжrd” III 690a; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 191, 198; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508A*; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10.

D1653.1.1.1. D1653.1.1.1. Sword causes a man‘s death every time it is drawn. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267 (Dainslef), 268 (Tyrfing), *Boberg.

D1653.1.2. D1653.1.2. Unerring spear. (Cf. D1084.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 72 (Procris); Hindu: Keith 140.

D1653.1.2.1. D1653.1.2.1. Gloves make spear-cast infallible. (Cf. D1066.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1653.1.3. D1653.1.3. Infallible sling. (Cf. D1087.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 90.

D1653.1.4. D1653.1.4. Unerring bow. Always hits mark. (Cf. D1091). Type 592.

D1653.1.5. D1653.1.5. Unerring arrow. (Cf. D1092.) Icelandic: Anssaga Bogsveigis 327; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “flиches”; Greek: Fox 84, 131; India: *Thompson-Balys; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 70.

D1653.1.6. D1653.1.6. Unerring stone missile. (Cf. D1093.) S. A. Indian (Fuegian): Alexander Lat. Am. 340.

D1653.1.7. D1653.1.7. Infallible gun. (Cf. D1096.1.) Types *304, *594; *Fb “skyde” III 345b, “bшsse” IV 86b; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fusil”.

D1653.1.8. D1653.1.8. Magic mirror as infallible weapon. (Cf. D1080, D1163.) Chinese: Werner 161.

D1653.1.9. D1653.1.9. Infallible dagger. (Cf. D1083.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1653.2. D1653.2. Infallible fish-hook. (Cf. D1209.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1654. D1654. Immovable object. *Fb “tung” III 893a; *Irish myth: Cross.

D1654.0.1. D1654.0.1. Magic immovability of saints (or their possessions). *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. IV 83; Loomis White Magic 56f.; Irish myth: Cross.

D1654.0.2. D1654.0.2. Magic stone, hitting object, renders it immovable. (Cf. D931.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1654.1. D1654.1. Stone (rock) refuses to be moved. (Cf. D931.) *Fb “sten” III 553a; Irish: Plummer clvii, Cross; England, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 118.

D1654.1.1. D1654.1.1. Immovable stone moved by saint. (Cf. D930.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1654.1.1.1. D1654.1.1.1. Stone rolls off well-top after saint has prayed. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1654.2. D1654.2. Immovable apples. (Cf. C981.1.) Fb “жble” III 1135b.

D1654.3. D1654.3. Indelible blood. (Cf. D1003.) *Type 312; BP I 404ff.; *Fb “blod” IV 48b.

D1654.3.1. D1654.3.1. Indelible mark. *Loomis White Magic 119.

D1654.3.1.1. D1654.3.1.1. Indelible writing: the scraped word found written as before. (Cf. D1266.1.) *Loomis White Magic 85.

D1654.4. D1654.4. Immovable weapon.

D1654.4.1. D1654.4.1. Sword can be moved only by right person. (Cf. D1081.) *Fb “svжrd” III 690b.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1654.4.1.1. D1654.4.1.1. Sword can only be used by strong hero. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1654.4.2. D1654.4.2. Arrow can be moved only by owner. (Cf. D1092.) Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 318 No. 58, 514 No. 109.

D1654.4.3. D1654.4.3. Lance imbedded in earth cannot be moved. (Cf. D1086.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1654.4.4. D1654.4.4. Magic spear cannot be pulled out of ground. (Cf. D1084.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 136.

D1654.4.5. D1654.4.5. Dagger sticks to killer’s hand. (Cf. D1083.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1654.5. D1654.5. Wagon refuses to move. (Cf. D1113.) *Fb “vogn” III 1078a.; Irish myth: Cross.

D1654.5.1. D1654.5.1. Chariot refuses to move. (Cf. D1114.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1654.6. D1654.6. Ship refuses to move. (Cf. D1123.) Type 425; Tegethoff 13; *Fb “skib” III 242b; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 101 n. 3, 109 n. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1654.7. D1654.7. Statues that cannot be removed. (Cf. D1268.) Basset RTP XXVI 22 and succeeding numbers.

D1654.8. D1654.8. Picture that cannot be removed in ship. (Cf. D1266.2, D1654.6.) *Fb “skib” III 242b, “tung” III 893a.

D1654.8.1. D1654.8.1. Sacred image impossible to remove from the spot. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1654.9. D1654.9. Corpse in coffin refuses to be moved in wagon. (Cf. D1654.5, E272.1, E411.0.3.) *Fb “ligkiste” II 421b, “tung” III 893a, “vogn” III 1078a, “hest” I 599b.; U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1654.9.1. D1654.9.1. Corpse cannot be moved. Irish myth: Cross.

D1654.10. D1654.10. Bell refuses to be moved. (Cf. D1213.) Fb “tung” III 893a; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 72 No. 607.

D1654.10.1. D1654.10.1. Bell sunk in sea can be raised only under certain conditions. Norlind Skattsдgner 60; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 73 No. 614; England: *Baughman.

D1654.11. D1654.11. Paper in hand which none but king can remove. (Cf. D1266.1.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 754*B.

D1654.12. D1654.12. Horse magically becomes immovable. (Cf. B181.) Wesselski Bebel II 80 No. 179.

D1654.13. D1654.13. Woman can be lifted only by her lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1654.14. D1654.14. Severed head cannot be moved from helmet. (Cf. D992.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1654.15. D1654.15. Door stuck by witchcraft so that it cannot be opened. (Cf. D1146.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1654.16. D1654.16. Pot cannot be lifted. (Cf. D1171.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1654.17. D1654.17. Throne of goddess‘ idol is lifted only after goat has been sacrificed. (Cf. D1156.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1655. D1655. Invisible objects. (Cf. D1981.3; F235.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1655.1. D1655.1. Invisible weapons. (Cf. D1080.) Hindu: Keith 152.

D1655.1.1. D1655.1.1. Invisible arrows. (Cf. D1092.) Visible to one person alone. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 356 n. 287b.

D1656. D1656. Incombustible objects. (Cf. D1841.3; D2158.2; F979.5.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “incombustible”.

D1656.1. D1656.1. Incombustible book. (Cf. D1266.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 29.

D1656.2. D1656.2. Incombustible house (dwelling). (Cf. F222.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1657. D1657. Untiring object.

D1657.1. D1657.1. Magic untiring breeches. (Cf. D1055.) *Fb “bukser” IV 77b.

D1658. D1658. Grateful objects. *Type 480, 510, BP I 207 ff., *227; *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 48ff., 60ff.

D1658.1. D1658.1. Objects repay kindness. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *314C; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1658.1.1. D1658.1.1. River grateful for being praised even when ugly. (Cf. D915.) Sicilian: Gonzenbach I 99 No. 15.

D1658.1.2. D1658.1.2. Figs grateful for being praised even when ill-tasting. (Cf. D981.5.) Type 480; *Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63 (to Gonzenbach No. 13).

D1658.1.3. D1658.1.3. Bitter water grateful for being praised. (Cf. D1242.1.) Type 480; *Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63 (to Gonzenbach No. 13).

D1658.1.4. D1658.1.4. Continually slamming doors grateful for being fastened. (Cf. D1146.) Type 480; *Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63 (to Gonzenbach No. 13).

D1658.1.5. D1658.1.5. Apple-tree grateful for being shaken. (Cf. D950, D1610.2.0.1.) *Type 480, 510; *BP I 208ff., 227; Fb “trж” III 867b; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”.

D1658.1.5.1. D1658.1.5.1. Tree grateful for having boughs trimmed. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1658.1.5.2. D1658.1.5.2. Tree grateful for having milk poured on roots. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1658.1.6. D1658.1.6. River grateful for being given color. Africa (Tim): Frobenius Atlantis XI 184ff. No. 7.

D1658.2. D1658.2. Kinds of grateful objects. (See also D1658.1.)

D1658.2.1. D1658.2.1. Grateful stove. (Cf. D1161.) BP I 227 n. 1.

D1658.2.2. D1658.2.2. Grateful carpets. (Cf. D1155.) BP I 227 n. 1.

D1658.2.3. D1658.2.3. Grateful plant. Japanese: Anesaki 337.

D1658.3. D1658.3. Services of grateful objects.

D1658.3.1. D1658.3.1. Grateful objects give advice. (Cf. D1312.) BP I 227.

D1658.3.2. D1658.3.2. Grateful objects help in choice of caskets. BP I 227.

D1658.3.3. D1658.3.3. Grateful objects give helper gifts. BP I 227.

D1658.3.4. D1658.3.4. Grateful objects help fugitive. (Cf. D1393, D1611.) BP I 227.

D1661. D1661. Magic object cannot be replaced.

D1661.1. D1661.1. Talking statue, when destroyed, cannot be replaced for thirty thousand years. (Cf. D1268, D1620.) Dickson 214.

D1662. D1662. Magic object works by being stroked.

D1662.1. D1662.1. Magic ring works by being stroked. (Cf. D1076.) *Type 560; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bague”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1662.1.1. D1662.1.1. Magic ring works by having sun’s rays flash upon gem. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1662.2. D1662.2. Magic lamp works by being stroked. (Cf. D1162.1.) *Type 561; *BP II 544f.

D1662.3. D1662.3. Diamond works by being pressed. (Cf. D1070.) French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

D1663. D1663. Magic object works in contrary fashions. Irish myth: Cross.

D1663.1. D1663.1. Wands of life and death. Pointed with one end, kill; with the other, resuscitate. (Cf. D1254.1, D1402.10.) MacCulloch Childhood 205; N. A. Indian (Bella Coola): Boas JE I 54, (Chilcotin): Farrand JE II 44 No. 30.

D1663.1.1. D1663.1.1. Magic club kills and revives. (Cf. D1094.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1663.2. D1663.2. Ointment cures left cheek, not right. (Cf. D1244.) Chinese: Werner 281.

D1663.3. D1663.3. Well of life and death. Situated on one hand, kills; on the other, protects against disease. (Cf. E82.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1663.4. D1663.4. Fountains poison and cure. One, with bronze vessel, tastes sweet and poisons; other, with iron vessel, tastes bitter and cures. Irish myth: Cross.

D1663.5. D1663.5. Well rises or sinks to indicate long or short life. (Cf. D926.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1663.6. D1663.6. Magic tree gives money to good brother, poisonous animals to bad. (Cf. D950.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 46.

D1664. D1664. Summer and winter garden. Garden which blooms in winter. (Cf. D961.) *BP II 232; Kцhler-Bolte I 215f.--N. A. Indian (Tsimshian): Boas RBAE XXXI 182.

D1665. D1665. Food has taste of any dainty desired. (Cf. D1030, D1359.4.) Irish: Plummer clxxxv, *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 824, 930.

D1665.1. D1665.1. Drink has taste of any liquor desired. (Cf. D1040.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1665.2. D1665.2. Cow whose milk “tastes of honey and intoxicating wine and the satisfaction of good food.” (Cf. B19.2, B182, F241.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1665.3. D1665.3. Fruit has any taste desired. (Cf. D980.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1665.4. D1665.4. Manna tastes bitter to gentiles. (Cf. D1031.0.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1666. D1666. Sword leaves no trace of blow behind it. (Cf. D1081, D1564.7, F833.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 65, Cross.

D1667. D1667. Magic garden grows at once. (Cf. D961.) Africa (Benga): Nassau 216 No. 33.

D1667.1. D1667.1. Magic tree shoots forth leaf, flower, and fruit at once. (Cf. D950.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1667.2. D1667.2. Magic acorns grow at once. (Cf. D985.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1667.3. D1667.3. Million-fold rice which ripens in one night. (Cf. D965.8.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1667.4. D1667.4. Garden that has not bloomed for twelve years does so when girl steps into it. (Cf. D961.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1668. D1668. Magic tree continually in fruit. (Cf. D950.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 120, *Cross.

D1671. D1671. Silver in chain increases in fire. (Cf. D1078.) English: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne).

D1672. D1672. Unquenchable fire. (Cf. D1271.) Fb “ild” II 10a; Jewish: *Neuman.

D1672.0.1. D1672.0.1. Magic fire burns for seven years. (Cf. D1271.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1672.1. D1672.1. Flaming shield unquenchable. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1672.2. D1672.2. Self-burning bush. (Cf. D964.) Jewish: *Neuman.

D1673. D1673. Magic staff blossoms. (Cf. D1254.)

D1673.1. D1673.1. Tree grows from stick saint has used and thrown aside. (Cf. D956.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1674. D1674. Iron blessed by saint incapable of wounding. (Cf. D1080, V220.) *Loomis White Magic 105; Irish: Plummer clxxxv, *Cross.

D1675. D1675. Garden wall that cannot be overleapt. Malone PMLA XLIII 401.

D1676. D1676. Mill refuses to work on Sunday. (Cf. D1263.) Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross.

D1676.1. D1676.1. Manna does not fall on Sabbath. (Cf. D1031.0.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1677. D1677. Mill refuses to work when saint is ill-treated. (Cf. D1263.) Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, Cross.

D1678. D1678. Magic book, once used, compels person to do evil. (Cf. D1266.) *Fb “Cyprianus”.

D1681. D1681. Charm incorrectly uttered will not work. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 84 No. 746.

D1682. D1682. Magic jewel which outweighs many heavy objects in the scale. (Cf. D1071.) *Hertz Abhandlungen 73ff.

D1683. D1683. Hearth cleaned by angel always free of ashes. (Cf. D1147, V230.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1684. D1684. Dye blessed by saint colors animals, trees. (Cf. D1297, V220.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1685. D1685. Interred body of saint performs signs and miracles. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1686. D1686. Magic object departs and returns at formulistic command. Irish myth: Cross.

D1687. D1687. Object magically becomes heavy. *Loomis White Magic 49; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1688. D1688. Marvelous post wears down at top instead of rotting from bottom. (Cf. D956, D1250.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1691. D1691. Magic suspension of weight. *Loomis White Magic 49.

D1691.1. D1691.1. Huge load easily carried by a saint. (Cf. V220.) *Loomis White Magic 48.

D1692. D1692. Cloak (and shirt) fit person of any size. (Cf. D1053, D1056.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1693. D1693. Magic rod swallows other rods. (Cf. D1254.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1694. D1694. Sword that cannot be magically dulled. (See D2086.1.) Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 354, Bуsa saga p. lxvi, *Boberg.

D1700--D2199.

D1700--D2199. MAGIC POWERS AND MANIFESTATIONS

D1700. D1700. Magic powers. *Kittredge Witchcraft passim; Fb “kunst” II 331; Penzer VIII 36ff., 46ff., 79, 100n.; E. E. Evans-Prichard Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande (Oxford, 1937); M. Summers Witchcraft and Black Magic (London, 1946); *Arne Runeberg Witches, Demons and Fertility Magic (Helsinki, 1947); *E. M. Butler Ritual Magic (Cambridge, Eng., 1949); Loomis White Magic; *Tibbals Elements of Magic in the Romance of William of Palerne (MPh I (1903) 355ff.); *Easter A Study of Magic Elements in the Romans d‘Aventure (Dissertation, Baltimore 1906).--Estonian: *Loorits Grundzьge; Japanese: Anesaki 274.

D1710--D1799.

D1710--D1799. Possession and means of employment of magic powers.

D1710. D1710. Possession of magic powers. (Cf. D800.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II “Gegenzauber”; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1711. D1711. Magician. (Cf. D1721.) *Type 325; Dickson 121 n. 64; *Finnur Jуnsson “Um galdra, seieth, seiethmenn og vцlur,” thyjбr ritgjцrethir (Kшbenhavn, 1892) 5--28; *Seligmann 6f.; *Penzer IV 39 n. 1, 46ff.; *Fb “klog mand” II 187; Malone PMLA XLIII 400.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 299, *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 57ff. Nos. 128--159; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 50ff. Nos. 90--119; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 162.

D1711.0.1. D1711.0.1. Magician‘s apprentice. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1711.0.2. D1711.0.2. Magician keeps magic power in tumor in back. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1711.0.3. D1711.0.3. Means of becoming magician. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 92, 94.

D1711.1. D1711.1. Biblical worthy as magician.

D1711.1.1. D1711.1.1. Solomon as master of magicians. **G. Weil Biblische Legenden der Musselmдnner (Frankfurt, 1845); *C. C. MacCown Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society II (1922) 1--24; **C. Singer Salomosagen in Deutschland (Zs. f. deutsches Altertum XXXV (1891) 177ff.); *E. A. W. Budge The Queen of Sheba (London, 1922); *M. D. Conway Solomon and Solomonic Literature (Chicago, 1900); St. John D. Seymour Tales of King Solomon (Oxford, 1924); *H. A. Winkler Salomo und die Karina: eine orientalische Legende von der Bezwingung einer Kindbettdдmonin (Stuttgart, 1931); *Fb “Salomon” III 146b; Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.1.2. D1711.1.2. Esau as magician. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.1.3. D1711.1.3. Baalam as master of magicians. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.2. D1711.2. Virgil as magician. **D. Comparetti Virgilio nel medio evo@2 (Florence, 1896) (Eng. trans. by E. F. M. Benecke, London, 1895); *Chauvin VIII 188ff. No. 228; *Penzer I 24 n. 1; *C. G. Leland Unpublished Legends of Virgil (London, 1899); *Otto Sцhring Romanische Forschungen XII (1900) 580ff.; *Hertel Verzauberte Oertlichkeiten; J. D. Bruce MPh X (1913) 511ff.; **John W. Spargo Virgil the Necromancer (Cambridge, Mass., 1934).

D1711.3. D1711.3. Sun as magician. Chinese: Werner 361.

D1711.4. D1711.4. Druid as magician. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1711.5. D1711.5. Fairy as magician. (Cf. F234.0.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1711.6. D1711.6. God or demigod as magician.

D1711.6.1. D1711.6.1. Odin as magician. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 45ff., 296; Herrmann Saxo Gr. II 239ff., *Boberg.

D1711.6.2. D1711.6.2. Aesculapius as magician. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.7. D1711.7. King as magician. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1711.7.1. D1711.7.1. Pharaoh as magician. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.8. D1711.8. Strong man as magician. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1711.9. D1711.9. Dark-haired people (with bowed nose) as magicians. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1711.10. D1711.10. People of certain place as magicians.

D1711.10.1. D1711.10.1. Finns as magicians. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 372, *Boberg.

D1711.10.2. D1711.10.2. People of Gestrikland (Sweden) as magicians. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 240.

D1711.10.3. D1711.10.3. Egyptians as magicians. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.10.4. D1711.10.4. People of Palmyra as magicians. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.10.5. D1711.10.5. Amonites as magicians. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.10.6. D1711.10.6. Amalekites as magicians. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.11. D1711.11. Family of magicians.

D1711.11.1. D1711.11.1. Baalam‘s family as magicians. Jewish: Neuman.

D1711.12. D1711.12. People who come on ship with sickness accused as magicians. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk III 435, Boberg.

D1711.13. D1711.13. Reptile-men cure snake bites, and can summon together snakes (or mice) and lead them away anywhere. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3666.

D1712. D1712. Soothsayer (diviner, oracle, etc.). (Cf. M301.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 383ff. nn. 61, 62; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 299, *Boberg; England: Baughman; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 138 No. 104; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 48; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 349; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 254; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 57 No. 2, 139 No. 13, (Congo): Weeks 202 No. 1.

D1712.0.1. D1712.0.1. Astrologer-magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1712.1. D1712.1. Soothsayer at work by various methods of divination. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3667; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1712.2. D1712.2. Blind man as soothsayer. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1712.3. D1712.3. Interpreter of dreams. Jewish: Neuman.

D1713. D1713. Magic power of hermit (saint, yogi). (Cf. P426.2.) **Loomis White Magic; *Plummer passim; Dickson 121 n. 66; Penzer VI 201ff., VII 73, 113f.; *Barry JAFL XXVIII 195; **Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. I-IX passim; Gьnter; Irish: *Cross, Beal. XXI 328, O‘Suilleabhain 85; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys (D1711.14, D1711.16.); Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 210, 286. See V220 for cross-references concerning magic powers of saints.

D1714. D1714. Magic power of person without sin. Irish myth: *Cross (D1716).

D1714.1. D1714.1. Magic power of chaste woman. Penzer I 166, III 171 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1714.1.1. D1714.1.1. Chaste maiden at prayer vanishes from would-be ravisher‘s embrace. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1715. D1715. Magic power of dying man’s words. *Type 960; BP II 531; Krappe Science 216--217.--Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 33 (31).

D1715.1. D1715.1. Magic last wish at death becomes a reality (reincarnation). India: Thompson-Balys.

D1715.2. D1715.2. Dying peasant summons greedy bishop for heavenly funeral; the bishop dies hearing the message. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1715.3. D1715.3. Dying man commands cloud to bear message to man‘s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1716. D1716. Magic power of the infirm.

D1716.1. D1716.1. Magic power of the idiot. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 111.

D1716.2. D1716.2. Magic power of the lame. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 99.

D1716.3. D1716.3. Magic power of sterile woman. Jewish: Neuman.

D1717. D1717. Magic power of children. Jewish: Neuman.

D1717.1. D1717.1. Magic power of monster child. *Type 708; U.S.: Baughman.

D1718. D1718. Special location of magic powers.

D1718.1. D1718.1. Magic power contained in stick and water. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1719. D1719. Possession of magic powers--miscellaneous.

D1719.1. D1719.1. Contest in magic. (Cf. H1573.3.) Type 325.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 182; Eskimo (Greenland): Thalbitzer 7, Rasmussen II 334; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 139, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII 3 484.

D1719.1.1. D1719.1.1. Contest in magic between druid and saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1719.1.2. D1719.1.2. Contest between druid and fairy personage. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1719.1.3. D1719.1.3. Magic contest, magician and giant: magician would make a dog‘s tail crooked, the giant would straighten it--and so on, ad infinitum. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1719.1.4. D1719.1.4. Contest between carpenter and son to race wooden horses they had both made. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1719.2. D1719.2. Magic wisdom possessed by wild man. (Cf. F567.) Dickson 120 n. 62; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 968f.

D1719.3. D1719.3. Magic power of superhuman race. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1719.4. D1719.4. Magic wisdom possessed by extraordinary companion. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1719.5. D1719.5. Magic power of fairy. (Cf. A1611.10.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1719.6. D1719.6. Magic power of holy cross. (Cf. V86.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1719.7. D1719.7. Magic power of mermaid. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1719.8. D1719.8. Man has magic servants who plow for him; he swallows them each day and keeps them secret. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1719.9. D1719.9. Magic power at certain time.

D1719.9.1. D1719.9.1. Magic power only at night. Jewish: Neuman.

D1719.9.2. D1719.9.2. Magic power at Passover. Jewish: Neuman.

D1719.10. D1719.10. Magic power only under certain conditions.

D1719.10.1. D1719.10.1. Magic power only when magician’s feet touch ground. Jewish: Neuman.

D1719.11. D1719.11. Limited amount of magic in world.

D1719.11.1. D1719.11.1. Only ten measures of magic allotted to world. Jewish: Neuman.

D1720. D1720. Acquisition of magic powers. (Cf. D810.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 461, Rasmussen II 222, III 111.

D1720.1. D1720.1. Man given power of wishing. Fb “шnske” III 1179a; Irish myth: Cross; Italian: Rotunda, Basile Pentamerone I No. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 453, Holm 25.

D1720.1.1. D1720.1.1. Devil gives man power of wishing. England: *Baughman.

D1720.2. D1720.2. Man receives divine “possession” (becomes a diviner). India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721. D1721. Magic power from magician. *Type 325; *Chauvin II 151 No. 11; *Fb. “sorte skole” III 469a.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 49, 296; English: Wells 43 (Arthour and Merlin); Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 49 No. 87; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 383.

D1721.0.1. D1721.0.1. Magic power from donning magician’s clothes. (Cf. D1052.) N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 131 No. 20.

D1721.0.2. D1721.0.2. Magic power obtained secretly from magician‘s friends. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721.1. D1721.1. Magic power from devil. Kittredge Witchcraft 45, 399 n. 175; Dickson 213 n. 145.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 325*A.

D1721.1.1. D1721.1.1. Magic arts learned in hell. Irish myth: *Cross (D1738).

D1721.1.2. D1721.1.2. Magic power from demon. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 51.

D1721.1.3. D1721.1.3. Spirit gives man the power of exorcising him out of anyone he possesses. (Cf. D2176.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721.1.4. D1721.1.4. Magic power from rakshasi. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721.2. D1721.2. Magic power acquired by eating fish which have eaten dead magician’s flesh. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721.3. D1721.3. Magician blows magic into disciples‘ ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721.4. D1721.4. Disciples drink magician’s urine. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721.5. D1721.5. Magician‘s disciples eat magic iron. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1721.6. D1721.6. Magician’s disciples acquire magic powers by study. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1722. D1722. Magic power from saint. (Cf. D1713, V223.4.1.) Irish: Plummer clxxxv, Cross.

D1722.1. D1722.1. Magic power from prophet. Jewish: Neuman.

D1723. D1723. Magic power from fairy. Type 403; Irish myth: Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 251; Italian: Basile Pentamerone. I No. 3, Rotunda.

D1724. D1724. Magic power from Death. Death as godfather. (Cf. D1725.1.) *Type 332; *BP I 377ff.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1725. D1725. Magic power obtained from angels. Jewish: Neuman, Penzer VI 63.

D1725.1. D1725.1. Magic power from Angel of Death (Cf. 1724.). Jewish: Neuman.

D1726. D1726. Magic power from deity. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 105; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1726.0.1. D1726.0.1. Soothsaying learned from a god. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1726.1. D1726.1. Magic power from celestial maiden. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1726.2. D1726.2. Magic power from stone idol. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1727. D1727. Magic power learned from giant (as foster-father). Icelandic: Bбrdar saga Snжfellsбss ch. 2 (ed. Vigfъsson 1860) 2, Boberg.

D1728. D1728. Magic power from superhuman race. (Cf. D1719.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1731. D1731. Magic power received in dream. Dickson 188; Jewish: Neuman; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 58; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 134.

D1731.1. D1731.1. Song learned in dream. (Cf. D1275.) See story of Caedmon in Bede’s Ecclesiastical History, as well as numerous biblical stories of “inspiration”; *Kittredge Witchcraft 222, 529 n. 89.--Pawnee: Dorsey CI LIX 241ff. Nos. 77--116 passim.

D1731.2. D1731.2. Marvels seen in dreams. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1731.2.1. D1731.2.1. Fairy seen in dream. (Cf. F471.2, K2035.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1731.2.2. D1731.2.2. All nature composed of food in vision. (Cf. V514, X1503.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1731.3. D1731.3. (Dream of) rock-casting contest. (Cf. A966.1, D931.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1732. D1732. Magic power obtained by meditation. Penzer VI 2.

D1733. D1733. Acts producing magic power.

D1733.1. D1733.1. Magic power by jumping into fire. Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 76 No. 15.

D1733.2. D1733.2. Magic power by crawling through ear of magic horse. (Cf. B181.) Kцhler-Bolte I 406.

D1733.3. D1733.3. Magic power through ascetic practices. Penzer IV 46, V 109; India: *Thompson-Balys.

D1733.3.1. D1733.3.1. Magic power by fasting. (Cf. G224.16, P623.) Kittredge Witchcraft 128, 450f. nn. 26--27 passim; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman.

D1733.3.1.1. D1733.3.1.1. Oracular twigs work only if man has fasted. (Cf. D1311.4.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1733.4. D1733.4. Magic power by sitting in certain seat. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1733.5. D1733.5. Magic power from swooning. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 400.

D1733.6. D1733.6. Magic power by magic songs. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 299.

D1734. D1734. Magic powers from rubbing. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 219, 455.

D1734.1. D1734.1. Magic power by rubbing talisman. *Type 561.

D1735. D1735. Magic powers from swallowing.

D1735.1. D1735.1. Magic powers from swallowing a straw. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 158.

D1735.2. D1735.2. Language acquired by swallowing its written characters. Jewish: Neuman.

D1735.3. D1735.3. Magic powers from swallowing magic drink. (Cf. D1040.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 453.

D1735.4. D1735.4. Possession of magic knowledge and witchcraft from having eaten of father-of-man‘s corpse. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1736. D1736. Magic power from great piety. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1736.1. D1736.1. Magic power acquired by sacrificing. (Cf. D1766.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1737. D1737. Magic power inherited. Irish myth: Cross.

D1737.1. D1737.1. Magic power from mother. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 93.

D1738. D1738. Magic arts studied. Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Graham.

D1739. D1739. Acquisition of magic power--miscellaneous.

D1739.1. D1739.1. Magic power from overheard talk of spirits. Jewish: Neuman.

D1739.2. D1739.2. Magic power from heavenly voice. Jewish: Neuman.

D1740. D1740. Loss of magic power.

D1741. D1741. Magic powers lost.

D1741.1. D1741.1. Magic power lost in sleep. Penzer VIII 25 n. 2.

D1741.2. D1741.2. Magic power lost with loss of blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1741.2.1. D1741.2.1. Drawing witch’s blood annuls her spells. (Cf. G271.4.4., G273.6.) Kittredge Witchcraft 47, *399f. nn. 190, 191; *Fb “blod” IV 47b.

D1741.3. D1741.3. Silence under punishment breaks power of enchantment. Fb “prygle” II 881.

D1741.4. D1741.4. Magic powers fail because of lack of faith in them. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1741.5. D1741.5. Magic power lost by being frightened. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1741.6. D1741.6. Loss of magic power through incest. (Cf. Q242.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1741.7. D1741.7. Saint causes loss of magic power. Irish myth: Cross.

D1741.8. D1741.8. Sorcerer’s power lost when his teeth are knocked out. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1741.9. D1741.9. Conjurer‘s power lost by eating magic food. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 423.

D1745. D1745. Magic power rendered ineffective.

D1745.1. D1745.1. Magic power not effective on men born on certain day. Jewish: Neuman.

D1745.2. D1745.2. Magic power rendered ineffective by pious deeds. Jewish: Neuman.

D1749. D1749. Loss of magic power--miscellaneous.

D1749.1. D1749.1. Sorceress to lose her magic power as soon as one of her transformed husbands seizes her and swallows her. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1749.2. D1749.2. Woman loses her magic power when she loses her simplicity and humility. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1750. D1750. Other characteristics of magic power.

D1751. D1751. Magic passes from body to body. Jewish: Neuman; India: Tawney I 417.

D1760. D1760. Means of producing magic power.

D1761. D1761. Magic results produced by wishing. **Riklin Wuncherfьllung und Symbolik in Mдrchen. (1908); *Fb “шnske” III 1178a.--Irish myth: *Cross; German: Grimm Nos. 50, 76; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Seneca: Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 122 No. 19; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 151.

D1761.0.1. D1761.0.1. Wishes granted without limit. *Types 555, 592, 652, 675; BP I 138, II 121ff., *124, 490.

D1761.0.2. D1761.0.2. Limited number of wishes granted. *Types 750A, 1173*, 1951*; *BP II 491; *Loomis White Magic 124, 130; Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1761.0.2.1. D1761.0.2.1. Man to have wishes if he can repeat them in one breath. Irish myth: Cross.

D1761.0.2.2. D1761.0.2.2. One wish granted. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1761.1. D1761.1. Wishing by stars.

D1761.1.1. D1761.1.1. Wishing by shooting star. BP III 234 n. 1.

D1765. D1765. Magic results produced by command. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Babylonian: Spence 76f.; Jewish: Neuman, Genesis 1:3, etc.

D1766. D1766. Magic results produced by religious ceremony. (Cf. G224.5, V70.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 145, 465f. nn. 56, 57, 74, 75, 76--87 passim; England: Baughman.

D1766.1. D1766.1. Magic results produced by prayer. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Norse: Boberg.

D1766.1.1. D1766.1.1. Magic fountain produced by prayer. (Cf. D925.1.) Irish: Plummer cl, Cross.

D1766.1.2. D1766.1.2. Prayers of nun cause Virgin Mary to show her the infant Jesus. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1766.1.3. D1766.1.3. Garment produced by prayer. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1766.1.4. D1766.1.4. Pain stopped by prayer. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1766.1.5. D1766.1.5. Upon praying of a saint, sea or pool is filled with sand so that people are able to cross with dry feet. *Loomis White Magic 43.

D1766.1.6. D1766.1.6. Mouse‘s prayer to gods about her children granted. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1766.1.7. D1766.1.7. Saint opens prison door by prayer. Alphabet No. 280; Boberg.

D1766.1.8. D1766.1.8. Food produced by prayer. Scala Celi 138a No. 774.

D1766.2. D1766.2. Magic results produced by sacrifices. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 89, Beal XXI 329; Jewish: Neuman.

D1766.2.1. D1766.2.1. Magic results from sacrifices at trees and wells. Kittredge Witchcraft 33, *393f. nn. 106--108.

D1766.2.2. D1766.2.2. Magic power from sacrificing a cock. Kittredge Witchcraft 94, *424 nn. 132, 133.

D1766.2.3. D1766.2.3. Magic power from shedding blood. (Cf. D2136.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1766.3. D1766.3. Magic powers from baptizing an animal. Kittredge Witchcraft 94, *424 nn. 134--136.

D1766.4. D1766.4. Magic power from christening an animal.

D1766.4.1. D1766.4.1. Magic power from christening a cock. Kittredge Witchcraft 148, 467 nn. 89--90.

D1766.5. D1766.5. Magic produced by saying mass. Irish myth: Cross.

D1766.5.1. D1766.5.1. Masses used along with other magic for cursing. Kittredge Witchcraft 147, 466 n. 88.

D1766.5.2. D1766.5.2. Magic articles made during mass. Fb “messe” II 582a.

D1766.6. D1766.6. Magic results from sign of the cross. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1766.6.1. D1766.6.1. Fountain produced from sign of the cross. (Cf. D925.1.) Irish: Plummer cl, Cross.

D1766.6.2. D1766.6.2. Sign of the cross made over sword (knife) endows it with magic powers. Irish myth: *Cross; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 82, 87.

D1766.6.3. D1766.6.3. Sign of the cross enables person to relate marvel. Irish myth: Cross.

D1766.6.4. D1766.6.4. Sign of the cross made over beer protects against poison. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1766.6.5. D1766.6.5. Venomous dog killed by sign of cross. Irish myth: Cross.

D1766.7. D1766.7. Magic results from uttering powerful name.

D1766.7.1. D1766.7.1. Magic results produced in name of deity. Jewish: *Neuman.

D1766.7.1.1. D1766.7.1.1. Evil spirits conjured away in name of deity. (Cf. D1385.) Fb “lygtemand” II 473 b.--Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 31f., 66, Beal XXI 310, 325; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1766.7.2. D1766.7.2. Magic use of hero‘s name brings water. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1766.7.3. D1766.7.3. Magic results produced in name of saint. (Cf. V220.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1766.8. D1766.8. Magic results from fasting. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1766.8.1. D1766.8.1. Fasting a part of magic ritual. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1766.9. D1766.9. Magic results from singing hymn. (Cf. D1275.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1766.10. D1766.10. Magic results from worshiping god (goddess). India: Thompson-Balys.

D1773. D1773. Magic results from laughing.

D1773.1. D1773.1. Scent of flowers from laughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1774. D1774. Magic results from speaking. Jewish: Neuman.

D1775. D1775. Magic results from licking. Irish myth: *Cross; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 201.

D1776. D1776. Magic results from spitting. Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Koryak): Jochelson JE VI 170.

D1777. D1777. Magic results from power of thought. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 64.

D1778. D1778. Magic results from contact with earth.

D1781. D1781. Magic results from singing. (Cf. D1275, D1275.3.)

D1782. D1782. Sympathetic magic. Magic results obtained by imitating desired action. *Frazer Golden Bough XII 481 s.v. “Sympathetic magic”; *Andree Ethnographische 8ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer III 38, VI 24 n., 133, IX 27 n. 1; N. A. Indian (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 128, (Maliseet): Mechling GSCan IV 100 No. 29, (Arapaho): Dorsey and Kroeber FM V 271 No. 120, (Pawnee): Dorsey CI LIX 160 No. 43, (Micmac): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 78 No. 11, Rand 370 No. 71, (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 186 No. 35, 457 No. 94, 659 No. 127.

D1782.1. D1782.1. Magic results obtained by imitating desired action.

D1782.1.1. D1782.1.1. Opening mouth makes door open wider. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 193.

D1782.2. D1782.2. Curing wound by treating object which caused wound. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1782.3. D1782.3. Magic result from loosing knots. (Cf. D2142.0.2.)

D1782.3.1. D1782.3.1. Loosing sandals destroys fakir’s power. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1782.3.2. D1782.3.2. Loosing knots permits horse to return home. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1783. D1783. Reverse magic. Magic results obtained by imitating reverse of desired results.

D1783.1. D1783.1. Magic results of reversing a spell. Formula said backward will sometimes undo the work performed by the formula. (Cf. D1273.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 167, 485 nn. 31--33; Penzer VI 149 n. 1, 150ff.

D1783.2. D1783.2. Cure for leprosy by drinking from opposite lip of horn from that which caused it. (Cf. D1500.4.1, D1502.4.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1783.3. D1783.3. Faster one walks, longer the trail. The slower, the shorter. N. A. Indian (Plains Cree): Skinner JAFL XXIX 356 No. 3.

D1783.4. D1783.4. Power over monster (wizard, king) obtained by reversing orders. Hero does exact opposite of the command. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 2.

D1783.5. D1783.5. Magic turned against the makers, so that they are bewildered and kill themselves. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 319, *Boberg.

D1784. D1784. Magic results from breathing. (Cf. D1557.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 428.

D1785. D1785. Magic telepathy. Influence at a distance. Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 380.

D1786. D1786. Magic power at cross-roads. *Fb “korsvej” II 277f; *Frazer Golden Bough XII 232 s.v. “cross roads”; *Penzer III 37f.; Finnish: Kalevala rune 8.

D1787. D1787. Magic results from burning.

D1788. D1788. Magic results from bathing. (Cf. D562, D925, D2161.4.14.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1788.1. D1788.1. Magic results from contact with water. Irish myth: Cross.

D1791. D1791. Magic power by circumambulation. (Cf. G224.8, D1272.) *Fb “rundt” III 96b; Frazer Golden Bough X 233ff.; *Penzer X 109 s.v. “circumambulation”; Cowell Jataka index s.v. “rightwise”; Cosquin Йtudes 356ff.; *Saintyves Essais 196ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

D1791.1. D1791.1. Dextrosum (sunwise) circuit (for good luck). Irish myth: Cross.

D1791.1.1. D1791.1.1. Druid performs circumambulation right-handwise to confer honor or bring good luck. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1791.2. D1791.2. Withershins (countersunwise) circuit (for ill luck). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1791.2.1. D1791.2.1. Druid performs circumambulation withershins to bring ill luck. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1792. D1792. Magic results from curse. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1792.1. D1792.1. Saint’s curse splits rocks. Irish myth: Cross.

D1792.2. D1792.2. Cursing wells. Irish myth: Cross.

D1792.3. D1792.3. Cursing stones. (Cf. D931.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1793. D1793. Magic results from eating or drinking.

D1793.1. D1793.1. Characteristics of animal acquired by eating it. Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 227.

D1794. D1794. Magic results from kissing. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1795. D1795. Magic by creeping (running, pulling) through a hole. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 477 s.v. “durchkriechen”; *Lowy Zs. f. Vksk. XXXVII--XXXVIII 85.

D1796. D1796. Magic from maiden walking naked in public. Hartland Science 83.

D1796.1. D1796.1. Power of nudity in magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1799. D1799. Magic results from other acts. (Cf. D1469.7, F547.1.3.)

D1799.1. D1799.1. Magic power from cleansing. (Cf. D1081, D1610.9, V1.8.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1799.2. D1799.2. Magic results from clapping the hands together. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1799.3. D1799.3. Magic results from special rituals. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1799.4. D1799.4. Magic powers from touching. (Cf. D565, D1032.2f., D1273.0.3., D1810.3, D1833., D1854.)

D1799.5. D1799.5. Magic results from chewing. Irish myth: Cross.

D1799.6. D1799.6. Magic results from performing good deeds. Jewish: Neuman.

D1800--D2199.

D1800--D2199. Manifestations of magic power.

D1800--D1949.

D1800--D1949. LASTING MAGIC QUALITIES

D1810. D1810. Magic knowledge. (Cf. D1310.) India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 456, Rasmussen I 78, III 123, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 244, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 490.

D1810.0.1. D1810.0.1. Omniscience of a god. Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: De la Saussaye 280, Boberg; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound line 167, Grote I 6; Jewish: Neuman.

D1810.0.2. D1810.0.2. Magic knowledge of magician. (Cf. D1711, D1814.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; English: Wells 42 (Arthour and Merlin); India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.0.2.1. D1810.0.2.1. Magician rebukes secret usury. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1810.0.3. D1810.0.3. Magic knowledge of saints and holy men. *Toldo I 345ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1810.0.3.1. D1810.0.3.1. Saint perceives cheat. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1810.0.3.2. D1810.0.3.2. Lost object or person found by holy man. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1810.0.4. D1810.0.4. Magic knowledge of fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1810.0.5. D1810.0.5. Magic knowledge of witches. Irish myth: Cross; England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

D1810.0.6. D1810.0.6. Magic knowledge of angels. (Cf. D1810.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1810.0.7. D1810.0.7. Magic knowledge of superman. Irish myth: Cross.

D1810.0.8. D1810.0.8. Magic knowledge of druid. (Cf. D1711.4, D1816.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1810.0.8.1. D1810.0.8.1. Druid’s “keys of wisdom”. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1810.0.9. D1810.0.9. Magic knowledge of the Pope. Irish myth: Cross.

D1810.0.10. D1810.0.10. Magic knowledge (wisdom) of Solomon. (Cf. L212.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1810.0.11. D1810.0.11. Magic knowledge of poet. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1810.0.12. D1810.0.12. Magic knowledge about culprit‘s offense to deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.0.13. D1810.0.13. Magic knowledge of identity of stranger. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.1. D1810.1. Magic knowledge from queen of other world. (Cf. D1723.) Hartland Science 197.

D1810.2. D1810.2. Magic knowledge from devil. (Cf. D1721.1.) Dickson 235 n. 34; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1810.3. D1810.3. Magic knowledge from touching “knowledge tooth” with thumb. (Cf. D1009.2, D1811.1.1.) **Scott Thumb; Irish myth: Cross; English: Baughman.

D1810.3.1. D1810.3.1. Future revealed by “knowledge tooth”. (Cf. D1009.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1810.4. D1810.4. Magic knowledge learned from magician teacher. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.5. D1810.5. Magic knowledge from angel. (Cf. D1725, D1810.0.6.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1810.6. D1810.6. Magic knowledge from bathing in holy water. Irish myth: Cross.

D1810.7. D1810.7. Magic knowledge from sign of the cross. (Cf. D1766.6, V86.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1810.8. D1810.8. Magic knowledge from dream. (Cf. D1812.3.3, D1812.5.1.2, D1813.1, D1814.2, D1817.2.1, D1819.2.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic. Юiрriks saga II 393--95 (n.), *Boberg.

D1810.8.1. D1810.8.1. Truth given in vision. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.8.2. D1810.8.2. Information received through dream. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.8.2.1. D1810.8.2.1. Dream shows where stolen girl is hidden. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.8.2.2. D1810.8.2.2. Person dreams of spot where drowned body lies. England: Baughman.

D1810.8.2.3. D1810.8.2.3. Murder made known in a dream. Canada: Baughman.

D1810.8.2.4. D1810.8.2.4. Dream tells of safety of absent person who has been in danger. Scotland: Baughman.

D1810.8.2.5. D1810.8.2.5. Raja told in a dream the stranger he seeks to destroy is his own son. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.8.3. D1810.8.3. Warning in dreams. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.8.3.1. D1810.8.3.1. Warning in dream fulfilled. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.8.3.1.1. D1810.8.3.1.1. Dream warns of illness or injury. The dream is fulfilled. England: *Baughman.

D1810.8.3.2. D1810.8.3.2. Dream warns of danger which will happen in near future. Because of advance knowledge, the danger is averted. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1810.8.4. D1810.8.4. Solution to problem is discovered in dream. England: Baughman.

D1810.9. D1810.9. Magic knowledge from God. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 297--98 (Odin); India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.10. D1810.10. Magic knowledge from goddess. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 296, 299; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1810.11. D1810.11. Magic knowledge from mythical ancestor. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 297 (Rig), 311.

D1810.12. D1810.12. Magic knowledge from guardian spirits. (See E721.9.) Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kraka II, Boberg.

D1810.13. D1810.13. Magic knowledge from the dead. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 46, 298, 299--300, 311, Herrmann Saxo II 98--99.

D1811. D1811. Magic wisdom. (Cf. D1300.)

D1811.0.1. D1811.0.1. Seventy-two kinds of wisdom mastered by Adam. Jewish: Neuman.

D1811.1. D1811.1. Magic wisdom from eating or drinking. Jewish: Neuman.

D1811.1.1. D1811.1.1. Thumb of knowledge. Man cooks magic animal and burns thumb. When he puts thumb in mouth he has magic knowledge. (Cf. D1810.3.) **Scott Thumb; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1811.1.1.1. D1811.1.1.1. Thumb of knowledge from catching thumb in door of fairy. (Cf. F211.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1811.1.2. D1811.1.2. Magic wisdom from drinking of well. (Cf. D1242.1, D1300.3, V134.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1811.2. D1811.2. Magic wisdom received from supernatural being. Dickson 120 nn. 61--63.

D1811.2.1. D1811.2.1. Divine inspiration for writing sacred books. Moreno Esdras.

D1812. D1812. Magic power of prophecy. (Cf. D1311.) Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child III 418--422; Greek: Grote I 216, 249, 307; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Ferguson 135.--N. A. Indian (Micmac): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 75 No. 10.

D1812.0.1. D1812.0.1. Foreknowledge of hour of death. Irish myth: *Cross; England: *Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mort”; Greek: Aeschylus Agamemnon line 1260; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.0.1.1. D1812.0.1.1. Cheek bitten as warning of approaching death. (Cf. D1812.5.1.16.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.0.1.2. D1812.0.1.2. Foreknowledge of means of death. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.0.2. D1812.0.2. Saints have foreknowledge of coming of guests. Irish: Plummer clxx, *Cross.

D1812.0.2.1. D1812.0.2.1. Foreknowledge of unwished guests. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1812.0.2.2. D1812.0.2.2. Hero has foreknowledge of coming of guests. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.0.2.3. D1812.0.2.3. Fakir has foreknowledge of coming of guests. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.0.3. D1812.0.3. Foreknowledge of wounding in battle (combat). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.0.4. D1812.0.4. Foreknowledge of unhappiness of son or sons. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1812.0.5. D1812.0.5. Magic knowledge of what is to happen to himself after death. (Cf. G283.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.1. D1812.1. Power of prophecy a gift. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 313 n. 3.

D1812.1.1. D1812.1.1. Power of prophecy from fairy. (Cf. D1723.) Hartland Science 203.

D1812.1.2. D1812.1.2. Power of prophecy from God. (Cf. D1726.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.2. D1812.2. Power of prophecy induced.

D1812.2.1. D1812.2.1. Power of prophecy induced by crawling backward around grave. (Cf. D1791.) *Fb “grav” I 478.

D1812.2.2. D1812.2.2. Power of prophecy induced by conjuring. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.2.3. D1812.2.3. Power of prophecy from accidental drinking of water from magic fountain. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.2.4. D1812.2.4. Dying man’s power of prophecy. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1812.3. D1812.3. Means of learning future. (Cf. D1810.8, D1976.2.)

D1812.3.1. D1812.3.1. Future learned by sitting on hide. Kittredge Witchcraft 47, *399 nn. 181--186; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.3.2. D1812.3.2. Fortune told by cutting sand. Africa (Vai): Ellis 214 No. 29.

D1812.3.3. D1812.3.3. Future revealed in dream. (Cf. D1810.8, D1812.5.1.2, D1813.1.) *Type 725; *BP I 324; *Fb “sove” III 472b; *Hartland FLJ IV 321; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 182, 183, 287, 328, 466, 826--830; *Gaster Exempla Nos. 215, 216, 218, 219, 242; Loomis White Magic; Alphabet Nos. 266, 305; Child V 477 s.v. “dreams”; *Encyc. Religion and Ethics s.v. “Dreams and sleep”; Loomis White Magic 17f.; Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 334, 347.--Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: Sofus Larsen Antik og Nordisk Drшmmetro (Aarbшger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed 1917, 37ff.), G. D. Kelchner Dreams in Old Norse Literature and Their Affinities in Folklore (Cambridge, England, 1935); Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 311--12, *Boberg; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 46 n. 1 (Hecuba); Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 276, Graham.--S. A. Indian (Cherentes): Alexander Lat. Am. 308; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 134; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 67, 249, (Fjort): Dennett 39 No. 5, (Kaffir): Theal 128, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 17, (Zulu): Callaway 146, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 124.

D1812.3.3.0.1. D1812.3.3.0.1. Druid interprets prophetic dream. (Cf. D1711.4, D1812.3.3.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.3.3.0.2. D1812.3.3.0.2. Poets interpret dreams. (Cf. P427.7.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.3.3.0.3. D1812.3.3.0.3. Dream interpreter corrects dream. Jewish: Neuman.

D1812.3.3.1. D1812.3.3.1. Truest dreams at daybreak. *Penzer VIII 99f.

D1812.3.3.2. D1812.3.3.2. Fortune-telling dream induced by sleeping in extraordinary place (position). *Fb “sove” III 472b, 473a.

D1812.3.3.3. D1812.3.3.3. Prophetic dream induced by incantation. (Cf. D1799.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.3.3.4. D1812.3.3.4. Prophetic dream loses force after a year. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.3.3.5. D1812.3.3.5. Prophetic dream allegorical. (Cf. D1812.3.3.0.1., V515.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.3.3.5.1. D1812.3.3.5.1. Allegorical dream: ripe and unripe ears, fat and lean kine. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.3.3.6. D1812.3.3.6. Prophetic dream induced by eating meat of bull. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.3.3.7. D1812.3.3.7. Eve in vision sees Cain drink Abel’s blood. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.3.3.8. D1812.3.3.8. Dream by a (pregnant) woman about fate of her unborn child. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1812.3.3.9. D1812.3.3.9. Future husband (wife) revealed in dream. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.3.3.10. D1812.3.3.10. Dream interpreted by opposites. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.3.3.11. D1812.3.3.11. Death of another revealed in dream. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1812.4. D1812.4. Future revealed by presentiment: “knowledge within”. Irish myth: Cross; England, U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 88; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 68, 227, (Zulu): Callaway 194.

D1812.4.1. D1812.4.1. Woman cries out on beholding man her unborn child is destined to slay. (Cf. T575.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5. D1812.5. Future learned through omens. *Fb “varsel”; *Kittredge Witchcraft 398 n. 170; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 110, Beal XXI 334; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Cowell Jataka index s.v. “Omens”.

D1812.5.0.1. D1812.5.0.1. Omens from sneezing. *Kittredge Witchcraft 44, 398 n. 170; *Pease Classical Philology VI (1911) 429ff; *Tylor Primitive Culture (First Am. ed.) I 97ff.; Knowlson Popular Superstitions (1910) 175ff.; Schweizer Volkskunde (1912) 20f.; Encyc. Rel. Ethics IX 398f.; Penzer III 303ff.; Gessler Bull. bib. et pйd. du Musйe belge XXX (1926) 193ff.; Saintyves L’Eternuement et le Baillement (Paris, 1921) 148; *Fb “nyse” II 704; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “niesen” VI 1076ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.0.2. D1812.5.0.2. Omens from flight of birds. *Kittredge Witchcraft 44, 398 n. 170; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.0.3. D1812.5.0.3. Behavior of fire as omen. *Fb “ild” II 13a.; Virgil Aeneid II 680, V 525, VII 74; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.0.4. D1812.5.0.4. Rising smoke as omen. N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 224.

D1812.5.0.4.1. D1812.5.0.4.1. Divination from rising smoke. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.0.5. D1812.5.0.5. Haruspices: divination by condition of animal‘s liver. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1494; *Frazer Pausanias IV 5.

D1812.5.0.6. D1812.5.0.6. Divination by throwing objects into water. If they swim the omen is bad; if not, good. *Frazer Pausanias III 388.

D1812.5.0.7. D1812.5.0.7. Divination from first person (thing) met. *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. “Erstes”; Jewish: Neuman.

D1812.5.0.7.1. D1812.5.0.7.1. First to partake of certain feast will be first to disobey the king (etc.). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.0.7.2. D1812.5.0.7.2. Saint declares that first man to come to certain place shall be his successor. Young cleric comes and is chosen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.0.7.3. D1812.5.0.7.3. Prognostications from day of week on which first day of year falls. (Cf. D1812.5.0.16.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.0.8. D1812.5.0.8. Divination from animal fight. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.0.8.1. D1812.5.0.8.1. Auguries from movement of animal. (Cf. B563.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.0.9. D1812.5.0.9. Divination from howling of dog. (Cf. D1812.5.1.12.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.0.10. D1812.5.0.10. Divination from clouds. (Cf. D1812.5.1.11.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.0.11. D1812.5.0.11. Divination from sound of voice. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.0.12. D1812.5.0.12. Divination from sound of chariot wheels. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.0.13. D1812.5.0.13. Magic manifestation as omen. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1812.5.0.14. D1812.5.0.14. Stone changes from red to green as auspicious sign. (Cf. D1293.1, D1293.2, D1317.12.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.0.15. D1812.5.0.15. Weather signs. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.0.15.1. D1812.5.0.15.1. Divination from wind. Icelandic: Egils saga einhenda, ed. Lagerholm 47.

D1812.5.0.16. D1812.5.0.16. Prognostications for year from winds blowing on January 1. (Cf. D1812.5.0.7.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.0.17. D1812.5.0.17. Divination by choice of roads: which son to be born first. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.1. D1812.5.1. Bad omens. *Penzer III 46, 86, X 251 s.v. “Omen, evil.”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.1.1. D1812.5.1.1. Prodigy as evil omen. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 69; *Penzer II 39 n. 2.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 185 n. 1, 232 n. 2.

D1812.5.1.1.1. D1812.5.1.1.1. Tears of blood as evil omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.1.2. D1812.5.1.1.2. Two drops of blood in book mean that two have been killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1812.5.1.1.3. D1812.5.1.1.3. Blood (in dream) as omen of killing. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1812.5.1.1.4. D1812.5.1.1.4. Wave of blood as sign of death. (Cf. D1003, E761.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.1.5. D1812.5.1.1.5. Drops of blood presage slaughter. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.1.6. D1812.5.1.1.6. Washers at the ford. Appearance of female figure washing bloody armor, chariot cushions, or human limb (at ford) as sign of coming disaster in battle. (Cf. A485.1, E761.1, M301.6.1, Z129.2.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.2. D1812.5.1.2. Bad dream as evil omen. (Cf. D1810.8, D1812.3.3, D1813.1.) Dickson 74, 225.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 9 (King Horn), 31 (Geoffrey’s life of Arthur), 33 (Layamon‘s Brut), 48 (Lancelot of the Laik), 89 (The Sege of Melayne), 92 (The Song of Roland), 122 (The King of Tars); Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 233, *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.1.2.1. D1812.5.1.2.1. Vision as evil omen. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.3. D1812.5.1.3. Breaking mirror as evil omen. *Fb “spejl” III 481b; *Kittredge Witchcraft 93, 423 n. 124.

D1812.5.1.4. D1812.5.1.4. Eclipse as evil omen. (Cf. F961.1, F965.2.) Penzer II 82.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D1812.5.1.5. D1812.5.1.5. Moon furnishes omen.

D1812.5.1.5.1. D1812.5.1.5.1. New moon with old moon in her arm a sign of storm. Child II 20ff.

D1812.5.1.5.2. D1812.5.1.5.2. Red or pale moon an evil omen. Chinese: Werner 176.

D1812.5.1.6. D1812.5.1.6. Stars furnish omens.

D1812.5.1.6.1. D1812.5.1.6.1. Sirius as bad omen. Greek: Homer Iliad XXII 30.

D1812.5.1.7. D1812.5.1.7. Meeting certain persons (animals) a bad omen. *Kittredge Witchcraft 44f., 398 nn. 169--173.

D1812.5.1.7.1. D1812.5.1.7.1. Bad omen: greeting one before dawn. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.1.8. D1812.5.1.8. Bad omen for two bridal processions to meet. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 135 No. 91.

D1812.5.1.9. D1812.5.1.9. Sight of mermaid bad omen. Child V 488 s.v. “mermaid”.

D1812.5.1.10. D1812.5.1.10. Sight of phantom ship a bad omen. Fb “skib”.

D1812.5.1.11. D1812.5.1.11. Red (gray, etc.). clouds as evil omens. (Cf. D1812.5.0.10.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.12. D1812.5.1.12. Animal behavior as bad omen.

D1812.5.1.12.1. D1812.5.1.12.1. Howling of dog as bad omen. (Cf. D1812.5.0.9.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.12.2. D1812.5.1.12.2. Bird calls as evil omen. Korean: Zong in-Sob 210.

D1812.5.1.12.3. D1812.5.1.12.3. Spider dropping on person’s back as ill omen. Samoa: Clark 117.

D1812.5.1.12.4. D1812.5.1.12.4. Mice gnawing garments as bad omen. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 410.

D1812.5.1.13. D1812.5.1.13. Fairy music as evil omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.14. D1812.5.1.14. Holy man‘s fall from horse a bad omen. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.15. D1812.5.1.15. Hailstorm as bad omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.16. D1812.5.1.16. Dry river bed as bad omen. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.16.1. D1812.5.1.16.1. Dry river bed as omen of approaching death. (Cf. D1812.0.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.17. D1812.5.1.17. Spectre as evil omen. (Cf. D1812.5.1.1.6.) Irish myth: *Cross; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 678f.

D1812.5.1.17.1. D1812.5.1.17.1. Spirit host fighting in air as evil omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.17.2. D1812.5.1.17.2. Clashing shields in heavens as evil omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.17.3. D1812.5.1.17.3. Roaring of shields as evil omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.18. D1812.5.1.18. Snow on house omen of approaching death. (Cf. D1812.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.19. D1812.5.1.19. Plague as bad omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.20. D1812.5.1.20. Withering of tree as bad omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.21. D1812.5.1.21. Forgetting leashes of hounds as bad omen. Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.22. D1812.5.1.22. Bad omen: seeing unusual sight on road home. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.1.23. D1812.5.1.23. Man killed by accident when ship is pushed into the sea taken as an evil omen. Icelandic: Ragnars saga ch. 10 (9), Boberg.

D1812.5.1.24. D1812.5.1.24. Roaring of waves augurs danger to king. (Cf. D911.1, D1812.5.2.7.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.25. D1812.5.1.25. Falling of shields as evil omen. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.26. D1812.5.1.26. Falling of book satchels as evil omen. (Cf. D1266, D1641.11.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.1.27. D1812.5.1.27. Croaking of raven as bad omen. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1812.5.1.27.1. D1812.5.1.27.1. Hooting of owl a bad omen. Virgil Aeneid IV 464; *Fb “ugle” IV 963.

D1812.5.1.28. D1812.5.1.28. Stirrup leather breaking as bad omen. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.1.29. D1812.5.1.29. Evil omen: scavenger carrying headload of wood. India: Thompson-Balys

D1812.5.1.30. D1812.5.1.30. Place of bad omen. Jewish: Neuman.

D1812.5.1.31. D1812.5.1.31. Stumping toe a bad omen. Samoa: Clark 116.

D1812.5.2. D1812.5.2. Favorable omens. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys, *Penzer I 116, IV 122 n. 1, 171 n. 1.

D1812.5.2.1. D1812.5.2.1. Throbbing of right eye as favorable omen. Penzer V 200 n. 3.

D1812.5.2.2. D1812.5.2.2. Meeting certain person (animal) a good omen. *Kittredge Witchcraft 45, 398 n. 172.

D1812.5.2.2.1. D1812.5.2.2.1. Good omen: meeting old woman with pot of newly drawn water. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.2.3. D1812.5.2.3. Hearing thunder on setting forth a good omen. *Kittredge Witchcraft 45, 398 n. 172; *Frazer Pausanias III 417 (lightning on the right).

D1812.5.2.4. D1812.5.2.4. Bird of prey catching quarry a good omen. *Kittredge Witchcraft 45, 398 n. 173.

D1812.5.2.5. D1812.5.2.5. Hearing bird cry a good omen.

D1812.5.2.5.1. D1812.5.2.5.1. Hearing cuckoo call a good omen. Alphabet No. 727.

D1812.5.2.5.2. D1812.5.2.5.2. Hearing heron’s cry a good omen. Greek: Homer Iliad X 275.

D1812.5.2.6. D1812.5.2.6. Shooting star as good omen. (Cf. D1761.1.1.) *BP III 234.

D1812.5.2.7. D1812.5.2.7. Roaring wave augurs luck. (Cf. D911.1, D1812.5.1.24, F931.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1812.5.2.8. D1812.5.2.8. Omen at laying foundation of building. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.2.9. D1812.5.2.9. King who finds golden bow and arrow (spindle) knows an heir will be born to him. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1812.5.2.10. D1812.5.2.10. Black dog as good omen. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 121.

D1812.5.2.11. D1812.5.2.11. Spider dropping on one‘s front a good omen. (Cf. D1812.5.1.12.3.) Samoa: Clark 117.

D1812.6. D1812.6. Power of prophecy lost. (Cf. D1741.)

D1812.6.1. D1812.6.1. Power of prophecy lost by spitting. When possessor of power on request spits into mouth of man who has taught him, he loses the power. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 313 n. 3.

D1813. D1813. Magic knowledge of events in distant place. Irish: Plummer clxx, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1813.0.1. D1813.0.1. Bear knows if person looks at his track. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin 2.

D1813.0.2. D1813.0.2. Fairy has knowledge of how mortals fare. (Cf. D1810.0.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1813.0.3. D1813.0.3. Father feels that son is in danger. (Cf. D1812.0.4, D1812.5.1.1.4.) Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kraka ch. 14, Boberg.

D1813.0.3.1. D1813.0.3.1. Father knows of son’s death from far away. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1813.1. D1813.1. Dream shows events in distant place. (Cf. D1810.8, D1812.3.3, D1812.5.1.2.) India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1813.1.1. D1813.1.1. Dream warns emperor of wife‘s unfaithfulness. English: Wells 138 (The Earl of Toulous); Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1813.1.2. D1813.1.2. Dream warns king of error in judgment. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1813.1.3. D1813.1.3. Dream warns king of danger to kingdom. Africa (Temne): Schlenker 87ff. No. 7.

D1813.1.4. D1813.1.4. Dream reveals death of brother. (Cf. D1812.3.3, D1812.5.1.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1813.1.5. D1813.1.5. Dream reveals to girl death of her lover. Heptameron No. 13.

D1813.1.6. D1813.1.6. Dream shows others in danger. Icelandic: FSS 247, 258, *Boberg; Papua: Ker 127.

D1813.2. D1813.2. Pursuit revealed by magic. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Hrolfs saga Kraka ch. 2, Boberg.

D1813.3. D1813.3. “Knowledge tooth” reveals events in distant place. (Cf. D1810.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1813.4. D1813.4. Fugitives‘ way revealed by magic. Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kraka ch. 1; Egils saga einhenda ch. IX 8 p. 44, *Boberg.

D1814. D1814. Magic advice. Jewish: Neuman.

D1814.1. D1814.1. Advice from magician (fortune-teller, etc.). (Cf. D1711, D1810.0.2, D1817.) Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 39 (Nennius Historia Britonum); Greek: Grote I 249.

D1814.1.1. D1814.1.1. Wizard shows man likeness of cock which will win fight. England: Baughman.

D1814.2. D1814.2. Advice from dream. (Cf. D1810.8.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1814.3. D1814.3. Advice from God (or gods). Irish myth: *Cross.

D1815. D1815. Magic knowledge of strange tongues. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child III 418--422; Ward II 676 No. 68; Jewish: Neuman.

D1815.0.1. D1815.0.1. Gift of tongues received from ghosts. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99.

D1815.1. D1815.1. Knowledge of ghost language. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99.

D1815.2. D1815.2. Magic knowledge of language of animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1815.3. D1815.3. Magic knowledge of demon language. Jewish: Neuman.

D1815.4. D1815.4. Magic knowledge of tree language. Jewish: Neuman.

D1815.5. D1815.5. Magic knowledge of vegetable language. Jewish: Neuman.

D1815.6. D1815.6. Magic knowledge of language of valleys. Jewish: Neuman.

D1816. D1816. Magic discovery of desired place. (Cf. D1314.)

D1816.1. D1816.1. Location of fountain revealed in dream. (Cf. D925, D925.1, D1731.) Irish: Plummer cl, Cross.

D1816.2. D1816.2. Lost object discovered by magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1816.2.1. D1816.2.1. Lost object found by throwing spade at ghost. Where spade sticks one will find the lost object. *Fb “gjenganger” I 443b.

D1816.3. D1816.3. Location of fort determined by reading in book. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1816.4. D1816.4. Location of buried object (body) magically revealed. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1816.4.1. D1816.4.1. Location of corpse of drowned person detected by magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1816.5. D1816.5. Druid divines whereabouts of missing person. (Cf. D1711.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1816.5.1. D1816.5.1. Druid by magic discovers whereabouts of abducted wife. (Cf. F322.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1816.6. D1816.6. Magic discovery of place for (church) building. Icelandic: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 156ff., (1931) 115ff.

D1817. D1817. Magic detection of crime. (Cf. D1318.)

D1817.0.1. D1817.0.1. Magic detection of theft. *Kittredge Witchcraft 190ff., 505 nn. 28, 29--53; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1817.0.1.1. D1817.0.1.1. Witch (wizard) reveals name of thief. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1817.0.1.2. D1817.0.1.2. Wizard tells location of stolen property. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1817.0.1.3. D1817.0.1.3. Wizard compels thief to return stolen property. England: *Baughman.

D1817.0.1.3.1. D1817.0.1.3.1. Wizard compels thief to deliver stolen property in person to the owner. England: *Baughman.

D1817.0.1.4. D1817.0.1.4. Wizard shows form or shadow or picture of thief. (Cf. D1323.1, D1821.3.7.1.) England: *Baughman.

D1817.0.1.5. D1817.0.1.5. Wizard detects thieves by placing leaf from Bible under doorstep. The guilty ones stumble over doorstep. England: Baughman.

D1817.0.1.6. D1817.0.1.6. Wizard detects thief by trance. England, U.S.: Baughman.

D1817.0.2. D1817.0.2. Magic detection of poison. (Cf. D1317.0.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1817.0.3. D1817.0.3. Magic detection of murder. Irish myth: Cross.

D1817.0.4. D1817.0.4. Magic detection of conspiracy. Irish myth: Cross.

D1817.0.5. D1817.0.5. Magic detection of sin. Irish myth: Cross.

D1817.1. D1817.1. Druids magically detect crime. Irish: Plummer clx, *Cross.

D1817.2. D1817.2. Saints magically detect crime. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1817.2.1. D1817.2.1. Dream reveals sin to saint. (Cf. D1810.8.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1817.2.2. D1817.2.2. Saint magically compels thief to return goods. *Loomis White Magic 85.

D1817.3. D1817.3. Detection of crime through “knowledge tooth”. (Cf. D1810.3, D1811.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1818. D1818. Magic remedy learned by magic. (Cf. D1500.) Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 137.

D1819. D1819. Magic knowledge--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

D1819.1. D1819.1. Magic knowledge of another‘s thoughts. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1819.1.1. D1819.1.1. Chief reads visitor‘s thoughts. California Indian: Gayton and Newman 101.

D1819.2. D1819.2. Deception revealed in dream. (Cf. D1810.8.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1819.3. D1819.3. Magic knowledge enables man to identify headless body. Irish myth: Cross.

D1819.4. D1819.4. Learning to read by magic. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1819.4.1. D1819.4.1. Man enabled to read baptismal service by washing in holy water. Irish myth: Cross.

D1819.4.2. D1819.4.2. Alphabet written on cake learned by eating it. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1819.5. D1819.5. Identity of grave revealed by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D1819.6. D1819.6. Identity of singers revealed by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D1819.7. D1819.7. Man is able to tell king dream which king himself does not remember. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1819.8. D1819.8. Magic knowledge of unborn calf. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1820. D1820. Magic sight and hearing. (Cf. D1331.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 185ff.; 503ff.--Irish: Plummer clxxi; England, U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 102.

D1820.1. D1820.1. Magic sight of saints. (Cf. D1810.0.3, V220.) *Toldo Studien I 347.--Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 109, 128, Beal XXI 334, 337.

D1820.1.1. D1820.1.1. Magic sight of blind holy man. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1820.2. D1820.2. Saint gives king power of long distance sight. *Loomis White Magic 73.

D1820.3. D1820.3. Saint blesses brothers‘ eyes so that they see heaven. *Loomis White Magic 73.

D1821. D1821. Means of acquiring magic sight.

D1821.1. D1821.1. Magic sight by treading on another’s foot. *BP II 319, 518; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 204; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 243; *Fb “se” III 175a.--Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 255, 283; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 1, 298 No. 7, 302 No. 27, 309 No. 10.

D1821.2. D1821.2. Magic sight from thumb of knowledge. Man cooks magic animal and burns thumb. When he puts thumb into mouth he has magic sight. (Cf. D1810.3, D1811.1.1.) **Scott Thumb.--Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 253.

D1821.3. D1821.3. Magic sight by looking in certain place. *Fb “se” III 174.

D1821.3.1. D1821.3.1. Magic sight by looking under arm. Jakob Grimm Kleinere Schriften VII 3; *Fb “шje” III 1168b, “se” III 174.--Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child III 411, V 299b.

D1821.3.2. D1821.3.2. Magic sight by looking over right shoulder. *BP II 319, 518.

D1821.3.3. D1821.3.3. Magic sight by looking under one‘s legs. *Fb “se” III 174; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1821.3.4. D1821.3.4. Magic sight by looking between dog’s ears. *Fb “se” III 174.

D1821.3.5. D1821.3.5. Magic sight by looking through ring. (Cf. D1076.) Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child III 412.

D1821.3.5.1. D1821.3.5.1. One becomes ghost-seer after looking through hole in coffin. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

D1821.3.6. D1821.3.6. Magic sight by looking through keyhole. Fb “kirkedшr” II 127.

D1821.3.7. D1821.3.7. Magic sight by looking at shining object.

D1821.3.7.1. D1821.3.7.1. Magic sight by looking into glass of water. Fb “vand” III 1001a; Kittredge Witchcraft 185ff., 504, 508 nn. 6, 47.--Chinese: Graham.

D1821.3.7.2. D1821.3.7.2. Magic sight by looking at polished fingernail. *Kittredge Witchcraft 185ff., 503ff. nn. 1, 5.

D1821.3.7.3. D1821.3.7.3. Crystal-gazing. Clairvoyance by looking into crystal. Kittredge Witchcraft 185ff., 503ff. nn. *1--3, 10--24, 35, 47.--England, U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1821.3.7.4. D1821.3.7.4. Magic sight by looking at polished sword-blade. Kittredge Witchcraft 185ff., 504, 508 nn. 6, 7, 47.

D1821.3.8. D1821.3.8. Magic sight by looking at shoulder-bone of sheep. *Kittredge Witchcraft 186, 504 n. 6.

D1821.3.9. D1821.3.9. Magic sight by looking in the hollow of one’s hand. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1821.3.10. D1821.3.10. Magic sight by looking through feather. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1821.4. D1821.4. Magic sight by putting ointment into eye. (Cf. D1244.) England: Lang English Fairy Tales 220.

D1821.5. D1821.5. Magic sight by standing on certain stone. Hartland Science 197.

D1821.6. D1821.6. Magic sight given to abandoned child. Scotland: Macdougall and Calder 183.

D1821.7. D1821.7. Deaf and dumb man can see soul taken to happiness or punishment. Fb “sjжl” III 214b; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1821.8. D1821.8. Possession by spirit of dead person gives second sight. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1821.9. D1821.9. Magic sight by turning clothes inside out. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D1821.10. D1821.10. Magic sight by standing alone for three days. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1821.11. D1821.11. Magic sight gift of grateful animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1822. D1822. Loss of magic sight. (Cf. D1741.)

D1822.1. D1822.1. Magic sight overcome by incantation. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1825. D1825. Kinds of magic sight.

D1825.1. D1825.1. Second sight. Power to see future happenings. (Cf. D1812.) *Chauvin V 90 No. 28 n. 2; *Fb “synsk”, “spеkjжlling”, “spеmand”, “gjenviser”; *RTP XXVII *145, 151, 284, 382.--Irish: Plummer clxx, *Cross; Scotland: Macdougall and Calder 183, 251, 255, 281; Icelandic: Snorra Edda Prol. V and Gylf. II, *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 478 No. 103, (Plains Ojibwa): Skinner JAFL XXXII 300.

D1825.1.2. D1825.1.2. Magic view of future lover. *Fb “kjжreste” II 153; Type 737*.--England, U.S.: *Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1825.2. D1825.2. Magic power to see distant objects. (Cf. D1813.3, D1817.0.1, D1825.5.) *BP II 319; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 204.--Celtic: Hartland Science 197; England: Child III 412; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3507; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 91 No. 5.

D1825.2.1. D1825.2.1. Magic sight of earthly objects from otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

D1825.2.2. D1825.2.2. Magic power to see whole country at once. Jewish: Neuman.

D1825.3. D1825.3. Magic power to see invisible creatures. Swiss. Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297f. Nos. 1, 7; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 183, Lang English Fairy Tales 220; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3510.

D1825.3.1. D1825.3.1. Magic power of seeing Death at head or foot of bed and thus forecasting progress of sickness. *Type 332; *BP I 377 ff.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman.

D1825.3.2. D1825.3.2. Man sees angels over the heads of the good and black stars over the bad. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1825.3.3. D1825.3.3. Magic sight: ability to see the soul (astral body). India: Thompson-Balys.

D1825.3.3.1. D1825.3.3.1. Magic power to see souls after death. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1825.3.3.2. D1825.3.3.2. Magic power to see soul leaving body. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1825.3.4. D1825.3.4. Ability to see heavenly beings. Jewish: Neuman.

D1825.3.4.1. D1825.3.4.1. Ability to see angel of God. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1825.3.4.2. D1825.3.4.2. Ability to see messengers of Pluto. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1825.4. D1825.4. Magic power to see concealed things. (Cf. D1817.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1825.4.1. D1825.4.1. Magic power of seeing things underground. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 12 n. 3.

D1825.4.2. D1825.4.2. Magic power to see whether girl is virgin. Type 592; Norwegian Christiansen 89.

D1825.4.3. D1825.4.3. Magic power to see lost things. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

D1825.4.3.1. D1825.4.3.1. Prophet locates lost child. Greek: *Grote I 206.

D1825.5. D1825.5. Magic power to see death circumstances of absent person. Canada, England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

D1825.6. D1825.6. Magic power to “see” who will die during coming year. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1825.7. D1825.7. Magic sight of incident before it actually happens. Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1825.7.1. D1825.7.1. Person sees phantom funeral procession some time before the actual procession takes place. England, Ireland, Scotland: *Baughman.

D1825.8. D1825.8. What religious ascetic sees as gold, ordinary people see as scorpions. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1825.9. D1825.9. Witches have power to see distant sights. England: Baughman (D1912.1.).

D1827. D1827. Magic hearing.

D1827.1. D1827.1. Magic hearing of noises which portend death. (Cf. D1812.)

D1827.1.1. D1827.1.1. Listening at church door on Halloween to hear the names of those to die in the coming year. (Cf. D1825.6.) Wales: Baughman.

D1827.1.2. D1827.1.2. Sounds heard before death; the sounds are later repeated in connection with the death or funeral. England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1827.1.3. D1827.1.3. Noise warns of approaching death. Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1827.1.4. D1827.1.4. Sounds heard from distance at time of death. England, Wales, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D1827.2. D1827.2. Person hears call for aid from great distance. U.S.: Baughman.

D1830. D1830. Magic strength. (Cf. D1335.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 491.

D1830.1. D1830.1. Man‘s strength made equal to that of angel. Jewish: Neuman.

D1831. D1831. Magic strength resides in hair. (Cf. D991.) *Frazer Old Testament II 482ff., Jewish: *Neuman; *Frazer Golden Bough I 102, XI 158ff.; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1258; *Wilken Verspreide Geschriften III 551ff.; *Fb “styrke” III 630a, “hеr” IV 241b; Krappe “Samson” Revue Archйologique (1933) 195--211.--Greek: Fox 69 (Nisos), 77 (Pterelaos); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508A*, Keller; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VIII 113 No. 31; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 466.

D1831.1. D1831.1. Saint binds devil with one of the hairs of her head. Irish myth: Cross.

D1831.2. D1831.2. Magic strength resides in beard. *Fb “styrke” III 630a.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1831.3. D1831.3. Magic strength resides in semen. (Cf. T541.10.) Gaster Thespis 327.

D1832. D1832. Magic strength by bathing. (Cf. D1242.1.) *MacCulloch Childhood 70ff.--N. A. Indian (Tsimshian, Tlingit, Haida): Boas RBAE XXXI 729.

D1833. D1833. Magic strength by touching earth. Greek: Apollodorus I 222 n. 2 (Antaeus).

D1834. D1834. Magic strength from helpful animal. Fb “styrke”.

D1835. D1835. Other means of acquiring magic strength.

D1835.1. D1835.1. Magic strength acquired by looking at necklace. Penzer V 76 n. 1.

D1835.2. D1835.2. Magic strength given horse by combing hair right way and wrong way. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1 and note 2.

D1835.3. D1835.3. Magic strength by stroking. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga St. 605, *Boberg.

D1835.4. D1835.4. Magic strength obtained by wearing blue ribbon. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule. (Cf. D1078.1.)

D1835.5. D1835.5. Magic strength results from songs. (Cf. D1781.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 277.

D1835.6. D1835.6. Magic strength from demon. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 51.

D1836. D1836. Magic waxing and waning of strength. It waxes till noon and wanes thereafter. English: Wells 50 (Le Morte Arthur); Irish myth: *Cross.

D1836.1. D1836.1. Ghost‘s strength waxes and wanes with height of fire. N. A. Indian (Teton): Dorsey Am. Anth. o.s. II (1889) 150.

D1836.2. D1836.2. Strength wanes at particular places. Jewish: *Neuman.

D1836.3. D1836.3. Magic waxing of strength at night. Jewish: *Neuman.

D1837. D1837. Magic weakness. Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 47; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1837.1. D1837.1. Magic weakness during certain period.

D1837.1.1. D1837.1.1. Magic weakness for five days each year. (Cf. D1837.3.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 73f., *Cross.

D1837.2. D1837.2. Magic weakness never entirely removed. Irish myth: Cross.

D1837.3. D1837.3. Magic weakness as result of fairy’s (goddess‘s) curse. (Cf. D1837.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1837.4. D1837.4. Snake becomes powerless when his path is crossed by a pregnant woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1837.5. D1837.5. Magic weakness from eating sender’s food. Jewish: Neuman.

D1840. D1840. Magic invulnerability. **Otto Berthold Die Unverwundbarkeit in Sage und Aberglauben der Griechen (Giessen, 1911); cf. Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 415.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 312, *Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 150 n. 1; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 5; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 287, 597.--Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 99, 417, Rasmussen II 260, III 105, 250; Teheulche (Patagonian): Alexander Lat. Am. 336; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 93, 233.

D1840.1. D1840.1. Magic invulnerability of saints. (Cf. Q162, V228.) *Toldo IV 84.--Irish myth: *Cross.

D1840.1.1. D1840.1.1. Magic invulnerability of saint enables him to break poisonous snakes in bare hands. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1840.1.2. D1840.1.2. Saint invulnerable to poison. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D1840.1.2.1. D1840.1.2.1. Poisoned drink or food made harmless by saint‘s blessing. *Loomis White Magic 57.

D1840.1.3. D1840.1.3. St. Cecilia withstands three blows of beheading sword and lives three days after. *Loomis White Magic 116.

D1840.2. D1840.2. Magic invulnerability of animals. *Loomis White Magic 57; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1840.2.1. D1840.2.1. Invulnerable cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1840.2.2. D1840.2.2. Invulnerable stag. Chinese and Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 182.

D1840.3. D1840.3. Magic invulnerability of ogres. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1841. D1841. Invulnerability from certain things.

D1841.1. D1841.1. Man proof against iron, stone, and wood. Hindu: Tawney I 444; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1841.2. D1841.2. Man proof against boiling water. Type 534.

D1841.2.1. D1841.2.1. Saint kept in boiling water for three days shows no signs of discomfort. *Loomis White Magic 33.

D1841.2.2. D1841.2.2. Bath in boiling oil, pitch, or melted lead does not hurt a saint. *Loomis White Magic 33.

D1841.2.2.1. D1841.2.2.1. Saint placed in boiling oil but uninjured. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1841.3. D1841.3. Burning magically evaded. (Cf. D1656.) Chauvin VI 189 No. 356; Crane Liber de Miraculis 88 No. 15; Gьnter Christliche Legende 234 s.v. “Feuer”; Cosquin Indiens 439ff.; Toldo Studien VI 298; Alphabet No. 308; *Loomis White Magic 114.--Jewish: *Neuman, Spence 51f., Gaster Rabbis 191 No. 28, 185 No. 28; Irish: *Cross, O’suilleabhain 71, Beal XXI 326; Spanish Exempla: Keller; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 311 n. 120.

D1841.3.1. D1841.3.1. Magic animal proof against burning. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1841.3.2. D1841.3.2. Fire does not injure a saint.

D1841.3.2.1. D1841.3.2.1. Fiery furnace as a mean of torture for a saint remains ineffective. *Loomis White Magic 33; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1841.3.2.2. D1841.3.2.2. Saint walks through glowing coals without harm. *Loomis White Magic 33.

D1841.3.2.3. D1841.3.2.3. Red hot iron carried with the bare hands without harm to the saint. *Loomis White Magic 34.

D1841.3.2.3.1. D1841.3.2.3.1. Saint carries fire in hand to warm guests. Irish myth: Cross.

D1841.3.2.4. D1841.3.2.4. Holy maidens carry glowing embers in their chasubles without being burned. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1841.3.3. D1841.3.3. Sacred book or manuscript does not burn in fire. *Loomis White Magic 31f.

D1841.4. D1841.4. Man proof against wet. (Cf. D1524.1, D1540, D1551, D2125, D2151.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1841.4.1. D1841.4.1. Man proof against wet from rain. *Loomis White Magic 39; Irish: Plummer cxxxvii, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 198.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 76.

D1841.4.2. D1841.4.2. Person proof against wet from snow. Irish myth: Cross.

D1841.4.3. D1841.4.3. Walking upon water without wetting the soles or garments. *Loomis White Magic 40.

D1841.4.3.1. D1841.4.3.1. The waters of seas, lakes, and streams turn aside and let the holy man walk through untouched by moisture. (Cf. D1551.) *Loomis White Magic 40.

D1841.4.3.2. D1841.4.3.2. Stones cast in the ocean keep dry. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1841.4.4. D1841.4.4. Rain or snow avoids certain places according to the desire of a saint or monk. *Loomis White Magic 39, 43.

D1841.4.5. D1841.4.5. Whale husband makes wife’s eyes impervious to sea water. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 127.

D1841.5. D1841.5. Invulnerability from weapons. Irish myth: Cross.

D1841.5.1. D1841.5.1. Man proof against weapons. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 26, Rink 335.

D1841.5.1.1. D1841.5.1.1. Invulnerability from hurled stones. Jewish: Neuman.

D1841.5.2. D1841.5.2. Magic animal proof against weapons. Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 262.

D1841.5.3. D1841.5.3. Axe will not cut man, however much he strikes himself. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1841.6. D1841.6. Immunity from drowning. (Cf. F222.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1841.6.1. D1841.6.1. Magic animal proof against drowning. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1841.7. D1841.7. Magic animal proof against hound. Irish myth: Cross.

D1841.8. D1841.8. Man proof against poison. (Cf. D1840.1.2.) Icelandic: Boberg.

D1841.9. D1841.9. Invulnerability from demons. Jewish: Neuman.

D1845. D1845. Invulnerability for limited time.

D1845.1. D1845.1. Invulnerability for single day. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4, 110 n. 1.

D1845.2. D1845.2. Invulnerability only when dressed in certain clothes. (Cf. D1344.) Jewish: Neuman.

D1846. D1846. Attainment of invulnerability. (Cf. D1840.) *Fb “hеrd” I 772b; Icelandic: *Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 125, 138.

D1846.1. D1846.1. Invulnerability by being burned and anointed with magic ointments. (Cf. D1244.) Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Achilleus” I 24, *Grote I 218.

D1846.2. D1846.2. Invulnerability bestowed by many-headed monster. (Cf. B15.1.2.) Zulu: Callaway.

D1846.3. D1846.3. Magic horse renders rider invulnerable. (Cf. B184.1.11.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1846.4. D1846.4. Invulnerability through bathing in dragon‘s blood. *Von Sydow Sigurds Strid med Fеvne 27ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *650A.

D1846.4.1. D1846.4.1. Attainment of invulnerability through magic bath. Icelandic: Boberg.

D1846.5. D1846.5. Invulnerability bestowed by saint. (Cf. V220.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1846.5.1. D1846.5.1. Invulnerability by invoking saint. Irish myth: Cross.

D1846.5.2. D1846.5.2. Pious man in city renders it invulnerable. Jewish: Neuman.

D1846.6. D1846.6. Man killed and restored as invulnerable. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 503.

D1847. D1847. Loss of invulnerability. Irish myth: Cross.

D1847.1. D1847.1. Invulnerability lost if man forgets sweetheart. English: Child I 189f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1850. D1850. Immortality. (Cf. D1346.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1850.1. D1850.1. Immortality useless without eternal youth. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1850.2. D1850.2. Woman changes into an immortal. Chinese: Graham.

D1851. D1851. Immortality bestowed. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 44 n. 1 (Hercules).

D1851.1. D1851.1. Immortality by burning. Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Achilleus” I 24, Frazer Apollodorus II 69 n. 4, I 37 n. (burning and stripping off mortal flesh [Demophon]) *Carl-Martin Edsman Ignis Divinus: Le feu comme moyen de rajeunissement et d’immortalitй (Publications of the New Society of Letters No. 34, Lund, 1949).

D1851.2. D1851.2. Immortality gained from bargain with Death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1851.3. D1851.3. Immortality bestowed by saint. (Cf. V220.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1851.4. D1851.4. Immortality bestowed by Christ. (Cf. V211.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1851.5. D1851.5. Immortality bestowed by deity. Greek: Grote I 174, 284, 287.

D1853. D1853. Immortality exchanged. Wounded Centaur immortal but cannot be cured. He gives away his immortality to Prometheus and is thus allowed to die. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 191 n. 3.

D1853.1. D1853.1. Immortality exchanged for death on alternate days. Greek: Grote I 158.

D1854. D1854. Giant immortal so long as he touches land of his birth. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 44 n. 1.

D1855. D1855. Time of death postponed. (Cf. D1345, D1857.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1855.1. D1855.1. Witch delays person‘s death. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 234.

D1855.2. D1855.2. Death postponed if substitute can be found. Greek: Euripides Alcestis, *Grote I 108; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1855.3. D1855.3. Saint delays person’s death. (Cf. V220.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1855.4. D1855.4. Death can be postponed if man does not break tabu for forty days. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1855.5. D1855.5. Life prolonged a thousand years by traveling six months each year. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1855.6. D1855.6. Death postponed for three generations. Greek: *Grote I 202.

D1856. D1856. Death evaded. Person enters on the next life without dying. Greek: Fox 53 (Amphiaraos); Hebrew: Genesis 5:24, 2 Kings 2:11; U.S.: Baughman.

D1856.1. D1856.1. Hero (saint) taken to Paradise (Heaven) alive.

D1856.1.1. D1856.1.1. “The Two Sorrows of the Kingdom of Heaven”: Elijah and Enoch pass to otherworld without dying. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1856.2. D1856.2. Three Nephites are granted quasi-immortal state by Jesus Christ at time of resurrection. (Cf. V294.) U.S.: Baughman.

D1857. D1857. Magic longevity. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1857.1. D1857.1. Old woman has lived for ages. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1857.2. D1857.2. Two hundred years of unfailing life and happiness offered to warrior by fairy woman in exchange for one day‘s delay of battle. Irish myth: Cross.

D1860. D1860. Magic beautification. BP I 86ff., 99ff., 165ff., 207ff. (Gr. Nos. 11, 13, 21, 24); *Loomis White Magic 80, 82; Cox Cinderella 481 n. 12 (most of references there given).--Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 335; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “beautй”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 527.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 259, (Zuсi): Parsons JAFL XXXI 244 No. 16; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 43 No. 6, (Hottentot): Bleek 76 No. 35.--See also all references to D732 and D733.

D1860.0.1. D1860.0.1. Magic beautification of fairy. (Cf. D732, F234.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1862. D1862. Magic beauty bestowed. Jewish: Neuman.

D1862.1. D1862.1. Magic beauty bestowed by supernatural wife. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 44.

D1862.2. D1862.2. Magic beauty bestowed by saint. Jewish: Neuman.

D1863. D1863. Beautification by stroking (tapping). Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 207.

D1864. D1864. Magic beautification through prayer by saint. (Cf. D1766.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1865. D1865. Beautification by death and resuscitation.

D1865.1. D1865.1. Beautification by decapitation and replacement of head. *Type 531.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 503.

D1865.2. D1865.2. Beautification by boiling and resuscitation. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 156 n. 2 (Pelops); N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 258.

D1865.2.1. D1865.2.1. Girl becomes more beautiful as she is burned but her brother, who loves her incestuously, turns to charcoal. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1865.3. D1865.3. Face of pious girl becomes angelic at death. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 115.

D1866. D1866. Other means of beautification.

D1866.1. D1866.1. Beautification by bathing. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 70 No. 531; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 216; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 159, 161; Tonga: Gifford 186; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 388.

D1866.2. D1866.2. Beautification by removal of skin. (Cf. D1889.6.) German: Grimm No. 179.

D1866.3. D1866.3. Beautification by fasting. Jewish: Neuman.

D1867. D1867. Magic beautification of house. Irish myth: *Cross; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 40 No. 5.

D1867.1. D1867.1. Hut becomes mansion. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1868. D1868. Magic beautification of animal.

D1868.1. D1868.1. Broken-down nag becomes magnificent riding horse. Type 314.--India: Thompson-Balys.

D1870. D1870. Magic hideousness. (Cf. D1337, D1860, M400.) See references to following motifs: D732, D733, D621.3.--BP I 86ff., 99ff., 165ff., 207ff. (Gr. Nos. 11, 13, 21, 24); *Loomis White Magic 82; Cox Cinderella 481 n. 12. References to BP and to Cox concern motif Q2 (Kind and Unkind) which usually involves magic hideousness.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.--S. A. Indian (Carajб): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 48, (Toba): ibid. 87; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 273.

D1871. D1871. Girl magically made hideous. Irish myth: Cross.

D1872. D1872. Man made hideous.

D1872.1. D1872.1. Handsome man magically made ugly. Irish myth: Cross.

D1873. D1873. Object magically made hideous.

D1873.1. D1873.1. Picture magically made hideous. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1880. D1880. Magic rejuvenation. Irish: Plummer clxxxiv, *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 180; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “vieille”, “rajeunissement”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 31; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 960.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 284 n. 50; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 208, 238.

D1881. D1881. Magic self-rejuvenation. Persian: Carnoy 277.

D1882. D1882. Rejuvenation by supernatural person. Irish myth: Cross.

D1882.1. D1882.1. Rejuvenation by saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1882.2. D1882.2. Rejuvenation by fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1883. D1883. Eternal youth. (Cf. F167.9, F172.) Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 424, 447.

D1884. D1884. Rejuvenation by dismemberment. (Cf. D1885.1.) *Dh II 154; BP III 198 n. 3; Gaster Thespis 266, 300.

D1885. D1885. Rejuvenation by boiling. (Cf. D1865.) *Fb “ungdom” III 979ab.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “rajeunissement”; Greek: Fox 114, Frazer Apollodorus I 121 n. 4.

D1885.1. D1885.1. Rejuvenation by dismemberment and boiling. (Cf. D1884.) Girard de Rialle RTP I 74; *Fb “ungdom” III 979ab; Greek: Grote I 110.

D1886. D1886. Rejuvenation by burning. *Type 753; *BP III 198 (Gr. No. 147); *FB “ungdom” III 979; *Dh II 154, 162ff., 288; *Bolte Herrigs Archiv CII 241--266, CIV 355; Kцhler-Bolte I 298; *Carl-Martin Edsman Ignis Divinus: Le feu comme moyen de rajeunissement et d‘immortalitй (Publications of the New Society of Letters No. 34, Lund 1949).--Icelandic: Ritterhaus 338; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “four”; German: Hartung Zs. f. Vksk. VII 89, Piger ibid. X 84; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 121 n. 4; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1886.1. D1886.1. Rejuvenation by burning and throwing bones into tub of milk. (Cf. D1338.4.) England: Child I 507b.

D1887. D1887. Rejuvenation by bathing. Irish myth: *Cross; Hindu: Keith 87, 141.

D1889. D1889. Miscellaneous means of rejuvenation.

D1889.1. D1889.1. Rejuvenation by reading in book. (Cf. D1266.) Fb “ungdom” III 979b.

D1889.2. D1889.2. Rejuvenation by looking into mirror. (Cf. D1163.) Fb “ungdom” III 979b.

D1889.3. D1889.3. Rejuvenation by song of pelican. (Cf. D1275.) Fb “ungdom” III 979b.

D1889.4. D1889.4. Rejuvenation by smelling apple. (Cf. D981.1, D1338.3.1.) Fb “ungdom” III 979b.

D1889.5. D1889.5. Rejuvenation by going to other world and having digestive tract removed. Chinese: Hartland Science 178.

D1889.6. D1889.6. Rejuvenation by changing skin. Penzer IX 48 n.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 227; Africa (Congo): Grenfell (Baluba) 814f., (Wachaga): Gutman 120.

D1889.7. D1889.7. Rejuvenation by being reborn. Man in fish form eaten and reborn. (Cf. T511.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1889.8. D1889.8. Rejuvenation by riding surf. Marquesas: Beckwith Myth 502, Handy 60.

D1889.9. D1889.9. Rejuvenation by drinking from magic horn. Irish myth: Cross.

D1889.10. D1889.10. Rejuvenation by conjuring. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 272, 322, III 248, Rink 238.

D1889.11. D1889.11. Rejuvenation by jumping over cliff. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 403.

D1890. D1890. Magic aging. (Cf. D1857.) Fb “ungdom” III 979b; *Loomis White Magic 80; Penzer I 137.--Irish: Plummer clxxiv, *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “vieux”; Estonian: Hartland Science 201; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 284 n. 50b.

D1891. D1891. Transformation to old man to escape recognition. Icelandic: FSS 27, Boberg; Maori: Dixon 60; Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 80.

D1895. D1895. Magic aging by bathing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1896. D1896. Magic aging by contact with earth after otherworld journey. Fb “jord” II 46a; Hartland Science 197ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; England, Wales: Baughman.

D1897. D1897. Youngest of the three Magi becomes the senior through power of the Savior. Irish myth: Cross.

D1900. D1900. Love induced by magic. (Cf. D1355, D1825.1.2.) *Type 580; Kittredge Witchcraft 104ff nn. 1--22 passim; Malory Morte Darthur VIII 1; K. Reuschel “Die Sage vom Liebeszauber Karls des Grossen in dichterischen Behandlungen der Neuzeit” (Philolog. u. volkskundliche Arbeiten K. Vollmцller dargeboten, 1908, pp. 371ff.); Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 243; Crane Miraculis 389ff. No. 34.--India: Thompson-Balys; Penzer II 43; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 77; Cherokee: Mooney RBAE XIX 259 No. 12; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1900.0.1. D1900.0.1. Love purified by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D1900.1. D1900.1. Favor with royalty induced by magic. *Kittredge Witchcraft 108 nn. 32--48 passim; Heptameron No. 1; England: Baughman.

D1901. D1901. Witches induce love. *Kittredge Witchcraft 30, 382 nn. 52--54.--England: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D1903. D1903. Power of inducing love given by animals. (Cf. B500.) India: Thompson-Balys; Pawnee: Dorsey CI LIX 301 No. 83.

D1904. D1904. Love-compelling man sickens of bargain. A man given the power of making all women love him is smothered to death by them. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 277 n. 19a.

D1905. D1905. Means of inducing love. (Cf. D1355ff.)

D1905.1. D1905.1. Girl’s heart magically removed and fed to man draws her to him. Cherokee: Mooney RBAE XIX 278 No. 30.

D1905.2. D1905.2. Apple divided and eaten as love charm. (Cf. D1355.7.) *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Baum”.

D1905.3. D1905.3. Love by curse. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D1908. D1908. Love lost by magic.

D1908.1. D1908.1. Husband’s love magically turns to hatred. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1910. D1910. Magic memory. Penzer I 12 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1910.0.1. D1910.0.1. Book written by man with marvelous memory. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1911. D1911. Person remembers all he has ever learned. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1920. D1920. Other permanent magic characteristics.

D1921. D1921. Magic carrying power of voice. Irish: Plummer clxxii, *Cross; England, U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: Neuman.

D1922. D1922. Magic power of hearing. Irish: Plummer clxxi, *Cross.

D1923. D1923. Power to hit whatever one aims at. Fb “friskytte” I 373; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1924. D1924. Magic immunity from fatigue. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1925. D1925. Fecundity magically induced. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1925.1. D1925.1. Barrenness removed by eating or drinking. *Hartland Paternity I 30ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1925.2. D1925.2. Barrenness removed by bathing. *Hartland Paternity I 77ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

D1925.3. D1925.3. Barrenness removed by prayer. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1925.4. D1925.4. Barrenness removed by saint‘s blessing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1926. D1926. Craftsmanship magically bestowed by saint. (Cf. D1713, D1722.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1927. D1927. Appetite magically diminished. (Cf. V221.10.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1931. D1931. Hate induced by magic. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1932. D1932. Druids can pass through trees. (Cf. F694.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1933. D1933. Magic power of lighting empty lamp by breathing on it used for divination. (Cf. D1311.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1935. D1935. Any work touched automatically done.

D1936. D1936. Magic fleetness of foot.

D1936.1. D1936.1. Donning skin makes woman fleet. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 156.

D1950--D2049.

D1950--D2049. TEMPORARY MAGIC CHARACTERISTICS

D1960. D1960. Magic sleep. *Type 410; *BP I 440, III 261; *Fb “sove” III 472b. Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 35(a), Beal XXI 312; Icelandic: Panzer Sigfrid 113ff., Krappe Scandinavian Studies X (1928) 14--25, *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 236; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 144; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 428, Rasmussen I 310, 367, II 168, 197.

D1960.1. D1960.1. Seven sleepers. (Rip Van Winkle.) Magic sleep extending over many years. **Huber Die Wanderlegende von den Siebenschlдfern; Type 763*; *Chauvin VII 102 No. 376; *Hartland Science 173ff.; *Frazer Pausanias II 121; Alphabet No. 283; *Loomis White Magic 115.--Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 No. 163; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: cf. Thompson Tales 314 No. 143.

D1960.1.1. D1960.1.1. Mighty sleeper. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1960.2. D1960.2. Kyffhдuser. King asleep in mountain (Barbarossa, King Marko, Holger Danske, etc.) will awake one day to succor his people. *BP III 460; *Feilberg Danske Studier (1920) 97ff.; **Weltig Der Sagenkreis des Kyffhдusers (Bremen, 1891); *Wehrhan Die Sage 47ff.; *Hartland Science 170ff.; *Krappe “Die Sage vom Kцnig im Berge” (Mitt. d. schles. Gesell. f. Volkskunde XXX (1935) 76--102).--Celtic: MacCulloch Celtic 15, 180; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3595; Armenian: Ananikian 34; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 327; India: Thompson-Balys, Keith 173.

D1960.2.1. D1960.2.1. King asleep in mountain will awake when his horse‘s shoes are worn down. Every seven years the horse goes around the castle. He must wear his half-inch silver shoes to thinness of cat’s ear before the king awakes. Howey 9.

D1960.3. D1960.3. Sleeping Beauty. Magic sleep for definite period (e.g., a hundred years). *Type 410; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1960.4. D1960.4. Deathlike sleep. Jewish: Neuman.

D1961. D1961. Sleepless watcher magically put to sleep. Usually has a magic watchful eye, which remains awake while his many other eyes sleep. (Argus). *Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4; Kцhler-Bolte I 101; *Fb “шje” III 1166.

D1962. D1962. Means of inducing magic sleep. (Cf. D1364.)

D1962.1. D1962.1. Magic sleep through curse. *Type 410.

D1962.2. D1962.2. Magic sleep by lousing. Picking the lice from the head of an old person or an ogre is used to put him to sleep. *Type 300; Hartland Perseus III 211; *Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 62 (to Gonzenbach No. 9).--English: Child V 487 s.v. “lousing”; India: Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 2 No. 1a; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 326 n. 174; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 364; Africa (Thonga): Junod 226.

D1962.3. D1962.3. Magic sleep by hairdressing. Head laid on another’s lap. *Cox Cinderella 498 n. 34; MacCulloch Childhood 31; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Dakota): Schoolcraft Hiawatha 184.

D1962.3.1. D1962.3.1. Magic sleep brought on by combing hero‘s hair lasts six months. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1962.4. D1962.4. Magic sleep by hypnotic suggestion. MacCulloch Childhood 33.

D1962.4.1. D1962.4.1. Lulling to sleep by “sleepy” stories (songs). N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 162, (Bella Coola): Boas JE I 98.

D1962.4.2. D1962.4.2. Song (crуnбn) used to lull children to sleep. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1962.5. D1962.5. Snakes put to sleep by music on harp. (Cf. B765, D1275.1.) Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 39 (37), Boberg.

D1962.6. D1962.6. Magic sleep from breaking tabu.

D1962.6.1. D1962.6.1. Magic sleep when hero breaks fruit open too soon. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1964. D1964. Magic sleep induced by certain person.

D1964.1. D1964.1. Savage elephant lulled to sleep by virgin. Penzer III 172. (Cf. B13.1.)

D1964.2. D1964.2. Magic sleep induced by disappointed suitor. BP III 261.

D1964.3. D1964.3. Magic sleep induced by abductor. (Cf. K1349.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1964.4. D1964.4. Magic sleep induced by druid. (Cf. D1711.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1964.5. D1964.5. Magic sleep induced by saint. (Cf. V220.) *Loomis White Magic 129.

D1964.6. D1964.6. Magic sleep induced by deity. Greek: Homer Iliad II 395, Odyssey XVIII 191.

D1965. D1965. Guardian magically made to sleep while girl goes to lover. (Cf. K1349.4, T30.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1965.1. D1965.1. Guardian magically made to sleep while lover visits maiden. Irish myth: Cross.

D1967. D1967. Person in magic sleep surrounded by protecting fire. BP I 440; *Panzer Sigfrid 281 s.v. “Waberlohe”.

D1967.1. D1967.1. Person in magic sleep surrounded by protecting hedge. Type 410; German: Grimm Nos. 3, 50.

D1971. D1971. Three-fold magic sleep. Husband (lover) put to sleep by false bride. Only on the third night (the last chance) he wakes. *Types 303, 313; BP II 51, 273; Cox Cinderella 481.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61 No 445A.

D1978.4. D1978.4. Hero wakened from magic sleep by wife who has purchased place in his bed from false bride.

D1972. D1972. Lover‘s magic sleep at rendezvous. A lover (husband) is to meet his mistress but magically oversleeps. *Type 400; Chauvin V 145 No. 71 n. 1; *Fb “sove” III 472b; *Dickson 94 n. 78; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 172 No. 138; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1973. D1973. Magic sleep: in order to sleep off period of enchantment. India: Thompson-Balys.

D1975. D1975. Dragon-fighter’s magic sleep. While waiting for fight with dragon, hero falls into magic sleep. (Cf. D1962.2.) *Type 300; *Hartland Perseus III 211.--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 20; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1976. D1976. Experiences during magic sleep.

D1976.1. D1976.1. Transportation during magic sleep. Dickson 223; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Homer Odyssey XVIII 121; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1976.2. D1976.2. Future spouse met during magic sleep. Irish myth: *Cross.

D1978. D1978. Waking from sleep.

D1978.1. D1978.1. Waking from magic sleep by cutting off finger. Type 300; *Hartland Perseus III 211f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1978.2. D1978.2. Waking from magic sleep by letting tear fall on sleeper. Type 300; *Hartland Perseus III 211.

D1978.3. D1978.3. Waking from magic sleep by removal of enchanting instrument. BP I 436; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 354; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1978.4. D1978.4. Hero wakened from magic sleep by wife who has purchased place in his bed from false bride. (Cf. D1971.) Cox Cinderella 481; Type 313; BP II 51, 273; Indonesia: DeVries’ list No. 176.

D1978.5. D1978.5. Waking from magic sleep by kiss. *Type 410.

D1980. D1980. Magic invisibility. *Type 306; *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 214; *Chauvin VII 39 No. 212B, 103 No. 377; *Loomis White Magic 51; *Fb “usynlig”; Penzer VIII 36f.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 65, 208, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 189; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “invisibilitй”; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Keith 152; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 49, 109f., 134 No. 92.--Africa (Zulu): Callavay 223, (Fang): Trilles 269.

D1981. D1981. Certain persons invisible. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D1981.1. D1981.1. Magic invisibility of gods. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 55, *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D1981.2. D1981.2. Magic invisibility of saints. (Cf. V229.8.) *Toldo IV 80; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

D1981.3. D1981.3. Magic invisibility of druids. (Cf. D1711.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1981.4. D1981.4. Magic invisibility of ogre. (Cf. G301.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D1981.5. D1981.5. Magic invisibility of priests. Jewish: Neuman.

D1981.6. D1981.6. Magic invisibility of angels. Jewish: Neuman.

D1982. D1982. Certain objects invisible.

D1982.1. D1982.1. Magic door invisible to women. *Chauvin VI 134 No. 286 n. 2.

D1982.2. D1982.2. Ship made invisible. Kittredge Witchcraft 46, 399 n. 176.

D1982.3. D1982.3. Chariot made invisible. Irish myth: Cross.

D1982.4. D1982.4. Food and drink appear and disappear in otherworld. (Cf. D1030, D1040.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D1982.5. D1982.5. Boat made invisible. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 293.

D1983. D1983. Invisibility conferred on person.

D1983.1. D1983.1. Invisibility conferred by a god. (Cf. A180.) Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 127 (Paris).

D1983.2. D1983.2. Invisibility conferred by fairy. (Cf. D1723.) Irish myth: Cross.

D1985. D1985. Means of acquiring invisibility. Penzer I 136, VI 149 n. 1.

D1985.1. D1985.1. Invisibility by scarification. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 212 No. 31.

D1985.2. D1985.2. Invisibility by reciting formula backwards. *Penzer VI 149 n. 1.

D2000. D2000. Magic forgetfulness. *Cox Cinderella 511; *Kittredge Witchcraft 55, 406 nn. 241, 242.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oubli”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 457, Rasmussen III 145.

D2003. D2003. Forgotten fiancйe. Young husband visiting his home breaks tabu and forgets his wife. Later she succeeds in reawakening his memory. (For details of the ways in which the memory is lost and regained see D2004 and D2006.--*Type 313C, 425; Tegethoff 50ff.; *BP I 442, II 56, 527, III 338, 406, 443 (Gr. Nos. 56, 67, 113, 186, 193, 198); Cox Cinderella 511; *Fb “brud” IV 65a; Jiriczek Der Vergessenheitstrank in der Niebelungensage (Zs. f. vgl. Littgsch. N. F. VII 49): Kцhler-Bolte I 169.--English: Child I 461 and note; Icelandic: *Boberg; Korean: Zong in-Sob 25; American Indian (European borrowings): Thompson CColl II 343, 367--371 (Micmac, New Mexican Spanish, Thompson River, Chilcotin), (cf. Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 91 No. 5.

D2003.1. D2003.1. Husband magically forgets wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2004. D2004. Means of bringing about magic forgetfulness.

D2004.1. D2004.1. Curse of forgetfulness. *Cox Cinderella 512; Kцhler-Bolte I 170.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D2004.2. D2004.2. Kiss of forgetfulness. *Type 313; *Cox Cinderella 511 and practically all references given under D2003 (Forgotten Fiancйe); *Fb “kys” II 349.--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D2004.2.1. D2004.2.1. Dog‘s licking of man produces forgetfulness. Fb “glemme”.

D2004.3. D2004.3. Forgetfulness by eating. Fb “glemme” I 462, “spise” III 495.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2004.3.1. D2004.3.1. Forgetfulness by drinking. Herrmann Saxo II 590.--Africa (Fjort): Dennett 36 No. 4.

D2004.4. D2004.4. Forgetfulness by spitting. Greek: Fox 63 (Polydos).

D2004.5. D2004.5. Forgetting by stumbling. A name or formula is magically forgotten when one stumbles (or jumps). Type 1687*.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nom”; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1687; Russian: Andrejev No. 1687*; India: Thompson--Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109g; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 114, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 394 No. 18.

D2004.5.1. D2004.5.1. Forgetting by stepping over log. Papua: Ker 36.

D2004.6. D2004.6. Magic forgetting of wife when husband removes shirt she has given him. Fb “glemme” I 462.

D2004.7. D2004.7. Forgetfulness from fright. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2004.8. D2004.8. Forgetfulness by mourning. Jewish: Neuman.

D2004.9. D2004.9. Forgetfulness caused by specific place. Jewish: Neuman.

D2004.9.1. D2004.9.1. Forgetfulness caused by Tower of Babel. (Cf. F772.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D2004.10. D2004.10. Barking of brazen dogs causes forgetfulness. (Cf. D1620.) Jewish: Neuman.

D2006. D2006. Magic reawakening of memory. (Cf. D1360, D1910.) Irish: Plummer lxxx, Cross.

D2006.1. D2006.1. Forgotten fiancйe reawakens husband’s memory.

D2006.1.1. D2006.1.1. Forgotten fiancйe reawakens husband’s memory by detaining lovers through magic. Heroine takes up residence near home of her forgetful husband. She is apparently going to permit a lover to sleep with her when she detains him by having him try to place some magic birds on their roost. They continue to fall down throughout the night. (Or the lover is left magically sticking to a calf‘s tail or other object.) The thwarted lover tells of his experience, and in this way the attention of the husband is gained. *Type 313; Tegethoff 50; *BP II 231 n. 1; *Cosquin Lorraine II 28; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Thompson River: Thompson CColl II 372 (European borrowing).

D2006.1.2. D2006.1.2. Forgotten fiancйe reawakens husband’s memory by serving as milkmaid and talking to calf. *Type 313; BP III 339 (Gr. 186).

D2006.1.3. D2006.1.3. Forgotten fiancйe reawakens husband‘s memory by having magic doves converse. *Type 313; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 65; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2006.1.4. D2006.1.4. Forgotten fiancйe buys place in husband’s bed and reawakens his memory. *Types 313, 425; *BP II 234ff., 527 n. 2; Tegethoff 52f.--Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 165.

D2006.1.5. D2006.1.5. Forgotten fiancйe attracts attention by magically stopping wedding carriage of new bride. *Type 313; BP II 517 (incident G).

D2006.1.6. D2006.1.6. Forgotten fiancйe remembered by means of doll. *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 221.

D2006.1.7. D2006.1.7. Forgotten fiancйe remembered by means of bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2006.1.8. D2006.1.8. Piece of wood revives memory. (Cf. D956.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D2006.1.9. D2006.1.9. Forgotten wife remembered by seeing her initials. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2006.1.10. D2006.1.10. Forgotten wife gives food to beggar: husband‘s memory reawakened. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 527.

D2006.2. D2006.2. Sight of old home reawakens memory and brings about return from other world. Hartland Science 200.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 193; *Thompson Star Husband; Melanesia: Codrington 365.

D2006.2.1. D2006.2.1. Longing of human child of sky-mother to visit father on earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2011. D2011. Years thought days. (Cf. F379.5.) Years spent in the other world or asleep seem as days because of magic forgetfulness. *Type 470; *Fb “tid” III 790a; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 561, 562; *Kцhler-Bolte II 224ff., 406ff.; *Hartland Science 162ff.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 116, 119, 181f., *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “temps”; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101; Scottish: McKay Bealoideas III 138; English: Child V 290a; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *472; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 299, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 459; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 143.

D2011.1. D2011.1. Years seem moments while man listens to song of bird. **Hammerich Munken og Fuglen (Kшbenhavn, 1933); *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 562; *Herbert III 67; Longfellow “The Golden Legend”; Hartland Science 188f.--Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 104; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 472A*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 471*; Russian: Andrejev Ukazatel’ Skazochnik No. 471.

D2011.1.1. D2011.1.1. Day seems moment while saint listens to music made by bird’s wing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2011.1.2. D2011.1.2. Three days and three nights seem one hour as saint preaches. (Cf. Z71.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2011.2. D2011.2. Two friars perceive no passing of time from Shrovetide till following Easter while they talk of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

D2011.3. D2011.3. Years are as moments to creator. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2012. D2012. Moments thought years. In a moment a person seems to experience events of many years. Hartland Science 226f.; Wesselski Mдrchen 255 No. 65; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV (1933) 114f., Scandinavian Studies 19 (1947) 217--224; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2012.1. D2012.1. King in the bath; years of experience in a moment. This illusion takes place when the king puts his head under water. *Chauvin VII 106 No. 94; Penzer VII 244ff.; Hartland Science 225ff.

D2012.2. D2012.2. Wizard gives man the illusion that he has been away twenty (forty) years. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D2020. D2020. Magic dumbness. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “muet”; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 154.

D2021. D2021. Causes of magic dumbness.

D2021.1. D2021.1. Dumbness as curse. *Type 710; *BP I 21; Tawney I 5.

D2025. D2025. Magic recovery of speech.

D2025.0.1. D2025.0.1. Magic (loss and) recovery of speech. Irish myth: Cross.

D2025.1. D2025.1. Speech magically recovered on execution stake. Type 710.

D2025.2. D2025.2. Speech magically recovered when certain bird is caught. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 80.

D2025.3. D2025.3. Speech magically recovered when third person guesses secret transaction. Tawney I 5.

D2025.4. D2025.4. Dumbness magically cured by astonishment. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 224 No. 33.

D2025.5. D2025.5. Speech magically recovered on Hallowe‘en. (Cf. V70.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2030. D2030. Other temporary magic characteristics.

D2031. D2031. Magic illusion. *BP III 203; *Loomis White Magic 51; Irish myth: *Cross; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1900) 426ff., (1936) 193ff., Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 93, *Boberg.

D2031.0.1. D2031.0.1. Saints cause illusions. Irish: Plummer clix, clxix, *Cross.

D2031.0.2. D2031.0.2. Fairies cause illusions. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2031.0.3. D2031.0.3. Magic illusion dissipated by sign of the cross. Irish myth: Cross.

D2031.0.4. D2031.0.4. Druids cause illusions. (Cf. D2031.4.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2031.0.5. D2031.0.5. Giantess’ punishment is pure illusion. Icelandic: Egils saga og Asm. 58, Boberg.

D2031.1. D2031.1. Magician makes people lift garments to avoid wetting in imaginary river. *BP III 203; Dickson 222 n. 18; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1900) 426ff; FSS 22--23, Boberg; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 137 No. 103; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 51 No. 99.

D2031.1.2. D2031.1.2. People swim in imaginary rising river. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2031.2. D2031.2. Thread made to appear as a large log carried by a cock. *BP III 203.

D2031.3. D2031.3. Pursued animal runs through imaginary river. Dickson 222 n. 17.

D2031.4. D2031.4. Hideous person magically makes self seem beautiful. Malone PMLA XLIII 417.

D2031.4.1. D2031.4.1. Druid makes self appear ugly on one side, beautiful on other. (Cf. D2031.0.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2031.4.2. D2031.4.2. Magician appears as swineherd, dwarf, and giant in order to seduce queen and scorns her later in the same shapes. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2031.4.3. D2031.4.3. Magician appears as beggar or old man in order to free prisoners. Icelandic: FSS 22--23, Boberg.

D2031.5. D2031.5. Man magically made to believe himself bishop, archbishop, and pope. When he continues to refuse payment to the magician, the latter shows him the reality. *Chauvin II 151 No. 11.

D2031.6. D2031.6. Magic illusion as protection.

D2031.6.1. D2031.6.1. Man made to appear to pursuers as woman carrying babe. Irish myth: Cross.

D2031.6.2. D2031.6.2. Son made to appear to pursuers as spinning wheel, buck, and hog. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2031.6.3. D2031.6.3. Lonesome wife scares robbers by making it appear that her husband is at home. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2031.6.4. D2031.6.4. Pursuers confused in other ways by magic illusion. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2031.7. D2031.7. Horse made to appear as tree-trunk. Irish myth: Cross.

D2031.8. D2031.8. Armies separated with illusion that each has won object of contention. Irish myth: Cross.

D2031.9. D2031.9. Enemy‘s last arrow made to appear crooked so that he does not use it, and adversary gets time to kill him. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2031.10. D2031.10. Spear made to appear as a reed in order to kill treacherously. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2031.11. D2031.11. Illusive fire stops men. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 452--53, (1931) 310--11; Icelandic: Boberg.

D2031.12. D2031.12. Sea water made to behave like solid earth. Irish myth: Cross.

D2031.13. D2031.13. Magic rath always seems distant, never near. Irish myth: Cross.

D2031.14. D2031.14. Illusion: mountains seem to be fighting. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2031.15. D2031.15. Goat appears to be two every time man aims. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2031.16. D2031.16. Vision of food arises to tempt fasting women. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2031.17. D2031.17. Storm appears to be island. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 622.

D2031.18. D2031.18. Person appears to be in several places at once. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 141.

D2032. D2032. Magic avoidance of fatigue. (Cf. D1924.) *Fb “hest” I 600.

D2033. D2033. Thirst magically caused to disappear. (Cf. D1349.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2034. D2034. Crying induced by magic as trick to force child’s mother. Icelandic: Egils saga Einhenda 66, *Boberg.

D2035. D2035. Magic heaviness. Loomis White Magic 49.

D2036. D2036. Magic homesickness. Greek: Homer Odyssey XV 66, Iliad III 139.

D2038. D2038. Animal becomes magically larger.

D2038.1. D2038.1. Centipede becomes large enough to kill demon. Chinese: Graham.

D2050--D2099.

D2050--D2099. DESTRUCTIVE MAGIC POWERS

D2050. D2050. Destructive magic power.

D2060. D2060. Death or bodily injury by magic. (Cf. C920f., D1207.1, D1400, D2089.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2061. D2061. Magic murder. (Cf. D1402.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115, 120.

D2061.1. D2061.1. Kinds of death produced by magic. (Cf. D1896.)

D2061.1.1. D2061.1.1. Person magically reduced to ashes. (Cf. D1896.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer IV 232, 244; Chauvin V 16 n. 2, 293.

D2061.1.1.1. D2061.1.1.1. Person magically reduced to pile of bones. Jewish: Neuman.

D2061.1.2. D2061.1.2. Persons magically caused to dance selves to death. Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 66.

D2061.1.3. D2061.1.3. Poisoning by magic. *Kittredge Witchcraft 136ff., 457f. nn. 1--29 passim; Irish myth: *Cross; England, U.S.: Baughman.

D2061.1.4. D2061.1.4. Persons magically made to decay and die. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2061.1.5. D2061.1.5. Plague magically invoked. Irish myth: Cross.

D2061.2. D2061.2. Means employed in magic murder.

D2061.2.1. D2061.2.1. Death-giving glance. (Cf. F555.7.) Hartland Perseus III 59f.; *Krappe Balor 1ff.; Penzer II 298, IV 232, VIII 75 n. 1; Chauvin V 16 n. 2, 293; Gaster Rabbis 225 No. 203.--Greek: Fox 35 (Gorgon); Irish myth: *Cross; England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Persian: Carnoy 336; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 344 n. 242, (Calif): Gayton and Newman 92; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 65.

D2061.2.1.1. D2061.2.1.1. Evil eye sets bird on fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2061.2.2. D2061.2.2. Murder by sympathetic magic. An object or an animal is abused or destroyed to bring about the death of a person. *Cox Cinderella 491; Herbert III 200; Oesterley No. 102; *Kittredge Witchcraft 73ff., 411ff. nn. 1--171; Irish myth: Cross; Heptameron No. 1.

D2061.2.2.1. D2061.2.2.1. Person whose shadow is pierced by spear falls dead. Irish myth: Cross.

D2061.2.2.2. D2061.2.2.2. Spell chanted over person‘s shadow brings death. Irish myth: Cross.

D2061.2.2.3. D2061.2.2.3. Murder by abuse or destruction of image. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2061.2.2.4. D2061.2.2.4. Body of victim abused.

D2061.2.2.4.1. D2061.2.2.4.1. Hair of victim burned, causing his death. England: Baughman.

D2061.2.2.5. D2061.2.2.5. Murder by abuse of clothing of victim.

D2061.2.2.5.1. D2061.2.2.5.1. Murder by boiling gloves of victim. England: Baughman.

D2061.2.2.6. D2061.2.2.6. Candle burned causes victim to waste away. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2061.2.2.7. D2061.2.2.7. Animals abused or destroyed to cause death of person. England: *Baughman.

D2061.2.2.8. D2061.2.2.8. Miscellaneous objects abused to cause death.

D2061.2.2.8.1. D2061.2.2.8.1. Needle, placed under hearth, burns and causes death of victim. U.S.: Baughman.

D2061.2.3. D2061.2.3. Murder by pointing. (Cf. D2069.1.1.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 345 n. 242a, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 56, Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 114, 240, 246.

D2061.2.4. D2061.2.4. Death by cursing. Irish myth: *Cross; Hebrew: 2 Kings 2:24, Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg; Eskimo: Kroeber JAFL XII 173, Turner RBAE XI 262.

D2061.2.4.1. D2061.2.4.1. Death in sin (damnation) by cursing. (Cf. E752.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2061.2.4.2. D2061.2.4.2. Curse of clergy causes man to die of wound. Irish myth: Cross.

D2061.2.5. D2061.2.5. Hunter reduced to ashes by power of heroine‘s chastity. (Cf. D2061.1.1.) Penzer IV 244.

D2061.2.6. D2061.2.6. Person killed by spike magically made to appear on chair. Irish myth: Cross.

D2061.2.7. D2061.2.7. Murder by showing man caul with which he was born. Irish myth: Cross.

D2061.2.8. D2061.2.8. Horse made to hang himself on gate by magic. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D2061.2.9. D2061.2.9. Breathing on enemy drives him onto knife. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 36.

D2062. D2062. Maiming by magic. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2062.1. D2062.1. Heart removed by magic. Penzer I 129.

D2062.2. D2062.2. Blinding by magic. Irish myth: *Cross; German: Grimm No. 135; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2062.2.1. D2062.2.1. Blinding by curse. (Cf. M431.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2062.2.1.1. D2062.2.1.1. Person suffers from “crookedness in his eye” as result of curse. Irish myth: Cross.

D2062.2.2. D2062.2.2. Sight of holy person causes blindness. Jewish: Neuman.

D2062.2.3. D2062.2.3. Person caused to squint as punishment. Irish myth: Cross.

D2062.2.4. D2062.2.4. Enemies magically caused to lose sight of each other while hunting. Irish myth: Cross (D1981.4).

D2062.2.5. D2062.2.5. Magic blindness by snake bite. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2062.2.6. D2062.2.6. When certain thief coughs, watchmen become blind. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2062.3. D2062.3. Flesh magically does not regrow. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

D2062.4. D2062.4. Magic mutilation: sexual organs.

D2062.4.1. D2062.4.1. Bride enchanted by witch loses her sexual organs. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D2062.4.2. D2062.4.2. Castration by magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 294.

D2062.5. D2062.5. Magic mutilation: temporary growths on person. (Cf. D1375.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 39, 62, 701.

D2063. D2063. Magic discomfort. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2063.1. D2063.1. Tormenting by magic. England: *Baughman.

D2063.1.1. D2063.1.1. Tormenting by sympathetic magic. Person (usually witch) tormented by abusing an animal or object. The usual methods of abuse are burning or sticking with pins. *Kittredge Witchcraft 97ff., 429ff. nn. 173--239 passim; England, U.S.: *Baughman; Feilberg DF X 165ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2063.2. D2063.2. Magic restlessness in bed. Fb “seng” III 187b.

D2063.3. D2063.3. Magic insatiable thirst. (Cf. D1373.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 105.

D2063.3.1. D2063.3.1. Druids cause magic thirst. (Cf. P427.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2063.3.1.1. D2063.3.1.1. Saints cause magic thirst. Irish myth: Cross.

D2063.4. D2063.4. Magic scratching (itching). Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2063.5. D2063.5. Magic discomfort: continued breaking of wind. (Cf. D2079.1, G303.6.2.15.1.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

D2063.6. D2063.6. Man magically made to bark like dog. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 32.

D2064. D2064. Magic sickness. (Cf. D1837.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 458, 467, Rasmussen III 67, 292.

D2064.0.1. D2064.0.1. Magic love-sickness. (Cf. D1355.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2064.0.2. D2064.0.2. Magic heart-sickness. Jewish: Neuman.

D2064.0.3. D2064.0.3. Magic pestilence. Jewish: Neuman.

D2064.1. D2064.1. Magic sickness because girl has thrown away her consecrated wafer. (Cf. C55, C940.1.) *Type 613; *BP I 322 n. 1; Irish: O‘suilleabhain 27, Beal XXI 308.

D2064.2. D2064.2. Sickness of princess dependent on witch’s fire. When fire is high, princess is very sick. Princess recovers when fire is put out. (Cf. D2065.4.) Kцhler-Bolte I 335.

D2064.3. D2064.3. Sickness transferred to animal. Fb “sygdom” III 609b; England: Baughman.

D2064.4. D2064.4. Magic sickness because of Evil Eye. (Cf. D2071.) Fb “sygdom” III 700a, “overse” II 771a; England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2064.5. D2064.5. Magic sickness from curse. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 372.

D2064.6. D2064.6. Magic sickness from wounding sick person. Irish myth: Cross.

D2064.7. D2064.7. Magic sickness from bit of weapon left in head. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2064.8. D2064.8. Magic sickness by making fruit plant dry and shrivel. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2065. D2065. Magic insanity. (Cf. D2161.3.8.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 30, *382 n. 51, 124ff., 449f. nn. 1--23 passim; Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index 3512; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 167, 259, 368, 445.

D2065.1. D2065.1. Madness from demonic possession. Kittredge Witchcraft 124ff., 449f. nn. 1--23 passim; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2065.2. D2065.2. Insanity from seeing strange sight. Fb “vild” III 1052a.

D2065.2.1. D2065.2.1. Magic insanity caused by hearing strange sound. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2065.3. D2065.3. Druids bereave men of senses. (Cf. P427.) Irish: Plummer clix, *Cross.

D2065.4. D2065.4. Insanity of princess dependent on height of fire. (Cf. D2064.2.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 60 No. 435*.

D2065.5. D2065.5. Insanity because of Evil Eye. (Cf. D2071.) Fb “шje” III 1167b.

D2065.6. D2065.6. Person abducted by Echo crazed and dumb. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2065.7. D2065.7. Insanity from curse. Irish myth: Cross.

D2066. D2066. Elfshot. (F360.) Magic shooting of small objects into a person‘s (or animal’s) body. Kittredge Witchcraft 133, 453ff. nn. 62--82 passim; *Fb “skud” III 333b, “ellefolk” I 241b.--Irish myth: Cross; England, Ireland: *Baughman.

D2066.1. D2066.1. Elves get stones from fairies who get them from mermaids. The devil does the finishing work on the stones. England: Baughman.

D2069. D2069. Death or bodily injury by magic--miscellaneous.

D2069.1. D2069.1. Person magically caused to fall.

D2069.1.1. D2069.1.1. Person made to fall down by pointing at door. (Cf. D2061.2.3.) Chinese: Graham.

D2069.2. D2069.2. People magically compelled to bend arm. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 501.

D2070. D2070. Bewitching. (Cf. D5, G200.) **Kittredge Witchcraft.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Ynglinga saga 29, Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 200.

D2070.1. D2070.1. Magic hair-ball used for bewitching. (Cf. D991.3, D1274.1.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 668.

D2071. D2071. Evil Eye. Bewitching by means of a glance. *Krappe Balor 9ff.; *Chauvin V 161 No. 84, VIII 143 No. 144 n. 1; *Fb “цje” III 1167ab, 1168a; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 686; Elworthy The Evil Eye (London, 1895); Jahn Ьber den Aberglauben des bцsen Blicks bei den Alten; Pitre Le jettatura ed il mal occhio in Sicilia (Kolozsvбr, 1884); Seligman Der bцse Blick und Verwandtes (Berlin, 1910); Maclagen, R. C. The Evil Eye in the Western Highlands (London, 1902); Penzer II 298; *Hertz Abhandlungen 181ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2071.0.1. D2071.0.1. Evil eye covered with seven veils. *Krappe Balor 25; Gaster Oldest Stories 45.

D2071.0.1.1. D2071.0.1.1. Evil eye covered with bag or hide while owner is stoned. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2071.0.2. D2071.0.2. Evil eye from exposure to magic concoction. Irish myth: Cross.

D2071.0.3. D2071.0.3. Man with power of evil eye cannot look at any living thing before breaking fast in the morning without causing it to wither and die. England: Baughman.

D2071.1. D2071.1. Averting Evil Eye. See references for D1070, Magic ornaments, a large number of which are used to keep off the Evil Eye. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2071.1.1. D2071.1.1. Evil eye averted by spitting. (Cf. D1001, D1776.) *Fb “spytte” III 514b; Irish myth: Cross.

D2071.1.2. D2071.1.2. Evil eye averted by swinging cat over child‘s cradle. Fb “overse” II 771a.

D2071.1.3. D2071.1.3. Simulated change of sex to baffle Evil Eye. Penzer IX 163.

D2071.1.4. D2071.1.4. Black as guard against Evil Eye. Penzer I 212, 217.

D2071.1.5. D2071.1.5. Countermagic against Evil Eye: returning glance of Evil Eye blights the original glancer. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2071.2. D2071.2. Person kills with Evil Eye.

D2071.2.1. D2071.2.1. Person kills animals with glance of Evil Eye. England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2072. D2072. Magic paralysis. Person or thing rendered helpless. (Cf. D1410.) *Type 952; *BP III 453; Chauvin V 16 n. 2; Tawney I 408, 417, 458; *Fb “stjжle” III 575a; Kittredge Witchcraft 201f. nn. 104--110; Alphabet 624; *Loomis White Magic 56f.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 242, Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 10; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2072.0.1. D2072.0.1. Sword made magically helpless. Fb “svжrd” III 690a; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

D2072.0.2. D2072.0.2. Animal rendered immovable.

D2072.0.2.1. D2072.0.2.1. Horse enchanted so that he stands still. (Cf. D1654.12.) Fb “hest” IV 212a; Irish myth: Cross; England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2072.0.2.1.1. D2072.0.2.1.1. Horse (ox) unable to move wagon paralyzed by witch. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2072.0.2.2. D2072.0.2.2. Bird paralyzed.

D2072.0.2.2.1. D2072.0.2.2.1. Person charged with keeping birds from the crops confines them in barn (usually roofless) by magic while he goes to town. England, Wales: *Baughman.

D2072.0.2.3. D2072.0.2.3. Oxen paralyzed. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2072.0.2.4. D2072.0.2.4. Mule paralyzed by witch. England: Baughman.

D2072.0.2.5. D2072.0.2.5. Pigs paralyzed by witch. England: Baughman.

D2072.0.2.6. D2072.0.2.6. Dog paralyzed. U.S.: Baughman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452.

D2072.0.3. D2072.0.3. Ship held back by magic. (Cf. D1419.3, F302.3.1.2, F402.1.13.) *BP II 265 n. 1, IV 196 n. 1.--Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Basile I No. 6; U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2072.0.4. D2072.0.4. Bird overpowered by stepping on his shadow. Drops the stolen meat. Zachariae 57.

D2072.0.5. D2072.0.5. Person paralyzed. (Cf. D5.1, G256.3, G257.) England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2072.0.5.1. D2072.0.5.1. Witch prevents person from drinking. England: Baughman.

D2072.0.5.2. D2072.0.5.2. Person who yawns cannot close mouth. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 255.

D2072.0.5.3. D2072.0.5.3. Magic paralysis of tongue of a talkative wife. *Loomis White Magic 126.

D2072.1. D2072.1. Magic paralysis by Evil Eye. (Cf. D2071.) Fb “шje” III 1167b.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2072.2. D2072.2. Magic paralysis by curse. Tawney II 467.

D2072.2.1. D2072.2.1. Charm used by witch to cause paralysis. U.S.: Baughman.

D2072.3. D2072.3. Magic paralysis caused by saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2072.4. D2072.4. Magic prevention of performance of task. (Cf. H970.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2072.5. D2072.5. Robber-proof house: thieves are petrified when they enter house for unlawful purposes; are fed and welcomed, otherwise. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2072.6. D2072.6. Paralysis by singing magic song. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 351, Rasmussen III 111.

D2074. D2074. Attracting by magic. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2074.1. D2074.1. Animals magically called. (Cf. D1440, D2156.) *Toldo VIII 21; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 271--75, Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 324.

D2074.1.1. D2074.1.1. Mammals magically called.

D2074.1.1.1. D2074.1.1.1. Buffalo magically called. Southern Ute: Lowie JAFL XXXVII 45.

D2074.1.1.2. D2074.1.1.2. Deer summoned by singing. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2074.1.1.3. D2074.1.1.3. Bear summoned by magic. Greek: Grote I 32.

D2074.1.2. D2074.1.2. Fish or sea animals magically called. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 324, (Greenland): Rink 116, 153; Marquesas, Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 269, 289; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 94.

D2074.1.2.1. D2074.1.2.1. Coyote calls the largest fish. N. A. Indian (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 83.

D2074.1.3. D2074.1.3. Birds magically called. Irish: O’suilleabhain 86.

D2074.2. D2074.2. Magic means of attracting. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 156, 286, Holm 30.

D2074.2.1. D2074.2.1. Person summoned by thinking of him. Chauvin V 5 n. 3; Penzer II 58.

D2074.2.2. D2074.2.2. Summoning by burning hair. *Chauvin V 5 n. 3, 293.

D2074.2.2.1. D2074.2.2.1. Long-plaited hair struck on ground summons female goddess to aid of owner. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2074.2.3. D2074.2.3. Summoning by wish. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 49.

D2074.2.3.1. D2074.2.3.1. Mistress summoned by wish. *Fb “шnske” III 1179a.

D2074.2.3.2. D2074.2.3.2. Ship summoned by wish. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “navire”.

D2074.2.4. D2074.2.4. Genie called by writing his name on papers and burning them. (Cf. D1421.) Chauvin V 244 No. 143.

D2074.2.4.1. D2074.2.4.1. Foster-mother summoned by saying her name. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2074.2.4.2. D2074.2.4.2. Animals summoned by pronouncing their names. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2074.2.4.3. D2074.2.4.3. Helper summoned by calling his name. India: Thompson-Balys (D1420.4).

D2074.2.4.4. D2074.2.4.4. Order for spirit’s help left on card. *Krappe Archiv. f. d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen CLVIII 16ff.

D2074.2.5. D2074.2.5. Summoning by prayer. (Cf. V52.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2074.2.5.1. D2074.2.5.1. Imprisoned cleric comes to answer saint‘s prayers in ritual. Irish myth: Cross.

D2076. D2076. Saint magically causes druids to bless instead of curse. Irish myth: Cross.

D2078. D2078. Imprisoning by magic.

D2078.1. D2078.1. Witch made to enter boulder magically and imprisoned therein. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2079. D2079. Other forms of bewitching.

D2079.1. D2079.1. Magic compulsion to break wind under certain conditions. (Cf. D2063.5.) N. A. Indian (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 83.

D2080. D2080. Magic used against property.

D2081. D2081. Land made magically sterile. (Cf. D1563.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 171, 488f. nn. 59, 63, 64; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 383 n. 5; Irish myth: *Cross; England, U.S.: *Baughman; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 85 No. 750B.

D2081.1. D2081.1. Earth dried up in three years while hero is under earth. Chinese: Graham.

D2082. D2082. Trees killed by magic. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “arbres”.

D2082.0.1. D2082.0.1. Trees magically made fruitless. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2082.0.2. D2082.0.2. Tree magically withers. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2082.1. D2082.1. Magic glance reduces tree to ashes. Another restores it. Penzer V 123.

D2082.2. D2082.2. Anchorite consumes tree by one blast of his fiery breath. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2083. D2083. Evil magic in the dairy. *Kittredge Witchcraft 163ff., 480ff.; Fb “smшr” III 412--13.

D2083.1. D2083.1. Cows magically made dry. Kittredge Witchcraft 480 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2083.2. D2083.2. Cows made to give bad milk. England, Canada: Baughman.

D2083.2.1. D2083.2.1. Witches make cows give bloody milk. *Kittredge Witchcraft 166, 484 n. 28; U.S.: Baughman.

D2083.2.2. D2083.2.2. Witch causes cow to give curdled milk. U.S.: Baughman.

D2083.3. D2083.3. Milk transferred from another’s cow by magic. (Cf. D1605.2, C2087.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 163, 482 n. 4; England, Scotland, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 5653.

D2083.3.1. D2083.3.1. Milk transferred from another‘s cow by squeezing an axehandle (or the like). *Kittredge Witchcraft 163f., 482f. nn. 5--11; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2083.3.2. D2083.3.2. Witch transfers milk from another’s cows by use of hair rope. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

D2083.3.3. D2083.3.3. Witch transfers milk from another‘s cows to a vessel. England: *Baughman.

D2083.4. D2083.4. Butter transferred from another by magic. (Cf. D2087.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 168, 487f. nn. 38--43.

D2084. D2084. Industrial processes magically interrupted.

D2084.1. D2084.1. Beer magically kept from brewing. *Kittredge Witchcraft 170, 488 nn. 48--57; England: Baughman.

D2084.2. D2084.2. Butter magically kept from coming. (Cf. D1573, D2083.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 167, 485f. nn. 30--35; England, Ireland, U.S.: Baughman.

D2084.3. D2084.3. Saint causes dyes to work incorrectly. Irish myth: Cross.

D2085. D2085. Game animals magically made overwary. Scotch: Campbell II 56.

D2085.1. D2085.1. Curse (by saint) makes river (lake) barren of fish. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2086. D2086. Weapons magically dulled.

D2086.1. D2086.1. Sword magically dulled. **U. Priebe Stumpfmachen der Schwerten durch Zauber (Kiel Diss., Stettin, 1906); Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 213, XV 349, XVII 329; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 46, 302, 260, *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

D2086.1.1. D2086.1.1. Execution sword turned to wood. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2086.2. D2086.2. Guns rendered ineffective by witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 644.

D2086.3. D2086.3. Weapons magically blown out of enemies‘ hands. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2087. D2087. Theft by magic.

D2087.1. D2087.1. Crops stolen by magic. *Kittredge Witchcraft 172, 489 nn. 66--70.

D2087.2. D2087.2. Hunter‘s prey stolen during night by magic. Icelandic: Grнmssaga L. 144, Boberg.

D2087.3. D2087.3. Sheep or cattle disappear every night. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2087.3.1. D2087.3.1. Cow and cowherd disappear every New Year’s night. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2087.4. D2087.4. Men disappear every night. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 282--83, *Boberg.

D2087.5. D2087.5. Gold stolen by magic. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2087.6. D2087.6. Food stolen by magic. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2087.7. D2087.7. Witches rifle drawers of chests in house. U.S.: Baughman.

D2087.8. D2087.8. Witch steals potatoes, leaving no traces. England: Baughman.

D2088. D2088. Locks opened by magic. Krappe Balor 2 n. 9; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2088.0.1. D2088.0.1. All locks opened on the night of Christ‘s Nativity. (Cf. D1557.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2088.1. D2088.1. Fairy gains entrance to locked city. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2089. D2089. Magic used against property--miscellaneous.

D2089.1. D2089.1. Man makes all of iron in enemy’s storehouse disappear so weapons cannot be made. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2089.2. D2089.2. Curse makes stones useless. Irish myth: Cross.

D2089.3. D2089.3. Animals magically stricken dead. (Cf. D2060.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2089.3.1. D2089.3.1. Swine magically kept from fattening. Irish myth: Cross.

D2089.4. D2089.4. Saint causes mill to turn backwards. Irish myth: Cross.

D2089.5. D2089.5. Books illegible as result of curse. (Cf. D1266.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2089.6. D2089.6. House destroyed by magic. Chinese: Graham.

D2089.7. D2089.7. Goods magically diminish.

D2089.7.1. D2089.7.1. Food dwindles as soon as it is cooked. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2089.8. D2089.8. Clothes burned by magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 393.

D2089.9. D2089.9. Trail magically closed.

D2089.9.1. D2089.9.1. Trail magically covered with thorns. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 98.

D2089.10. D2089.10. Fire drills magically made not to function. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 243.

D2090. D2090. Other destructive magic powers.

D2091. D2091. Magic attack against enemy. Icelandic: *Boberg; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516.

D2091.1. D2091.1. Magic fire drawn down on foe. (Cf. D1271.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.2. D2091.2. Magic plague of frogs drawn down on foe. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.2.1. D2091.2.1. Magic army of snakes and frogs drawn down on foe. Jewish: Neuman.

D2091.3. D2091.3. Streams of blood magically drawn down on foe. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.4. D2091.4. Magic causes enemies to fight among selves. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 189; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Fables 62, (Ekoi): Talbot 127.

D2091.5. D2091.5. Storms magically drawn down on foe. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.6. D2091.6. Enemies magically made to feel thirst. Irish myth: Cross.

D2091.7. D2091.7. Magic lake (river) sent against enemy. (Cf. D921.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.7.1. D2091.7.1. River magically caused to rise against enemy. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.8. D2091.8. Magic drought to destroy enemy. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 37.

D2091.8.1. D2091.8.1. Druids dry up water in enemy’s camp. (Cf. D1711.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.9. D2091.9. Magic paralysis drawn down on foe. (Cf. D2072.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.10. D2091.10. Magic heat causes enemies to melt away. (Cf. D2144.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2091.10.1. D2091.10.1. Stones, etc., magically made to burn feet of enemies. Irish myth: Cross.

D2091.11. D2091.11. Black cloud magically blown upon enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

D2091.12. D2091.12. Plants and animals magically caused to shriek, frightening enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

D2091.13. D2091.13. Army stopped by saint‘s curse. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2091.14. D2091.14. Magician shoots an arrow of each finger against enemy. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2091.15. D2091.15. Magic earth-slip overcomes enemies. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2091.16. D2091.16. Enemy magically enclosed within walls. Jewish: Neuman.

D2092. D2092. Man caused to sink into mud. Finnish: Kalevala rune 3.

D2093. D2093. Walls overthrown by magic (Jericho). *Saintyves Essais 180ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

D2094. D2094. Pestilence magically sent upon (domestic) animals. (Cf. D2064.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2095. D2095. Magic disappearance.

D2095.1. D2095.1. Magic village and people disappear by magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2096. D2096. Magic putrefaction. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2097. D2097. Magic trouble-making. (Cf. K2130.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2098. D2098. Ship magically sunk. England: Baughman.

D2099. D2099. Miscellaneous destructive magic powers.

D2099.1. D2099.1. Loss of skill through magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 84.

D2099.2. D2099.2. Magic banishment. Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2099.3. D2099.3. House crushed by magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 272.

D2099.4. D2099.4. Calabashes broken by magic. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 367.

D2100--D2199.

D2100--D2199 OTHER MANIFESTATIONS OF MAGIC POWER

D2100. D2100. Magic wealth. (Cf. D1450.) India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

D2100.1. D2100.1. Inexhaustible treasure. (Cf. D1652.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Tawney I 350f., 471.

D2100.2. D2100.2. Coin multiplies itself. (Cf. D1288, D2106.) *Loomis White Magic 87; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2101. D2101. Treasure magically discovered. *Type 613. See also N530--N549, Discovery of treasure.

D2101.1. D2101.1. Treasure found by sprinkling ground with blood of white cock. (Cf. D1314.) *Chauvin V 13f. No. 9; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2101.2. D2101.2. Shower of jewels magically drawn from sky. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 445.

D2102. D2102. Gold magically produced.

D2102.1. D2102.1. Gold vomited. Irish: Plummer xliv, *Cross.

D2102.2. D2102.2. Valley fills with gold at command. Gaster Rabbis 225 No. 205, Jewish: Neuman.

D2102.2.1. D2102.2.1. Field turns to gold after ascetic plows it. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 221.

D2102.3. D2102.3. Saint magically produces treasure. Irish myth: Cross.

D2102.4. D2102.4. “Golden” son of supernatural bride of king has the power of producing gold and gold buildings, ornaments etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2102.5. D2102.5. Magic corn eaten by animal becomes gold. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 221.

D2103. D2103. Silver magically produced. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2105. D2105. Provisions magically furnished. (Cf. D1470.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Grimm Nos. 90, 121, 179; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 229, 325, 422, 454, Holm 40; Rasmussen I 239, 374, III 51, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 63, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM 245; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484, (Toba) ibid. (1) 368; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 115 No. 9, (Ibo): Thomas 119.

D2105.1. D2105.1. Provisions provided in answer to prayer. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2105.1.1. D2105.1.1. Starvation prevented by composition of hymn. (Cf. D1275.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2105.2. D2105.2. Provisions provided by messenger from heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

D2105.3. D2105.3. Rubbish magically becomes food and clothing. Irish myth: Cross.

D2105.3.1. D2105.3.1. Trash magically becomes food. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Fables 66.

D2105.4. D2105.4. Drink magically furnished. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2105.5. D2105.5. Saint causes fish to come out of lake to satisfy guests for whom he has no food. (Cf. D1444.1, F986.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2105.6. D2105.6. Showers of grain called down. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 654.

D2105.7. D2105.7. Fruit obtained from tree by magic. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 409.

D2106. D2106. Magic multiplication of objects.

D2106.1. D2106.1. Magic multiplication of objects by saints. (Cf. D2100.2, V220.) *Toldo VI 289; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2106.1.1. D2106.1.1. Saint causes waters to be filled with fish. *Loomis White Magic 69f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2106.1.1.1. D2106.1.1.1. Fish caught in waterless field. *Loomis White Magic 70.

D2106.1.2. D2106.1.2. Animals miraculously multiplied. *Loomis White Magic 87.

D2106.1.3. D2106.1.3. Multiplication of metal by saint. *Loomis White Magic 87.

D2106.1.4. D2106.1.4. Multiplication of the corpse of saint when different communities claim the body. *Loomis White Magic 87.

D2106.1.5. D2106.1.5. Multiplication of food by saint. (Cf. D1652.1.) India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

D2106.2. D2106.2. One sack of charcoal makes a hundred. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2106.3. D2106.3. Tree with all sorts of cakes hanging from its branches springs from one cake. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2107. D2107. Warrior’s equipment magically furnished.

D2107.1. D2107.1. Horse and weapons needed by hero are provided after incense is offered to Nandia, the Bull. India. Thompson-Balys.

D2120. D2120. Magic transportation. *Type 400, 566; Chauvin V 231 No. 130 n. 1.--Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 84 No. 750A*; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 676; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 102; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 53.

D2121. D2121. Magic journey. *Type 400; *Huet RTP XXXII 97, 145; Wesselski Theorie 23.--Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Ferguson 128; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 219; Africa (Benga): Nassau 214 No. 33.

D2121.1. D2121.1. Magic journey by wishing. (Cf. D1761.) *Fb “шnske” III 1178b; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2121.2. D2121.2. Magic journey with closed eyes. Person must not open eyes while on the journey. (Cf. C300.) *Chauvin VII 59 No. 77. 102 No. 376, VIII 148 No. 146; Hartland Science 174 (Japanese).--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 234f.; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 338 n. 217; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 14, III 103, 124, 257, Rink 147, 196, 219, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 511, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 52, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 171, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 629.

D2121.3. D2121.3. Magic journey through power of imagination. Chauvin V 230f. No. 130.

D2121.4. D2121.4. Magic journey by making distance vanish. The road is contracted or the earth folded up. *Chauvin V 231 No. 130.--Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 134; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 315 n. 145c; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 247.

D2121.5. D2121.5. Magic journey: man carried by spirit or devil. Herbert III 362f. Nos. 135, 152.--Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 255, Rasmussen III 114.

D2121.6. D2121.6. Magic journey during which one must not think good or evil. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 88.

D2121.7. D2121.7. Magic journey in cloud. (Cf. D2135.) Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 425; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 224.

D2121.7.1. D2121.7.1. Magic journey in cloud of fire. Irish myth: Cross.

D2121.7.2. D2121.7.2. Magic journey in whirl of snow. Icelandic: Ketilssaga H. 118, Boberg.

D2121.7.3. D2121.7.3. Magic transportation on smoke. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 368.

D2121.8. D2121.8. Magic journey by throwing knife into whirlwind. *Taylor FFC LXX 24 n. 1; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3903; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 60 No. 149.

D2121.9. D2121.9. Magic transportation from kick of a horse. Penzer VIII 57 n. 2.

D2121.10. D2121.10. Magic journey on sunbeam. Africa (Ganda): Baskerville The Flame Tree (London, 1925) 1ff. No. 1.

D2121.11. D2121.11. Magic journey: man left on land appears in ship. Irish myth: Cross.

D2121.12. D2121.12. Power to go through closed doors. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2121.13. D2121.13. Sailing in a leaky boat without sinking. *Loomis White Magic 90.

D2121.14. D2121.14. Saint rides on thorn tree and drags its roots through earth to dig out canal. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2121.15. D2121.15. Magic compulsion to make journey. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 123.

D2122. D2122. Journey with magic speed. *Loomis White Magic 93; Penzer II 223 n. 1, VI 213, 279, VII 24, 225 n. 1, VIII 57 n. 2.--Irish: Plummer clxxxvi, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “transport”; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 195; Korean: Zong in-Sob 65, 73; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 24; Africa (Vai): Ellis 207 No. 24, (Benga): Nassau No. 24 (version 2).

D2122.0.1. D2122.0.1. Journey to otherworld with magic speed. (Cf. F0.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2122.1. D2122.1. Magic speed by eating magic grains (medicine). N. A. Indian (Maliseet, European borrowing): Mechling JAFL XXVI 250; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 214 No. 31.

D2122.2. D2122.2. Hundred-league stride. England: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pas”; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 315 n. 145, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 59.

D2122.3. D2122.3. Magic journey as swift as thought. (Cf. G242.) *Taylor FFC LXX 49ff.; *Fb “tanke”; England: Baughman; Swiss: *Jegerlehner Oberwallis 293 No. 1.

D2122.4. D2122.4. Journey with speed of angels. Irish myth: Cross.

D2122.5. D2122.5. Journey with magic speed by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

D2125. D2125. Magic journey over water. Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2125.0.1. D2125.0.1. Saint causes earth to rise underfoot, enabling him to cross water. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2125.0.2. D2125.0.2. Saint drives over bog as over land. Irish myth: Cross.

D2125.1. D2125.1. Magic power to walk on water. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 332; *Saintyves Essais 307ff.; *Toldo VI 310ff.; Cowell Jataka II 77.--Irish: Plummer xxxi, cxlvii, Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 112; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 123, 407, Rasmussen III 192.

D2125.1.1. D2125.1.1. Magic transportation by waves. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 41 (39), cf. 43 (41), Boberg; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/249).

D2125.1.1.1. D2125.1.1.1. Saint rides blessed wave. *Loomis White Magic 91.

D2125.2. D2125.2. Magic transportation on a sheet of ice. Icelandic: Boberg.

D2125.3. D2125.3. Person crosses water in chariot. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 96.

D2126. D2126. Magic underwater journey. Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 185, 417, 451.

D2131. D2131. Magic underground journey. *Type 306; *Fb “lшngang” II 515b; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 316 n. 145c; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 451, Rasmussen III 268, Holm 68, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 42.

D2135. D2135. Magic air journey. *Penzer X 64 s.v. “air”; *Fb “ride” III 53a; *Toldo IV 77; *Loomis White Magic 91f.; Jones PMLA XXIII 563; Malone PMLA XLIII 412.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “voyages”; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 12, 43, 319; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 359 No. 94, Graham; Japanese: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 185; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 316 n. 145d; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 87, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 40.

D2135.0.1. D2135.0.1. Levitation. Person able to raise self in the air. *Cowell Jataka index s.v. “air”; *Toldo IV 77; Alphabet No. 459; *Loomis White Magic 47.--Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, Wales, U. S.: *Baughman; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 490.

D2135.0.2. D2135.0.2. Object magically raised in air. Irish myth: Cross; U.S.: Baughman.

D2135.0.2.1. D2135.0.2.1. Stone cross magically raised in air. Irish myth: Cross.

D2135.0.3. D2135.0.3. Magic ability to fly. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 189.

D2135.1. D2135.1. Power of flying from eating children‘s hearts. Child V 482 s.v. “hearts”.

D2135.2. D2135.2. Magic air journey from biting an ear. Tehauno: Boas JAFL XXV 244.

D2135.3. D2135.3. Stones fly through the air at saint’s bidding. *Loomis White Magic 92.

D2135.4. D2135.4. Magic transportation to highest summit by divine power. India Thompson-Balys.

D2135.5. D2135.5. Objects sent through air. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1211.

D2136. D2136. Objects magically moved. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2136.1. D2136.1. Rocks moved by magic. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 201 (rocks of Stonehenge), cf. Chaucer‘s Franklin’s Tale; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 17 (Orpheus); Jewish: *Neuman; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 192 No. 37, 310 No. 58; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 258.

D2136.2. D2136.2. Castle magically transported. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chateau”; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2136.2.1. D2136.2.1. Mosque turns around in order to face in the true direction of Mecca after prayers of two saints. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2136.2.2. D2136.2.2. Sunken palace magically raised. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 30.

D2136.3. D2136.3. Mountains (hills) magically transported. Irish myth: Cross.

D2136.3.1. D2136.3.1. Mountain moved by prayer. *Herbert III 390 No. 290; *Wesselski Mдrchen 255ff. No. 66; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 683, 684; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2136.4. D2136.4. Lake magically transported. (Cf. D1641.12.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2136.4.1. D2136.4.1. Saint drives lake into sea. Irish myth: Cross.

D2136.5. D2136.5. Saint‘s possessions magically transported. (Cf. V220.) Loomis White Magic 91f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2136.6. D2136.6. Island magically transported. (Cf. D936.) Irish myth: Cross; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1122, 1146, T-G. 3/912, z-G 13/499).

D2136.7. D2136.7. Well magically transported. (Cf. D926, D1641.1, D1641.13.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2136.8. D2136.8. Ship moved by sacrifice. Greek: Fox 125; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2136.9. D2136.9. Magic house removed. Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 241; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 64, 129, 130, 151; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 257.

D2136.10. D2136.10. Objects magically sent to certain place. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 68, 69, 75, 140; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 245.

D2137. D2137. Natural law suspended.

D2137.1. D2137.1. Witch keeps water from boiling. England: Baughman.

D2140. D2140. Magic control of the elements. (Cf. D1540.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 152ff., 472ff. nn. 1ff., especially n. 4; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2140.1. D2140.1. Control of weather by saint’s prayers. (Cf. V220.) *Toldo VI 330; *Loomis White Magic 39; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2140.1.1. D2140.1.1. Saint has power to control winds and storms at will. (Cf. A287.2.) *Loomis White Magic 45f.

D2140.2. D2140.2. Shaman‘s wife controls weather. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 84.

D2140.3. D2140.3. Weather changed on confession of deed. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 301.

D2141. D2141. Storm produced by magic. (Cf. D905, D1541.) *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV 109ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 507; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 223, 375, 450, 469, Rasmussen I 367, II 170, III 158, 270, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 584, 622, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 164, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 321; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 289 n. 61b, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 61; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 162.

D2141.0.1. D2141.0.1. Storm from calling on evil spirit. *Kittredge Witchcraft 158, 477 nn. 57, 58.--Icelandic: Boberg.

D2141.0.2. D2141.0.2. Storm from calling up spirits to help find buried treasure. (Cf. C401.3.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 158, 477 nn. 54--56.

D2141.0.3. D2141.0.3. Storms produced by devil. *Kittredge Witchcraft 152ff., 472ff. nn. 1--53 passim; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 660.

D2141.0.4. D2141.0.4. Storm at death of wizard. Devil comes for him. (Cf. D2141.0.3.) Kittredge Witchcraft 159, 477 n. 59.

D2141.0.5. D2141.0.5. Storm at death of wicked person. Devil comes for him. (Cf. D2141.0.3.) Kittredge Witchcraft 159, 477 nn. 60--64.

D2141.0.6. D2141.0.6. Storm because of bird’s singing. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 104 No. 15.

D2141.0.7. D2141.0.7. Storm raised by incantation. (Cf. D1391.1.) Greek: Grote I 184, Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 121; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 203.

D2141.0.7.1. D2141.0.7.1. Storm produced by prayer. (Cf. D2143.3.) Jewish: Neuman.

D2141.0.8. D2141.0.8. Storms raised by druids. (Cf. D2142.0.3.) Irish: Plummer clix, *Cross.

D2141.0.8.1. D2141.0.8.1. Storm calmed by wizard (druid). (Cf. D2141.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2141.0.9. D2141.0.9. Storm raised by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

D2141.0.10. D2141.0.10. Woman hoists skirt to raise thunderstorm. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 113.

D2141.0.11. D2141.0.11. Magic storm produced by animal.

D2141.0.11.1. D2141.0.11.1. Magic storm produced by serpent. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 71.

D2141.0.12. D2141.0.12. Magic storm by pointing root of tree at sky. Africa (Cameroon): Ittman 71.

D2141.1. D2141.1. Storm magically stilled. (Cf. D2141.0.8.1.) *Fb “storm” III 596a; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 II 95, 342, 368; India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 117; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 331.

D2141.1.1. D2141.1.1. Church bell rung as protection against storm. To thwart devil. (Cf. D1213.) *P. Sartori Das Buch von deutschen Glocken (Berlin, 1932); *Kittredge Witchcraft 158, 476 nn. 51--53; *Loomis White Magic 53.

D2141.2. D2141.2. Storm raised to defeat enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2142. D2142. Winds controlled by magic.

D2142.0.1. D2142.0.1. Magician (witch) controls winds. *Kittredge Witchcraft 159, 478 nn. 67--8.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2142.0.1.1. D2142.0.1.1. Witch sells power to control winds. *Kittredge Witchcraft 159, 477f. nn. 65--74 passim.

D2142.0.1.2. D2142.0.1.2. Witch sits atop mast, causes winds to blow. England: Baughman.

D2142.0.2. D2142.0.2. Saint controls winds. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2142.0.3. D2142.0.3. Druid controls winds. (Cf. D2141.0.8.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2142.0.4. D2142.0.4. Leper controls winds. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/45).

D2142.0.5. D2142.0.5. Wind controlled by girl’s spirit. Marquesas: Handy 29.

D2142.1. D2142.1. Wind produced by magic. Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish: Kalevala rune 10; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 353; Marquesas: Handy 119; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T--G. 3/109, z-G. 3/1323).

D2142.1.1. D2142.1.1. Wind raised by dog‘s wagging tail. Irish myth: Cross.

D2142.1.2. D2142.1.2. Wind raised by loosing certain knots. (Cf. D906, D1282.1.) *Fb “vindknude”; Taylor FFC LXX; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1901) 414--16; Scotland: Baughman.

D2142.1.3. D2142.1.3. Wind raised by calling on devil. (Cf. D2141.0.3.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 161, 479 n. 81.

D2142.1.4. D2142.1.4. Wind raised by troubling vessel of water. *Kittredge Witchcraft 160f., 479 nn. 79--80; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2142.1.4.1. D2142.1.4.1. Wind raised by throwing traitor’s ashes into lake. *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV (1933) 109.

D2142.1.5. D2142.1.5. Wind raised by putting cat under bushel (barrel) (drowning cat). (Cf. G283.2.1.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 161, 479 nn. 84--87; Ireland: Baughman.

D2142.1.6. D2142.1.6. Wind raised by whistling. Kittredge Witchcraft 160, 478f., nn. 77--8; *Fb “flшjte” I 326 a.

D2142.1.6.1. D2142.1.6.1. Wind raised by blowing into tobacco pipe. Kittredge Witchcraft 160, 478 n. 76.

D2142.2. D2142.2. Wind stilled by magic. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/555), Beckwith Myth 289; Ibo (Nigeria): Thomas 118; Icelandic: Boberg.

D2142.2.1. D2142.2.1. Wind stopped by revenant. Irish myth: Cross.

D2143. D2143. Precipitation controlled by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D2143.1. D2143.1. Rain produced by magic. *Gaster Beitrдge zur vgl. Sagen; und Mдrchenkunde 33ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 353, Eberhard FFC CXX 237; Korean: Zong in Sob 64; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 97; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 66; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 123, (Hottentot): Bleek 29 No. 14, (Ekoi): Talbot 247, (Basuto): Jacottet 126 No. 18.

D2143.1.0.1. D2143.1.0.1. Rain caused to fall in certain place (by rain-god). India: Thompson-Balys.

D2143.1.0.2. D2143.1.0.2. No rain falls on religious man. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 110.

D2143.1.1. D2143.1.1. Rain produced by pouring water. (Cf. D1242.1.) *Fb “vand” III 1001b; Chrйtien de Troyes “Yvain” lines 565ff.; Kцlbing Zs. f. vgl. Littgsch. XI 442ff.; Lang Myth II 190f.; Holmberg Die Wassergottheiten 181ff.; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1307; Andrews Les Fontaines des Gйnies (Alger, 1903); Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain); Gaster Thespis 181; Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Werner 205.

D2143.1.2. D2143.1.2. Rain produced by singing. (Cf. D1275, D1781.) Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 64 No. 9.

D2143.1.3. D2143.1.3. Rain produced by prayer. (Cf. D1391.1, D2141.0.7.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 55 n. 2; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 412.

D2143.1.4. D2143.1.4. Rain produced by spitting blood toward sky. Chinese: Werner 264.

D2143.1.5. D2143.1.5. Rain produced by plowing. Penzer II 117f.

D2143.1.6. D2143.1.6. Shower from magic anvil. (Cf. D1469.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2143.1.7. D2143.1.7. Rain produced by striking rock. Irish myth: Cross.

D2143.1.8. D2143.1.8. Rainstorm produced by emptying contents of bag in road. U.S.: Baughman.

D2143.1.9. D2143.1.9. Witch draws rain or snow from clouds with wave of his hand. Scotland: Baughman.

D2143.1.10. D2143.1.10. Wizard sells charm to raise rainstorm to enable eloping couple to escape pursuers. U.S.: Baughman.

D2143.1.11. D2143.1.11. Certain man must laugh in order for it to rain. (Cf. D1773.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D2143.1.12. D2143.1.12. Arrival of saint brings rain to rainless land. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2143.1.13. D2143.1.13. White elephant can make rain fall. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 945.

D2143.2. D2143.2. Drought produced by magic. (Cf. D2081, D2157.) Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 15 No. 22.

D2143.2.1. D2143.2.1. Church spared in flood because of prayers. Alphabet No. 77; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2143.2.2. D2143.2.2. Magic spear stuck in earth dries up spring. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2143.3. D2143.3. Fog produced by magic. Finnish: Kalevala rune 42; Icelandic: *Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 451, Rasmussen I 109.

D2143.3.1. D2143.3.1. Heavy fog is at once dispelled by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 106.

D2143.4. D2143.4. Hail produced by magic. U.S.: Baughman; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 20 No. 2, (Cameroon): Ittman 71.

D2143.4.1. D2143.4.1. Hail produced by whistling tune. (Cf. D1275.1, D1782.) Africa (Kaffir): Theal 185.

D2143.5. D2143.5. Frost produced by magic. U.S.: Baughman.

D2143.5.1. D2143.5.1. Old woman has control over frost. Fb “frost”.

D2143.6. D2143.6. Magic control of snow. (Cf. F686.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2143.6.1. D2143.6.1. Snow taken away by planting certain root. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 4.

D2143.6.2. D2143.6.2. Wall of snow around hut in answer to prayer. (Cf. D1766.1.) Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 136 No. 97.

D2143.6.3. D2143.6.3. Snow produced by magic. Irish myth: Cross.

D2143.6.4. D2143.6.4. Snow magically caused to melt (burn). Irish myth: *Cross.

D2143.6.5. D2143.6.5. Snow magically caused to last. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2144. D2144. Magic control of cold and heat. (Cf. D1592.) Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 235.

D2144.1. D2144.1. Cold produced by magic. Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 30.

D2144.1.1. D2144.1.1. Porcupine as controller of cold. (Cf. K896.1.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 302 nn. 106--7.

D2144.1.2. D2144.1.2. Man with power to make everything freeze. Wears cap over ear. Should he wear it straight everything would freeze. *Type 513; BP II 79ff.

D2144.2. D2144.2. Contest of heat and cold. Magicians contest with each other in producing heat or cold that will overcome the other. Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 85; cf. Type 71.--Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 81 No. 14; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 61a.

D2144.3. D2144.3. Heat produced by magic. (Cf. D2091.10, D2143.6.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2144.3.1. D2144.3.1. Cold water in winter made warm by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 78.

D2144.4. D2144.4. Burning by magic. (Cf. D2158.)

D2144.4.1. D2144.4.1. Person burned through magic wishing (curse). India: Thompson-Balys.

D2144.5. D2144.5. Ice controlled by magic.

D2144.5.1. D2144.5.1. Ice produced by magic. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 164.

D2144.5.2. D2144.5.2. Ice melted by magic. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 170: Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 164, Rasmussen II 223, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 191f., (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 324, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 619.

D2145. D2145. Magic control of seasons.

D2145.1. D2145.1. Winter magically produced.

D2145.1.1. D2145.1.1. Local winter. Winter produced in one place while it is summer everywhere else. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 289 n. 61c.

D2145.2. D2145.2. Summer produced by magic.

D2145.2.1. D2145.2.1. Summer magically lengthened. (Cf. F162.1.1, F971.5.) Irish: Plummer lxxx, Cross.

D2145.2.2. D2145.2.2. Fruit magically grows in winter. Wells 161 (Sir Cleges); Irish myth: Cross.

D2145.2.2.1. D2145.2.2.1. Vineyard in full fruit and blooming palm found in winter on the night of Christ‘s Nativity. (Cf. V211.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2145.2.2.2. D2145.2.2.2. Tree blooms out of season. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2146. D2146. Magic control of day and night. (Cf. A725, D1546.)

D2146.1. D2146.1. Day controlled by magic.

D2146.1.1. D2146.1.1. Day magically lengthened. *Loomis White Magic 29; Saintyves Saints Successeurs 237; Irish: Plummer cxxxviii, *Cross; Hebrew: Joshua 10: 13, *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 237; N. A. Indian (Lillooet): Teit JAFL XXV 351.

D2146.1.1.1. D2146.1.1.1. Druid causes sun to stand still for two days. (Cf. D1719.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2146.1.1.2. D2146.1.1.2. Supernatural person (adulterer) causes sun to stand still for nine months. (Cf. T481.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2146.1.2. D2146.1.2. Day magically shortened. Greek: Fox 164.

D2146.1.3. D2146.1.3. Day produced by magic. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2146.2. D2146.2. Night controlled by magic.

D2146.2.1. D2146.2.1. Night produced by magic. (Cf. F965.2.) Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nuit”; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 59; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 158.

D2146.2.2. D2146.2.2. Night magically lengthened. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 174 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nuit”; N. A. Indian (Crow): Simms FM II 299 No. 16.

D2146.2.3. D2146.2.3. Night magically shortened. Irish myth: Cross; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 150; Marquesas: Handy 109; N. A. Indian (Yana): Curtin Creation Myths 436.

D2146.2.4. D2146.2.4. Earth darkened because of Sun‘s defeat in race against Coyote. N. A. Indian (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 83.

D2146.2.5. D2146.2.5. Saint banishes night for a year. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2147. D2147. Magic control of clouds. Jewish: Neuman.

D2147.1. D2147.1. Cloud magically made to cover sun. Alphabet No. 627.

D2147.2. D2147.2. Cloud magically appears. India: Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/499).

D2147.3. D2147.3. A cloud evoked by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 41.

D2148. D2148. Earth magically caused to quake. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2148.1. D2148.1. Angel causes earth to quake, releasing prisoners for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

D2148.2. D2148.2. Saint is able to produce earthquakes at will. *Loomis White Magic 45.

D2148.3. D2148.3. Stopping the eruption of a volcano by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 45.

D2149. D2149. Magic control of the elements--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

D2149.1. D2149.1. Thunderbolt magically produced. (Cf. D1713.) Irish myth: Cross; Marquesas: Handy 65.

D2149.1.1. D2149.1.1. Witch produces lightning. U.S.: Baughman.

D2149.2. D2149.2. Saint magically causes mountain to melt away. (Cf. D1713.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2149.3. D2149.3. Saint causes sun to come down and cook for him. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2149.4. D2149.4. Magic control of gravitation.

D2149.4.1. D2149.4.1. Saint prevents rocks from falling. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2149.4.2. D2149.4.2. Ring that has dropped into water rises to surface. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2149.5. D2149.5. Rice paddies flooded or dried by toad’s tears or laughter. Chinese: Graham.

D2149.6. D2149.6. Magic control of heavenly bodies. (Cf. D2146.1.) Jewish: *Neuman.

D2149.7. D2149.7. Magic control of rainbow. Jewish: *Neuman.

D2150. D2150. Miscellaneous magic manifestations.

D2151. D2151. Magic control of waters. (Cf. D1242.1.) Irish myth: *Cross: Jewish: Neuman.

D2151.0.1. D2151.0.1. Saint regulates temperature of waters. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2151.0.2. D2151.0.2. Waters made to dry up. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2151.0.3. D2151.0.3. Wall of water magically warded off. (Cf. D1549.3.1.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 466.

D2151.1. D2151.1. Magic control of seas. (Cf. D911.) Irish: Plummer cxlvii, *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 230, 453.

D2151.1.1. D2151.1.1. Sea produced by magic. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 78 n. 1.

D2151.1.2. D2151.1.2. Tide held back. (Cf. D1545.) Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/730).

D2151.1.2.1. D2151.1.2.1. Tide held back by Virgin Mary. (Cf. V250.) *Ward Catalogue of Romances II 602; Crane Miraculis 91 No. 22.

D2151.1.2.2. D2151.1.2.2. Tide held back by saint. (Cf. D1713, V220.) *Loomis White Magic 40; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2151.1.2.3. D2151.1.2.3. Grave on shore rises with the tide. (Cf. D1641.8.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2151.1.3. D2151.1.3. Sea calmed by prayer. (Cf. D1766.1, D2151.3.) Irish myth: Cross; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/109).

D2151.1.4. D2151.1.4. Sea appears like flowery plain. (Cf. F931.3.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2151.2. D2151.2. Magic control of rivers. *Loomis White Magic 40f.; Irish: Plummer cxlvii--cxlviii, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 339.

D2151.2.1. D2151.2.1. Direction of river‘s flow magically reversed. *Loomis White Magic 40; Irish myth: Cross; Korean: Zong in-Sob 70.

D2151.2.1.1. D2151.2.1.1. River with flow magically divided. (Part stands still, rest flows.) Africa (Wakweli): Bender 87.

D2151.2.2. D2151.2.2. Saint causes river to rise and overflow. *Loomis White Magic 95; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2151.2.3. D2151.2.3. Rivers magically made dry. (Cf. D2165.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2151.2.3.1. D2151.2.3.1. Evil spirit holds back water. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2151.2.4. D2151.2.4. Saint causes a river to freeze over in summer. *Loomis White Magic 41.

D2151.2.5. D2151.2.5. Stream magically appears. N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 31.

D2151.2.5.1. D2151.2.5.1. River appears at prayer of desert travelers. U.S.: Baughman.

D2151.2.6. D2151.2.6. River magically widened. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

D2151.3. D2151.3. Magic control of waves. (Cf. D911.1, D2151.1.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2151.3.1. D2151.3.1. Magic tidal wave. Marquesas: Handy 65; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/109); Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 300, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 386.

D2151.3.2. D2151.3.2. Dashing waves do not touch saint. (Cf. D1388.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 875.

D2151.4. D2151.4. Magic calming of whirlpool. Irish: Plummer xxxi, *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 841.

D2151.5. D2151.5. Magic control of pond (tank).

D2151.5.1. D2151.5.1. Water raised from tank by singing. (Cf. D1781.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D2151.5.1.1. D2151.5.1.1. Water raised from tank by burying ring in it. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2151.5.2. D2151.5.2. Pond magically dried up. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/499).

D2151.6. D2151.6. Magic control of wells (springs). (Cf. A941.5, D927, D1567, F933.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2151.6.1. D2151.6.1. Saint causes wells to fail. Irish myth: Cross; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/403); N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 31.

D2151.6.2. D2151.6.2. Man makes all waters of spring flow into a small brass pot. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2151.7. D2151.7. Magic control of lakes. (Cf. D921.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2151.7.1. D2151.7.1. Saint causes lake to dry up. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2151.8. D2151.8. Magic flood. (Cf. D1542.3, D1549.3.1.) Mangaia (Cook Islands): Beckwith Myth 103; Samoa: Clark 74; Marquesas: Handy 109.

D2152. D2152. Magic control of mountains. (Cf. D932.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2152.1. D2152.1. Magic leveling of mountain. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190; Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 236; Africa (Bakuba): Einstein 160.

D2152.2. D2152.2. Magician able to cast mountains upon enemies. (Cf. D1711.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2152.3. D2152.3. Mountain magically blown away. Irish myth: Cross.

D2152.4. D2152.4. Magic heightening of mountain. Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 31.

D2152.5. D2152.5. Mountain moved by saint. *Loomis White Magic 92.

D2153. D2153. Magic control of rocks.

D2153.1. D2153.1. Rock in sea created by magic. Finnish: Kalevala rune 43; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2153.1.1. D2153.1.1. Island created by magic. Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 264.

D2156. D2156. Magic control over animals. (Cf. D2070.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2156.1. D2156.1. Magic power to make does give milk. (Cf. B188.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2156.2. D2156.2. Miraculous increasing of milk from one cow. (Cf. D1440.1, D2106.) *Loomis White Magic 86.

D2156.2.1. D2156.2.1. Cow supplies sufficient milk for the saint and all his disciples. *Loomis White Magic 62.

D2156.3. D2156.3. Saint forces a beast (leopard, wolf) to bring back stolen child (domestic animal) to his mother (owner). *Loomis White Magic 50f.

D2156.4. D2156.4. Wild boar reprimanded about its maraudings by saint. The command is obeyed. *Loomis White Magic 62.

D2156.5. D2156.5. Vicious snakes easily controlled by saint. *Loomis White Magic 63f.; *Krappe Traditio V (1947) 323--330.

D2156.5.1. D2156.5.1. Saint orders a serpent which had bitten a man to withdraw its venom. *Loomis White Magic 63.

D2156.5.2. D2156.5.2. Snakes expelled from human body by saint’s intervention. *Loomis White Magic 64.

D2156.6. D2156.6. Saint destroys disastrous insects. *Loomis White Magic 66.

D2156.7. D2156.7. Saint orders the cicadas to sing the praises of God or be silent, because they disturb his preaching. *Loomis White Magic 66.

D2156.8. D2156.8. Wolf is forced by saint to be substitute for eaten calf. *Loomis White Magic 59.

D2156.9. D2156.9. Saint causes cuckoo to call in winter. *Loomis White Magic 43; Irish myth: Cross.

D2156.10. D2156.10. Horses (oxen) from sea put temporarily into man‘s service. *Loomis White Magic 64.

D2156.11. D2156.11. Saint kills lion with his slipper. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2157. D2157. Magic control of soil and crops.

D2157.1. D2157.1. Land made magically fertile. (Cf. D1563, D2081, F349.4, F733.) Dickson 122 nn. 69, 70; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 145; Loomis White Magic 82; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 85 No. 750B; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2157.1.1. D2157.1.1. Saint scratches surface of earth with his spear and treasures of gold and silver are revealed. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2157.2. D2157.2. Magic quick growth of crops. Dh I II 61ff.; Irish: Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 15, 18, Beal XXI 305f.; Icelandic: *Boberg; England, Scotland: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 200ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 120.

D2157.2.0.1. D2157.2.0.1. Rice grows in single day. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2157.2.1. D2157.2.1. Magic quick growth of saint’s crops. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2157.2.2. D2157.2.2. Saint causes wheat to ripen prematurely in the time of a famine. *Loomis White Magic 95.

D2157.3. D2157.3. Withered and dead trees suddenly blossom at saint‘s command. *Loomis White Magic 94.

D2157.3.1. D2157.3.1. Apple trees bear as result of saint’s blessing. (Cf. D950, D981.1, F971.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2157.3.2. D2157.3.2. Tree regains life and verdure after treasure it hides in its roots is given away. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2157.4. D2157.4. Miraculous speedy growth of a tree. *Loomis White Magic 95.

D2157.5. D2157.5. Poor soil transformed into lovely garden overnight. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2157.6. D2157.6. Field cultivated and sowed by magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2158. D2158. Magic control of fires. (Cf. D1271.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

D2158.1. D2158.1. Magic kindling of fire. (Cf. D1566.1.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2158.1.1. D2158.1.1. Fox produces fire by striking tail to ground. Chinese: Werner 370.

D2158.1.2. D2158.1.2. Saint sets fire to stone. Irish myth: Cross.

D2158.1.3. D2158.1.3. Fire obeys the saints. *Loomis White Magic 30f.

D2158.1.3.1. D2158.1.3.1. Control of conflagrations by a saint personally or by his relics. *Loomis White Magic 30.

D2158.1.3.2. D2158.1.3.2. Fire turns aside and refuses to catch hold of holy garments, wooden altars and similar sacred things. *Loomis White Magic 31.

D2158.1.4. D2158.1.4. Magician opens his eyes and forest burns for twenty-four miles in front of him. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2158.1.5. D2158.1.5. Saint creates fire unnaturally when needed. *Loomis White Magic 35.

D2158.1.5.1. D2158.1.5.1. Saint kindles her lamp or candle without using fire. *Loomis White Magic 32.

D2158.1.5.2. D2158.1.5.2. Cooking and baking done without fire. *Loomis White Magic 35.

D2158.2. D2158.2. Magic extinguishing of fires. (Cf. D1656, Q492.) Kцhler-Bolte I 417; *Oertel Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 113; Irish: Plummer cxxxviii, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 816; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 176.

D2161. D2161. Magic healing power. *Type 712; *Kittredge Witchcraft 30, 385 n. 64; *Fb “sygdom” III 699b; *Weinrich Antike Heilungswunder (Giessen, 1909); Wesselski Mцnchslatein 136 No. 116; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 118; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 170, 193, 240, 248, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 43, 82, (Greenland): Rink 279, 327, 370, 431, 440, 459, 467, Rasmussen III 172, 190, 209.

D2161.1. D2161.1. Magic cure for specific diseases. (Cf. D2161.5.2.5, D2161.5.2.6.)

D2161.1.1. D2161.1.1. Magic cure of leprosy. (Cf. D1502.4.) Irish: Plummer lxxx, *Cross.

D2161.1.2. D2161.1.2. Magic cure for fever. (Cf. D1502.3.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 385 n. 65; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.1.3. D2161.1.3. Woman’s labor pains magically eased. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 23.

D2161.2. D2161.2. Magic cure of wound. (Cf. D1503.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 9; English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem); Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1224; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 113, 440.

D2161.2.1. D2161.2.1. Steaks cut from live cow who heals herself by magic. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 7.

D2161.2.2. D2161.2.2. Flow of blood magically stopped. (Cf. D1504.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 8.

D2161.2.3. D2161.2.3. Magic cure of burns. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.3. D2161.3. Magic cure of physical defect.

D2161.3.1. D2161.3.1. Blindness magically cured. (Cf. D1505.) Fb “blind” IV 45b; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1153, 1234.

D2161.3.1.1. D2161.3.1.1. Eyes torn out magically replaced. Irish: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.3.2. D2161.3.2. Magic restoration of severed hand. Krappe Zeitschrift fьr Englische Philologie XLIX 361--369; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Lagerholm 66--68, Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule, Nouvelles de Sens No. 12; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.3.3. D2161.3.3. Magic cure of broken limbs. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 43.

D2161.3.3.1. D2161.3.3.1. Witch burns her child‘s legs for wood, then covers child with sheet and child is whole. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.3.4. D2161.3.4. Baldness magically cured.

D2161.3.4.1. D2161.3.4.1. Feathered skin magically grafted to bald head. Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.3.5. D2161.3.5. Deafness magically cured. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.3.6. D2161.3.6. Dumbness magically cured. (Cf. D2020.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.3.6.1. D2161.3.6.1. Magic restoration of cut-out tongue. Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.3.7. D2161.3.7. Lameness magically cured. Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.3.7.1. D2161.3.7.1. Lame animal magically cured. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.3.8. D2161.3.8. Insanity magically cured. (Cf. D2065.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.3.8.1. D2161.3.8.1. Remedy for epilepsy. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.3.9. D2161.3.9. Bad breath magically cured. Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.3.10. D2161.3.10. Sterility magically cured. Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.3.11. D2161.3.11. Barrenness magically cured. (Cf. D1347.2, D1501.1, D1925.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.4. D2161.4. Methods of magic cure.

D2161.4.0.1. D2161.4.0.1. Cure after following instructions received from saint in dream. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.1. D2161.4.1. Cure by transferring disease to animal. (Cf. D1500.3.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 94, 424f. nn. 137--145; England, U.S.: *Baughman; Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.4.2. D2161.4.2. Disease transferred to object.

D2161.4.2.1. D2161.4.2.1. Ghost transfers boil to a post. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 7.

D2161.4.2.2. D2161.4.2.2. Saint transfers disease to his bell (bachall). (Cf. D1500.3.2. D2161.5.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.4.2.3. D2161.4.2.3. Saint transfers thorn in foot to rock. Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.4.2.4. D2161.4.2.4. Disease transferred to tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.3. D2161.4.3. Cure by passing through earth at crossroads. Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 386 n. 66.

D2161.4.4. D2161.4.4. Person cured by repairing image that has same deformity. *Kittredge Witchcraft 74, 414 n. 13.

D2161.4.5. D2161.4.5. Cure by passing patient through cleft of tree (other loop). (Cf. F950.3.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 148, 467 n. 92; *Oertel Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 115; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 477 s.v. “durchkriechen”; A. F. Schmidt Hultrжer i Danmark (Danske Studier 1932, 33ff.); Kr. Nyrop Kludetrжet (Dania I (1890), 1ff. and 309); Irish myth: Cross; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2161.4.6. D2161.4.6. Animal buried alive to cure disease. Kittredge Witchcraft 95ff., 424f. nn. 146--154; *Fb “levende” II 403b--404; Feilberg Levende begravet (Aarbog for dansk kulturhistorie 1892).

D2161.4.7. D2161.4.7. Animal burned to cure disease. Especially for disease among animals. Kittredge Witchcraft 95ff., 426f. nn. 155--169.

D2161.4.8. D2161.4.8. Cure by burning grain where man has died. (Cf. D1787.) Or where he is buried. Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 386 n. 68.

D2161.4.9. D2161.4.9. Baptism as magic cure. (Cf. V81.) Kittredge Witchcraft 145, 464 n. 61; England: Baughman.

D2161.4.9.1. D2161.4.9.1. Other religious ceremony as magic cure. Sign of cross, prayer, etc. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.4.10. D2161.4.10. Disease cured by same thing (person) that caused it. **Wesselski Erlesenes 13ff.

D2161.4.10.0.1. D2161.4.10.0.1. Only one person possesses power to heal certain wound. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.4.10.1. D2161.4.10.1. Wound healed by same spear that caused it. Greek: Fox 125.

D2161.4.10.2. D2161.4.10.2. Wound healed only by person who gave it. (Or by member of his family.) (Cf. D2161.2.) *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt 375ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

D2161.4.10.2.1. D2161.4.10.2.1. Fairy wounded by mortal is healed only by obtaining mortal‘s blessing. (Cf. D659.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.4.10.2.2. D2161.4.10.2.2. Snake sucks poison from snake bite. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.10.3. D2161.4.10.3. Healing with hair of dog that bit one. **Wesselski Erlesenes 13ff.

D2161.4.10.4. D2161.4.10.4. Sorrowing father magically restored as lost son approaches. He had lost strength, sight and hearing when son left home. Scotland: Campbell-McKay No. 25.

D2161.4.10.5. D2161.4.10.5. Blindness cured by killing snake that caused it. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.11. D2161.4.11. Cure by putting children on roof (in oven). *Kittredge Witchcraft 31, 385 n. 65.

D2161.4.12. D2161.4.12. Magic cure during sleep. *Kittredge Witchcraft 221f., 529 n. 83--88.

D2161.4.13. D2161.4.13. Eating of human hearts as cure for insomnia. Chauvin VI 61 No. 229.

D2161.4.14. D2161.4.14. Magic cure by bathing. (Cf. D1788.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.14.1. D2161.4.14.1. Magic cure by bathing in milk. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.4.14.1.1. D2161.4.14.1.1. Wounds from poisoned arrows healed by bath of milk. Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.4.14.2. D2161.4.14.2. Magic cure by bathing in consecrated water (lake, etc.). (Cf. D1500.1.18.5, V132.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.4.14.3. D2161.4.14.3. Cure by washing in dew. U.S.: Baughman.

D2161.4.15. D2161.4.15. Magic cure by lying on saint’s shadow. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2161.4.16. D2161.4.16. Magic cure by touching. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.16.1. D2161.4.16.1. Magic healing by passing hand over affected parts. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.17. D2161.4.17. Magic cure by licking. (Cf. D1775.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.4.18. D2161.4.18. Cure by putting lock of patient‘s hair in hole of post or tree, then plugging hole with wood. U.S.: *Baughman.

D2161.4.19. D2161.4.19. Methods of magic cure--miscellaneous.

D2161.4.19.1. D2161.4.19.1. Barber begins to recover after he reveals raja’s secret. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.5. D2161.5. Magic cure by certain person.

D2161.5.1. D2161.5.1. Cure by holy man. *Kittredge Witchcraft 124ff., 449f. nn. 1--33 passim; *Toldo I 331; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.5.2. D2161.5.2. Cure by Virgin Mary. (Cf. V256.) *Ward Catalogue of Romances II 609 No. 23, 617 No. 38, 619 No. 22, 630 No. 23, 649 No. 47.

D2161.5.2.1. D2161.5.2.1. Cure at shrine of Virgin Mary. Ward II 648 No. 40 and passim; *Crane Miraculis 89 No. 17.

D2161.5.2.2. D2161.5.2.2. Cure by relic of Virgin Mary. Type 754*; Ward II 644 No. 3, 645 Nos. 6, 8.

D2161.5.2.3. D2161.5.2.3. Cure by milk of Virgin Mary. Ward II 613 No. 32; *Crane Miraculis 95 No. 30; English: Wells 167 (Vernon Miracles).

D2161.5.2.4. D2161.5.2.4. Severed limbs replaced by Virgin Mary. (Cf. D2161.3.) *Crane Miraculis 89 No. 18; Wells 167 (Vernon Miracles), 169 (The Clerk who would see the Virgin); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2161.5.2.5. D2161.5.2.5. Cure of spider bite by the Virgin Mary. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2161.5.2.6. D2161.5.2.6. Terrible headaches cured by Virgin Mary. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2161.5.3. D2161.5.3. Cure by deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2161.5.4. D2161.5.4. Cure by Moses. Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.5.5. D2161.5.5. Cure by angel. (Cf. V232.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.5.6. D2161.5.6. Cure by surviving twin. England: Baughman.

D2161.5.7. D2161.5.7. Cure by seventh son of seventh daughter. England: Baughman.

D2161.6. D2161.6. Diseases cured at particular time.

D2161.6.1. D2161.6.1. All diseases healed at birth of Christ. (Cf. V211.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2161.6.2. D2161.6.2. Diseases cured in Messeanic era. (Cf. A1095.) Jewish: Neuman.

D2161.6.3. D2161.6.3. Diseases cured at holy man’s birth. Jewish: Neuman.

D2162. D2162. Magic control of disease. (Cf. D1500.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2162.1. D2162.1. Saint ends epidemic by fasting. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2162.2. D2162.2. Epidemic stops at river (sea) at saint‘s command. (Cf. D1735.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2162.3. D2162.3. Locality sanctified against pestilence (by angel) as result of prayer and fasting. (Cf. D1586.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2162.4. D2162.4. People living on mountain dedicated to angel free from plague. *Loomis White Magic 106.

D2163. D2163. Magic defense in battle. (Cf. K2350.) Tawney I 362, 367n., Jewish: Neuman.

D2163.1. D2163.1. Broken weapons magically restored. (Cf. D1080, F1098, H1023.8.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2163.2. D2163.2. Magic reinforcements. Hero’s followers magically multiplied or whole new army conjured up. Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 27; Maori: Dixon 61.

D2163.2.1. D2163.2.1. Heavenly help in battle. *Loomis White Magic 122.

D2163.3. D2163.3. Virgin Mary intercepts an arrow in battle. (Cf. V250.) *Ward II 625 No. 3.

D2163.4. D2163.4. Magic mist as defense in battle. (Cf. D902.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2163.5. D2163.5. Saint‘s prayer wins battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2163.5.1. D2163.5.1. Saint’s prayer brings large flight of birds carrying stones in talons. These missiles dropped upon enemies cause terror. *Loomis White Magic 123.

D2163.5.2. D2163.5.2. Saint changes vicious king‘s heart to peaceful thoughts. *Loomis White Magic 123.

D2163.5.2.1. D2163.5.2.1. Letter read by holy man stops emperor from devastating country. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2163.6. D2163.6. Obstructions magically produced before enemy. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2163.6.1. D2163.6.1. Saint causes great forest to spring up between opposing forces. *Loomis White Magic 123.

D2163.6.2. D2163.6.2. Saint causes wall of cakes to spring up between opposing armies. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2163.7. D2163.7. Enemy’s army deceived by illusion produced by saint. *Loomis White Magic 122.

D2163.8. D2163.8. Saint‘s blessing brings victory. *Loomis White Magic 123.

D2163.9. D2163.9. Saint protects followers against bullets by stretching sheet over their heads. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2165. D2165. Escapes by magic. (Cf. D1395.) English: Wells 43 (Arthour and Merlin); Irish: Plummer cxxxix, *Cross; Icelandic: Юorsteins saga Vikingssona 400, Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2165.1. D2165.1. Escape by flying through the air. (Cf. D2135.0.1, R324.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2165.2. D2165.2. Escape from drowning by drying up all waters. (Cf. D2151.2.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2165.3. D2165.3. Magic used to prevent pursuit. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 82.

D2165.4. D2165.4. Opening in house made by magic so as to escape. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 101.

D2166. D2166. Magic help from falling. Hottentot: Bleek 78.

D2167. D2167. Corpse magically saved from corruption. (Cf. V52.14.) Tawney II 540; Saintyves De l’incorruption des corps saints (Bull. et. Mem. de la Soc. d‘Anthrop. des Paris, 7th ser. IV [1923] 84--100).--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cadavre”; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 311.

D2167.1. D2167.1. Food magically saved from corruption. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2167.2. D2167.2. Book magically saved from decay. Irish myth: Cross.

D2167.3. D2167.3. Flowers magically kept from withering. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 501.

D2168. D2168. Magic used against poison. (Cf. D1515.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2168.1. D2168.1. Poison magically separated from drink. Irish myth: Cross.

D2171. D2171. Magic adhesion. (Cf. D1413.) *Type 593; Fb “holde” IV 219b; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 102; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2171.1. D2171.1. Object magically attaches itself to a person. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 394, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 66 No. 9.

D2171.1.1. D2171.1.1. Seat (chair) caused to stick to person. (Cf. D1413.6.) Icelandic: Boberg; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

D2171.1.2. D2171.1.2. Tankard caused to stick to person‘s lips. Wales: Baughman.

D2171.1.3. D2171.1.3. Person magically sticks to floor (ground). Irish myth: Cross (D2171.7); Jewish: *Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 325, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 237.

D2171.2. D2171.2. Magic adhesion to monster (witch, ogre, etc.). (Old Man of the Sea, Burr-Woman). *Basset 1001 Contes I 190f; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 126 No. 58; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 42 No. 30; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191e.

D2171.3. D2171.3. Magic adhesion to animal. (Cf. F155.) *Fb “holde” IV 219b; Irish myth: Cross.

D2171.3.1. D2171.3.1. Magic adhesion to goose. *Type 571.

D2171.3.2. D2171.3.2. Magic adhesion to swan. Fb “holde ved” I 639.

D2171.3.3. D2171.3.3. Magic adhesion to turtle. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191e.

D2171.3.4. D2171.3.4. Magic adhesion to hose. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2171.4. D2171.4. Objects magically stick together. (Cf. D1413.)

D2171.4.1. D2171.4.1. Pitcher magically sticks to ground. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 168 No. 24.

D2171.4.2. D2171.4.2. Cauldron magically sticks to wall. Irish myth: Cross.

D2171.4.3. D2171.4.3. Witch causes towel to adhere to wall. U.S.: Baughman.

D2171.5. D2171.5. Persons magically stick together. (Cf. D1171.2, D1413.14.) India: Thompson-Balys.

D2171.6. D2171.6. Clothes cling supernaturally to body. *Loomis White Magic 56.

D2171.7. D2171.7. Man‘s feet fixed to pavement so that he cannot move until he makes vow. *Loomis White Magic 56, Irish myth: Cross.

D2171.8. D2171.8. Witch causes milk to stay in overturned pail. U.S.: Baughman.

D2172. D2172. Continuing magic acts.

D2172.1. D2172.1. Magic repetition. Person must keep on doing or saying thing until released. Type 593; Lang Eng. Fairy Tales 74; Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

D2172.2. D2172.2. Magic gift: power to continue all day what one starts. One woman measures linen; another throws water on pig. BP II 215, 438; *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. “Erste” nn. 112--149; Irish: Beal XXI 306; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 750A@1*.

D2173. D2173. Magic singing. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2174. D2174. Magic dancing. Enchanted persons dance till released. Type 306; BP III 78; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 309 n. 1; England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2175. D2175. Cursing by magic. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 299, 268, 111; Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: Cross.

D2175.1. D2175.1. Cursing by means of a well. (Cf. D926, D1766.2.1, D1792.2, V134.) Kittredge Witchcraft 34, 394 n. 113.

D2175.2. D2175.2. Saint’s bachall used in cursing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2175.3. D2175.3. Magic satire (magic song) as curse. Irish myth: Cross.

D2175.4. D2175.4. Saint‘s bell used in cursing. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2175.5. D2175.5. Curse magically changed to blessing. Jewish: Neuman.

D2176. D2176. Exorcising by magic. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2176.0.1. D2176.0.1. Saint sanctifies locality against death. Irish myth: Cross.

D2176.1. D2176.1. Snakes banned by magic. Irish: Plummer clxx, *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 66; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 33.

D2176.2. D2176.2. Lice banned by magic. Irish: Plummer clxx, Cross.

D2176.3. D2176.3. Evil spirit exorcised. Jewish: *Neuman.

D2176.3.1. D2176.3.1. Evil spirit exorcised by burning fish. *S. Prato La Tradition III No. 2 (1889) (Tobit); Jewish: *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 II 360f.

D2176.3.1.1. D2176.3.1.1. Evil spirit exorcised by burning medicine. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2176.3.2. D2176.3.2. Evil spirit exorcised by religious ceremony. (Cf. V10ff.) Holy name, sign of cross, prayer, etc. Fb “Jesus” II 41; Irish: Beal XXI 325; Italian Novella: Rotunda; *Chauvin VIII 41 No. 8AB; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer III 37; Korean: Zong in-Sob 60, 128.

D2176.3.3. D2176.3.3. Evil spirit exorcised by saint. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2176.3.3.0.1. D2176.3.3.0.1. Evil spirits exorcised by death of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

D2176.3.3.1. D2176.3.3.1. Demons in stone images driven out by holy man (saint). Irish myth: *Cross.

D2176.3.3.2. D2176.3.3.2. Saint purifies spring by driving out demon. *Loomis White Magic 76.

D2176.3.3.3. D2176.3.3.3. Saint throws ink bottle at devil who annoys him. *Loomis White Magic 76.

D2176.3.3.4. D2176.3.3.4. Saint‘s breath drives away the devil. *Loomis White Magic 46.

D2176.3.4. D2176.3.4. Devil cast out of man possessed. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3368; Legends Nos. 702--710.

D2176.4. D2176.4. Magic book conjured away by throwing it on stream. *Fb “Cyprianus” I 166b.

D2176.5. D2176.5. Burning cut hair to prevent witchcraft. *Fb “hеr” I 771a; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

D2176.6. D2176.6. Exorcising invisible man by flailing air with peach branch. Chinese: Graham.

D2177. D2177. Imprisoning by magic. (Cf. R40.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2177.1. D2177.1. Demon enclosed in bottle. *Type 331; *Goebel Jьdische Motive im mдrchenhaften Erzдhlungsgut (Gleiwitz, 1932) 52ff.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 39, 314 No. 105, 320 No. 34; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Graham; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 439.

D2177.1.1. D2177.1.1. Demons imprisoned by magic. Nouvelles Recreations 13.

D2177.2. D2177.2. Demon imprisoned in pomegranate. Africa (Swahili): Stigand 122ff. No. 19.

D2177.3. D2177.3. Evil spirits imprisoned in stone. Irish myth: Cross.

D2177.4. D2177.4. Evil spirits kept out by stone wall. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2178. D2178. Objects produced by magic. Irish myth: *Cross: Missouri French: Carriиre.

D2178.1. D2178.1. City built by magic. Penzer VII 73f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

D2178.2. D2178.2. Cattle produced by magic. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 77.

D2178.3. D2178.3. Pavilions produced by magic. Penzer VIII 92.

D2178.4. D2178.4. Animals created by magic. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 42.

D2178.4.1. D2178.4.1. Magic production of rabbits. N. A. Indian (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 82.

D2178.4.2. D2178.4.2. Noxious animals produced by magic. Jewish: Neuman.

D2178.5. D2178.5. People created by magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2178.6. D2178.6. Ceremonial presents produced by magic. Chinese: Graham.

D2178.7. D2178.7. Whatever goldsmith proposes to make comes into existence by itself in the forge. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2178.8. D2178.8. Tree produced by magic. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 347.

D2178.9. D2178.9. Flower produced by magic. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 135f.

D2182. D2182. Flow of cow’s milk increased by licking saint‘s garment. (Cf. D1052, D1652.3.) Irish: Plummer clxxxi, Cross.

D2182.1. D2182.1. Flow of cow’s milk increased by saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

D2182.2. D2182.2. Flow of cow‘s milk increased by song (music). (Cf. D1275.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2183. D2183. Magic spinning. Usually performed by a supernatural helper. *Types 500, 501; *von Sydow Tvе spinnsagor.

D2184. D2184. People magically continue hurting themselves. Try to drive ox but drive themselves; to stab it but stab themselves; etc. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 76 No. 12.

D2184.1. D2184.1. People magically made to strike selves blows aimed at another. Irish myth: Cross.

D2185. D2185. Magician carries woman in glass coffin. She comes out at his will. Icelandic: *Boberg; *Chauvin V 190 No. 11.

D2185.1. D2185.1. Fairy personage (god?) houses mistress in crystal bower. (Cf. F165.3.5.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

D2186. D2186. Cat in wood-pile prevents axe from cutting. *Type 1001.

D2188. D2188. Magic disappearance. (Cf. D1641.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 484; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 457, Rasmussen III 264, (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 25, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 257.

D2188.1. D2188.1. Ability to disappear or appear at will. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2188.1.1. D2188.1.1. Garment appears and disappears in reply to command. Spence 76.

D2188.2. D2188.2. Person vanishes. Jewish: Neuman; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 48, 54, Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1241).

D2188.2.1. D2188.2.1. Man disappears, leaving only his ring. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2188.3. D2188.3. Village vanishes. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 157.

D2191. D2191. Roast ducks fly (by magic). Fb “and” IV 12b.

D2192. D2192. Work of day magically overthrown at night. *Fb “kirke” II 125 a; Wells 42 (Arthour and Merlin); Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3602; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 465; Ellice Island: ibid. 270; Marquesas: ibid. 269; Tuamotu: ibid. 267; Tahiti: ibid. 266; Maori: ibid. 265; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Fables 59.

D2192.1. D2192.1. Supernatural agency moves new church foundation (or building materials) to another site, at night. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

D2193. D2193. Flowers drop on washing hands. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D2194. D2194. Dung drops on washing hands. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

D2195. D2195. Blighted garden magically restored to beauty. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2195.1. D2195.1. Flower blooms when touched. India: Thompson-Balys.

D2196. D2196. Saint causes fiery sword to come between hostile king and queen. Irish myth: Cross.

D2197. D2197. Magic dominance over animals. (Cf. D1440, D2074.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

D2198. D2198. Magic control of spirits (angels). Jewish: *Neuman.

D2199. D2199. Additional magic manifestations.

D2199.1. D2199.1. Bottomless tub (vat) holds water through power of saint. (Cf. H1023.2.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

D2199.2. D2199.2. Tools sharpened through power of saint. Slaves forced to hew down yew tree with dull tools: hands bleed. (Cf. H1110, P170.) Irish myth: Cross.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: The Dead

E. THE DEAD

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

E0--E199. Resuscitation

E0. Resuscitation

E10. Resuscitation by rough treatment

E30. Resuscitation by arrangement of members

E50. Resuscitation by magic

E80. Water of life

E90. Tree of life

E100. Resuscitation by medicines

E120. Other means of resuscitation

E150. Circumstances of resuscitation

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Ghosts

E200--E599. GHOSTS AND OTHER REVENANTS

E200--E299. Malevolent return from the dead

E200. Malevolent return from the dead

E210. Dead lover’s malevolent return

E220. Dead relative‘s malevolent return

E230. Return from dead to inflict punishment

E250. Bloodthirsty revenants

E260. Other malevolent revenants

E280. Ghosts haunt buildings

E300--E399. Friendly return from the dead

E300. Friendly return from the dead

E310. Dead lover’s friendly return

E320. Dead relative‘s friendly return

E340. Return from dead to repay obligations

E360. Other reasons for friendly return from the dead

E380. Ghost summoned

E390. Friendly return from the dead--miscellaneous

E400--E599. Ghosts and revenants--miscellaneous

E400. Ghosts and revenants--miscellaneous

E410. The unquiet grave

E420. Appearance of revenant

E430. Defense against ghosts and the dead

E440. Walking ghosts “laid”

E460. Revenants in conflict

E470. Intimate relations of dead and living

E480. Abode of the dead

E490. Meetings of the dead

E500. Phantom hosts

E510. Phantom sailors

E520. Animal ghosts

E530. Ghosts of objects

E540. Miscellaneous actions of revenants

E600--E699. Reincarnation

E600. Reincarnation

E610. Reincarnation as animal

E630. Reincarnation in object

E650. Reincarnation: other forms

E670. Repeated reincarnation

E690. Reincarnation: miscellaneous

E700-E799. The soul

E700. The soul

E710. External soul

E720. Soul leaves or enters the body

E730. Soul in animal form

E740. Other forms of the soul

E750. perils of the soul

E760. Life index

E770. Vital objects

E780. Vital bodily members

E.

E. THE DEAD

E0--E199.

E0--E199. Resuscitation.

E0. E0. Resuscitation. Zwierzina Die Legenden der Mдrtyrer vom unzerstцrbaren Leben (Innsbrucker Festgruss dargebracht der 50. Versammlung deutscher Philologen in Graz (1909) 130--158; Type 516; Clouston Tales II 407ff.; *Penzer X Index s.v. “Resuscitation”; *Jacobs’ list s.v. “Resuscitation”; Greek: Grote I 206; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9, Rotunda; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “resurrection”; Irish: Plummer xxxv, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 169; Korean: Zong in-Sob 139; Polynesia: *Beckwith Myth Chapter X passim; Marquesas: Handy 83; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/127); Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 291, 359, 373, 417, 444, 452, Holm 26, 89, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 241; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 73; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 102, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132, (Apapocuva-Guaranн): *Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 133; Africa (Benga): Nassau 213 No. 33, (Upoto): Einstein 142, (Wuchaga): Gutman 35.

E1. E1. Person comes to life. Alphabet No. 683; Kцhler-Bolte II 164; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3506; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 130; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 180 No. 25, (Zulu): Callaway 51.

E1.1. E1.1. Saint cut into pieces or decapitated comes back to life. *Loomis White Magic 83f.

E1.2. E1.2. Dead man re-enters body and speaks of experience in heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

E2. E2. Dead tree comes to life. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 47.

E3. E3. Dead animal comes to life. (Cf. B192.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

E4. E4. Sun revived by own power after being killed by moon. S. A. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434.

E10. E10. Resuscitation by rough treatment.

E11. E11. Resuscitation by beating. *Penzer VI 265f.; Kцhler-Bolte I 140; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia (Soemba): Dixon 331 n. 108; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 353 n. 273; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 124 No. 17.

E11.1. E11.1. Second blow resuscitates. First kills. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 93.

E11.2. E11.2. Resuscitation by striking with arrow. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 73.

E11.3. E11.3. Resuscitation by touching body during conjuration. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452, Rasmussen II 349.

E12. E12. Resuscitation by decapitation. *Type 531; *BP III 18ff.

E12.1. E12.1. Red thread on neck of person who has been decapitated and resuscitated. *BP III 19; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 866.

E12.2. E12.2. Head of decapitated person is replaced backwards. Later is readjusted. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

E13. E13. Resuscitation by jumping (stepping) over. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 261; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177.

E13.1. E13.1. Resuscitation by stepping on corpse. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177.

E14. E14. Resuscitation by dismemberment. (Cf. E30, E32.) (Usually combined with burning; cf. E15.) *Type 753; *BP II 162; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 33, Beal XXI 311f.; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 76 No. 15.

E15. E15. Resuscitation by burning. *Type 753; *BP III 193ff.; DeCock Studien 14; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cadavre”; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 68; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 260; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 132 No. 18, 136 No. 19.

E15.0.1. E15.0.1. Bone of man being burned jumps out of fire. Africa (Pahouin): Largeau 197.

E15.1. E15.1. Resuscitation by boiling. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 156 n. 2, Cook Zeus I 677ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cadavre”; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 260.

E15.2. E15.2. Resuscitation by sweating. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 340 n. 225, 350 n. 260, (Modoc): Curtin Myths of the Modocs (Boston, 1912) 31.

E15.3. E15.3. Resuscitation by stewing. Chinese: Graham.

E16. E16. Resuscitation by stinging. Corpse is laid on an ant-heap. MacCulloch Childhood 81 n. 3; Australian: Parker 13.

E17. E17. Resuscitation by licking corpse. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 153.

E17.1. E17.1. Resuscitation when snake licks bite he has inflicted upon his victim. India: Thompson-Balys.

E18. E18. Resuscitation by tickling. N. A. Indian (Tlingit): Golder JAFL XX 292.

E21. E21. Resuscitation by withdrawal of wounding instrument. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 8; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Twana): Curtis N. A. Indian IX 164 ff., (Southern Paiute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 185 No. 19; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXI 18.

E21.1. E21.1. Resuscitation by removal of poisoned apple. By shaking loose the apple from the throat of the poisoned girl the prince brings her to life. *Type 709; *BP I 450ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Apfel” n. 8; India: Thompson-Balys.

E21.1.1. E21.1.1. Resuscitation by removal of poisoning cobra flesh from dead man’s mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

E21.2. E21.2. Resuscitation when strangling corset-lace breaks. Girl laced so tightly in corset that she faints. Brothers carry her to her grave. They stumble. Corset-lace breaks and girl revives. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63 No. 453; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

E21.3. E21.3. Resuscitation by removal of poisoned comb. *Type 709; Africa (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVIII 299ff.

E21.4. E21.4. Resuscitation by removal of poisoned slippers. Africa (Tonga): Junod 266ff., (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVIII 299ff. No. 16.

E21.5. E21.5. Resuscitation by sucking poison from wound. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E23. E23. Resuscitation by catching in snare. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 267 No. 74.

E25. E25. Resuscitation my frightening dead. Frequently combined with E61. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 319 n. 153. See also references to E61.

E26. E26. Resuscitation by shouting at dead. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 88.

E26.1. E26.1. Resuscitation by command to arise. (Cf. E67.) Type 785; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E27. E27. Resuscitation by slinging against something. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 510.

E29. E29. Resuscitation by rough treatment--miscellaneous.

E29.1. E29.1. Resuscitation by biting victim‘s bone. N. A. Indian (Joshua): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 240 No. 19.

E29.2. E29.2. Resuscitation by rubbing victim’s bones on ground. Madagascar (Antankarana): Renel Contes de Madagascar (Paris, 1910, 1930) I 94ff. No. 14.

E29.3. E29.3. Resuscitation by pricking anus. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 57, 81.

E29.4. E29.4. Resuscitation by plucking the flower into which one is incarnated. India: Thompson-Balys.

E29.4.1. E29.4.1. Resuscitation by felling the tree into which one is incarnated and splitting trunk into two parts. India: Thompson-Balys.

E29.5. E29.5. Resuscitation by cutting off heads of birds which contained the soul of dead person. India: Thompson-Balys.

E29.6. E29.6. Resuscitation by urinating on dead man‘s bone. Korean: Zong in-Sob 38.

E29.7. E29.7. Resuscitation by striking with lightning. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 410.

E30. E30. Resuscitation by arrangement of members. Parts of a dismembered corpse are brought together and resuscitation follows. (Sometimes combined with other methods.) *Type 720; *BP I 422f.; Kцhler-Bolte I 140, 555; Gaster Thespis 300.--Finnish: Kalevala rune 15; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “os”; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 315 No. 119, 329 No. 38; Egyptian: Mьller 114 (Osiris); Greek: Fox 22 (Arkas); Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 494; India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 104; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1117); Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 276; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 308 n. 114, (California): Gayton and Newman 71, Hatt Asiatic Influences 69f.; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Alexander Lat. Am. 315, Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.--Africa (Fjort): Dennett 64 No. 12, (Angola): Chatelain 95 No. 5, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 33, 137, (Ibo of Nigeria): Thomas 160, (Basuto): Jacottet 132 No. 18, 168 No. 24, (Thonga): Junod 242, (Zulu): Callaway 51, 230; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 141.

E30.1. E30.1. Felled tree restored by reassembling all cut parts. (Cf. E2.) Polynesian: Dixon *68 n. 38.

E31. E31. Limbs of dead voluntarily reassemble and revive. *Kцhler-Bolte I 130; Gaster Thespis 300; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 92.

E32. E32. Resuscitated eaten animal. (Cf. E171.) An animal is eaten. When his bones are reassembled he revives. *Von Sydow Tors Fдrd til Utgеrd (Danske Studier [1910] 65); Type 870B (FFC LXXXIII); Krohn Skandinavisk Mythologi 207ff.; BP I 422f.; Karjalainen FFC LXIII 14; Alphabet No. 370; MacCulloch Childhood 101; Clouston Tales II 395; Gьnter 83 nn. 94--96; *Loomis White Magic 68, 84f.; Archiv. f. slavische Philologie XIX 255.--Irish: Plummer cxliii, *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 66, Beal XXI 325; English: Child I 505b; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 306 No. 8, 313 No. 93; Jewish: bin Gorion III 19, *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buin: Wheeler No. 15; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 308 n. 114a; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 272, (Thonga): Junod 229, (Basuto): Jacottet 124 No. 17.

E32.0.1. E32.0.1. Eaten person resuscitated. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Beckwith Myth 483.

E32.1. E32.1. Insect swallowed by man comes out alive. *Loomis White Magic 66.

E32.2. E32.2. Animals which devour each other are restored to their original forms by command of a saint. *Loomis White Magic 63.

E32.3. E32.3. Dismembered pigs come alive again if only bones are preserved. Irish myth: *Cross.

E33. E33. Resuscitation with missing member. In reassembling the members, one has been inadvertently omitted. The resuscitated person or animal lacks this member. *Type 313; MacCulloch Childhood 97ff.; Von Sydow Danske Studier (1910) 65ff., 145ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 259, 273 n. 1, *586.--Greek: Fox 119 (Pelops); India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 99, Rasmussen I 218, III 79, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 501, (N. W. Canada): Petitot 84, 226, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 170; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 308 n. 114b; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Alexander Lat. Am. 314.

E33.1. E33.1. Cooked part of white cow is brown after resuscitation. Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman.

E34. E34. Resuscitation with misplaced head. (Cf. M221.) In restoration of several persons simultaneously through reassembling of members, the heads are placed on the wrong bodies. Sometimes the damage is repaired, sometimes not. *Kittredge Gawain 155 n. 1; *Wesselski Mдrchen 239, 241 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 309 n. 114c.

E34.1. E34.1. Resuscitation with head on backwards. (Cf. F511.0.6.) *Type 303; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda (E12.2).

E35. E35. Resuscitation from fragments of body. Cook Islands: Beckwith 253; S. A. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434.

E35.1. E35.1. Resuscitation by sewing parts of body together. India: Thompson-Balys.

E37. E37. Resuscitation by assembling members and leaving in cask for certain time.

E37.1. E37.1. Failure to resuscitate because of premature disturbance of members to be left in cask for certain time. Kцhler-Bolte I 140, 585; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3670; India: Thompson-Balys.

E38. E38. Resuscitation by replacement of soul. Crane Miraculis 84 No. 7; Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Werner 93, 268; Hawaii: Dixon 76, Beckwith Myth 145, 152; Maori: Dixon 78; Marquesas: Handy 113; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 101.

E38.1. E38.1. Resuscitation by returning dead person‘s soul (breath) to body. India: Thompson-Balys.

E41. E41. Resuscitation from excrement of one who has eaten person (animal). India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 140, Beckwith Myth 483, 504; S. A. Indian (Kaiguб): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 139.

E42. E42. Resuscitation from ashes of dead man. India: Thompson-Balys.

E42.1. E42.1. Resuscitation from dust. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E50. E50. Resuscitation by magic. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 154 and Chapter X passim; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/49, z-G 3/1353, z-G 13/1241); Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 504, (Greenland): Rink 260, Rasmussen III 296, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 193; Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 43.

E52. E52. Resuscitation by magic charm. (Cf. D1273.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys, *Penzer VI 261ff.; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 348, III 102.

E53. E53. Resuscitation by fetish. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 64 No. 12.

E53.1. E53.1. Resuscitation by mummified dog. Dog is kept in box. Revives and resuscitates dead hero. N. A. Indian (Central Algonquin): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

E53.2. E53.2. Resuscitation of dead by making image of deceased of breadfruit wood. When spirit enters this, image disappears and person is found alive. Marquesas: Handy 113.

E55. E55. Resuscitation by music. MacCulloch Childhood 84; Fb “spille” III 488a; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 319 n. 153b.

E55.1. E55.1. Resuscitation by song. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 337--38, Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Tsimshian: Boas BBAE XXVII 215; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452.

E55.2. E55.2. Resuscitation by playing flute. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “flute”.

E55.3. E55.3. Resuscitation by blowing trumpet. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 62f.

E55.4. E55.4. Resuscitation by playing violin. *Cosquin Lorraine II 7, 286.

E55.5. E55.5. Resuscitation by playing guitar. Sicilian: Gonzenbach I 306 No. 45.

E58. E58. Resuscitation by weeping (tears). Herbert III 62 (Odo of Cheriton); Fb “opskrig” II 754; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 43 No. 1 (Version B).

E58.1. E58.1. Resuscitation by universal weeping. Return of deity from dead granted if all men will weep. One person refuses. *Dh II 211; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 439a s.v. “Eddamдrchen” nn. 270, 271; MacCulloch Eddic 130.

E61. E61. Resuscitation by shooting arrow. (Usually combined with E25.) Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Schoolcraft Hiawatha 58, (Missisagua): Chamberlain JAFL III 150, (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 146, (Gros Ventre): Kroeber PaAM I 99 No. 23, (Arapano): Dorsey and Kroeber FM V 269 No. 119, 344ff. Nos. 139--145.

E62. E62. Resuscitation by vigil at tomb. Vigil is for stated time, three weeks and three days, or the like. Kцhler in Gonzenbach II 209 No. 11; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 62.

E62.1. E62.1. Resuscitation by fasting. Irish myth: *Cross.

E63. E63. Resuscitation by prayer. Types 516, 612; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 143.--Irish myth: *Cross, Scala Celi No. 949; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas VI 218, Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Maori: Dixon 82.

E63.1. E63.1. Body placed in building and worshipped until it comes to life. (Cf. E62.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 420.

E63.2. E63.2. Resuscitation by nine-day dance and prayers. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 184.

E64. E64. Resuscitation by magic object.

E64.1. E64.1. Resuscitation by staff. (Cf. D1254.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian (Southern Paiute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 108 No. 5, 117 No. 7, 169f. Nos. 5a, 6; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115; Africa: Werner African 171, (Zulu): Callaway 233.

E64.1.1. E64.1.1. Staff of life and death. Black staff kills; brown one restores to life. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 266 No. 40.

E64.1.1.1. E64.1.1.1. Silver stick kills; gold one restores to life. India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.1.1.2. E64.1.1.2. Leaves of life and death. India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.1.1.3. E64.1.1.3. Fly-whisk of life and death. India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.2. E64.2. Resuscitation by magic cauldron. (Cf. D1171.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

E64.3. E64.3. Resuscitation by magic bell. (Cf. D1213.) Jewish: Neuman.

E64.3.1. E64.3.1. Resuscitation by saint‘s bell. Irish: Plummer clxxvi, Cross.

E64.4. E64.4. Resuscitation by magic bachall. (Cf. D1277.)

E64.4.1. E64.4.1. Resuscitation by saint’s bachall. *Loomis White Magic 105; Irish: Plummer clxxv, *Cross.

E64.5. E64.5. Resuscitation by magic cup. (Cf. D1171.6.)

E64.5.1. E64.5.1. Resuscitation by Holy Grail. Welsh, Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 203; Irish myth: *Cross.

E64.6. E64.6. Resuscitation by candle. (Cf. D1162.2.) Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 111 No. 39.

E64.7. E64.7. Resuscitation by book. (Cf. D1266.) Fansler MAFLS XII 137.

E64.7.1. E64.7.1. Resuscitation by manuscript. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E64.8. E64.8. Resuscitation by perfume. (Cf. D1245.) Philippine: Dixon 235 n. 47, (Tinguian): *Cole 18 n. 1, 44, 51, 90, 98, 131.

E64.8.1. E64.8.1. Resuscitation by heavenly fragrance. Jewish: Neuman.

E64.9. E64.9. Resuscitation by magic feather. (Cf. D1021.) N. A. Indian (Kato): Goddard UCal V 208 No. 9, (Tsimshian): Boas RBAE XXXI 127.

E64.10. E64.10. Resuscitation by piece of felt. (Cf. D1051.) Georgian: Wardrop Georgian Folk-Tales (London, 1894) 15 No. 3.

E64.11. E64.11. Resuscitation by magic robe (blanket). (Cf. D1052.) N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Dorsey CI LIX 329 No. 88, (Tlingit): Swanton BBAE XXXIX 36 No. 8.

E64.12. E64.12. Resuscitation by sacred relics. Irish myth: Cross.

E64.13. E64.13. Resuscitation by ring. BP III 537; India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.14. E64.14. Resuscitation by magic bag. (Cf. D1193.) Zs. f. d. Phil. XXVI 23.

E64.15. E64.15. Resuscitation by magic gold. Zs f. d. Phil. XXVI 23.

E64.16. E64.16. Resuscitation by animal‘s tail.

E64.16.1. E64.16.1. Resuscitation by yak’s tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.17. E64.17. Resuscitation by magic stone. (Cf. D931.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.18. E64.18. Resuscitation by leaf. India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.19. E64.19. Resuscitation from bird dung. (Cf. D1026.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E64.20. E64.20. Resuscitation by magic baskets. Africa (Fang): Einstein 155.

E64.21. E64.21. Resuscitation by handkerchief. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 182.

E65. E65. Resuscitation by kiss. Type 885*.--India: Thompson-Balys.

E66. E66. Resuscitation by breathing on corpse. Greek: Fox 22; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Melanesia: Codrington JAI X 272; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 319 n. 153a; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 280, Rasmussen III 124, Holm 68, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 247; Africa (Benga): Nassau 213 No. 33.

E66.1. E66.1. Resuscitation of cremated man by blowing on the ashes. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Bakairi, Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 312.

E67. E67. Resuscitation by talking to corpse. Type 450; Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17.

E68. E68. Apparently dead persons revived when certain thing happens. Proper prince appears, or the like. Chauvin V 263 No. 154.

E71. E71. Resuscitation by wishing. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 123 No. 19.

E72. E72. Resuscitation by smelling of moss. N. A. Indian (Menomini): Hoffman RBAE XIV 181.

E73. E73. Resuscitation by incantation. Chinese: Graham.

E74. E74. Resuscitation by waving magic object. India: Thompson-Balys.

E75. E75. Resuscitation by writing deity‘s name. Jewish: *Neuman.

E79. E79. Resuscitation by magic--miscellaneous.

E79.1. E79.1. Resuscitation by passing helpful animal over corpse. Chinese: Graham.

E79.1.1. E79.1.1. Resuscitation by bird flying over dead. Jewish: Neuman.

E79.2. E79.2. Resuscitation by reversing positions of two blocks of wood. India: Thompson-Balys.

E79.3. E79.3. Resuscitation by touch of eagle. Jewish: Neuman.

E80. E80. Water of Life. Resuscitation by water. Types 550, 551; *BP I 513, II 400; **Wьnsche Lebensbaum; Chauvin VI 73f.; Hertz Abhandlungen 47ff.; *Fb “vand” III 1001b, “livets vand” II 439b, “flaske” I 309a; Dawkins Alexander and the Water of Life (Medium Aevum IX 173--192); Jacobs’ list s.v. “Water of Life”; Kцhler-Bolte I 186, 562.--Icelandic: Hrуlfssaga Gautrekssonar (ed. Detter) 46, 64; Russian: Ralston Russian Folk-Tales (London 1873) 231ff.; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Babylonian: Spence 130 (Ishtar); India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer X 210 s.v. “Life, water of”; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 347; Arabian: Burton Nights S VI 213ff., 221; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 494; Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen II 359 No. 104; Pelew Islands: Dixon 252; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 74, 121, 153, 264; Fiji: ibid. 76; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 355 n. 279a; (Calif. Indian): Gayton and Newman 64; Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 27, 67, 137.

E80.1. E80.1. Resuscitation by bathing. Herbert III 197; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer IV 145; West Indies: Flowers 427.

E80.1.1. E80.1.1. Resuscitation by bathing in milk. (Cf. D1018, D1503.7.1, E102.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E80.2. E80.2. Resuscitation by wet cloth over corpse. India: Thompson-Balys.

E80.3. E80.3. Resuscitation by water (in basket, overnight). N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 68.

E80.4. E80.4. Resuscitation by holy water. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E80.4.1. E80.4.1. Resuscitation by dew from heaven. Jewish: *Neuman.

E82. E82. Water of life and death. One water kills, the other restores to life. *BP III 31 n. 1; Greek: Fox 281 (blood of life and death); India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 355 n. 279b.

E84. E84. Water of death. India: Thompson-Balys.

E90. E90. Tree of Life. (Cf. D950.) Resuscitation by touching its branches. *MacCulloch Childhood 83; *Wьnsche Lebensbaum.--Irish myth: *Cross; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 354; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Guianas, Chaco, Arawakan Chanб): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

E90.1. E90.1. Sun and moon steal wonderful tree which revives dead man or animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

E100. E100. Resuscitation by medicines. Greek: Aeschylus Agamemnon line 1020; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 7, 34; (Benga): Nassau 98, 213 Nos. 5, 33, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 117 No. 20, (Kaffir): Theal 66, (Vai): Ellis 196 No. 14, 200 No. 18, 243 No. 49, (Cameroon): Ittman 72f., (Wakweli): Bender 96.

E101. E101. Resuscitation by salve (oil). (Cf. D1244.) BP I 127; Fb “salve” III 150b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Gonzenbach I 318 No. 48; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): *Cole 18 n. 1, 44, 51.

E102. E102. Resuscitation by magic liquid. (Cf. D1242.) *Krappe Balor 132ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61 No. 445A; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 47.

E102.1. E102.1. Resuscitation by magic milk. Irish myth: *Cross.

E102.2. E102.2. Resuscitation by sprinkling ambrosia. (Cf. E80.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E105. E105. Resuscitation by herbs (leaves). Type 612; BP I 126ff., *128; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 354 n. 2; *Kittredge Gawain 153 n. 4; *Wesselski Mдrchen 239f. No. 50; Jacobs’ list s.v. “Life-restoring herb”; Penzer VI 18 n. 1.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 312 n. 2; Jewish: Neuman; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7, V No. 7, Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 135; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 7, (Thonga): Junod 56.

E106. E106. Resuscitation by magic apple. *Type 590; BP III 1; Fb “жble” IV 1135b; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 90b s.v. “Apfel” n. 2.

E107. E107. Resuscitation by magic pill. (Cf. D1243.) Chinese: Werner 159.

E108. E108. Resuscitation by magic powder.

E108.1. E108.1. Resuscitation by magic powder blown into nose. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 101ff. No. 11.

E113. E113. Resuscitation by blood. Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 143; *BP I 46ff.; *Fb “blod” IV 46b, 47a; Jacobs‘ list s.v. “Blood resuscitates”.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 16 n. 1; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys.--Tonga: Gifford 185; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/912); N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 96 No. 7; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 165.

E113.1. E113.1. Resuscitation by animal’s blood. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E113.1.1. E113.1.1. Resuscitation by raven‘s blood. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E114. E114. Resuscitation by spittle. (Cf. D1001.) Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 143.--Sicilian: Gonzenbach I 156 No. 25; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 99, 157; Tonga: Gifford 185; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit JAFL XXIX 305 (European borrowing).

E115. E115. Resuscitation by wax from deer’s ear. Scotch: Campbell Tales II 309 No. 44.

E116. E116. Resuscitation by use of animal fat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

E117. E117. Resuscitation by gall of slain giant. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E120. E120. Other means of resuscitation.

E121. E121. Resuscitation by supernatural person. MacCulloch Childhood 84 n. 2; Melanesia: *Wheeler No. 66f.

E121.1. E121.1. Resuscitation by a god. (Cf. A454.) Irish: Beal XXI 329; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 234 n. 3 (Theseus), Fox 119 (Pelops), 126 (Protesilaos), 144 (Alkestis, Glaukos), 220 (Adriadne, Semele), 280 (Asklepios); Icelandic: Boberg (Odin); Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 339.

E121.1.1. E121.1.1. Resuscitation by concerted effort of the gods. Greek: Fox 119 (Pelops).

E121.1.2. E121.1.2. Resuscitation by power of goddess. *India: Thompson-Balys.

E121.1.3. E121.1.3. Man sent back to earth by Death, for it is not yet his time to die. India: Thompson-Balys.

E121.1.3.1. E121.1.3.1. Hero resuscitated by his bride, daughter of king of death. India: Thompson-Balys.

E121.2. E121.2. Resuscitation by Christ. Types 750***, 753; Irish myth: Cross.

E121.3. E121.3. Resuscitation by Virgin Mary. (Cf. V268.) *Type 710; *Crane Miraculis 85 No. 8; *Ward Catalogue of Romances II 633 No. 31; Wells Manual of Writings 170; Irish myth: *Cross.

E121.4. E121.4. Resuscitation by saint. Kцhler-Bolte II 163ff.; Alphabet Nos. 130, 374, 375, 376, 559, 628; *Loomis White Magic 83f.; Irish: Plummer xxxv, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Sicilian: Gonzenbach I 156 No. 25; Jewish: bin Gorion III 20; India: *Thompson-Balys. See also Acta Sanctorum passim.

E121.4.1. E121.4.1. The cooked and revived child. Saint to a woman: “Cook me what you like most.” Gullible woman cooks son. Saint revives child. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 80f.

E121.5. E121.5. Resuscitation by holy man (priest, etc.). Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 31, 90, Beal XXI 310; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

E121.5.1. E121.5.1. Resuscitation by rabbi. Gaster Exempla 218 No. 149.

E121.5.2. E121.5.2. Resuscitation through prayers of holy man. (Cf. E63.) Nouvelles de Sens No. 24.

E121.5.3. E121.5.3. Resuscitation by prophet. Jewish: Neuman.

E121.6. E121.6. Resuscitation by demon. Hindu: Tawney I 132.

E121.6.1. E121.6.1. Resuscitation by demon’s entering corpse. Irish myth: *Cross.

E121.7. E121.7. Resuscitation by magician. (Cf. D1711.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Lillooet): Teit JAFL XXV 332, (Mewan): Merriam Dawn of the World (Cleveland, 1910) 188; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 247.

E121.7.1. E121.7.1. Resuscitation by druid. (Cf. P427.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

E121.8. E121.8. Resuscitation by fairy. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E122. E122. Resuscitation by animals. Jewish: Neuman.

E122.1. E122.1. Resuscitation by cuckoo. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *455.

E122.2. E122.2. Resuscitation by snake. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E125. E125. Resuscitation by relative.

E125.1. E125.1. Resuscitation by son. India: Thompson-Balys.

E125.2. E125.2. Resuscitation by sister(s). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152.

E125.3. E125.3. Resuscitation by brother. Jewish: Neuman.

E127. E127. Resuscitation by friends. India: Thompson-Balys.

E132. E132. Resuscitation through ashes thrown on funeral pyre. *Penzer IX 68 n. 2.

E133. E133. Resuscitation by warming dead man. German: Grimm No. 4.

E134. E134. Resuscitation by laying flesh on pyre and covering with cloth. India: Thompson-Balys.

E134.1. E134.1. Resuscitation by covering body for certain time. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 72, 80, 102.

E136. E136. Resuscitation by heavenly voice. Jewish: Neuman.

E138. E138. Resuscitation by carrying corpse to its home.

E138.1. E138.1. Deer foster parent of hero comes alive from its burial hill when youth returns to spot and carries him off to jungle again. India: Thompson-Balys.

E141. E141. Resuscitation: ghosts deceived so that they cannot find way back to grave. India: Thompson-Balys.

E142. E142. Resuscitation by polishing sword that contains dead man‘s life. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E149. E149. Means of resuscitation--miscellaneous.

E149.1. E149.1. Human bone, found in demon’s stomach wrapped in silk with bow and arrow, becomes a boy. India: Thompson-Balys.

E149.2. E149.2. Resuscitation of decapitated princess by hero by imitating ogre‘s actions of night before: passing sword three times up and down her throat. India: Thompson-Balys.

E149.3. E149.3. Resuscitation from touch of a child at his first walking. India: Thompson-Balys.

E150. E150. Circumstances of resuscitation.

E151. E151. Repeated resuscitation. A person dies and is resuscitated repeatedly. *Zwierzina Legenden der Mдrtyrer vom unzerstцrbaren Leben. (Innsbrucker Festgruss dargebracht der 50. Versammlung deutscher Philologen in Graz).--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Georgian: Wardrop Georgian Folk-Tales (London, 1894) 59 No. 10; India: Thompson-Balys.--N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand 296 No. 51, (Chilcotin): Farrand JE II 22 No. 8, (Yuki): Kroeber UCal IV 185, (Osage): Dorsey FM VII 43 No. 36, (Navaho): Matthews MAFLS V 93; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 298f., 463; S. A. Indian (Ackawoi): Alexander Lat. Am. 270; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 75 No. 36.

E152. E152. Body still warm restored to life. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152.

E155. E155. Periodic resuscitation. (Cf. D620.) Return to life at regular intervals. *Cosquin Contes indiens 18ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E155.1. E155.1. Slain warriors revive nightly. Continue fighting the next day. *Krappe Balor 132ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 546; Irish myth: *Cross, Beal IV 342, 454, V 210; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 176, Fb “kamp”, Panzer Hilde-Gudrun 327ff., Herrmann Saxo II 364, *Boberg; Hindu: Tawney I 476.

E155.1.1. E155.1.1. Constant replacement of fighters. In contest between gods and demons, latter are constantly slain and replaced. Hindu: Keith 150.

E155.1.2. E155.1.2. Soldiers of magic army constantly revived. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E155.2. E155.2. Annual resuscitation of a god. (Cf. A192.1.) Greek: Fox 156 (Zeus), 218 (Dionysus), 230 (Persephone); Babylonian: Spence 132 (Adonis, Tammuz).

E155.3. E155.3. Nightly resuscitation of man with external soul. When enemy takes off necklace containing the soul he revives, but dies again when it is put on. India: Thompson-Balys.

E155.4. E155.4. Person dead during day, revived at night. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E155.4.1. E155.4.1. Woman alive by day, dead by night. Irish myth: Cross.

E155.5. E155.5. Slain pigs revive nightly. Irish myth: *Cross.

E155.5.1. E155.5.1. Calf, slain at night, alive next day through power of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

E155.6. E155.6. King eaten every morning: revived daily. India: Thompson-Balys.

E156. E156. Gradual resuscitation--one organ at a time. Korean: Zong in-Sob 47.

E161. E161. Killed game revives and flies away. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 303 n. 109e; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 159 No. 20.

E162. E162. Resuscitation impossible after certain length of time. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 97 No. 7 (ten days); Africa (Vai): Ellis 200 No. 18 (three days).

E162.0.1. E162.0.1. Resuscitation after great length of time. (Cf. D1857.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E162.1. E162.1. Resuscitation even possible after three days. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 308.

E162.2. E162.2. Dead man tries in vain to come back to life. (Cf. E1.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 347.

E163. E163. Man kept alive by consecrated sword. (Cf. D1081, E765.3.0.1.) Irish: Plummer clxxxv, *Cross.

E165. E165. Resuscitation of wife by husband giving up half his remaining life. (Sometimes vice versa). *Type 612; *BP I 126, 129; *Wesselski Mдrchen 188; *Chauvin VIII 120 No. 104; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 93, 193; Jewish: bin Gorion I 372; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer VIII 117; Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 226; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IX No. 108.

E165.1. E165.1. One man prays either to keep friend from death or for both to die. Both allowed to live. Jewish: bin Gorion II 171f., 349.

E165.2. E165.2. Husband resuscitated after wife‘s nose is cut off and thrown over grave. India: Thompson-Balys.

E166. E166. Return from dead granted for definite time. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 126 (three hours); Hindu: Keith 114 (100 years).

E167. E167. Man given ability to return to life if killed. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 301.

E168. E168. Cooked animal comes to life. (Cf. E155.5.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E168.1. E168.1. Roasted cock comes to life and crows. English: Child I 233--242, 505, II 8, 501b, III 502f., IV 451f., V 212a, 288a.

E171. E171. Flayed animal resuscitated. Irish myth: Cross.

E174. E174. Bones wrapped in sheepskin inscribed with holy name revive. Jewish: *Neuman.

E174.1. E174.1. Ashes of burnt hero revive. Jewish: *Neuman.

E175. E175. Death thought sleep. Resuscitated person thinks he has been sleeping. He exclaims, “How long I have been asleep!” *Kцhler-Bolte 555; Wesselski Mдrchen 192.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Dixon 235; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 319 n. 154, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 57; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 502.

E176. E176. Resuscitation in order to baptize. Irish myth: Cross.

E177. E177. Resuscitated man relates visions of beyond. (Cf. E480, V511.) Irish myth: Cross.

E178. E178. Resurrection at Judgment Day. Jewish: *Neuman.

E181. E181. Means of resuscitation learned. India: Thompson-Balys.

E181.1. E181.1. Husband advised how to resuscitate his wife: lift her up and turn her around so her head rests upon the brick which had been under her feet. India: Thompson-Balys.

E181.1.1. E181.1.1. Man advised how to resuscitate his mother: break waternuts on her head: she would revive and live one year for each nut broken. India: Thompson-Balys.

E181.2. E181.2. Student revives whole family following instructions given by demon. Chinese: Graham.

E182. E182. Dead body incorruptible. Beard and fingernails continue to grow. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E185. E185. Resuscitation when murder is discovered. India: Thompson-Balys.

E185.1. E185.1. Resuscitation after murderer is buried in the earth, wood laid over him, and a lighted lamp on its top. India: Thompson-Balys.

E186. E186. Failure at resuscitation.

E186.1. E186.1. Attempted resuscitation fails because of overanxiety. S. A. Indian (Kaiguб): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 139.

E200--E599.

E200--E599. GHOSTS AND OTHER REVENANTS

E200--E299.

E200--E299. Malevolent return from the dead.

E200. E200. Malevolent return from the dead. *Fb “spшgelse” III 520b; *Carrington and Nandor Haunted People (New York, 1951); English: Child IV 416, V 303b; U.S. (New York State): *L. C. Jones JAFL LVII 237ff., New York History XXIV 177ff., Spooks of the Valley (Boston, 1948); (Pennsylvania): Balys MWF II 47--52; Icelandic: *Boberg; Norwegian: *Solheim Register 17; India: Thompson-Balys; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 316; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 64.

E210. E210. Dead lover’s malevolent return. *R. Arbesmann The Dead Bridegroom in South American Folklore (Thought XIX [March 1944] 95--111); North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 114 No. 8.

E211. E211. Dead sweetheart haunts faithless lover. English: Child I 426; U.S.: Baughman, (North Carolina): Brown Collection I 676, (New York): Jones JAFL LVII 245; Corsican: Ortoli Contes Pop. de la Corse (Paris, 1883) 322, 330.

E211.1. E211.1. Dead sweetheart in the form of a white rabbit follows seducer. England: *Baughman.

E211.2. E211.2. Dead sweetheart appears to seducer every evening, even after he has married another woman. England: Baughman.

E212. E212. Dead lover sets tasks. If girl does not perform them (or answer his questions) he will carry her off. Child IV 439ff.

E214. E214. Dead lover haunts faithless sweetheart.

E214.1. E214.1. Dead lover returns to dance with fickle sweetheart at her wedding. U.S.: Baughman.

E215. E215. The Dead Rider (Lenore). Dead lover returns and takes sweetheart with him on horseback. She is sometimes saved at the grave by the crowing of the cock, though the experience is usually fatal. *Type 365; *Fb “dшd” I 228a, “ride” III 53a, “spшgelse” III 520ab; Krumbacher Zs. f. vgl. Litt. N. F. I (1887) 214--220; Wlislocki ibid. N.F. XI (1897) 467; Borker Germania XXXI 117; Dieterich Zs. f. Vksk. XII 147;--England: Child V 60ff., 303; England, U.S.: *Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 No. 28.

E217. E217. Fatal kiss from dead. English: Child I 439, II 229ff., 236f., III 512f., IV 474f.

E218. E218. Spells to recall dead lover. Boiling dead man’s head, bones, or carcass in a pot, or burning a piece of lover‘s clothing or cat in a hot oven. English: Child V 61.

E220. E220. Dead relative’s malevolent return. *Fb “spшgelse” III 520b; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3531; West Indies: Flowers 428.

E221. E221. Dead spouse’s malevolent return. Usually to protest with survivor because of evil ways. English: Child II 281 No. 86; Danish: Grundtvig Danmarks Gamle Folkeviser No. 89b; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3526; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 114 No. 6; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 6 No. 47; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245; West Indies: Flowers 428.

E221.1. E221.1. Dead wife haunts husband on second marriage. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 146; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 185; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E221.2. E221.2. Dead wife returns to reprove husband‘s second wife. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories 129.

E221.2.1. E221.2.1. Dead wife returns to reprove husband’s second wife for abusing her step-children. N. A. Indian (Fox): Jones PAES I 153.

E221.3. E221.3. Dead husband returns to reprove wife‘s second husband (lover). Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E221.4. E221.4. Dead husband returns to protest wife’s spending his money. U.S.: Baughman.

E221.5. E221.5. Dead wife torments husband who has let her die of neglect. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E222. E222. Dead mother‘s malevolent return. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 94, 104, Beal XXI 330, 333.

E222.0.1. E222.0.1. Mother haunts daughter. England: Baughman.

E222.1. E222.1. Mother‘s ghost tries to tear daughter to pieces. English: Child V 303b.

E222.2. E222.2. Dead mother haunts daughter who marries against mother’s will. England: Baughman.

E222.3. E222.3. Dead mother returns to invoke curse on murderer-son. Greek: Aeschylus Eumenides line 115.

E225. E225. Ghost of murdered child. English: *Child I 218 No. 20; Tobler 30; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 114 No. 9; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 9; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 3; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 241, 244; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 392, 410, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 181.

E225.1. E225.1. Ghost of abortion. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 274, 392, 410, 439, Holm 88, Rasmussen III 181f.

E226. E226. Dead brother’s return.

E226.1. E226.1. Dead brother reproves sister‘s pride. English: Child I 428ff.

E228. E228. The dead daughter reproaches her mother for putting her dowery into coffin. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E229. E229. Dead relative’s malevolent return--miscellaneous.

E229.1. E229.1. “If I were not your next of kin.” Ghost tells man that otherwise he would tear him into pieces. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 29.

E230. E230. Return from dead to inflict punishment.

E231. E231. Return from dead to reveal murder. Fb “gjenganger” I 443b, “lig” II 411b; Wimberly 261; England, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 677; West Indies: Flowers 429; Jewish: bin Gorion V 213, 306, *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.--N. A. Indian (Fox): Jones PAES I 93ff., (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 173 No. 33, 670 No. 129; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 39, Rasmussen III 145, Kroeber JAFL XII 181, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 236; Africa (Fang): Tessman 118.

E231.1. E231.1. Ghost tells name of murderer. Wales: Baughman.

E231.2. E231.2. Ghost skeleton points lance at murderer. U.S.: Baughman.

E231.3. E231.3. Ghost light hovers over hiding place of body of murdered person. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E231.4. E231.4. Noise of chains leads to buried ghost. (Cf. E402.1.4.) England: Baughman.

E231.5. E231.5. Ghost returns to murderer, causes him to confess. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E232. E232. Return from the dead to slay wicked person. Alphabet No. 772; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 111.

E232.1. E232.1. Return from dead to slay own murderer. U.S.: *Baughman.

E232.2. E232.2. Ghost returns to slay man who has injured it while living. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E232.3. E232.3. Ghost kills man who interferes with ghostly activity. U.S.: Baughman.

E232.4. E232.4. Ghost returns to slay enemies. U.S.: Baughman; S. A. Indian (Guaporй River): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 378.

E234. E234. Ghost punishes injury received in life.

E234.0.1. E234.0.1. Ghost returns to demand vengeance. (Cf. E232.2.) U.S.: *Baughman.

E234.1. E234.1. Ghost slaps face of son who cheated him out of property. A cancer grows on son‘s face. Canada: Baughman.

E234.2. E234.2. Ghost stampedes stolen cattle being driven past his ranch. U.S.: Baughman.

E234.3. E234.3. Return from dead to avenge death (murder). Irish myth: Cross; England, U.S.: *Baughman (E233).

E234.4. E234.4. Ghost an unjustly executed man. Real murderer found. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 194.

E235. E235. Return from dead to punish indignities to corpse, or ghost. Ireland: Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3532; India: Thompson-Balys.

E235.1. E235.1. Ghost punishes person who mocks him. Fb “sjжl” III 214b, “gjenganger” I 443b; Spanish Exempla: Keller; U.S.: Baughman.

E235.2. E235.2. Ghost returns to demand proper burial. Fb “lig” II 411b; Irish: *Cross, Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 199.

E235.2.1. E235.2.1. Dead man speaks demanding proper funeral rites. India: Thompson-Balys.

E235.2.2. E235.2.2. Ghost returns because corpse was not properly burned. India: Thompson-Balys.

E235.3. E235.3. Return from dead as punishment for trying to raise ghost. (Cf. E384ff., F491.7.) Ghost accuses man of stealing a trifle and thus has revenge. Fb “stjжle” III 575b; England: *Baughman.

E235.4. E235.4. Return from dead to punish theft of part of corpse. (Cf. E419.7.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 6 No. 49.

E235.4.1. E235.4.1. Return from dead to punish theft of golden arm from grave. *Type 366; Kцhler-Bolte I 47, 133.--Gascon: Bladй II 324 No. 4; English: Baughman.

E235.4.2. E235.4.2. Return from dead to punish theft of leg from grave. *Type 366; BP III 480; Kцhler-Bolte I 133; Fb “rжdehistorie”.--English: Baughman; French: Cosquin Lorraine II 76 No. 41; Gascon Bladй II 328 No. 5.

E235.4.3. E235.4.3. Return from dead to punish theft of bone from grave. *Type 366; Fb “menneskeben” II 579a; Kцhler-Bolte I 133; England, U.S.: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “os”.

E235.4.4. E235.4.4. Return from dead to punish theft of liver from man on gallows. *Type 366; *BP III 478; Fb “lever” II 404b.

E235.4.5. E235.4.5. Return from dead to punish theft of skull. England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 115 Nos. 14, 15; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 29.

E235.4.6. E235.4.6. Return from dead to punish theft of teeth. U.S. (S. Carolina): Baughman.

E235.5. E235.5. Return from dead to punish kicking of skull. (Cf. C13.) N. A. Indian (Tlingit): Swanton BBAE XXXIX 247 No. 86.

E235.6. E235.6. Return from dead to punish disturber of grave. England, U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: bin Gorion II 160, 348, 360, Neuman.

E235.7. E235.7. Return from the dead to capture thief. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E235.8. E235.8. Corpse of saint sits up and looks at people who open grave and come to claim his body. India: Thompson-Balys.

E236. E236. Return from dead to demand stolen property. *Fb “spшgelse” III 520a; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3565; N. Carolina: Brown Collection I 676.

E236.1. E236.1. Return from dead to demand clothing stolen from grave. Type 366; Fb “dшd” I 228, “ligskjorte” II 425; *BP III 482 n. 1; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 116 No. 16; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3534.

E236.1.1. E236.1.1. Return from dead to demand ring stolen from corpse. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3533, Balys Ghosts; England, U.S.: Baughman; U.S. (N. Carolina): Brown Collection I 676.

E236.2. E236.2. Return from dead to demand stolen children. Tobler 84.

E236.3. E236.3. Return from the dead to warn thief that he will be punished. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

E236.4. E236.4. Return from the dead because last will was not fulfilled. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E236.4.1. E236.4.1. Ghost appears at time of death, foils lawyer who is counterfeiting a will for the newly-deceased. England, Holland: *Baughman.

E236.4.2. E236.4.2. Ghost appears to remind his brother of the terms of his will. U.S.: Baughman.

E236.5. E236.5. Return from dead to demand money stolen from corpse. Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 161 No. 29.

E236.6. E236.6. Ghost drives away his relatives who are trying to get estate from his wife. England, U.S.: Baughman.

E236.7. E236.7. Ghostly noises disturb village until stolen church plate is returned. (Cf. E402.) England: Baughman.

E236.8. E236.8. Ghost seeks repayment of stolen money. England, Wales: *Baughman.

E238. E238. Dinner with the dead. Dead man is invited to dinner. Takes his host to other world. *Type 470; **MacKay; Hartland Science 192f.; U.S.: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “repas”; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 470A*; Estonian: Aarne in FFC XX No. 472*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 835*. Cf. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 79.

E238.1. E238.1. Dance with the dead. Girl invites dead to come from grave and dance with her. Difficult escape. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 365B*; Balys Ghosts (E225.8); Prussian: Plenzat 20.

E241. E241. Ghosts punish intruders into ghost town. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 238, 240.

E242. E242. Ghosts punish intruders into mass (procession) of ghosts. Kцhler-Bolte I 133; Gascon: Bladй II 266 No. 3; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 112f. Nos. 1, 2; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3558; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 1; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 1; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 48 Nos 64, 65.

E243. E243. Ghosts attack bishop who has suspended priest for singing for all Christian souls. Alphabet No. 686; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E245. E245. Ghosts punish failure to provide for their wants. Haunt man because he does not leave food and drink for them. Corsican: Ortoli Contes de la Corse (Paris, 1883) 337; Africa (Kweli): Sieber 90.

E246. E246. Ghosts punish failure to sacrifice to them. Greek: Grote I 278; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109; Africa: Werner African 198.

E247. E247. Ghost kills man who had had ghost exorcised for too short a time. England: Baughman.

E250. E250. Bloodthirsty revenants.

E251. E251. Vampire. Corpse which comes from grave at night and sucks blood. (Cf. B16.7.1, E268.) *Types 307, 363; *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 322 (327 bibliography of literary treatments); *v. Negelein ibid. XIV 19; *Jaworskij ibid. VIII 331; *Hock Die Vampyrsagen und ihre Verwertung in der deutschen Literatur (Berlin, 1900); *Penzer VI 136, X 346 s.v. “vampires”, 350 s.v. “Vetala”; *Fb “blod” IV 47a, “vampyr” IV 361b; *Kittredge Witchcraft 43, 397 n. 160; *Havecost Die Vampirsage in England (1914); Stetson The Animistic Vampire in New England (AA o.s. IX [1896] 1ff.); *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “Vampire”; Summers **The Vampire in Europe (London, 1929), **The Vampire, its Kith and Kin (London, 1928); *Feilberg Am Urquell III 331ff., VI 84; Wehrhan Die Sage 62; *E. Jobbй-Duval Les morts malfaisants (Paris, 1924)--England: Tupper and Ogle, Map 125f.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “vampirisme”; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3543; Greek: Fox 278 (Stringes); Slavic: Mбchal 231f.; Assyrian: Spence 265; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 231f.; Kai (German New Guinea): ibid. 143; West Indies: Flowers 429; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 357 n. 287e; S. A. Indian (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 329.

E251.1. E251.1. Vampire’s power overcome. Penzer VI 138.

E251.1.1. E251.1.1. Vampire‘s power overcome by endurance and prayer. Hero continues to pray without looking or speaking while vampire punishes him. *Type 307; Japanese: Ikeda.

E251.1.2. E251.1.2. Hand of vampire severed by cutting off hand of drawn figure. Penzer IX 27 n. 1.

E251.2. E251.2. Vampire brought to life.

E251.2.1. E251.2.1. Vampire brought to life through endurance of punishment by her victim. *Type 307.

E251.2.2. E251.2.2. Prince plucks from grave of vampire a flower which later becomes a girl. *BP II 126f.

E251.2.3. E251.2.3. Vampire brought to life by being fed human food and drink. Africa (Ronga): Junod Les Chants et les Contes des Ba-Ronga de la baie de Delagoa (Lausanne, 1897) 317ff. No. 30.

E251.3. E251.3. Deeds of vampires.

E251.3.1. E251.3.1. Vampires eat corpses. *Type 363.--Cf. Fb “hud” I 661; India: Thompson-Balys.

E251.3.1.1. E251.3.1.1. Ghosts roast girl daily in oven and devour her flesh. India: Thompson-Balys.

E251.3.2. E251.3.2. Vampire milks cows dry. *Kittredge Witchcraft 166, 485 n. 27.

E251.3.3. E251.3.3. Vampire sucks blood. U.S.: *Baughman.

E251.3.4. E251.3.4. Ghost sucks people’s breath. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 173.

E251.4. E251.4. Form of Vampire.

E251.4.1. E251.4.1. Vampire with elephant face. Penzer VII 163.

E251.4.2. E251.4.2. Vampire with ass‘s ears. Penzer VII 163.

E251.4.3. E251.4.3. Vampire with eyes of owls. Penzer VII 163.

E251.4.4. E251.4.4. God with form and characteristics of vampire. India: Thompson-Balys.

E251.5. E251.5. Vampire plant. U.S.: Baughman.

E253. E253. Ghost tries to kill person for food. Africa (Nyang): Ittman 58.

E255. E255. Ghosts flay corpse. Fb “hud” I 661.

E256. E256. Ghosts eat corpse. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 238.

E257. E257. Ghosts seek firewood to roast man. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99.

E259. E259. Bloodthirsty revenants--miscellaneous.

E259.1. E259.1. Corpse bites off woman’s nose. India: Thompson-Balys.

E259.2. E259.2. Ghosts may eat only female animals. Africa (Bulu): Krug 108f.

E260. E260. Other malevolent revenants.

E261. E261. Wandering ghost makes attack. Unprovoked and usually unmotivated. Irish: Jacobs Celtic 200, Kennedy 180, O‘Suilleabhain 30, 99, Beal XXI 309, 331; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 246; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3542, Legends No. 712; Russian: Ralston 271, 274, 313; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 27 Nos. 229--240; cf. 2 Nos. 15--17; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 11; N. A. Indian (Kathlamet): Boas BBAE XXVI 182, 184 (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 225.

E261.1. E261.1. Wandering skull pursues man. *Brown The Wandering Skull (Am. Journ. Philology XI 423ff.); Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen I 299; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 342.

E261.1.1. E261.1.1. Ghost’s flying head attacks slayer. Japanese: Anesaki 307.

E261.1.2. E261.1.2. Speaking skull tells about previous life, reveals future events, etc. Krappe Moyen Age XXVII (1926); India: *Thompson-Balys.

E261.1.3. E261.1.3. Hero attacked by revenant with half a head, carrying man with half a body. (Cf. E461, E422.1.1, F511.0.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

E261.2. E261.2. Dead arises when shroud bursts and pursues attendant. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 113 No. 3; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *369; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 3; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 4.

E261.2.1. E261.2.1. Coffin bursts; dead arises and pursues attendant. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E261.3. E261.3. Man attacked on Christmas night by dancing ghosts. Finnish: Swedish Wessman 6 No. 46.

E261.4. E261.4. Ghost pursues man. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 677, 681; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 409, 463, Rasmussen III 182, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 62.

E261.4.1. E261.4.1. Ghost of witch in her coffin chases man. U.S.: Baughman.

E261.5. E261.5. Ghost beats living man with whip. U.S.: Baughman.

E262. E262. Ghost rides on man‘s back. *Fb “ryg” III 103a, “spшgelse” III 520a; E. H. Meyer Germanische 76; Schцnbach Sitzungsberichte d. Phil. Hist. Classe der Kaiserl. Akad. d. Wiss. zu. Wien CXXXIX (1890) 135; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3511.

E263. E263. Adulteress returns from dead as devastating dragon. *Herbert III 18, 279.

E264. E264. Ghost drives priest into oven. Fb “ovn” II 774a.

E265. E265. Meeting ghost causes misfortune. Fb “spшgelse” III 519b.

E265.1. E265.1. Meeting ghost causes sickness. (Cf. D2064.)

E265.1.1. E265.1.1. Blow received from a spirit at night; that side paralyzed. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts; England: *Baughman.

E265.1.2. E265.1.2. Ghost of father slaps son‘s face; a cancer grows there. Canada: Baughman.

E265.1.3. E265.1.3. Ghost strikes man in face, making his mouth crooked. Ireland: Baughman.

E265.2. E265.2. Meeting ghost causes person to go mad. (Cf. D2065.) Ireland, U.S.: Baughman.

E265.3. E265.3. Meeting ghost causes death. (Cf. E574.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E266. E266. Dead carry off living. Wimberly 257; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 468; Africa (Bulu): Krug 109.

E266.1. E266.1. Ghost of suicide drags people into stream. England: *Baughman.

E266.1.1. E266.1.1. Ghost claims a life every seven years by drowning person in river. England: *Baughman.

E266.2. E266.2. Ghost leads people to commit suicide. U.S.: Baughman.

E267. E267. Dead tears living to pieces. Wimberly 264.

E268. E268. Ghost (revenant) kills by spewing water from his mouth on Hallowe’en. (Cf. F211.1.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E271. E271. Sea-ghosts. Ghosts which haunt the sea. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40ff. Nos. 6, 17--22.

E271.1. E271.1. Ghost brings disaster on sailors. U.S., England: *Baughman.

E271.2. E271.2. Sea-ghost predicting death. Norwegian: Solheim Register 17.

E272. E272. Road-ghosts. (Cf. E332ff., E582.) Ghosts which haunt roads. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 10; England, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 248; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 674.

E272.1. E272.1. Ghost rides in cart. Horse can scarcely pull cart, later dies or goes mad. (Cf. D1654.9, E332, E411.0.3.) Ireland, England: Baughman.

E272.2. E272.2. Ghost rides behind rider on horse. (Cf. E215.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E272.3. E272.3. Ghost frightens people off bridge into stream. England, Wales: *Baughman.

E272.4. E272.4. Ghost chases pedestrian on road. England: Baughman.

E272.5. E272.5. Ghost misleads traveler on road. See similar actions of fairies, witches, Will-o-the-wisp. (Cf. F402.1.1.) Wales: Baughman.

E273. E273. Churchyard ghosts. Fb “spшgelse” III 519b; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 8; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 675.

E273.1. E273.1. Ghosts prevent burial of corpse. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 6 No. 44.

E274. E274. Gallows ghost. Ghost haunts gallows. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 9; U.S.: Baughman.

E275. E275. Ghost haunts place of great accident or misfortune. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 25 No. 225.

E275.1. E275.1. Ghost haunts mine after tragedy. (Cf. E336.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E276. E276. Ghosts haunt tree. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 679.

E278. E278. Ghosts haunt spring. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 678.

E279. E279. Malevolent revenants--miscellaneous.

E279.1. E279.1. The ghost haunts outside at night in human shape. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E279.2. E279.2. Ghost disturbs sleeping person. (Cf. E281.2.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E279.3. E279.3. Ghost pulls bedclothing from sleeper. England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E279.4. E279.4. Ghost haunts park, terrifies watchers. England: Baughman.

E279.5. E279.5. Ghost violently brands drunkard with “D”. U.S.: Baughman.

E279.6. E279.6. Ghost punishes person who molests him. England, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman.

E279.7. E279.7. Ghosts blow smithy into air. India: Thompson-Balys.

E280. E280. Ghosts haunt buildings. (Cf. H1411.)

E281. E281. Ghosts haunt house. (It is sometimes hard to tell whether haunters are supposed to be ghosts or familiar spirits of some kind.) *Type 326; BP I 22ff.; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 290, 299; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 33, Beal XXI 310; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman (F470); North Carolina: Brown Collection I 669, 671; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 248; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 46, 323 No. 101; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3505; Finnish-Swedish Wessman 25 Nos. 220--222.

E281.0.1. E281.0.1. Ghost kills man who stays in haunted house. U.S.: Baughman.

E281.1. E281.1. Hungry ghosts haunt house seeking food. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 241.

E281.2. E281.2. Ghostly horse enters house and puts hoofs on breast of sleeper. Tobler 50.

E281.3. E281.3. Ghost haunts particular room in house. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E282. E282. Ghosts haunt castle. (Cf. F771.4.5.) Type 1160.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chвteau”.

E283. E283. Ghosts haunt church. *Type 326.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йglise”, “chapelle”; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 7.

E284. E284. Ghost haunts cloister. Herbert III 83 (Йtienne de Bourbon).

E285. E285. Ghost haunts well, prevents drawing water after dark. England: Baughman.

E290. E290. Malevolent return from the dead--miscellaneous.

E291. E291. Ghosts protect hidden treasure.

E291.1. E291.1. Person burying treasure kills person to supply guardian ghost. U.S.: Baughman.

E291.2. E291.2. Form of treasure-guarding ghost.

E291.2.1. E291.2.1. Ghost in human form guards treasure. Canada, England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E291.2.2. E291.2.2. Ghost animal guards treasure. U.S.: *Baughman.

E292. E292. Ghost causes storms. England: *Baughman.

E293. E293. Ghosts frighten people (deliberately). England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E293.1. E293.1. Ghost scares thief, prevents theft. England: *Baughman.

E293.2. E293.2. Ghost scares card players. U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E299. E299. Miscellaneous acts of malevolent ghosts.

E299.1. E299.1. Ghost causes machinery to run unattended. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E299.2. E299.2. Ghost prevents removal of box from abbey. The box takes on miraculous weight. England: Baughman.

E299.3. E299.3. Ghost upsets farmers‘ wagons. England: Baughman.

E299.4. E299.4. Ghost breaks windows. U.S.: Baughman.

E299.5. E299.5. Ghost unties boats, setting them adrift. Canada: Baughman.

E300--E399.

E300--E399. Friendly return from the dead.

E300. E300. Friendly return from the dead. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 331; Jewish: Neuman.

E310. E310. Dead lover’s friendly return. (Cf. E210.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; German: Erk-Bцhme Deutscher Liederhort No. 201a; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories (New York, 1889) 191, Dorsey CI LIX 126 No. 34, (Sioux): Dorsey RBAE XI 490, (Zuсi): Cushing 19.

E311. E311. Return from dead to return and ask back love tokens. English: Child II 228.

E320. E320. Dead relative‘s friendly return.

E321. E321. Dead husband‘s friendly return.

E321.1. E321.1. Dead husband sends his ring to his wife. Fb “ring”.

E321.2. E321.2. Dead husband returns and lives with his wife. He is invisible to others. (Cf. F378.) N. A. Indian (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II (1889) 148.

E321.2.1. E321.2.1. Dead husband returns, helps wife knit socks, piece quilts. She shows his work as proof. U.S.: Baughman.

E321.2.2. E321.2.2. Dead man visits his wife every night. India: Thompson-Balys.

E321.3. E321.3. Dead husband returns, asks wife to make him coffee. U.S.: Baughman.

E321.4. E321.4. Ghost often visits his widow and her new husband. England: Baughman.

E321.5. E321.5. Ghost appears often to wife and daughter. U.S.: Baughman.

E322. E322. Dead wife‘s friendly return. (Cf. E221.2.) Irish: O’Suilleabhain 104, Beal XXI 333; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Smith RBAE II 103, (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories (New York, 1889) 129, (Osage): Dorsey FM VII 43 No. 36.

E322.1. E322.1. Dead wife returns and bears children for husband. *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323.

E322.2. E322.2. Dead wife returns to wake husband. *Types 403, 450.--New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245.

E322.2.1. E322.2.1. Dead wife returns and asks husband to go with her to spirit world. India: Thompson-Balys.

E322.3. E322.3. Wife in heaven by day, with husband by night. Hindu: Tawney II 577.

E322.4. E322.4. Dead wife returns in form of bird. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 183; India: Thompson-Balys.

E322.5. E322.5. Man carries his dead wife with him. *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323f.

E322.6. E322.6. Dead wife returns to live with her husband until his death. U.S.: *Baughman; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

E322.7. E322.7. Dead wife returns to another person to have him write a letter to her husband. England: Baughman.

E322.8. E322.8. Return from dead and remarriage to husband. Chinese: Graham.

E322.9. E322.9. Man talks to dead wife in grave. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 453.

E323. E323. Dead mother‘s friendly return. *Jellinek Zs f. Vksk. XIV 323f.; *Fb “moder” II 600b, “spшgelse” III 520a; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mиre”; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3527; Jewish: *Neuman.

E323.1. E323.1. Dead mother returns to see baby. U.S.: Baughman.

E323.1.1. E323.1.1. Dead mother returns to suckle child. *Types 403, 450; *BP I 96; *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 No. 27; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 260; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 263, (Luiseсo): DuBois UCal VIII 153; Africa (Kweli): Sieber 89; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 266 No. 74, 275 No. 88.

E323.1.2. E323.1.2. Dead mother returns to care for neglected baby. Tobler 92f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Papua: Ker 131; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 67.

E323.2. E323.2. Dead mother returns to aid persecuted children. *Types 510A, 511, 923; Cox 475 n. 4; *BP I 165ff.; *MacCulloch Childhood 108; *Cosquin Contes indiens 504ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; Jewish: Neuman; Oceanic (Hawaii, Indonesia, Micronesia, Melanesia): Dixon 89 nn. 97--100; West Indies: Flowers 429; Africa (Cameroons): Mansfield 228.

E323.2.1. E323.2.1. Dead mother (in animal form) returns to aid persecuted children. Chinese: Graham.

E323.3. E323.3. Dead mother called up from grave to give her son charms. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 124.

E323.4. E323.4. Advice from dead mother. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq III 291ff.

E323.5. E323.5. Mother returns to search for dead child. England, Ireland: *Baughman.

E323.6. E323.6. Mother returns to encourage daughter in great difficulties. England: Baughman.

E323.7. E323.7. Dead mother makes son strong. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 158.

E324. E324. Dead child’s friendly return to parents. Frequently to stop weeping. (Cf. P230.) *BP II 485; *Fb “hеnd” I 765a; Dieterich Zs. f. Vksk. XII 147; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 41, Beal XXI 315; English: Child II 238f., III 244f., 247, V 241, Baughman; U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3525; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Chinese: Werner 314; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories (New York, 1889) 145; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 161.

E324.1. E324.1. Voice of son answers his mother from the grave only when called by his pet name. India: Thompson-Balys.

E324.2. E324.2. Ghost family visits grave of father. England: Baughman.

E325. E325. Dead sister’s friendly return. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 98; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 178.

E326. E326. Dead brother’s friendly return. Dieterich Zs. f. Vksk. XII 147; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 102, Beal XXI 332; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 446.

E327. E327. Dead father’s friendly return. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; U.S.: Baughman; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 195; Latin: Virgil Aeneid V 724; Chinese: Graham.

E327.1. E327.1. Dead father returns to daughter to stop her weeping. (Cf. E324.) Scotland: Baughman.

E327.2. E327.2. Dead father returns to encourage daughter in childbirth. U.S.: Baughman.

E327.3. E327.3. Dead father returns to clear son‘s name of crime. England: *Baughman.

E327.4. E327.4. Ghost of father returns to rebuke child. U.S.: Baughman.

E327.5. E327.5. Dead father returns in form of bird. (Cf. E322.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E330. E330. Locations haunted by non-malevolent dead. (Cf. E270--E284 for locations haunted by malevolent ghosts.).

E332. E332. Non-malevolent road ghosts. (Cf. E272, E581, E582.)

E332.1. E332.1. Ghost appears at road and stream. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E332.2. E332.2. Person meets ghost on road. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E332.3. E332.3. Ghost on road asks traveler for ride. (Cf. E581, E582.)

E332.3.1. E332.3.1. Ghost rides on horseback with rider. (Cf. E215.) U.S.: Baughman.

E332.3.2. E332.3.2. Ghost rides in carriage, disappears suddenly at certain spot. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E332.3.3. E332.3.3. Ghost asks for ride in automobile.

E332.3.3.1. E332.3.3.1. The Vanishing Hitchhiker. Ghost of young woman asks for ride in automobile, disappears from closed car without the driver’s knowledge, after giving him address to which she wishes to be taken. Driver asks person at address about the rider, finds she has been dead for some time. (Often driver finds that ghost has made similar attempts to return, usually on anniversary of death in automobile accident. Often ghost leaves some item such as a scarf or a traveling bag in car.) **Beardsley and Hankey California Folklore Quarterly I 303ff.; Hawaii, U.S.: *Baughman.

E332.3.3.2. E332.3.3.2. Deity as ghostly rider. Hawaii: *Baughman.

E333. E333. Non-malevolent churchyard ghost. (Cf. E273.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E334. E334. Non-malevolent ghost haunts scene of former misfortune, crime, or tragedy. (See E336, E337, E338, E339.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E334.1. E334.1. Ghost haunts scene of former crime or sin. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E334.2. E334.2. Ghost haunts burial spot. (Cf. E411.1.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E334.2.1. E334.2.1. Ghost of murdered person haunts burial spot. (Cf. E413.) Canada, England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E334.2.2. E334.2.2. Ghost of person killed in accident seen at death or burial spot. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E334.2.3. E334.2.3. Ghost of tragic lover haunts scene of tragedy. (Cf. E337.3.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E334.3. E334.3. Ghost of person abandoned by faithless lover. (Cf. E211ff.) England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

E334.4. E334.4. Ghost of suicide seen at death spot or near by. (Cf. E411.1.1, E431.16.) England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E334.5. E334.5. Ghost of soldier haunts battlefield. England: *Baughman.

E336. E336. Non-malevolent mine ghosts. (Cf. E275.1, E334.5.1, F456.)

E336.1. E336.1. Helpful mine ghosts. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E336.2. E336.2. Mine ghosts annoy miners. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E337. E337. Ghost reenacts scene from own lifetime. U.S.: Baughman.

E337.1. E337.1. Sounds of re-enacted actions. (Cf. E402.)

E337.1.1. E337.1.1. Murder sounds heard just as they must have happened at time of death. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E337.1.2. E337.1.2. Sounds of accident re-enact tragedy. U.S.: *Baughman.

E337.1.3. E337.1.3. Sounds of revelry heard. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E337.1.4. E337.1.4. Sounds of driving cattle: horse‘s hoofs, whip-popping, calling to cattle, rattle of spurs: ghost of slain cowboy. U.S.: Baughman.

E337.2. E337.2. Re-enactment of tragedy seen. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E337.3. E337.3. Lovers’ tragedy re-enacted. (Cf. E334.5.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E338. E338. Non-malevolent ghost haunts building. See E281, E402. England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E338.1. E338.1. Non-malevolent ghost haunts house or castle. England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E338.2. E338.2. Non-malevolent ghost haunts church. (Cf. E283.) England: *Baughman.

E338.3. E338.3. Non-malevolent ghost haunts cloister. England: Baughman.

E340. E340. Return from dead to repay obligation.

E341. E341. The grateful dead. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 313; Icelandic: Boberg.

E341.1. E341.1. Dead grateful for having corpse ransomed. Corpse is being held unburied because of nonpayment of debts. Hero pays debt and secures burial of corpse.--*Types 505--508; **Liljeblad Die Tobiasgeschichte und andere Mдrchen mit toten Helfern; *BP III 490ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 5, 222ff., 424; **Gerould The Grateful Dead (London, 1908); *Goebel Jьdische Motive in mдrchenhaftem Erzдhlungsgut (Gleiwitz, 1932) 38ff.; *Fb “lig” II 412b, “dшd” I 228a.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mort”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 299 No. 13; Jewish: bin Gorion I 176, 374, V 76, 299, VI 224, 316; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit JE VIII 385 No. 93.

E341.1.1. E341.1.1. Dead grateful for having been spared indignity to corpse. Kind man has given it burial. U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

E341.2. E341.2. Dead grateful for food. N. A. Indian (Canadian Dakota): Wallis JAFL XXXVI 48.

E341.3. E341.3. Dead grateful for prayers. Tatlock MPh XXII 211f.; Alphabet Nos. 18, 519, 587; Nouvelles de Sens No. 15; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 102, Baughman.

E341.4. E341.4. Dead grateful for clothes (shirt). Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E341.5. E341.5. Grateful priest returns to save gambler from devil. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 36.

E342. E342. Dead return to fulfill bargain. Irish myth: *Cross.

E345. E345. Dead returns to repair injury. Fb “spшgelse” III 521b.

E345.1. E345.1. Dead returns to replace boundary marks he has removed. (Cf. E416.) *Fb “skjel” III 264a; Tobler 93; England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Miller NYFQ I 105f.; Irish: Beal XXI 310, O’Suilleabhain 33.

E351. E351. Dead returns to repay money debt. Herbert III 96 No. 38; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 327 No. 23; cf. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 13; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 53, 97, Beal XXI 319, 331; Scotland: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

E352. E352. Dead returns to restore stolen goods. *BP III 235; Tobler 65; Fb “gjenganger” I 443b.--Irish: O’Suilleabhain 98, Beal XXI 331; England: *Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 80, 327 No. 23.

E353. E353. Dead man asks that certain girl be married to him because in life he seduced her. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E360. E360. Other reasons for friendly return from the dead.

E361. E361. Return from the dead to stop weeping. *BP II 485; Wimberly 110, 230ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 433a s.v. “Eddamдrchen”; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 831; Legenda Aurea (ed. Grдsse) 132; *Fb “hеnd” I 765a, “tеre” III 947a, “grжde” IV 187b; Dieterich Zs. f. Vksk. XII 147.--Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Child II 234ff., 512., III 513, V 62, 294; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 2 No. 18; Persian: Carnoy 345.

E361.1. E361.1. Tear from upper world of mortals falls on departed in lower world. Dead brother sends message of comfort to living. N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Alexander N. Am. 137.

E361.2. E361.2. Return from dead to give consoling message. Irish myth: *Cross.

E361.3. E361.3. Dead son tells mother that no mortal escapes death. India: Thompson-Balys.

E363. E363. Ghost returns to aid living.

E363.1. E363.1. Ghost aids living in emergency. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E363.1.1. E363.1.1. Ghost substitutes for bride on her wedding journey. India: Thompson-Balys.

E363.2. E363.2. Ghost returns to protect the living. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

E363.3. E363.3. Ghost warns the living. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E363.4. E363.4. Dead reassures living. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E363.5. E363.5. Dead provide material aid to living. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E363.5.1. E363.5.1. Ghost of murdered girl appears and lends jewels needed for a ball in exchange for flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

E363.6. E363.6. Ghost aids living otherwise. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

E364. E364. Dead returns to say farewell. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3502, Balys Ghosts.

E365. E365. Return from dead to ask forgiveness. *Fb “tilgive”, Feilberg DF X 74f; Irish myth: *Cross; Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 115 No. 13.

E365.1. E365.1. Return of the dead to grant forgiveness. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

E366. E366. Return from dead to give counsel. (Cf. V229.1.) *Type 510; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 101, Beal XXI 332; Icelandic: *Boberg; Sicilian: Gonzenbach I 10 No. 3; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 no. 29; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 191; Korean: Zong in-Sob 133ff.--N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Smith RBAE II 104, (Onondaga): Jewitt RBAE XXI 148, 262, (Skidi Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VIII 49 No. 10, (Arapaho): Dorsey and Kroeber FM V 49, 259 Nos. 15, 110; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 219; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 110; Africa (Jaunde): Heepe 260, (Fang): Tessman 99f., 173, 193.

E366.1. E366.1. Laughing skull advises hero. (Cf. E545.) *Cosquin Йtudes 351ff.

E366.2. E366.2. Hanged man warns youth against visiting sweetheart. Takes youth’s place and receives shot meant for him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3566, Balys Ghosts.

E366.3. E366.3. Talking bones of eaten man advise hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

E367. E367. Return from dead to preach repentance. Wesselski Arlotto I 201 No. 29; Irish: Beal XXI 332, O‘Suilleabhain 100; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 3 No. 23.

E367.1. E367.1. Person who has spent two years in hell speaks of importance of religious experience. Irish myth: *Cross.

E367.2. E367.2. Saint returns from dead to give blessing. Irish myth: *Cross.

E367.3. E367.3. Return from dead to prophesy coming of Christ. (Cf. M363, M364.7.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E367.4. E367.4. Return from dead to convert to Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

E367.5. E367.5. Ghost of woman chides unbeliever. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 291.

E368. E368. Pupil returns from dead to warn master of futility of his studies. *Crane Vitry 145f. No. 31; Alphabet Nos. 151, 700; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E371. E371. Return from dead to reveal hidden treasure. (Cf. E276, E291, E419.11.2.) *Fb “spшgelse” III 521b; Tobler 34f.; Loomis White Magic 53; England, Wales, Ireland, Canada, U.S.: *Baughman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 827.

E371.1. E371.1. Return from dead to reveal whereabouts of stolen goods. Irish myth: Cross.

E371.2. E371.2. Return from dead to repeat forgotten epic. (Cf. A581, J1563.7.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E371.3. E371.3. Poet sings day after his death. (Cf. E342, E546.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E372. E372. Return from the dead to seek hidden treasure. U.S.: Baughman.

E373. E373. Ghosts bestow gifts on living.

E373.1. E373.1. Money received from ghosts as reward for bravery. A voice says: “I am letting it fall.” The man: “Let it.” Money falls to the ground. *Chauvin V 78 No. 22 n. 1; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 123 No. 46; cf. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 24 No. 216; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3626; India: Thompson-Balys.

E373.2. E373.2. Sword received from summoned dead father. Icelandic: Boberg.

E373.3. E373.3. Woman‘s hand rises from grave and gives man performing vigil letter of salvation. India: Thompson-Balys.

E373.4. E373.4. Dead returns to supply tribe with money demanded by landlord. Jewish: Neuman.

E374. E374. Dead returns to life and tells of journey to land of dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

E374.1. E374.1. Return of the dead to keep promise and tell of land of the dead. Two friends promise each other that the first to die will do so. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3570.

E375. E375. Return from dead to prevent flight of thief. Irish myth: Cross.

E376. E376. Ghost returns to confess misdeed. England: Baughman.

E376.1. E376.1. Saint returns from dead to exonerate cleric. Irish myth: Cross.

E377. E377. Return from dead to teach living. Jewish: Neuman.

E377.1. E377.1. Dead poet leaves grave mound to teach poem to herdsman: latter becomes great poet. Icelandic: Boberg.

E379. E379. Friendly return from the dead--other motifs.

E379.1. E379.1. Return from dead to rescue from drowning. Irish myth: Cross.

E379.2. E379.2. Anchorite’s body rises out of river in favor to disciple. India: Thompson-Balys.

E379.3. E379.3. Return from dead to protect friends. S. A. Indian (Guaporй River): Lйvy-Strauss III 378.

E379.4. E379.4. Ghost as confederate of man. India: Thompson-Balys.

E379.5. E379.5. Return from dead to make up enough men to perform ritual. Jewish: Neuman.

E380. E380. Ghost summoned. *Fb “mane” II 547a; Irish: Beal XXI 310; Scotland: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3513; Jewish: *Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E380.1. E380.1. Summoning souls punished: in hour of man‘s death they overwhelm him. India: Thompson-Balys.

E381. E381. Ghost summoned by weeping. See all references to E361. *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323f; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 281 n. 41.

E382. E382. Ghost summoned by pouring blood of sacrifices into trench. Greek: Fox 145.

E383. E383. Ghosts summoned by sacred book. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 32; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 138 No. 107; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 48 No. 107; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 597, 601; Korean: Zong in-Sob 205.

E384. E384. Ghost summoned by music.

E384.1. E384.1. Ghost summoned by beating drum. England: Baughman.

E384.2. E384.2. Ghost raised inadvertently by whistling. England: Baughman.

E384.3. E384.3. Ghost summoned by blast on horn (whistle). Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 29; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 110.

E385. E385. Vigil of husband at wife‘s grave calls her forth. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E385.1. E385.1. Husband ignored or discouraged by ghost wife. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E386. E386. Other means of summoning ghost.

E386.1. E386.1. Ghost summoned by holy water. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 312.

E386.2. E386.2. Ghost summoned by charm. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 98; MacCulloch Eddic 298--300, 312.

E386.3. E386.3. Ghosts summoned by calling them by name. Icelandic: *Boberg; England: Baughman.

E386.4. E386.4. Walking around a grave twelve times backward will raise the ghost. England: Baughman.

E386.5. E386.5. Light remark about what person would do if ghost appeared causes ghost to appear. (Cf. C10, C13.) England: Baughman.

E387. E387. Reasons for summoning of ghosts.

E387.1. E387.1. Ghost summoned in order to talk to it. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E387.1.1. E387.1.1. Dead called from their graves to make statement. *Loomis White Magic 53.

E387.2. E387.2. Ghost summoned to get something from it.

E387.2.1. E387.2.1. Father summoned to get his sword. Icelandic: Hervararsaga 17--33, 102--13.

E387.3. E387.3. Ghost summoned for purposes of necromancy. Jewish: Neuman.

E389. E389. Ghost summoned--miscellaneous.

E389.1. E389.1. Ghost must be summoned by king else he appears head downward. Jewish: Neuman.

E389.2. E389.2. Summoned ghost audible and visible only to person who has summoned him. Jewish: Neuman. Cf. Shakespeare Hamlet (“ghost scene”).

E390. E390. Friendly return from the dead--miscellaneous.

E400--E599.

E400--E599. Ghosts and revenants--miscellaneous.

E400. E400. Ghosts and revenants--miscellaneous. *Wimberly 451f. s.v. “Ghost”, “ghosts”; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Gespenst”; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 353; *Feilberg Sjжletro (Kшbenhavn, 1914).--Irish: O’Suilleabhain 62, Beal XXI 324; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “revenant”; Slavic: Mбchal 230; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 44f. Nos. 40--77 passim; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 153--170, 506--519; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 41 Nos. 12--16; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 1ff., Landtman Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VII pt. 1, 199f.--Melanesian: Dixon 142ff.

E401. E401. Voices of dead heard from graveyard. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 63, Beal XXI 324; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 2 No. 20.

E401.0.1. E401.0.1. Ghostly voice heard on battlefield. (Cf. E502, F418.) Irish myth: Cross.

E402. E402. Mysterious ghostlike noises heard. (Song, animal cries, footsteps, etc.) (Cf. E337.1, E236.7.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 24 Nos. 211--214; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 250; England: *Baughman.

E402.1. E402.1. Noises caused by ghost of person.

E402.1.1. E402.1.1. Vocal sounds of ghost of human being. (Cf. E545.

E402.1.1.1. E402.1.1.1. Ghost calls. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.1.2. E402.1.1.2. Ghost moans. (Cf. E547.) Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.1.3. E402.1.1.3. Ghost cries and screams. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.1.4. E402.1.1.4. Ghost sings. (Cf. E546.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.1.5. E402.1.1.5. Ghost snores. U.S.: Baughman.

E402.1.1.6. E402.1.1.6. Ghost sobs. (Cf. E551.) England: Baughman.

E402.1.2. E402.1.2. Footsteps of invisible ghost heard. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.3. E402.1.3. Invisible ghost plays musical instrument. (Cf. E548.) England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.3.1. E402.1.3.1. Ghost sounds conch shell. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 349.

E402.1.4. E402.1.4. Invisible ghost jingles chains. (Cf. E231.4.) England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.5. E402.1.5. Invisible ghost makes rapping or knocking noise. (Cf. F470.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.6. E402.1.6. Crash as of breaking glass, though no glass is found broken. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.1.7. E402.1.7. Ghost slams door. Canada: Baughman.

E402.1.8. E402.1.8. Miscellaneous sounds made by ghost of human being. Canada, England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E402.2. E402.2. Sounds made by invisible ghosts of animals. (Cf. E520.)

E402.2.1. E402.2.1. Crowing of ghost rooster. England: Baughman.

E402.2.2. E402.2.2. Braying of ghost donkey. England: Baughman.

E402.2.3. E402.2.3. Hoofbeats of ghost horse. (Cf. E423.1.3, E521.1, E535. 1ff.) U.S.: *Baughman.

E402.3. E402.3. Sound made by ghostly object. (Cf. E530.) U.S.: Baughman.

E402.4. E402.4. Sound of ethereal music. U.S.: *Baughman.

E410. E410. The unquiet grave. (Cf. D2151.1.2.3.) Dead unable to rest in peace. Aside from the references given in the numbers immediately following, see E200--E399 passim. Jewish: *Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 48.

E410.1. E410.1. Ground trembles or rumbles when ghost rises from grave. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E410.2. E410.2. Ghost shakes off earth when he rises from grave. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E411. E411. Dead cannot rest because of sin. *Herbert III 380 No. 127; Alphabet Nos. 198, 300, 386, 701, 703, 752; Irish: Beal XXI 330, O’Suilleabhain 96; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 Nos. 31--34; Spanish Exempla: Keller; England, Wales: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 242; Africa (Fang): Trilles 134.

E411.0.1. E411.0.1. Hand of sinner sticks out of grave. *BP II 550.

E411.0.2. E411.0.2. Unquiet dead sinner taken to priest for absolution. Type 760; Alphabet Nos. 17, 178, 303, 331, 337.

E411.0.2.1. E411.0.2.1. Return from dead to do penance. Alphabet Nos. 363, 616.--Lithuanian: *Balys Ghosts; U.S.: Baughman.

E411.0.2.2. E411.0.2.2. Unconfessed person cannot rest in grave. Spanish Exempla: Keller; England: Baughman.

E411.0.3. E411.0.3. Horse unable to draw evil dead man. McKay Bealoideas III 141; Icelandic: *Boberg; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 113 No. 4; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 4; Finnish-Swedish: cf. Wessman 1 Nos. 7--9; U.S.: *Baughman.

E411.0.3.1. E411.0.3.1. Dead body cannot be moved from where it lies. India: Thompson-Balys.

E411.0.4. E411.0.4. Sinner wanders between earth and heaven. Fb “selvmord” III 183b.

E411.0.5. E411.0.5. Other dead drive sinner from graveyard. Fb “lig” II 412b.

E411.0.5.1. E411.0.5.1. Rich man dragged from grave by demons in hallowed ground and flung into grave in unblessed ground. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E411.0.6. E411.0.6. Earth rejects buried body. (Cf. V62.1.) Loomis White Magic 44; Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3748; Danish: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

E411.0.7. E411.0.7. Demons cast evil man from grave leaving only his shroud. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E411.0.8. E411.0.8. Saint‘s body miraculously moves so that it is laid properly north and south, not northeast and southwest. India: Thompson-Balys.

E411.1. E411.1. Murderer cannot rest in grave. *Type 760; Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323; Fb “gjenganger” I 443b, “lig” II 412b; Tobler 83, 90.--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 No. 32; England, U.S.: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 678; Greek: Aeschylus Eumenides 100.

E411.1.1. E411.1.1. Suicide cannot rest in grave. (Cf. E334.7, E431.16.) Fb “lys” II 481b, “selvmord” III 183b; Hartland Science 238; Tobler 22.--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 No. 35, 7 No. 53; Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E411.1.1.1. E411.1.1.1. Suicides must walk the earth until time for their natural death. England: *Baughman.

E411.2. E411.2. Adulterous person cannot rest in grave. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 228; English: Wells 61 (Awntyrs off Arthure at the Terne Wathelyne), Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

E411.2.1. E411.2.1. Priest’s concubine cannot rest in grave. Herbert III 380; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 163 No. 125.

E411.2.2. E411.2.2. The devil‘s concubine haunts after her death. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E411.3. E411.3. Perjurer cannot rest in grave. *Fb “svжrge” III 692b, 693a.

E411.4. E411.4. Usurer cannot rest in grave. Herbert III 83; Alphabet Nos. 704, 784; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E411.5. E411.5. Swindler cannot rest in grave. Fb “gjenganger” I 443b; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 326A*; England: *Baughman.

E411.6. E411.6. Person who never said “good morning” cannot rest in grave. Tobler 64.

E411.7. E411.7. Monk who dies without his cowl cannot rest in grave. Alphabet No. 501.

E411.8. E411.8. Pilate appears periodically at Mt. Pilatus and washes his hands. *Hauffen Zs. f. Vksk. X 435.

E411.9. E411.9. Magician who has sold his soul to the devil hires his servant to bury him properly: the coffin bursts. (Cf. E261.2.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E411.10. E411.10. Persons who die violent or accidental deaths cannot rest in grave. See all references to E334ff., especially E334.5, E411.1, E411.1.1, E413, E414. U.S.: Baughman.

E412. E412. Person under religious ban cannot rest in grave.

E412.1. E412.1. Excommunicated person cannot rest in grave. Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323.

E412.2. E412.2. Unbaptized person cannot rest in grave. *Fb “udшbt” III 960a; Tobler 47; Irish: Beal XXI 315, O’Suilleabhain 41; England: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3557.

E412.2.1. E412.2.1. Unchristened person cannot rest in grave nor enter heaven. Scotland: Baughman.

E412.2.2. E412.2.2. Mother of unbaptized child cannot rest in grave. U.S.: Baughman.

E412.3. E412.3. Dead without proper funeral rites cannot rest. Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 228ff.; Fb “spшgelse” III 521b; Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman; Greek: Fox 145; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 3 No. 25; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 123; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 342.

E412.3.1. E412.3.1. Dead man comes back because he was buried without a cap. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E412.3.2. E412.3.2. Naked ghost asks for shirt and promises luck on market for man. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E412.3.2.1. E412.3.2.1. Ghost asks to wash his shirt. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E412.3.3. E412.3.3. Dead man asks for shoes (was buried without them). Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E412.4. E412.4. Child cursed by father cannot rest in grave. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 2 No. 19; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3591.

E412.5. E412.5. Ghost of church desecrator cannot rest. U.S.: Baughman.

E413. E413. Murdered person cannot rest in grave. (See all references to E231, E334, E337.1.1, E337.3.) *Fb “spшgelse” III 521a, “gjenganger” I 443b; Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323; Tobler 47; England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 682; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 5 Nos. 37--38; Kristensen Danske Sagn V (1897) 102ff., 334ff., (1934) 78ff., 252ff.

E414. E414. Drowned person cannot rest in peace. (Cf. E334.4.) Fb “spшgelse” III 521b; Kristensen Danske Sagn V (1897) 90ff., 359ff., (1934) 70ff., 265ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 5 No. 40.

E414.1. E414.1. Person otherwise killed by accident cannot rest in grave. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

E415. E415. Dead cannot rest until certain work is finished. U.S.: Baughman (E354); North Carolina: Brown Collection I 679; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245; West Indies: Flowers 430.

E415.1. E415.1. Ghost returns to hunt lost article. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 3 No. 24; U.S.: *Baughman (E328).

E415.1.1. E415.1.1. Ghost unlaid until iron he hid in life is found. India: Thompson-Balys.

E415.1.2. E415.1.2. Return from dead to uncover secretly buried treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

E415.2. E415.2. Dead rich man returns to rebuke his children who have kept the money he promised to the church. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E415.3. E415.3. Ghost of priest cannot rest because he failed to say certain masses for the dead. (Cf. E341.3, Q521.6.) Canada, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E415.4. E415.4. Dead cannot rest until money debts are paid. (See E351.) U.S.: Baughman.

E416. E416. Man who removes landmarks cannot rest in grave. (Cf. E345.1.) Kuhn Sagen aus Westfalen I 40f. No. 34, 118 No. 127, 177 No. 187; Sikes British Goblins (London, 1880) 149; Hoffman JAFL II 33; Frahm Am Urquell II 202; Kristensen Danske Sagn V (1897) 404ff., (1934) 308ff.

E417. E417. Dead person speaks from grave. Madagascar: Sibree FLJ I 202ff., Larrouy RTP IV 305.

E419. E419. Other restless dead. England: Baughman.

E419.1. E419.1. Soul wanders and demands that a temple be built for him. Chinese: Werner 314.

E419.2. E419.2. Dead find no rest since someone daily knocks at grave. Fb “sjжl” III 214b.

E419.3. E419.3. Dead find no rest since grass is pulled on grave. Fb “sjжl” III 214b.

E419.4. E419.4. Dead move when cemetery is moved. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 6 No. 42.

E419.5. E419.5. Dead arise when one plays organ for first time in church. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 8 No. 64.

E419.6. E419.6. Lovers buried apart found in one grave each morning. (Cf. E631.0.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E419.7. E419.7. Person with missing bodily member cannot rest in grave. (Cf. E235.) U.S.: *Baughman.

E419.8. E419.8. Ghost returns to enforce its burial wishes or to protest disregard of them. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E419.9. E419.9. Ghost flits between two graves reputed to contain body. U.S.: Baughman.

E419.10. E419.10. Concern of ghost about belongings of its lifetime. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E419.11. E419.11. People who bury metal cannot rest in grave. England, Wales: *Baughman.

E419.12. E419.12. Fate of ghosts of persons eaten by tigers. India: Thompson-Balys.

E420. E420. Appearance of revenant.

E421. E421. Spectral ghosts. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fantфme”; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 684; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 239.

E421.1. E421.1. Invisible ghosts. *Tobler 92ff.; N. A. Indian (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 226; England, Wales: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681; Jewish: Neuman.

E421.1.1. E421.1.1. Ghost visible to one person alone. Spanish Exempla: Keller; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 64; N. A. Indian (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II (1889) 148.

E421.1.1.0.1. E421.1.1.0.1. First-born of a family cannot see ghosts. England: Baughman.

E421.1.1.1. E421.1.1.1. Persons born at midnight can see ghosts. England: *Baughman.

E421.1.1.2. E421.1.1.2. Only sorcerers can see ghosts. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 181.

E421.1.2. E421.1.2. Ghost visible to horses alone. *Fb “hest” I 600a, IV 212a; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 26 No. 227; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 678.

E421.1.3. E421.1.3. Ghost visible to dogs alone. England: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681; India: Thompson-Balys.

E421.1.4. E421.1.4. Ghosts visible only to sheep. England: Baughman.

E421.1.5. E421.1.5. Ghosts visible only to seals. Greenland: Baughman.

E421.1.6. E421.1.6. Ghost visible only to wild fowls. Greenland: Baughman.

E421.2. E421.2. Ghosts cast no shadow. *Fb “skygge” III 347a; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 138ff; *Penzer IV 239 n. 2; U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 682.

E421.2.1. E421.2.1. Ghost leaves no footprints. Canada, England: *Baughman.

E421.3. E421.3. Luminous ghosts. (Cf. E530.1, E742.) Tobler 83f.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 334b s.v. “Geister”; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 240.

E421.3.1. E421.3.1. Ghost as glowing wheel. *Fb “hjul” I 626b, “spшgelse” III 521a, “gloende” IV 181b.

E421.3.2. E421.3.2. Ghost as firebrand. Fb “spшgelse” III 520b.

E421.3.3. E421.3.3. Ghost with glowing face. *Fb “gloende” I 465b; England: *Baughman.

E421.3.4. E421.3.4. Ghost as fiery bull. Tobler 81; England, Ireland: *Baughman.

E421.3.5. E421.3.5. Ghosts in glowing wagon. Fb “karet” II 91b.

E421.3.6. E421.3.6. Ghosts as dogs with glowing tongues and eyes. (Cf. E423.1.1, E522.) *Fb “hund” I 676a; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 334b s.v. “Geister”; England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

E421.3.7. E421.3.7. Flames issue from corpse’s mouth. Penzer II 62; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E421.4. E421.4. Ghosts as shadow. U.S.: *Baughman.

E421.5. E421.5. Ghost seen by two or more persons; they corroborate the appearance. England: *Baughman.

E422. E422. The living corpse. Revenant is not a specter but has the attributes of a living person. He wanders about till his “second death”, complete disintegration in the grave. (Cf. E261.1.3, E268, E461.) *Naumann Primitive Gemeinschaftskultur (Jena, 1921) 18ff.; *Wimberly 229, 239, 256ff.; *Klare Acta Philologica Scandinavica VIII 1--56; *Gould Scandinavian Studies and Notes IX 167; *Fb “spшgelse” III 519b; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 70--152; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3590, Ghosts; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 21 No. 199; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 3f.; Irish: *Cross, Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 682; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 239f., 243; West Indies: Flowers 430; Africa: Werner African 180f., (Ekoi): Talbot 7 (dies a second time and becomes more dead).

E422.0.1. E422.0.1. Hanged man thirsty; demands water to drink. Irish myth: *Cross.

E422.1. E422.1. Body of living corpse.

E422.1.1. E422.1.1. Headless revenant. *Fb “hoved” I 655b, “hovedlшs” IV 223a; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 6, 301 No. 18, 311 No. 46; India: *Thompson-Balys; England, U.S.: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 680, 683, 693.

E422.1.1.1. E422.1.1.1. Two-headed ghost. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 334b s.v. “Geister”; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman.

E422.1.1.2. E422.1.1.2. Revenant with ball of fire in place of head. England: Baughman.

E422.1.1.3. E422.1.1.3. Actions of headless revenant.

E422.1.1.3.1. E422.1.1.3.1. Headless ghost rides horse. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.1.1.4. E422.1.1.4. Headless ghost carries head under arm. (Cf. F511.0.4.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.1.2. E422.1.2. Armless revenant. Wimberly 235.

E422.1.3. E422.1.3. Revenant with ice-cold hands. *Fb “hand” I 765b; Kristensen Danske Sagn V (1897) 554ff., (1934) 400ff.; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.1.4. E422.1.4. Revenant with cold lips. Wimberly 235.

E422.1.5. E422.1.5. Revenant with bad breath. *Wimberly 233.

E422.1.6. E422.1.6. Revenant with chicken feet. Gaster Germania XXV (1880) 290ff.

E422.1.6.1. E422.1.6.1. Ghost with feet twisted backward. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E422.1.6.2. E422.1.6.2. Revenant with thin legs. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 96.

E422.1.7. E422.1.7. Revenant with chip of resin between teeth. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 116 No. 18; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 18.

E422.1.8. E422.1.8. Revenant with peculiar nails. Icelandic: Boberg.

E422.1.9. E422.1.9. Living corpse returns every night, shows gradual wasting away of body. U.S.: Baughman.

E422.1.10. E422.1.10. Dismembered corpse.

E422.1.10.1. E422.1.10.1. Dismembered corpse reassembles. (Cf. E31.) U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.1.11. E422.1.11. Revenant as part of body.

E422.1.11.1. E422.1.11.1. Revenant as an eye. U.S.: Baughman.

E422.1.11.2. E422.1.11.2. Revenant as face or head. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.1.11.3. E422.1.11.3. Ghost as hand or hands. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.1.11.4. E422.1.11.4. Revenant as skeleton. U.S.: Baughman.

E422.1.11.5. E422.1.11.5. Revenant as blood. U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.1.11.5.1. E422.1.11.5.1. Ineradicable bloodstain after bloody tragedy. England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn IV 267ff.

E422.2. E422.2. Color of revenant. (Cf. F527.)

E422.2.1. E422.2.1. Revenant red. Fb. “rшd” III 117a.

E422.2.2. E422.2.2. Revenant green. Wimberly 240.

E422.2.3. E422.2.3. Revenant gray. Tobler 64, 89.

E422.2.4. E422.2.4. Revenant black. Irish: Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 63, Beal XXI 324.

E422.3. E422.3. Size of revenant.

E422.3.1. E422.3.1. Revenant as small man. Wimberly 244; Tobler 64, 89; England: *Baughman.

E422.3.2. E422.3.2. Revenant as a very large man (giant). (Cf. F531.) Scotland, Canada, U.S.: *Baughman; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E422.4. E422.4. Dress of revenant.

E422.4.1. E422.4.1. Revenant with hat of birch. Wimberly 243. Note: in the motifs immediately following, it is frequently impossible to tell whether the spectral ghost (E421) or the living corpse (E422) is thought of.

E422.4.2. E422.4.2. Ghost with bonnet pulled down over her face. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681.

E422.4.3. E422.4.3. Ghost in white. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681f.

E422.4.4. E422.4.4. Revenant in female dress. England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E422.4.5. E422.4.5. Revenant in male dress. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E422.4.6. E422.4.6. Revenant in red cap. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 670.

E423. E423. Revenant in animal form. *Rosйn Om Sjдlavandringstro; *Fb “spшgelse” III 521a; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mort”; Scotland, England, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243.

E423.1. E423.1. Revenant as domestic animal.

E423.1.1. E423.1.1. Revenant as dog. (Cf. E421.3.6.) *Rosйn Om Sjдlavandringstro 14; *Fb “spшgelse” III 521a, “hund” I 675b, 676a, “prжst” II 886a; Tobler 49, 54, 68; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 92; German: Grimm No. 4; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 675, 684.

E423.1.1.1. E423.1.1.1. Color of ghostly dog. Canada, England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E423.1.1.2. E423.1.1.2. Features of ghostly dog.

E423.1.1.2.1. E423.1.1.2.1. Headless ghostly dog. (Cf. B15.1.1, E422.1.1.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E423.1.1.2.2. E423.1.1.2.2. Human-headed ghostly dog. (Cf. B25.) England: *Baughman.

E423.1.2. E423.1.2. Revenant as cat. Type 326; Rosйn Om Sjдlavandringstro 16; *Fb “kat” II 107b; Tobler 42, 47, 56; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E423.1.3. E423.1.3. Revenant as horse. (Cf. F401.3.1.) Rosйn Om Sjдlavandringstro 16; *Handwb. d. Abergl. VI 1614f., IX Nachtrдge 168; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243; India: Thompson-Balys.

E423.1.3.1. E423.1.3.1. Revenant as three-legged horse. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 81, 326 No. 18.

E423.1.3.2. E423.1.3.2. Revenant as mare. Herbert III 380.

E423.1.3.3. E423.1.3.3. Revenant as headless horse. (See E422.1.1, E535.1.) England, Wales: *Baughman.

E423.1.3.4. E423.1.3.4. Revenant as white horse. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E423.1.3.5. E423.1.3.5. Actions of ghostly horse. England: *Baughman.

E423.1.4. E423.1.4. Revenant as ass. Tobler 89; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E423.1.5. E423.1.5. Revenant as swine. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 316 No. 134f.; England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman; Irish: Beal XXI 310, O’Suilleabhain 31.

E423.1.6. E423.1.6. Revenant as lamb. Tobler 56; England: Baughman.

E423.1.7. E423.1.7. Revenant as ram. Tobler 51.

E423.1.8. E423.1.8. Revenant as cow. Tobler 50.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 334b s.v. “Geister”; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E423.1.8.1. E423.1.8.1. Revenant as calf. (Cf. E521.4.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E423.1.9. E423.1.9. Revenant as goat. England. U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243.

E423.2. E423.2. Revenant as wild animal.

E423.2.1. E423.2.1. Revenant as bear. (Cf. E522.2.) Tobler 56.

E423.2.2. E423.2.2. Revenant as rabbit (hare). *Fb “hare” I 556a; Rosйn Om Sjдlavandringstro 15; Tobler 52; England: *Baughman; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 56.

E423.2.3. E423.2.3. Revenant as fox. Fb “rжv” III 113a; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 24.

E423.2.4. E423.2.4. Revenant as hedgehog. Hartland Science 247.

E423.2.5. E423.2.5. Revenant as seal. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E423.2.6. E423.2.6. Revenant as deer. U.S.: *Baughman.

E423.2.7. E423.2.7. Revenant as wolf. U.S.: *Baughman.

E423.2.8. E423.2.8. Revenant as rat. England, Ireland: *Baughman.

E423.2.9. E423.2.9. Revenant as “man-monkey”. England: *Baughman.

E423.2.10. E423.2.10. Revenant in tiger form. Chinese: Graham.

E423.2.11. E423.2.11. Revenant as mouse. Africa (Wachaga): Gutman 35.

E423.2.12. E423.2.12. Revenant as squirrel. Africa (Wachaga): Gutman 35.

E423.3. E423.3. Revenant as bird. Tobler 34; Krappe Balor 96--97; Irish: Cross, Beal XXI 332, O’Suilleabhain 99; England, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243.

E423.3.1. E423.3.1. Revenant as dove. Tobler 30; Krappe Balor 96--97; Irish myth: Cross; U.S.: Baughman.

E423.3.2. E423.3.2. Revenant as swan. Tobler 34; England: Baughman.

E423.3.3. E423.3.3. Revenant as partridge. Tobler 32.

E423.3.4. E423.3.4. Revenant as raven. Swiss: Jegerlehner Obervallis 329 No. 56; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 127ff., 132, (1928) 91ff.; Krappe Balor 96--97.

E423.3.5. E423.3.5. Revenant as owl. Tobler 31f.; Krappe Balor 96--97; U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

E423.3.6. E423.3.6. Revenant as hen. Sometimes with chickens. Tobler 33.

E423.3.7. E423.3.7. Revenant as goose. Type 403; Tobler 34; England: *Baughman.

E423.3.8. E423.3.8. Revenant as crow. Krappe Balor 97.

E423.3.9. E423.3.9. Revenant as sea-gull. Krappe Balor 97.

E423.3.10. E423.3.10. Revenant as duck. Type 403; England: Baughman.

E423.3.11. E423.3.11. Revenant as bean-goose. Wales: *Baughman.

E423.4. E423.4. Revenant as frog. Tobler 86.

E423.5. E423.5. Revenant as snake (serpent). Tobler 22, 55f.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 334b s.v. “Geister”; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243.

E423.6. E423.6. Revenant as centaur. U.S.: Baughman.

E423.7. E423.7. Revenant as fly. England: Baughman.

E423.8. E423.8. Revenant as spider. England: Baughman.

E423.9. E423.9. Revenant as eel. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 93.

E424. E424. Revenant as dwarf. *Gould They who await the Second Death (Scandinavian Studies and Notes IX 167); Tobler 65.

E425. E425. Revenant in human form.

E425.1. E425.1. Revenant as woman.

E425.1.1. E425.1.1. Revenant as lady in white. *M. Waehler Die Weisse Frau (Erfurt, 1931); Fb “jomfru” II 43a; Tobler 68, 90; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 239; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

E425.1.2. E425.1.2. Revenant as naked woman. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 228; Tobler 67.

E425.1.3. E425.1.3. Revenant as seductive woman. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 303 No. 24.

E425.1.4. E425.1.4. Revenant as woman carrying baby. Tobler 90; U.S.: Baughman.

E425.1.5. E425.1.5. Revenant as woman riding hog. Walz MLN XVI 130ff.

E425.1.6. E425.1.6. Revenant as horrible female figure. Covered with snakes and toads. English: Wells 61 (The Awntyrs off Arthure at the Terne Wathelyne).

E425.1.7. E425.1.7. Revenant as woman with seal’s head. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E425.2. E425.2. Revenant as man. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 101, 103, Beal XXI 332f.

E425.2.1. E425.2.1. Revenant as old man. German: Grimm No. 4; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 334b s.v. “Geister”.

E425.2.2. E425.2.2. Revenant as man with horse’s head. England: Baughman.

E425.2.3. E425.2.3. Revenant as priest or parson. (Cf. E338.5, E417.) England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E425.2.4. E425.2.4. Revenant as American Indian. U.S.: *Baughman.

E425.2.5. E425.2.5. Revenant as piper. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 62.

E425.3. E425.3. Revenant as child. Tobler 66f.; England: *Baughman; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 100, Beal XXI 332.

E426. E426. Revenant as object.

E426.1. E426.1. Ghost in shape of a bag. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E426.2. E426.2. Revenant as a rolling cask. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E430. E430. Defense against ghosts and the dead. Frazer The Fear of the Dead (London, 1933--36); Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 335b s.v. “Geister”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 309; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 251.

E431. E431. Precautions at funeral against revenant.

E431.0.1. E431.0.1. Test for presence of demons in corpses. Irish myth: Cross.

E431.1. E431.1. Burial service read into hat to prevent dead walking. *Fb “hat” I 563b, “gjenganger” I 444a.

E431.2. E431.2. Water thrown on corpse to prevent return. *Fb “dшd” I 228a, “gjenganger” I 444a.

E431.3. E431.3. Mould thrown on corpse to prevent return. Fb “muld” II 619a.

E431.4. E431.4. Coffin carried through hole in wall to prevent return of dead. Fb “gjenganger” I 444a; Frazer JAI XV 70; England, Scotland: *Baughman; Indonesia: Kruyt Het Animisme 264ff., Elshout De Kenja-Dejaks uit het Apo-Kajanggebied (Den Haag, 1926) 62.

E431.5. E431.5. Limbs of dead fettered to prevent return. Von Trauwitz-Hellweg Urmensch und Totenglaube. 134ff.; Meyer Germanen 102; Wimberly 254; England: *Baughman; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis I 15f.

E431.6. E431.6. Turf laid on breast of dead to prevent return. Wimberly 256.

E431.7. E431.7. Beheaded man’s head laid at feet to prevent return. *Fb “hoved” I 655b; England: Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 252.

E431.7.1. E431.7.1. Beheaded man‘s head laid at back to prevent return. *Fb “hoved” I 655b; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E431.7.2. E431.7.2. Decapitating in order to prevent return. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E431.7.2.1. E431.7.2.1. Head of beheaded man separated from body (by walking between them) to prevent return. (Cf. E721.1.2.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E431.8. E431.8. Dog buried alive to prevent ghosts from walking. *Fb “hund” I 677a.

E431.9. E431.9. Ashes of dead thrown on water to prevent return. Levy-Bruhl L’вme primitive 332ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finno-Ugric: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 386, Mansikka Religion der Ostslaven (Helsinki, 1922) 220, 231; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 266 No. 72.

E431.9.1. E431.9.1. Head of corpse thrown on water to prevent return. Icelandic: Boberg.

E431.9.2. E431.9.2. Corpses thrown in water to prevent return. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E431.10. E431.10. Corpse buried under stone so that sun will not shine on him again. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 1.

E431.10.1. E431.10.1. Corpse buried under stones. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E431.11. E431.11. Coin placed in mouth of dead to prevent return. *Fb “dшd” I 228a; Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 77; India: Thompson-Balys.

E431.12. E431.12. Pins stuck in soles of dead man’s feet to prevent return. Fb “dшd” I 228a.

E431.13. E431.13. Corpse burned to prevent return. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E431.14. E431.14. Tall wall around grave to prevent return. Icelandic: Eyrbyggja saga ch. XXXIV 14 in ASB VI, Boberg.

E431.15. E431.15. People touch corpse before burial to avoid seeing ghost of dead person after burial. England: *Baughman.

E431.16. E431.16. Burial of suicide to prevent walking. (Cf. E334.7, E411.1.1, E441.)

E431.16.1. E431.16.1. Suicide buried head (or face) downward. (If corpse moves it. only goes deeper into ground.) England: *Baughman.

E431.16.2. E431.16.2. Suicide buried with stake through heart (body). (Cf. E442.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E431.16.3. E431.16.3. Suicide buried at crossroads. (Cf. E434.4.) England: Baughman.

E431.17. E431.17. Criminals buried at crossroads to prevent walking. (Cf. E434.4.) Wales: Baughman.

E431.18. E431.18. Body cut up and buried in vessels, buried in bag. England: Baughman.

E431.19. E431.19. Burial of corpse at midnight to prevent walking. England: Baughman.

E431.20. E431.20. Coffin with iron band made to keep corpse from returning as tiger. Chinese: Graham.

E432. E432. Ghost deceived.

E432.1. E432.1. Haunting ghost deceived so that he cannot find road to return. Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323.

E432.2. E432.2. Dead man visiting wife deceived by wife‘s absurd actions--“no more absurd than ghost visiting wife”. (Cf. E321.2, E474.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3547; Balys Ghosts.

E432.3. E432.3. Woman drying hair scares soul returning from the dead. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452.

E433. E433. Ghosts placated by sacrifices. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 7, 9.

E433.1. E433.1. Mould put on table for the dead. Fb “muld” II 619a.

E433.2. E433.2. Possessions buried with dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

E433.3. E433.3. Animals sacrificed so that dead have food on way to other world. India: Thompson-Balys.

E433.4. E433.4. Ghosts pleased by human sacrifices. India: Thompson-Balys.

E433.4.1. E433.4.1. Ghosts killed by sacrifice of buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

E434. E434. Magic protection against revenants. Irish myth: Cross.

E434.1. E434.1. Hiding from ghosts under church bell. *Fb “kirkeklokke” II 131a, “gjenganger” I 443b.

E434.2. E434.2. Hiding from ghosts in pulpit. Fb “predikestol” II 882b.

E434.3. E434.3. Ghosts cannot cross rapid stream. *Fb “gjenganger” I 443b; U.S.: Baughman.

E434.4. E434.4. Ghosts cannot pass crossroads. (Cf. E431.16, E431.17.) Fb “korsvej” II 277a.

E434.5. E434.5. Steel as protection against revenants. Fb “stеl” III 647a.

E434.6. E434.6. Keys as protection against revenants. (Cf. D1176.) Wimberly 255.

E434.7. E434.7. Knives as protection against revenants. (Cf. D1173.) Wimberly 255.

E434.8. E434.8. Ghost cannot pass cross or prayerbook. (Cf. D1266.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 335b s.v. “Geister”; Icelandic: Boberg.

E434.8.1. E434.8.1. Ghost cannot harm person wearing a cross. England: Baughman.

E434.9. E434.9. Candle light protection against ghost. Icelandic: Bбrdar saga Snaefellsбss, ed. Vigfъsson 1860, 42--43, Boberg.

E434.10. E434.10. Ghost cannot cross new door sill. U.S.: Baughman.

E436. E436. Ghost detected.

E436.1. E436.1. Ghost detected by strewing ashes. Their footprints remain in the ashes. Fb “spor” III 500a; Gaster Germania XXV (1880) 290ff.; Dh III 153; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 297; Gьntert Kalypso 75; Kruyt Het Animisme 398; Mansikka Religion der Ostslaven (Helsinki, 1922) 181, 184.

E436.2. E436.2. Cats crossing one‘s path sign of ghosts. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 677.

E436.3. E436.3. Bats flying in house sign of ghosts. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 677.

E437. E437. Revenants banished. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E437.1. E437.1. Revenants banished to glaciers and uninhabited places. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 27.

E437.2. E437.2. Ghost laid in body of water. England, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman.

E437.3. E437.3. Ghost driven into body of dead crow, buried under path. England: Baughman.

E437.4. E437.4. Ghost laid under stone. England: *Baughman.

E437.5. E437.5. Ghost laid under tree. England: Baughman.

E437.6. E437.6. Ghost laid and confined inside building. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E437.7. E437.7. Ghost laid and confined in sheepfold. England: Baughman.

E439. E439. Other protection against revenants.

E439.1. E439.1. Revenant forced away by shooting. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 335b s.v. “Geister”; Africa (Cameroons): Mansfield 227.

E439.2. E439.2. Dwarfs magically keep ghosts from rising. Icelandic: Gцngu Hrolfssaga 337.

E439.3. E439.3. Dog saves man from malevolent living corpse. Dog killed, man safe. (Cf. B524.1.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 698f.

E439.4. E439.4. Seeds of poppy poured into revenant’s mouth. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E439.5. E439.5. Revenant forced away by fire. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E439.6. E439.6. Ghosts cannot come near spayed bitch. England: Baughman.

E439.7. E439.7. Ghost will not approach a light left burning. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E439.8. E439.8. Ghost will vanish if seer walks around it nine times. (Cf. D1791, D1273.1.5.) England: Baughman.

E439.9. E439.9. Ghost will not return if door is removed and hung backwards. (Cf. D1783.) England: Baughman.

E439.10. E439.10. Ghost will not come near person who anoints self with new honey. U.S.: Baughman.

E440. E440. Walking ghost “laid”. *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 324; *v. Negelein ibid. XIV 20ff.; Irish: Beal XXI 332; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400A*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 114 No. 6.

E441. E441. Ghost laid by reburial. Icelandic: Boberg; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 115 No. 12; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 12; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3590; U.S.: Baughman. Cf. Gaster Exempla 222 No. 175.

E441.1. E441.1. Ghost laid when leg is buried. Fb “lшse” II 517a.

E441.2. E441.2. Ghost laid by placing stones in throat of the corpse. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E441.3. E441.3. Corpse exhumed and heart cremated to lay ghost. Africa (Bena Makuni): Torrend Specimens of Bantu Folklore 72.

E442. E442. Ghost laid by piercing grave (corpse) with stake. (Cf. D712.10, E431.16.2.) *Fb “pжl” II 904ab, “jжrn” II 61a; England, U.S.: *Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3546B, Legends No. 698, Ghosts; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 686.

E442.1. E442.1. Hunting woman beaten with sticks of rowan-tree and ankles of corpse tied with branches of same tree. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E442.2. E442.2. Ghost laid by burial outside village on far side of stream, with four iron nails driven into the corners of the grave. India: Thompson-Balys.

E443. E443. Ghost exorcized and laid. *Fb “bande” IV 24a, “Jesus” II 41a; Tobler 65; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 115 No. 11; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 11; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 7 No. 51, 27 No. 243; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 251; West Indies: Flowers 430.

E443.0.1. E443.0.1. Laying ghost causes great storm. (Cf. D2141.) England: *Baughman.

E443.0.2. E443.0.2. Protection during ghost-laying ceremony. England: Baughman.

E443.1. E443.1. Ghost laid by blessing grave. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 115 No. 10.

E443.2. E443.2. Ghost laid by prayer. Fb “lшse” II 517b; Icelandic: Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 336 s.v. “Geister, Erlцsung”.

E443.2.1. E443.2.1. Ghost laid by saying masses. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 95, 99, Beal XXI 330, 332; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 319; English: Wells 61 (Awntyrs off Arthure at the Terne Wathelyne); U.S.: Baughman (E341.3.2.).

E443.2.1.1. E443.2.1.1. The dead man: “Sell my golden teeth and pay for a mass for my soul.” Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E443.2.2. E443.2.2. Ghost laid by formulistic prayer. England: *Baughman.

E443.2.3. E443.2.3. Ghost laid by confessor to priest. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 99.

E443.2.4. E443.2.4. Ghost laid by priest (minister). England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E443.2.4.1. E443.2.4.1. Ghost laid by group of ministers. By prayer and services, usually with “bell, book, and candle” or some modification of the procedure. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E443.3. E443.3. Ghosts exorcized by name. Fb “navn” II 675b.

E443.4. E443.4. Ghost laid by raising a cross. Icelandic: Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 336 s.v. “Geister, Erlцsung”.

E443.5. E443.5. Ghost laid by adjuring it to leave “in the name of God.” Wales: Baughman.

E443.6. E443.6. Ghost laid by baptizing children in its presence. England: *Baughman.

E443.7. E443.7. Ghost laid by fasting. England: Baughman.

E443.8. E443.8. Ghost laid by Bible. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E443.9. E443.9. Ghost laid by consecrated water. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E444. E444. Ghost laid by talisman. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fantфme”; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 62.

E445. E445. Ghost laid by barring off.

E445.1. E445.1. Ghost comes through certain crevice: when this is barred she never returns. Tobler 92.

E446. E446. Ghost killed and thus finally laid. N. A. Indian (Sioux): Dorsey RBAE XI 491f., (Fox): Jones PAES I 101 No. 7, (Osage): Dorsey FM VII 26 No. 21; Eskimo: Kroeber JAFL XII 181, (Greenland): Holm 55, Rasmussen III 182.

E446.1. E446.1. Corpse magically killed and laid. N. A. Indian (Tlingit): Swanton BBAE XXXIX 248 No. 86.

E446.2. E446.2. Ghost laid by burning body. *Fb “spшgelse” III 522a, “brжnde” IV 69a.--Icelandic: *Boberg.

E446.2.1. E446.2.1. Ghost laid by burning lock of hair. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E446.3. E446.3. Ghost laid by decapitating body. Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3546A, Legends No. 621.

E446.3.1. E446.3.1. Ghost laid by beating body to pieces. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 99.

E446.4. E446.4. Slain ghost carried off by other ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys.

E446.5. E446.5. Ghost laid by pushing it into water. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux RBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

E451. E451. Ghost finds rest when certain thing happens.

E451.1. E451.1. Ghost laid when crime has been confessed. (Cf. E412.5.) Fb “lшse” II 517a.

E451.1.1. E451.1.1. Corpse cannot be laid until after he has confided the secret of magic charms. India: Thompson-Balys.

E451.2. E451.2. Ghost laid when penance is done. (Cf. E411.0.2.1.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 336 s.v. “Geister, Erlцsung”.

E451.3. E451.3. Ghost laid when vow is fulfilled. (Cf. E415.3.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 336 s.v. “Geister, Erlцsung”; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn V (1897) 266ff., (1934) 196ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

E451.4. E451.4. Ghost laid when living man speaks to it. Fb “lшse” II 517a; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 336 s.v. “Geister, Erlцsung”.

E451.4.1. E451.4.1. Ghost asked to identify self “in name of God.” U.S.: Baughman.

E451.5. E451.5. Ghost laid when treasure is unearthed. Fb “lшse” II 517b; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda (Cf. E371ff.).

E451.5.1. E451.5.1. Money must be distributed to beggars so that ghost may be laid. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E451.6. E451.6. Beggar‘s ghost laid when pig bought with money taken from him is brought to his grave. Sinks in grave. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *842.

E451.7. E451.7. Bearded woman ghost laid by shaving her. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3560; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 72 No. 216.

E451.8. E451.8. Ghost laid when house it haunts is destroyed or changed. U.S.: *Baughman.

E451.9. E451.9. Ghost laid when revenge is accomplished. Korean: Zong in-Sob 122f.

E451.10. E451.10. Ghost laid when rest of poem is recited. Japanese: Ikeda.

E452. E452. Ghost laid at cockcrow (dawn). Fb “spшgelse” III 519b, “kok” IV 272b; Kцhler-Bolte III 581; Wimberly 248.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “coq”; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 94--112 passim; English: Child II 228, V 294; Finnish, Swedish: Wessman 1 No. 6; India: *Thompson-Balys; Melanesian, Polynesian: *Dixon 141 n. 24; Kai (German New Guinea): ibid. 144; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 96 No. 7, (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II (1889) 151.

E452.1. E452.1. Dead quiescent during day. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E452.2. E452.2. Ghost invisible during day. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E453. E453. Ghost transformed into animal. (Cf. D100, E423.) England: *Baughman.

E454. E454. Ghost is laid by giving it a never-ending or impossible task. (Cf. H900, H1010.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E456. E456. Man raises corpses and gets their shrouds, then “lays” them again. India: Thompson-Balys.

E459. E459. Other exorcism practices.

E459.1. E459.1. Ghost demands a body and soul before it will agree to be laid. Monk provides cock and sole of shoe. England: Baughman.

E459.2. E459.2. Ghost laid when bones are brought to home country from foreign soil. England: Baughman.

E459.3. E459.3. Ghost laid when its wishes are acceded to. England: Baughman.

E459.4. E459.4. Ghost bound and jailed. England: Baughman.

E459.5. E459.5. Ghost laid at midnight. U.S.: Baughman.

E459.6. E459.6. Ghost laid by burying bell from church in one pond, the clapper in another. If the two ever come together again, the ghost can walk. England: Baughman.

E459.7. E459.7. Ghost laid when his skull is thrown into the Ganges. India: Thompson-Balys.

E460. E460. Revenants in conflict.

E461. E461. Fight of revenant with living person. (Cf. E261.1.3.) Fb “spшgelse” III 520b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3542, Legends No. 882; N. A. Indian (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II (1889) 150, (Passamaquoddy): Leland Algonquin Legends 349, (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 96 No. 7.

E461.1. E461.1. Revenant challenged to combat. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 12; Wales: Baughman.

E461.2. E461.2. Fight of living person with dead in the grave. Andrews MPh X 601ff.; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 367ff., MacCulloch Eddic 309--11, *Boberg.

E462. E462. Revenant overawed by living person. *Fb “student”; Icelandic: Boberg; Welsh: Baughman.

E463. E463. Living man in dead man’s shroud. Refuses to let corpse return to grave before he tells how to resuscitate woman living man has killed. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 114 No. 7; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3543.

E464. E464. Revenant tricked or jeered into a bottle, corked up and put in safe place. (Cf. D2177.1.) England: *Baughman.

E465. E465. Revenant rewards its conqueror. Irish: Curtin Myths and Folklore of Ireland (Boston, 1889) 127; Egypt (ancient): Petrie II 87.

E467. E467. Revenants fight each other. *Krappe Balor 145ff.; Fb “spшgelse” III 520b; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E467.1. E467.1. Two dead men struggle over living man. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3548, Balys Ghosts.

E470. E470. Intimate relations of dead and living.

E471. E471. Ghost kisses living person. *Fb “gjenganger” I 444a.

E472. E472. Revenant sleeps in same bed with living but without contact. U.S.: Baughman.

E474. E474. Cohabitation of living person and ghost. This usually involves sexual relations. (Cf. E321.2, E322.6, E339, E378.) Liebrecht 49; Aly Volksmдrchen bei Herodot (Gцttingen, 1921) 153; H. Schreuer Zs. d. vgl. Rechtswissenschaft XXXIII (1916) 350 n.; Corsican: Ortoli 332; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg; New Hebrides: Codrington 379; N. A. Indian (Tlingit): Swanton BBAE XXXIX 249 No. 86, (Teton): Dorsey JAFL I 68, (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 154 No. 10 (head of murdered woman continues to live with husband), Grinnell Blackfoot Lodge Tales (New York, 1923) 70, (Hopi): Voth FM VIII 33, (Zuсi): Cushing 48 No. 2, (Thompson River): Teit JE VIII 281 No. 46, (Quileute): Farrand-Mayer JAFL XXXII 268 No. 12, (Klickitat): Alexander N. Am. 147; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 454, Rasmussen III 84; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 280.

E474.1. E474.1. Offspring of living and dead person. (Cf. E322.1, T540.) *Fb “barn” IV 27a; Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 98; Irish myth: Cross.

E477. E477. Body in coffin moves so as to make room for his recently deceased friend. *Loomis White Magic 92.

E480. E480. Abode of the dead. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

E480.1. E480.1. Abode of animal souls. (Cf. E730.1.) Jewish: *Neuman.

E480.2. E480.2. Three worlds of dead. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 155, 160.

E480.3. E480.3. Men must enter spirit world armed. S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 110.

E481. E481. Land of the dead. *Types 470, 471; *Kцhler-Bolte II 224ff.; *Encyc. Rel. and Ethics II 680ff.; **Wiedeman Die Toten und ihre Reiche im Glauben der alten Дgypten (Leipzig, 1910); A. Jeremias Hцlle und Paradies bei den Babyloniern (Leipzig, 1903); Dickson 94f. n. 78; Feilberg DF X 1; Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 585; Finnish: Kalevala rune 16; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Alexander N. Am. 274 n. 10; Africa: Werner African 180ff., (Ekoi): Talbot 7, 59, 226, 240, (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

E481.0.1. E481.0.1. Spain as land of the dead. (Cf. F130.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E481.0.2. E481.0.2. Quarrel of dead and living causes removal of dead to own land. India: Thompson-Balys.

E481.1. E481.1. Land of dead in lower world. *Krappe Etude 45ff.; **M. Landau Hцlle und Fegefeuer in Volksglauben, Dichtung, und Kirchenlehre (Heidelberg, 1909); Krappe Revue Celtique XLIX (1932) 96--102; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 146, Grote I 62; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 72; Jewish: *Neuman, Gaster Thespis 183, 187f.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 485; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 199f.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 200f.; Tonga: Gifford 183; Melanesia: Wheeler 33, 47; Papua: Ker 81; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 146, 155; N. A. Indian: *Alexander N. Am. 274 n. 10; S. A. Indian (Metaco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 24.

E481.1.1. E481.1.1. Old woman ruler of dead in lower world. (Cf. A481.9.) Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 75.

E481.1.2. E481.1.2. Houses in lower world of dead. (Cf. F163, F220.) Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 74.

E481.2. E481.2. Land of dead across water. Icelandic: Boberg; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 486; N. A. Indian (Haida): Swanton JE V 34.

E481.2.0.1. E481.2.0.1. Island of the dead. *Meyer Der irische Totengott und die Toteninsel (Stzb. d. preussischen Akad. d. Wissenschaften XXXII [1919] 537); *Krappe Balor 102; Irish myth: *Cross; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 72.

E481.2.1. E481.2.1. Bridge to land of dead. Type 471; *Fb “bro” IV 62b; Wimberly 110ff.; Ward Catalogue of Romances II 399, 420, 607, Herbert ibid. III 279; Moe Samlede Skrifter III 212, 226ff.; Frazer Immortality III 150; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 74; India: *Thompson-Balys; Persian: Carnoy 344; Kachin: Scott Indo-Chinese 265; N. A. Indian: Brinton Myths of the New World (New York, 1868) 248, Skinner PaAM XIII 86.

E481.2.1.1. E481.2.1.1. Frightening thing at bridge to land of dead. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E481.2.1.2. E481.2.1.2. Unstable bridge to land of dead. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E481.2.2. E481.2.2. Boat to land of dead. Icelandic: De la Saussaye 292, *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 75.

E481.3. E481.3. Abode of dead in mountain. Patch PMLA XXXIII 614 n. 48; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 335b s.v. “Geister”; Gaster Oldest Stories 156.

E481.3.1. E481.3.1. Abode of the dead in hills, barrows. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E481.3.2. E481.3.2. Abode of the dead in stones. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 312.

E481.4. E481.4. Beautiful land of dead. (Rosengarten). Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 79f.

E481.4.1. E481.4.1. Avalon. (Cf. F323.) Happy otherworld where dead are healed. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 31 (Geoffrey of Monmouth), 33 (Layamon‘s Brut), 50 (Le Morte Arthure); Hartland Science 204 (Olger the Dane).

E481.5. E481.5. Ghost lives midway between heaven and earth. Fb “spшgelse” III 519b.

E481.6. E481.6. Land of dead in one of the cardinal directions.

E481.6.1. E481.6.1. Land of dead in north. Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 77f.; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 101.

E481.6.2. E481.6.2. Land of dead in west. (Cf. A692.1.) Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 77f.; Irish myth: *Cross; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E481.6.3. E481.6.3. Land of dead in east. Icelandic: Boberg.

E481.7. E481.7. Icy inferno. (Cf. E481.6.1.) Krappe Йtudes 46 n. 2.

E481.8. E481.8. Land of dead in sky. India: *Thompson-Balys; Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 76.

E481.8.1. E481.8.1. Account book of men summoned to death kept in heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

E481.8.2. E481.8.2. Moon as land of dead. Samoa: Clark 181.

E481.8.3. E481.8.3. Venus as land of dead. Africa (Fang): Trilles 136.

E481.8.4. E481.8.4. Dead in house of cloud. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 79.

E481.9. E481.9. King of world of dead. (Cf. E481.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross (E481.1.1.1); Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Baholoholo): Einstein 216.

E482. E482. Land of shades. Everything is done by unseen people. Type 425; Tegethoff 14; *Siuts 218ff.; Ward Catalogue of Romances II 425 (Voyage of St. Brandon); N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 339 n. 221.

E485. E485. Land of skulls. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 275.

E485.1. E485.1. Land of skeletons. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 230.

E487. E487. Glowing beds of dead. Youth in land of dead puts staff into one of the beds. The iron glows and the wood burns. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 63, 102, Beal XXI 324, 333; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 7.

E489. E489. Abode of the dead--miscellaneous.

E489.1. E489.1. Dead awaken after three days to new life and great wisdom. Fb “dшd” I 228a.

E489.2. E489.2. Life in land of dead contrary to ours. People grow younger and smaller till they become nothing and are reborn. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 73.

E489.3. E489.3. Forgetting Charon‘s fee. Philosopher forgets to put coin in mouth before death (Charon’s fee). Charon: “Don‘t you know the custom?” Answer: “Yes, but I couldn’t put off dying for a quarter!”--Italian Novella: Rotunda.

E489.4. E489.4. Man‘s spirit in land of dead prophesies his own future death. India: Thompson-Balys.

E489.5. E489.5. Dancing in afterworld. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E489.6. E489.6. Culture hero gambles with ruler of the afterworld: result, death or increase in game. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 85.

E489.7. E489.7. Judas Iscariot appears in midst of sea on rock washed alternately by fiery and icy waves. (Cf. Q560.2.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E489.8. E489.8. Why living cannot go to land of the dead. Chinese: Graham.

E489.9. E489.9. In land of dead the dead walk on grass without bending it and on mud without sinking. (Cf. F973.2.) Chinese: Graham.

E489.10. E489.10. Land of dead “in Abraham’s bosom”. Jewish: *Neuman.

E489.11. E489.11. Inhabitants of land of dead have great thirst. Jewish: *Neuman.

E490. E490. Meetings of the dead.

E491. E491. Procession of the dead. *BP III 472 n. 1; Fb “gjenganger” I 443b, “Nytеrsaften” II 707b; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 23 No. 204; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 Nos. 100, 105, 326 Nos. 15, 17; *Geiger Archives suisses des Traditions Populaires XLVII 71--76; West Indies: Flowers 431; Pochulata: Boas JAFL XXV 226; Spanish: Boas ibid. 251; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E492. E492. Mass (church service) of the dead. Held at midnight. *BP III 472, 545; Krappe Balor 116ff., 121 n. 11, JAFL LX 159ff.; *Fb “dшd” I 228a, “kirke” II 125b; *Grunwald Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXX--XXXI 316; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1895) 280ff., (1928) 176ff.; Norwegian: Solheim Register 17; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3558; Jewish: *Neuman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 242.

E493. E493. Dead men dance. *Fb “spшgelse” III 520a, “danse” IV 93a, “sjжl” III 214b, “kirkegaard” II 128b; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 335 s.v. “Geister”; England, U.S.: *Baughman; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Grinnell 192, (Hupa): Goddard UCal I 239 No. 25, (Luiseсo): DuBois UCal VIII 154, (Zuсi): Cushing 48 No. 2, (Cherokee): Mooney RBAE XIX 252 No. 5, 331 No. 78, (Kwakiutl): Boas and Hunt JE III 106; Africa: Werner African 188f.

E494. E494. Ball game in lower world. (Cf. E577.1.) N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Alexander N. A. Myth 137; *Icelandic: Boberg.

E495. E495. Wedding of the dead. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 23 No. 208.

E495.1. E495.1. Ghostly marriage party. India: Thompson-Balys.

E495.2. E495.2. Marriage (ceremony) to a ghost. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E496. E496. Ghosts gathered on a bridge. *Fb “bro” IV 62b.

E497. E497. Fighting warriors show the way of their past life and of their death. Icelandic: Boberg.

E499. E499. Meetings of the dead--miscellaneous.

E499.1. E499.1. Gay banquet of the dead. (Cf. E541.) England, U.S.: *Baughman; N. Y.: Jones JAFL LVII 241.

E499.2. E499.2. Orchestra of ghosts. U.S.: Baughman.

E499.3. E499.3. Pot so heavy with ghosts that girl cannot lift it. (Cf. D1317.10.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E499.4. E499.4. Dead in lower world complain about odor of human visitor. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E500. E500. Phantom hosts.

E501. E501. The Wild Hunt. (Cf. F282.) (Die Wilde Jagd, Das Wьtende Heer, Odinsjжger, Chasse Fantastique.) A ghostly hunter and his rout continue the chase. **Plischke (bibliography); **Schweda; *Wahner Der Wilde Jдger in Schlesien; Lorentzen; Brunk Der wilde Jдger im Glauben des pommerschen Volkes (Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 179); *Zingerle 589f. (bibliography): Jacobsen Harlekin og den vilde Jжger (Dania IX 1); Heilberg Theodorich som den vilde Jжger (Dania IX 239); Olrik Odinsjжgeren i Jylland (Dania VIII 139); *Fb “Odinsjжger” III 730ff.; RTP II 156, VI 291, VII 175, 328, VIII 566, IX 91, 411, XIII 186, 695f.; XIV 83, XVI 453, 531, XVII 504f.; Hartland Science 234ff.; Wehrhan 84; Walhouse FL VIII (1897) 196; *O. Hцfler Kultische Geheimbьnde der Germanen Bd. I: Das germanische Totenheer (Frankfurt a. M., 1934); Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 234. Musical treatments: Raff Symphony No. 3 (1869); J. Triebensee “Die wilde Jagd” (opera, Budapest, 1824); H. Payer “Der wilde Jдger” (opera, Vienna, 1806); V. E. Nessler “Der wilde Jдger” (opera, Leipzig, 1881); M. J. Beer “Der wilde Jдger” (cantata, Olmьtz, 1888); A. Schultz “Der wilde Jдger” (opera, Brunswick, 1887); Mьller-Reuter “Hackelberends Begrдbnis” (choral ballad, 1902); C. Franck “Le Chasseur Maudit” (symphonic poem, 1883). For classical parallels see H. Hepding Attis 124; Gruppe Griechische Religionsgeschichte (1907) 1290 n. 2; Samter Geburt, Hochzeit, Tod 206 n. 5.--Irish: *Cross; Beal XXI 322; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3518; Norwegian: *Solheim Register 17.

E501.1. E501.1. Leader of the Wild Hunt. *Rьhlemann passim.

E501.1.1. E501.1.1. King as wild huntsman. (Cf. E501.1.7.) Schweda 38; *Fb “Odins jжger” II 731b; Hartland Science 234, 236; RTP XVII 504f.

E501.1.2. E501.1.2. Nobleman as wild huntsman. Schweda 38; Fb “Odins jжger” II 731b.

E501.1.3. E501.1.3. Rich man as wild huntsman. Schweda 38.

E501.1.4. E501.1.4. Forester as wild huntsman. Schweda 38.

E501.1.5. E501.1.5. Freemason as wild huntsman. Schweda 38.

E501.1.6. E501.1.6. Saint as leader of wild hunt. RTP XVII 504f.

E501.1.7. E501.1.7. Historic or romantic hero as leader of wild hunt. Plischke 41; RTP XVII 504f.

E501.1.7.1. E501.1.7.1. King Herla as wild huntsman. *Liebrecht 28; Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 18.

E501.1.7.2. E501.1.7.2. Theodoric as wild huntsman. *Heilberg Dania IX 239, Nyrop ibid. X 177; BP IV 140; Oesterley No. 190.

E501.1.7.3. E501.1.7.3. Wild Edric as leader of Wild Hunt. England: *Baughman.

E501.1.8. E501.1.8. Woman as leader of wild hunt. Favorites are Herodias, Diana, Frau Holle.--Plischke 47; Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 231.

E501.1.8.1. E501.1.8.1. Herodias as leader of wild hunt. Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXII (1912) 238 n. 7; Germania XVI (1871) 217; Dunlop-Liebrecht 474 n. 170; Grimm Deutsche Mythologie 599; La Tradition IV 69; *Kloss MLN XXIII 82; *Grunwald Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXX--XXXI 317.

E501.1.8.2. E501.1.8.2. Artemis as leader of wild hunt. Gruppe Griechische Religionsgeschichte 840 n. 5, 1292.

E501.1.8.3. E501.1.8.3. Hecate as leader of wild hunt. Pauly-Wissowa s.v. “Hekate”; Rohde Psyche II 84.

E501.2. E501.2. Participants in wild hunt.

E501.2.1. E501.2.1. Knights in wild hunt. Plischke 29.

E501.2.2. E501.2.2. Ladies in wild hunt. Plischke 29.

E501.2.3. E501.2.3. Witches in wild hunt. (Cf. G200.) Plischke 29.

E501.2.4. E501.2.4. Courtisans in wild hunt. (Cf. E501.5.1.2.) Plischke 29.

E501.2.5. E501.2.5. Churchmen in wild hunt. Plischke 29.

E501.2.6. E501.2.6. Soldiers in wild hunt. Plischke 29.

E501.2.7. E501.2.7. Unbaptized children in wild hunt. Plischke 30; *Fb “udшbt” III 960a.

E501.3. E501.3. Wild huntsmen wander because of sin. Schweda 38.

E501.3.1. E501.3.1. Wild huntsman wanders because of cruelty. Schweda 38.

E501.3.2. E501.3.2. Wild huntsman wanders because of suicide. Schweda 38.

E501.3.3. E501.3.3. Wild huntsman wanders because of parricide. Harow RTP XX 369.

E501.3.4. E501.3.4. Wild huntsman wanders because of unshriven death. Schweda 38.

E501.3.5. E501.3.5. Wild huntsman wanders for failure to keep fast day. Plischke 29.

E501.3.6. E501.3.6. Wild huntsman wanders for hunting on Sunday. *Fb “Sшndag” III 741a, “Odins jжger” II 731b.

E501.3.7. E501.3.7. Wild huntsman wanders because he wished to continue hunt after death. Fb “jagt” II 36, “jagen” II 35; RTP XIII 695f.

E501.3.8. E501.3.8. Wild huntsman wanders for disturbing church service. Plischke 34.

E501.3.9. E501.3.9. Wild huntsmen cannot die until evil in world has been made right and things return as they had been. England: Baughman.

E501.3.10. E501.3.10. Wild huntswoman wanders because of murder of daughter. England: Baughman.

E501.4. E501.4. Animals follow wild huntsman.

E501.4.0.1. E501.4.0.1. Animals in wild hunt reincarnation of murdered person. Plischke 31.

E501.4.1. E501.4.1. Dogs in wild hunt. Schweda 25; England: Baughman; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 50f., 56, Beal XXI 318f.

E501.4.1.1. E501.4.1.1. Enormous pack of dogs in wild hunt. Overcome people by their mass. Plischke 32.

E501.4.1.2. E501.4.1.2. Dogs with fiery tongues in wild hunt. Schweda 25; *Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 232; Fb “Odins jжger” II 732a; England: Baughman.

E501.4.1.3. E501.4.1.3. Dogs with fiery eyes in wild hunt. Schweda 25.

E501.4.1.4. E501.4.1.4. Dogs with eyes hanging out over mouth in wild hunt. Fb “шje” III 1165b.

E501.4.1.5. E501.4.1.5. Black dogs in wild hunt. Schweda 25; England: Baughman.

E501.4.1.6. E501.4.1.6. Three-legged dogs in wild hunt. *Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol 590; H. Usener Dreiheit (Rheinisches Museum f. Philologie N. F. LVIII (1903) 1ff., 161ff.).

E501.4.1.7. E501.4.1.7. Winged dogs in wild hunt. RTP XVII 505.

E501.4.1.8. E501.4.1.8. Dogs in single file in wild hunt. Schweda 25.

E501.4.1.9. E501.4.1.9. Dogs on leash in wild hunt. Schweda 25.

E501.4.1.10. E501.4.1.10. Baying dogs in wild hunt. Schweda 25; Fb “hund” I 676a.

E501.4.2. E501.4.2. Wild huntsman‘s horse. *Howie 51.

E501.4.2.1. E501.4.2.1. White horse in wild hunt. *Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 235; Schweda 25.

E501.4.2.2. E501.4.2.2. Black horse in wild hunt. Schweda 25.

E501.4.2.3. E501.4.2.3. Brown horse in wild hunt. Schweda 25.

E501.4.2.4. E501.4.2.4. Horse in wild hunt breathes fire. Schweda 25; Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 235.

E501.4.2.5. E501.4.2.5. Horse with fiery eyes in wild hunt. Schweda 25.

E501.4.2.6. E501.4.2.6. Two-legged horse in wild hunt. Plischke 30.

E501.4.2.7. E501.4.2.7. Headless horse in wild hunt. Plischke 30.

E501.4.3. E501.4.3. Boar (sow) in wild hunt. Plischke 31.

E501.4.3.1. E501.4.3.1. One-eyed sow in wild hunt. Plischke 31.

E501.4.3.2. E501.4.3.2. Blind wild boar in wild hunt. Plischke 32.

E501.4.4. E501.4.4. Two ravens follow wild huntsman. *Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol 588.

E501.4.5. E501.4.5. Owl (ghost of nun) in wild hunt. Plischke 34.

E501.5. E501.5. Object of wild hunt’s pursuit.

E501.5.1. E501.5.1. Wild hunter pursues a woman. Plischke 65; Fb “Odins jжger” II 732b; Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 233.

E501.5.1.1. E501.5.1.1. Naked woman pursued and cut in two by rider. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 228; *Herbert III 134.

E501.5.1.2. E501.5.1.2. Prostitutes pursued in wild hunt. (Cf. E501.2.4.) Plischke 65.

E501.5.1.3. E501.5.1.3. Witches pursued in wild hunt. Plischke 65.

E501.5.2. E501.5.2. Fairies pursued in wild hunt. Fb “Odins jжger” II 732ab.

E501.5.3. E501.5.3. Wood-spirits pursued in wild hunt. Plischke 66.

E501.5.4. E501.5.4. Unbaptized children pursued in wild hunt. Plischke 65.

E501.5.5. E501.5.5. Animals pursued in wild hunt.

E501.5.5.1. E501.5.5.1. Hare pursued in wild hunt. Plischke 66.

E501.5.5.2. E501.5.5.2. Deer pursued in wild hunt. Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 232; RTP XXII 466.

E501.6. E501.6. Ghostly warner of wild hunt‘s approach. Plischke 38.

E501.7. E501.7. Personal appearance of wild huntsmen.

E501.7.1. E501.7.1. Wild huntsmen headless. *Zingerle 589; Schweda 28.

E501.7.2. E501.7.2. Wild huntsmen with deer-heads. Plischke 29.

E501.7.3. E501.7.3. Wild huntsmen with heads on backward. Plischke 29.

E501.7.4. E501.7.4. Wild huntsmen carrying skull under arms. Plischke 29.

E501.7.5. E501.7.5. Wild huntsmen with entrails stringing from open bodies. Plischke 29.

E501.7.6. E501.7.6. Wild huntsmen luminous. Zingerle 4 No. 6.

E501.7.6.1. E501.7.6.1. Wild huntsmen exhale fire. Schweda 28.

E501.7.6.2. E501.7.6.2. Wild huntsmen have fiery eyes. Schweda 29.

E501.7.6.3. E501.7.6.3. Wild huntsmen leave fiery tracks. Schweda 28.

E501.7.6.4. E501.7.6.4. Wild huntsmen surrounded by fire. Schweda 29.

E501.7.7. E501.7.7. Wild huntsmen with long hair. Schweda 29.

E501.8. E501.8. Clothing of wild huntsmen.

E501.8.1. E501.8.1. Wild huntsmen dressed in black. Schweda 29.

E501.8.2. E501.8.2. Wild huntsmen dressed in red. Schweda 29.

E501.8.3. E501.8.3. Wild huntsmen dressed in white. Schweda 29.

E501.8.4. E501.8.4. Wild huntsmen dressed in ancient costume. Schweda 29.

E501.8.5. E501.8.5. Wild huntsmen belted and tied up. Plischke 35.

E501.8.6. E501.8.6. Wild huntsman with black fur cap and white staff. Hartland Science 236.

E501.9. E501.9. Wild huntsmen invisible. Tobler 92.

E501.10. E501.10. Objects as part of wild hunt.

E501.10.1. E501.10.1. Empty shoe follows wild hunt. Plischke 35.

E501.10.2. E501.10.2. Worn-out broom at head of wild hunt. Plischke 35.

E501.10.3. E501.10.3. Wagon accompanies wild hunt. Plischke 36.

E501.11. E501.11. Time of appearance of wild hunt.

E501.11.1. E501.11.1. Wild hunt appears at night. *Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 235.

E501.11.1.1. E501.11.1.1. Wild hunt appears at midnight. Schweda 16; Plischke 52.

E501.11.1.2. E501.11.1.2. Wild hunt abroad until cockcrow. Schweda 16.

E501.11.1.3. E501.11.1.3. Wild hunt appears on St. John’s Night. Schweda 16.

E501.11.1.4. E501.11.1.4. Wild hunt appears on stormy nights. Plischke 55.

E501.11.2. E501.11.2. Wild hunt appears at certain seasons.

E501.11.2.1. E501.11.2.1. Wild hunt appears in winter. Schweda 16; Plischke 54.

E501.11.2.2. E501.11.2.2. Wild hunt appears between Christmas and Twelfth Night. Plischke 54.

E501.11.2.3. E501.11.2.3. Wild hunt appears on feast-days. Schweda 16; Plischke 55; Fb “Odins jжger” II 732ab.

E501.11.3. E501.11.3. Wild hunt appears periodically.

E501.11.3.1. E501.11.3.1. Wild hunt appears every seven years. Plischke 64.

E501.11.3.2. E501.11.3.2. Wild hunt appears yearly at same moment. Plischke 74.

E501.12. E501.12. Place of appearance of wild hunt.

E501.12.1. E501.12.1. Wild hunt appears in woods. Schweda 13; Plischke 57.

E501.12.2. E501.12.2. Wild hunt appears in churchyard. Schweda 13.

E501.12.3. E501.12.3. Wild hunt appears at crossroads. Schweda 13; Plischke 61.

E501.12.4. E501.12.4. Wild hunt appears by body of water. Schweda 13; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 678.

E501.12.5. E501.12.5. Wild hunt appears by hill or mountain. Schweda 14; Plischke 57.

E501.12.6. E501.12.6. Wild hunt appears in a field. Schweda 14.

E501.12.6.1. E501.12.6.1. Wild hunt appears in old battlefield. Plischke 29, 59.

E501.12.7. E501.12.7. Wild hunt appears at desert spot. Schweda 14.

E501.12.8. E501.12.8. Wild hunt appears at castle. Schweda 14.

E501.12.9. E501.12.9. Wild hunt appears over city. Schweda 14.

E501.12.10. E501.12.10. Wild hunt appears at old mill. Schweda 14.

E501.13. E501.13. Phenomena at appearance of wild hunt.

E501.13.1. E501.13.1. Wild hunt heralded by noise. Schweda 20, Plischke 36.

E501.13.1.1. E501.13.1.1. Wild hunt heralded by detonation. Schweda 21.

E501.13.1.2. E501.13.1.2. Wild hunt heralded by rattle of chains. Schweda 20; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 250.

E501.13.1.3. E501.13.1.3. Wild hunt heralded by clash of swords. Plischke 29.

E501.13.1.4. E501.13.1.4. Wild hunt heralded by ringing of bells. Schweda 21.

E501.13.2. E501.13.2. Wild hunt heralded by music. Plischke 36.

E501.13.3. E501.13.3. Wild hunt heralded by noise of horses.

E501.13.3.1. E501.13.3.1. Wild hunt heralded by stamping of horses. Schweda 21.

E501.13.3.2. E501.13.3.2. Wild hunt heralded by neighing of horses. Schweda 21.

E501.13.4. E501.13.4. Wild hunt heralded by baying of hounds. Schweda 21.

E501.13.5. E501.13.5. Wild hunt heralded by shouts of huntsmen. Schweda 21, Tobler 92.

E501.13.6. E501.13.6. Wild hunt heralded by storm. Plischke 37.

E501.13.7. E501.13.7. Wild hunt heralded by fire. Schweda 21.

E501.14. E501.14. Course of wild hunt.

E501.14.1. E501.14.1. Wild hunt chases in air. Plischke 62; Mazeret RTP XXV 313.

E501.14.1.1. E501.14.1.1. Wild hunt in air very close to ground. Plischke 63.

E501.14.2. E501.14.2. Wild hunt courses in particular direction. Plischke 63.

E501.14.3. E501.14.3. Wild hunt goes thrice around pond. Schweda 29.

E501.14.4. E501.14.4. Wild hunt goes several times around a hill. Schweda 29.

E501.14.5. E501.14.5. Wild hunt goes around the entire earth. Plischke 64.

E501.14.6. E501.14.6. Wild hunt goes through houses when front and back doors are on a line. (Cf. E501.17.5.4.) Plischke 64; Fb “port” II 862b, “Odins jжger” II 732b.

E501.15. E501.15. Behavior of wild huntsmen.

E501.15.1. E501.15.1. Wild huntsman blows horn. Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. VII 232.

E501.15.2. E501.15.2. Wild huntsman has his horse beaten. *Zingerle 589.

E501.15.3. E501.15.3. Wild huntsman makes people carry him on their backs. Harou RTP XX 368.

E501.15.4. E501.15.4. Wild huntsman repays with leaves (shavings) that turn to gold. Plischke 36; Zingerle 589.

E501.15.5. E501.15.5. Living smith must repair wagon belonging to wild hunt. Plischke 36.

E501.15.6. E501.15.6. Behavior of wild huntsman’s dogs.

E501.15.6.1. E501.15.6.1. Wild huntsman asks people to hold his dogs. Fb “Odins jжger” II 732a.

E501.15.6.2. E501.15.6.2. Wild huntsman turns his dogs loose on those he meets. Harou RTP XX 368.

E501.15.6.3. E501.15.6.3. Bite of wild huntsman‘s dogs drives other dogs mad. *Fb “hund” I 676a, “Odins jжger” II 732a.

E501.15.6.4. E501.15.6.4. Wild huntsman’s dogs cannot pass over grave. Must be lifted over. Plischke 33.

E501.15.6.5. E501.15.6.5. Wild huntsman‘s dog cannot be dislodged from house it has entered. Plischke 33.

E501.15.6.6. E501.15.6.6. Wild huntsman’s dogs eat dough, bread, meal, etc. Plischke 33; *Zingerle 590.

E501.15.6.7. E501.15.6.7. Wild huntsman‘s dog when seized becomes stick (black coal). Plischke 32.

E501.15.7. E501.15.7. Wild huntsman waters his horse. Fb “Odins jжger” II 732a.

E501.15.8. E501.15.8. Wild huntsman lives in room on farm. Fb “Odins jжger” 732b.

E501.16. E501.16. Phenomena at disappearance of wild hunt.

E501.16.1. E501.16.1. Wild hunt disappears with loud noise. Schweda 21.

E501.16.2. E501.16.2. Wild hunt disappears with movement of tree tops. Schweda 21.

E501.16.3. E501.16.3. Wild hunt disappears with blast of wind. Schweda 21.

E501.16.4. E501.16.4. Wild hunt disappears in column of fire. Schweda 21.

E501.16.5. E501.16.5. Wild hunt disappears during storm. Schweda 21.

E501.17. E501.17. Evading or combating the wild hunt.

E501.17.1. E501.17.1. Wild hunt powerless against certain persons.

E501.17.1.1. E501.17.1.1. Wild hunt powerless against herdsmen. Schweda 31.

E501.17.1.2. E501.17.1.2. Wild hunt powerless against churchmen. Schweda 32.

E501.17.2. E501.17.2. Wild hunt powerless beyond certain range. Schweda 32.

E501.17.3. E501.17.3. Wild hunt powerless at crossroads. Schweda 32; Plischke 32, 37; RTP XX 163.

E501.17.4. E501.17.4. Wild hunt’s power evaded.

E501.17.4.1. E501.17.4.1. Power of wild hunt evaded by prayer. Schweda 31; Plischke 79.

E501.17.4.2. E501.17.4.2. Power of wild hunt evaded by formula. (Cf. D1273.) Schweda 32.

E501.17.4.3. E501.17.4.3. Power of wild hunt evaded by sacrificing to huntsman‘s dogs. Fb “kvie” II 338.

E501.17.4.4. E501.17.4.4. Power of wild hunt evaded by silence. Schweda 31; England: Baughman.

E501.17.5. E501.17.5. Wild hunt avoided.

E501.17.5.1. E501.17.5.1. Wild hunt avoided by keeping on one’s road. Sometimes in middle of road or on right side of road. Schweda 31; Plischke 77.

E501.17.5.2. E501.17.5.2. Wild hunt avoided by getting out of its course. Plischke 76.

E501.17.5.3. E501.17.5.3. Wild hunt avoided by keeping in house with windows closed. (Cf. E501.14.6.) Plischke 76.

E501.17.5.4. E501.17.5.4. Wild hunt avoided by throwing self to earth. Plischke 76.

E501.17.5.5. E501.17.5.5. Wild hunt avoided by staying within circle. (Cf. D1272.) Plischke 76.

E501.17.5.6. E501.17.5.6. Wild hunt avoided by holding bread. (Cf. D1031.1.) Plischke 78.

E501.17.5.7. E501.17.5.7. Wild hunt avoided by holding certain plant. (Cf. D965.) Plischke 78.

E501.17.5.8. E501.17.5.8. Sound of wild hunt avoided by sticking fingers in ears. Fb “шre” III 1181a.

E501.17.6. E501.17.6. Wild huntsman pacified.

E501.17.6.1. E501.17.6.1. Wild huntsman pacified by sacrifice. *Fb “ofre” II 735a.

E501.17.6.2. E501.17.6.2. Wild huntsman pacified with food. Fb “Odins jжger” II 732b.

E501.17.7. E501.17.7. Wild huntsman released from wandering.

E501.17.7.1. E501.17.7.1. Wild huntsman released from wandering by mould from Christ‘s grave. Fb “Kristi grav”.

E501.17.8. E501.17.8. Wild hunt forced to depart.

E501.17.8.1. E501.17.8.1. Wild hunt frightened away by scolding. Plischke 75.

E501.18. E501.18. Evil effects of meeting wild hunt.

E501.18.1. E501.18.1. Wild hunt harmful to certain persons.

E501.18.1.1. E501.18.1.1. Wild hunt harmful to mockers. Schweda 31; Plischke 69, 72.

E501.18.1.2. E501.18.1.2. Wild hunt harmful to thieves. Schweda 31.

E501.18.1.3. E501.18.1.3. Wild hunt harmful to the curious. Schweda 31.

E501.18.1.3.1. E501.18.1.3.1. Wild hunt throws down man’s dead child when asked for part of game. England: Baughman.

E501.18.2. E501.18.2. Wild hunt throws human flesh on persons who see it. This cannot be removed. Schweda 32; Plischke 72.

E501.18.3. E501.18.3. Wild hunt throws horses‘ feet on persons who see it. This cannot be removed. Schweda 32; Plischke 72.

E501.18.4. E501.18.4. Wild hunt carries person off. Plischke 69; England: Baughman.

E501.18.5. E501.18.5. Wild hunt throws person to ground. Plischke 70.

E501.18.6. E501.18.6. Sight of wild hunt renders person insane. Plischke 70.

E501.18.7. E501.18.7. Sight of wild hunt blinds person. Plischke 70.

E501.18.8. E501.18.8. Sight of wild hunt causes swelling of head. Plischke 71.

E501.18.9. E501.18.9. Sight of wild hunt causes one to stick axe or knife in foot. Plischke 71.

E501.18.10. E501.18.10. Sight of wild hunt causes death. Schweda 32; Ireland: Baughman.

E501.19. E501.19. Remedy for effects of seeing wild hunt.

E501.19.1. E501.19.1. Effects of wild hunt remedied by seeing it a year later in same place. Plischke 74.

E501.19.2. E501.19.2. Effects of wild hunt remedied by asking the huntsmen for salt. Plischke 74.

E501.19.3. E501.19.3. Effects of wild hunt remedied by asking the huntsmen for parsley. Plischke 74.

E501.19.4. E501.19.4. Effects of wild hunt remedied by asking to partake in booty of hunt. This booty is the same kind as the hunt has already thrown down. (Cf. E501.18.2.) Plischke 74.

E501.19.5. E501.19.5. Effects of wild hunt remedied by eating part of flesh thrown down by it. (Cf. E501.18.2.) Plischke 75.

E501.19.6. E501.19.6. Effects of wild hunt remedied by prayer. Plischke 75.

E501.20. E501.20. Wild hunt as omen.

E501.20.1. E501.20.1. Wild hunt as omen of disaster. RTP XII 186.

E501.20.1.1. E501.20.1.1. Wild hunt as omen of war. Plischke 67; Fb “krig” II 296a; England: Baughman.

E501.20.1.2. E501.20.1.2. Wild hunt as omen of pestilence. Plischke 67.

E501.20.2. E501.20.2. Wild hunt as omen of plentiful year. Plischke 68.

E501.20.3. E501.20.3. Wild hunt as weather omen. Plischke 68.

E502. E502. The Sleeping Army. Soldiers killed in battle come forth on occasions from their resting place (hill, grave, grotto) and march about or send their leader to do so.--*Schweda 59ff.; *Hartland Science 216ff.; Howey 9; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

E510. E510. Phantom sailors and travelers.

E511. E511. The Flying Dutchman. A sea captain because of his wickedness sails his phantom ship eternally without coming to harbor. **G. Kalff De Sage van den Vliegenden Hollander (Zupthen, 1923); **Engert Die Sage vom Fliegenden Hollдnder; **W. Sцderhjelm Flygande hollдnderen (Helsingfors, 1890); *Andraea Anglia Beiblatt XIII (1902) 47; Golther Zur deutschen Sage und Dichtung 7; Fb “skib” III 243a; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E511.1. E511.1. Reason for Flying Dutchman’s punishment.

E511.1.1. E511.1.1. Flying Dutchman sails because of cruelty. See all references to E511.

E511.1.2. E511.1.2. Flying Dutchman sails because of pact with Devil. Engert 21ff.

E511.1.3. E511.1.3. Flying Dutchman sails because he defied the storm. Engert passim.

E511.2. E511.2. Flying Dutchman‘s ship.

E511.2.1. E511.2.1. Flying Dutchman has dead men as sailors. Fb “skib” III 243a.

E512. E512. Phantom cart driver wanders because of blasphemy. “Peter Rugg the Missing Man.” Boasts that he will reach home despite storm or never see his home again. He always travels in hard shower of rain or just ahead of one. U.S.: *Baughman.

E520. E520. Animal ghosts. Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Geist”; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 22 No. 201; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 243.

E521. E521. Ghost of domestic beast.

E521.1. E521.1. Ghost of horse. *Howey 31; *Fb “stud” III 619b, “hest” I 599b, “helhest” I 584b; *Kittredge Witchcraft 177 n. 31; *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 164ff.; England: Baughman.

E521.1.1. E521.1.1. Headless ghost of horse. *Howey 62; *Fb “stud” III 619b, “hest” I 599b, “helhest” I 584b; Japanese: Ikeda.

E521.1.2. E521.1.2. Three-legged ghost of horse. Fb “helhest” I 584b; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 15, 420, 1011, III 1517.

E521.1.3. E521.1.3. Ghost of race horse wins race in competition with living horses. U.S.: Baughman.

E521.2. E521.2. Ghost of dog. Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Geist”; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 22 No. 202; Jewish: *Neuman; Texas: Bishop Pub. Texas Folklore Soc. XV 119--21; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 488, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 228.

E521.2.1. E521.2.1. Ashes of dead dog speak. *Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 265 No. 72.

E521.2.2. E521.2.2. Headless ghost of dog. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 682.

E521.3. E521.3. Ghost of cat. (Cf. E423.1.2.) Kittredge Witchcraft 497 n. 41.

E521.4. E521.4. Ghost of calf. (Cf. E423.1.8.1.) *Fb “kalv” II 79a; U.S.: Baughman.

E521.5. E521.5. Ghost of hog. Fb “svin” III 676b.

E521.5.0.1. E521.5.0.1. Headless ghost of hog. (Cf. E422.1.1.) Fb “svin” III 676b.

E521.5.1. E521.5.1. Ghost of sow. Fb “sш” III 450a.

E522. E522. Ghost of wild beast.

E522.1. E522.1. Ghost of fox (Cf. E423.2.3.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 24.

E522.2. E522.2. Ghost of bear. (Cf. E423.2.1.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 87.

E523. E523. Ghost of fish. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 33.

E524. E524. Ghost of bird. (Cf. E423.3.)

E524.1. E524.1. Ghost of goose. Fb “gasse” I 425a.

E524.2. E524.2. Ghost of cock.

E524.2.1. E524.2.1. Cooked cock crows. Fb “kok” IV 272b.

E530. E530. Ghosts of objects. Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Geist”; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 23 No. 205.

E530.1. E530.1. Ghost-like lights. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 23 No. 210; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E530.1.1. E530.1.1. Ghost light follows ghost. U.S.: *Baughman.

E530.1.2. E530.1.2. Ball of fire haunts murderer. U.S.: *Baughman.

E530.1.3. E530.1.3. Ghost light haunts burial spot. England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E530.1.4. E530.1.4. Ghost light on farm indicates that occupants will move shortly. Scotland: Baughman.

E530.1.5. E530.1.5. Ghost light indicates impending calamity. Scotland: *Baughman.

E530.1.6. E530.1.6. Ghost light serves as death omen. (Cf. D1812.5.) England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E530.1.7. E530.1.7. Ghost light indicates route funeral will take. (Cf. D1825.7.1.) England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E531. E531. Ghost-like building. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 23 No. 207; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E532. E532. Ghost-like picture. U.S.: *Baughman.

E533. E533. Ghostly bell.

E533.1. E533.1. Ghostly bell sounds from under water. England: *Baughman.

E533.2. E533.2. Self-tolling bell. England: Baughman.

E534. E534. Phantom spinning-wheel makes noise. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 678.

E535. E535. Ghostlike conveyance (wagon, etc.). Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 22 No. 203; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 241--243.

E535.1. E535.1. Phantom coach and horses. England, Ireland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E535.2. E535.2. Ghostly wagon. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E535.3. E535.3. Ghost ship. (Cf. E510.) Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman. Childs NYFQ V 146ff.; Jones JAFL LVII 244.

E535.3.1. E535.3.1. Phantom canoe. New York: Jones JAFL LVII 244.

E535.3.2. E535.3.2. Phantom boat. Tahiti: Henry 91.

E535.4. E535.4. Phantom railway train. U.S.: *Baughman; Jones JAFL LVII 241, 244.

E538. E538. Ghoulish ghost objects.

E538.1. E538.1. Spectral coffin. U.S.: Baughman.

E538.2. E538.2. Ghostly rope of suicide appears. U.S.: Baughman.

E539. E539. Other ghostly objects.

E539.1. E539.1. Oven door jumps into room; money thought to be under spot where it lands. England: Baughman.

E539.2. E539.2. Pot jumps in house to indicate money hidden underneath it. England: Baughman.

E539.3. E539.3. Ghostly wool-packs roll over fields, down hill. England: *Baughman.

E539.4. E539.4. Ghostly chair.

E539.4.1. E539.4.1. Ghostly chair in cellar jumps up and down on three legs, points with fourth at spot on floor. Witnesses dig up body from under floor. U.S.: Baughman.

E539.5. E539.5. Coal in bin jumps around and gurgles. U.S.: Baughman.

E540. E540. Miscellaneous actions of revenants.

E541. E541. Revenants eat. (Cf. E499.1.) *Fb “lig” II 412b, “spшgelse” III 518ab.; India: Thompson-Balys.

E541.1. E541.1. Food placed out for returning souls of dead. Germanic: Celander Nordisk Jul I 203ff., Wuttke Volksaberglaube 471, Archiv f. Religionsgeschichte XIX (1918) 134; Lappish: Rheen Svenska Landsmеlen XVII (1898) 27; Slavic: Mбchal 230; India: Thompson-Balys.

E541.2. E541.2. Ghost eats living human beings. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E541.3. E541.3. Dead come forth and eat grave-offerings. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 488, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 154.

E541.4. E541.4. Revenants drink. India: Thompson-Balys.

E541.4.1. E541.4.1. Amputated head asks for drink. India: Thompson-Balys.

E541.5. E541.5. Dead beg food from living. Africa (Bantu): Einstein 193.

E542. E542. Dead man touches living.

E542.1. E542.1. Ghostly fingers leave mark on person‘s body. U.S.: Baughman.

E542.1.1. E542.1.1. Ghostly fingers leave mark on man’s hand. *Fb “hеnd” I 765b.

E542.1.2. E542.1.2. Ghost touches man‘s neck, leaves impression of hand on neck. U.S.: Baughman.

E542.1.3. E542.1.3. Ghost strikes man on mouth; leaves his mouth crooked. Ireland: Baughman.

E542.1.4. E542.1.4. Ghost strikes man on face.

E542.1.4.1. E542.1.4.1. Ghost strikes man on face: cancer grows there. Canada: Baughman.

E542.1.4.2. E542.1.4.2. Ghost strikes man on face: marks remain permanently. U.S.: Baughman.

E542.2. E542.2. Dead man’s hand touches birthmark and thus removes it. *Fb “dшd” I 228a.

E542.3. E542.3. Ghost throws man into ditch, leaving his side numb. England: Baughman.

E542.4. E542.4. Ghost touches man‘s hat, scorching it and turning lock of his hair white. U.S.: Baughman.

E543. E543. Dead drag boat to strand. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 5 No. 41.

E544. E544. Ghost leaves evidence of his appearance. (Cf. E322.3.3.1, E542. 1ff.) Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E544.1. E544.1. Ghost leaves object after appearance. U.S.: Baughman.

E544.1.1. E544.1.1. Ghost leaves behind a crucifix. England: Baughman.

E544.1.2. E544.1.2. Ghost leaves a ring with the living. England: Baughman.

E544.1.3. E544.1.3. Ghost of drowned man leaves puddle of salt water where he stands. U.S.: *Baughman.

E544.2. E544.2. Ghost pulls off blanket from sleeper. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts, Index No. 3540.

E545. E545. The dead speak. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; West Indies: Flowers 431; India: Thompson-Balys.

E545.0.1. E545.0.1. Words uttered from the tomb. *Loomis White Magic 53; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

E545.0.2. E545.0.2. The dead are silent. Irish myth: *Cross.

E545.1. E545.1. Conversation between the dead. Gaster Exempla 206 No. 110; Jewish: *Neuman.

E545.2. E545.2. Dead predict death. (Cf. E363.3.) Wimberly 268; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E545.3. E545.3. Dead announce own death. (Cf. E723ff.) Wimberly 268.

E545.4. E545.4. Dead will not speak of their condition. England: Child II 231--3.

E545.5. E545.5. Questions to dead are dangerous. *Fb “dшd” I 228a; Boberg.

E545.6. E545.6. Dead speak on Hallowe’en. (Cf. V70.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

E545.6.1. E545.6.1. Thirsty when hanged, corpse asks for water on Hallowe‘en. Irish myth: Cross.

E545.7. E545.7. Holy man converses with entombed dead. Irish myth: *Cross.

E545.8. E545.8. Fairy converses with dead. Irish myth: Cross.

E545.9. E545.9. Dead holy man begs grave-digger not to bury sinner on top of him. Irish myth: Cross.

E545.10. E545.10. Corpse exclaims over miracle. Irish myth: Cross.

E545.11. E545.11. Ghost chooses own requiem. Irish myth: Cross.

E545.12. E545.12. Ghost directs man to hidden treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

E545.13. E545.13. Man converses with dead. Jewish: Neuman.

E545.14. E545.14. The dead hear saint’s bell. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: Cross.

E545.15. E545.15. Saint after his death gives directions where he wants to be buried. *Loomis White Magic 53.

E545.16. E545.16. Dead predict calamity or disaster.

E545.16.1. E545.16.1. Dead predict war. (See E575.) U.S.: Baughman.

E545.17. E545.17. The dead foretell the future. (Cf. E363.3, E576.) U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: *Neuman.

E545.18. E545.18. Ghost asks to be taken to former home. (See all references to E332.3.3.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

E545.19. E545.19. Addressing the dead.

E545.19.1. E545.19.1. The dead cannot speak until spoken to. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E545.19.2. E545.19.2. Proper means of addressing ghosts. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E545.20. E545.20. Part of ghost speaks.

E545.20.1. E545.20.1. Strand of hair from drowned woman speaks. U.S.: Baughman.

E545.21. E545.21. Heads of slain people in magician‘s house advises hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

E545.22. E545.22. Conversation between God and Adam’s corpse. Jewish: *Neuman.

E545.23. E545.23. Dead must be answered in whispers. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266, (Greenland): Rink 302, Rasmussen II 269.

E546. E546. The dead sing. (Cf. E371.3.) *Type 4031; *Fb “hvid” I 700b; Irish myth: *Cross; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 244.

E547. E547. The dead wail (Cf. E402ff.) Fb “kirkeklokke” II 131a; Jewish: Neuman.

E547.1. E547.1. The dead groan. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681, 685.

E548. E548. Dead make music on their ribs. Irish: Curtin Myths and Folklore of Ireland 25; India: Thompson-Balys; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 244.

E551. E551. Dead man sobs. (Cf. E402.1.1.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 21.

E552. E552. Ghost in form of bear sneezes. (Cf. E423.2.1.) Tobler 56.

E553. E553. Ghost becomes log during day. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 101.

E554. E554. Ghost plays musical instrument. U.S.: Baughman.

E554.1. E554.1. Ghost plays organ. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 676.

E555. E555. Dead man smokes pipe. Fb “tobak” III 814a, “spшgelse” III 520a; U.S.: Baughman; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 219 No. 41, (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II (1889) 150.

E556. E556. Ghost drinks. U.S.: Baughman.

E556.1. E556.1. Ghost drinks liquor. England, U.S.: Baughman.

E556.1.1. E556.1.1. The dead man asks for whiskey. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

E557. E557. Dead man writes. Fb “spшgelse” III 520a.

E557.1. E557.1. Ghost writes on wall the answers to problems of person in trouble. U.S.: Baughman.

E558. E558. Ghosts forced to labor. India: Thompson-Balys.

E561. E561. Dead person spins. Fb “spшgelse” III 520a, “spinde” III 492a; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

E561.1. E561.1. Sight of dead woman spinning drives people insane. *Fb “spinde” III 492a.

E562. E562. Dead person weaves. Fb “spшgelse” III 520a; England: *Baughman.

E563. E563. Dead person knits. Fb “spшgelse” III 520a.

E564. E564. Man who has died and returned to life becomes diviner. India: Thompson-Balys.

E565. E565. Ghosts clank chains. (Cf. E501.13.1.2., E755.2.2.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 675.

E567. E567. Dead person threshes. Fb “spшgelse” III 520a.

E568. E568. Revenant lies down and sleeps. U.S.: Baughman.

E568.1. E568.1. Revenant leaves impression of body in bed. England, U.S. *Baughman.

E571. E571. Ghostly barber. *Type 326; *BP I 24; *Fb “balbere” IV 23a.

E572. E572. Ghost walks through solid substance. U.S.: *Baughman.

E573. E573. Ghost tried in court. **Jacoby Zs. f. Vksk. XXIII (1913) 184; Jewish: Neuman.

E574. E574. Appearance of ghost serves as death omen. (Cf. D1812.5.1.1, E265.3, E501.20.) England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E575. E575. Ghost as omen of calamity or ill fortune. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E576. E576. Dead man praises God. Jewish: *Neuman.

E576.1. E576.1. Dead intercedes before God for mortal. Jewish: *Neuman.

E577. E577. Dead persons play games. U.S.: Baughman; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153.

E577.1. E577.1. Dead persons play ball. (Cf. E494.) Wimberly 233.

E577.2. E577.2. Dead persons play cards. *Type 326; Fb “spшgelse” III 520a; U.S.: Baughman.

E577.2.1. E577.2.1. Playing cards with a dead man (ghost). Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 678ff.

E577.3. E577.3. Dead persons bowl. Type 326; cf. Washington Irving‘s “Rip Van Winkle”.

E578. E578. Dead persons build fires. Type 326; Russian: Ralston 314; India: Thompson-Balys.

E578.1. E578.1. Revenants want to warm themselves. Type 326.

E578.2. E578.2. Ghosts warm themselves around fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

E581. E581. Dead person rides. Fb “spшgelse” III 520a; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 680--682.

E581.1. E581.1. Whirlwind as ghost’s vehicle. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 84.

E581.2. E581.2. Ghost rides horse. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E581.2.1. E581.2.1. Ghost jumps on horse behind man. (Cf. E262.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681.

E581.3. E581.3. Ghost rides cow. U.S.: *Baughman.

E581.4. E581.4. Ghost rides bus.

E581.4.1. E581.4.1. Ghost rides on bus, disappears before it crosses bridge. U.S.: Baughman.

E581.5. E581.5. Ghost rides heavy iron chest. U.S.: Baughman.

E581.6. E581.6. Ghost rides giant demijohn. U.S.: Baughman.

E581.7. E581.7. Ghost sails over sound on bundle of straw. Fb “halmknippe” I 539b.

E582. E582. Dead person drives horses. Fb “spшgelse” III 520a; England: Baughman.

E583. E583. Dead persons draw chariot. India: Thompson-Balys, Tawney I 457.

E585. E585. Dead person visits earth periodically. (Cf. E332.3.3.1, E535.3.)

E585.1. E585.1. Dead person visits earth every seven years. Fb “spшgelse” III 519b; Tobler 66.

E585.2. E585.2. Spectre rides to castle every seven years. Irish myth: Cross.

E585.3. E585.3. Revenant revisits earth every day. U.S.: Baughman.

E585.3.1. E585.3.1. Revenant revisits earth nightly. Africa (Fang): Trilles 269.

E585.4. E585.4. Revenant revisits earth yearly. S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109.

E586. E586. Dead returns soon after burial. India: Thompson-Balys.

E586.0.1. E586.0.1. Ghost returns before burial. U.S.: Baughman.

E586.1. E586.1. Dead returns on burial day. Fb “spшgelse” III 519ab; Spanish Exempla: Keller; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E586.2. E586.2. Dead returns third day after burial. Fb “sjжl” III 214b, “spшgelse” III 519b; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 101; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153.

E586.3. E586.3. Dead return second day after burial. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99.

E586.4. E586.4. Dead sent back to life because his name is not in heavenly roll. India: Thompson-Balys.

E587. E587. Ghosts walk at certain times.

E587.1. E587.1. Ghosts walk at midday. Fb “middag” II 585b.

E587.2. E587.2. Ghosts walk on Hallowe‘en. (Cf. F211.1.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross; U.S.: Baughman.

E587.2.1. E587.2.1. Ghost most numerous on St. Thomas Eve and St. Thomas Day. England: Baughman.

E587.3. E587.3. Ghosts walk from curfew to cockcrow. (Cf. E452.) England: Baughman.

E587.4. E587.4. Spirits are always in the air. England: Baughman.

E587.5. E587.5. Ghost walk at midnight. U.S.: Baughman.

E587.6. E587.6. Ghosts walk at full moon. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 198.

E588. E588. Ghost leaves stench behind. Fb “stank”; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 276, Rasmussen II 275.

E591. E591. Ghost travels under ground. Fb “jord” II 45b.

E592. E592. Ghost carries burden.

E592.1. E592.1. Ghost carries own dead body. Kai (German New Guinea): Dixon 142.

E592.2. E592.2. Ghost carries coffin on back. Wimberly 238.

E593. E593. Ghost takes things from people.

E593.1. E593.1. Ghost steals collar of priest. Evil therefore befalls priest. *Fb “gjenganger” I 443.

E593.2. E593.2. Ghost steals book from priest. *Fb “bog” IV 53b.

E593.3. E593.3. If no lamp is lighted in a house for a period of fourteen days, ghosts take it for their dwelling. India: Thompson-Balys.

E593.4. E593.4. Ghost takes bones from grave. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 81.

E593.5. E593.5. Ghost steals food and treasure. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 123.

E594. E594. Dead man wanders with torch. (Cf. E599.7.) Tobler 84; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266.

E595. E595. Cures by transferring disease to dead. Ghoulish charm used for this purpose. Kittredge Witchcraft 143, 461 n. 34.

E596. E596. Living person in service of a dead man. BP I 214.

E596.1. E596.1. Ghost works for human being. India: Thompson-Balys.

E597. E597. Corpse leaps up in emotion at saint’s passing nearby. Irish myth: Cross.

E598. E598. Death and return to life rids man of disease. India: Thompson-Balys.

E599. E599. Other actions of revenants.

E599.1. E599.1. Ghost searches for breath. U.S.: Baughman.

E599.2. E599.2. Ghostly corpses seen on floor of house, disappear when coroner comes. U.S.: Baughman.

E599.3. E599.3. Ghost watches (follows) its own corpse. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E599.4. E599.4. Ghost asks alms (from one who does not know that asker has died) at usual place and time. England: Baughman.

E599.5. E599.5. Ghost travels swiftly. (Cf. D2122.) England: Baughman.

E599.6. E599.6. Ghosts move furniture. U.S.: *Baughman.

E599.7. E599.7. Ghost carries lantern. (Cf. E371.10, E472, E594, E530.1, F491.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

E599.8. E599.8. Ghost vanishes when taken home. (Cf. E332.3.3.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

E599.9. E599.9. Ghost seen in two places simultaneously. England: Baughman.

E599.10. E599.10. Playful revenant. England: Baughman.

E599.11. E599.11. Locked doors open at touch of ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys.

E599.12. E599.12. Human being transported by a ghost. India: Thompson-Balys.

E599.13. E599.13. Dead person bathes. Jewish: Neuman.

E600--E699.

E600--E699. Reincarnation.

E600. E600. Reincarnation. Return from the dead in another form. India: Penzer X 336 s.v. “Transmigration”, *Cowell Jataka Index s.v. “Bodhisatta” and “Rebirth”, Keith 100, *Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: *Cross, Nutt “The Irish Vision of the Happy Otherworld and the Celtic Doctrine of Rebirth” in K. Meyer Voyage of Bran; Icelandic: *Boberg; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 321ff.; Jewish: *Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473; Chinese: Werner 314; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 337 n. 216a, Alexander N. Am. 280 n. 18; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 359, (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, III 171, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 639; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109.

E600.1. E600.1. Origin of reincarnation: miscarried message of immortality. India: Thompson-Balys.

E600.2. E600.2. Science of reincarnation taught. India: Thompson-Balys.

E601. E601. Reincarnation: former lives remembered. Jewish: *Neuman, *Penzer X 154 s.v. “Former births”; India: Thompson-Balys.

E601.1. E601.1. Man by magic sees his wives in their former incarnations as dog and sow. India: Thompson-Balys.

E601.2. E601.2. Reincarnated benefactor helped by man he has befriended in former life. India: Thompson-Balys.

E601.3. E601.3. Punishments earned on one life paid in next reincarnation. India: Thompson-Balys.

E602. E602. Reincarnation in form determined at death. India: Thompson-Balys, Tawney II 145.

E603. E603. Limited number of souls in world necessitates reincarnation. India: Thompson-Balys.

E700. The soul.

E604. E604. Definite number of reincarnations.

E604.1. E604.1. Seven reincarnations. *Zachariae 33ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

E605. E605. Reincarnation in another human form. *M. Bloomfield Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc. LVI 1ff.; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E605.1. E605.1. Reincarnation with change of sex. *Penzer VII 230; India: Thompson-Balys.

E605.1.1. E605.1.1. Reincarnation: woman reborn as man. Chinese: Werner 256.

E605.1.2. E605.1.2. Man reborn as woman. India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 76.

E605.2. E605.2. Reincarnation: god reborn as man. Icelandic: Olrik Kilderne til Sakses Oldhistorie I (1892) 30ff., 60ff., Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys, Keith 168; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 907, 1258; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 119; Marquesas: Handy 109; N. A. Indian (Mandan): Curtis N. A. Indian V 39ff.

E605.2.1. E605.2.1. Reincarnation: spirit reborn as man. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 57.

E605.3. E605.3. Reincarnation: man becomes god. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 212.

E605.4. E605.4. Reincarnation: man becomes spirit. India: Thompson-Balys.

E605.5. E605.5. Reincarnation: prince becomes common man. India: Thompson-Balys.

E605.6. E605.6. Reincarnation: common man becomes prince. India: Thompson-Balys.

E605.7. E605.7. Man reincarnated as child. (Cf. E607.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E605.7.1. E605.7.1. Reincarnation as child which is within a fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

E605.8. E605.8. Horse-headed men reborn as money-lenders. India: Thompson-Balys.

E605.9. E605.9. Reincarnation as conjurer. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 234, 247, (Greenland): Rasmussen III 130.

E606. E606. Reasons for reincarnation. (Cf. E693.)

E606.1. E606.1. Reincarnation as punishment for sin. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E606.2. E606.2. Reincarnation to complete unfinished work. India: Thompson-Balys.

E607. E607. Methods of reincarnation.

E607.1. E607.1. Bones of dead collected and buried. Return in another form directly from grave. *Type 720; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Alexander Lat. Am. 272.

E607.1.1. E607.1.1. Bones of dead collected and thrown into river. India: Thompson-Balys.

E607.2. E607.2. Person transforms self, is swallowed and reborn in new form. (Cf. D605.7, D610.) Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 110; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 282 n. 44.

E607.2.1. E607.2.1. Person is swallowed and then reborn. India: Thompson-Balys.

E607.2.2. E607.2.2. Rebirth by crawling into woman’s womb. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 57.

E607.3. E607.3. Hauling canoe over dead man‘s body causes return from dead in new form. Maori: Dixon 55.

E607.4. E607.4. Reincarnation by fasting. Irish myth: Cross.

E607.5. E607.5. Cauldron of regeneration (reincarnation). Irish myth: *Cross.

E610. E610. Reincarnation as animal. Encyc. Rel. and Ethics I 493b; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “animaux”; Jewish: bin Gorion VI 110, 310; Africa: Werner African 192.

E610.1. E610.1. Reincarnation: man to animal to man. Irish myth: Cross.

E610.1.1. E610.1.1. Reincarnation: boy to bird to boy. Boy returns as bird, who later becomes the boy. *Type 720; *BP I 422.

E610.1.2. E610.1.2. Reincarnation: man to fish to man. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, II 151.

E611. E611. Reincarnation as domestic animal.

E611.1. E611.1. Reincarnation as horse. (Cf. D131.) Gaster Exempla 248 No. 349; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 851.

E611.1.1. E611.1.1. Reincarnation: man as horse-head. Hindu: Keith 121 (Vishnu).

E611.1.2. E611.1.2. Reincarnation as donkey. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 131.

E611.2. E611.2. Reincarnation as cow. (Cf. D133.1.) *Type 510, 511; BP *I 187, III 61ff.; Wesselski Deutsche Mдrchen vor Grimm (1938) vii ff.; *MacCulloch Childhood 108; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E611.2.0.1. E611.2.0.1. Divinity reincarnated as cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

E611.2.1. E611.2.1. Reincarnation as bull. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 166, II 29.

E611.2.1.0.1. E611.2.1.0.1. Divinity reincarnated as bull. (Cf. A132.9.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 152, *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E611.2.1.1. E611.2.1.1. Reincarnation as bullock. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E611.2.2. E611.2.2. Reincarnation as an ox. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1124.

E611.2.3. E611.2.3. Reincarnation as calf. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 54, 189.

E611.2.4. E611.2.4. Reincarnation as a buffalo. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 592; Chinese: Graham (E612.11).

E611.3. E611.3. Man reincarnated as swine. Fb “svin” III 676a, “sjжl” III 214a; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 423, 1031; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 189, 199.

E611.3.1. E611.3.1. Man reincarnated as wild boar. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 121 (Vishnu).

E611.4. E611.4. Man reincarnated as goat. (Cf. D134.) *Type 510, 511; *BP I 187, III 60ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 53 No. 2.

E611.5. E611.5. Man reincarnated as cat. Fb “sjжl” III 214a.

E611.5.1. E611.5.1. God reincarnated as cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

E611.6. E611.6. Man reincarnated as dog. (Cf. D141.) Fb “sjжl” III 214a; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267, 827; Korean: Zong in-Sob 92; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115.

E612. E612. Reincarnation as wild animal. Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 325ff.

E612.1. E612.1. Reincarnation as lion. Hindu: Keith 121 (Vishnu).

E612.2. E612.2. Reincarnation as wolf. Fb “pebersvend” II 795a (werwolf); Irish myth: Cross.

E612.3. E612.3. Reincarnation as hare. Fb “sjжl” III 214a; Gaster Exempla 248 No. 349; Eskimo (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 639.

E612.4. E612.4. Reincarnation as fox. (Cf. D113.3.) *Type 506; BP III 494ff.; Fb “sjжl” III 214a.

E612.5. E612.5. Reincarnation as deer. Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 421, II 27f., 69.

E612.6. E612.6. Reincarnation as seal. (Cf. D127.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, III 56.

E612.7. E612.7. Reincarnation as mongoose. India: Thompson-Balys.

E612.8. E612.8. Reincarnation as bear. India: Thompson-Balys.

E612.9. E612.9. Reincarnation as hyena. India: Thompson-Balys.

E612.10. E612.10. Reincarnation as jackal. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera 267, 1034, 1131.

E612.11. E612.11. Reincarnation as elephant. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 157, II 603, 1158.

E612.12. E612.12. Reincarnation as monkey. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 996, II 27, 471, 519, 847, 939.

E612.13. E612.13. Reincarnation as rat. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 290, 1885.

E612.14. E612.14. Reincarnation as otter. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267.

E613. E613. Reincarnation as bird. Fb “sjжl” III 214a; Gjerdman Nattskдrran och nogra andra Spцkfеglar (Arv I 27--68); Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 347--363; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 870, II 17; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 264ff, Graham; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 61.

E613.0.1. E613.0.1. Reincarnation of murdered child as bird. *Type 720; *BP I 422; *Fb “fugl” I 380b; English: Child I 126, 180f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Werner African 211, (Basuto): Jacottet 56.

E613.0.2. E613.0.2. Reincarnation of unbaptized child as bird. *Fb “udшbt” III 960a; *Dh III 484.

E613.0.3. E613.0.3. Reincarnation of old maids as birds. Dh III 485; Fb “pebersvend” II 795a.

E613.0.4. E613.0.4. Reincarnation of drowned persons as birds. Dh III 482.

E613.0.5. E613.0.5. Severed heads of monster become birds. Hindu: Keith 88.

E613.0.6. E613.0.6. Reincarnation of girl eaten by tiger as bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

E613.1. E613.1. Reincarnation as duck. Tobler 53; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 453*; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 264.

E613.1.1. E613.1.1. Reincarnation as sheldrake. India: Thompson-Balys.

E613.2. E613.2. Reincarnation as owl. Tobler 97; India: Thompson-Balys.

E613.3. E613.3. Reincarnation as hawk. (Cf. D152.1.) Tobler 97; Irish myth: Cross.

E613.3.1. E613.3.1. Reincarnation as eagle. India: Thompson-Balys.

E613.4. E613.4. Reincarnation as swallow. (Cf. D151.1.) Fb “pebersvend” II 795a.--Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 15 No. 83; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 147 No. 50.

E613.5. E613.5. Reincarnation as cuckoo. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3134, Legends Nos. 248ff.; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 89 No. 77.

E613.6. E613.6. Reincarnation as dove. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V 9.

E613.6.1. E613.6.1. Reincarnation as pigeon. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 520, 557.

E613.7. E613.7. Reincarnation as raven. England: *Baughman.

E613.8. E613.8. Reincarnation as quail. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 816, 986, 1065.

E613.8.1. E613.8.1. Reincarnation as partridge. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 226.

E613.9. E613.9. Reincarnation as heron. India: Thompson-Balys.

E613.9.1. E613.9.1. Reincarnation as crane. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1182.

E613.10. E613.10. Reincarnation as goose. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267, II 1264.

E613.11. E613.11. Reincarnation as peacock. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1052, II 671.

E613.12. E613.12. Reincarnation as parrot. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 266, 578, II 247, 572, 730f., 1122, 1173.

E614. E614. Reincarnation as reptile.

E614.1. E614.1. Reincarnation as snake. (Cf. D191.) Fb “sjжl” III 214a; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 339ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 857; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 166f.

E614.2. E614.2. Reincarnation as lizard. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 813; Tonga: Gifford 108.

E614.3. E614.3. Reincarnation as crocodile. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 365, 479, II 555.

E614.4. E614.4. Reincarnation as tortoise. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267.

E614.5. E614.5. Reincarnation as iguana. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267.

E615. E615. Reincarnation as amphibian.

E615.1. E615.1. Reincarnation as frog. (Cf. D195.) Tobler 28; Fb “sjжl” III 214a; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1322.

E616. E616. Reincarnation as insect. Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 331ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E616.1. E616.1. Reincarnation as bee. (Cf. D182.) Fb “sjжl” III 214a.

E616.2. E616.2. Reincarnation as butterfly. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 266.

E616.3. E616.3. Reincarnation as flea. India: Thompson-Balys.

E616.4. E616.4. Reincarnation as weevil. India: Thompson-Balys.

E616.5. E616.5. Reincarnation as bedbug. (Cf. E693.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E617. E617. Reincarnation as fish. (Cf. D170, E713.1.) Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 999, 1148, II 691.

E617.1. E617.1. Reincarnation as salmon. (Cf. B124.1, D176.) Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, II 15.

E617.2. E617.2. Reincarnation as goldfish. India: Thompson-Balys.

E617.3. E617.3. Reincarnation as shark. Solomon Islands: Beckwith Myth 13.

E617.4. E617.4. Reincarnation as whale. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115.

E618. E618. Reincarnation as worm. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 222.

E618.1. E618.1. Reincarnation as leech. India: Thompson-Balys.

E629. E629. Reincarnation as animal--miscellaneous.

E629.1. E629.1. Reincarnation as scorpion. India: Thompson-Balys.

E629.2. E629.2. Reincarnation as crab. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267.

E630. E630. Reincarnation in object.

E631. E631. Reincarnation in plant (tree) growing from grave. (Cf. E632, D1610.2.) Type 510; BP I 187; *Cox 477 n. 7; *Fb “sjжl” III 214b, “blod” IV 49a, “juletrж” II 57a; Saintyves Contes de Perrault (Paris, 1923) 36ff., 141ff.--English: *Child V 481. s.v. “grave”, V 491 s.v. “plants”; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “arbres”, “cadavre”, “tombeau”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 7, 311 No 41; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 92 No. 780B*; Greek: Fox 198 (Adonis), 201 (Pyramus and Thisbe); Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 2 Nos. 12, 13; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 238, De Vries Volksverhalen I 300; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 50f.; Papua: Ker 131; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Cushing 183, (Kato): Goddard UCal V 219 n. 1; Amazon: Alexander Lat. Am. 294; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 147, (Ekoi): Talbot 133.

E631.0.1. E631.0.1. Twining branches grow from graves of lovers. (Cf. E419.6.) *Gaidoz Mйlusine IV No. 4; Type 966*; *Fb “rose” III 80a, “lilie” II 427b, “trж” III 867a; Chauvin V 107 No. 37; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 264f.; Japanese: Anesaki 253, 346f.

E631.0.1.1. E631.0.1.1. Tops of trees from lovers‘ graves show shapes of their heads. Irish myth: *Cross.

E631.0.1.2. E631.0.1.2. Tablets made of trees from lovers’ graves magically unite. Irish myth: *Cross.

E631.0.2. E631.0.2. Flower from grave bears letters. These commemorate the buried person. *Fb “grav” I 478a, “skrift”; Irish myth: Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 2 No. 11; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 19 n. 3 (Hyacinth).

E631.0.2.1. E631.0.2.1. Flower with “ave” on leaves. Crows from tomb as reward for faithful sayings of “Ave Maria”. *Ward Catalogue of Romances II 654 No. 21; Herbert ibid. III 342; Von der Hagen Nos. 73, 88; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E631.0.3. E631.0.3. Plant from blood of slain person. *Fb “blod” IV 49a, “juletrж”, II 57a; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 41; Greek: Fox 198, 201; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 225f.

E631.0.3.1. E631.0.3.1. Red plant from blood of slain person. *Fb “blod” IV 49a; BP II 532 n. 2.

E631.0.4. E631.0.4. Speaking and bleeding trees. Reincarnated persons. *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 456 n. 106; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 200 s.v. “Baum”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 299 No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Ferguson 177.

E631.0.5. E631.0.5. Tree from innocent man‘s blood. Fb “juletrж” II 57a, “sjжl” III 214b.--English: Child I 143; India: Thompson-Balys.

E631.0.5.1. E631.0.5.1. Dry branch on innocent man’s grave blossoms as proof of innocence. Fb “uskyldig”.

E631.0.6. E631.0.6. Tree from sinner‘s grave. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 200 s.v. “Baum”.

E631.1. E631.1. Flower from grave. BP II 126; Hungarian: Solymossy Hongaarache Sagen (1929) 243 No. 68, Moуr Ungarisches Jahrbuch V 430; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 207.

E631.1.1. E631.1.1. Lily from grave. Fb “lilie” II 427b, “sjжl” III 214b; BP III 461; English: Child I 143; India: Thompson-Balys.

E631.1.2. E631.1.2. Rose from grave. *Fb “rose” III 80a.

E631.1.3. E631.1.3. Reincarnation as lotus. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 527.

E631.1.4. E631.1.4. Reincarnation as cockscomb. India: Thompson-Balys.

E631.2. E631.2. Grass does not grow on murderer’s grave. (Cf. H271.) Fb “grжs”; England: Baughman.

E631.2.1. E631.2.1. Reincarnation as a grass straw. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115.

E631.3. E631.3. Herbs grow from grave of healer. Brouwer Das Volkslied in Deutschland, Frankreich, Belgien und Holland (Groningen, 1930) 196ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

E631.4. E631.4. Dead ogress reincarnated as bramble-bush which prevents escape of fugitive. Chinese: Graham.

E631.5. E631.5. Reincarnation as plant.

E631.5.1. E631.5.1. Reincarnation as tobacco plant. Chinese: Graham; India: Thompson-Balys.

E631.5.2. E631.5.2. Reincarnation as peanut plant. S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

E631.5.3. E631.5.3. Reincarnation as eggplant. Africa (Luba): LeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 226f.

E631.6. E631.6. Reincarnation in tree from grave. Japanese: Ikeda; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 376; Papua: Ker 92. Cf. Virgil Aeneid III 22ff.

E632. E632. Reincarnation as musical instrument. The Singing Bone. A musical instrument made from the bones of a murdered person, or from a tree growing from the grave, speaks and tells of the crime. *Type 780; **Mackensen FFC XLIX; BP I 260, II 532; *Fb “streng” III 603a, “harpe” I 559b, IV 201b, “ben” IV 32b; Child I 121--135, 494, IV 449; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “os”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

E632.1. E632.1. Speaking bones of murdered person reveal murder. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ibo [Nigeria]): Thomas 58, 67, (Fang): Tessman 124ff.

E633. E633. Reincarnation as dish. Bones made into dish. These speak. (Cf. E632.) English: Child I 126; Japanese: Ikeda.

E635. E635. Reincarnation as fountain. Fb “kilde” II 119b; Child V 287a.

E636. E636. Reincarnation as water. (Cf. D283.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E636.1. E636.1. Reincarnation as bag of water. Irish myth: Cross (E636).

E637. E637. Reincarnation as ball (of gold and iron). India: Thompson-Balys.

E641. E641. Reincarnation as whirlwind. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 414 No. 12.

E642. E642. Reincarnation as stone.

E642.0.1. E642.0.1. Reincarnation as salt. India: Thompson-Balys.

E642.1. E642.1. Dead lovers are now two stones lying together. India: Thompson-Balys.

E643. E643. Reincarnation as smoke.

E643.1. E643.1. Smoke from funeral fires of two lovers mingles in sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

E644. E644. Reincarnation as rainbow. India: Thompson-Balys.

E645. E645. Reincarnation as mineral.

E645.1. E645.1. Reincarnation of slain boy as gold and silver. India: Thompson-Balys.

E646. E646. Reincarnation as meteor. S. A. Indian (Gran Chaco): Belaieff BBAE CXLIII (1) 380.

E648. E648. Reincarnation: man-object-man. In most of the versions of E632 (Reincarnation as musical instrument) the hero (heroine) finally comes back to life in his usual form. See also BP II 126f.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E648.1. E648.1. Reincarnation: woman - bird - nettles - stone - woman. Chinese: Graham.

E648.2. E648.2. Reincarnation: man - woman - stone image. Korean: Zong in-Sob 76.

E649. E649. Reincarnation to object--miscellaneous.

E649.1. E649.1. Reincarnation as hill. Head made into hill. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E649.2. E649.2. Reincarnation as flour vat. Stomach made into flour vat. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E649.3. E649.3. Reincarnation as hoe. Feet made into hoe. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E649.3.1. E649.3.1. Reincarnation as hoe-handle. Back made into hoe-handle. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E649.4. E649.4. Reincarnation as mussel shell. Ears made into mussel shell. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E649.5. E649.5. Reincarnation as currants. Eyes made into currants. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E650. E650. Reincarnation: other forms.

E651. E651. God reincarnated as dwarf. Hindu: Keith 121 (Vishnu).

E652. E652. God reincarnated as monster. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 792, 934; Chinese: Werner 207.

E653. E653. Reincarnation: man as nature spirit.

E653.1. E653.1. Reincarnation: man as water spirit. (Cf. F420.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 421.

E653.2. E653.2. Reincarnation: man as tree spirit. (Cf. F441.2.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 445, 940, II 507, 820, 952.

E656. E656. Reincarnation: animal to man. India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 57, 96.

E656.1. E656.1. Men who behave irrationally (without plans) reincarnations of animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

E657. E657. Reincarnation: animal to god. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 828.

E658. E658. Reincarnation: animal to other animal. Jewish: Neuman.

E670. E670. Repeated reincarnation. Irish myth: *Cross; Gaster Exempla 248 No. 349; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 421, II 518, 1117; India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 106; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 142.

E671. E671. Reincarnation: man - object - object.

E671.1. E671.1. Reincarnation: body becomes marble wall; robe, grass; eyes, pools, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

E690. E690. Reincarnation: miscellaneous.

E691. E691. Reincarnation: animal to object.

E691.1. E691.1. Reincarnation: snake into flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

E692. E692. Reincarnation as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

E692.1. E692.1. Bad woman cursed to be reborn as bat. India: Thompson-Balys.

E692.2. E692.2. Mean person reborn as hyena. India: Thompson-Balys.

E692.3. E692.3. Tricky potter reborn as crab. India: Thompson-Balys.

E692.4. E692.4. Jealous woman reborn as chilly. India: Thompson-Balys.

E692.5. E692.5. Cruel woman reborn as firefly. India: Thompson-Balys.

E692.6. E692.6. Youth reincarnated as root in punishment for incest. India: Thompson-Balys.

E693. E693. Reincarnation for revenge. India: Thompson-Balys.

E693.1. E693.1. Drowned girl reborn as leech to take revenge on murderers. India: Thompson-Balys.

E693.2. E693.2. Woman reborn as bedbug to take revenge on husband. (Cf. E616.5.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E693.3. E693.3. Woman reborn as scorpion to take revenge on husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

E694. E694. Reincarnation as compensation. India: Thompson-Balys.

E694.1. E694.1. Hungry ghost reborn as jackal. India: Thompson-Balys.

E694.2. E694.2. Frustrated woman reborn as tobacco plant. India: Thompson-Balys.

E694.3. E694.3. Frustrated boy reborn as lizard. India: Thompson-Balys.

E694.4. E694.4. Childless woman reborn as fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

E695. E695. Gradual reincarnation--man to tiger. Chinese: Graham.

E696. E696. Reincarnated person restored to original form.

E696.1. E696.1. Bird, reincarnated murdered girl, resumes her original form when persecutor‘s blood is poured on her. India: Thompson-Balys.

E697. E697. Vulture eats only those who will be reborn as human beings in their next birth. India: Thompson-Balys.

E700. E700. The Soul. **Tobler; **Feilberg Sjжletro (Kшbenhavn, 1914); Еke Hultkrantz Conceptions of the Soul among the North American Indians (Stockholm, 1953); Hilda R. Ellis The Road to Hell, A Study in the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature (London, 1943) 170ff.--Greek: Waser Ьber die дussere Erscheinung der Seele in den Vorstellungen der Vцlker, zumal der alten Griechen (Archiv fьr Religionswissenschaft XVI [1914] 336); Irish myth: *Cross; Skandinavian: *K. S. Kramer Die Dingbeseelung in der germanischen Ьberlieferung (Mьnchen, 1939); Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 182--190, 251--266, 491--506; German: Meyer Germanen 68ff.; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Hewitt The Iroquoian Concept of the Soul (JAFL VIII 107).

E700.1. E700.1. Names given the soul. Jewish: Neuman.

E701. E701. Soul of object. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 13; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 464.

E701.1. E701.1. Soul of the earth. Cheremis: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 240.

E701.2. E701.2. Soul of water. Cheremis: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 214.

E701.3. E701.3. Soul of tree. Feilberg Am Urquell V 88ff., 119ff.

E701.4. E701.4. Soul of fire. Cheremis: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 236.

E701.5. E701.5. Soul of corn. Cheremis: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 241.

E702. E702. Composition of the soul. Jewish: *Neuman.

E703. E703. Creation of souls. Jewish: *Neuman.

E705. E705. Soul forgets everything at birth. Jewish: Neuman. Cf. Wordsworth “Ode on Intimations of Immortality”.

E706. E706. Abode of unborn souls. Jewish: *Neuman.

E707. E707. Person with more than one soul. Jewish: Neuman.

E708. E708. Soul sustained on pleasant odors. Jewish: Neuman.

E710. E710. External soul. A person (often a giant or ogre) keeps his soul or life separate from the rest of his body. *Type 302; *BP III 440; *Krappe in Penzer Ocean of Story VIII 107; *MacCulloch Childhood 118ff.; *Chauvin V 176 No. 100, II 193 No. 12; Fb “hjжrte” IV 318b; Mйlusine XI 263; *Penzer X 143 s.v. “External Soul”; Clouston Tales I 347; Kцhler-Bolte I 161, 515; Gittйe RTP II 283; Krappe Revue Archйologique (May-June 1933) 195--211.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “corps”, “вme”; Icelandic: Fripjofssaga (Wenz ed., Halle 1914) 16; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Greek: Grote I 136f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 178; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 346 n. 246a, *Hultkrantz 330--341; Africa (Swahili): Steere 3ff.

E710.1. E710.1. Ferocious animal guardian of separable soul of ogress. India: Thompson-Balys.

E710.2. E710.2. External soul avenges murder. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 145.

E711. E711. Soul kept in object. (Cf. E765.) *Penzer I 129ff, VIII 107; Indonesian: Dixon 237 n. 50; India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: *Cross.

E711.1. E711.1. Soul in egg. *Type 302; *BP III 439; Krappe in Penzer Ocean of Story VIII 107; *Fb “hjжrte” I 631a, “liv” II 438b, “жg” III 1141b.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oeuf”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Scotch: Campbell Tales I 1ff.; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 355, 217 No. 73; India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.1.1. E711.1.1. Soul in three separate eggs. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

E711.2. E711.2. Soul in plant. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E711.2.1. E711.2.1. Soul in calabash (gourd). Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 55 No. 24; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 572 No. 116.

E711.2.2. E711.2.2. Soul in flower. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E711.2.3. E711.2.3. Soul in chilly plant. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.2.4. E711.2.4. Soul in pomegranate. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.2.5. E711.2.5. Soul in coconut. India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 148.

E711.2.6. E711.2.6. Soul in bamboo. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.3. E711.3. Soul in jewel. BP III 439.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

E711.4. E711.4. Soul in necklace. BP III 439.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

E711.5. E711.5. Soul in sack. Fb “pose” II 864.

E711.6. E711.6. Life in stick. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.7. E711.7. Soul in stone. (Cf. E761.5.5.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

E711.8. E711.8. Soul in golden apple. (Cf. F813.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E711.9. E711.9. Soul in golden ball. Irish myth: Cross.

E711.10. E711.10. Soul in sword. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E711.11. E711.11. Soul in snow. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.12. E711.12. Soul in dice. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.13. E711.13. Soul in arrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.14. E711.14. Soul in axe. India: Thompson-Balys.

E711.15. E711.15. Soul in bird cage. India: Thompson-Balys.

E712. E712. Hidden soul (life).

E712.1. E712.1. Soul hidden in tree. *BP III 440; India: *Thompson-Balys, *Penzer V 127 n. 1.

E712.2. E712.2. Soul hidden in safe. India: Thompson-Balys.

E712.3. E712.3. Soul hidden in urn. India: Thompson-Balys.

E712.4. E712.4. Soul hidden in box. India: Thompson-Balys.

E712.5. E712.5. Soul hidden in pillar. India: Thompson-Balys.

E712.6. E712.6. Soul hidden in fish basket. India: Thompson-Balys.

E712.7. E712.7. Soul hidden in water bottle. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/174).

E713. E713. Soul hidden in a series of coverings. This motif is combined with several others. Usually the soul will be hidden in an egg, in a duck, in a well, in a church, or a similar series. *BP III 439; MacCulloch Childhood 134; Penzer I 131; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E713.1. E713.1. Soul hidden in apple (ball) in a salmon which appears every seven years in certain fountain. (Cf. D1651.10.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E714. E714. Soul (or life) kept in special part of body. *Krappe in Penzer Ocean of Story VIII 107; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 117 n. 3; N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 166-178.

E714.1. E714.1. Soul (life) in the blood. *Fb “blod” IV 46b, “sjжl” III 213b; Paris Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 12 n. 1; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 4; Jewish: Neuman.

E714.2. E714.2. Serpent‘s life in its gold crown. Type 672B; *BP II 463; Chinese: Graham.

E714.3. E714.3. Soul in head. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 83.

E714.3.1. E714.3.1. Troll’s life in his brother‘s forehead. *Fb “hjжrte” I 631a.

E714.4. E714.4. Soul (life) in the heart. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 4; India: Thompson-Balys.

E714.4.1. E714.4.1. Eaten heart gives one the owner’s qualities. Fb “hjжrte” IV 218b; N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 397--411; Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E714.5. E714.5. Soul (life) in the liver. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 4.

E714.6. E714.6. Soul (life) in the breath. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 7; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 179--208.

E714.7. E714.7. Soul (life) in left hand. Penzer I 127, VIII 109 n. 3.

E714.7.1. E714.7.1. Soul (life) in thumb. India: Thompson-Balys.

E714.8. E714.8. Monster with life in his neck. (One vulnerable place.) India: Thompson-Balys.

E714.9. E714.9. Giant‘s soul in a mole in the hollow of his palm. Irish myth: Cross.

E714.10. E714.10. Ogre’s soul in “pale spot” below his right ear. (Cf. Z311.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

E714.11. E714.11. Life (soul) in entrails. India: Thompson-Balys.

E714.12. E714.12. Soul in hair. Greek: *Grote I 203.

E714.13. E714.13. Soul fastened to spine. Jewish: Neuman.

E715. E715. Separable soul kept in animal. *Krappe in Penzer Ocean of Story VIII 107; Fb “liv” II 438b.

E715.1. E715.1. Separable soul in bird. BP III 440; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E715.1.1. E715.1.1. Separable soul in duck. *Fb “and” IV 12b.

E715.1.2. E715.1.2. Separable soul in crop of sparrow. Penzer I 131f.

E715.1.3. E715.1.3. Separable soul in parrot. India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 131.

E715.1.3.1. E715.1.3.1. Ogre’s life in parrot‘s feather in man’s pocket. India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.1.3.2. E715.1.3.2. Ogre with life in parrot, speaks from inside parrot. India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.1.4. E715.1.4. Soul in crane. India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.1.5. E715.1.5. Soul in starling. India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.1.6. E715.1.6. Soul in raven. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 56.

E715.2. E715.2. Separable soul in fish. (Cf. B175.) BP III 440; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.3. E715.3. Separable soul in insect.

E715.3.1. E715.3.1. Separable soul in bee. BP III 440; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E715.3.2. E715.3.2. Separable soul in fly. Africa (Bambara): Equilbecq II 88ff. No. 25.

E715.3.3. E715.3.3. Separable soul in hornet. India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.4. E715.4. Separable soul in wild animal.

E715.4.1. E715.4.1. Separable soul in deer. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 55.

E715.4.2. E715.4.2. Separable soul in wolf. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 55.

E715.4.3. E715.4.3. Separable soul in walrus. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 55.

E715.4.4. E715.4.4. Separable soul in seal. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 55.

E715.5. E715.5. Separable soul in snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.5.1. E715.5.1. Separable soul in toad. India: Thompson-Balys.

E715.6. E715.6. Separable soul in hydra‘s head. Penzer I 132.

E718. E718. Multiple separable souls: ogre’s separable spirits live in a tree (plant), fish, honey bee. India: Thompson-Balys.

E720. E720. Soul leaves or enters the body.

E720.1. E720.1. Souls of human beings seen in dream. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E721. E721. Soul journeys from the body. *Frazer Golden Bough III 36ff.; Penzer I 37 n. 1.--*Celtic: H. Hartmann Ueber Krankheit, Tod und Jenseitsvorstellungen in Irland (Erster Teil: Krankheit und Fairyentrьckung) (Halle, 1942); Irish myth: *Cross; Norwegian: Solheim Register 16; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 289--295, 305--311; Slavic: Mбchal 227; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 267; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 171, 178, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 326; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 241--291.

E721.0.1. E721.0.1. Mark inflicted on wandering soul seen on body after soul‘s return. Irish myth: Cross.

E721.1. E721.1. Soul wanders from body in sleep. Dreams explained as experiences of the soul on these wanderings. *Frazer Golden Bough III 36ff.; Fb “sjжl” III 213a; Tobler 22, 37, 67; Herbert III 209; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 172.--English: Guy of Warwick (EETS extra ser. XXV) lines 9358ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Irish: Plummer clxxii, *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3520; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 93; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473f.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 144, 173f.; Cook Islands: Clark 81; Marquesas: Handy 81; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 56, 363; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 62; Africa (Fang): Trilles 133.

E721.1.1. E721.1.1. Sleeper not to be awakened, since soul is absent. *Frazer Golden Bough III 37ff.; Tobler 38.

E721.1.2. E721.1.2. Soul of sleeper prevented from returning to his body. Frazer Golden Bough III 38; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 320.

E721.1.2.1. E721.1.2.1. Soul of sleeper prevented from returning when it is captured in animal form. Frazer Golden Bough III 38.

E721.1.2.2. E721.1.2.2. Soul of sleeper prevented from returning by moving the sleeper’s body. (Cf E431.7.2.1.) Frazer Golden Bough III 41; Irish myth: Cross.

E721.1.2.3. E721.1.2.3. Soul of sleeper prevented from returning by burning the body. India: Thompson-Balys, *Penzer I 39 n. 2.

E721.1.2.3.1. E721.1.2.3.1. Body dismembered so soul cannot return. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 287.

E721.1.2.4. E721.1.2.4. Soul of sleeper prevented from returning to his body when soul as bee leaves body and enters hole in wall beside which he is sleeping. (Cf. E734.2.) England: Baughman.

E721.1.2.5. E721.1.2.5. Frightened soul cannot return to body. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 452.

E721.2. E721.2. Body in trance while soul is absent. *Fb “legeme” II 393a, “heks” I 581a, “sjжl” III 215a; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 299--300.

E721.3. E721.3. Wandering soul cause of sickness. Frazer Golden Bough III 53ff.; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 6; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473f.; N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 448--463.

E721.3.1. E721.3.1. Madness from spirit leaving body: comes back with cough. India: Thompson-Balys.

E721.4. E721.4. Wandering soul detained by ghosts. Frazer Golden Bough III 52ff.

E721.5. E721.5. Wandering soul assumes various shapes. Fb “sjжl” III 214a.

E721.5.1. E721.5.1. Wandering soul assumes shape of wolf. (Cf. D113.1.1, E731.) Irish myth: Cross.

E721.6. E721.6. On return to body soul crosses on scythe-blade as bridge. *Fb “hшle” I 747a; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E721.7. E721.7. Soul leaves body to visit hell (heaven). (Cf. V511.1, V511.2.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

E721.8. E721.8. Soul leaves body to converse with dead. Irish myth: Cross.

E721.9. E721.9. Soul of embryo wanders. Jewish: Neuman.

E721.10. E721.10. Soul takes voyage. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 157.

E722. E722. Soul leaves body at death. India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross.

E722.1. E722.1. Form of soul as it leaves body at death.

E722.1.1. E722.1.1. Soul as black or white spirit over coffin. Black if condemned. Can be seen by peeping between horse‘s ears. Fb “sjжl” III 214b.

E722.1.2. E722.1.2. Soul as black or white entity. Black if condemned. Irish myth: *Cross.

E722.1.3. E722.1.3. Soul leaves body as small point of light. England: Baughman.

E722.1.4. E722.1.4. Soul leaves the body in form of bird. (Cf. E732.) England: Baughman; Korean: Zong in-Sob 30.

E722.2. E722.2. Manner of soul‘s leaving body. Jewish: Neuman.

E722.2.1. E722.2.1. Soul borne away on cloud. (Cf. E754.6.) Chinese: Werner 267.

E722.2.2. E722.2.2. Soul borne away on wind. Chinese: Werner 314.

E722.2.3. E722.2.3. Roof taken off above sick man who cannot die. This done so that the soul can escape. Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk XVIII 445; *Fb “engel” I 250.

E722.2.4. E722.2.4. Condemned soul forked from body by Satan. (Cf. E752.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

E722.2.5. E722.2.5. Saved soul leaps from body on hearing heavenly music. (Cf. E754.) Irish myth: Cross.

E722.2.6. E722.2.6. Doors fly open when one dies. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 685.

E722.2.7. E722.2.7. Soul weeps when departing from body. (Cf. E551.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3504.

E722.2.8. E722.2.8. Soul reluctant to leave body.

E722.2.8.1. E722.2.8.1. Soul lingers in body at death. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts, Balys Index No. 3503.

E722.2.8.2. E722.2.8.2. Soul hovers over body, reluctant to part. India: Thompson-Balys.

E722.2.9. E722.2.9. Dead friends come for dying man’s soul. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3501, Balys Ghosts.

E722.2.10. E722.2.10. Soul taken away by God (angel). Jewish: Neuman.

E722.2.10.1. E722.2.10.1. Chariot of gods bears astral bodies of dead to heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

E722.2.11. E722.2.11. Soul leaves body through eye. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 144.

E722.2.12. E722.2.12. Soul leaves body because of God‘s kiss on mouth. Jewish: Neuman.

E722.3. E722.3. Circumstances of soul on leaving dead body.

E722.3.1. E722.3.1. Soul cannot go far from grave. Fb “sjжl” III 214b.

E722.3.1.1. E722.3.1.1. Soul remains about dead body. Chinese: Graham.

E722.3.2. E722.3.2. Soul wanders till corpse decays. Fb “lig” II 413a; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 3f.; Jewish: *Neuman; Marshall Islands: Davenport 222; Chinese: Graham.

E722.3.3. E722.3.3. Soul visits places of birth, death, baptism, and burial after leaving body. Irish myth: Cross.

E723. E723. Wraiths of persons separate from body. England, U.S.: Baughman.

E723.1. E723.1. Person sees his own wraith. U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E723.1.1. E723.1.1. Person sees his own wraith; the wraith saves his life. (Cf. E363.2.) England: Baughman.

E723.2. E723.2. Seeing one’s wraith a sign that person is to die shortly. (Cf. F405.4.) England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

E723.3. E723.3. Wraith takes place of person unable to do duty at the necessary time. Scotland: Baughman.

E723.4. E723.4. Wraith does what person wishes to do but is unable to do in the flesh.

E723.4.1. E723.4.1. Wraith returns to home and goes to bed while body is at home of friends in deep reverie. Ireland: Baughman.

E723.4.2. E723.4.2. Wraith of murderer tells authorities where to find girl he has murdered. The murderer is in church at the time. Scotland: Baughman.

E723.4.3. E723.4.3. Wraith of debtor tries to find his creditor at time of death. England: Baughman.

E723.4.4. E723.4.4. Wraith of dying woman goes to see children for last time before death. England: Baughman.

E723.4.5. E723.4.5. Wraith gives information of death in family. England: Baughman.

E723.4.6. E723.4.6. Wraith investigates welfare of absent person. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E723.5. E723.5. Wraith of sweetheart stays in room where lover has died. It disappears only after her death at far distant point twenty years after death of lover. U.S.: Baughman.

E723.6. E723.6. Appearance of his wraith as announcement of person‘s death. (Cf. E723.2.) England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

E723.7. E723.7. Actions of wraith.

E723.7.1. E723.7.1. Wraith speaks. England, Wales: *Baughman.

E723.7.2. E723.7.2. Wraith rings doorbell. Scotland: Baughman.

E723.7.3. E723.7.3. Wraith opens and closes door. England: Baughman.

E723.7.4. E723.7.4. Wraith slams gate. England: Baughman.

E723.7.5. E723.7.5. Wraith selects wood for coffin. Scotland: Baughman.

E723.7.6. E723.7.6. Wraith binds grain in field. Scotland: Baughman.

E723.7.7. E723.7.7. Wraith rides horse. (Cf. E922.1.1.3.1.) Scotland: Baughman.

E723.7.8. E723.7.8. Wraiths of persons drowning appear in dripping clothes. England: *Baughman.

E723.8. E723.8. Appearance of wraith as calamity omen.

E723.8.1. E723.8.1. Wraith appears before mine disaster. England: Baughman.

E725. E725. Soul leaves one body and enters another. *L. Bloomfield Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc. LVI 1; Penzer I 38; Hartland Science 227; Slavic: Mбchal 228; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 438--440.

E725.1. E725.1. Soul leaves man’s body and enters animal‘s. *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 208; India: Thompson-Balys.

E725.2. E725.2. Ghost possesses girl and she speaks in dialect unknown to her. India: Thompson-Balys.

E726. E726. Soul enters body and animates it. *Chauvin V 287 No. 171; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 266; N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 149--179.

E726.1. E726.1. Soul received at birth. Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 472.

E726.2. E726.2. Soul of unborn son comes out of mother’s mouth (in form of stone), is kept by her, and later is given to son. (Cf. E711.7.) Irish myth: Cross.

E726.3. E726.3. Soul reunited with body. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 89.

E727. E727. Relation of body to soul.

E727.1. E727.1. Debate of body and soul. Soul having left body enters into debate with the body concerning relative merits of body and soul. (Cf. H500.) English: *Wells 411; Irish: Gaidoz and Dottin Revue Celtique X part 4, *Cross.

E727.1.1. E727.1.1. Soul curses body. (Cf. M400.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E727.2. E727.2. Soul as vital principle. N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 149--179.

E727.3. E727.3. Body dependent on soul. N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 430--440.

E728. E728. Evil spirit possesses person. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E728.1. E728.1. Evil spirit cast out of person. England, U.S.: Baughman; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E728.1.1. E728.1.1. Evil spirit cast out of person by killing and resuscitating. Kцhler-Bolte I 442ff.

E730. E730. Soul in animal form. (Cf. E721.1.2.4, E722.1.4, E734.2.) Bugiel RTP XVII 602; Tobler 19; England: Baughman; Icelandic: *MacCulloch Eddic 233; Montenegrin: Mбchal 228; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 266f., 496.

E730.1. E730.1. Souls of animals. Slavic: Mбchal 227; Jewish: *Neuman.

E731. E731. Soul in form of mammal.

E731.1. E731.1. Soul in form of dog. Tobler 49, 54, 68; Icelandic: Boberg; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 213.

E731.2. E731.2. Soul in form of cat. Tobler 42, 47, 56.

E731.3. E731.3. Soul in form of mouse. Tobler 13ff.; *Fb “heks” I 581a, “hшle” I 747a, “mus” II 631b; Sйbillot RTP XX 189, 489; J. Grimm Kleinere Schriften VI 192ff.; Germanic: De la Saussaye 296, E. H. Meyer Germanische 64; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 7f.; Indonesia: Kruyt 176f.

E731.4. E731.4. Soul in form of weasel. Tobler 19; Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 209; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 172; *E. H. Meyer Germanische 64.

E731.5. E731.5. Soul in form of hare. Tobler 20.

E731.6. E731.6. Soul in form of seal. *Fb “sжlhund”; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 56, 172.

E731.7. E731.7. Soul in form of bat. Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1591; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 7.

E731.8. E731.8. Soul in form of bear. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E731.9. E731.9. Soul in form of wolf. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E731.10. E731.10. Soul in form of fox. Icelandic: Boberg.

E731.11. E731.11. Soul in form of lion. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E731.12. E731.12. Soul in form of hog. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E731.13. E731.13. Soul in form of bull. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E731.14. E731.14. Soul in form of deer. Icelandic: Boberg.

E732. E732. Soul in form of bird. (Cf. G251.1.1.) **Weicker Der Seelenvogel in der alten Literatur und Kunst; *Dh III 482; *Fb “fugl” I 380b, “sjжl” III 214a; *Patch PMLA XXXIII 626 n. 88; De Gubernatis Die Thiere in der indogermanischen Mythologie (Leipzig, 1874) 469ff.; Meyer Germanische 64; *Krappe Balor 95ff., Romanic Review XV 94ff.; *Penzer VI 283; *BP II 394 (Type 707); Tobler 30f.; Wimberly 44; Kruyt 175f.; J. E. Harrison Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion 199ff.; Irish myth: *Cross, Beal XXI 322, O‘Suilleabhain 99; Icelandic: *Boberg; Slavic: Mбchal 229f.; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 7f.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 398, 473; Egyptian: Mьller 174; Jewish: *Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda; Marquesas: Handy 36; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 266f., 363; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 60 No. 9.

E732.1. E732.1. Soul in form of dove. (Cf. E423.3.1.) Type 756B; Andrejev FFC LXIX 154; Tobler 28f.; *Crane Miraculis 93 No. 27; Alphabet Nos. 204, 269; Meyer Germanische 63; *Loomis White Magic 66; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 317, 320, 332, O’Suilleabhain 45, 99, 53; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 320 No. 35, 323 No. 133; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

E732.2. E732.2. Soul in form of crow. (Cf. B141.4.) Tobler 31; Fb “krage” II 285b.

E732.3. E732.3. Soul in form of hen. Tobler 36; Fb “sjжl” III 214a.

E732.4. E732.4. Soul in form of magpie. Tobler 34.

E732.5. E732.5. Soul in form of seagull. Tobler 34; Fb “mеge” II 655b.

E732.6. E732.6. Soul in form of eagle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E732.7. E732.7. Soul in form of swan. Icelandic: *Boberg.

E732.8. E732.8. Soul in form of raven. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 127--31, (1928) 91--95; Icelandic: Boberg.

E732.9. E732.9. Soul in form of hawk, or falcon seen in dream. (Cf. E720.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

E733. E733. Soul in form of reptile.

E733.1. E733.1. Soul in form of serpent. Tobler 22ff., 74; Fb “lindorm” II 433b; Meyer Germanische (1891) 63f.; Lйvy-Bruhl L’вme primitive 369ff.; Kruyt 177ff.; Schreuer Zs. f. vgl. Rechtsgeschichte XXXIII (1916) 406f.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 217, Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; Oceanic: Dixon 119; Africa: Werner African 193.

E734. E734. Soul in form of insect. *Krappe Balor 95 n. 8.

E734.1. E734.1. Soul in form of butterfly. Tobler 37; Meyer Germanische 63; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1627f.; Gьntert Kalypso 215ff.; Frazer Golden Bough I 259.--Irish: Beal XXI 307, O’Suilleabhain 24; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “вme”, “papillon”; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 7f.; Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473; Japanese: Anesaki 337; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 266; Hawaii: Dixon 76, Beckwith Myth 148.

E734.2. E734.2. Soul in form of bee. Type 808**; Hdwb. d. Abergl. IV 468; Tobler 37; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473; Japanese: Ikeda.

E734.3. E734.3. Soul in form of spider.1 Tobler 38.

E734.4. E734.4. Soul in form of wasp. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473.

E734.5. E734.5. Soul in form of cricket. Meyer Germanische 63.

E734.6. E734.6. Soul in form of beetle. Hdwb. d. Abergl. IV 906.

E734.7. E734.7. Soul in form of fly. Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 201.

E734.8. E734.8. Soul in form of grasshopper. Jewish: *Neuman.

E735. E735. Soul in form of fish. Dh. III 482.

E736. E736. Soul in form of amphibian.

E736.1. E736.1. Soul in form of frog. Tobler 26, 75.

E736.2. E736.2. Soul in form of toad. Tobler 25, 29; Meyer Germanische (1891) 64.

E738. E738. Soul in form of a mythical animal.

E738.1. E738.1. Soul in form of dragon. (Cf. B11.) Tobler 81; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E740. E740. Other forms of the soul.

E741. E741. Soul in form of heavenly body.

E741.1. E741.1. Soul in form of star. (Cf. V515.1.2.)

E741.1.1. E741.1.1. Shooting star signifies that someone is dying. One star for each person. At his death it falls. *BP III 235; *G. Bellucci Le stelle cadenti e le lore leggende (Perugia, 1895); *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX n. 770f.; Fb “lys” II 483a, “stjerne” III 577b.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3906; Slavic: Mбchal 273; India: Thompson-Balys.

E741.1.1.1. E741.1.1.1. New star for each birth. A star in the sky for each person. Fb “menneske” II 577b.

E741.1.1.2. E741.1.1.2. Star as sign of birth of hero. Irish myth: Cross.

E741.1.2. E741.1.2. Shooting star signifies a birth. Stars are the dead. When they fall they are being reborn. At death they are replaced in the sky. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX N. 770f.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 395; N. A. Indian (Mandan): Alexander N. Am. 96.

E742. E742. Soul as light. *Type 332; Fb “sjжl” III 214b, “lys” II 482a; BP I 377ff., *388; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish: Plummer cxxxviii, Cross, Beal XXI 315, O‘Suilleabhain 41; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “vie”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 24; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 82 No. 708A*; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 48; N. A. Indian: *Hultkrantz 260ff.; Africa (Fang): Trilles 133.

E742.1. E742.1. Soul as taper (candle). Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 82.

E742.2. E742.2. Soul as will-o-the-wisp. Appears as a ball or fire or a figure in a fiery garment.--Tobler 82--86 passim; Meyer Germanische 63; Fb “ild” II 11b; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 84; Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts; Slavic: Mбchal 229ff.; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 677.

E742.3. E742.3. Souls of dead as Aurora Borealis. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 81; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 284ff.

E743. E743. Soul as shadow. Tobler 89; Meyer Germanische 66; Fb “skygge” (1) III 347b, “sjжl” III 214b; Wundt Vцlkerpsychologie IV 125ff.; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 137; *Frazer Golden Bough III 77ff.; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 6, 12; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 257ff, 302ff.

E743.1. E743.1. Soul as smoke. Tobler 87; Fb “sjжl” III 214b.

E743.2. E743.2. Soul as reflection or image. N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 309--316.

E744. E744. Soul as weather phenomenon.

E744.1. E744.1. Soul as mist (fog). Fb “sjжl” III 214b.

E744.2. E744.2. Soul as cloud. Tobler 87f.

E744.3. E744.3. Soul as whirlwind. Tobler 89.

E745. E745. Soul as object. (Cf. E765.) N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 268; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 11, (Greenland): Rasmussen 1 136.

E745.1. E745.1. Soul as feather. Tobler 51; Fb “sjжl” III 214b (shower of feathers).

E745.2. E745.2. Soul as needle. Tobler 51.

E745.3. E745.3. Soul as straw. Tobler 51.

E745.4. E745.4. Soul as flower. BP II 394; Icelandic: Boberg.

E745.4.1. E745.4.1. Soul as lotus flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

E745.5. E745.5. Soul as fruit.

E745.5.1. E745.5.1. Souls as golden apples. Later turn into birds and fly away. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 91b s.v. “Apfel”.

E745.5.2. E745.5.2. Soul as bulb. Icelandic: Boberg.

E745.6. E745.6. Soul as ghi (clarified butter). India: Thompson-Balys.

E747. E747. Soul as mannikin (child). Frazer Golden Bough III 26ff.; Tobler 67; Meyer Germanische 66; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 262--266.

E747.1. E747.1. Soul as small replica of body. India: Thompson-Balys.

E748. E748. The soul as a guardian spirit. Hilda R. Ellis The Road to Hell, A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature (Cambridge [Eng.], 1943) 127ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E750. E750. Perils of the soul. *Frazer Golden Bough III 26ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 464--480.

E750.0.1. E750.0.1. Soul cannot enter heaven till body is buried. (Cf. E235.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E750.1. E750.1. Souls wander after death. *v. Negelein Zs. f. Vksk. XI 16ff., 149ff., 263ff.; Jewish: *Neuman; Japanese: Anesaki 237ff.

E750.1.1. E750.1.1. Virgins condemned to wander at death. Korean: Zong in-Sob 39.

E750.2. E750.2. Perilous path for soul to world of dead. (Cf. F151.1.) Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 484.

E750.2.1. E750.2.1. Dead person of good life goes over bridge to otherworld without fear. India: Thompson-Balys.

E750.2.2. E750.2.2. Perilous valley in (on way to) land of dead. Irish myth: Cross.

E750.2.3. E750.2.3. Branching tree as roadway for souls. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 154.

E750.3. E750.3. Journey of soul to world of dead on reindeer. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 485.

E750.4. E750.4. Soul leaves possessions on road to final resting place. India: Thompson-Balys.

E751. E751. Souls at Judgment Day. Irish: *Cross; O’Suilleabhain 62, 78, Beal XXI 324, 327; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

E751.0.1. E751.0.1. There are to be two resurrections. Irish myth: Cross.

E751.1. E751.1. Souls weighed at Judgment Day. (Cf. Q155.1.) Fb “veje” III 1025b; Irish myth: Cross.

E751.2. E751.2. Souls await Judgment Day in shapes of birds. Irish myth: *Cross.

E751.3. E751.3. Souls of Irish to be judged by St. Patrick on Judgment Day. (Cf. Q173.) Irish myth: Cross.

E751.4. E751.4. Four (five) groups on Judgment Day. (Cf. A661.0.5.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E751.5. E751.5. Souls of sinners to spend seven years under waters of the sea before Doomsday. Irish myth: Cross.

E751.6. E751.6. Resurrection to take place on Sunday. Irish myth: Cross.

E751.7. E751.7. Judgment day on Monday. Irish myth: Cross.

E752. E752. Lost souls. Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Arme Seelen”; Irish myth: *Cross.

E752.1. E752.1. Soul in jeopardy after leaving body. Fb “sjжl” III 214b.

E752.1.1. E752.1.1. Devil in disguise hunts souls. (Cf. G303.7.1.3.) French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 13; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 91 No. *773A.

E752.1.2. E752.1.2. Fiends play ball with a soul. Alphabet No. 699.

E752.1.2.1. E752.1.2.1. Demons amuse themselves by plaguing souls in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

E752.1.3. E752.1.3. Souls of dead captured on leaving corpse. Africa (Fang): Einstein 70ff., Trilles Bulletin de la Sociйtй Neuchвteloise de Gйographie XVI 190ff.

E752.2. E752.2. Soul carried off by demon (Devil). Frazer Golden Bough III 60; *Fb “djжvel” IV 99b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 464.

E752.3. E752.3. Raven carries off souls of damned. Tobler 31; Fb “ravn” III 22a.

E752.4. E752.4. Lost soul in raven feathers. Fb “ravn” III 22a.

E752.5. E752.5. Hell-hounds accompany soul to lower world. Wimberly 120.

E752.6. E752.6. Soul bound for hell given sight of heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

E752.7. E752.7. Lost soul gnawed by worms. Irish myth: Cross.

E752.7.1. E752.7.1. Abandoned souls feed on spiders and night moths. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 154.

E752.8. E752.8. Souls of dead eaten by sky-spirits. India: Thompson-Balys.

E752.9. E752.9. Souls of wicked eaten by deity. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 312.

E752.10. E752.10. Precautions taken with corpse before burial to prevent evil spirits from getting, using body. (Cf. E431.)

E752.10.1. E752.10.1. Corpse must be watched carefully before burial. England: Baughman.

E752.10.2. E752.10.2. Light must be kept burning by corpse to keep evil spirits away. England: Baughman.

E754. E754. Saved souls. *Frazer Golden Bough III 55ff.; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 327.

E754.1. E754.1. Condemned soul recovered. Irish myth: *Cross.

E754.1.1. E754.1.1. Condemned soul saved by prayer. Alphabet No. 592; Wells 171 (The Gast of Gy); Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 331, O’Suilleabhain 98; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 89 No. 760C*, Keller; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 7.

E754.1.1.1. E754.1.1.1. Demons powerless over souls commended to God before sleep. Jewish: bin Gorion I 238.

E754.1.2. E754.1.2. Condemned soul saved by Virgin Mary. (Cf. V250.) Crane Miraculis 84 No. 5, 86 No. 10, 87 No. 12, 93 No. 27; Ward II 605 No. 11, *607 No. 16, 635 No. 36, 670 No. 3, 672 No. 7; Wells 167 (Vernon Miracles).

E754.1.3. E754.1.3. Condemned soul saved by penance. (Cf. Q520.) Alphabet No. 697; Irish myth: Cross.

E754.1.4. E754.1.4. Condemned soul saved by holy person. Irish myth: *Cross.

E754.1.5. E754.1.5. Condemned soul released by God. Irish myth: Cross.

E754.1.6. E754.1.6. Condemned soul released from hell by Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

E754.1.7. E754.1.7. Few grains of earth from river bed translates soul destined to an evil future to Paradise. India: Thompson-Balys.

E754.1.8. E754.1.8. Condemned soul released because of tears of living. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 21, 74.

E754.2. E754.2. Saved soul goes to heaven. Fb “sjжl” III 213b; Wells 50, 175; Alphabet No. 316; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 307f., 322, O’Suilleabhain 24, 27, 99; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E754.2.0.1. E754.2.0.1. Souls of warriors go to Valhalla. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 239.

E754.2.1. E754.2.1. Souls carried to heaven by doves. Tobler 31; *Fb “himmerige” I 610b.

E754.2.2. E754.2.2. Souls carried to heaven by angels. (Cf V232.2.) Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. “Engel”; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

E754.2.2.1. E754.2.2.1. Angels of death fail to bring soul to heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

E754.2.3. E754.2.3. Dead and living go together to gate of heaven. Fb “dшd” I 228a.

E754.2.4. E754.2.4. Dead children invited to eat at God‘s table. BP III 463.

E754.3. E754.3. Burial in certain ground assures going to heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

E754.4. E754.4. Soul of hermit who fasts to death for worldly fame would be damned but for past good deeds. Nouvelles de Sens No. 20.

E754.5. E754.5. Souls carried to heaven in chariot of light. Jewish: *Neuman.

E754.6. E754.6. Souls climb pillars of smoke and light on way to heaven. (Cf. E722.2.1.) Jewish: *Neuman.

E754.7. E754.7. Souls of pious as angels. Jewish: *Neuman.

E755. E755. Destination of the soul.

E755.0.1. E755.0.1. Resurrected boys choose to return to heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

E755.0.2. E755.0.2. Angels separate souls going to heaven or hell. Jewish: Neuman.

E755.0.3. E755.0.3. Souls of dead presented to Adam. Jewish: Neuman.

E755.1. E755.1. Souls in heaven. (Cf. A661.) K. Kohler Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion (New York, 1923); Irish myth: Cross.

E755.1.1. E755.1.1. Heavenly hierarchy. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman. Maori: Clark 182.

E755.1.2. E755.1.2. River in heaven burns wicked and gives joy to righteous. Irish myth: *Cross.

E755.1.3. E755.1.3. Souls on way to heaven pass through Garden of Eden. Jewish: Neuman.

E755.1.4. E755.1.4. Sixty thousand Jewish souls in heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

E755.2. E755.2. Souls in hell (Hades). A. Graf Miti, leggende et superstizioni del medio evo I 241ff.; K. Kohler Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion (New York, 1923); Fb “helvede” I 589; Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 122, 281, 406; Alphabet No. 43; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 320, O’Suilleabhain 53; *Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

E755.2.0.1. E755.2.0.1. Souls leave hell on Sundays. (Cf. Q560.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

E755.2.1. E755.2.1. Souls of drowned in heated kettles in hell. *Type 475; BP II 423, III 487; Kцhler-Bolte I 69; Fb “potte” II 867a.

E755.2.1.1. E755.2.1.1. Souls in hell wrenched from bodies with hot pitchforks by devils. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E755.2.2. E755.2.2. Souls in chains in hell. (Cf. A671.2.4.7, Q566.1.) Chinese: Werner

E755.2.3. E755.2.3. Lost soul to serve as porter in hell for seven years. Kцhler-Bolte I 320; Wimberly 416, 426.

E755.2.4. E755.2.4. Ghosts gather wood for hell fires. Jewish: bin Gorion II 154ff., 348.

E755.2.4.1. E755.2.4.1. Hell fires kindled according to sins of sinners. Irish myth: Cross.

E755.2.5. E755.2.5. Icy hell. (Cf. A677, Q567f.) Alphabet No. 662.

E755.2.6. E755.2.6. Dead flailed by demons. Irish myth: *Cross.

E755.2.7. E755.2.7. Devils torment sinners in hell. India: Thompson-Balys.

E755.2.8. E755.2.8. Dialogue between Christ and the souls in hell. (Cf. V211.7.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

E755.2.8. E755.2.8. Series of hells. (Cf. A651.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

E755.3. E755.3. Souls in purgatory. **Landau Hцlle und Fegefeuer in Volksglaube, Dichtung und Kirchenlehre (Heidelberg, 1909); Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 464, 467, 469, Crane Liber de Miraculis 86 No. 10; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Fegefeuer”; Ward Catalogue of Romances II 440ff.; Herbert ibid. III 330; Alphabet Nos. 504, 661.--Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 330--333, O‘Suilleabhain 95, 100, 102f.

E755.3.1. E755.3.1. Soul in purgatory sends letter bidding his son reward one who has prayed him from purgatory. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *769.

E755.4. E755.4. Other destinations of souls.

E755.4.1. E755.4.1. Souls of dead imprisoned in tree. Icelandic: De la Saussaye 298; Irish: Beal XXI 332.

E755.4.2. E755.4.2. Soul of dead in a temple. Chinese: Werner 314.

E756. E756. Contest over souls. (Cf. E754.1.) Type 808**.

E756.1. E756.1. Devils and angels contest for man’s soul. *Wesselski Mдrchen 199; *Fb “djжvel” IV 99b; *Crane Miraculis 87 No. 11; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 808*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *808; Estonian: Aarne in FFC XXV No. 808*; Jewish: *Neuman.

E756.2. E756.2. Soul won from devil in card game. Fb “spille” III 487b; Irish: Beal XXI 329, O‘Suilleabhain 90; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 52 No. 345.

E756.3. E756.3. Raven and dove fight over man’s soul. Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 157f., *249ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchen I 356a. s.v. “Busse des Rдubers”; England, Wales: Baughman.

E756.4. E756.4. Saint wrests soul from demons. (Cf. V229.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E756.4.1. E756.4.1. Soul of gambler won by saint in dice game. Dice miraculously split to make higher score for saint.--Spanish Exempla: Keller.

E756.5. E756.5. Saved soul of woman assists her husband‘s soul in battle against demons. (Cf. E754.) Irish myth: Cross.

E757. E757. The soul prays. Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Werner 268.

E758. E758. Rejoicing at arrival of rich man in heaven. Event so rare as to cause rejoicing. Poor man enters unnoticed.--Type 802; BP III 274; Fb “rig” III 55a; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 351a s.v. “Burli im Himmel”.

E759. E759. The soul--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

E759.1. E759.1. Soul strives to be heard by the living. Irish myth: Cross.

E759.2. E759.2. Angel gives soul information concerning mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

E760. E760. Life Index. Object or animal has mystic connection with person. Changes in one correspond to changes in the other.--India: Thompson-Balys.

E761. E761. Life token. (Cf. E760.) Object (animal, person) has mystic connection with the life of a person, so that changes in the life-token indicate changes in the person, usually disaster or death. *Type 303; **Polivka The Life Tokens in Folk-Tales, Custom, and Belief (Nбrodopisny Vestnik Ceskoslovansky XII [Prague, 1917]); *Chauvin V 87 No. 27 n. 1, V 295, VII 98 No. 375 n. 1; Penzer I 130, III 272 n. 1, X 210; Clouston Tales I 169ff.; Jacobs’ list s.v. “Life index”; *BP I 545, II 392; *Hartland Legend of Perseus II 1--54; **Nelson The Life-Index, a Hindu Fiction Motif (Studies in Honor of Maurice Bloomfield) 211ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “danger”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Oceanic (New Hebrides, Torres Straits, New Guinea, Indonesia): Dixon 133 n. 5; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 317 n. 149, *Hultkrantz 338--340, (California): Gayton and Newman 69; S. A. Indian (Quichй): Alexander Lat. Am. 173; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 81, (Basuto): Jacottet 212, 218 Nos. 31, 32.

E761.1. E761.1. Blood as life token.

E761.1.1. E761.1.1. Life token: water turns to blood. (Cf. F961.3.1, V211.2.3.2.) Fb “vand” III 1000b.--England: Baughman; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.1.2. E761.1.2. Life token: horn fills with blood. Africa (Congo): Weeks 203.

E761.1.3. E761.1.3. Life token: track fills with blood. *Type 303; Icelandic: Boberg.

E761.1.3.1. E761.1.3.1. Life token: earth, water, or blood in footprint. Earth: dead by disease; water: drowned; blood: killed in battle. Icelandic: Boberg.

E761.1.4. E761.1.4. Life token: blood of fish calls out. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 187.

E761.1.5. E761.1.5. Life token: blood boils. French: Cosquin Lorraine No. 5; Jewish: *Neuman.

E761.1.5.1. E761.1.5.1. Blood stops boiling. Gaster Exempla 224 No. 194.

E761.1.6. E761.1.6. Life token: blood changes color. Gaster Exempla 251 No. 373; Russian: Ralston Russian Folk-Tales 102.

E761.1.7. E761.1.7. Life token: comb drips blood. Finnish: Kalevala runes 12, 15.

E761.1.7.1. E761.1.7.1. Life token: gloves drip blood. Russian: Ralston Russian Folk-Tales 67.

E761.1.7.2. E761.1.7.2. Life token: scissors (razor, knife) drip blood. Chauvin VII 198; Armenian: Macler Contes Armйniens 28.

E761.1.8. E761.1.8. Life token: cloth becomes bloody. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 3.

E761.1.9. E761.1.9. Life token: hero‘s horse stands in stable in blood up to his knees. Russian: Rambaud La Russie Epique (Paris, 1876) 378.

E761.1.10. E761.1.10. Life token: milk becomes bloody. England: Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

E761.1.11. E761.1.11. Life token: roof spouts of castle run with blood. England: Baughman.

E761.1.12. E761.1.12. Life token: meal ground in mill is the color of blood. England: Baughman.

E761.1.13. E761.1.13. Blood stops flowing from wound when captives escape. Papua: Ker 64.

E761.2. E761.2. Life token: staff stuck in ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.2.1. E761.2.1. Life token: staff stuck in ground shakes. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 212 No. 31, (Kaffir): Theal 82.

E761.2.2. E761.2.2. Life token: staff stuck in ground falls. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 8; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 32.

E761.3. E761.3. Life token: tree (flower) fades. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 1; Fb “lilie”; Bцckel Psychologie der Volksdichtung 255; *Loomis White Magic 125f.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “flйtrissement”; French: Sйbillot France III 433; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 93, 96 n. 3, 97; Papua: Ker 61; Indonesian, Polynesian: Dixon 234 n. 46; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 87 No. 5, (Kaffir): Kidd 225, (Madagascar): Dandouau Contes Populaires de Sakalava 231.

E761.3.1. E761.3.1. Life token: bamboo stalks grow with joints upside down. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.3.1.1. E761.3.1.1. Life token: bananas ripen from bottom up. Papua: Ker 61.

E761.3.2. E761.3.2. Lifen token: fruit decays on tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.3.3. E761.3.3. Life token: fruit falls from tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.3.4. E761.3.4. Life token: trees prostrate themselves. Jewish: Neuman.

E761.4. E761.4. Life token: object darkens or rusts.

E761.4.1. E761.4.1. Life token: knife stuck in tree rusts (becomes bloody). *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 2; *Fb “kniv” II 221a.

E761.4.2. E761.4.2. Life token: picture burns black. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 4.

E761.4.3. E761.4.3. Life token: mirror becomes black (misty). (Cf. D1163.) *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 5; Armenian: Macler contes Armйniens 28; Japanese: Ikeda.

E761.4.4. E761.4.4. Life token: ring rusts. English: Child I 201; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 4.

E761.4.5. E761.4.5. Life token: silver object turns dark. Russian: Ralston Russian Folk-Tales (London, 1875) 91.

E761.4.6. E761.4.6. Life token: charm dries. Africa (Lamba): Doke MAFLS XX 14 No. 11.

E761.4.7. E761.4.7. Life token: sword rusts. India: *Thompson-Balys.

E761.4.8. E761.4.8. Life token: beads cling together. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.4.9. E761.4.9. Life token: milk turns dark. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.5. E761.5. Life token: object breaks (bursts). India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.5.1. E761.5.1. Life token: pot breaks. (Cf. D1171.1.) Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 188 No. 27.

E761.5.2. E761.5.2. Life token: zither string breaks. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 9.

E761.5.3. E761.5.3. Life token: ring springs asunder. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 68f. n. 4; Fb “ring” III 60a.

E761.5.4. E761.5.4. Life token: cup springs asunder. (Cf. D1171.6.) *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 7.

E761.5.5. E761.5.5. Life token: stone breaks. (Cf. E711.7.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E761.5.5.1. E761.5.5.1. Life token: stones prostrate themselves. Jewish: Neuman.

E761.5.6. E761.5.6. Life token: sheaves prostrate themselves. Jewish: Neuman.

E761.6. E761.6. Life token: troubled liquid. (Cf. D1242.)

E761.6.1. E761.6.1. Life token: troubled water. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 1; Italian: Basile Pentamerone No. 9; India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.6.2. E761.6.2. Life token: milk becomes red. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 1; England: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.6.3. E761.6.3. Life token: boiling liquid. *Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 270 No. 82.

E761.6.4. E761.6.4. Life token: beer foams. (Cf. D1045.) *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 69 n. 5.

E761.6.5. E761.6.5. Life token: wine turns to vinegar. Gaster Exempla 219 No. 156 (155.)

E761.6.6. E761.6.6. Life token: milk becomes agitated in pan at death of relative. (Cf. E761.6.2.) England, U.S.: Baughman.

E761.7. E761.7. Life token: miscellaneous.

E761.7.1. E761.7.1. Life token: ring presses finger. (Cf. D1076.) *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 6.

E761.7.2. E761.7.2. Life token: spring goes dry. (Cf. D927.) *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 10.

E761.7.3. E761.7.3. Life token: leaves full from tree. (Cf. D955.) Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 185.

E761.7.4. E761.7.4. Life token: light goes out. (Cf. E765.1.) *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 11; Gaster Thespis 275ff.

E761.7.5. E761.7.5. Life token: dogs pulling on leash. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 123.

E761.7.6. E761.7.6. Life token: bird sent each day to tell of hero’s condition; when owl comes it will be to announce death. Carib: Alexander Lat. Am. 265.

E761.7.7. E761.7.7. Life token: bird feathers sink in river at hero‘s death. Kirghiz: Radloff Proben der Volksliteratur der tьrkischen Stдmme Sьdsiberiens III 85.

E761.7.8. E761.7.8. Life token: great wind blows. Irish myth: Cross.

E761.7.9. E761.7.9. Life token: flaming shield goes out. (Cf. D1101.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

E761.7.10. E761.7.10. Life token: armor rattles at home when owner is killed away from home. England: Baughman.

E761.7.11. E761.7.11. Life token: music box plays by itself as owner awaits burial. U.S.: Baughman.

E761.7.12. E761.7.12. Life token: arrow falls down. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.7.13. E761.7.13. Life token: paddy productive or unproductive. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.7.14. E761.7.14. Life token: rings will exchange places on girls’ fingers. India: Thompson-Balys.

E761.7.15. E761.7.15. Life token: direction dagger points determines if ogress has been killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

E765. E765. Life dependent on external object or event. Person‘s life is mystically connected with something else and comes to an end when that thing is destroyed. India: Thompson-Balys.

E765.1. E765.1. Life bound up with light (flame). Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “vie”; Fb “lys” II 483ab; Gaster Thespis 275f.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

E765.1.1. E765.1.1. Life bound up with candle. When the candle goes out, person dies.--*Krappe in Penzer Ocean of Story VIII 107; Anderson Die Meleagrossage bei den Letten (Philologus N. F. XXXIII [1923]); Icelandic: De la Saussaye 315, *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 82 No. 708*A.

E765.1.2. E765.1.2. Life bound up with burning brand (torch). Hartland Science 205 (Olger the Dane); Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 65 n. 5 (Meleager).

E765.1.3. E765.1.3. Life-lights in lower world. Each light mystically connected with the life of a person. When light is extinguished, person dies. *Type 332; BP I 377ff., *388.

E765.2. E765.2. Life bound up with that of animal. Person to live as long as animal lives. *Krappe in Penzer Ocean of Story VIII 107; Irish myth: *Cross (Diarmaid); Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 5; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 364--374.

E765.3. E765.3. Life bound up with object. *Krappe in Penzer Ocean of Story VIII 107; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Hultkrantz 364.

E765.3.0.1. E765.3.0.1. Life bound up with magic object. When magic object is lost, person dies. Irish myth: *Cross.

E765.3.1. E765.3.1. Person to live as long as church stands. Fb “kirke” II 126a, “leve” II 401b.

E765.3.2. E765.3.2. Life bound up with calabash. As calabash grows, so does girl. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 55 No. 24.

E765.3.3. E765.3.3. Life bound up with tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

E765.3.4. E765.3.4. Girl lives until her cowslip is pulled. England: Baughman.

E765.3.5. E765.3.5. Man’s magic contains his life essence. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 541.

E765.4. E765.4. Life bound up with external event. Death to come when certain thing happens.

E765.4.1. E765.4.1. Father will die when daughter marries. (Cf. E765.4.3.) Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 187.

E765.4.2. E765.4.2. Mother will die when daughter is wooed. Irish myth: Cross.

E765.4.3. E765.4.3. Father will die when daughter bears son. (Cf. E765.4.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

E765.4.3.1. E765.4.3.1. Father (and mother) will die on same day as daughter. Irish myth: Cross.

E765.4.4. E765.4.4. Person will die year he marries. Irish myth: *Cross.

E765.4.5. E765.4.5. Person will die when he drinks from horn. (Cf. D1793.) Irish myth: Cross.

E765.4.6. E765.4.6. Snake can die only if it gives away hoarded treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

E765.4.7. E765.4.7. Man dies when tortoise shell is dug up. Tonga: Gifford 52.

E765.5. E765.5. One person’s life dependent on another‘s. Penzer I 131.

E766. E766. Object dies or stops when owner dies.

E766.1. E766.1. Clock stops at moment of owner’s death. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

E766.2. E766.2. Tree dies when owner dies. England: *Baughman.

E766.3. E766.3. Post falls when owners lose estate. England: Baughman.

E767. E767. Affinity of person and object.

E767.1. E767.1. Ash pole appears at doorway several times on day owner‘s daughter dies. (It is used for coffin rests. The pole has previously mysteriously escaped being used for other purposes.)--Canada: Baughman.

E767.2. E767.2. Clothes of wicked person burn when owner dies. U.S.: Baughman.

E770. E770. Vital objects. Objects that have life in them. (Cf. D1620, D1640.)

E771. E771. Ring with life in it. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “animisme”.

E772. E772. Sickle with life in it. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “animisme”.

E780. E780. Vital bodily members. They possess life independent of the rest of the body. (Cf. F1096.) India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 346 n. 246b.

E780.1. E780.1. Vital body: kills attacking enemies. India: Thompson-Balys.

E780.2. E780.2. Animal bodily members transferred to person or other animal retains animal powers and habits. (Cf. E781, E782.) Type 660; Haiti: Parsons MAFLS XVII (1) 59--62.

E781. E781. Eyes successfully replaced. Jacobs’ list s.v. “Eyes exchanged”; Fb “шje” III 1166a; Kцhler-Bolte I 434ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Gaster Thespis 333f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 139 No. 13.

E781.1. E781.1. Substituted eyes. Lost eyes are replaced by those of another person or animal. (Cf. F512.1.4.) *Type 660; BP II 552; Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 299 n. 94.

E781.1.1. E781.1.1. Prince regains his eyesight after theft of eyes from water maidens. India: Thompson-Balys.

E781.2. E781.2. Eyes bought back and replaced. *Type 533; *BP II 278 n. 1; *Kцhler-Bolte I 463; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 83 No. 711A*; Missouri French: Carriиre.

E781.3. E781.3. Eyes borrowed by animal. Later returned.--Africa (Kaffir): Theal 166.

E782. E782. Limbs successfully replaced. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 248 No. 36.

E782.0.1. E782.0.1. Substituted limbs. Man borrows various limbs and successfully uses them. Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 267 No. 4.

E782.1. E782.1. Hands restored. *Type 706; *BP I 295; Fb “hеnd” I 765b; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller, Nouvelles de Sens No. 12; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

E782.1.1. E782.1.1. Substituted hand. Man exchanges his hand for that of another. *Type 660; BP II 552.

E782.2. E782.2. Substituted ribs (chariot ribs). Irish myth: Cross.

E782.3. E782.3. Arms restored. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bras”.

E782.3.1. E782.3.1. Substituted arm. Injured arm replaced by another. (Cf. A128.4.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

E782.4. E782.4. Horse’s leg cut off and replaced. *Type 753; *BP III 198; *Lowes Romanic Review V 368; Saintyves Saints Successeurs 248--251; Kцhler-Bolte I 132, 297 n. 1; Dh II 169; Hoefler Zs. f. Vksk. I 304; Ons Volksleven III 43, V 28, 136f.

E782.4.1. E782.4.1. Substituted leg. Injured leg replaced by another. Alphabet No. 219.

E782.4.2. E782.4.2. Severed leg(s) regrow(s). Africa (Somali): Kirk A Grammar of the Somali Language (Cambridge [Eng.], 1905) 162f., (Ishhak): Kirk FL XV 391ff. No. 3, (Saho): Reinisch Die Saho-Sprache I 76ff. No. 3.

E782.5. E782.5. Substituted tongue. Haiti: Parsons MAFLS XVII (1) 59--62.

E783. E783. Vital head. Retains life after being cut off. (Cf. D992, F511.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 432.

E783.1. E783.1. Head cut off and successfully replaced. *Kittredge Gawain 147ff.; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 61, *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Quichй): Alexander Lat. Am. 175; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 113 No. 8, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 10.

E783.2. E783.2. Severed head regrows. Penzer III 268 n. 1.--Greek: Fox 81.

E783.2.1. E783.2.1. Origin of Pegasus from neck of slain Medusa. Greek: Fox 34.

E783.3. E783.3. Severed head reddens and whitens. Irish myth: *Cross.

E783.4. E783.4. Severed head opens eyes. Irish myth: Cross.

E783.5. E783.5. Vital head speaks. India: Thompson-Balys.

E783.6. E783.6. Headless body vital. Irish myth: Cross.

E783.7. E783.7. Headless man lives four (seven) years. (Cf. Q551.8.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

E783.8. E783.8. Dead head grateful for burying it. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 34.

E784. E784. Flesh regrows. Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chair”; India: Thompson-Balys.

E785. E785. Vital skin. Retains life after death of owner. Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 3.

E785.1. E785.1. Substituted skin. Irish myth: Cross.

E785.1.1. E785.1.1. Ewe‘s hide grafted to skinless head of wounded man. Irish myth: Cross.

E786. E786. Heart successfully replaced. *Type 660.

E787. E787. Stomach borrowed by animal. Later returned. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 167.

E788. E788. Severed pap regrows when woman bears child. Child V 177.

E789. E789. Vital bodily members--miscellaneous. India: Thompson-Balys.

E789.1. E789.1. Organs exchanged with those of animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

E790. E790. The soul--miscellaneous.

E791. E791. Man who forgets to count himself dies immediately after. India: Thompson-Balys.

E734.3. Vol. 2 Fn. 1 p. 502

1 In folk thought, an insect.

Volume 3: F-H

Motif: Title-Page Vol. 3

MOTIF-INDEX

OF

FOLK-LITERATURE

A Classification of Narrative Elements in

Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances,

Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and

Local Legends

REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION BY

STITH THOMPSON

Indiana University

VOLUME THREE

F-H

INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS

BLOOMINGTON & INDIANAPOLIS

Motif: Copyright page Vol. 3

Indiana University Press gratefully acknowledges

the support of the L.J. and Mary C. Skaggs Foundation

in the republication of the six volumes of the

Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording, or by any

information storage and retrieval system, without

permission in writing from the publisher.

Manufactured in the United States of America

ISBN 0-253-33883-2

5 89

complete set ISBN 0-253-33887-5

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Marvels

F. MARVELS

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

F0--F199. Otherworld Journeys

F0. Journey to otherworld

F10--F79. The upper world

F10. Journey to upper world

F30. Inhabitant of upper world visits earth

F50. Access to upper world

F60. Transportation to or from upper world

F80--F109. The lower world

F80. Journey to lower world

F90. Access to lower world

F100. Visit to lower world--miscellaneous motifs

F110--F199. Miscellaneous otherworlds

F110. Journey to terrestrial otherworlds

F130. Location of otherworld

F140. Bounds of the otherworld

F150. Access to otherworld

F160. Nature of the otherworld

F170. Otherworld--miscellaneous motifs

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Marvelous Creatures

F200--F699. MARVELOUS CREATURES

F200--F399. Fairies and elves

F200. Fairies (elves)

F210. Fairyland

F220. Dwelling of fairies

F230. Appearance of fairies

F240. Possessions of fairies

F250. Other characteristics of fairies

F260. Behavior of fairies

F300--F399. Fairies and mortals

F300. Marriage or liaison with fairy

F310. Fairies and human children

F320. Fairies carry people away to fairyland

F330. Grateful fairies

F340. Gifts from fairies

F350. Theft from fairies

F360. Malevolent or destructive fairies (pixies)

F370. Visit to fairyland

F380. Defeating or ridding oneself of fairies

F390. Fairies--miscellaneous motifs

F400--F499. Spirits and demons

F400. Spirits and demons (general)

F420. Water-spirits

F430. Weather-spirits

F440. Vegetation-spirits

F450. Underground-spirits

F460. Mountain-spirits

F470. Night-spirits

F480. House-spirits

F490. Other spirits and demons

F500-F599. Remarkable persons

F500. Remarkable persons

F510. Monstrous persons

F530. Exceptionally large or small men

F540. Remarkable physical organs

F560. Unusual manner of life

F570. Other extraordinary human beings

F600-F699. Persons with extraordinary powers

F600. Person with extraordinary powers

F610. Remarkably strong man

F640. Extraordinary powers of perception

F660. Remarkable skill

F680. Other marvelous powers

F700-F899. Extraordinary places and things

F700. Extraordinary places

F710. Extraordinary bodies of water

F720. Submarine and subterranean world

F730. Extraordinary islands

F750. Extraordinary mountains and other land features

F760. Extraordinary cities

F770. Extraordinary buildings and furnishings

F790. Extraordinary sky and weather phenomena

F800. Extraordinary rocks and stones

F810. Extraordinary trees, plants, fruit, etc.

F820. Extraordinary clothing and ornaments

F830. Extraordinary weapons

F840. Other extraordinary objects and places

F900-F1099. Extraordinary occurrences

F910. Extraordinary swallowings

F930. Extraordinary occurrences concerning seas or waters

F940. Extraordinary underground (underwater) disappearances

F950. Marvelous cures

F960. Extraordinary nature phenomena - elements and weather

F970. Extraordinary behavior of trees and plants

F980. Extraordinary occurrences concerning animals

F990. Inanimate objects act as if living

F1010. Other extraordinary events

F.

F. MARVELS

F0--F199.

F0--F199. Other world journeys.

F0. F0. Journey to other world. *Patch Some Elements in Mediaeval Descriptions of the Otherworld (PMLA XXXIII 601--643); *Wimberly 108ff.; *Ward II 396ff.; *von Negelein Zs. f. Vksk. XI 16ff., 149ff., 263ff; *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “Other world”; *Henne-am Rhyn Das Jenseits (1881).--Irish: Nutt The Irish Vision of the Happy Otherworld and the Celtic Doctrine of Rebirth (in Meyer, The Voyage of Bran), *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 114ff.; Brown Iwain 56ff.; Icelandic: Gould Scandinavian Studies and Notes IX (1927) 190; German: *Siuts Jenseitmotive im deutschen Volksmдrchen; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Tawney I 58f., 417ff., 526f., II 267ff., 288ff.; Arabian: Burton Nights VIII 70, IX 181ff., S II 85ff., S IV 443ff.; Russian: Kuzenow Ueber den Glauben vom Jenseits und den Todtenkultus der Tcheremissen (Internationales Archiv fьr Ethnographie IX No. 4, X No. 2); Melanesia (Ysabel): Codrington 365, (Mono-Alu-Fauru): Wheeler 21f., 33, (Buin): ibid. 47, (Papua): Ker 7; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 192.

F0.1. F0.1. Names for otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1. F1. Journey to otherworld as dream or vision. *Loomis White Magic 52.--Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 25.

F2. F2. Translation to otherworld without dying. (Cf. F12.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F2.1. F2.1. Supernatural husband takes mortal wife with him to heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

F3. F3. Journey to otherworld as invasion. Irish myth: *Cross.

F4. F4. Journey to otherworld as hunt. Irish myth: *Cross.

F5. F5. Journey to otherworld as penance. Irish myth: Cross.

F6. F6. Departure to otherworld (fairyland) attributed to death. Irish myth: *Cross.

F7. F7. Journey to otherworld with angel. Jewish: Neuman.

F10--F79.

F10--F79. THE UPPER WORLD

F10. F10. Journey to upper world. Most references for F0 discuss this motif. Chauvin VII 54ff. No. 77.--Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 332 n. 2 (Dionysus and Semele); India: *Thompson-Balys, Tawney II 483; Chinese: Werner 224, 282; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 460, 515; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 311 n. 118; S. A. Indian (Kariri, Shipaya): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 25; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 97 No. 18, (Fjort): Dennett 74 No. 16, (Ekoi): Talbot 71, 184, 344, (Congo): Weeks 202 No. 1, 217 No. 12, (Zulu): Callaway 147, (Ila [Rhodesia]): Smith and Dale II 348.

F10.1. F10.1. Return from upper world. Indonesia: De Vries’ list No. 165.

F10.2. F10.2. Man taken to upper world sees all that happens on earth. Jewish: Neuman.

F11. F11. Journey to heaven (upper-world paradise). Types 800--809; K. Kahler Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion (New York, 1923).--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Hartland Science 193; Jewish: *Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights II 197n.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 606, II 294; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 183; Korean: Zong in-Sob 171; Melanesia: Wheeler 21f., Codrington II 1, Ker 7; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit MAFLS XI 53 No. 34; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177.

F11.1. F11.1. Journey to heaven in trance. Hartland Science 189; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F11.2. F11.2. Man goes to heaven without dying. (Cf. D1856, F2.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F11.3. F11.3. Man goes to heaven for limited time. Jewish: *Neuman.

F12. F12. Journey to see deity. Usually to the upper world. *Type 460A; *Aarne FFC XXIII 124.--Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/79); Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 18, 184.

F12.1. F12.1. Journey to sky-god. Chinese: Graham.

F12.2. F12.2. Grieving mortal taken by god of the dead up to otherworld to identify his son, who has just died. India: Thompson-Balys.

F12.3. F12.3. Men taken by Brahma to Siva so they can petition him personally. India: Thompson-Balys.

F12.4. F12.4. Journey to heaven to see Buddha. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 183.

F13. F13. Man admitted into heaven but must not find fault. *Type 801; BP III 297.

F15. F15. Visit to star-world. Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: **Thompson The Star-Husband Tale 93--163; *Thompson Tales 311 n. 118c; S. A. Indian (Cherentes, Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 308, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 41, (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

F15.1. F15.1. Man seeks his mother (star-maiden) in upper world. Chinese: Graham.

F16. F16. Visit to land of moon. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 515, (Greenland): Rasmussen II 30, Rink 440, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 598; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 131 No. 12.

F17. F17. Visit to land of the sun. *Type 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 115ff.--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 311 n. 118b; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 82, 90; Africa: Werner African 233, (Angola): Chatelain 131 No. 12.

F30. F30. Inhabitant of upper world visits earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F31. F31. Child of deity visits earth. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 342, 359, 389, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 347.

F31.1. F31.1. Child of deity stolen and brought down to earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F32. F32. God visits earth. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1003; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 3; Africa (Fang): Einstein 94, Trilles 137, (Ila [Rhodesia]): Smith and Dale II 348.

F32.1. F32.1. God descends to found royal dynasty. Tonga: Gifford 28.

F33. F33. Cloud-folk visit earth. Africa (Congo): Weeks 205 No. 3.

F34. F34. Temptress sent from upper world by deity (Pandora). Greek: Grote I 72.

F35. F35. Divine animal visits earth.

F35.1. F35.1. Divine cow descends to earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F35.2. F35.2. Divine elephant comes down from heaven to feed and disport himself. India: Thompson-Balys.

F50. F50. Access to upper world.

F51. F51. Sky-rope. Access to upper world by means of a rope. BP II 511 (Gr. No. 112); Fb “reb” III 25b.--Icelandic: Gering Islensk Жventyri II 166f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 24, 227; Oceanic (Indonesia, Melanesia, Polynesia): Dixon 66, 156f, 160, Beckwith Myth 255, (Tonga): Gifford 20; N. A. Indian: Hatt Asiatic Influences 48ff., *Thompson Tales 283 n. 48, (California): Gayton and Newman 78; Maya: Alexander Lat. Am. 153; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880, Alexander Lat. Am. 271, (Toba, Mataco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448, MAFLS XL 101--103; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 10, 12.

F51.0.1. F51.0.1. Sky-rope shot by means of arrow. Indonesia: Kruyt Het animisme 494.

F51.0.2. F51.0.2. Four sky-ropes. Irish myth: *Cross.

F51.1. F51.1. Special kinds of sky-rope.

F51.1.1. F51.1.1. Spider-web sky-rope. (Cf. F101.7.) Spider makes web on which ascent or descent is accomplished. India: Thompson-Balys; Oceanic (Hawaii, New Zealand, New Hebrides, Caroline Is.): Dixon 59, 66, (Maori): Clark 163f., (Hawaii): Beckwith Myth 254f., 530; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 201; Arawak and Carib: Alexander Lat. Am. Myth. 274; Africa: Werner African 132ff., (Baluyi, Basubiya, Congo, Angola): Chatelain 135, (Fjort): Dennett 74 No. 16.

F51.1.2. F51.1.2. Vine as sky-rope. Indonesia: Dixon 66; Mono-Alu, Fauru: Wheeler 21f.; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 33; N. A. Indian: Thompson Star Husband 130; S. A. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 434.

F51.1.3. F51.1.3. Stalk as sky-rope. *Type 804.

F51.1.4. F51.1.4. Chaff sky-rope. Fb “hakkelse” I 535.

F51.1.5. F51.1.5. Rope of god’s own hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

F51.1.5.1. F51.1.5.1. Heavenly being‘s hair as sky-rope. Australia: Howitt-Siebert JAI XXXIV (1904) 121.

F51.1.6. F51.1.6. Iron chain hanging from heaven. Korean: Zong in-Sob 10.

F51.1.7. F51.1.7. Sky-rope of mucus. S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 504.

F51.2. F51.2. Sky-basket. Ascent to or descent from upper world in a basket. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 355 n. 283.

F51.2.1. F51.2.1. Ascent to upper world on seat attached to cord. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 110.

F52. F52. Ladder to upper world. *Frazer Old Testament II 52ff.; *Toldo IV 59; Gaster Thespis 400.--Irish myth: Cross; Egyptian: Mьller 176; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 126; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 333 n. 204; Hatt Asiatic Influences 48ff.; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109; Africa: Werner African 136, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 97 No. 18; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 11 n. 2.

F52.1. F52.1. Ladder of glass to upper world. Irish myth: *Cross.

F52.2. F52.2. Columns of smoke as ladder to upper world. (Cf. F61.3.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

F53. F53. Ascent to upper world on arrow chain. Hero shoots arrows which join one another in the air to form a chain. *Pettazzoni The Chain of Arrows, the Diffusion of a Mythical Motive (FL XXXV 151);--Indonesia. Voorhoeve 142; Oceanic (Australia, New Hebrides, Aurora, Whitsuntide, Torres Is., New Guinea): Dixon 139 n. 19, 293f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 333 n. 203, Hatt Asiatic Influences 40ff.; S. A. Indian: *Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55, *Ehrenreich Mythen u. Legend der sьdamerikanischen Urvцlker 50, (Guarayъ): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 438, RMLP XXXIII 147, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 156, 164, BBAE CXLIII (3) 484, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132, (Jibaros, Ecuador): Karsten Myths of the Jibaros (cited from Boas JAFL XXXII 446).

F54. F54. Tree to upper world. Type 1960G; *BP II 511; Kцhler-Bolte I 322; S. Solymossy Revue des йtudes hongroises VI (1928) 311--336 No. 2.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “branche”, “paradis”; Egyptian: Mьller 176; Sumatra: Dixon 160; Tonga: Gifford 25, 39, Beckwith Myth 482; Hawaii: ibid. 232; Samoa: ibid. 486; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 200; S. A. Indian (Cariri): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 559, Mйtraux MAFLS XL 26, (Langua): Mйtraux ibid. 106, (Toba): Mйtraux ibid. 45; Africa: Werner African 136f.

F54.1. F54.1. Tree stretches to sky. Type 1960G; BP II 511.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: De Vries Volksverhalen II 381 Nos. 146, Dixon 239; Tonga, Dobu, San Cristobal: Beckwith Myth 486; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 199, Alexander N. Am. 48, Hatt Asiatic Influences 48ff. (Zuсi): Parsons JAFL XXIX 392; S. A. Indian (Charentes): Alexander Lat. Am. 308; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 344, (Congo): Weeks 202 No. 1, (Boloki): Weeks Cannibals 202; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 9.

F54.2. F54.2. Plant grows to sky. (Jack and the Beanstalk). *Types 328A, 555, 852; BP I 147, *II 511; *MacCulloch Childhood 432ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 102; *Fb “trж” III 867b; Fischer Zs. f. Ethnographie LXIV 236.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fиve”; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1416A; England, U.S., Australia: Baughman (Type 328A); Chinese: Graham; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 286; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 283 No. 114.

F55. F55. Mountain reaches to sky. *Holmberg Baum 39f., 42f.; *Patch PMLA XXXIII 617 n. 56; MacCulloch Childhood 437; Wimberly 405.--German: *Siuts Jenseitsmotive 57; Egyptian: Mьller 176; Maori: Clark 158; S. A. Indian (Mundurucu): Alexander Lat. Am. 308, (Ackawoi): ibid. 270; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 184.

F55.1. F55.1. Mountain stretches to sky. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Maidu): Powers Contributions to N. A. Ethnology III 341, (Ts’ets‘aut): Boas JAFL X 38.

F55.2. F55.2. Rocks piled up to sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

F56. F56. Sky-window. An opening into the sky gives access to upper world. Gaster Thespis 181; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 225; Melanesian: Codrington 365; Indonesia: Voorhoeve 64, (Sumatra, Kei Island): Dixon 156; Tonga: Gifford 149; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 301, 307; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 339, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 599, (Greenland): Rink 468, Rasmussen III 165, 170, Holm 80; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 278 n. 28, Hatt Asiatic Influences 64; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Alexander Lat. Am. 271, Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880, (Mojo): ibid (3) 424, (Sherente): Lowie ibid. (1) 515.

F56.1. F56.1. Sky-window from digging or uprooting plant (tree) in upper world. Chinese: Werner 224f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 197.

F56.2. F56.2. Bird pecks hole in sky-roof to give access to upper world. Africa (Fjort): Dennett DFLS XLI 74ff. No. 16.

F56.3. F56.3. Sky-window at horizon. Tonga: Gifford 149; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 467.

F57. F57. Road to heaven. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Werner African 233.

F57.1. F57.1. Narrow road to heaven. Wimberly 405.--Irish: O’Suilleabhain 63, Beal XXI 324; Kachin: Scott Indo-Chinese 265; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153.

F57.2. F57.2. Person‘s tongue as path to sky. India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 499.

F57.3. F57.3. Path to heaven on beard. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 256.

F57.4. F57.4. Wall as path to upper world. Polynesia: Beckwith Myth 255.

F58. F58. Tower (column) to upper world. *Holmberg Baum 9ff., 33ff.

F59. F59. Access to upper world--miscellaneous.

F59.1. F59.1. Man stretches self till he reaches other world. Greek: Fox 36 (Dionysus); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 476.

F59.2. F59.2. Pursuit of game leads to upper world. N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Alexander N. Am. 26.

F59.3. F59.3. Gate to upper world. Jewish: *Neuman.

F60. F60. Transportation to or from upper world.

F61. F61. Person wafted to sky.

F61.1. F61.1. Ascent to sky on cloud. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 271 n. 2 (Hercules); Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Werner 282.

F61.2. F61.2. Ascent to sky on feather. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 311 n. 118a.

F61.2.1. F61.2.1. Ascent to sky by sticking to magic feather. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 311 n. 118a (a large proportion of the references given).

F61.2.1.1. F61.2.1.1. Descent from upper world on magic feather (like ladder). Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5.

F61.2.2. F61.2.2. Ascent to sky on eagle-down rope. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 66.

F61.3. F61.3. Transportation from heaven in mist. Irish myth: Cross.

F61.3.1. F61.3.1. Ascent to upper world in smoke. India: Thompson-Balys; Caroline Islands: H. Damm Zentralcarolinen (Hamburg, 1938) II 88; New Hebrides: C. B. Humphreys The Southern New Hebrides (Cambridge (Eng.), 1926) 98; Yap: W. Mьller Yap (Hamburg, 1918) II 666, 685, 695.

F62. F62. Bird carries person to or from upper world.

F62.0.1. F62.0.1. Bird flies to upper world. Chinese: Graham.

F62.1. F62.1. Birds carry person to upper world. *Chauvin VII 84 No. 373bis n. 2.--India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 18.

F62.2. F62.2. Birds carry person from upper world. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 460 No. 98.

F62.3. F62.3. Cock carries god to upper world. India: Thompson-Balys.

F63. F63. Person carried to upper world by deity (spirit). India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Tapirape): Wagley-Baldao BBAE CXLIII (3) 178; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 348.

F63.1. F63.1. Mortal taken to heaven by heavenly maidens. India: Thompson-Balys.

F63.2. F63.2. Mortal taken to heaven by angel. Jewish: *Neuman.

F63.3. F63.3. Mortal taken to heaven by sun. Melanesia (Ysabel): Codrington 357.

F63.4. F63.4. Ascent to upper world by holding on to morning star. Papua: Ker 7.

F64. F64. Journey to upper world by keeping thoughts continually on heaven. N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit MAFLS XI 56 No. 34.

F65. F65. Giant shot into upper world by means of magic bow. N. A. Indian: Alexander N. Am. 163.

F65.1. F65.1. Ascent to upper world on arrow. (Cf. F53.) New Hebrides: Beckwith Myth 487.

F66. F66. Journey to upper world on horseback. Jewish: *Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 441.

F66.1. F66.1. Journey to upper world in chariot. Jewish: *Neuman.

F66.1.1. F66.1.1. Journey to sky-world by riding unseen in supernatural wife’s chariot. India: Thompson-Balys.

F67. F67. White sheep carries to upper world, black to lower. *Cosquin Contes indiens 486ff.

F68. F68. Ascent to upper world by magic. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Maori: Beckwith Myth 250; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Star Husband 120f.; Africa: Werner African 136.

F75. F75. Ascent to heaven by holding on to elephant‘s tail. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F76. F76. Time involved in upper world journey.

F76.1. F76.1. Five hundred years to journey from earth to heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

F80--F109.

F80--F109. THE LOWER WORLD

F80. F80. Journey to lower world. *Types 301, 650, BP II 300; *Siuts Jenseitsmotive 50ff.; Wimberly 128; Jacob’s list s.v. “Underworld”; Tylor Primitive Culture 4th ed. (1903) II 65.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 321, *Hilda R. Ellis The Road to Hell, a Study in the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature (London, 1943), 170ff., *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “souterrain”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 25; Finnish: Kalevala rune 25; *Fb “underjordiske” III 975b; Greek: Grote I 189; Jewish: *Neuman; Gaster Oldest Stories 51, Thespis 183ff., 195; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 213 n. 12, 215, De Vries‘ list No. 161; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 199f.; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 151, Thalbitzer 7, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 241; N. A. Indian (Arikara): Alexander N. Am. 108; S. A. Indian (Quichй): Alexander Lat. Am. 170; Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 201 No. 10, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 89 No. 16, (Zulu): Callaway 317f.

F80.1. F80.1. Physical features of underworld. Note: physical features of underworld of dead (F81) are listed under A671--A679. Some features of the underworld also appear in F130ff.

F80.1.1. F80.1.1. Castle in lower world. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chвteau”.

F80.1.2. F80.1.2. Darkness of lower world. Jewish: *Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 78, III 58, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 154B.

F81. F81. Descent to lower world of dead (Hell, Hades). Andrejev FFC LXIX 71f., *231n.; *MacCulloch Encyc. Rel. Ethics IV 648ff.; Oertel Studien zur vgl. Literaturgeschichte VIII 123; Aarne FFC XXIII 115ff., 129ff.; BP III 465; Kцhler-Bolte I 133; Zemmrich Internationales Archiv fьr Ethnographie IV 217; Hull FL XVIII 121; *Fb “helvede” I 589a, “gjedebuk” I 440b, “Cyprianus” I 166b.--Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 320, 324, O’Suilleabhain 53, 63; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “visite”, “enfer”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 299 No. 17, 313 No. 79; Finnish: Kalevala rune 16; Greek: Roscher Lexikon I 22 s.v. “Archilleus”, Fox 105, 137, 145, Frazer Apollodorus I 234 nn. 1, 2, 332 n. 2; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; New Guinea: Ker 81; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 33; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 464; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 165, 180, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 489; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 337 n. 216; Araucanian: Alexander Lat Am. 330f.; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 225 No. 40, 249 No. 50, (Ekoi): Talbot 7, 34, 46, 56, 63, 99, 233, 238, 280, (Yoruba): Ellis 244 No. 1, (Bantu): Einstein 194f.

F81.1. F81.1. Orpheus. Journey to land of dead to bring back person from the dead. **E. Maass Orpheus (Mьnchen, 1895); Frazer Pausanias V 154; Cosquin Йtudes 188ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; England: Child I 215ff., Wells 128 (Sir Orfeo); Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 130; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 17 n. 7, von den Steinen Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 260; Babylonian: Spence 125ff. (Ishtar); Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 491; India: Thompson-Balys, Keith 161 (Savitri); Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 198f., Graham; Japanese: Anesaki 223; Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 160; Oceanic (New Zealand, Mangaia, Hawaii, Samoa, New Hebrides, Bankes Island, German New Guinea): Dixon 72--78; Maori: Clark III; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 269, 298, Rasmussen III 59, 167; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 337 n. 215, Hatt Asiatic Influences 65ff., **Gayton The Orpheus Myth in North America (JAFL XLVIII 263--293), E. W. Voegelin JAFL LX 52--58, (California): Gayton and Newman 99; Surinam: Alexander Lat. Am. 275; Africa: Werner African *138ff., 196.

F81.1.1. F81.1.1. Wife goes to land of dead to procure dead husband’s heart. India: Thompson-Balys.

F81.1.2. F81.1.2. Journey to land of dead to visit deceased. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 199f.

F81.2. F81.2. Journey to hell to recover devil‘s contract. Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 71ff.

F81.3. F81.3. Journey to hell to circumcize child. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas VI 63ff., 308.

F81.4. F81.4. Journey to hell to retrieve soul of mother. Irish myth: Cross.

F81.5. F81.5. Journey to lower world to get treasures. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 583ff.

F81.6. F81.6. Souls redeemed from hell in shape of sheep. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *730.

F83. F83. Hell of women in south of otherworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

F85. F85. Ishtar unveiled. Goddess going to lower world passes through seven gates, at each of which she is divested of a garment till she is entirely unclothed. Babylonian: Spence 130.

F87. F87. Journey to otherworld to secure bride. Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 41ff.

F90. F90. Access to lower world. **Hilda R. Ellis, The Road to Hell (London, 1943) 170ff.

F91. F91. Door (gate) entrance to lower world. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 33, 58, Beal XXI 311, 323; Gaster Oldest Stories 152; Jewish: *Neuman; New Zealand: Dixon 73; Africa: Werner African 184.

F91.1. F91.1. Slamming door on exit from mountain otherworld. It (almost) injures the hero because he has failed to bring back the talisman which opened the mountain. *Krappe Balor 108ff.; Gaster Oldest Stories 46.

F92. F92. Pit entrance to lower world. Entrance through pit, hole, spring, or cavern. *Type 301; *BP II 300ff.; Penzer VI 108f.; *Siuts Jenseitsmotive 50; *Roberts 140.--Irish myth: Cross (F158), Beal XXI 311, 324, 329, O‘Suilleabhain 33, 91; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 103, MacCulloch Eddic 320; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “puits”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 25; Greek: Fox 88, 143; Gaster Thespis 183f.; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 167; Marquesas: Handy 110; Maori: Clark 100; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XV 153; S. A. Indian (Tereno): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 367; Africa: Werner African 175, 184, 195.

F92.1. F92.1. Visit to lower world through hole made by lifting clumps of grass. Type 425, 480; *Roberts 140; Tegethoff 15.--Greek: Fox 227 (Proserpine); Oceanic (New Zealand, Samoa, Nieue Island): Dixon 47f.

F92.2. F92.2. Person swallowed up by earth and taken to lower world. India: Thompson-Balys.

F92.2.1. F92.2.1. Girl gathering flowers swallowed up by earth and taken to lower world. Greek: Fox 227 (Proserpine); Oceanic (Mangaia [Cook Group]): Dixon 74.

F92.3. F92.3. Visit to lower world through opening rocks. Rocks open with a charm. Oceanic (New Zealand, Samoa, Mangaia): Dixon 48.

F92.4. F92.4. Entrance to lower world through mountain. Patch PMLA XXXIII 614 n. 48.--Irish myth: Cross; Babylonian: Gilgamesch-Epos IX; Chinese: Graham.

F92.5. F92.5. Entrance to lower world by making hole in ground. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F92.6. F92.6. Entrance to lower world through cave. England: *Baughman.

F92.7. F92.7. Hole to underworld kingdom of snakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F93. F93. Water entrance to lower world. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F93.0.1. F93.0.1. Boat to lower world. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F93.0.1.1. F93.0.1.1. Ferryman to lower world. Feilberg Sjжletro 65ff.; Frobenius Erlebte Erdteile VI 278f.--Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Fox 142.

F93.0.2. F93.0.2. Under-water entrance to lower world. *Siuts 54.

F93.0.2.1. F93.0.2.1. Well entrance to lower world. Type 480; *Roberts 140.

F93.1. F93.1. River entrance to lower world. Wimberly 108ff.; Kruyt Het Animisme 357ff., Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1157, IV 196; Frobenius Erdteile III 69, 73, 76.--Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 103, MacCulloch Eddic 320, Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 16; Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Acheron” I 9; Egyptian: Mьller 176; Aztec: Krickeberg Mдrchen der Azteken 146, 215.

F93.1.1. F93.1.1. Dead place net across river to prevent living man from returning to earth. (Cf. F105.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 16.

F93.2. F93.2. Lake entrance to lower world. Africa: Werner African 186.

F94. F94. Stair to lower world. *Siuts 54.

F95. F95. Path to lower world. *Siuts 53; Child V 500 s.v. “Ways”.--Icelandic: Boberg.

F95.0.1. F95.0.1. Path to world of dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

F95.1. F95.1. Path from grave to lower world. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 224 No. 40.

F95.2. F95.2. Broad path to hell. Kachin: Scott Indo-Chinese 265.

F95.3. F95.3. Perilous path to hell. Icelandic: Boberg.

F95.4. F95.4. Path to underworld marked by knots tied in grass by spirits. Maori: Clark 48.

F95.5. F95.5. Tree as roadway to underworld. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 156.

F96. F96. Rope to lower world. *Type 301; *BP II 300ff.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 147.

F98. F98. Descent to lower world on animal.

F98.1. F98.1. Trip to lower world on tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

F100. F100. Visit to lower world--miscellaneous motifs.

F101. F101. Return from lower world. Indonesia: De Vries‘s list Nos 162, 164.

F101.1. F101.1. Return from lower world up steep slope. New Zealand: Dixon 73.

F101.2. F101.2. Return from lower world by being slung by bent tree. New Zealand: Dixon 78.

F101.3. F101.3. Return from lower world on eagle. *Type 301; *BP II 300; Penzer VI 122 n. 2. See references under B322.1, nearly all of which refer to escape from lower world. Indonesia: De Vries Volksverhalen I 161ff. No. 35.

F101.3.1. F101.3.1. Return from lower world on vulture. India: Thompson-Balys.

F101.4. F101.4. Escape from lower world by magic. Thompson CColl II 336ff. (Tehuano, Shuswap).

F101.5. F101.5. Escape from lower world on miraculously growing tree. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F101.6. F101.6. Ascent from lower world on animal. (Cf. F98.).

F101.6.1. F101.6.1. Escape from lower world on bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

F101.6.2. F101.6.2. Escape from lower world on horse of lightning. India: Thompson-Balys.

F101.7. F101.7. Escape from lower world by spider’s thread. India: Thompson-Balys.

F101.8. F101.8. Man returning from hell brings heat with him. Jewish: *Neuman.

F102. F102. Accidental arrival in lower world.

F102.1. F102.1. Hero shoots monster (or animal) and follows it into lower world. *Type 301; *Krappe Balor 100 nn. 22, 23; *De Vries Nederlandsche Tijdschrift voor Volkskunde (1924) 97--123.--Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 163, Dixon 213 n. 12; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99.

F102.2. F102.2. Sound of drum followed into ghost town. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 7, 34.

F102.3. F102.3. Rescued princess leaves her necklace behind in flight; hero returns for it and is left in underworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

F102.4. F102.4. Boy follows nut into lower world. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 226f.

F105. F105. Dead oppose return of living from land of the dead. (Cf. F93.1.1.) Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 596--97, 602, MacCulloch Eddic 321, Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 16.

F106. F106. Youths grind in mill of underworldlings. Fb “male”.

F107. F107. Youths tutored by Vulcan, smith of Hell. Irish myth: Cross.

F108. F108. Nature of underworld inhabitants.

F108.1. F108.1. People in lower world tall as a broom. Chinese: Graham.

F108.2. F108.2. People of lower world come out in the evenings to drink and dance. India: Thompson-Balys.

F109. F109. Visit to lower world--additional motifs.

F109.1. F109.1. Visit to lower world made head first. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 148.

F109.2. F109.2. Hell shown to Jonah by fish. Jewish: Neuman.

F110--F199.

F110--F199. MISCELLANEOUS OTHERWORLDS

F110. F110. Journey to terrestrial otherworlds. *Graf Miti, leggendi e superstizioni de medio evo I 1ff.; Gaster Oldest Stories 51, 168.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F110.1. F110.1. Wonder voyages. **Jacobs Book of Wonder Voyages; *Chauvin VII 77ff.; Ward II 516ff.; Krappe Philological Quarterly XXIII (1944) 97--107.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Japanese: Anesaki 363; Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 183; Africa (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.

F111. F111. Journey to earthly paradise. Land of happiness. (Cf. F132.1.) **Nutt in Meyer Voyage of Bran I 105ff.; Patch *Other World 381 s.v. “paradise”; *Graf La leggenda del paradiso terrestre (Torino, 1878); *BP IV 269 n. 1; Gaster Oldest Stories 48; Norlind Skattsдgner 88ff.; Hartland Science 194, 199, 202; *Loomis White Magic 116.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 145 (Parthenope of Blois); *Celtic: K. Zimmer Brendans Meerfahrt (Zeitschrift fьr deutsche Altertum XXXIII [1889] 129--220, 257--338); Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Tawney I 525; Chinese: Giles 8ff., 397ff.

F111.0.1. F111.0.1. Four earthly paradises. Irish myth: *Cross.

F111.0.2. F111.0.2. Swineherd finds terrestrial paradise while looking for lost sow. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

F111.1. F111.1. Journey to Isle of Laughter. Irish myth: *Cross.

F111.2. F111.2. Voyage to Land of Promise. Irish: Plummer xxxvii, xli, *Cross.

F111.2.1. F111.2.1. Island of Tir Tairngire (Land of Promise) cannot be reached in boat made of “dead soft skins of animals.” Irish myth: Cross.

F111.3. F111.3. Voyage to Land of Lotus Eaters. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 280 n. 2.

F111.4. F111.4. Paradise of the Blessed, a subterranean world. India: Thompson-Balys.

F111.5. F111.5. Land where all creatures are friendly to one another. India: Thompson-Balys.

F111.6. F111.6. Voyage to land without evil. S. A. Indian (Guaranн): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 94.

F112. F112. Journey to Land of Women. Island of women, land of maidens, country of the Amazons, etc. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 624 n. 81, Other World *381 s.v. “maidenland”; Hartland Science 202.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 109, 111; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 390f.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth XXXVI; Marquesas: Handy 56, Beckwith Myth 472, 502; West Indies: Flowers 432.

F112.0.1. F112.0.1. Fairyland (Ireland) inhabited (settled) by women only. Irish myth: *Cross.

F112.0.1.1. F112.0.1.1. Journey to island inhabited by only one (beautiful) woman. Irish myth: *Cross.

F112.0.2. F112.0.2. Separation of sexes in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F112.1. F112.1. Man on Island of Fair Women overcome by loving women. Irish myth: *Cross; Oceanic: Dixon 66, 140, 141 n. 22; N. A. Indian (Assiniboin): Lowie PaAM IV 106 No. 6, (Cree): Skinner PaAM IX 87.

F112.2. F112.2. City of women. (Cf. F566.2.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F113. F113. Land of men. Irish myth: Cross.

F114. F114. Journey inside the earth. Chinese: Graham.

F115. F115. Journey to the Land of the Unborn. Zemmrich Internationales Archiv fьr Ethnologie IV 231. Cf. Maeterlinck’s “L‘Oiseau Bleue”.

F116. F116. Journey to the Land of the Immortals. Type 313*; Irish myth: *Cross.

F116.1. F116.1. Voyage to the Land of Youth. Irish myth: *Cross.

F117. F117. Journey to the Land of the Thunders. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 334 n. 206, (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 69; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 202, 359.

F118. F118. Journey to Mother of Time. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

F121. F121. Journey to world of spirits. India: Thompson-Balys.

F122. F122. Journey to land of giants. Irish myth: Cross (F129.10); Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17; India: Thompson-Balys.

F123. F123. Journey to land of little men (pygmies). Irish myth: Cross; Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17.

F124. F124. Journey to land of demons. India: Thompson-Balys.

F125. F125. Journey to otherworld where people are made whole (cured). Jewish: *Neuman; American Indian: Thompson Tales 349 n. 256; Africa: Werner African 204.

F126. F126. Journey to land without sky: takes whole life. Premature aging. India: Thompson-Balys.

F127. F127. Journey to animal kingdom. Usually underground. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Mackenzie area): Jenness 154; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 348 nn. 252, 253.

F127.1. F127.1. Journey to serpent kingdom.

F127.1.1. F127.1.1. Subterranean palace at bottom of lake belonging to king of serpents. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 390.

F127.2. F127.2. Journey to land of elephants. India: Thompson-Balys.

F127.3. F127.3. Journey to land of crocodiles. India: Thompson-Balys.

F129. F129. Miscellaneous otherworlds. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 141, 1002, II 1369.

F129.1. F129.1. Journey to Land of Men of Heads only. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 273.

F129.2. F129.2. Voyage to Land of Mossynoikoi. (People of topsy-turvy morals.) Greek: Fox 111.

F129.3. F129.3. Voyage to the Land of the Cimmerians. People who dwell amid clouds of gloom and never see sun. Greek: Fox 145.

F129.4. F129.4. Journey to otherworld island. (Cf. F111.1, F112.1, F134.)

F129.4.1. F129.4.1. Journey to Isle of Tears. Irish myth: Cross.

F129.4.2. F129.4.2. Voyage to Isle of Truth. People cannot lie. Irish myth: *Cross.

F129.4.3. F129.4.3. Voyage to Isle of Shape. Visitors become beautiful. Irish myth: Cross.

F129.4.4. F129.4.4. Voyage to Isle of the Dead. Visitors who sleep there die. Irish myth: *Cross.

F129.4.5. F129.4.5. Voyage to Island of Darkness. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 500.

F129.4.6. F129.4.6. Voyage to Island of Silence. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 500.

F129.5. F129.5. Journey to land of no return. India: Thompson-Balys.

F129.5.1. F129.5.1. Hero takes a mare to ride to land of no return: mare has just foaled and brings him back in her anxiety over her foal. India: Thompson-Balys.

F129.6. F129.6. Land where everyone is wise, from the raja on his throne to the beggar in the bazaar. India: Thompson-Balys.

F129.7. F129.7. Journey to land of naked people. India: Thompson-Balys.

F130. F130. Location of otherworld. *Wimberly 121ff.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F130.1. F130.1. Land of India (Greece) as otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F130.2. F130.2. Spain as otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F130.3. F130.3. Ancient Ireland as location of otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F131. F131. Otherworld in hollow mountain. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 612f., Other World *381 s.v. “Mountain”; Wimberly 130.--Irish myth: *Cross; German: Grimm No. 127; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3594.

F131.1. F131.1. Mountain of Venus. Hollow mountain otherworld where men live a life of ease and lustful pleasure in company with beautiful women. **Barto Tannhдuser and the Mountain of Venus; *Patch PMLA XXXIII 612f.; *Meyer Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 1ff.; Bockel Alemannia XIII (1885) 142; *Norlind Skattsдgner 88ff.--Icelandic: Boberg.

F131.1.1. F131.1.1. Mountain of fair-haired women. Irish myth: Cross.

F132. F132. Otherworld on lofty mountain. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 606ff., Other World *381 s.v. “mountain, on the”; Wimberly 132.

F132.0.1. F132.0.1. Otherworld visible from high mountain. Patch PMLA XXXIII 615.

F132.1. F132.1. Earthly paradise on mountain. (Cf. F111.) Patch PMLA XXXIII 618 n. 57.

F132.1.1. F132.1.1. Earthly paradise in air over mountain. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 76.

F132.2. F132.2. Dwelling of Fortune on lofty mountain. Patch PMLA XXXIII 609ff., Fortuna 132ff.--India: Thompson-Balys.

F133. F133. Submarine otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 627 n. 92, Other World *380 s.v. “Land-beneath-the-waves”; Wimberly 134; Ward II 525; Chauvin V 151 No. 73; Penzer VI 280; Smith Dragon 109.--Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Campbell Tales III 420; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 112f.; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 636; Breton: *Le Braz Lйgende de la Mort II 37ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Slavic: Mбchal 270; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 69; Maori: Clark III; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 7; Africa: Werner African 188, 206, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 39 No. 4, (Basuto): Jacottet 122 No. 17, 204 No. 30, 224 No. 33.

F133.1. F133.1. Marine counterpart to land. All that exists on earth has its parallel in the sea. *Chauvin VII 54 No. 241 B n. 1.--Irish myth: *Cross; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 636.

F133.2. F133.2. Empty under-water house. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 81.

F133.3. F133.3. Submarine monastery. (Cf. F725.6.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F133.4. F133.4. Otherworld at bottom of pond. German: Grimm No. 181.

F133.5. F133.5. Otherworld at bottom of well. *Type 480.

F134. F134. Otherworld on island. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 628f. nn. 93--96, Other World 379 s.v. “island”.--Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 55, Beal XXI 321; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 72, 79; Samoa, Fiji: ibid. 76.

F134.0.1. F134.0.1. Series of otherworld islands. Irish myth: *Cross.

F134.1. F134.1. Hebrides, Isle of Man (Falga) as otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F134.2. F134.2. Otherworld island disappears leaving voyagers in boat at sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F134.3. F134.3. Otherworld island divided into four parts. Irish myth: Cross.

F134.4. F134.4. Divine swans are on an inaccessible island in middle of seven seas. India: Thompson-Balys.

F135. F135. Bruidhen (banqueting-hall) as otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F136. F136. Direction of otherworld. Jewish: Neuman.

F136.1. F136.1. Otherworld in east. Jewish: Neuman; Marshall Islands: Davenport 223.

F136.2. F136.2. Otherworld in west. Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 79.

F136.3. F136.3. Otherworld in northwest. Jewish: Neuman.

F137. F137. Distance of otherworld. *Siuts 19ff.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F140. F140. Bounds of the otherworld. *Siuts 44.

F140.1. F140.1. Guardian of spirit-land boundary. Maori: Clark 135.

F141. F141. Water barrier to otherworld. Wimberly 110.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F141.0.1. F141.0.1. Otherworld beyond water confused with otherworld under water. Irish myth: *Cross.

F141.0.2. F141.0.2. Otherworld beyond water confused with otherworld under hill. Irish myth: *Cross.

F141.1. F141.1. River as barrier to otherworld. (Cf. F162.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F141.1.1. F141.1.1. Perilous river as barrier to otherworld. (Cf. F767.1.) *Patch PMLA XXXIII 630, 638ff.; Alphabet No. 603.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 78, III 165; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 140; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 245 No. 1.

F141.1.2. F141.1.2. River that cannot be crossed by mortals. Hindu: Penzer II 15.

F141.1.3. F141.1.3. River between the realms of giants and gods never freezes. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 276.

F141.2. F141.2. Mist as barrier to otherworld. Patch XXXIII 627 n. 91.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F141.2.1. F141.2.1. Storm (snow, hail) as barrier to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F141.3. F141.3. Waves form high wall around otherworld isle. Irish myth: Cross.

F141.4. F141.4. Waterfall as barrier to otherworld. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 95.

F142. F142. River of fire as barrier to otherworld. (Cf. A671.2.2.3.) Patch PMLA XXXIII 638f.; Krappe Archiv fьr das Studium der neueren Sprachen (1937) 172ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F143. F143. Wood at borders of otherworld. *Siuts 30ff.; MLN XXXIV 321; Irish: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 245 No. 1.

F144. F144. Plain (field) at borders of otherworld. *Siuts 36ff.

F144.1. F144.1. Forked glen full of toads, lions on way to otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F145. F145. Mountain at borders of otherworld. *Siuts 42ff.; Patch Other World 381 s.v. “mountain”; Gaster Thespis 184f.; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

F145.1. F145.1. Glass mountain at borders of otherworld. Mountain is extremely slippery. *Siuts 43; Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30, Other World 381 s.v. “mountain.”

F147. F147. Houses at border of otherworld. (Cf. F163.3.) *Siuts 44ff.

F147.1. F147.1. Tenantless houses at border of otherworld. *Siuts 44f.

F147.2. F147.2. Hermit’s hut at border of otherworld. *Siuts 45.

F147.3. F147.3. Witch‘s house at border of otherworld. *Siuts 45.

F147.4. F147.4. Inn at border of otherworld. *Siuts 46.

F148. F148. Wall around otherworld. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 209a s.v. “Baum bewacht”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

F148.1. F148.1. Fiery rampart revolves around otherworld isle. Irish myth: *Cross.

F148.2. F148.2. Wall of silver around otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F148.3. F148.3. Otherworld surrounded by palisade of gold and silver. Irish myth: Cross.

F148.4. F148.4. Palisade of bronze around otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F148.5. F148.5. Otherworld surrounded by seven walls and locks of iron and doors of iron. Irish myth: *Cross.

F149. F149. Bounds of the otherworld--miscellaneous.

F149.1. F149.1. Stone barrier to otherworld. (Cf. F150.3.2.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 95, III 165, Rink 461.

F150. F150. Access to otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F150.1. F150.1. Way to otherworld hard to find. Siuts 29; English: Gawain and the Green Knight; Chinese: Graham.

F150.2. F150.2. Entrance to other world guarded by monsters (or animals). Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Babylonian: Spence 171; Jewish: *Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 47, 74, 80, Rasmussen I 81.

F150.2.1. F150.2.1. Entrance to otherworld guarded by giant (champion). Irish myth: *Cross.

F150.2.2. F150.2.2. Entrance to otherworld guarded by spirits. Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 37.

F150.2.3. F150.2.3. Entrance to otherworld guarded by north and south winds. Tonga: Gifford 171.

F150.3. F150.3. Challenge at entrance of otherworld. The adventurer challenges or is challenged. Irish myth: *Cross.

F150.3.1. F150.3.1. Shield hung on pole in front of otherworld palace as signal that adventurer must fight with owner. Irish myth: Cross.

F150.3.2. F150.3.2. Standing stone surrounded by withe as challenge at entrance of otherworld. (Cf. F149.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F151. F151. Road to otherworld. Siuts 29f.--Irish myth: Cross.

F151.0.1. F151.0.1. Hospitable host entertains (guides, advises) adventurer on way to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F151.1. F151.1. Perilous path to otherworld. Patch Other World 382 s.v. “path”; Irish myth: *Cross; N. A. Indian: Alexander N. Am. 147, 164, 273 n. 8, (California): Gayton and Newman 101; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 78, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 586.

F151.1.1. F151.1.1. Perilous valley. Irish myth: *Cross.

F151.1.2. F151.1.2. Perilous glen on way to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F151.1.3. F151.1.3. Perilous forest on way to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F151.1.4. F151.1.4. Perilous ford on way to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F151.1.5. F151.1.5. Place in underworld beyond which hero cannot pass without being tatooed. Maori: Clark 136.

F151.1.6. F151.1.6. Path to otherworld over sharp rocks. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 186, Rink 326.

F151.2. F151.2. Mountain pass to otherworld. Africa: Bourhill and Drake 237ff. No. 20.

F152. F152. Bridge to otherworld. *Type 471; Encyc. Rel. Ethics II 852ff.; Patch PMLA XXXIII 630ff., Other World 374 s.v. “bridge”; Ward II 399, 441; Rуheim Animism 39ff.; Fb “bro” IV 62b; Darmesteter Sacred Books of the East IV 212f.; Alphabet No. 603.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 130, 305; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 488ff.; Melanesia: Codrington 257; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153; N. A. Indian: Brinton Myths of the New World (New York, 1868) 248, (Menomini): Skinner PaAM XIII 86.

F152.0.1. F152.0.1. Bridge to otherworld guarded by animals. Patch PMLA XXXIII 635ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F152.1. F152.1. Materials of bridge to otherworld.

F152.1.1. F152.1.1. Rainbow bridge to otherworld. Fb “regnbue” III 32a; RTP VI 361, X 596; Mйlusine II 16; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 329; Celebes: Dixon 156; Hawaii, Indonesia: ibid. 67, Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 38, 321; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 333 n. 204a.

F152.1.2. F152.1.2. Bridge of sunbeams to otherworld. (Cf. F154.) Wimberly 114; Patch Other World 248, 254.

F152.1.3. F152.1.3. Golden bridge to otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 639 n. 130, Other World 374 s.v. “bridge.”

F152.1.4. F152.1.4. Glass bridge to otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 636 n. 118, Other World 125f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F152.1.5. F152.1.5. Rope bridge to otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 636 n. 118.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F152.1.6. F152.1.6. Sword bridge to otherworld. Hibbard Romanic Review IX (1913) 166; Patch PMLA XXXIII 635ff., Other World 374 s.v. “bridge”; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 197.

F152.1.6.1. F152.1.6.1. Bridge to otherworld covered with knives. BP III 43; Von Hegelein Zs. f. Vksk. XI 150 n. 2.

F152.1.7. F152.1.7. Bridge of thread on way to world of dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

F152.1.8. F152.1.8. Aurora as bridge to otherworld. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153.

F152.2. F152.2. Slamming drawbridge to otherworld. Slams as hero leaves and (almost) injures him. He has failed to do the one compulsory thing. (Percival.) *Krappe Balor 106ff.; Patch Otherworld 204f., 319 n. 64.

F153. F153. Otherworld reached by diving into water (of well or lake). *Brown Iwain 76; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 148; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1301).

F153.1. F153.1. Underground channel to otherworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

F154. F154. Path to sun on sun’s rays (eyelashes). (Cf. F152.1.2.) N. A. Indian (Bella Coola): Boas JE I 83.

F155. F155. Journey to otherworld by clinging magically to an object. *Brown Iwain 110 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F156. F156. Door to otherworld. (Cf. F91.) Patch Other World 377 s.v. “gate”; Irish myth: *Cross.

F156.1. F156.1. Door to otherworld island sounds sleep-bringing music. Irish myth: Cross.

F156.2. F156.2. Door to otherworld island in supporting pedestal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F156.3. F156.3. Perilous revolving wheel at entrance to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F156.4. F156.4. Slamming (falling) door to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F156.5. F156.5. Eleven portals to otherworld. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 46.

F157. F157. Journey to otherworld in boat. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F157.1. F157.1. Journey to otherworld in crystal (glass) boat. Irish myth: *Cross.

F158. F158. Pit entrance to otherworld. (Cf. F92.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F159. F159. Other means to reach the otherworld.

F159.1. F159.1. Otherworld reached by hunting animal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F159.2. F159.2. Journey to otherworld on horseback. Irish myth: *Cross.

F159.3. F159.3. Wheel (apple) to be followed to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F159.4. F159.4. Demon guide on otherworld journey. India: Thompson-Balys.

F160. F160. Nature of the otherworld. Wimberly 139ff.--Irish myth: *Cross, Beal XXI 329; Jewish: Neuman.

F160.0.1. F160.0.1. Otherworld overseas confused with otherworld underground. Irish myth: Cross.

F160.0.1.1. F160.0.1.1. Otherworld overseas confused with otherworld under water. Irish myth: Cross.

F160.0.2. F160.0.2. Fairy otherworld confused with land of the dead. (Cf. A671.0.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F160.0.3. F160.0.3. Pagan otherworld identified with Christian paradise (heaven). (Cf. A694.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F160.1. F160.1. Otherworld as great plain. (Cf. A663.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F160.2. F160.2. Otherworld as valley. Irish myth: Cross.

F161. F161. Weather in otherworld.

F161.1. F161.1. Perpetual summer in otherworld. No storms. Patch PMLA XXXIII 606; Irish myth: *Cross.

F161.1.1. F161.1.1. Summer in otherworld when it is winter in world of mortals. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162. F162. Landscape of otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.0.1. F162.0.1. Objects of crystal in otherworld. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 606 n. 11, 610 n. 30, Other World 375 s.v. “crystal”.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.0.1.1. F162.0.1.1. Island of glass in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.0.1.2. F162.0.1.2. (Luminous) precious stones in otherworld (dwelling). (Cf. A661.0.7.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.1. F162.1. Garden in otherworld. Patch Other World 377 s.v. “garden”; *Siuts 68ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F162.1.1. F162.1.1. Everblooming garden in otherworld. *Wimberly 148; Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.1.2. F162.1.2. Contrasting qualities found in otherworld garden.

F162.1.2.1. F162.1.2.1. Sweet and bitter fountain in otherworld garden. Patch PMLA XXXIII 620 n. 65, Other World 266; Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.1.2.2. F162.1.2.2. Cool and boiling fountain in otherworld garden. (Cf. F162.8.) Patch PMLA XXXIII 620 n. 65, Other World 133, 144, 177.

F162.1.2.3. F162.1.2.3. Objects on one side of palisade in otherworld garden black, on other white. Patch PMLA XXXIII 620 n. 65.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.1.2.4. F162.1.2.4. Tree half green and half in flame in otherworld garden. Patch PMLA XXXIII 620 n. 65.

F162.1.2.5. F162.1.2.5. Island in otherworld garden inhabited half by dead and half by living. Patch PMLA XXXIII 620 n. 65.

F162.1.3. F162.1.3. Trees bloom, others bear concurrently in otherworld garden. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.1.3.1. F162.1.3.1. All-yielding tree in otherworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

F162.2. F162.2. Rivers in otherworld. (Cf. A671.2.2.6, F141.1.) Patch PMLA XXXIII 621ff., Other World 382f. s.v. “river”; Gaster Oldest Stories 50, Thespis 171; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 321.

F162.2.1. F162.2.1. The four rivers of Paradise. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 622, Other World 383 s.v. “rivers, four”; Albright Am. Jour. Semitic Languages XXXIX 40ff.; Gaster Thespis 171.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 359.

F162.2.2. F162.2.2. Rivers of wine in otherworld. Wimberly 159; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F162.2.3. F162.2.3. Rivers of honey in otherworld. Wimberly 159; Gaster Thespis 200f., Oldest Stories 233; Africa (Hausa): Werner African 141 (milk and honey).

F162.2.4. F162.2.4. Rivers of mead in otherworld. Wimberly 159.

F162.2.5. F162.2.5. Rivers of balsam and attar in otherworld. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 621 n. 70; Irish: Beal XXI 319, O‘Suilleabhain 52; Jewish: *Neuman.

F162.2.6. F162.2.6. Rivers of oil, milk, wine, and honey in otherworld. *Patch PMLA XXXIII 623 n. 78; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F162.2.7. F162.2.7. Thirteen rivers of balm in otherworld. Gaster Exempla 219 No. 154 (153).

F162.2.8. F162.2.8. River in paradise with terrible roar. Robs people of hearing. *Hertz Abhandlungen 86 n. 1.

F162.2.9. F162.2.9. Flowing stream forms arc over otherworld isle. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.2.10. F162.2.10. Jewels in streams of otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.2.11. F162.2.11. Perilous river in otherworld. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 918.

F162.2.12. F162.2.12. River in underworld from tears of living. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 488.

F162.2.13. F162.2.13. Underworld river from blood of sick mortals. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 24.

F162.3. F162.3. Tree in otherworld. (Cf. F162.1.2.4, F162.1.2.5, F162.1.3.) Patch PMLA XXXIII 624, Other World 384 s.v. “tree”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 286; Tonga: Gifford 149.

F162.3.0.1. F162.3.0.1. Marvelous tree grown from otherworld fruit. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.3.1. F162.3.1. Tree of Life in otherworld. Nourishes mankind. Patch PMLA XXXIII 625 n. 83, Other World 385 s.v. “Tree of Life”; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Penzer I 8 n., 144.

F162.3.2. F162.3.2. Wishing-tree in otherworld. Penzer I 8 n., 144.

F162.3.3. F162.3.3. Tree in otherworld in perpetual fruit. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 355.

F162.3.4. F162.3.4. Magic apple tree in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.3.4.1. F162.3.4.1. Magic apples (trees) under the sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.3.5. F162.3.5. Tree of knowledge of good and evil in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F162.3.6. F162.3.6. Tree with golden top in otherworld. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 33.

F162.4. F162.4. Sea of glass in otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.4.1. F162.4.1. Sea of ice in otherworld. Jewish: Neuman.

F162.5. F162.5. Wells in otherworld. Patch Other World 386 s.v. “well”.

F162.5.1. F162.5.1. Well (of wine) in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.5.2. F162.5.2. Head in otherworld well emits stream of water from mouth. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.5.3. F162.5.3. Well containing “salmon of knowledge” in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.6. F162.6. Lakes in otherworld. Patch Other World 380 s.v. “lake”; German: Grimm No. 133.

F162.6.1. F162.6.1. Lake of fire in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.6.2. F162.6.2. Lake with water of life in otherworld. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 492; Maori: Clark 182.

F162.7. F162.7. Rainbow of honey appears regularly in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.8. F162.8. Magic fountain in otherworld. (Cf. F162.1.2.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.8.1. F162.8.1. Fountain of any temperature desired in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.8.2. F162.8.2. Fountains in otherworld--one or more streams flow into each, one or more out. Irish myth: Cross.

F162.8.3. F162.8.3. Musical fountain in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F162.9. F162.9. Mountains in otherworld. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 19; Marquesas: Handy 119.

F163. F163. Buildings in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F163.1. F163.1. Castle in otherworld. Patch Other World 375 s.v. “castle”; Siuts 58ff.; Dickson 94 n. 76; Irish myth: *Cross.

F163.1.1. F163.1.1. Revolving castle in otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 617 n. 54.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F163.1.2. F163.1.2. Golden castle in otherworld. Wimberly 146; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F163.1.3. F163.1.3. Castles thatched with golden shields in otherworld. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. II, XVII, MacCulloch Eddic 329 (Valhalla and Gimlй), Boberg.

F163.1.4. F163.1.4. Castles of gold and silver in otherworld. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 71 (Glitnir), Snorra Edda Gylf. XVII (Breidablik), Boberg.

F163.1.5. F163.1.5. Castles thatched with silver in otherworld. (Cf. F163.3.2.) Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. XVII, MacCulloch Eddic 329 (Valaskjalf and Hlidskjalf), Boberg.

F163.2. F163.2. Church (chapel) in otherworld. Siuts 62.--English: Gawayne and the Green Knight.

F163.2.1. F163.2.1. Temple in otherworld. Jewish: Neuman.

F163.2.1.1. F163.2.1.1. Temple of jewels in otherworld. Jewish: Neuman.

F163.2.2. F163.2.2. Fiery temple in otherworld: Jewish: Neuman.

F163.3. F163.3. House in otherworld. (Cf. F147.) Siuts 63ff.

F163.3.1. F163.3.1. House of gold and crystal in otherworld. (Cf. F169.2.) Wimberly 146; Irish myth: *Cross.

F163.3.2. F163.3.2. House of silver in otherworld. (Cf. F163.1.5.) Irish myth: *Cross; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F163.3.2.1. F163.3.2.1. House in underworld lined with human eyes. Tonga: Gifford 168.

F163.3.2.2. F163.3.2.2. House in underworld made of bones of dead. Tonga: Gifford 171.

F163.4. F163.4. Gigantic mill in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F163.5. F163.5. Fortress in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F163.5.1. F163.5.1. Fortress of metal (gold, silver, etc.) in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F163.6. F163.6. Stronghold in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F163.7. F163.7. Tower in otherworld. Patch Other World 384 s.v. “tower”.

F163.7.1. F163.7.1. Tower hanging in the air in the otherworld. (Cf. H1036.) Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 33, *Boberg.

F164. F164. Habitable caves and mounds in otherworld. Siuts 65ff.; Patch Other World 375 s.v. “cave”.

F165. F165. Characteristics of otherworld dwellings.

F165.1. F165.1. Doors in otherworld. Siuts 70ff.; Patch Other World 376 s.v. “doors”; Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.1.0.1. F165.1.0.1. One hundred doors in palace of otherworld king. Irish myth: Cross.

F165.1.0.2. F165.1.0.2. Magic revolving wheel at door of otherworld dun (stronghold). Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.1.1. F165.1.1. Doors of gold (crystal) in otherworld dwelling. Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.2. F165.2. Otherworld dwellings open only at certain times. Siuts 73f.

F165.3. F165.3. Rooms in otherworld dwellings. Siuts 74ff.

F165.3.1. F165.3.1. Hall of glass in otherworld. Jewish: Neuman.

F165.3.1.1. F165.3.1.1. Chamber with crystal ceiling in otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30.

F165.3.2. F165.3.2. Jewelled walls in otherworld dwelling. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F165.3.3. F165.3.3. Floors of silver in otherworld dwelling. Irish myth: Cross.

F165.3.4. F165.3.4. Wattling of silver in otherworld dwelling. Irish myth: Cross.

F165.3.5. F165.3.5. Windows in otherworld. (Cf. A661.0.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

F165.3.5.1. F165.3.5.1. Crystal bower with “bright windows” as otherworld dwelling. Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.4. F165.4. Table always set in otherworld dwellings. Siuts 79.

F165.5. F165.5. House in otherworld thatched with wings of birds. Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.6. F165.6. Only joy felt in otherworld dwelling. Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.6.1. F165.6.1. Otherworld (fairyland) as place of sorrowful captivity. Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.7. F165.7. Fire in otherworld dwelling. Irish myth: Cross.

F165.7.1. F165.7.1. Four columns around fire in otherworld castle. Irish myth: *Cross.

F165.8. F165.8. Copper-colored house in lower world. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F166. F166. Furniture and objects in the otherworld. Siuts 83.

F166.0.1. F166.0.1. All furniture and objects in otherworld of gold. Jewish: *Neuman.

F166.1. F166.1. Treasure and jewels in otherworld. Siuts 83ff.; Patch Other World 379 s.v. “jewels”; Jewish: *Neuman.

F166.1.1. F166.1.1. “Silver Bowl” (Grail) in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F166.2. F166.2. Gold-producing spring in otherworld. Siuts 85f.

F166.3. F166.3. Extraordinary clothes in otherworld. Siuts 86f.

F166.3.1. F166.3.1. Otherworld clothing never wears out. Irish myth: *Cross.

F166.4. F166.4. Magic objects in otherworld. Siuts 89ff.

F166.4.1. F166.4.1. King‘s crown in well in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F166.4.2. F166.4.2. Magic cauldron (vessel) in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F166.5. F166.5. Altar in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F166.6. F166.6. Thrones in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F166.7. F166.7. Curtains in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F166.8. F166.8. Beds in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F166.9. F166.9. Canopies in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F166.10. F166.10. Tables in otherworld. Jewish: Neuman.

F166.11. F166.11. Abundant food in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F167. F167. Inhabitants of otherworld. *Siuts 107ff.

F167.1. F167.1. Animals in otherworld. Siuts 107ff.; Patch Other World 373 s.v. “animals”; Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 55, Beal XXI 321.

F167.1.1. F167.1.1. Beasts in otherworld.

F167.1.1.1. F167.1.1.1. Dogs in otherworld. (Cf. A673.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1032.

F167.1.2. F167.1.2. Birds in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F167.1.2.1. F167.1.2.1. Otherworld islands of birds. Irish myth: *Cross.

F167.1.3. F167.1.3. Insects in otherworld.

F167.1.3.1. F167.1.3.1. Bees in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F167.1.4. F167.1.4. Other animals in otherworld.

F167.1.4.1. F167.1.4.1. Giant clams in otherworld. Tonga: Gifford 169.

F167.2. F167.2. Dwarfs in otherworld. (Cf. F451.) Siuts 153ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

F167.3. F167.3. Giants in otherworld. (Cf. F531.) Siuts 161ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F167.4. F167.4. People in otherworld walk on their heads. Jewish: *Neuman.

F167.4.1. F167.4.1. People in otherworld stand on their heads and pound yams with their heads. Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 245 No. 1.

F167.5. F167.5. Headless people in otherworld. Siuts 218.

F167.6. F167.6. Handless people in otherworld. Siuts 218.

F167.7. F167.7. Footless people in otherworld. Siuts 218.

F167.8. F167.8. Otherworld people unacquainted with fire. Polynesian: Dixon 72, 78; Africa (Wachaga): Werner African 137.

F167.9. F167.9. Otherworld people ever young, ever beautiful. Irish myth: *Cross.

F167.9.1. F167.9.1. Otherworld people rejuvenated on reaching old age. S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

F167.10. F167.10. No carnal sin in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F167.11. F167.11. Monstrous creatures in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F167.11.1. F167.11.1. Serpents (monsters) in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross

F167.11.2. F167.11.2. Hogs with bath of molten lead (iron) in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F167.12. F167.12. King of otherworld. Icelandic: Boberg.

F167.12.1. F167.12.1. Mortal marries king of otherworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

F167.13. F167.13. Angels in otherworld. (Cf. V230.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F167.14. F167.14. Otherworld inhabitants segregated. Jewish: *Neuman.

F167.14.1. F167.14.1. Portion of otherworld for women. Jewish: *Neuman.

F167.15. F167.15. Great tattooer in otherworld. Maori: Clark 136.

F167.16. F167.16. Beings born in otherworld suffer from excessive heat. Buddhist. myth: Malalasekera II 794.

F168. F168. Villages in otherworld. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 154.

F169. F169. Nature of the otherworld--miscellaneous.

F169.1. F169.1. Pillars of silver and glass in otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30, Other World 382 s.v. “pillar”, Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F169.1.1. F169.1.1. Pillars of bronze in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F169.1.2. F169.1.2. Pillars of gold in otherworld. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 71.

F169.1.3. F169.1.3. Four-sided silver column on otherworld island. Irish myth: Cross.

F169.2. F169.2. Walls of crystal in otherworld. (Cf. F163.3.1.) Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30, Other World 386 s.v. “wall”; Jewish: *Neuman.

F169.3. F169.3. Ship of glass in otherworld. Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30.

F169.4. F169.4. Silver fishnet in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F169.5. F169.5. Fence of metal or crystal in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F169.6. F169.6. Gold chain as support in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F169.7. F169.7. Coldness of otherworld.

F169.7.1. F169.7.1. Fire in otherworld makes one feel colder. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 42, 45.

F169.8. F169.8. Abundance in otherworld. Greek: Grote I 62; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 46.

F169.9. F169.9. Pleasant fragrance in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F170. F170. Otherworld--miscellaneous motifs.

F171. F171. Extraordinary sights in otherworld. *Types 470, 471; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 489f; India: Thompson-Balys.

F171.0.1. F171.0.1. Enigmatic happenings in otherworld, which are later explained. Type 471; *Oertel Studien zur vgl. Literaturgeschichte VIII 123; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 173 (to Gonzenbach No. 88); Bolte ibid. XVI 460.--Irish: O’Suilleabhain 54, 57, Beal XXI 321f.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *472; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F171.1. F171.1. Fat and lean kine in otherworld. *Types 470, 471; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 52, Beal XXI 319.

F171.2. F171.2. Broad and narrow road in otherworld. *Type 470; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 63, Beal XXI 324.

F171.3. F171.3. People and things that strike one another in otherworld. Type 470.

F171.4. F171.4. Fighting animals seen in otherworld. Rams and she-goats or wild boars. *Type 471; *Brown Iwain 71ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “boucs”.

F171.5. F171.5. Animals in otherworld pass in and out of church and become human beings. Type 471.

F171.6. F171.6. Mysterious punishments in otherworld. *BP III 302; Ovid Metamorphoses IV lines 457--463.

F171.6.1. F171.6.1. Man in otherworld loaded down with wood. Then more and more put on him. *Type 801; *BP III 302; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 55, Beal XXI 321.

F171.6.2. F171.6.2. People in otherworld pour water into tub full of holes. *Type 801; BP III 297ff., 303.

F171.6.3. F171.6.3. Trying to get a beam through a door crosswise in otherworld. *Type 801; BP III 303.

F171.6.4. F171.6.4. People in otherworld with horses both before and behind wagon. They pull against each other. *Type 801; BP III 303.

F171.6.5. F171.6.5. Man in otherworld kindles fire. It burns out repeatedly while he is gathering more wood. Irish myth: *Cross.

F171.6.6. F171.6.6. People in otherworld thatch house with birds’ wings. Thatch blows away while they go for more. Irish myth: *Cross.

F171.7. F171.7. Unseen hands lave feet in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F171.8. F171.8. Demon eats sand; gambler lives wretched life in otherworld. India: Thompson-Balys.

F172. F172. No time, no birth, no death in otherworld. Hartland Science 194.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F172.1. F172.1. No gloom, no envy, etc. in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F173. F173. Otherworld land of happiness. (Cf. F165.6, F167.9, F169.8.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F173.1. F173.1. Otherworld land of pleasure. Irish myth: *Cross.

F173.2. F173.2. Otherworld land of peace. Irish myth: *Cross.

F173.3. F173.3. Perpetual feasts in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F174. F174. Hero carried off to otherworld by his supernatural wives. India: Thompson-Balys.

F174.1. F174.1. Hero forces otherworld person‘s wife to tell him way to otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross (F174.2.).

F175. F175. Magic music lures to otherworld journey. Irish myth: Cross.

F176. F176. Hero fights in otherworld and overcomes king (queen), or fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

F176.1. F176.1. Hero fights giants who ruin fairyland. Irish myth: Cross.

F177. F177. “Heavenly Academy” in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F177.1. F177.1. Court in otherworld. Jewish: *Neuman.

F178. F178. Colors of the otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F178.1. F178.1. Red as otherworld color. Irish myth: *Cross.

F178.2. F178.2. Green as otherworld color. Irish myth: Cross.

F181. F181. Lovemaking in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F182. F182. Mortals held by magic in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F183. F183. Foods in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F183.1. F183.1. Automatic service in otherworld: any sort of food desired furnished. Irish myth: Cross.

F184. F184. Otherworld king. Irish myth: Cross.

F184.1. F184.1. Wounded otherworld king in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

F185. F185. Otherworld queen. Irish myth: Cross.

F199. F199. Additional otherworld motifs.

F200--F699.

F200--F699. MARVELOUS CREATURES

F200--F399.

F200--F399. FAIRIES AND ELVES

F200. F200. Fairies (elves). See also F420 (Water Spirits), F451 (Dwarfs) and F460 (Mountain Spirits) for many common motifs. **Hartland Science; Brueyre RTP II 74ff.; *Wehrhan Die Sage 74; Doudou RTP XVII 425ff.; Feilberg’s MS collection of cards in Copenhagen Nos. 632--925, cf. Ellekilde FFC LXXXV 78 s.v. “Elb” (alf); **Latham The Elizabethan Fairies (New York, 1931); Puckett MPh XVI (1918) 297ff.; De Vries Nederlandsche Tijdschrift voor Volkskunde XXXVI (1931) 3--30; Fb “underjordiske”; Saintyves Contes de Perrault 18, *19.--Irish myth: Cross; Celtic: *H. Schreiber Die Feen in Europa (Freiburg i. Br., 1842), *W. Wentz Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries (Rennes, 1909.); Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 43--45 Nos. 37--40, 41--49, 52--54; Icelandic: *Boberg; *Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 48ff.; Lithuanian: *Balys Die Sagen von den litauischen Feen (Die Nachbarn [Gцttingen, 1948] I 31--71); Germanic: MacCulloch Eddic 219ff.; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 13; Armenian: Ananikian 83; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 564; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 326, 328; N. A. Indian: *Alexander N. Am. 68, 290 n. 36; Africa: Werner African 261, (Ibo [Nigeria]): Basden 278, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 141 No. 27.

F200.1. F200.1. Pixies (little people unseen but often audible and occasionally caught). India: Thompson-Balys.

F201. F201. Bongas. Roughly equivalent to fairies. Generally malevolent, but often not. India: Thompson-Balys.

F205. F205. Little people from the sky. (Cf. F215.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 326--333.

F210. F210. Fairyland. *Hartland Science 135ff.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F210.1. F210.1. Tabu: fighting battle in fairyland. Irish myth: Cross.

F211. F211. Fairyland under hollow knoll. Usually entered under roots of trees. Fb “trж” III 866b; Hartland Science 67, 108, 144ff., 155; Patch PMLA XXXIII 612f.--Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 49, Macdougall and Calder 133, 159, 163, 169, 181, 193, 207, 273, 283; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3600; German: Grimm Nr. 39; Germanic: De la Saussaye 322; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 10.

F211.0.1. F211.0.1. Prehistoric burial mounds as dwellings of fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F211.0.2. F211.0.2. Contrast between people of the fairy mounds and inhabitants of the Land of Promise. Irish myth: *Cross.

F211.0.2.1. F211.0.2.1. Tuatha Dй Danann, conquerors of Ireland, are overcome by invaders. (Maic Milid, “Milesians,” Gaels) and betake themselves into hills. Irish myth: *Cross.

F211.1. F211.1. Entrance to fairyland through door in knoll. Hartland Science 61; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales: Baughman; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 133, 283.

F211.1.1. F211.1.1. Door to fairyland opens once a year. Hartland Science 136.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F211.1.1.1. F211.1.1.1. Fairies emerge on Hallowe‘en. Irish myth: *Cross.

F211.1.1.2. F211.1.1.2. Fairies emerge on St. John’s night. Irish myth: *Cross.

F211.2. F211.2. Fairyland entrance under stone. Hartland Science 184; Fb “sten” III 552b.

F211.3. F211.3. Fairies live under earth. Icelandic: Boberg.

F212. F212. Fairyland under water. Krappe Le lac enchantй (Bulletin Hispanique XXXV 107--125); *Cross MPh XIII 731; Irish myth: *Cross, Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

F212.0.1. F212.0.1. Water fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F212.1. F212.1. Fairyland entered through well. Hartland Science 128.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F213. F213. Fairyland on island. Hartland Science 136.--Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F213.1. F213.1. Magic boat to fairyland. Clouston Tales I 218ff.; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIII 97ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F213.2. F213.2. Fairies ferried across stream. Meyer Germanische 134; Henne-Am Rhyn Die deutsche Volkssage 2 348 No. 541; Ranke Die deutsche Sage IV 279; Grimm Deutsche Sagen No. 276; Grimm Deutsche Mythologie 3 694.

F213.3. F213.3. Sea-riding horse carries mortals to fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F214. F214. Trolls (fairies) live in range of hills. Hartland Science 141.

F215. F215. Fairies live in star-world. (Cf. F205.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F215.1. F215.1. Fairyland in sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

F215.1.1. F215.1.1. Fairies in heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

F215.2. F215.2. Peris in sky-world. India: Thompson-Balys.

F216. F216. Fairies live in forest. Wimberly 127.

F216.1. F216.1. Fairies live in trees by stream. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241a; India: Thompson-Balys.

F216.2. F216.2. Bonga lives in tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

F217. F217. Congregating places of fairies. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 49 No. 397.

F217.1. F217.1. Fairy lights seen in low places. Fb “lys” II 481a.

F217.2. F217.2. Fairies assemble at milestone. Fb “mile” II 591.

F217.3. F217.3. Fairies assemble at cross-roads. Hartland Science 138.

F219. F219. Other dwelling places of fairies.

F219.1. F219.1. Fairies dwell in the next country. England: *Baughman.

F219.2. F219.2. Garden in fairyland. India: Thompson-Balys.

F219.3. F219.3. Fairies dwell in land to the east. Maori: Clark 98.

F220. F220. Dwelling of fairies.

F221. F221. House of fairy. Missouri French: Carriиre.

F221.1. F221.1. Fairy house disappears at dawn. Irish myth: *Cross. Cf. Boberg.

F221.2. F221.2. Bonga house filled with snakes, tigers, and lions. India: Thompson-Balys.

F221.3. F221.3. Fairies have a pretty room in hill. Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 276; Feilberg DF V 71.

F221.4. F221.4. Fairy family lives in neat cottage. England: Baughman.

F221.5. F221.5. Fairy house without doors. India: Thompson-Balys.

F222. F222. Fairy castle. Dickson 114 n. 34.--English: Wells 128 (Sir Orfeo); Irish myth: *Cross; Ireland, Wales: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nr. 3600.

F222.1. F222.1. Fairies‘ underground palace. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 10.

F222.1.1. F222.1.1. Fairies’ underground palace cannot be burned by fire nor destroyed by water. Irish myth: *Cross.

F222.2. F222.2. Fairy stronghold. Irish myth: Cross.

F222.3. F222.3. Fairy castle of glass. India: Thompson-Balys.

F223. F223. Fairy hall. Hartland Science 41.

F224. F224. Shining bower on a pillar for fйe in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F225. F225. Fairy lives in a shell. India: Thompson-Balys.

F230. F230. Appearance of fairies.

F231. F231. Fairy‘s limbs.

F231.1. F231.1. Fairy’s arms.

F231.1.1. F231.1.1. Fairy‘s iron arms. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bras”.

F231.2. F231.2. Fairy’s feet.

F231.2.1. F231.2.1. Fairies with bird feet. *Gaster Germania XXV 290ff.

F232. F232. Body of fairy. Irish: Beal XXI 324.

F232.1. F232.1. Fairies have hollow backs. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b, “ellepige” I 242a; Elisabeth Hartmann Die Trollvorstellungen in der Sagen und Mдrchen der skandinavischen Vцlker (Stuttgart, 1936) 38; Finnish-Swedish: *Wessman 48 Nos. 394, 438.

F232.1.1. F232.1.1. Fairies have huge hole in each armpit. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F232.1.2. F232.1.2. Fairy has back rough like pine cone. U.S.: Baughman.

F232.2. F232.2. Fairies have breasts long enough to throw over their shoulders. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b, “patte” II 791b.

F232.3. F232.3. Fairies with unusually large ears. Tobler 63.

F232.4. F232.4. Fairies have long hair. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F232.4.1. F232.4.1. Fairy as a small pretty girl with blond hair. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F232.4.2. F232.4.2. Fairy princess with golden hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

F232.5. F232.5. Fairies have hairy bodies. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F232.6. F232.6. Fairies as giants. Irish myth: *Cross.

F232.7. F232.7. Elves have only half a thumb. England: Baughman.

F232.8. F232.8. Fairy has long tail. (Cf. F460.1.5, F518.) England: Baughman.

F233. F233. Color of fairy. (Cf. F236.)

F233.1. F233.1. Green fairy. Wimberly 240 n. 4; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F233.1.1. F233.1.1. Fairy has one side green. Irish myth: Cross.

F233.2. F233.2. Silver-colored fairy. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “argentine”.

F233.3. F233.3. Red fairy. Irish myth: *Cross; England, Wales: Baughman.

F233.3.1. F233.3.1. Fairy has red eyes. U.S.: Baughman.

F233.4. F233.4. Fairy‘s son is pale, dark, and ugly. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 322, 343--44, 351, Boberg.

F233.5. F233.5. Fairies have yellow (golden) hair (clothing). Irish myth: *Cross; Society Islands: Beckwith Myth 335.

F233.5.1. F233.5.1. Fairy king with yellow hair. Irish myth: Cross.

F233.6. F233.6. Fairies fair (fine, white). Irish myth: *Cross.

F233.7. F233.7. Fairies are multicolored. Scotland: Baughman.

F233.8. F233.8. Fairies are brown and hairy. (Cf. F232.5.) Wales: Baughman.

F233.9. F233.9. Fairies are black. Scotland: Baughman.

F233.10. F233.10. Gray-bearded fairy. German: Grimm No. 182.

F234. F234. Transformed fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.0.1. F234.0.1. Fairy transforms self. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.0.2. F234.0.2. Fairy as shape-shifter. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1. F234.1. Fairy in form of an animal. Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 32 No. 268, 48 No. 396.

F234.1.0.1. F234.1.0.1. Fairy in form of giant animal. Irish myth: Cross.

F234.1.1. F234.1.1. Fairy in form of cow (bull). Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 281ff., 291ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.2. F234.1.2. Fairy in form of goat. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 289.

F234.1.3. F234.1.3. Fairy in form of swine. Wales: Baughman.

F234.1.3.1. F234.1.3.1. Fairy in form of wild boar. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 126, *Cross.

F234.1.4. F234.1.4. Fairy in form of stag. Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 203.

F234.1.4.1. F234.1.4.1. Fairy in form of doe. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.5. F234.1.5. Fairy in form of toad. *Fb “tudse” III 888b; Hartland Science 52ff.

F234.1.6. F234.1.6. Fairy in form of frog. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 271.

F234.1.7. F234.1.7. Fairy in form of worm (snake, serpent). Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F234.1.8. F234.1.8. Fairy in form of horse. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.9. F234.1.9. Fairy in form of dog.

F234.1.9.1. F234.1.9.1. Fairy in form of lapdog. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.9.2. F234.1.9.2. Fairy in form of greyhound. Wales: Baughman.

F234.1.10. F234.1.10. Fairy in form of eel. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.11. F234.1.11. Fairy in form of sheep. Irish myth: Cross; Wales: Baughman.

F234.1.12. F234.1.12. Fairy in form of hare. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.13. F234.1.13. Fairy in form of wolf. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.14. F234.1.14. Fairy in form of weasel. England: Baughman.

F234.1.15. F234.1.15. Fairy in form of bird. Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 56.

F234.1.15.1. F234.1.15.1. Fairy as swan. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.1.15.2. F234.1.15.2. Fairy in form of dove. India: Thompson-Balys.

F234.1.15.3. F234.1.15.3. Fairy in form of sparrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

F234.1.15.4. F234.1.15.4. Fairy in form of drake. India: Thompson-Balys.

F234.1.16. F234.1.16. Fairy in form of insect.

F234.1.16.1. F234.1.16.1. Fairy in form of fly. Irish myth: Cross.

F234.1.16.2. F234.1.16.2. Fairy in form of moth. England: Baughman.

F234.1.16.3. F234.1.16.3. Fairy in form of ant. England: Baughman.

F234.2. F234.2. Fairy in form of person. *Type 480: *Roberts 117.--Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.1. F234.2.1. Fairy in form of hag. Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 227.

F234.2.2. F234.2.2. Fairy in hideous form. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.3. F234.2.3. Fairy as headless woman. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.4. F234.2.4. Fairy in likeness of another. (Cf. F239.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.4.1. F234.2.4.1. Clerics mistaken for fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.5. F234.2.5. Fairy in form of beautiful young woman. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.6. F234.2.6. Fairy as messenger from fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.7. F234.2.7. Fairy as guide to fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F234.2.8. F234.2.8. Fairy assumes shape of woman and frequents bazaars. India: Thompson-Balys.

F234.3. F234.3. Fairy in form of object.

F234.3.1. F234.3.1. Fairy disappears in form of a cloud. Tobler 87.

F234.3.2. F234.3.2. Bonga girl (fairy) appears as flame. India: Thompson-Balys.

F234.3.3. F234.3.3. Fairy in form of a bundle of rags. England: Baughman.

F234.4. F234.4. Transformed fairy--miscellaneous.

F234.4.1. F234.4.1. Horse used by mortal under fairy spell changes to gray cat. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 271.

F235. F235. Visibility of fairies.

F235.1. F235.1. Fairies invisible. Tobler 94f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “invisibilitй”; India: Thompson-Balys.

F235.2. F235.2. Fairies visible only at certain times. Icelandic: Boberg.

F235.2.1. F235.2.1. Fairies visible only at night. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nuit”.

F235.2.2. F235.2.2. Fairies visible only at noonday. Fb “middag” II 585.

F235.3. F235.3. Fairies visible to one person alone. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Sir Launfal (Ritson ed.) line 501.

F235.4. F235.4. Fairies made visible through use of magic object.

F235.4.1. F235.4.1. Fairies made visible through use of ointment. (Cf. E361.3.) *Fb “salve” III 150b; *Hartland Science 59--67; English: Child I 339, II 505b, III 505b, V290a; England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 449.

F235.4.2. F235.4.2. Fairies made visible through use of magic soap. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 277; England: Baughman.

F235.4.3. F235.4.3. Fairies made visible through use of magic stone on eyes. Hartland Science 61.

F235.4.4. F235.4.4. Fairies made visible through use of magic water. Hartland Science 66; Fb “marelok” II 553; England, Scotland: Baughman.

F235.4.5. F235.4.5. Fairies made visible through the use of saliva. Hartland Science 62.

F235.4.6. F235.4.6. Fairies made visible when one carries four-leaf clover. (Cf. D1323.14.) England: *Baughman.

F235.5. F235.5. Fairies made visible by stepping on certain spot. Hartland Science 162.

F235.5.1. F235.5.1. Fairies made visible by standing on another’s foot. Hartland Science 162.

F235.5.2. F235.5.2. Fairies made visible when person steps into fairy ring. (Cf. F218, F261.1.) England, Wales: *Baughman.

F235.6. F235.6. Fairies visible through magic ring. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 47, Cross.

F235.7. F235.7. Fairies seen as dark shadows. Tobler 89.

F235.8. F235.8. Fairies lose power of invisibility. Irish myth: Cross.

F235.8.1. F235.8.1. Fairies lose power of invisibility if mortals gain knowledge of their secret. (Cf. F361.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F235.8.2. F235.8.2. Fairies made visible by looking with left eye. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F235.9. F235.9. Fairies made visible when person walks three times around field where cows are grazing at night. (Cf. D1791.) England: Baughman.

F236. F236. Dress of fairies. (Cf. F233.)

F236.0.1. F236.0.1. Ill-dressed otherworld person. Irish myth: *Cross

F236.1. F236.1. Color of fairy‘s clothes. Irish myth: Cross.

F236.1.1. F236.1.1. Fairies in red clothes. *Fb “blе” IV 52a; England, Ireland, Wales: Baughman.

F236.1.2. F236.1.2. Fairies in blue clothes. *Fb “blе” IV 52a.

F236.1.3. F236.1.3. Fairies in white clothes. *Fb “hvid” I 700b; Irish myth: Cross; England, Wales: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 687.

F236.1.4. F236.1.4. Fairies in gray clothes. *Fb “ellepige” I 242a.

F236.1.5. F236.1.5. Fairies in gleaming clothes. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b; India: Thompson-Balys.

F236.1.6. F236.1.6. Fairy in green clothes. Irish myth: Cross; England, Scotland, Wales: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F236.1.7. F236.1.7. Fairy wears multi-colored dress. Irish myth: *Cross.

F236.2. F236.2. Fairies in long robes. *Fb “ellepige” I 242a.

F236.3. F236.3. Fairies with belts and hats. Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F236.3.1. F236.3.1. Fairies with three-cornered hats. England: Baughman.

F236.3.2. F236.3.2. Fairies with red caps. (Cf. F451.2.7.1, F460.1.4.2.) England, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman.

F236.3.3. F236.3.3. Fairy wears sugar-loaf hat. U.S.: Baughman.

F236.4. F236.4. Fairies with gold crowns on head. Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F236.5. F236.5. Fairy wears boorish clothes. Irish myth: *Cross.

F236.5.1. F236.5.1. Fairies wear patched coats. England: Baughman.

F236.6. F236.6. Fairies wear gay clothing. England: Baughman.

F237. F237. Fairies in disguise. Irish myth: Cross.

F238. F238. Fairies are naked. (Cf. F420.1.6.7.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F239. F239. Appearance of fairies--miscellaneous.

F239.1. F239.1. Fairies tied together by hair. *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

F239.2. F239.2. Fairy women identical in form and feature. (Cf. F234.2.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F239.3. F239.3. Fairy breathes fire. Irish myth: Cross.

F239.4. F239.4. Size of fairies.

F239.4.1. F239.4.1. Fairies are the same size as mortals. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F239.4.2. F239.4.2. Fairies are the size of small children. England: *Baughman.

F239.4.3. F239.4.3. Fairy is tiny. Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland: Baughman.

F239.5. F239.5. Elves have faces of wrinkled old men. England, U.S.: Baughman.

F239.6. F239.6. Fairy’s tears pearls. India: Thompson-Balys.

F240. F240. Possessions of fairies.

F241. F241. Fairies‘ animals.

F241.0.1. F241.0.1. Fairy animal hunted. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.1. F241.1. Fairies‘ horses. Howey 2; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, Wales: Baughman.

F241.1.0.1. F241.1.0.1. Fairy cavalcade. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.1.1. F241.1.1. Color of fairies’ horses. Wales: Baughman.

F241.1.1.1. F241.1.1.1. Fairies ride white horses. English: Child I 216, 323, 325, 339f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.1.1.2. F241.1.1.2. Fairies ride dapple-gray horses. English: Child I 324, 326, Baughman.

F241.1.1.3. F241.1.1.3. Blue, red, yellow horses in fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.1.1.4. F241.1.1.4. Fairies ride cream-colored horses. England: Baughman.

F241.1.2. F241.1.2. Behavior of fairies‘ horses.

F241.1.2.1. F241.1.2.1. Fairies’ horses water at peasant‘s well. *Fb “hest” I 599a.

F241.1.2.2. F241.1.2.2. Fairies’ mare foals every year on first of May. Wales: Baughman.

F241.1.3. F241.1.3. Fairies ride on three-legged horses. Fb “underjordiske” III 975b.

F241.1.3.1. F241.1.3.1. Fairy horse one-legged. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.1.4. F241.1.4. Fairies‘ horses have round shoes. Fb “hestesko” IV 213b.

F241.1.5. F241.1.5. Fairy’s horse becomes invisible. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.1.6. F241.1.6. Fairy horse pulls chariot by pole which passes through his body. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.1.7. F241.1.7. Fairies steal stalks of hemp and turn them into horses. (Cf. D449.5.) Scotland: Baughman.

F241.1.8. F241.1.8. Size of fairies‘ horses.

F241.1.8.1. F241.1.8.1. Fairies’ horses the size of greyhounds. Wales: Baughman.

F241.1.8.2. F241.1.8.2. Fairies‘ horses are of normal size. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F241.2. F241.2. Fairies’ cows. (Cf. F460.2.9.) Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 57**; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 51 Nos. 430--434.

F241.2.1. F241.2.1. Color of fairies‘ cows.

F241.2.1.1. F241.2.1.1. Fairies have red cows. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b, “rшd” III 117a, “ko” II 240b.

F241.2.2. F241.2.2. Fairies’ cattle become invisible. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bйtail”.

F241.2.3. F241.2.3. Fairies‘ cattle under a lake. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 128.

F241.2.4. F241.2.4. Fairy cattle graze on earth on Hallowe’en. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.2.5. F241.2.5. Woman (fairy) lives only on milk from fairy cow. Irish myth: Cross.

F241.3. F241.3. Hogs follow fairies. Fb “rakker”.

F241.3.1. F241.3.1. Spirit owns herds of pigs. India: Thompson-Balys.

F241.4. F241.4. Goats follow fairies. Fb “rakker”.

F241.5. F241.5. Fairies have herds of deer. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 129, Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F241.5.1. F241.5.1. Fairies own herd of ibexes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F241.6. F241.6. Fairy dogs. Irish myth: *Cross.

F241.7. F241.7. Fairies have sheep. Wales: Baughman.

F241.8. F241.8. Fairies have poultry. Wales: Baughman.

F242. F242. Fairies‘ conveyances.

F242.1. F242.1. Fairy car. Malone PMLA XLIII 421; Irish myth: Cross.

F242.1.1. F242.1.1. Fairy car becomes invisible. Irish myth: *Cross.

F242.1.2. F242.1.2. Fairy chariot rides waves. Irish myth: *Cross.

F242.1.3. F242.1.3. Fairy chariot of precious metal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F242.1.4. F242.1.4. Glass car. Icelandic: Boberg.

F242.2. F242.2. Fairy boat. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 194; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bateau”.

F242.2.1. F242.2.1. Glass boat for fairy. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 84, *Cross.

F242.2.2. F242.2.2. Fairy boat of bronze. (Cf. F841.1.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F242.2.3. F242.2.3. Fairy boat from flax-stem. Maori: Beckwith Myth 335.

F243. F243. Fairies’ food. Irish myth: *Cross.

F243.0.1. F243.0.1. Christianized fairy woman refuses to eat fairy food. Irish myth: *Cross.

F243.1. F243.1. Fairies‘ bread. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pain”.

F243.2. F243.2. Fairies eat nuts. Irish myth: Cross; MacCulloch Celtic 121.

F243.3. F243.3. Fairies eat meat.

F243.3.1. F243.3.1. Animals eaten by fairies become whole again. England, Ireland, U.S.: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “animaux”.

F243.4. F243.4. Fairy food undiminished when eaten. Irish myth: *Cross.

F243.5. F243.5. Fairies’ food gives immortality. Irish myth: *Cross.

F244. F244. Fairies‘ treasure. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b; Irish myth: *Cross.

F244.1. F244.1. “The Four Jewels of the Tuatha Dй Danann” (fairies?). Irish myth: *Cross.

F244.2. F244.2. Fairy shows hiding place of treasure in return for freedom. (Cf. N538.) Ireland: Baughman.

F244.3. F244.3. Fairy fetches mortals to remove treasure hidden by ghosts in their lifetimes. (Cf. N510.) Wales: Baughman.

F244.4. F244.4. Fairies scare treasure-seeker away from hoard. They get bigger and bigger, and cause violent storms until seeker leaves. Cf. D2141.0.2. England: Baughman.

F244.5. F244.5. Fairies dig for treasure. England: Baughman.

F244.6. F244.6. Fairies guard giants’ treasures. (Cf. N570.) England: Baughman.

F245. F245. Fairies‘ musical instruments.

F245.1. F245.1. Fairy harp. Irish myth: *Cross.

F246. F246. Fairy tobacco pipes. England: Baughman.

F250. F250. Other characteristics of fairies.

F251. F251. Origin of fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F251.1. F251.1. Fairies as descendants of early race of gods. Irish myth: *Cross.

F251.1.1. F251.1.1. Goddess as fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

F251.1.2. F251.1.2. Fairies as gods. Irish myth: *Cross.

F251.2. F251.2. Fairies as souls of departed. (Cf. E700.) Hartland Science 132f.; von Sydow F ochF XIII--XIV; Slavic: Mбchal 256ff.

F251.3. F251.3. Unbaptized children as fairies. Fb “udшbt” III 960a; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 61, Beal XXI 324; England: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 30 No. 262.

F251.4. F251.4. Underworld people from children which Eve hid from God. *Fb “underjordiske” III 975b; Wales: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 30 No. 261; German: Grimm No. 180.

F251.5. F251.5. Fairies as sprites who have been given immortality. Irish myth: *Cross.

F251.6. F251.6. Fairies as fallen angels. Irish myth: Cross; Scotland, Ireland, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 224; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 30 No. 260.

F251.7. F251.7. Fairies as demons. Irish myth: *Cross.

F251.8. F251.8. Fairy professes faith in Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

F251.9. F251.9. Fairy gives instructions on means of reaching heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

F251.10. F251.10. Fairies are not the children of Adam. Scotland: Baughman.

F251.11. F251.11. Fairies are people not good enough for heaven but not bad enough for hell. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F251.12. F251.12. Fairies are druids. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F251.13. F251.13. Fairies are Welsh women cursed by St. Patrick for rebuking him because he left Wales for Ireland. Wales: Baughman.

F251.14. F251.14. Fairies are outlaws hiding out. Wales: Baughman.

F252. F252. Government of fairies.

F252.1. F252.1. Fairy king. Keightley 50ff.; Malone PMLA XLIII 422; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 128 (Sir Orfeo), England, Wales: Baughman; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 225; India: Thompson-Balys; Papua: Ker 73. Cf. Oberon in Shakespeare‘s Midsummer Night’s Dream, and in Huon of Bordeaux.

F252.1.0.1. F252.1.0.1. Mortal rules fairyland jointly with fairy king. Irish myth: *Cross.

F252.1.0.2. F252.1.0.2. King of Land under Water. Irish myth: *Cross.

F252.1.1. F252.1.1. Fairies elect king. Irish myth: Cross.

F252.1.2. F252.1.2. Indra has control over fairies. India: Thompson-Balys.

F252.2. F252.2. Fairy queen. T. Keightley The Fairy Mythology (London, 1873) 53ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 225, Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F252.3. F252.3. Fairy army. Irish myth: *Cross.

F252.3.1. F252.3.1. Soldiers of fairy king are trees by day and men by night. Fb “trж” III 867b.

F252.4. F252.4. Fairies banished from fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F252.4.1. F252.4.1. Fairy banished for adultery. (Cf. F254.5, Q241.) Irish myth: Cross.

F252.4.2. F252.4.2. Fairy banished for falsehood. Irish myth: Cross.

F253. F253. Extraordinary powers of fairies.

F253.1. F253.1. Extraordinary physical powers of fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F253.1.1. F253.1.1. Fairies possess extraordinary strength. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F253.1.1.1. F253.1.1.1. Fairy as mighty lifter. Irish myth: Cross.

F254. F254. Mortal characteristics of fairies. (Cf. F259.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F254.1. F254.1. Fairies have physical disabilities. Irish myth: Cross.

F254.2. F254.2. Fairies not omniscient. Irish myth: Cross.

F254.3. F254.3. Fairies can be bewitched. Irish myth: Cross.

F254.4. F254.4. Fairies can be wounded. Irish myth: *Cross.

F254.5. F254.5. Fairies commit adultery. (Cf. F252.4.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F255. F255. Peculiar limitations of fairies.

F255.1. F255.1. Fairies must trade whenever it is demanded of them. It does not matter how uneven the trade may be. Hartland Science 131.

F255.2. F255.2. Fairies can set down an object once but cannot raise it again. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 22.

F255.3. F255.3. Fairies once seen by mortals no longer invisible at will. Irish myth: Cross.

F255.4. F255.4. Fairy army can go among mortals only on Hallowe’en. Irish myth: Cross.

F255.5. F255.5. Fairies do not bend grass as they walk. (Cf. F261.2, F973.2.) Maori: Beckwith Myth 335.

F256. F256. Fairies read men‘s thoughts. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 22; Japanese: Ikeda.

F256.1. F256.1. Mortal’s coming to fairyland foreknown to fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F257. F257. Tribute taken from fairies by fiend at stated periods. English: Child V 498 s.v. “Feind”.

F258. F258. Fairies gregarious. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F258.1. F258.1. Fairies hold a fair. England: *Baughman.

F259. F259. Characteristics of fairies--miscellaneous.

F259.1. F259.1. Mortality of fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F259.1.1. F259.1.1. Fairies kill each other. Irish myth: Cross.

F259.1.2. F259.1.2. Fairy becomes mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F259.1.3. F259.1.3. Fairy dies of longing for fairyland. Irish myth: Cross.

F259.1.4. F259.1.4. Fairies immortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F259.1.4.1. F259.1.4.1. Fairies cannot be slain. Irish myth: Cross.

F259.2. F259.2. Fairies freed from disgrace by bathing in blood of enemy. Irish myth: *Cross.

F259.3. F259.3. Fairy reveals her true identity when despite heavy rain she remains dry. India: Thompson-Balys.

F260. F260. Behavior of fairies.

F261. F261. Fairies dance. *Type 503; *BP III 324ff., 329; *Fb “danse” IV 93a; Hartland Science 162.--Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 127, 163; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 24ff., (1928) 16ff.; Slavic: Mбchal 259; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “dance”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F261.1. F261.1. Fairy rings on grass. Seen after fairy dance. Irish myth: Cross; English: Brueyre RTP II 74ff.; Slavic: Mбchal 259.

F261.1.1. F261.1.1. Fairies dance by themselves in fairy ring. England: *Baughman.

F261.2. F261.2. Fairy dances in snow: no tracks left. (Cf. F255.5.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 50 No. 420.

F261.2.1. F261.2.1. Fairies dance on leaves without disturbing them. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 336.

F261.3. F261.3. Other locations of fairy dancing.

F261.3.1. F261.3.1. Fairies dance under tree.

F261.3.1.1. F261.3.1.1. Fairies dance under hawthorn trees. England: Baughman.

F261.3.1.2. F261.3.1.2. Fairies dance under oak tree. England: Baughman.

F261.3.2. F261.3.2. Fairies dance on foxglove. England: Baughman.

F261.3.3. F261.3.3. Fairies dance in orchard. England: Baughman.

F261.3.4. F261.3.4. Fairies dance in ditches. Scotland: *Baughman.

F261.3.5. F261.3.5. Fairies dance in hay in barn. Wales: Baughman.

F261.3.6. F261.3.6. Fairies dance on the green. India: Thompson-Balys.

F261.3.7. F261.3.7. Fairies dance before Indra. India: Thompson-Balys.

F262. F262. Fairies make music. Hartland Science 141, 155; Krappe Balor 88; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 165, *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 163, 209; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 225; India: Thompson-Balys.

F262.1. F262.1. Fairies sing. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b, “synge” III 706b; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “chant”, “chanteuse”.

F262.2. F262.2. Fairies teach bagpipe-playing. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 175.

F262.3. F262.3. Fairy minstrel. Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.1. F262.3.1. Fairy as harper. Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.1.1. F262.3.1.1. Fairy harper plays two harps at once. Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.1.2. F262.3.1.2. Fairy harper in yew tree. Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.1.3. F262.3.1.3. Fairy harper in tiny bronze boat. Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.2. F262.3.2. Fairy minstrel‘s birds sing accompaniment. Irish myth: Cross.

F262.3.3. F262.3.3. Fairy minstrel‘s music heard far and wide. Irish myth: Cross.

F262.3.4. F262.3.4. Fairy music causes sleep. Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.5. F262.3.5. Fairy music causes mourning. Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.6. F262.3.6. Fairy music causes joy (laughter). Irish myth: *Cross.

F262.3.7. F262.3.7. Fairy music causes weakness. Irish myth: Cross.

F262.4. F262.4. Fairy music compared to music of Heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

F262.5. F262.5. Fairy music--person listening is without food or sleep for a year. Irish myth: Cross.

F262.6. F262.6. Fairy music so potent it would cause wounded men to sleep. Irish myth: Cross.

F262.7. F262.7. Fairies whistle. England: Baughman.

F262.8. F262.8. Fairy horns heard by mortals. Scotland: Baughman.

F262.9. F262.9. Fairy music makes seven years seem like one day to mortal hearer. (Cf. D2011.1.) England: Baughman.

F262.10. F262.10. Fairy music---miscellaneous.

F262.10.1. F262.10.1. Fairy music issues from stone. England: Baughman.

F262.10.2. F262.10.2. Fairy music issues from fairy ring. England: Baughman.

F263. F263. Fairies feast. Hartland Science 144, 155; Keightley 283; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman.

F263.1. F263.1. Fairy‘s share of feast a nut. Irish myth: Cross.

F264. F264. Fairy wedding. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F265. F265. Fairy bathes. Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 3; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F265.1. F265.1. Fairies frequently use bath house. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F266. F266. Fairies warm themselves. Fb “ovn” II 774b; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 56 No. 481.

F267. F267. Fairies attend games. Irish myth: Cross.

F268. F268. Burial among underworld folk. *Fb “begravelse” IV 30b; Irish myth: Cross.

F268.1. F268.1. Burial service for fairy queen is held at night in Christian church. England: *Baughman.

F271. F271. Fairies as laborers.

F271.0.1. F271.0.1. Fairies as craftsmen. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 329.

F271.0.2. F271.0.2. Fairies lacking axes work with their teeth. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 333.

F271.1. F271.1. Fairies milk cows. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 129ff.

F271.2. F271.2. Fairies as builders.

F271.2.0.1. F271.2.0.1. Fairies build great structures in one night. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 333.

F271.2.1. F271.2.1. Fairies excavate passage. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 173; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “souterrain”.

F271.2.2. F271.2.2. Fairies build causeway. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F271.2.3. F271.2.3. Fairies build canoe. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 332.

F271.3. F271.3. Fairies skillful as smiths. *Fb “smed” III 402a; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, Ireland: Baughman, Boberg DF XLVI 83.

F271.4. F271.4. Fairies work on cloth.

F271.4.1. F271.4.1. Fairies bleach linen. Fb “linned” II 435b; England: Baughman; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 182ff., (1928) 128ff.

F271.4.2. F271.4.2. Fairies skillful as weavers. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F271.4.3. F271.4.3. Fairies spin. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 56.

F271.5. F271.5. Fairies clear land. Irish myth: *Cross.

F271.6. F271.6. Fairy as herdsman. Irish myth: *Cross.

F271.7. F271.7. Fairies churn. *Boberg DF XLVI 84.

F271.8. F271.8. Fйes engage in needlework. Irish myth: Cross.

F271.9. F271.9. Fairies wash their clothes: they are heard only at this task. England: *Baughman.

F271.10. F271.10. Fairies bake bread. **Boberg DF XLVI.

F273. F273. Fairy shows remarkable skill. Irish myth: Cross.

F273.1. F273.1. Fairy shows remarkable skill as marksman. Irish myth: Cross.

F273.2. F273.2. Fairy shows remarkable skill as runner. Irish myth: *Cross.

F274. F274. Fairy physician. Irish myth: Cross.

F275. F275. Fairies descend chimney. England, Scotland: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cheminйe”.

F276. F276. Fairies call out to mortals. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F277. F277. Battle of fairies and gods. Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 85.

F277.0.1. F277.0.1. War between fairy settlements. Irish myth: *Cross.

F277.0.2. F277.0.2. Fairies fight among selves for possession of island. Irish myth: Cross.

F277.0.3. F277.0.3. Good and bad fairies battle. Irish myth: Cross.

F278. F278. Fairies’ strategy. Irish myth: *Cross.

F278.1. F278.1. Fairy casts huge stones to keep enemies off. Irish myth: Cross.

F278.2. F278.2. Fairies create magic concealing mist. Irish myth: *Cross.

F281. F281. Fairy replaces man‘s heart with heart of straw. Eyes with wood, etc. English: Child I 343--356 passim.

F282. F282. Fairies travel through air.

F282.1. F282.1. Fairies travel in eddies of wind. Irish myth: *Cross.

F282.2. F282.2. Formulas for fairies’ travel through air. England: Baughman.

F282.3. F282.3. Fairies come from the kingdom of Indra to earth in four flying thrones. India: Thompson-Balys.

F285. F285. Anchor falls on fairies. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ancre”.

F300--F399.

F300--F399. FAIRIES AND MORTALS

F300. F300. Marriage or liaison with fairy. Irish myth: *Cross, Beal XXI 335, Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 96.

F300.1. F300.1. Giants guard fairy princess from mortal man. India: Thompson-Balys.

F300.2. F300.2. Husband pursues fairy wife to heaven. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 55.

F301. F301. Fairy lover. Fb “underjordiske” III 975a; Dickson 121 n. 65; Hartland Science 64; Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 133ff.; Icelandic: Boberg, *Feilberg DF V 43ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 343.

F301.1. F301.1. Summoning fairy lover.

F301.1.1. F301.1.1. Girl summons fairy lover by breaking tabu.

F301.1.1.1. F301.1.1.1. Girl summons fairy lover by wishing for him. English: Child I 6ff. No. 2.

F301.1.1.2. F301.1.1.2. Girl summons fairy lover by plucking flowers. English: Child I 360 n.

F301.1.1.3. F301.1.1.3. Girl summons fairy lover by lying under tree. English: Child V 499 s.v. “trees”.

F301.1.1.4. F301.1.1.4. Girl summons fairy lover by pulling nuts. English: Child I 360 n.

F301.2. F301.2. Fairy lover entices mortal girl.

F301.2.1. F301.2.1. Elf-knight produces love-longing by blowing on horn. English: Child I 15ff., 23, 55, 367.

F301.3. F301.3. Girl goes to fairyland and marries fairy. Hartland Science 64.

F301.4. F301.4. Tasks set maid by elfin knight before she can marry him. English: Child I 15ff.

F301.5. F301.5. Elf-knight entices maiden away and kills her. English: Child I 47; Japanese: Ikeda.

F301.6. F301.6. Fairy lover abducts fairy wife of mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F301.7. F301.7. Girl goes to see her fairy lover on certain nights. Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXVIII 10f. (Type 306 III).

F301.8. F301.8. Fairy runs away from wedding with mortal girl. Irish myth: Cross.

F302. F302. Fairy mistress. Mortal man marries or lives with fairy woman. *Hoffman-Krayer Zs f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 4; *Puckett MPh XVI 297; Clouston Tales I 212ff.; Malone PMLA XLIII 406; *Grimes The Lays of Desirй, Graelent and Melion (New York, 1928); *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIII 97ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Hjбlmthиrs saga ok Цlvis 477, Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 56 No. 483; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 44 Nos 42, 43; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 151; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 500.

F302.0.1. F302.0.1. Bonga mistress. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.1. F302.1. Man goes to fairyland and marries fairy. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 130ff. (Sir Launfal, Emare); Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F302.1.1. F302.1.1. Mortals supplied with fairy mistresses during visit to fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.1.2. F302.1.2. Mortal gives fairy ring after night spent with her in fairyland. Irish myth: Cross.

F302.2. F302.2. Man marries fairy and takes her to his home. **Kцhler Der Ursprung der Melusinensage (1895); *Frдnkel Zs. f. Vksk. IV 387; *Fb “menneske” II 577b; see also all references for C31.1.2; Hartland Science 168; Malone PMLA XLIII 417; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Wales: Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F302.2.1. F302.2.1. Fairy wife deserts mortal husband for repulsive lover. Malone PMLA XLIII 416ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.3. F302.3. Fairy wooes mortal man. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.3.0.1. F302.3.0.1. Fairy visits mortal and becomes his mistress. Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.3.0.2. F302.3.0.2. Raja refuses to marry a Peri. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.3.1. F302.3.1. Fairy entices man into fairyland. Hartland Science 41, 163, 184, 202; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F302.3.1.1. F302.3.1.1. Bonga girl (fairy) will return stolen goods only if mortal man will go with her. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.3.1.2. F302.3.1.2. Fairies stop ship to entice man to their land. Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.3.1.3. F302.3.1.3. Man is carried to fairyland by fairy and marries her. Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.3.1.4. F302.3.1.4. Fairy abducts whomever she falls in love with. (Cf. F320.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.3.2. F302.3.2. Fairy offers gifts to man to be her paramour. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 314, 375f., 384, III 504a, V 214; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F302.3.2.1. F302.3.2.1. Fairy offers aid to man if he will marry her. Irish myth: Cross.

F302.3.2.2. F302.3.2.2. Fairy offers to disenchant mortal wife if man will marry her. (Cf. F302.5.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

F302.3.3. F302.3.3. Fairy avenges self on man who scorns her love. English: Child I 376ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.3.3.1. F302.3.3.1. Fairy avenges herself on inconstant lover (husband). *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV (1933) 115ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 372--389.

F302.3.4. F302.3.4. Fairies entice men and then harm them. Irish myth: *Cross; Japanese: Mitford 243; West Indies: Flowers 433.

F302.3.4.1. F302.3.4.1. Fairy kisses man. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F302.3.4.1.1. F302.3.4.1.1. Fairy’s kiss fatal. Fb “kys” II 349.

F302.3.4.2. F302.3.4.2. Fairies dance with youth till he dies (or goes insane). *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F302.3.4.2.1. F302.3.4.2.1. Pixies win dancing contest with man. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.3.4.3. F302.3.4.3. Fairy wooes and deserts man. Clouston Tales I 215ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.3.4.4. F302.3.4.4. Fairy takes lover back to fairyland in magic sleep. *Krappe Romania LX (1934) 79ff.

F302.3.4.5. F302.3.4.5. Fairies fall in love with prince and charm him into a deathlike sleep. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.4. F302.4. Man obtains power over fairy mistress. Irish myth: Cross.

F302.4.1. F302.4.1. Man shoots into wreath of mist and brings down fairy. She becomes his wife. Hartland Science 144.

F302.4.2. F302.4.2. Fairy comes into man‘s power when he steals her wings (clothes). She leaves when she finds them. Slavic: Mбchal 258; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *404; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 55.

F302.4.2.1. F302.4.2.1. Fairy comes into man’s power when he steals her clothes. She leaves when she finds them. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F302.4.3. F302.4.3. Hero fights with fairy person, takes his wife and keeps her (for a year). Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.4.4. F302.4.4. Man binds fairy and forces her to marry him. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.5. F302.5. Fairy mistress and mortal wife.

F302.5.0.1. F302.5.0.1. Man deserts wife for fairy. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.5.1. F302.5.1. Fairy mistress surrenders man to his mortal wife (Wildfrau). *Heltzel Philological Quarterly VIII (1930) 348; Irish myth: *Cross Icelandic: Hбlfdanar saga Brцnufуstra (whole saga).

F302.5.1.1. F302.5.1.1. Bonga girl (fairy) surrenders man to his mortal wife if he will name first daughter after her. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.5.2. F302.5.2. Fairy mistress transforms man‘s human wife. (Cf. F302.3.2.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.5.2.1. F302.5.2.1. Divine damsel converts mortal’s first wife into a lovely woman; they all live together. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.5.3. F302.5.3. Man loses luck when he leaves fairy wife for mortal. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.5.4. F302.5.4. Fairy mistress demands that man send his mortal wife away. Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.5.5. F302.5.5. Fairy mistress tries to destroy mortal‘s wife (mother) by sending her a magic belt. Krappe Revue des Йtudes Grecques LII (1939) 569ff.

F302.6. F302.6. Fairy mistress leaves man when he breaks tabu. See all references to C31, C31.1.2, C31.2, C31.4.1, C31.4.2. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.6.1. F302.6.1. Celtic fairy mistress dominant. Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.6.2. F302.6.2. Recovery of fairy mistress.

F302.6.2.1. F302.6.2.1. Mortal beats drum as fairies dance before Indra; is granted fairy wife permanently. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.6.2.2. F302.6.2.2. Fairy gives up her fairy nature and becomes mortal to be able to return to her mortal husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.7. F302.7. Fairy mistress prophesies mortal lover’s fate in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.8. F302.8. Fairy mistress demands mortal lover deny Christian teachings. Irish myth: *Cross.

F302.9. F302.9. Fairy mistress rescues hero from battle. Irish myth: Cross.

F302.10. F302.10. Man to have fairy wife for only seven years. India: Thompson-Balys.

F302.11. F302.11. Prince married to a she-monkey (really queen of the fairies). India: Thompson-Balys.

F303. F303. Wedding of mortal and fairy. Feilberg DF V 45ff.; Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 62ff., (1928) 54ff.; Liljeblad 188ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F303.1. F303.1. Purification in kettle of boiling oil as preparation for marriage to fairy. Tuti-Nameh 10th Night.

F304. F304. Sexual relations with fairy.

F304.1. F304.1. Fairy king punishes ravisher of his daughter. Malone PMLA XLIII 406; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F304.2. F304.2. Fairy queen’s beauty temporarily destroyed by intercourse with mortal. English: Child I 327.

F304.3. F304.3. Beautiful woman found in bed with man after he has plugged keyholes to keep elves out. Tobler 68; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *423.

F304.4. F304.4. Mortal violates fairy woman. Irish myth: Cross.

F304.4.1. F304.4.1. Fairy ravished by mortal strikes flesh from his ear. Irish myth: *Cross.

F304.5. F304.5. Mortal chooses to sleep with fairy as boon for saving her life. Irish myth: Cross.

F304.6. F304.6. Fйe carried off by mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

F305. F305. Offspring of fairy and mortal. Malone PMLA XLIII 433; *Krappe Йtudes 119ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F305.1. F305.1. Fairy relative makes gifts to half-mortal child. (Cf. F340.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F305.1.1. F305.1.1. Fairy mother bestows magic powers upon half-mortal son. Irish myth: *Cross.

F305.2. F305.2. Offspring of fairy and mortal extraordinarily beautiful. Irish myth: *Cross.

F305.2.1. F305.2.1. Right half of son resembles mortal father; left half, fairy father. Irish myth: Cross.

F305.3. F305.3. Offspring of fairy and mortal has long hair and beard at birth. Irish myth: Cross.

F310. F310. Fairies and human children.

F311. F311. Fairies adopt human child. English: Wells 32 (Layamon’s Brut).

F311.1. F311.1. Fairy godmother. Attendant good fairy. *Type 715; Irish myth: Cross; Slavic: Mбchal 257f.

F311.1.1. F311.1.1. Fairy godmother helps girl escape. England: *Baughman.

F311.2. F311.2. Fairy foster-father. Guardian to mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F311.2.1. F311.2.1. Man killed on night when fairy guardian relaxes vigilance. Irish myth: Cross.

F311.3. F311.3. Fairy foster-mother. (Cf. P270.) Irish myth: Cross.

F311.3.1. F311.3.1. Water fairy as foster-mother. Africa: Weeks Jungle 407.

F312. F312. Fairy presides at child‘s birth. Sometimes the Norns, the Fates, etc. *Type 410; BP I 439; *W. B. McDaniel Conception, Birth and Infancy in Ancient Rome and Modern Italy (Coconut Grove, Florida, 1948).--Icelandic: Nornagests юбttr (Bugge ed. 1864) 76, Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 131, *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

F312.1. F312.1. Fairies bestow supernatural gifts at birth of a child. Hartland Science 204; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F312.1.1. F312.1.1. Fairies make good wishes for newborn child. (Cf. F316.) Italian: Basile Pentamerone II 8.

F312.2. F312.2. Fairies control destinies of a mortal. Saintyves Perrault 19.

F312.3. F312.3. Three fairies sent to queen about to give birth to child. India: Thompson-Balys.

F313. F313. Fairies comb children’s hair. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F315. F315. Fairy predicts birth of child. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “naissance”.

F316. F316. Fairy lays curse on child. (Cf. F312.1.1.) *Type 410; Icelandic: Nornagests юбttr (Bugge ed. 1864) 76, Boberg.

F316.1. F316.1. Fairy‘s curse partially overcome by another fairy’s amendment. *Type 410; Saintyves Perrault 61.

F316.2. F316.2. Fairy‘s curse partially overcome by her own amendment after being appeased. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F317. F317. Fairy predicts future greatness of newborn child. Irish myth: Cross.

F320. F320. Fairies carry people away to fairyland. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b, “dшbe” I 227; Hartland Science 163ff.; Feilberg DF V 55ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; H. Hartmann Ueber Krankheit, Tod und Jenseitsvorstellungen in Irland (Erster Teil: Krankheit und Fairyentrьckung, Halle, 1942); India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

F321. F321. Fairy steals child from cradle. Hartland Science 98--106 passim; Irish myth: *Cross; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 43 No. 35; India: Thompson-Balys.

F321.0.1. F321.0.1. Child sold to fairies. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enfant”.

F321.1. F321.1. Changeling. Fairy steals child from cradle and leaves fairy substitute. Changeling is usually mature and only seems to be a child. *BP I 368; **G. Piaschewski Der Wechselbalg (Breslau, 1935); Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 835--864; **E. Hartmann Die Trollvorstellungen in den Sagen und Mдrchen der skandinavischen Vцlker (Stuttgart, 1936) 76ff.; *Hartland Science 105--122, 134, 145; *Fb “skifting” III 252b.--Irish myth: Cross; England, Ireland, Wales: Baughman; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 7, 117, 143ff., 149, 155ff., 267, Campbell Tales II 57; Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 10ff., (1928) 11ff.; Norwegian: *Solheim Register 18; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 43 No. 36; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 58 No. 91; Slavic: Polнvka Slavische Sagen vom Wechselbalg (Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft VI 151ff.), Mбchal Slavic Myth. 260, 264; Armenian: Ananikian 78 (left by dragon); India: Penzer VIII 87 n. 1.

F321.1.1. F321.1.1. Changeling deceived into betraying his age. *Fb “skifting” III 252b; Rhys Celtic Folk Lore 62, 220, 223, 264, 268; Kцhler-Bolte I 220; Zs. f. Vksk. XVI 414; Sikes British Goblins 2, 59f.

F321.1.1.1. F321.1.1.1. Changeling betrays his age when his wonder is excited. Usually pottage is boiled in an eggshell. The changeling: “I shall soon be a hundred years old but I never saw this done before!” *BP I 368; Hartland Science 113--116; E. H. Meyer Germanische Myth. 79; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 525.

F321.1.1.2. F321.1.1.2. Changeling plays on pipe and thus betrays his maturity. Hartland Science 111.--Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 155ff.

F321.1.1.2.1. F321.1.1.2.1. Changeling dances wild dance to music, betrays maturity. England: Baughman.

F321.1.1.3. F321.1.1.3. Changeling addresses woman in verse and thus betrays maturity. Hartland Science 125.

F321.1.1.4. F321.1.1.4. Changeling shows supernatural power to work and thus betrays maturity. Hartland Science 113; England, Scotland: Baughman.

F321.1.1.5. F321.1.1.5. Changeling calculates his age by the age of the forest. “I have seen the forest grow up three times.” *BP I 369; Fb “gammel” IV 174a; Hartland Science 113ff.; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 314ff., (1928) 198ff.

F321.1.1.6. F321.1.1.6. Threat to throw on fire causes changeling to cry out and betray his nature. *BP I 369.

F321.1.1.7. F321.1.1.7. Whipping causes changeling to betray his nature. *BP I 369.

F321.1.2. F321.1.2. Characteristics of changeling.

F321.1.2.1. F321.1.2.1. Changeling has abnormal features or growth. Limbs grow too rapidly, head is too big, or he is slow to learn to walk, or the like. Hartland Science 108.

F321.1.2.2. F321.1.2.2. Changeling is always hungry, demands food all the time. England, Scotland, Wales: *Baughman.

F321.1.2.3. F321.1.2.3. Changeling is sickly (often the fairy exchanged for a baby is an elderly, infirm member of the fairy clan whom the fairies are tired of caring for). England: Baughman.

F321.1.3. F321.1.3. Exorcising a changeling. Hartland Science 122f.; Ireland: Baughman.

F321.1.4. F321.1.4. Disposing of a changeling. Hartland Science 105, 117ff.; Fb “skifting” III 252b, 253a.--Irish myth: Cross.

F321.1.4.1. F321.1.4.1. Changeling thrown into water and thus banished. Hartland Science 123f., 129.--England, Ireland: *Baughman; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 149.

F321.1.4.2. F321.1.4.2. Changeling thrown into ravine and thus banished. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder.

F321.1.4.3. F321.1.4.3. Changeling thrown on fire and thus banished. (Cf. F321.1.4.5.) Hartland Science 120f.; England, Scotland, Ireland: *Baughman.

F321.1.4.4. F321.1.4.4. Changeling left on hill (dunghill, barrow etc.) and thus banished. Hartland Science 118, 126f.

F321.1.4.5. F321.1.4.5. When changeling is threatened with burning, child is returned. (Cf. F321.1.4.3.) Scotland: *Baughman; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 116 No. 19; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3692.

F321.1.4.6. F321.1.4.6. Changeling beaten and left outside; the mortal child is returned. England: *Baughman.

F321.1.4.7. F321.1.4.7. Mortal mother pays no attention to changeling; the mortal child is returned. Scotland: *Baughman.

F321.1.4.8. F321.1.4.8. Mother treats changeling so well that her own child is returned. England: Baughman.

F321.1.4.9. F321.1.4.9. Changeling made to believe that his house is burning up; he leaves. England, Ireland: *Baughman.

F321.1.5. F321.1.5. Water fairy changeling kept out of water too long, dies. U.S.: Baughman.

F321.2. F321.2. Charms against theft of children by fairies. Fb “forbytte” I 337b; Irish myth: Cross; Wales, Scotland: *Baughman; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 22; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 117 No. 22.

F321.3. F321.3. Man goes to fairyland and rescues stolen child. (Cf. F322.2.) Hartland Science 127.

F321.3.1. F321.3.1. Unbaptized child stolen by fairies found in barn and rescued. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *412.

F321.4. F321.4. Beggar returns to his mother child stolen by fairies. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 40 No. 21.

F321.5. F321.5. Fairies appear in house and offer to dance with child. England: Baughman (F261.5).

F322. F322. Fairies steal man‘s wife and carry her to fairyland. *Krappe Йtudes 131 n. 2; Hartland Science 133; *Krappe Revue Celtique XLVIII 94ff.; *Cross and Hitze Lancelot and Guenevere 31ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Scotland: Macdougall and Calder 267, Baughman; England: Wells 128 (Sir Orfeo).

F322.0.1. F322.0.1. Woman carried off by water-fairy. Hartland Science 65; German: Erk-Bцhme Deutsche Liederhort No. 2; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *4250.

F322.1. F322.1. Changeling bride. Fairies steal bride and leave a substitute. Hartland Science 130, 142; U.S.: Baughman.

F322.1.1. F322.1.1. Fairy borrows comb from Christian maid to comb hair of changeling bride. (Cf. F324.1.) *Fb “ellepige” I 242a.

F322.2. F322.2. Man rescues his wife from fairyland. (Cf. F321.3.) Hartland Science 133, 142; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 128 (Sir Orfeo); Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

F322.3. F322.3. Stolen mother returns from fairyland each Sunday to minister to her children. Hartland Science 133; Scotland: *Baughman.

F322.4. F322.4. Abducted bride hidden in fairyland. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F322.5. F322.5. Rescue from fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F323. F323. Fairy women take body of dead hero to fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F324. F324. Girl abducted by fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

F324.1. F324.1. Girl borrows comb and mirror from bonga (fairy): carried to fairyland when she returns them. (Cf. F322.1.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F324.2. F324.2. Woman beset by elves (or phantoms) drowns self. Irish myth: Cross.

F324.3. F324.3. Youth abducted by fairy. Irish myth: Cross.

F325.1. F325.1. Fairies kidnap boy when he breaks tabu by going outside mansion under earth before 12 years. India: Thompson-Balys.

F326. F326. Fairy father carries off child of mortal mother. Irish myth: Cross.

F327. F327. Family carried away to fairyland as part of bargain. Irish myth: *Cross.

F328. F328. Fairies entice people into their domain. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

F329. F329. Other fairy abductions.

F329.1. F329.1. Fairies carry off youth; he has gift of prophecy when he returns to earth (Thomas the Rhymer). Scotland: Baughman.

F329.2. F329.2. Fairies abduct young woman, return her when fight starts over her. England: Baughman.

F329.3. F329.3. Fairies take persons up in air in chariots for a fortnight or a month. The lost are finally found in fields bereft of sense and with one of the members missing. Scotland: Baughman.

F329.4. F329.4. Fairies who stay with mortals. See also F321.1. Changeling.

F329.4.1. F329.4.1. Lost fairy child found by mortals. Mortals feed, warm it, keep it until one day it hears voice calling: “Coleman Grey!” It leaves with the remark “Ho! ho! ho! My Daddy’s come!” England: *Baughman.

F329.4.2. F329.4.2. Fairy child found and cared for, but it pines away. England: Baughman.

F329.4.3. F329.4.3. Fairy captured by mortal escapes. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F330. F330. Grateful fairies. *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. “Geschenke des kleinen Volkes”; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “fйes”.

F331. F331. Mortal wins fairies‘ gratitude by joining in their sport. Ireland, England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman (F286.2.).

F331.1. F331.1. Mortal wins fairies’ gratitude by joining in their dance. *Type 503; BP III 324ff.; England, Scotland, Wales: *Baughman (F379.5.); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bossu”; Japanese: Mitford 191, Ikeda.

F331.2. F331.2. Mortal wins fairies‘ gratitude by letting them cut his hair and shave him. *Type 503.

F331.3. F331.3. Mortal wins fairies’ gratitude by joining in their song and completing it by adding the names of the days of the week. *Type 503; *BP III 329; Japanese: Ikeda.

F331.4. F331.4. Mortal wins fairies‘ gratitude by playing for their dance. *Type 503; BP III 324ff.; *Fb “spille” III 488b; Hartland Science 180.

F332. F332. Fairy grateful for hospitality. England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 51, Macdougall and Calder 215, 217.

F332.0.1. F332.0.1. Fairy grateful to mortal for daily food. Irish myth: Cross.

F333. F333. Fairy grateful to human midwife. (Cf. F372.1.) Hartland Science 55f.; Scotland, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman.

F334. F334. Fairy grateful to mortal for healing. Hartland Science 57; U.S.: Baughman.

F335. F335. Fairy grateful for loan. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F335.1. F335.1. Fairy grateful for loan of meal causes the vessel to remain full thereafter. (Cf. D1652.1.) Canada, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

F336. F336. Fairies loyal to mortal who owns their knoll. Scotland: Baughman, Macdougall and Calder 193.

F337. F337. Fairy grateful to mortal for saving his life. (Cf. F304.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F337.1. F337.1. Fairy grateful to mortal for saving children’s life. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F338. F338. Fairies grateful to man who repairs their utensils or implements. England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

F339. F339. Other grateful fairies.

F339.1. F339.1. Fairy grateful for rides on man‘s back, warns him his cow is choking. Ireland: Baughman.

F339.2. F339.2. Fairies care for tulip bed out of gratitude to owner for not plucking any of blossoms. England: *Baughman.

F339.3. F339.3. Fairy grateful for returning lost fairy child.

F339.3.1. F339.3.1. Fairies do all house and farm work for family who returns lost child. England: Baughman.

F339.3.2. F339.3.2. Fairies cause all ewes to have two lambs for owner who has returned fairy child. Wales: Baughman.

F340. F340. Gifts from fairies. Type 503; BP III 324; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. “Elbengeschenke”, “Geschenke des kleinen Volkes”; Irish myth: *Cross; French: Saintyves Perrault 72ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction; India: Thompson-Balys.

F340.1. F340.1. Parting fairies leave gifts for newborn princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

F341. F341. Fairies give fulfillment of wishes. Hartland Science 55; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 51; English: Wells 32 (Layamon’s Brut); Wales: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F341.1. F341.1. Fairies give three gifts. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “dons”. Rotunda: Italian Novella.

F341.2. F341.2. Fairy ransoms self with wish. Irish myth: Cross.

F341.2.1. F341.2.1. Captured water fairy promises to make ugly man beautiful in return for her release. India: Thompson-Balys.

F342. F342. Fairies give mortal money. Hartland Science 39, 53, 56; Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells (Sir Launfal); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bourse”; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3594.

F342.1. F342.1. Fairy gold. Fairies give coals (wood, earth) that turns to gold. *Type 503; BP I 366, III 324ff.; Hartland Science 57; Fb “kul” II 326b, “guld” I 512, “hцvlspеn” I 762, “jord” II 45b.--England: Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 2; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 47 No. 388; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 434, Index No. *771, 3648; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F342.2. F342.2. Man borrows money from fairy (dwarf, devil). When the man brings the money back, he learns that the fairy was killed by thunder. He keeps the money. German, Swedish, Finnish-Swedish, Estonian, Livonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Kashubish, and Wendish: Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 163--195.

F343. F343. Other presents from fairies.

F343.0.1. F343.0.1. Fairy offers mortal choice of magic objects. (Cf. D813.) Irish myth: Cross.

F343.1. F343.1. Fairies give woman silver spoons. Hartland Science 38.

F343.2. F343.2. Fairies give hunter a dog. Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 285ff.

F343.2.1. F343.2.1. Dogs as gifts from fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.3. F343.3. Fairy smith gives knight a magic sword. English: Wells 32 (Layamon’s Brut); Scotch: Campbell Tales III 122.

F343.4. F343.4. Fairies give avaricious man gift of benevolence. Hartland Science 55.

F343.5. F343.5. Fairies give beautiful clothes. Irish myth: Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 10.

F343.5.1. F343.5.1. Fairy gives magic cloak (and shirt). Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.6. F343.6. Bonga lends dishes to mortals. India: Thompson-Balys.

F343.7. F343.7. Fairy-wife furnishes provisions. India: Thompson-Balys.

F343.8. F343.8. Fairy leaves goats as purchase price for girl he has carried off. India: Thompson-Balys.

F343.9. F343.9. Fairy gives man horses, cattle, etc. Irish myth: *Cross; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F343.9.1. F343.9.1. Horses as fairy gifts. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F343.10. F343.10. Fairy gives warrior equipment for soldiers. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.10.1. F343.10.1. Fairy gives person magic sword. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.10.2. F343.10.2. Fairy gives person magic spear. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.10.3. F343.10.3. Fairy gives person invulnerable shield. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.11. F343.11. Fairy offers man change of form and feature for aid in battle. Irish myth: Cross.

F343.12. F343.12. Grateful fairy gives ring. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 277.

F343.13. F343.13. Fairy gives mortals a child. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F343.14. F343.14. Golden cup (bowl, urn) as gifts from otherworld inhabitants. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.15. F343.15. Magic apple as fairy gift. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.16. F343.16. Gigantic ox rib as gift from fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.16.1. F343.16.1. Gigantic hog rib as gift from fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F343.17. F343.17. Fairies give haymakers dinner each year until one of men keeps a fairy knife. They give no more food even though the man returns the knife. (Cf. F353.) England: Baughman.

F343.18. F343.18. Fairies return hatchet head lost in river. England: Baughman.

F343.19. F343.19. Fairies give mortals fairy bread.

F343.19.1. F343.19.1. Fairy bread must be eaten same day it is given or it turns to toadstools. Wales: Baughman.

F343.20. F343.20. Sack of coals as fairy gift. India: Thompson-Balys.

F344. F344. Fairies heal mortals. Irish myth: *Cross.

F344.1. F344.1. Fairies remove hunchback‘s hump (or replace it). *Type 503; BP III 324ff.; RTP I 129, 186, III 582, V 690, VIII 549, IX 285, X 124, XX 389, XXII 79, XXVII 490; Clouston Tales I 352; FL XIX 324ff.--Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 205ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bossu”; cf. Japanese: Mitford 191ff., Ikeda.

F344.2. F344.2. Fairy physician can heal anyone whose spine is not severed. Irish myth: Cross.

F344.3. F344.3. Fairies give man white powder to cure mortals, replenish his supply whenever needed. England: Baughman.

F345. F345. Fairies instructs mortals. Irish myth: *Cross.

F345.1. F345.1. Fairies teach mortal to walk under water. Irish myth: *Cross.

F345.2. F345.2. Supernatural person (poet) reveals marital infidelity. Irish myth: *Cross.

F346. F346. Fairy helps mortal with labor. England, Scotland, Wales: *Baughman; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 187; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3695; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 4; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 181 No. 36.

F346.0.1. F346.0.1. Fairy serves mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

F346.1. F346.1. Fairies make shoes for shoemaker. German: Grimm No. 39; BP I 364.

F346.2. F346.2. Fairies build house for mortal. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 508, 510.

F347. F347. Fairy adviser. Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 199, 223; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14f.

F347.1. F347.1. Bonga made village headman and advice asked. India: Thompson-Balys.

F348. F348. Tabus connected with fairy gifts.

F348.0.1. F348.0.1. Fairy gift disappears or is turned to something worthless when tabu is broken. German: Grimm No. 182; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *771.

F348.1. F348.1. Fairy gift not to be taken to earth. Hartland Science 50.

F348.2. F348.2. Cup given by fairy not to be broken. Bad luck will follow (Luck of Edenhall). Hartland Science 156f.; Grцning Am Urquell IV 101f., 208f.; Sprenger ibid. V 34, VI 41, *191 n. 1; Grimm Deutsche Sagen No. 547.

F348.3. F348.3. Fairy gift not to leave possession of mortal‘s family. Bad luck will follow. Hartland Science 56.

F348.4. F348.4. Gifts of gold and silver not to be accepted from fairies. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 277.

F348.5. F348.5. Mortal not to recognize fairy who gives him gift. Hartland Science 57.

F348.5.1. F348.5.1. Mortal not to betray secret of fairies‘ gift. Wales, England: *Baughman.

F348.5.1.1. F348.5.1.1. Mortal not to tell secret of gift of inexhaustible meat. India: Thompson-Balys.

F348.5.2. F348.5.2. Mortal not to thank fairy for gifts. England: *Baughman (F451.5.10.9).

F348.6. F348.6. Gifts of the fairies must never be measured or counted. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3694.

F348.7. F348.7. Tabu: telling of fairy gifts; the gifts cease. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F348.7.1. F348.7.1. Abuse of fairy gifts brings about their loss. Wales: Baughman.

F348.8. F348.8. Tabu: mortal for whom fairy works must not watch him at work. England, Scotland, Wales: *Baughman.

F348.9. F348.9. Gift barrel of ale which never runs dry goes dry when maid looks into bunghole. England: Baughman.

F348.9.1. F348.9.1. Fairy gifts turn to paper when shown. (Cf. F342.1, F348.0.1.) Wales: Baughman.

F349. F349. Gifts from fairies--miscellaneous.

F349.1. F349.1. Fairy aids mortal in flight. Irish myth: *Cross.

F349.2. F349.2. Fairy aids mortal in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

F349.3. F349.3. Fairies exile devastating host. Irish myth: Cross.

F349.4. F349.4. Fairy promises abundant crops, etc., to mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F350. F350. Theft from fairies.

F351. F351. Theft of money from fairies. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F351.1. F351.1. Theft of money from fairies by joining unperceived in their game of money-throwing. Hartland Science 139; England: *Baughman.

F351.2. F351.2. Theft of money from fairies by frightening them away from it. Hartland Science 140.

F352. F352. Theft of cup (drinking horn) from fairies. Fb “guldhorn” I 513; Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 206ff., (1928) 144ff.; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 590, *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 65 No. 559.

F352.1. F352.1. Theft of cup (drinking horn) from fairies when they offer mortal drink. Hartland Science 141--159 passim; Boberg Festskrift til Hammerich, 1952, 53--61.--England: *Baughman.

F352.2. F352.2. Theft of vessel from water-deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

F353. F353. Kettle borrowed from fairies and not returned. (Cf. F343.17.) Hartland Science 244; England: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F354. F354. Fairy‘s ornament snatched. Irish myth: Cross.

F355. F355. King’s crown stolen from fairyland. Irish myth: Cross.

F356. F356. Fairy cattle (bull, cow) stolen. Irish myth: *Cross.

F357. F357. Unsuccessful attempt to steal fairy necklace. Irish myth: *Cross.

F358. F358. Money borrowed from the fairies and not returned on time. England: *Baughman.

F359. F359. Theft from fairies--miscellaneous.

F359.1. F359.1. Eggs stolen from fairies. India: Thompson-Balys.

F359.2. F359.2. Theft of golden bird from fairies. India: Thompson-Balys.

F360. F360. Malevolent or destructive fairies (= pixies). Saintyves Perrault 83ff.; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 62, Beal XXI 324; Icelandic: Boberg, Papua: Ker 73.

F360.0.1. F360.0.1. Malevolent or hostile beings in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F360.1. F360.1. Fairies pursue unbaptized children. *Fb “udшbt” III 959b.

F361. F361. Fairy’s revenge. Irish myth: *Cross.

F361.1. F361.1. Fairy takes revenge for being slighted.

F361.1.1. F361.1.1. Fairy takes revenge for not being invited to feast. *Type 410; BP I 434ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F361.1.2. F361.1.2. Fairy takes revenge for not being offered food (drink). Irish myth: Cross.

F361.1.2.1. F361.1.2.1. Fairy takes revenge for mortal‘s failure to bring food and drink to fairy son’s wedding. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F361.2. F361.2. Fairy takes revenge for theft. Hartland Science 141, 143; Jacobs‘s list s.v. “Red Cap”; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 52.

F361.2.1. F361.2.1. Fairy recovers stolen cup by posing as a beggar. Hartland Science 141.

F361.2.2. F361.2.2. Fairies cause man to lose his senses after he steals flower while visiting them. Wales: Baughman.

F361.2.3. F361.2.3. Fairies bind man fast to ground after he has attempted to capture fairy prince and princess. England: Baughman.

F361.2.4. F361.2.4. Fairy gifts stop when man steals fairy knife. England: Baughman.

F361.3. F361.3. Fairies take revenge on person who spies on them. Spy uses magic salve on one eye. Fairies tear out the eye. Hartland Science 66ff.; Jacob’s list s.v. “Fairy salve”.--Irish: Cross, E. Andrews Ulster Folklore (New York, 1919) 66f.; Welsh: Rhys Celtic Folklore I 63, 98f., 198, 213, 220--228, 241f., 292; English: FLJ II 154; Icelandic: Rittershaus 303; Fдroe: Jiriczek Zs. f. Vksk. II 13 No. 14; Danish: Thiele DF II 202f.; German: Meyer Germanen 182; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3276f.; Legends Nos. 429, 431, 433, 438ff., 442, 444, 447; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 47 No. 388; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

F361.3.1. F361.3.1. Fairies leave work unfinished when overseen. (Cf. F271.2.1, F271.5.) Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman.

F361.3.2. F361.3.2. Fairies chase person who watches them dance. England: Baughman (F261.4.)

F361.4. F361.4. Fairies take revenge on trespassers on ground they claim as theirs. *Fb “stald” III 534ab; Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 191; Scotland, Ireland, U.S.: Baughman.

F361.5. F361.5. Fairies punish girl who pours hot water into their spring. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 47 No. 392.

F361.6. F361.6. Fairies slay wooer (or his kin) of fairy maiden. Irish myth: Cross.

F361.7. F361.7. Fairies take revenge on mortals who hold their king captive. Irish myth: *Cross.

F361.8. F361.8. Fairy takes revenge for slaying of his relatives. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F361.9. F361.9. Fairies take revenge for being dishonored. Irish myth: Cross.

F361.10. F361.10. Fairies take revenge for being teased. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3693.

F361.11. F361.11. Fairies threaten watcher of sheep. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3696.

F361.12. F361.12. Fairies take revenge on mortals who destroy their homes. Irish myth: *Cross; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F361.13. F361.13. Fairies take revenge for cheating. England: Baughman.

F361.14. F361.14. Fairy punishes servant girl who fails to leave food for him. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F361.15. F361.15. Fairies punish mortals who refuse to eat fairy food given them. England, Ireland: *Baughman.

F361.16. F361.16. Fairies punish person who needs punishing because of his treatment of other mortals. (Cf. F311.1.) England, Scotland: *Baughman.

F361.17. F361.17. Other punishments by fairies.

F361.17.1. F361.17.1. Fairies lame miller who throws sod into his kiln where fairies are cooking oatmeal; the oatmeal scalds them. England: *Baughman.

F361.17.2. F361.17.2. Fairies take revenge on smith who disturbs them in the smithy when he returns after dark to get medicine. Ireland: Baughman.

F361.17.3. F361.17.3. Fairies pinch plowboy who breaks their wooden oven as he plows. England: Baughman.

F361.17.4. F361.17.4. Fairy breaks leg of servant girl who tells lies about him. Scotland: Baughman.

F361.17.5. F361.17.5. Fairies bathe children in churn when housewife forgets to leave a supply of clear water for the fairies. Ireland: Baughman.

F361.17.6. F361.17.6. Fairy kills dog that refuses to let fairy sleep in stack. Scotland: Baughman.

F361.17.7. F361.17.7. Fairy kills man who refuses his hospitality. Man refuses to visit fairy after being invited. (Cf. F361.15.) England: Baughman.

F361.17.8. F361.17.8. Fairies chase man who dares them to come chase him. He barely gets home ahead of them; they drive iron javelin through iron-covered door. (Cf. C20.) England: *Baughman.

F361.17.9. F361.17.9. Fairy mistress strikes her disobedient human lover on the face and predicts death. India: Thompson-Balys.

F362. F362. Fairies cause disease. Kittredge Witchcraft 33, 147, cf. 218; Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 225; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F362.1. F362.1. Fairies cause blindness. Hartland Science 66ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

F362.2. F362.2. Fairies cause insanity. *Fb “ellepige” I 242a, “ellefolk” I 241b, “sжr” III 723b; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F362.3. F362.3. Fairies cause weakness. Irish myth: *Cross.

F362.4. F362.4. Fairy causes mutilation (injury). Irish myth: *Cross.

F363. F363. Fairies cause death. (Cf. F364.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F363.1. F363.1. Fairies, directed by druid, bring about death of king by causing fish-bone to stick in his throat. Irish myth: *Cross.

F363.2. F363.2. Brownie (Redcap, Redcomb, Bloody Cap) murders travelers, catches their blood in his cap. England: Baughman.

F363.3. F363.3. Sight of fairies fatal. India: Thompson-Balys.

F363.4. F363.4. Fairy’s look burns mortal to ashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F363.5. F363.5. Fairy calls her victim only once or twice. India: Thompson-Balys.

F363.6. F363.6. Fairies tickle mortals to death. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F364. F364. War between fairies and mortals. Irish myth: *Cross.

F364.1. F364.1. Fairy warriors sit upon mortals and thus kill them. Irish myth: *Cross.

F364.2. F364.2. Fairies wrestle with mortals. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F364.3. F364.3. War between fairies and giants. India: Thompson-Balys.

F365. F365. Fairies steal. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b, “stjжle” III 576a; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, Ireland: *Baughman.

F365.0.1. F365.0.1. Fairy steals on Hallowe‘en. Irish myth: Cross.

F365.1. F365.1. Fairies steal ass. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “вne”.

F365.2. F365.2. Fairies steal anchor. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ancre”.

F365.3. F365.3. Fairies occupy peasant’s house. *Fb “hus” I 687a.

F365.4. F365.4. Fairy (bonga) steals part of crop. India: Thompson-Balys.

F365.5. F365.5. Fairies steal pieces as mortal plays draughts with fairy woman. Irish myth: Cross.

F365.6. F365.6. Fairies steal cattle (pig). Irish myth: *Cross.

F365.7. F365.7. Fairies steal cooking. Irish myth: *Cross.

F365.8. F365.8. Fairies steal wool. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F366. F366. Fairies abuse livestock.

F366.1. F366.1. Fairies milk mortal‘s cows dry. *Kittredge Witchcraft 166, 484 n. 23; Fb “ko” II 240b; England: Baughman.

F366.1.1. F366.1.1. Fairies milk mortal’s mare. Hartland Science 130.

F366.1.2. F366.1.2. Fairies admit calves to cows, depriving children of milk. Irish myth: *Cross.

F366.1.3. F366.1.3. Fairies ride farmer‘s calves. England: *Baughman.

F366.2. F366.2. Fairies ride mortal’s horses at night. *Kittredge Witchcraft 219f., 526ff. nn. 65--77; Fb “marelok” II 553; England, U.S.: *Baughman; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 127 No. 60; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 60.

F366.2.1. F366.2.1. Fairies plait manes and tails of horses. Canada, England: *Baughman.

F366.2.2. F366.2.2. Fairy rides behind man on horse. Ireland: Baughman.

F366.3. F366.3. Fairies in form of devastating animals kill flocks. Irish myth: Cross.

F366.4. F366.4. Fairies control prosperity. Irish myth: Cross.

F366.5. F366.5. Fairy hangs on to carriage on road. (Cf. E272.1.) England: Baughman.

F367. F367. Destructive fairy drink. Upon returning to earth mortal pours out drink which had been offered by fairies. It burns up whatever it touches. Hartland Science 144.

F368. F368. Human beings as game in fairy hunt. India: Thompson-Balys.

F369. F369. Malevolent fairies--miscellaneous.

F369.1. F369.1. Fairies set fire to buildings. Irish myth: *Cross.

F369.2. F369.2. Fairies defile waters Irish myth: *Cross.

F369.3. F369.3. Fairy kills mortal‘s hound (horses). Irish myth: Cross.

F369.4. F369.4. Fairy tricks mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F369.4.1. F369.4.1. Fairy incites mortals to war. Irish myth: *Cross.

F369.5. F369.5. Fairies destroy crops. Irish myth: *Cross.

F369.5.1. F369.5.1. Fairies snip corn from stalks. Irish myth: *Cross.

F369.6. F369.6. Fairy prevents butter coming. (Cf. D2084.2.) U.S.: Baughman.

F369.7. F369.7. Fairies lead travelers astray. (Cf. E272.10, F401.3, F491.1.) Canada, England, Ireland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F369.8. F369.8. Elephants become lean from listening too much to fairy music; cannot graze. India: Thompson-Balys.

F370. F370. Visit to fairyland. BP II 329.--Irish myth: *Cross; Danish: Feilberg DF V 55ff.; Norwegian: Solheim Register 18f.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F371. F371. Human being reared in fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross; Scotland: Baughman.

F372. F372. Fairies take human nurse to attend fairy child. Irish myth: *Cross; English: *Child I 358 No. 40; England, Scotland: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nourrice”.

F372.1. F372.1. Fairies take human midwife to attend fairy woman. (Cf. F333.) *Hartland Science 37--92; *Fb “jordemoder”; *BP I 367; Wentz Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries (London, 1911) 49f., 54, 131, 140, 175, 182; Tobler 76.--English: Child I 358ff. No. 40, II 505f., III 505f., IV 459a, V 215b, 290b; Scottish: J. G. Campbell Superstitions 147; England, Scotland, Ireland, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: Gцngu Hrуlfs saga 275ff.; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 44 No. 41; Danish: Feilberg DF V 69ff., Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 330ff., (1928) 210ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “sage-femme”, “fйes”; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

F372.2. F372.2. Fairies seek human godparent. *BP I 366; Hartland Science 170.

F372.2.1. F372.2.1. Old man as godfather to underground folk. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 43 No. 56; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 126 No. 56.

F373. F373. Mortal abandons world to live in fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F374. F374. Longing in fairyland to visit home. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F375. F375. Mortals as captives in fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F376. F376. Mortal as servant in fairyland. *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 396 s.v. “Dienst bei elbischen Wesen”; Irish myth: *Cross; Danish: Feilberg DF V 84ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 440.

F376.1. F376.1. Tailor works in fairyland. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 439, Balys Historical.

F377. F377. Supernatural lapse of time in fairyland. Years seem days. *Hartland Science 161--195; Jacobs’s list s.v. “Time flies”; *Child I 321 n.; *Burnham PMLA XXIII 394 n. 2; Fb “glemme” IV 181a.--Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 585; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 265, Ikeda; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 280; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 157, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 185, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 177.

F377.1. F377.1. Supernatural lapse of time in paradise. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F377.2. F377.2. Year seems few hours in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F378. F378. Tabus connected with trip to fairyland. (Cf. F348.5, F361.3.)

F378.0.1. F378.0.1. Mortal expelled from fairyland for breaking tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

F378.1. F378.1. Tabu: touching ground on return from fairyland. Hartland Science 164f.; Irish myth: *Cross; England: Baughman.

F378.2. F378.2. Tabu: bathing or touching water in lake in fairyland. India: Thompson-Balys.

F378.3. F378.3. Mortal visiting in fairyland must keep his thought on the fairies. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F378.4. F378.4. Tabu: drinking from certain well in fairyland. Person does, finds himself alone on hillside. (Cf. C260.) Wales: *Baughman.

F378.5. F378.5. Tabu: plucking flowers from bed tended by fairies. England: *Baughman.

F378.6. F378.6. Tabu: using fairy bath water, soap, or ointment on oneself while bathing fairy child. (Cf. F235.4.) England: Baughman.

F379. F379. Fairy visits: miscellaneous.

F379.1. F379.1. Return from fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F379.1.1. F379.1.1. No return from fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F379.2. F379.2. Objects brought home from fairyland.

F379.2.1. F379.2.1. Book (medical) brought back from otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F379.2.2. F379.2.2. Tokens brought back by mortal returning from fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F379.3. F379.3. Man lives with fairies seven years. Wales: Baughman.

F379.4. F379.4. Saint visits king of fairies on invitation of fairy king. Saint sprinkles holy water on fairy king, finds himself alone on hill. Wales: Baughman.

F380. F380. Defeating or ridding oneself of fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F381. F381. Getting rid of fairies.

F381.1. F381.1. Fairy leaves when he is named. BP I 366; cf. Type 500.

F381.2. F381.2. Fairies leaves when mortal strews peas in his path. BP I 365.

F381.2.1. F381.2.1. Escape from pursuing fairies by strewing path with bananas. Africa (Ashanti): Rattray 55.

F381.3. F381.3. Fairy leaves when he is given clothes. BP I 364; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman.

F381.4. F381.4. Fairy escaped by learning and using his secrets. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 56 No. 484.

F381.5. F381.5. Fairy lured away from house by treasure which he claims. India: Thompson-Balys.

F381.6. F381.6. Fairy leaves when druid utters spell that drowns her voice. Irish myth: *Cross.

F381.7. F381.7. Fairies leave when people do their needs where they live. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F381.8. F381.8. Spinning fairies lured away from the house by fire alarm. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3698.

F381.9. F381.9. Fairies will not approach when dogs are present. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F381.10. F381.10. Fairies leave when person watches them at work. (Cf. F348.10.)

F381.11. F381.11. Fairy leaves when given impossible tasks to do. Scotland: Baughman.

F381.12. F381.12. Fairies leave when ordered to fight each other. Scotland: Baughman.

F381.13. F381.13. Fairies leave when thanked for their work. (Cf. F451.5.10.9.)

F382. F382. Exorcising fairies. Fairies disappear when some name or ceremony of the Christian Church is used. Hartland Science 107, 127, 130, 138f., 166; Fb “Kristen” II 300, “dшbe” I 227, “messevin” II 582, “trold” III 852a; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; England: Baughman; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 74; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 50 No. 416.

F382.1. F382.1. Fairies fear the cross. England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F382.2. F382.2. Holy water breaks fairy spell. (Cf. G303.16.7.) U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F382.3. F382.3. Use of God‘s name nullifies fairies’ power. (Cf. D1766.7, G303.16.8.) Wales: Baughman.

F382.4. F382.4. Opening Holy Bible in presence of fairies nullifies their spells. England: Baughman.

F382.5. F382.5. Chanting song of St. Nicholas drives fairy away. U.S.: Baughman.

F382.6. F382.6. Asking grace at fairy banquet causes fairies and banquet to disappear. (Cf. G271.2.3.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

F383. F383. Fairy rendered powerless.

F383.1. F383.1. Fairy unable to pass cross-roads. Hartland Science 142.

F383.2. F383.2. Fairy unable to cross running stream. Hartland Science 144; England, U.S.: Baughman.

F383.3. F383.3. Fairy unable to cross plowed ground. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F383.4. F383.4. Fairy must leave at cockcrow. Type 503; Hartland Science 145; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 229.

F383.4.1. F383.4.1. Fairy prince becomes mortal when surprised by daylight. India: Thompson-Balys.

F383.4.2. F383.4.2. Fairies leave at rise of morning star. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 336.

F383.4.3. F383.4.3. Sunlight fatal to fairies. Maori: Clark 98.

F383.5. F383.5. Transformed fairy warriors disenchanted when attacked. Irish myth: *Cross.

F384. F384. Magic objects powerful against fairies. England: Baughman; Irish: Beal XXI 324.

F384.1. F384.1. Salt powerful against fairies.

F384.1.1. F384.1.1. Salt renders fairy mortal. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “sel”.

F384.1.2. F384.1.2. Salt sprinkled on fairy food renders it harmless. Hartland Science 128; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 523f.

F384.2. F384.2. Steel powerful against fairies. Fb “stеl” III 647a; Wales, U.S.: Baughman.

F384.3. F384.3. Iron powerful against fairies. Hartland Science 163f.; Penzer II 166; Irish myth: Cross, Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 59 No. 504; Japanese: Ikeda.

F384.4. F384.4. Wearing flowers on one’s ears protects from fairies. India: Thompson-Balys.

F385. F385. Means of averting fairy spells.

F385.1. F385.1. Fairy spell averted by turning coat. This is supposed to reverse the spell. *Kittredge Witchcraft 215, 523 n. 21.

F386. F386. Fairy punished.

F386.1. F386.1. Fairy imprisoned in tree. (Cf. F386.5.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F386.1.1. F386.1.1. Fairy harper enclosed in yew-tree. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 73.

F386.2. F386.2. Fairy punished for marrying a mortal. India: Thompson-Balys.

F386.3. F386.3. Troublesome bonga (fairy) pegged to ground and placed under stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

F386.4. F386.4. Fairy transformed as punishment. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F386.5. F386.5. Fairy imprisoned as punishment. (Cf. F386.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F387. F387. Fairy captured. Irish myth: *Cross.

F388. F388. Fairies depart.

F388.1. F388.1. Fairies depart to heaven. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 333.

F388.2. F388.2. Fairies depart to floating island. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 330.

F389. F389. Fairies otherwise defeated.

F389.1. F389.1. Fairies driven off with fire. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b; India: Thompson-Balys.

F389.2. F389.2. Abduction of Christianized fairy woman by fairies prevented by saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

F389.3. F389.3. Fairy wounded by mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F389.4. F389.4. Fairy killed by mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F389.5. F389.5. Fairy defeated by druid‘s magic. Irish myth: *Cross.

F390. F390. Fairies--miscellaneous motifs.

F391. F391. Fairies borrow from mortals. *Fb “ellefolk” I 241b.

F391.1. F391.1. Animals borrowed by fairies. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “animaux”.

F391.1.1. F391.1.1. Ox lent fairies must not be worked after sunset. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “boeuf”.

F391.2. F391.2. Fairies borrow food from mortals. Scotland, Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

F391.3. F391.3. Fairies borrow tools to make coffin. Ireland: Baughman.

F392. F392. Fairy transforms self to fly, allows self to be swallowed by woman and reborn as fairy. Malone PMLA XLIII 417.

F393. F393. Fairy visits among mortals. Irish myth: *Cross.

F393.0.1. F393.0.1. Fairy dissatisfied with fairyland leaves to live among mortals. Irish myth: *Cross.

F393.1. F393.1. Fairy minstrel lives among mortals to learn of their heroic deeds. (Cf. F262.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

F393.2. F393.2. Fairy appears to mortal each Hallowe’en. Irish myth: Cross.

F393.3. F393.3. Impoverished fairy seeks fortune among mortals. Irish myth: Cross.

F393.4. F393.4. Otherworld woman appears to mortal in sleep. Irish myth: *Cross.

F394. F394. Mortals help fairies.

F394.1. F394.1. Mortal advises fairy. Irish myth: Cross.

F394.1.1. F394.1.1. Druid directs fairies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F394.2. F394.2. Mortals aid fairies in war. Irish myth: *Cross.

F395. F395. Fairy has power to prevent mortal’s approach. Irish myth: Cross.

F396. F396. Mortals place selves under protection of fairies. Irish myth: Cross.

F397. F397. Fairy woman exhibits her figure to warriors. Is most beautiful of women. Irish myth: Cross.

F398. F398. Hair burned to summon fairies. India: Thompson-Balys.

F399. F399. Other fairy motifs.

F399.1. F399.1. Fairies bear dead warrior to fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F399.2. F399.2. Fairies protect selves by means of smoke. Irish myth: Cross.

F399.3. F399.3. Fairies hate clerics. Irish myth: *Cross.

F399.4. F399.4. Playful or troublesome fairies. England: *Baughman.

F399.4.1. F399.4.1. Fairies sport with mortal. India: Thompson-Balys.

F400--F499.

F400--F499. Spirits and demons.

F400. F400. Spirits and demons (general). *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “Demons and Spirits”; Roscher s.v. “Daimon” I 938; Pauly-Wissowa s.v. “Daimon” IV 2010; Wehrhan Die Sage 59f.; *Runeberg Witches, Demons and Fertility Magic (Helsinki, 1947); *Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Dдmonen”.--Irish myth: *Cross; Dutch: *Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 52ff.; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 37ff. Nos. 1--39; Slovenian: *L. Kretzenbacher Germanische Mythen in der epischen Volksdichtung der Slowenen (Graz, 1941); Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 316, IV passim, Neuman; Chinese: Werner 402; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 244.

F400.1. F400.1. Geniti (geilti) glinne, bбnбnaig, bocбnaig, and other supernatural beings associated with confusion or strife. Irish myth: *Cross.

F401. F401. Appearance of spirits.

F401.1. F401.1. Spirits dressed in antique clothes. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 19. See Irving‘s Rip Van Winkle.

F401.2. F401.2. Luminous spirits. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 306 No. 13.

F401.3. F401.3. Spirit in animal form. West Indies: Flowers 433.

F401.3.0.1. F401.3.0.1. Demons on animal feet. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 33.

F401.3.1. F401.3.1. Spirit in form of horse. Demon horse. *Howey 35ff.

F401.3.2. F401.3.2. Ox demon. Chinese: Werner 362.

F401.3.3. F401.3.3. Spirit as black dog. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 25.

F401.3.3.1. F401.3.3.1. Waumpaus: monster with huge dog tracks. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 687.

F401.3.4. F401.3.4. Spirit as fly going into bottle. Fb “lille” II 428.

F401.3.4.1. F401.3.4.1. Demon in form of wasp. Irish myth: Cross.

F401.3.4.2. F401.3.4.2. Spirit in ant form. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 75.

F401.3.5. F401.3.5. Spirits with goose (chicken) feet. Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 225.

F401.3.6. F401.3.6. Demon in form of hare. Irish myth: Cross.

F401.3.7. F401.3.7. Spirit in form of a bird.

F401.3.7.1. F401.3.7.1. Demon in form of crow. Irish myth: Cross.

F401.3.7.2. F401.3.7.2. Demons in form of black birds. Irish myth: *Cross.

F401.3.8. F401.3.8. Spirits in form of snake. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 15, 54.

F401.4. F401.4. Spirits without heads (or with heads under arms). *Grunwald Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXX--XXXI 317 (cf. F511.0.1., F531.2.1); Irish myth: *Cross.

F401.4.1. F401.4.1. Spirit has half head. Irish myth: *Cross.

F401.5. F401.5. Spirits appear horrible. Irish myth: *Cross.

F401.5.1. F401.5.1. Spirit in form of horrible head. Irish myth: Cross.

F401.6. F401.6. Spirit in human form. Irish myth: *Cross.

F401.7. F401.7. Fire-breathing spirit. Irish myth: Cross.

F401.8. F401.8. Gigantic spirit. Irish myth: *Cross.

F401.9. F401.9. Spirit with feet turned wrong way. (Cf. F451.2.2.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F402. F402. Evil spirits. Demons. See whole chapter “G” for witches and ogres.--Greek: Grote I 66.

F402.1. F402.1. Deeds of evil spirits.

F402.1.1. F402.1.1. Spirit leads person astray. *Kittredge Witchcraft 215, 523 nn. 19, 20.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 83; India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.1.2. F402.1.2. Spirit blocks person‘s road. Irish myth: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 99, Beal XXI 331; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 12.

F402.1.3. F402.1.3. Spirits tangle up peasant‘s cows. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 121.

F402.1.4. F402.1.4. Demons assume human forms in order to deceive. Kittredge Witchcraft 223f., 530 nn. 98--101.--Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 4, 6f., 18f., 32, 39, 41f., 46, 49, 51f., 60f., 61, 188.

F402.1.4.1. F402.1.4.1. Demon takes on form of God to deceive faithful. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

F402.1.5. F402.1.5. Demon causes disease. Irish myth: *Cross.

F402.1.5.1. F402.1.5.1. Demons seek to carry off king‘s soul. Irish myth: *Cross.

F402.1.6. F402.1.6. Spirit causes weakness. Irish myth: *Cross.

F402.1.7. F402.1.7. Demon of gluttony devours man’s food in his throat. Irish myth: Cross.

F402.1.8. F402.1.8. Spirits put corpse into river. Irish myth: Cross.

F402.1.9. F402.1.9. Spirit delivers false message. Irish myth: Cross.

F402.1.10. F402.1.10. Spirit pursues person. Irish myth: Cross.

F402.1.11. F402.1.11. Spirit causes death.

F402.1.11.1. F402.1.11.1. Spirit (devil) sent by druids cause death of Christian king. Irish myth: Cross.

F402.1.11.2. F402.1.11.2. Evil spirit kills and eats person. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 88.

F402.1.11.3. F402.1.11.3. Evil spirit harpoons sleepers. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 68.

F402.1.11.4. F402.1.11.4. Evil spirit‘s kiss fatal. Korean: Zong in-Sob 18.

F402.1.12. F402.1.12. Spirit fights against person. Irish myth: *Cross.

F402.1.13. F402.1.13. Ship held back by otherworld women. Irish myth: Cross.

F402.1.14. F402.1.14. Spirit and horses. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F402.1.15. F402.1.15. Demon suitors of girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.1.15.1. F402.1.15.1. Demon seduces princess as she bathes at seashore. India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.2. F402.2. Government of demons.

F402.2.1. F402.2.1. King of demons (Asmodeus). Jewish: *Ginzberg Jewish Encyclopaedia s.v. “Asmodeus”, bin Gorion Born Judas I 230, *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.2.2. F402.2.2. Queen of demons. Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas II 177, 351.

F402.2.3. F402.2.3. Child of demon king marries mortal. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 234ff., 243ff., 249, 376f.

F402.3. F402.3. City of demons. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 229.

F402.4. F402.4. Demons eat ravenously. Irish myth: *Cross.

F402.5. F402.5. Creation of demons.

F402.5.1. F402.5.1. Demon formed from charmed apples. Irish myth: Cross.

F402.6. F402.6. Dwelling of demons.

F402.6.1. F402.6.1. Demon lives in tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.6.1.1. F402.6.1.1. Demon lives at root of tree. Cook Island: Beckwith Myth 252.

F402.6.2. F402.6.2. Demons live in waste mound. India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.6.3. F402.6.3. Demons live in well. India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.6.4. F402.6.4. Demons live in white cliff with hole in it. (Cf. F460) India: Thompson-Balys.

F402.6.4.1. F402.6.4.1. Spirits live in caves. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 6f, 18f, 32, 34, 39, 41f., 46, 49, 51f, 60f, 188.

F402.7. F402.7. Family of demons. India: Thompson-Balys.

F403. F403. Good spirits. Greek: Grote I 66.

F403.1. F403.1. Spirits give money to mortal. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 319 No. 24.

F403.2. F403.2. Spirits help mortal. Familiar spirits. **Feilberg Nissens Historie; *Polнvka Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 226 n. 8, XXVIII 41 n. 2; Dickson 121 n. 64, 213 n. 143; Kittredge Witchcraft 613 s.v. “familiars”.--Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 97, 267, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 91; West Indies: Flowers 433.

F403.2.1. F403.2.1. Acquisition of familiar spirit.

F403.2.1.1. F403.2.1.1. Familiar spirit acquired by carrying egg under left arm-pit. *Polнvka Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 41ff.

F403.2.2. F403.2.2. Form of familiar spirit.

F403.2.2.1. F403.2.2.1. Familiar spirit in animal form. *Kittredge Witchcraft 613 s.v. “familiars”; Tobler 37; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 61.

F403.2.2.2. F403.2.2.2. Angels as familiar spirits. Act as servants about the house of saints and serve them otherwise. Irish: Plummer clxxxi, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F403.2.2.3. F403.2.2.3. Familiar spirit equivalent to man’s soul. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 10f.

F403.2.2.4. F403.2.2.4. Spirit in bottle (bag) as helper. Norlind Skattsдgner 47ff.

F403.2.2.5. F403.2.2.5. Demon as familiar spirit. Irish myth: *Cross.

F403.2.2.6. F403.2.2.6. Spirit as small black man. German: Grimm No. 116.

F403.2.3. F403.2.3. Deeds of familiar spirits.

F403.2.3.1. F403.2.3.1. Spirit in hornet form guards a treasure. Tobler 37.

F403.2.3.2. F403.2.3.2. Spirit gives warning. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 22; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 225, Rink 120.

F403.2.3.3. F403.2.3.3. Spirits teach boy how to sing. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 26.

F403.2.3.4. F403.2.3.4. Familiar spirit brings news with magic speed. Kittredge Witchcraft 216f., 524 n. 36.

F403.2.3.5. F403.2.3.5. Familiar spirit reveals infidelity of man‘s wife. Irish myth: Cross.

F403.2.3.6. F403.2.3.6. Spirit gives counsel. Irish myth: Cross.

F403.2.3.7. F403.2.3.7. Army of spirits and ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys.

F404. F404. Means of summoning spirits.

F404.1. F404.1. Spirit must speak as soon as addressed. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 125.

F404.2. F404.2. Conjuring spirits. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 301 No. 22, 304 No. 24, 313 No. 98, 319 No. 31; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 78.

F405. F405. Means of combating spirits.

F405.1. F405.1. Priest bans spirit with sword. (Cf. D1081.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 17.

F405.2. F405.2. Spirits driven off by knife-thrusts and pistol shots. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 97.

F405.3. F405.3. Spirits deceived by drum-beats and hoodwinkings. Chinese: Werner 163.

F405.4. F405.4. Spirit (demon) baffled by scolding and getting last word. English: Child I 20--22, 485a, II 496b, 509a, III 496a, IV 440a.

F405.5. F405.5. Cat, dog, and mouse ward off evil spirit. Man takes these animals along with him as protection. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 28.

F405.5.1. F405.5.1. Dogs protect house from spirits. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 61.

F405.6. F405.6. Grain scattered as a means of dispersing spirits. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 329 No. 50.

F405.7. F405.7. Spirit leaves when report is made of the death of one of his kind. *Taylor Washington University Studies X (Humanistic Series) 23--60; **Boberg Sagnet om den Store Pans Dшd (Kшbenhavn, 1934).--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 45 No. 374; Scandinavian: Hartmann Die Trollvorstellungen (Stuttgart, 1936) 73; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 58 No. 101.

F405.7.1. F405.7.1. “Tell to mill-mouse that the field-mouse is dead.” India: Thompson-Balys.

F405.8. F405.8. Spirits leave when report is made of fire at their home. Denied readmittance. *Taylor Washington University Studies X (Humanistic Series) 77--79 n. 181.

F405.9. F405.9. Spirit overcome by driving stake through body it inhabits. Irish myth: *Cross.

F405.10. F405.10. Demons flee stone (when saint steps upon it). Irish myth: *Cross

F405.11. F405.11. House spirit leaves when gift of clothing is left for it. (Cf. F348.11.) England: *Baughman.

F405.12. F405.12. Demons flee from fire. Chinese: Graham.

F405.13. F405.13. Man captures spirit by hiding his stick and leg-wrappers of copper. When spirit gets them back by trickery he disappears. India: Thompson-Balys.

F405.14. F405.14. Evil spirit laid after it is tormented by exorciser. India: Thompson-Balys.

F406. F406. Spirits propitiated.

F406.1. F406.1. Doors left open to let night creatures pass to and fro. *Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol@2 590.

F406.2. F406.2. Food left out for spirits at night. *Fb “offre” II 735a.

F406.3. F406.3. Spirits allow people with faces to ground to pass. Irish myth: Cross.

F406.4. F406.4. Demon of gluttony coaxed from man’s throat with bits of food. Irish myth: Cross.

F407. F407. Departure of spirits.

F407.1. F407.1. Spirit vanishes in smoke. *Kittredge Witchcraft 215f., 524 n. 26.

F407.1.1. F407.1.1. Spirits ascend to heaven by building fire. New Hebrides: Codrington 379.

F407.2. F407.2. Spirit fades into air. Irish myth: Cross.

F408. F408. Habitation of spirit.

F408.1. F408.1. Demon occupies (speaks from) lance (sword). Irish myth: *Cross.

F408.2. F408.2. Spirit in heart of man (fairy). Irish myth: Cross.

F411. F411. How spirits travel.

F411.0.1. F411.0.1. Spirit travels with extraordinary speed. Irish myth: Cross.

F411.1. F411.1. Demon travels in whirlwind. *Taylor FFC LXX 24 n. 1; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 190--197.

F411.2. F411.2. Spirit floats in air. (Cf. F418.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F411.3. F411.3. Demon ship sails against the wind. Irish myth: Cross.

F412. F412. Visibility of spirits.

F412.1. F412.1. Invisible spirit speaks. Tobler 93.

F412.1.1. F412.1.1. Spirits visible to only one person. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 172.

F412.2. F412.2. Spirit made visible by standing on another’s foot. Irish: Beal XXI 336; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 297 No. 1, 298 No. 7.

F413. F413. Origin of spirits. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F414. F414. Spirit carries people.

F414.1. F414.1. Lover transported to girl‘s apartments in fortress by spirit. India: Thompson-Balys.

F414.2. F414.2. Spirit transports miser to treasure-wood. India: Thompson-Balys.

F415. F415. Demon occupies oracular artificial head and gives responses to questions. Dickson 193 n. 75, 201 n. 95.

F416. F416. Spirits set fire to mill. Meet on Christmas (Easter) night. Cease to meet after mortal spies upon them. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 46 No. 379.

F416.1. F416.1. Spirits keep mill from working. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F417. F417. Spirits receive their share of everything made at certain specified times. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 46 No. 380.

F417.1. F417.1. Spirits borrow from mortals at weddings, return goods later. India: Thompson-Balys.

F418. F418. Spirits (demons) hover in air shrieking over battle. (Cf. F411.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F418.1. F418.1. Spirits answer war cry. Irish myth: *Cross.

F419. F419. Spirits and demons--miscellaneous.

F419.1. F419.1. Demons hold horse-race. Irish myth: Cross.

F419.2. F419.2. Thieving spirit. India: Thompson-Balys.

F419.3. F419.3. Special spirit for each species of animal to act as its protector. S.A. Indian (Caviсa, Tumupasa): Mйtraux RBAE CXLIII (3) 448.

F420. F420. Water-spirits.1 *Wehrhan Die Sage 74; *Meyer 101f.; W. Gregor Guardian Spirits of Wells and Locks (FL III 67--73); Roberts 121; Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 210; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 142ff., (1928) 100ff., FochF XI 37; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 45f. Nos. 55--65; Finnish: *Holmberg Finno-Ugric 191ff.; Finnish-Swedish: *Wessman 52ff.; Swedish: Hartmann 27; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 52; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 40ff. Nos. 23--32; Slavic: Mбchal 270ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 298; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff RBAE CXLIII (3) 880, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 50. See also F200--F399 (fairies and elves), F451 (dwarfs) and F460 (mountain-spirits) for many common motifs.

SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR F420, F451 AND F531 AND SUBDIVISIONS

Baader, B., Volkssagen aus dem Lande Baden, Karlsruhe 1951.--Bechstein, L., Die Sagen des Kyffhдusers, 3d. ed., Frankenhausen a. Kyffh., C. Werneburg, 1926.--Bindewald, Th., Oberhessisches Sagenbuch, Frankfurt a. M. 1873.--Bцklen, E. A., Sneewittchenstudien, Berlin 1910.--Brьger, K., Thьringer Sagen, Leipzig 1928.--Calliano, C., Niederцsterreichischer Sagenschatz, 2v., Wien, 1924.--Diezel, K., Oberfrдnkische Sagen, Bayreuth 1924.--Dьmke, O., Havelsagen, Leipzig 1924.--Ebermann, O., Donausagen, Leipzig 1927; Elbsagen, Leipzig 1921.--Eckart, R., Sьdhannoversches Sagenbuch, Leipzig 1921.--Ey, A., Harzmдrchenbuch, oder Sagen und Mдrchen aus dem Oberharz, Stade 1862.--Findeisen, H., Sagen, Mдrchen und Schwдnke von der Insel Hiddensee, Stettin 1925.--Fцrstner, Clara, Kyffhдusersagen, 2ed ed. 1926.--Fцrstner, Clara, Aus Sagen u. Mдrchenwelt des Harzes, Quedlinburg 1922.--Frey, A., Schweizersagen, Leipzig 1921.--Gloning, K. A., Oberцsterreichische Volkssagen, 2d ed., Linz 1912.--Gradl, H., Sagenbuch des Egergaues, Eger 1913.--Grдsse, J. G., Th., Sagenbuch des Preussischen Staats, 2v., Glogau 1866--71.--Grimm, Brьder, Deutsche Sagen, 4th ed., Berlin 1903.--Haas, A., Greifswalder Sagen, Greifswald 1925; Haas, A., Sagen des Kreises Grimmen, Greifswald 1925; Haas, H., Pommersche Sagen, Berlin 1912.--Handrick, E., Mьllersagen, Leipzig 1928.--Heese, Anhaltisches Sagen und Geschichtenbuch, Dessau 1925.--Henne-Am Rhyn, O., Die deutsche Volkssage, Leipzig 1874.--Henninger, K., Niederdeutsche Volkssagen, Hannover 1927.--Hessler, C., Hessischer Sagenkranz, Cassel 1928.--Hohaus, W., Die Sagen der Grafschaft Glatz, Habelschwert 1926.--Huber, H., and Zaural, J., Volkssagen aus dem Bezirk Kornenburg, Gratz 1926.--Jahn, U., Volkssagen aus Pommern und Rьgen, 2d ed., Berlin 1890.--Janosh, H., Unsere Hultschiner Heimat, Ratibor 1924,--Kahlo, G., Niedersдchsische Sagen, Leipzig 1923, Sagen des Harzes, Leipzig 1923.--Kapff, R., Schwдbische Sagen, Jena 1926.--Karstens, H., Meer, Marsch und Heide, Leipzig 1926.--Karstens-Goslar, H., Vom Harz zur Heide, Leipzig 1926.--Kern, J., Die Sagen des Leitmeritzer Gaues, Reichenberg 1922.--Knoop, O., Sagen u. Erzдhlungen aus der Provinz Posen, Posen 1893.--Kratzner, A. and Popelka, F., Sagen aus der Lausitz, Leipzig 1928.--Kuhn, A., Sagen, Gebrдuche und Mдrchen aus Westfalen, Leipzig 1859.--Kuhn, A. und Schwartz, W., Norddeutsche Sagen, Mдrchen und Gebrдuche, Leipzig 1848.--Kьhnau, R., Schlesische Sagen, 3v., Leipzig 1910--13.--Kьhne, H., Ortssagen und geographische Bilder, Leipzig 1884.--Kьnzig, J., Badische Sagen, Leipzig 1925; Schwarzwald Sagen, Jena 1930.--Kurs, A., Des Rheinlandes Sagen und Legenden, Leipzig 1881.--Lohre, H., Mдrkische Sagen, Leipzig 1921.--Mackensen, L., Hanseatische Sagen, Leipzig 1928; Niedersдchsische Sagen, Leipzig 1925.--Meier, E., Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebrдuche aus Schwaben, 2v., Stuttgart 1852.--Mьllenhoff, K., Sagen, Mдrchen und Lieder der Herzogthьmer Schleswig-Holstein u. Lauenburg, Kiel, 1845.--Nies, R., Nassauische Sagen, Leipzig 1927.--Paul, R., Sagen und Geschichten des Kreises Beeskow-Storkow, Beeskow 1925.--v. Pfister, H., Sagen und Aberglaube aus Hessen u. Nassau, Marburg 1885.--Plцckinger, H., Sagen der Wachau, Krems 1916--Prцhle, H.C.F., Deutsche Sagen, 2d ed., Berlin 1879; Harzsagen, Leipzig 1886; Unterharzische Sagen, Aschersleben 1856.--Realis, Ranke und Schwдnke der heimatischen Vorzeit, Wien 1846.--Richter, J. W. O., Deutscher Sagenschatz: eine Auswahl der schцnsten deutschen Sagen, 3v., Glogau 1899--1901.--Rosenow, K., Sagen des Kreises Schlawe, Rьgenwald 1924.--Schambach, G., and Mьller, W., Niedersдchsische Sagen und Mдrchen, Gцttingen 1855.--Schnetzler, F.A.A., Aurelias Zauberkreis, Karlsruhe 1809--1853.--Schцppner, A., Sagenbuch der bayerischen Lande, 3 v., Mьnchen 1874.--Schultz-Gallara, S. von., Sagen der Stadt Halle, Halle 1922.--Sieber, Fr., Harzland Sagen, Jena 1928.--Siebert, R. and H., Anhalter Sagenbuch, Bernberg 1924.--Sommert, H., Tillenwunder: Ein Sagenkranz aus dem Egerlande, 2d ed., Eger 1924.--Stцber, A., Die Sagen des Elsasses, 3d ed., Strassburg 1892.--Vernaleken, Th., Mythen und Brдuche des Volkes in Цsterreich, Wien 1859.--Weichelt, H., Hannoverische Geschichten und Sagen, 4v., Norden 1895.--Wiener, O., Rцhmische Sagen, Wien 1919.--Winckler, G., Sagenkranz des Kyffhдusers, Querfurt 1927.--Zaunert, P., Westfдlische Sagen, Jena 1927; Hessen-Nassauische Sagen, Jena 1929.--Zinck, Paul, Leipzigs Sagen, Leipzig 1924.

F420.1. F420.1. Form and appearance of water-spirits. See F420.5.2.7. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 280--81.

F420.1.1. F420.1.1. Water-spirit as man. Takelau (New Zealand): Beckwith Myth 150.

F420.1.1.1. F420.1.1.1. Water-spirit appears as handsome man. German: Ebermann Elbsagen 93 (No. 55); French: Sйbillot France II 409; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 57 No. 487.

F420.1.1.2. F420.1.1.2. Water-spirit appears as black man. German: Knoop 89 (No. 145), Sommert 108.

F420.1.1.3. F420.1.1.3. Water-spirit as small gray man. Has green eyes and gray hair. Tobler 99.

F420.1.1.4. F420.1.1.4. Water-spirit as man clothed in white and accompanied by a dozen attendants. Chinese: Werner 182.

F420.1.1.5. F420.1.1.5. Water-spirits have one eye. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F420.1.2. F420.1.2. Water-spirit as woman (water-nymph, water-nix). (Cf. F423.1.) *Type 316; *BP III 322; *Fb “nшkke” II 725ab.--England, Ireland, Wales: Baughman, Ireland: Beal VII 11; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 261; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 55 Nos. 468--469; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 58; Germanic: Meyer Germanen 199ff., 202ff., De la Saussaye 323; Slavic: Mбchal 254f., 271f.; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 126 No. 58; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 42 No. 30; Armenian: Ananikian 84; Japanese: Ikeda.

F420.1.2.1. F420.1.2.1. Water-maidens are of unusual beauty. German: Ebermann Elbsagen 115 (No. 66), Meier I 67 (No. 1); French: Sйbillot France II 196, 345; Icelandic: Boberg.

F420.1.2.2. F420.1.2.2. Water-maidens mute. *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV 107ff.

F420.1.3. F420.1.3. Water-spirits in animal form. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 53 No. 445; Icelandic: Boberg.

F420.1.3.1. F420.1.3.1. Water-spirit as toad. German: Kьnzig Schwarzwald. 170, Kьhnau 38 (No. 55).

F420.1.3.2. F420.1.3.2. Water-spirit as fish. Tobler 97; Icelandic: Boberg, German: Henne-Am Rhyn 113 (No. 216), Ebermann Elbsagen 74 (No. 39); French: Sйbillot France II 196.

F420.1.3.2.1. F420.1.3.2.1. Water-spirit as one-eyed fish. (Cf. F420.1.1.5.) Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 53.

F420.1.3.3. F420.1.3.3. Water-spirit as horse. England, Scotland, Ireland: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn (1893) 163ff., (1928) 112ff.; Norwegian: Solheim Register 17; Swedish: Hartmann 27; German: Kьnzig Badische 31 (No. 87), Karstens Sagen 79.

F420.1.3.4. F420.1.3.4. Water-spirit as bull. England: Baughman; German: Weichert II 176 (No. 166), Pfeil 292; Icelandic: Boberg.

F420.1.3.5. F420.1.3.5. Water-spirit as stork. German: Lohre 48 (No. 81).

F420.1.3.6. F420.1.3.6. Water-spirit as cat. Tobler 97.

F420.1.3.7. F420.1.3.7. Water-spirit as goat. Tobler 97; French: Sйbillot France II 347ff.

F420.1.3.8. F420.1.3.8. Water-spirit as mouse. Tobler 97.

F420.1.3.9. F420.1.3.9. Water-spirit as snake. Tobler 97; India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.1.3.10. F420.1.3.10. Water-spirit as frog. Tobler 97.

F420.1.3.11. F420.1.3.11. Water-spirit as ape-like creature. Tobler 97.

F420.1.3.12. F420.1.3.12. Water-spirit as otter. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F420.1.4. F420.1.4. Water-spirits in abnormal form.

F420.1.4.1. F420.1.4.1. Body of water-spirit is half human and half fish or snake. Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Kьnzig Schwarzwald 168, Henninger 72.

F420.1.4.2. F420.1.4.2. Water-spirits have body covered with fish scales. German: Mackensen Niedersдchs 56 (No. 74), Ebermann Donausagen 113 (No. 70).

F420.1.4.3. F420.1.4.3. Water-spirits as dwarfs. (Cf. F451.) Austrian: Calliano I 141; German: Henninger 74; French: Sйbillot France II 202, 347, 417.

F420.1.4.4. F420.1.4.4. Water-spirits have hunchback. (Cf. F451.2.1.4.) German: Plцckinger 87, Ebermann Donausagen 139 (No. 85); French: Sйbillot France II 202.

F420.1.4.5. F420.1.4.5. Water-spirits with human body and webbed feet and hands. Tobler 98; German: Henne-Am Rhyn 113, Prцhle Deutsche Sagen 153 (No. 119); French: Sйbillot France II 403.

F420.1.4.6. F420.1.4.6. Water-spirits with horse feet. German: Handrick 21, Janosch 6.

F420.1.4.7. F420.1.4.7. Water-spirits with green hair and beard. England, Wales: Baughman; German: Bindewald 95, Siess 1.

F420.1.4.8. F420.1.4.8. Water-spirits with green teeth. England: Baughman; German: Schцppner I 219--223, Schultze-Gallara 23; French: Sйbillot France II 343 (green eyes).

F420.1.4.9. F420.1.4.9. Water-giants. Icelandic: Boberg.

F420.1.4.10. F420.1.4.10. Water-spirit with extraordinarily long hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.1.5. F420.1.5. Water-spirits invisible.

F420.1.5.1. F420.1.5.1. Invisible water-spirit claps hands and speaks. Tobler 99.

F420.1.5.2. F420.1.5.2. Mysterious voice--water-spirit--is calling from sea. German: Mackensen Hanseat. 22 (No. 32), Schultze 160; French: Sйbillot France II 213, 344.

F420.1.5.3. F420.1.5.3. The seas become heavy without natural cause. (Cf. F420.2.4.) German: Meier 73 (No. 78).

F420.1.6. F420.1.6. Dress of water-spirits.

F420.1.6.1. F420.1.6.1. Water-spirits are dressed like people of surroundings. German: Schultze 69, Kьnzig Schwarzwald 167; French: Sйbillot France II 342.

F420.1.6.2. F420.1.6.2. Water-spirits are clad in clothes of gold and silver. German: Gradl 33 No. 69, Schnetzler 266 No. 6.

F420.1.6.3. F420.1.6.3. Water-spirits wear precious adornment. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 261; German: Fцrstner Mдrchenwelt 111, Schnetzler 266 No. 6.

F420.1.6.4. F420.1.6.4. Water-spirits wear wreath of flowers and reed on hair and dress. German: Plцckinger 7, Huber and Zaurel 19.

F420.1.6.5. F420.1.6.5. Water-maidens have long veil. German: Richter III 236 No. 32, Schnetzler 292.

F420.1.6.6. F420.1.6.6. Color of water-spirit‘s clothes.

F420.1.6.6.1. F420.1.6.6.1. Water-spirits are clad in red. German: Dьmke 51, Lohre 43 No. 73.

F420.1.6.6.2. F420.1.6.6.2. Water-spirits are clad in gray. (Cf. F236.1.4, F451.2.7.3.) German: Schnetzler 277 No. 10, Ebermann Donausagen 139 No. 85.

F420.1.6.6.3. F420.1.6.6.3. Water-spirits are dressed in green. (Cf. F451.2.7.2.) Scotland: Baughman; Germanic: Calliano 162, Handrick 30; French: Sйbillot France II 346.

F420.1.6.6.4. F420.1.6.6.4. Water-spirits are dressed in white. England: Baughman; Germanic: Kьhne 164, Meier 67 No. 1; French: Sйbillot France II 199--200.

F420.1.6.6.5. F420.1.6.6.5. Water-spirits are dressed in blue. Icelandic: Lagerholm 166, Boberg.

F420.1.6.7. F420.1.6.7. Water-spirits are nude. (Cf. F238.) German: Meier I 74 No. 81, Kern 85 No. 11; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 53; French: Sйbillot France II 197.

F420.1.7. F420.1.7. Water-spirits appearing like human beings are recognized by traces of water.

F420.1.7.1. F420.1.7.1. Corner of water-spirits‘ dress is always wet. German: Zinck 12, Kahlo Niedersдchsische 63 No. 107.

F420.1.7.2. F420.1.7.2. Coat pockets of water-spirits are dripping with water. Wiener 118; Handrick 30.

F420.1.7.3. F420.1.7.3. Water-spirits leave trace of water when standing or walking. German: Kьhnau 39 No. 56, Henne-Am Rhyn 113.

F420.2. F420.2. Home of water-spirits. (Cf. F420.7.1.)

F420.2.1. F420.2.1. Water-spirits live in castles of crystal under water. (Cf. F451.4.3.4.) Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 40 No. 23; Czech: Wiener 114, Gradl 33 No. 69; French: Sйbillot France II 196, 200, 343.

F420.2.1.1. F420.2.1.1. Water-spirits’ under-water castle is luxuriously furnished. Austrian: Mailly Niederцst. 33 No. 69, 48 No. 102; Czech: Wiener 114; German: Henne-Am Rhyn 114, Wiechert 73 No. 129.

F420.2.2. F420.2.2. Water-spirits live in village under water. Icelandic: Lagerholm 167--68, Boberg; Swiss: Frey 5.

F420.2.3. F420.2.3. Water-spirits have garden. German: Henne-Am Rhyn 117.

F420.2.4. F420.2.4. When water-spirits are outside their homes the seas are heavy. (Cf. F420.1.5.3.) *Fb “havfolk” I 569.

F420.2.5. F420.2.5. Water-spirits have hearth made of three human skulls. India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.3. F420.3. Social life among water-spirits.

F420.3.1. F420.3.1. Water-spirits have family life under water. German: Schnetzler 289; French: Sйbillot France II 346.

F420.3.2. F420.3.2. Water-spirits have likings and occupations like human beings.

F420.3.2.1. F420.3.2.1. Water-spirits dance. India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.3.2.1.1. F420.3.2.1.1. Water-maidens dance at village fair. German: Janosch 9, Schцppner I 277 No. 235.

F420.3.2.2. F420.3.2.2. Water-women come to market and store. German: Zinck 12, Kahlo Nieders. 63 No. 107; French: Sйbillot France II 344.

F420.3.2.3. F420.3.2.3. Water-women wash and hang up laundry on beach. German: Prцhle Deutsche Sagen 220 No. 173; French: Sйbillot France II 200, 351f.

F420.3.2.4. F420.3.2.4. Water-spirits bake. German: Meier I 75 No. 82.

F420.3.2.5. F420.3.2.5. Water-spirits mend clothes. German: Bindewald 95, Kern 85 No. 11.

F420.3.2.6. F420.3.2.6. Water-maidens spin. German: Baader 100 No. 133, Lohre 50 No. 85.

F420.3.2.7. F420.3.2.7. Water-man cuts osier to make wicker basket. German: Kern 85 No. 11; Austrian: Calliano 107.

F420.3.3. F420.3.3. Water-spirits have kingdom under water: queen, king, attendants, vassals. German: Schnetzler 277 No. 10; Czech: Gradl 22 No. 69; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 40 No. 23.

F420.3.4. F420.3.4. Water-spirits have laws.

F420.3.4.1. F420.3.4.1. Water-spirits must be in water before midnight; delay is punished with death indicated by blood in water. German: Pfister 70, Meier 71 No. 79.

F420.3.4.2. F420.3.4.2. Water-spirits must be in water before dawn; delay is punished with death. (Cf. F451.3.2.1. and cross-references there given.) German: Schцppner I 221, 227; French: Sйbillot France II 340.

F420.3.5. F420.3.5. Water-spirits visited by mortal. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 46 No. 56.

F420.4. F420.4. Characteristics of water-spirits.

F420.4.1. F420.4.1. Water-spirits possess magic power. German: Weichert II 199 No. 182, Kьnzig Schwarzwald 168; French: Sйbillot France II 197, 347, 410.

F420.4.1.1. F420.4.1.1. Protean transformation of water-spirit. Greek: Fox 87, 122 (Nereus, Thetis), Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6; Slavic: Mбchal 270.

F420.4.2. F420.4.2. Water-spirits have supernatural lapse of time: days seem like years. (Cf. F377.)

F420.4.3. F420.4.3. Water-spirits are cannibals: devour mortal victim, suck blood. German: Meier I 70 No. 6, Lohre 51 No. 87.

F420.4.4. F420.4.4. Water-spirits are grateful. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 143ff., (1928) 101ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 58 Nos. 495--500; German: Pfister 50; Austrian: Calliano I 141.

F420.4.5. F420.4.5. Water-spirits are jealous. Paul 14.

F420.4.6. F420.4.6. Water-man is rendered powerless if kept away from water. German: Kratzer 90 No. 34; French: Sйbillot France II 352.

F420.4.6.1. F420.4.6.1. Water-women are powerless when their garments are taken. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 261.

F420.4.7. F420.4.7. Seeing and observing of water-spirits has fatal consequences. German: Knoop 150 No. 114, Prцhle Deutsche Sagen 150 No. 114; French: Sйbillot France II 198, 345.

F420.4.8. F420.4.8. Water-spirits have treasures under water. German: Kьnzig Badische 48 No. 137, Stцber 87 No. 118; French: Sйbillot France II 312, 410.

F420.4.9. F420.4.9. Water-spirit controls water-supply. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Shangang): Bourhill and Drake 78ff. No. 8.

F420.4.10. F420.4.10. Water-spirits are prophetic. (Cf. F420.5.1.1.) Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 53 No. 31.

F420.5. F420.5. Deeds and actions of water-spirits.

F420.5.1. F420.5.1. Kind water-spirits.

F420.5.1.1. F420.5.1.1. Water-spirits protect and warn sailor against storm and in tempest. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 58 Nos. 495--500; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 46 No. 58; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 41 No. 29; Austrian: Gloning 37, Ebermann Donausagen 143 No. 88.

F420.5.1.1.1. F420.5.1.1.1. Water-spirits save shipwrecked people. Icelandic: Lagerholm 167--68, Boberg.

F420.5.1.2. F420.5.1.2. Water-spirits help poor. German: Schnetzler 273 No. 9, Haas Grimmen 36 No. 75.

F420.5.1.3. F420.5.1.3. Water-spirits help lovers. Gradl 22 No. 46, Richter III 152 No. 5.

F420.5.1.4. F420.5.1.4. Water-spirits work as servants for mortal for small compensation. German: Haas Grimmen 36 No. 75, Prцhle Deutsche Sagen 7 No. 9; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 55 No. 475.

F420.5.1.5. F420.5.1.5. Water-spirits work as servants for mortal but disappear when compensation is offered or origin suspected. *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 44; German: Prцhle Deutsche Sagen 220 No. 173, Meier I 68 No. 5; Czech: Wiener 45.

F420.5.1.6. F420.5.1.6. Water-spirits work at night in home of mortals. German: Schnetzler 294, Meier I 71 No. 79.

F420.5.1.7. F420.5.1.7. Water-spirits give gifts to mortals. (Cf. F342, F451.5.1.5.)

F420.5.1.7.1. F420.5.1.7.1. Water-spirits give money, gold, or precious stones. (Cf. F451.5.1.5.) German: Plцckinger 8, Kern 87 No. 11.

F420.5.1.7.2. F420.5.1.7.2. Seemingly worthless gifts of water-spirits turn to gold. (Cf. F451.5.1.4. and cross references there given.) German: Henne-Am Rhyn 119, Meier I 71, 79.

F420.5.1.7.3. F420.5.1.7.3. Water-spirits give magic gifts. Austrian: Calliano 236, Huber and Zaural 106.

F420.5.1.7.4. F420.5.1.7.4. Water-spirit returns to the woodchopper a silver axe in place of the one he has lost. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 46 No. 65; Japanese: Ikeda.

F420.5.1.7.5. F420.5.1.7.5. Water-spirit gives mortal fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.5.1.8. F420.5.1.8. Water-spirits give advice. Austrian: Calliano I 68.

F420.5.1.9. F420.5.1.9. Water-spirits adopt human foundling. German: Schnetzler 264 No. 5.

F420.5.1.10. F420.5.1.10. Water-spirits save man from drowning. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 395, Lagerholm 166, Boberg.

F420.5.2. F420.5.2. Malevolent water-spirits. Icelandic: Grettis Saga ch. 65--66 in RSB VI (1897), Boberg.

F420.5.2.1. F420.5.2.1. Water-spirits lure mortal into water. Irish myth: *Cross Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn (1893) 163ff., (1928) 112ff.

F420.5.2.1.1. F420.5.2.1.1. Water-maiden enamors man and draws him under water. (Cf. F302.3.4, G264.) U.S.: Baughman; German: *Wehrhan 74, Nies 118 No. 86, Plцckinger 39 No. 31; Icelandic: Boberg; French: Sйbillot France II 197, 342, 348, 411; Greek: Fox 110 (Hylas); India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.5.2.1.2. F420.5.2.1.2. Water-spirits lure children into water, offering objects. Austrian: Calliano II 24, Huber and Zaural 19; French: Sйbillot France II 310, 343, 417; England: Baughman.

F420.5.2.1.3. F420.5.2.1.3. Hero drowned by water-spirits, who draw him down as he crosses ice. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 277 n. 23.

F420.5.2.1.4. F420.5.2.1.4. Water-goddess allows body of drowning person to come up three times. India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.5.2.1.5. F420.5.2.1.5. Water-spirit drags children into river. England: *Baughman.

F420.5.2.1.6. F420.5.2.1.6. Water-spirit claims a life every seven years. England: *Baughman.

F420.5.2.2. F420.5.2.2. Water-spirits kidnap mortals and keep them under water. Irish: Beal VII 49; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 46 No. 60; German: Paul 46, Brьger 130; French: Sйbillot France II 342, 409, 410; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 352; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 46ff.

F420.5.2.2.1. F420.5.2.2.1. Water-spirit returns kidnapped man in return for release of his long hair. Victim‘s father has wound the hair around his fingers. India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.5.2.2.2. F420.5.2.2.2. Mistreated boy sings unto water spirits to take him: waters rise up in tank to engulf him. India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.5.2.3. F420.5.2.3. Water-spirit keeps souls of drowned persons in dishes in his home. German: Mailly Niederцst. 46 No. 101.

F420.5.2.4. F420.5.2.4. Water-spirits steal children and leave changeling. German: Kahlo Nieders. I 66 No. 111, Kьnzig Schwarzwald 171.

F420.5.2.5. F420.5.2.5. Water-spirits interfere with building bridges, dams. (Cf. F451.5.2.5.) German: Kratzer 93 No. 36, Ebermann Elbsagen 117 No. 67.

F420.5.2.6. F420.5.2.6. Water-spirits take revenge on mortals.

F420.5.2.6.1. F420.5.2.6.1. Water-spirits take revenge if yearly tribute is not given. German: Meier III 428 No. 121, Haas Pommersche 38 No. 78; French: Sйbillot France II 338, 339; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 156ff., (1928) 108ff.

F420.5.2.6.2. F420.5.2.6.2. Water-spirits take revenge for trespassing on ground they claim as theirs. German: Siebert 186.

F420.5.2.6.3. F420.5.2.6.3. Water-spirits take revenge for being harmed. German: Schultze 140, Dumke 52; French: Sйbillot France II 342.

F420.5.2.6.4. F420.5.2.6.4. Water-spirits avenge selves on mortal who fails to keep promise. German: Realis 163, Kurs 322; French: Sйbillot France II 342.

F420.5.2.6.5. F420.5.2.6.5. Water-maidens avenge selves for scorned love. German: Nies 118 No. 86.

F420.5.2.6.6. F420.5.2.6.6. Water-spirits take revenge on mortals for pollution of water. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F420.5.2.7. F420.5.2.7. Water-spirit turns boat in circle. German: Heese 116.

F420.5.2.7.1. F420.5.2.7.1. Water-spirit crushes boat. Icelandic: Boberg.

F420.5.2.7.2. F420.5.2.7.2. Water-spirit shakes ship. Icelandic: Ketils saga H. 116, Grнms saga L. 145, Цrvar-Odds saga 42, *Boberg.

F420.5.2.7.3. F420.5.2.7.3. Water-spirit wrecks ship. Icelandic: Lagerholm 164--65, *Boberg; S. A. Indian (Tiatinagua): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 447.

F420.5.2.7.4. F420.5.2.7.4. Water-spirit holds ship back. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F420.5.2.8. F420.5.2.8. Water-spirit splashes passing people. Stцber 37 No. 53.

F420.5.2.9. F420.5.2.9. Water-spirits lead travelers astray. German: Hartmann 35, Schnetzler 269 No. 8.

F420.5.2.10. F420.5.2.10. Water-man sits on back of persons as heavy burden. German: Kern 89.

F420.5.2.11. F420.5.2.11. Water-spirits cause blindness. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F420.5.2.12. F420.5.2.12. Water-spirit causes illness and death. Africa (Bakuba): Einstein 164.

F420.5.3. F420.5.3. Other actions of water-spirits.

F420.5.3.1. F420.5.3.1. Water-spirits sit on beach combing their long hair. Austrian: Mailly Niederцst. 47 No. 101; French: Sйbillot France II 340, 346, 411.

F420.5.3.2. F420.5.3.2. Water-spirit calls human midwife. (Cf. F372.1, F451.3.5.5, F451.5.5.) German: Meier I 68 No. 2, Hessler 143.

F420.5.3.3. F420.5.3.3. Water-spirits call human godmother. (Cf. F451.5.6.) German: Kьnzig Schwarzwald 170, Meier II 69 No. 4.

F420.5.3.4. F420.5.3.4. Water-spirit flees if holy name, ceremony, or blessed object is used. German: Ebermann Donausagen 120 No. 75, Janosch 13; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn (1893) 163ff., (1928) 114ff.

F420.5.3.5. F420.5.3.5. Nix flees from benediction in church. English: Child I 366n.

F420.5.3.6. F420.5.3.6. Water-spirit demands food from those it takes across stream. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 267 No. 76.

F420.5.3.7. F420.5.3.7. Water-spirits prophesies. Icelandic: Boberg.

F420.6. F420.6. Marriage of water-spirits.

F420.6.1. F420.6.1. Marriage or liaison of mortals and water-spirits. India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer VII 240.

F420.6.1.1. F420.6.1.1. Water-man woos mortal girl. (Cf. F451.5.18.) England, Wales: Baughman; German: Pfister 53, Lohre 48 No. 80; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F420.6.1.2. F420.6.1.2. Water-spirit offers gift to mortal to win love. German: Prцhle Deutsche Sagen 213 No. 168, Henne-Am Rhyn 119 No. 347; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 686.

F420.6.1.3. F420.6.1.3. Mortal goes to home of water-spirits and marries. (Cf. F301.3.) German: Schultze 25; Czech: Wiener 118; French: Sйbillot France II 409; India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.6.1.4. F420.6.1.4. Water-maiden goes to home of mortal and marries. Icelandic: Boberg.

F420.6.1.5. F420.6.1.5. Water-maidens make conditions for lovers. German: Kurs 322; French: Sйbillot France II 409; India: Thompson-Balys.

F420.6.1.6. F420.6.1.6. Offspring of marriage between mortal and water-spirit. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F420.6.1.7. F420.6.1.7. Water-spirit surprises and rapes a mortal woman. A son is born who is sleepless. Krappe Modern Language Review XXIV (1929) 200ff.

F420.6.2. F420.6.2. Love and marriage between water-spirits and other spirits.

F420.6.2.1. F420.6.2.1. Water-man marries fairy. German: Schnetzler 266 No. 6, Diezel 1.

F420.6.2.2. F420.6.2.2. Water-maiden marries giant. (Cf. F531.5.7.) German: Fцrstner Mдrchenwelt 111.

F420.6.2.3. F420.6.2.3. Water-maiden is wooed by dwarf. (Cf. F451.5.18.) German: Schцppner I 480 No. 467.

F420.7. F420.7. Miscellaneous motifs connected with water-spirits.

F420.7.1. F420.7.1. Visit to water-goddess‘s underwater home. India: Thompson-Balys.

F421. F421. Lake-spirit. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 675; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 143; N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Alexander N. Am. 28.

F421.1. F421.1. Lady of the Lake. A female lake-spirit. Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV 112; Hindu: Tawney II 570.

F422. F422. Marsh-spirit. Meyer 104; *Fb “ellefolk”; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 3ff., 120ff., (1928) 5ff., 90ff., MacCulloch Eddic 224--25; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 40 No. 21.

F423. F423. Sea spirits. Norwegian: Solheim Register 17; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 675, 1160; Japanese: Anesaki 266ff.; Papua: Ker 25; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 37, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 621; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F423.1. F423.1. Nereid. A sea-maiden. English: Child V 490 s.v. “Nereid”; Germanic: Meyer Altgermanische 102; Greek: Fox 260, *Frazer Pausanias III 12; Hindu: Penzer VI 209 n. 1.

F424. F424. River-spirit. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 416; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F424.1. F424.1. Spirit of brook. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 201.

F425. F425. Fountain spirit. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 53 No. 443; Japanese: Anesaki 267.

F426. F426. Spirit of water-fall. Icelandic: *Boberg; Germanic: Meyer Altgermanische 103.

F429. F429. Other water-spirits.

F429.1. F429.1. Spirit of tide-crack. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 497, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 60, 510ff.

F430. F430. Weather-spirits.

F431. F431. Cloud-spirit. Meyer Altgermanische 100; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 38 No. 8.

F432. F432. Wind-spirit. German: Laistner I 4, Meyer Altgermanische 97; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 37 No. 6, 38 No. 7; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 181; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 147; N. A. Indian (Yukon): Alexander N. Am. 78.

F433. F433. Storm-spirit. Meyer Altgermanische 99; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 64 No. 186; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 37 No. 4; Slovenian: *L. Kretzenbacher Germanische Mythen in der epischen Volksdichtung der Slowenen (Graz, 1941) 36-49.

F433.1. F433.1. Spirit of snow. Meyer Altgermanische 104; Icelandic: Boberg.

F434. F434. Spirit of thunder. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 37 Nos. 1, 2, 3; Chinese: Werner 199f.; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 61f., (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 175.

F436. F436. Spirit of cold. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 38 No. 9; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 nn. 61, 61a.

F437. F437. Spirit of warmth. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 38 No. 10; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 nn. 61, 61a.

F438. F438. Spirit of earthquake.

F438.1. F438.1. Spirit of earthquake lives underground (below earth). India: Thompson-Balys.

F438.2. F438.2. Spirit of earthquake has very long mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F439. F439. Other weather-spirits.

F439.1. F439.1. Rainbow spirit. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 135, 152.

F439.1.1. F439.1.1. Rainbow draws to itself fisherman and his boat. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 37 No. 5.

F439.1.2. F439.1.2. Rainbow spirit as helper on journey. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 515f.

F439.1.3. F439.1.3. Rainbow spirit as messenger. Greek: Fox 241 (Iris); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 521.

F440. F440. Vegetation spirits. *Kittredge Gawain 195ff.; Frazer Golden Bough XII 510 s.v. “Vegetation”; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F440.1. F440.1. Green vegetation spirit. *Kittredge Gawain 195ff.; *Fb “grцn” I 504.

F441. F441. Wood-spirit. *Type 667*; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchen I 198a; *Mannhardt I 87ff., 311ff.--Irish myth: Cross; U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 204f., 226; Swedish: G. Granberg Skogsrеet (Stockholm, 1934); Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 177, 185; Estonian: *Loorits Grundzьge I 521f., 546f., 559ff.; Germanic: Meyer Altgermanische 94; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 40 No. 22; Slavic: Mбchal 261ff.; Persian: Carnoy 298; S. A. Indian (Warrau): *Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880, (Tapirapй): Wagley-Baldao ibid. (3) 178, (Pilcomayo, Chaco): Belaieff ibid. (1) 379; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 247, 251. See also F200--F399 (Fairies and Elves), F420 (Water-spirits), F461 (Dwarfs) and F460 (Mountain-spirits) for many common motifs.

F441.1. F441.1. Schrдtel. An elf-like, male, malevolent wood-spirit. *Type 1161 (Schrдtel instead of ogre in many versions); *Taylor MPh XVII 305ff.; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 33ff.

F441.2. F441.2. Tree-spirit. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 207; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 188; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 II 203; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 211, II 44, 67, 126, 507, 574, 675, 811, 820, 898, 1014, 1158, Jataka Index s.v. “Spirits”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 267, 340; S. A. Indian (Caviсa, Tumapasa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448.

F441.2.0.1. F441.2.0.1. Tree-spirit persuades man to spare tree. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F441.2.1. F441.2.1. Wood-nymph. Type 480; Roberts 121; Swedish: Hartmann 26, 27; Slavic: Mбchal 262ff.; Armenian: Ananikian 84.

F441.2.1.1. F441.2.1.1. Wood-nymph comes to the fire to warm. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 38ff., (1928) 26ff.; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 56**; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 49 No. 398.

F441.2.1.2. F441.2.1.2. Wood-nymph with breasts so long that she throws them over her shoulder. (Cf. F232.2, F460.1.2, G123.) Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 120ff., (1928) 90ff.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 321 No. 58.

F441.2.1.3. F441.2.1.3. Wood-nymph wooes and then deserts man. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 205.

F441.2.1.4. F441.2.1.4. Tree maidens bathe at midnight in lake. India: Thompson-Balys.

F441.2.2. F441.2.2. Dryad. Female spirit dwelling among trees. Greek: Fox 270; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 564.

F441.2.3. F441.2.3. Hamadryad. Female spirit of a particular tree. Greek: Fox 270.

F441.2.3.1. F441.2.3.1. Man marries tree maiden. India: Thompson-Balys.

F441.2.3.1.1. F441.2.3.1.1. Man marries spirit of willow tree. She must part from him when tree is cut down. Japanese: Anesaki 333.

F441.2.3.2. F441.2.3.2. Tree-spirit in elder tree. England: Baughman.

F441.3. F441.3. Wild man as wood-spirit. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 968--980, 984f.; Dickson 114 n. 37; Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 280.

F441.4. F441.4. Form of wood-spirit.

F441.4.1. F441.4.1. Wood-spirit gigantic with one eye in center of forehead. Cheremis: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 182.

F441.4.2. F441.4.2. Wood-spirit without hands, feet, or mouth. Africa (Kpelle): Westermann Zs. f. Afrikan. ozean., u. ostasiat. Spr. VII 161 No. 29a.

F441.4.3. F441.4.3. Forest spirits brighter than moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

F441.4.4. F441.4.4. Forest-spirits with wings and with backward-pointing fingers and toes. (Cf. F401.9, F451.2.2.1.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 14, 46.

F441.4.5. F441.4.5. Wood-spirits with such heavy eyebrows they must lie on backs to see upwards. (Cf. F571.1.) S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F441.4.6. F441.4.6. Wood-spirits with teeth on stomach. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F441.5. F441.5. Size of wood-spirit.

F441.5.1. F441.5.1. Wood-spirit tiny. (Cf. F239.4.3, F535.) S. A. Indian (Pitcomayo-Chaco): Belaieff BBAE CXLIII (1) 379.

F441.5.2. F441.5.2. Wood-spirit gigantic. (Cf. F232.6, F531.) S. A. Indian (Pitcomayo-Chaco): Belaieff BBAE CXLIII (1) 379.

F441.6. F441.6. Deeds of wood-spirits.

F441.6.1. F441.6.1. Wood-spirits responsible for sickness and failure. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F441.6.2. F441.6.2. Wood-spirits transform men into animals. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F441.6.3. F441.6.3. Sexual relations with wood-spirit fatal. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F441.6.4. F441.6.4. Wood-spirit calls after one in woods (Hehmann). **E. Rath Der Hehmann (Wien, 1953).

F442. F442. Pan. Wood-spirit (demigod) part goat and part man. Greek: Fox 267.

F442.1. F442.1. Mysterious voice announces death of Pan. *Taylor Washington University Studies X (Humanistic Series) 3ff.; *Fb “rцst”; *Boberg Sagnet om den Store Pans Dшd (Kшbenhavn 1934); Boberg Noch einmal die Sage vom Tode des Grossen Pan (Ciassica et Mediaevalia III 119--132).--Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 45 No. 50; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3908; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 123 No. 45.

F443. F443. Echo as wood-spirit.

F443.1. F443.1. Echo as wood-spirit kidnaps and crazes man. India: Thompson-Balys.

F445. F445. Field-spirits. Meyer Altgermanische 108, Meyer Germanen 209ff.; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 246; Slavic: Mбchal 267ff.; Africa (Cameroon): Gantenbein 68.

F445.1. F445.1. Crop-spirits. Wehrhan 75f.

F445.1.1. F445.1.1. Tobacco-spirit. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.

F447. F447. Flower-spirits. Japanese: Anesaki 342ff.

F450. F450. Underground spirits. (Cf. F200--F399, Fairies and Elves.) Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 4ff., (1928) 9ff.; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 228ff.; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 178; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 45ff.; Persian Carnoy 298.

F450.0.1. F450.0.1. Voetter (generalized underground spirit). Scandinavian: *Hartmann 30--32.

F450.1. F450.1. Helpful underground spirit.

F450.1.1. F450.1.1. Helpful spirit warriors dwell in rocks and hills. N. A. Indian (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 68.

F450.1.2. F450.1.2. Underground spirit instructs a smith. (Cf. F451.3.4.2.) Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 126 No. 57.

F451. F451. Dwarf.1 (Underground spirit.) The dwarf, especially in Northern Europe, is considered an underground spirit. He is to be distinguished from the other conception of dwarf, viz., a very small person, pigmy, or thumbling (F535). Types 480, 403B; *Roberts 123; **Lutjens Der Zwerg in der deutschen Heldendichtung des Mittelalters (Breslau, 1911); *Wehrhan 67; *Thien 42; *Gould Scandinavian Studies and Notes IX 190; *De Boor Der Zwerg in Skandinavien (Mogk Festschrift 536); *Ritchie Zwerge in Geschichte u. Ьberlieferung (Globus LXXXII 101); *Tegethoff Schweiz. Archiv f. Vksk. XXIV 147; Jensen Zs. f. Vksk. II 407; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 1008--1120. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 264ff., 287; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892, new series 1928); Norwegian: Solheim Register 18; French: F. Wolgemuth Riesen u. Zwerge in der altfranzцsischen erzдhlenden Dichtung (Tьbingen, 1906); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 326; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 356 n. 287a. See also F200--F399 (Fairies and Elves), F420 (Water-spirits), and F460 (Mountain-spirits) for many common motifs.

F451.0.1. F451.0.1. Luchrupбin (leprechauns) (as fairies). Irish myth: *Cross.

F451.1. F451.1. Origin of dwarfs. *Fb “dvжrg” I 220b; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 264f., Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 3ff., (1928) 7ff.

F451.1.1. F451.1.1. Dwarfs originate from maggots in flesh of giant. Norse: De la Saussaye 318.

F451.1.1.1. F451.1.1.1. Dwarfs originate from the blood and bones of giant. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 264.

F451.1.2. F451.1.2. Murderer‘s children become dwarfs. *Fb “dvжrg” I 220b.

F451.1.3. F451.1.3. Dwarfs came after giants had almost died out. German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54.

F451.1.4. F451.1.4. Dwarfs came into the land 1000 years before mortals came. German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54.

F451.1.5. F451.1.5. Dwarf as reincarnation.

F451.1.5.1. F451.1.5.1. Dwarf as reincarnation of rat. Korean: Zong in-Sob 64.

F451.2. F451.2. Appearance of dwarf. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 271, *Boberg.

F451.2.0.1. F451.2.0.1. Dwarfs are ugly. German: Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 41.

F451.2.0.2. F451.2.0.2. Dwarfs are grown over with moss. German: Prцhle 113 No. 298.

F451.2.0.3. F451.2.0.3. Dwarfs walk stooped. German: Findeisen 39 No. 43.

F451.2.0.4. F451.2.0.4. Dwarfs appear nodding and anxious to speak. German: Bindewald 84.

F451.2.0.5. F451.2.0.5. During the day dwarfs appear in form of toads or other vermin. German: Haas Greifswald. 36 No. 39, 38 No. 40.

F451.2.0.6. F451.2.0.6. Dwarfs are pale. Icelandic: Boberg.

F451.2.1. F451.2.1. Body of dwarf.

F451.2.1.1. F451.2.1.1. Dwarfs are small. (Cf. F239.4.3, F441.5.1.) German: Eckart 20, Bindewald 56, 83f, 87, 188, Findeisen 3 No. 5, 39 No. 43, Prцhle Unterharzische 113 No. 298.

F451.2.1.2. F451.2.1.2. Dwarf with body like tailless hen. Tobler 59.

F451.2.1.3. F451.2.1.3. Dwarf with small body and large head. *Fb “dvжrg” I 220b; Zs. f. d. Phil. XXVI 12f.

F451.2.1.4. F451.2.1.4. Hunchback dwarf. (Cf. F420.1.4.4.) Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 63 No. 9.

F451.2.2. F451.2.2. Feet of dwarf.

F451.2.2.1. F451.2.2.1. Dwarf’s feet twisted backward. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 86.

F451.2.2.2. F451.2.2.2. Dwarf with bird feet. (Cf. F401.3.5. and cross-references.) *Gaster Germania XXV 290ff.; Tobler 60; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 271.

F451.2.2.3. F451.2.2.3. Dwarfs with goat feet. (Cf. B24, F442.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 271.

F451.2.3. F451.2.3. The beards of dwarfs.

F451.2.3.1. F451.2.3.1. Long-bearded dwarf. (Cf. F451.6.1.) *Type 426; Kцhler-Bolte I 545; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nain”; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F451.2.3.1.1. F451.2.3.1.1. Dwarfs have long beards in three strands. Tegethoff Schweiz. Archiv f. Vksk. XXIV 148.

F451.2.3.2. F451.2.3.2. Dwarfs have gray beards. German: Eckart 22, Kahlo Harzes 55 No. 92, Bindewald 56.

F451.2.4. F451.2.4. The hair of dwarfs.

F451.2.4.1. F451.2.4.1. Dwarfs have coarse hair. German: Eckart 20, Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 II.

F451.2.4.2. F451.2.4.2. Dwarfs have silvery white hair. German: Bindewald 56.

F451.2.5. F451.2.5. Face of dwarf.

F451.2.5.1. F451.2.5.1. Dwarfs have old face. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 30 No. 263; German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 II.

F451.2.6. F451.2.6. Other bodily characteristics of dwarfs.

F451.2.7. F451.2.7. Dress of dwarf.

F451.2.7.1. F451.2.7.1. Dwarfs with red heads and red caps. (Cf. F236.3.2, F460.1.4.2.) Fb “rшd” III 116b, “rшd dreng” III 117b; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 30 No. 263.

F451.2.7.2. F451.2.7.2. Dwarf clad in green. (Cf. F420.1.6.6.3.) English: Wells 134 (Sir Degare); Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 6ff., (1928) 11ff.

F451.2.7.3. F451.2.7.3. Dwarfs referred to as “gray”, not specifying whether as to dress or hair. (Cf. F236.1.4, F420.1.6.6.2.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 271; German: Schцppner I 169 No. 163, I 354 No. 351, Bindewald 83, 84, 188.

F451.2.7.4. F451.2.7.4. Dwarfs clad in white. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 266; German: Kahlo Harzes 69 No. 109.

F451.2.7.5. F451.2.7.5. Dwarfs wear red coats. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 272, *Boberg; German: Kapff 45, Schцppner I 354 No. 351.

F451.2.7.6. F451.2.7.6. Dwarfs wear peculiar caps. (Cf. F451.2.7.1.) German: Kapff 45.

F451.2.7.7. F451.2.7.7. Dwarf king wears costly crown. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 II.

F451.2.7.8. F451.2.7.8. Dwarf clad in brown. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 266.

F451.2.7.9. F451.2.7.9. Dwarf clad in black. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 266, 268.

F451.2.7.10. F451.2.7.10. Dwarfs clad in motley. German: Grimm No. 163.

F451.2.8. F451.2.8. Voice of dwarfs (echo). Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 269, *Boberg.

F451.3. F451.3. Characteristics of dwarfs.

F451.3.1. F451.3.1. Power of dwarf in his belt. *Fb “bжlte” IV 84a.

F451.3.2. F451.3.2. Dwarf rendered powerless.

F451.3.2.1. F451.3.2.1. Dwarfs turn to stone at sunrise. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 433a nn. 86--91; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 10, 197, 269, 270.

F451.3.2.1.1. F451.3.2.1.1. Dwarf prevented from getting into his stone before sunrise till he promises to do what hero demands (especially forge weapons). (Cf. D451.3.4.2, D451.4.1.12, F451.5.2.13.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F451.3.2.1.2. F451.3.2.1.2. Dwarf otherwise caught and thus forced to procure what hero demands. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 14, Юiрriks saga I 34--38, Boberg.

F451.3.2.2. F451.3.2.2. Dwarfs must return to spirit world by 1 a.m. German: Eckart 69, Winckler 56 No. 57.

F451.3.2.3. F451.3.2.3. Dwarfs cannot harm mortal with circle drawn around him. German: Eckart 69.

F451.3.2.4. F451.3.2.4. Dwarf can be killed only with snowball. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 248.

F451.3.3. F451.3.3. Dwarf as magician. Dickson 219 n. 8; Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 II.

F451.3.3.0.1. F451.3.3.0.1. Dwarf can take what shape he wants. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 14 (Andvari), Zs. f. d. Phil. XXVI 12--13, Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 307ff., Boberg.

F451.3.3.1. F451.3.3.1. Dwarfs turn peas into gold pieces. German: Karstens-Goslar 102.

F451.3.3.2. F451.3.3.2. Dwarf turns gold into lead. German: Fцrstner Kyffhдusersagen 22.

F451.3.3.3. F451.3.3.3. Dwarfs transform people (animals). German: Ey 9, Kahlo Harzes 30 No. 51.

F451.3.3.4. F451.3.3.4. Dwarfs free mortals from enchantment. German: Bindewald 56, 142, Findeisen 39 No. 43.

F451.3.3.5. F451.3.3.5. Dwarfs bewitch cows to give no milk. German: Karstens-Goslar 103.

F451.3.3.5.1. F451.3.3.5.1. Dwarfs bewitch people. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 300, *Boberg.

F451.3.3.6. F451.3.3.6. Dwarfs fly through air. German: Prцhle Unterharzische 171 No. 453.

F451.3.3.7. F451.3.3.7. Dwarfs predict. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 155, Bindewald 188.

F451.3.3.8. F451.3.3.8. Dwarfs made invisible by magic caps. (Cf. F451.5.1.7., F455.5.3.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 269; German: Eckart 7, 27, 79, Prцhle Harzsagen Nos. 220, 220 I, 229, Sieber 62, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 368.

F451.3.4. F451.3.4. Dwarfs as workmen. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 54 Nos. 52, 53.

F451.3.4.0.1. F451.3.4.0.1. Dwarf workmen heard at night. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 55 No. 61.

F451.3.4.1. F451.3.4.1. Dwarfs as artificers. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 123, 265ff., *Boberg.

F451.3.4.1.1. F451.3.4.1.1. Dwarfs build tower. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 54 No. 51.

F451.3.4.2. F451.3.4.2. Dwarfs as smiths. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 23ff., (1928) 26ff.; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 66, 266ff., *Boberg; German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54, Karstens-Goslar 135.

F451.3.4.3. F451.3.4.3. Dwarfs do farming. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 270; German: Haas Greifswald. 46 No. 54.

F451.3.4.4. F451.3.4.4. Dwarf sews. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nain”; Icelandic: Boberg.

F451.3.4.5. F451.3.4.5. Dwarf bakes bread. *Boberg DF XLVI; Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 119 n. 4; German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.3.4.6. F451.3.4.6. Dwarfs spin. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 270, 271; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 53ff., (1928) 46ff.

F451.3.4.7. F451.3.4.7. Dwarfs churn. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 460.

F451.3.4.8. F451.3.4.8. Dwarfs carry water. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 47ff., (1928) 42ff.

F451.3.4.9. F451.3.4.9. Dwarf expert at making palm wine. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 133.

F451.3.4.10. F451.3.4.10. Dwarf splits wood using penis as wedge. Africa (Fang): Tessman 136.

F451.3.4.11. F451.3.4.11. Dwarf can draw entrails out of elephant. Africa (Fang): Tessman 139.

F451.3.5. F451.3.5. Dwarfs are subject to laws of nature.

F451.3.5.1. F451.3.5.1. Dwarfs die. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 130; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 75ff., 94ff., (1928) 62ff., 76ff.; German: Prцhle Unterharz. 112 No. 292, Sieber 61.

F451.3.5.2. F451.3.5.2. Dwarfs become ill. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 189, Sieber 60.

F451.3.5.3. F451.3.5.3. Dwarf children are hungry. German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.3.5.4. F451.3.5.4. Dwarfs have blood. German: Prцhle Unterharz. 112 No. 294.

F451.3.5.5. F451.3.5.5. Dwarf women bear children. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 74, (1928) 63.

F451.3.6. F451.3.6. Dwarfs are sensitive.

F451.3.6.1. F451.3.6.1. Dwarf is insulted when scolded. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 55 No. 64; German: Schцppner I 264 No. 271.

F451.3.6.2. F451.3.6.2. Dwarfs dislike teasing. (Cf. F451.9.1.7.) German: Sieber 61.

F451.3.6.3. F451.3.6.3. Dwarfs dislike tobacco smoke. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 IV.

F451.3.6.4. F451.3.6.4. Dwarfs accept as gift goose but not gander. German: Kapff 45.

F451.3.6.5. F451.3.6.5. Dwarfs timorous.

F451.3.6.5.1. F451.3.6.5.1. Dwarfs fear the dark. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 256.

F451.3.6.5.2. F451.3.6.5.2. Dwarfs fear dogs. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 256.

F451.3.7. F451.3.7. Dwarfs are particular as to food.

F451.3.7.1. F451.3.7.1. Dwarfs dislike caraway seed in food. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 229, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 367, Sieber 61f.

F451.3.7.2. F451.3.7.2. Dwarfs dislike bread baked without salt. German: Sieber 61.

F451.3.7.3. F451.3.7.3. Dwarfs given inedible food to eat. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 55ff. No. 66.

F451.3.8. F451.3.8. Dwarfs are strong.

F451.3.8.1. F451.3.8.1. Dwarf carries mortal down from Hibichenstein. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 III.

F451.3.9. F451.3.9. Dwarfs are weak.

F451.3.9.1. F451.3.9.1. Dwarf groans while carrying an ear of corn. German: Schцppner I 264 No. 271.

F451.3.10. F451.3.10. Dwarfs are droll. German: Winckler 34 No. 24.

F451.3.11. F451.3.11. Great age of dwarfs. BP I 497; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 271; German: Bindewald 56, Prцhle Unterharz. 112 Nos. 293, 295, Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 II.

F451.3.12. F451.3.12. Dwarfs are intelligent. Irish myth: *Cross.

F451.3.12.1. F451.3.12.1. Dwarfs know herbs. German: Kahlo Harz. 26 No. 47, Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 II, Kapff 44, 45.

F451.3.12.2. F451.3.12.2. Dwarfs are sensible. German: Prцhle Unterharz. 113 No. 298.

F451.3.12.3. F451.3.12.3. Dwarfs are wise. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 92, 265, *Boberg.

F451.3.12.4. F451.3.12.4. Dwarfs cut runes. Icelandic: Boberg.

F451.3.13. F451.3.13. Dwarfs are ill-mannered.

F451.3.13.1. F451.3.13.1. Eating dwarfs smack like hogs. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 229.

F451.3.13.2. F451.3.13.2. Dwarfs chatter. German: Karstens-Goslar 122.

F451.3.13.2.1. F451.3.13.2.1. Dwarfs chatter like geese. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 229, Sieber 62.

F451.3.13.3. F451.3.13.3. Dwarf breaks wind so hard he capsizes canoes. Marquesas: Handy 126.

F451.3.14. F451.3.14. Dwarfs are numerous.

F451.3.14.1. F451.3.14.1. Dwarfs come into the land by the hundreds. German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54.

F451.3.15. F451.3.15. Dwarfs are superstitious.

F451.3.15.1. F451.3.15.1. Dwarfs are superstitious about the three sevens in 1777. (Cf. F451.9.1.3.) German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 60.

F451.3.16. F451.3.16. Dwarfs are artful. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 268--69.

F451.4. F451.4. Home of dwarfs.

F451.4.1. F451.4.1. Dwarfs live under the ground. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 308, MacCulloch Eddic 265, 269; German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F451.4.1.1. F451.4.1.1. Dwarfs live in caves. German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184, Eckart 7, 27, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 367, Boberg.

F451.4.1.2. F451.4.1.2. Dwarfs live in underground castle. German: Kapff 44.

F451.4.1.3. F451.4.1.3. Dwarfs live in luxurious underground palace. German: Prцhle Harzsagen No. 137 III.

F451.4.1.4. F451.4.1.4. Dwarfs live in underground passage. German: Schцppner I 264 No. 271.

F451.4.1.5. F451.4.1.5. Dwarf home is underground, beneath cow stable. (Cf. F451.4.4.3.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 46 No. 387; German: Findeisen No. 5.

F451.4.1.6. F451.4.1.6. Dwarfs undermine lowlands for homes. German: Haas Greifswald 39 No. 42.

F451.4.1.7. F451.4.1.7. Entrance to dwarf home leads through some filthy place under the swill hole or swill tub. German: Haas Greifswald. 36 No. 39, 38 No. 40.

F451.4.1.8. F451.4.1.8. Dwarfs live in the high banks of the seashore. German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54.

F451.4.1.9. F451.4.1.9. Burial places (barrows, howes) as homes of dwarfs. *Gould Scandinavian Studies and Notes IX 190; Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) spec. 151ff., (1928) 107ff.

F451.4.1.10. F451.4.1.10. Snow melts above dwarf’s dwelling. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 46 No. 385; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F451.4.1.11. F451.4.1.11. Dwarfs live in hills and mountains. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267--70.

F451.4.1.12. F451.4.1.12. Dwarfs live in stones. (Cf. F451.3.2.1.1.) *Fb “sten” III 552b; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 265, 268--70, *Boberg; Danish: Schmidt DF XXXIX 27, 108ff.

F451.4.2. F451.4.2. Dwarfs have homes above the ground.

F451.4.2.1. F451.4.2.1. Dwarfs live in a cliff. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 269, *Boberg; German: Eckart 20, 22; Prцhle Harz. No. 269.

F451.4.2.2. F451.4.2.2. Dwarfs live in ravines. German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54.

F451.4.2.3. F451.4.2.3. Dwarfs live in a forest. German: Prцhle Unterharz. 171 No. 453, Kapff 44.

F451.4.2.4. F451.4.2.4. Dwarfs live in a church. German: Prцhle Unterharz. 112 No. 294.

F451.4.2.5. F451.4.2.5. Dwarf king lives in a mill. German: Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 368.

F451.4.2.6. F451.4.2.6. Dwarfs seen on a mountain. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 47 No. 393.

F451.4.3. F451.4.3. Description of dwarf home.

F451.4.3.1. F451.4.3.1. Dwarf cave closed by iron doors. German: Karstens-Goslar 135.

F451.4.3.1.1. F451.4.3.1.1. Dwarfs‘ rock closed by rock-door. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 269.

F451.4.3.2. F451.4.3.2. Dwarf cave has large square room with little doors leading to all sides. German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.4.3.3. F451.4.3.3. Dwarf cave has ceiling of mineral white as snow. German: Eckart 22.

F451.4.3.4. F451.4.3.4. Dwarf home has chandelier of crystals and gems. (Cf. F420.2.1.) German: Eckart 22.

F451.4.3.5. F451.4.3.5. Floors in dwarf home are covered with pine twigs. German: Eckart 22.

F451.4.3.6. F451.4.3.6. Dwarfs’ castle of gold. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 265.

F451.4.3.7. F451.4.3.7. Magic flower opens dwarf home. German: Beckstein 6, Winckler 34 No. 24, Karstens-Goslar 41, Schцppner I 165 No. 158.

F451.4.3.8. F451.4.3.8. Dwarfs‘ house of reeds. German: Grimm Nos. 55, 163, 169.

F451.4.3.9. F451.4.3.9. Dwarfs’ house covered with skin of fabulous six-legged animal. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 247.

F451.4.4. F451.4.4. Home of dwarfs is endangered or destroyed.

F451.4.4.1. F451.4.4.1. Dwarfs resentful that mortals shoot at birds above Hibichenstein, because this crumbles away the cliff. German: Eckart 22, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 III.

F451.4.4.2. F451.4.4.2. Thirty-Years War destroys home of dwarfs. German: Eckart 22, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 III.

F451.4.4.3. F451.4.4.3. Dwarfs request that cow stable be moved because it is above their home and the seepage strikes their dining table. (Cf. F381.7, F451.4.1.5.) Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 325ff., (1928) 207ff.; German: Findeisen 3 No. 5; Icelandic: Boberg.

F451.4.4.3.1. F451.4.4.3.1. Dwarf wishes death to mortal who throws water on his dunghill home. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 254.

F451.4.5. F451.4.5. Government among dwarfs.

F451.4.5.1. F451.4.5.1. Dwarfs are ruled by a king. Irish myth: *Cross; German: Eckart 7, 20, 22, Ey 29, Kahlo Harz. 30 No. 51, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II MacCulloch Eddic 266, 271, 272.

F451.4.6. F451.4.6. In dwarf land sunrise is at midnight. German: Eckart 7.

F451.5. F451.5. Dwarfs and human beings.

F451.5.1. F451.5.1. Helpful dwarfs. *Types 403, 709; BP I 450 ff.; Bцcklen Sneewittchenstudien 84f.; BP I 99, Dickson 218.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 270, 272, *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 53ff., 437--38, (1928) 47ff.; German: Eckart 79, Ey 29, Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54, Haas Greifswald 36 No. 39, Bindewald 56, 84, Kapff 45; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 41 No. 301; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 63 No. 9.

F451.5.1.1. F451.5.1.1. Dwarf as godfather. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 4.

F451.5.1.2. F451.5.1.2. Dwarfs adopt girl as sister. *Type 709; BP I 450ff.; *Bцcklen Sneewittchenstudien 94ff.

F451.5.1.3. F451.5.1.3. Dwarfs make new golden hair for woman. Norse: De la Saussaye 239 (Sif, Thor‘s wife).

F451.5.1.4. F451.5.1.4. Dwarfs’ gold. Seemingly worthless gift given by dwarfs turns to gold. *Type 503; Feilberg DF V 50, 75, 99; Grimm Deutsche Myth. I 228f., 400.--Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 344ff., (1928) 221ff.; German: Eckart 7, 20, 27, 78, Schцppner I 169 No. 163, I 180 No. 175, Bechstein 6, Winckler 34 No. 24, Sieber 63, Kahlo Harz. 26 No. 47, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II; Russian: Ralston Songs of the Russian People 159; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 303 No. 23, 308 Nos. 2, 4, 326 No. 2; French: Sйbillot France I 259; Indonesian: Voorhoeve 116 No. 93.

F451.5.1.5. F451.5.1.5. Money or treasure given by dwarfs. (Cf. F420.5.1.7.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 268; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 46 No. 386; German: Haas Greifswald 38 No. 40, 40 No. 44, Bindewald 188, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 III, No. 168 I, No. 220 II, Schцppner I 165 No. 158, Ey 29.

F451.5.1.5.1. F451.5.1.5.1. Dwarf king turns mill which produces gold. Krappe Revue Archйologique (1931) 142ff.

F451.5.1.6. F451.5.1.6. Other gifts from dwarfs. Boberg DF XLVI 49ff.; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267 (sword), 272, *Boberg; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 57ff. No. 71--105; German: Prцhle Unterharz. 150 No. 379, Karstens-Goslar 155, Ey 9, Kahlo Harz. 67 No. 107, Bechstein 6, Winckler 34 No. 24; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 241, Rink 185, 463.

F451.5.1.6.1. F451.5.1.6.1. Dwarfs’ gifts cease when mortal betrays the source. (Cf. C420, F348.5.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 463.

F451.5.1.7. F451.5.1.7. Dwarfs serve mortals. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; German: MacCulloch Eddic 270, Haas Greifswald 36 No. 39, Schцppner I 264 No. 271, I 354 Nos. 35, 35@1, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II, No. 229, Sieber 60, 283, Kapff 45.

F451.5.1.8. F451.5.1.8. Dwarf serves king sleeping in mountain (Kyffhдuser). Bechstein II 1, 6, 8, 9, Fцrstner Kyffhдuser 7, 9, 16f., 21f., Kahlo Harz. 51 No. 86, 71 No. 112.

F451.5.1.9. F451.5.1.9. Dwarfs direct mortals to treasure. Kahlo Harz. 54 No. 91, 67 No. 107, 69 No. 109, Karstens-Goslar 122.

F451.5.1.10. F451.5.1.10. Dwarfs heal (give medicine). Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Kahlo Harz. 26 No. 47, Kapff 44, Sieber 283, Eckhart 20.

F451.5.1.11. F451.5.1.11. Dwarfs lend to mortals. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn (1892) 19ff., (1928) 91ff.; German: Prцhle Harz Nos. 189, 269, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 367.

F451.5.1.12. F451.5.1.12. Dwarf moves mortal‘s castle from one mountain to another. German: Kahlo Harz. 55 No. 92.

F451.5.1.13. F451.5.1.13. Dwarf washes, combs, and braids hair for sleeping maids. German: Hohaus 123.

F451.5.1.14. F451.5.1.14. Dwarf conducts shepherd to hell to collect debt from nobleman. German: Sieber 100.

F451.5.1.15. F451.5.1.15. Dwarfs warm heath by underground fire. Karstens-Goslar 103.

F451.5.1.16. F451.5.1.16. Dwarf king prevents a father from shooting his son. Prцhle Harz. No. 137 III.

F451.5.1.17. F451.5.1.17. Dwarfs protect the forest. Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II.

F451.5.1.18. F451.5.1.18. Dwarfs teach mortals. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267, *Boberg.

F451.5.1.19. F451.5.1.19. Dwarfs help human beings with spinning. Type 500; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 271.

F451.5.1.20. F451.5.1.20. Dwarfs help in performing task. German: Grimm Nos. 13, 55, 64, 91.

F451.5.1.21. F451.5.1.21. House of dwarf’s friend spared in fire. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 57 No. 83.

F451.5.2. F451.5.2. Malevolent dwarf. *Type 301; BP II 301ff.; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 269f., *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 393ff., (1928) 249ff.; German: Bindewald 87.

F451.5.2.1. F451.5.2.1. Ungrateful dwarf. *Type 426; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 23.

F451.5.2.2. F451.5.2.2. Dwarfs steal from human beings. Fb “kage” II 72a; Gaster Oldest Stories 156.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 129ff., (1928) 93ff., II (1893) 34ff., (1928) 23ff.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 1, 326 No. 23; German: Prцhle Harz. No. 220 I, No. 269, Prцhle Unterharz. 112 No. 291, Sieber 61f., Eckart 7, 27, 79, Karstens-Goslar 102.

F451.5.2.2.1. F451.5.2.2.1. Dwarfs steal magic objects. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F451.5.2.2.2. F451.5.2.2.2. Dwarfs steal food and drink. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 56 No. 70.

F451.5.2.3. F451.5.2.3. Dwarfs exchange children in cradle. Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 272; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 294ff., (1928) 186ff.; German: Haas Greifswald 36 No. 39, 40 No. 43, Sieber 60, Prцhle Harz. Nos. 189, 220 I, 207, 269, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 368.

F451.5.2.3.1. F451.5.2.3.1. Father given carved wooden image in lieu of son stolen by dwarfs. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 110.

F451.5.2.4. F451.5.2.4. Dwarfs kidnap mortals. (Cf. F420.5.2.2. and cross-references there given.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 269f., 272, *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 228ff., (1928) 162ff.; German: Eckart 80, Prцhle Harz. No. 229; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 278, 446.

F451.5.2.5. F451.5.2.5. Dwarfs interfere with mortal‘s work (destroy buildings, crops, etc.) (Cf. F420.5.2.5.) *Fb “dvжrg” I 220; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 437--38; German: Karstens-Goslar 103, Prцhle Unterharz. 113 No. 297.

F451.5.2.6. F451.5.2.6. Dwarfs punish. Icelandic: Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn (1892) 156ff., (1928) 171ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 55 No. 65; German: Sieber 61f., 283, Winckler 43 No. 36, Karstens-Goslar 41, Kahlo Harz. 30 No. 51, Fцrstner Kyffhдuser 22, Kapff 45; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 84.

F451.5.2.7. F451.5.2.7. Dwarfs play pranks. Gaster Oldest Stories 156; German: Bindewald 87, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II, Kahlo Harz. 30 No. 51, Karstens-Goslar 102, 103.

F451.5.2.8. F451.5.2.8. Dwarfs threaten mortals. German: Eckart 69, Prцhle Harz. No. 229.

F451.5.2.9. F451.5.2.9. Dwarfs scold mortals. German: Beckstein 6, Winckler 34 No. 24.

F451.5.2.10. F451.5.2.10. Dwarfs frighten mortals. German: Eckart 7, Bindewald 84, Kapff 44.

F451.5.2.11. F451.5.2.11. Dwarfs attack soldier. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 137, Findeisen 39 No. 43.

F451.5.2.12. F451.5.2.12. Dwarf takes back gifts he gave. German: Schцppner I 264 No. 271.

F451.5.2.13. F451.5.2.13. Dwarfs curse weapons and treasures which they are forced to give (or which the receiver does not appreciate). Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 268, *Boberg.

F451.5.2.14. F451.5.2.14. Dwarfs demand gifts. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 56 No. 69.

F451.5.3. F451.5.3. Dwarfs are ancestors of mortals. German: Haas Greifswald 40 No. 43.

F451.5.3.1. F451.5.3.1. Crippled mortals are of dwarf ancestry. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 187.

F451.5.4. F451.5.4. Mortal goes to land of dwarfs. Type 963*; German: Prцhle Harz. Nos. 137 III, 168 I, II, 229, Eckart 22, 78, 80, Schцppner I 186 No. 184; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 241.

F451.5.4.1. F451.5.4.1. Ghost conceals herself with dwarfs. Tobler 66.

F451.5.4.2. F451.5.4.2. Dwarfs suspend large millstone on thin thread over head of mortal, to show what anguish dwarfs felt when mortal endangered their lives. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 337ff.; Lithuanian: Indogermanische Forschungen XXXV 124 No. 18; German: Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 40.

F451.5.4.3. F451.5.4.3. Enchanted princess lives with dwarfs. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 175 I.

F451.5.5. F451.5.5. Dwarfs have human woman as midwife. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 330ff., (1928) 210ff.; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 272; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 2, 326 No. 2; German: Kahlo Harz. 54 No. 91.

F451.5.6. F451.5.6. Dwarfs have mortal god-parent. (Cf. F420.5.3.3.) German: Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 40, Eckart 78.

F451.5.7. F451.5.7. Dwarfs visit mortal’s home. German: Karsten-Goslar 122, Sieber 61, Prцhle Harz. Nos. 137 IV, 229, Bindewald 87.

F451.5.7.1. F451.5.7.1. Dwarf wants to warm self at fire. German: Sieber 61; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nain”.

F451.5.8. F451.5.8. Dwarfs associate with mortals. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 40ff., 266ff., (1928) 37ff., 179ff.; German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184, Kapff 45; Prцhle Harz. No. 187; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 480, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 167.

F451.5.8.1. F451.5.8.1. Dwarf follows countess around like a little dog. German: Bindewald 83.

F451.5.9. F451.5.9. Dwarfs and Christianity. (Cf. F420.5.3.4. and cross-references there given. Cf. also F451.9.1.6.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 271.

F451.5.9.1. F451.5.9.1. Dwarfs fear the cross. German: Karstens-Goslar 155, Findeisen 3 No. 5.

F451.5.9.2. F451.5.9.2. Dwarfs dislike singing of hymns. German: Karstens-Goslar 155.

F451.5.9.3. F451.5.9.3. Dwarfs dislike church bells. German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54, Karstens-Goslar 103, 155.

F451.5.9.4. F451.5.9.4. Dwarfs regard Day of St. John the Divine. German: Schцppner I 164 No. 157, 165 No. 158.

F451.5.9.5. F451.5.9.5. Dwarf seeks to enter church. *Fb “dvжrg” I 220.

F451.5.9.6. F451.5.9.6. Murder causes dwarf to lose his soul. (Cf. E700.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 240.

F451.5.10. F451.5.10. Business relations of dwarfs and mortals. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F451.5.10.1. F451.5.10.1. Dwarfs accept remuneration. German: Karstens-Goslar 135, 155, Sieber 283, Eckart 67, Prцhle Harz. No. 229, Kapff 45.

F451.5.10.2. F451.5.10.2. Dwarfs object to rewards. (Cf. F451.5.10.9.) German: Schцppner I 354 No. 351, Prцhle Unterharz. 150 No. 379.

F451.5.10.3. F451.5.10.3. Dwarfs borrow from mortals. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 116ff., (1928) 90ff., Boberg DF XLVI 38ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 56 No. 68; German: Eckart 78, Schцppner I 186 No. 184, Findeisen 39 No. 43.

F451.5.10.3.1. F451.5.10.3.1. Dwarf borrows sledge. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 587--590.

F451.5.10.4. F451.5.10.4. Dwarfs return what they borrow. Boberg DF XLVI 38ff.; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 116ff., (1928) 90ff.; German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184; Eckart 78.

F451.5.10.5. F451.5.10.5. Dwarfs buy peas from mortals and pay more than they are worth. German: Eckart 79, Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.5.10.6. F451.5.10.6. Dwarfs pay for being ferried across water. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 417ff., (1928) 256ff.; German: Karstens-Goslar 155.

F451.5.10.7. F451.5.10.7. Mortal confiscates property of dwarfs. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 137.

F451.5.10.8. F451.5.10.8. Dwarfs make promises with mental reservations. German: Eckart 7.

F451.5.10.9. F451.5.10.9. Ausgelohnt. When dwarfs are paid in full for their work they cease helping mortals. *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. “Ausgelohnt”; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 96ff., (1928) 70ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 40 No. 326; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3490.

F451.5.11. F451.5.11. Dwarfs suffer abuses by mortals. German: Schцppner I 264 No. 271, Prцhle Harz. No. 269, Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 40, Eckart 69, Sieber 61, Ey 29.

F451.5.12. F451.5.12. Dwarfs thwart efforts of mortals to get additional favors. German: Eckart 7.

F451.5.12.1. F451.5.12.1. Mortals, informed by those benefited, seek dwarf abode in vain. German: Kahlo Harz. 69 No. 109.

F451.5.13. F451.5.13. Dwarfs exact promise from mortals. German: Karstens-Goslar 41, Eckart 22.

F451.5.14. F451.5.14. Dwarfs tease mortals. German: Kapff 44, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 368.

F451.5.15. F451.5.15. Dwarfs give riddles and questions to mortals.

F451.5.15.1. F451.5.15.1. Dwarf promises mortal much money if he will guess his name. German: Haas Greifswald. 40 No. 44.

F451.5.15.2. F451.5.15.2. Dwarf makes return of child dependent upon guessing of riddle. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 220 I.

F451.5.15.3. F451.5.15.3. Dwarf suitor desists when unwilling maiden guesses his name. (Cf. C432.1.) German: Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 41.

F451.5.16. F451.5.16. Dwarfs dislike human vices. German: Sieber 61, Schцppner I 186 No. 184, Prцhle Harz. No. 269, Prцhle Unterharz. 113 No. 298, Karstens-Goslar 135, Fцrstner Kyffhдuser 22, Winckler 43 No. 36.

F451.5.17. F451.5.17. Dwarfs invisibly attend wedding or christening feasts of mortals. (Cf. F451.3.3.8.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 135ff., (1928) 96ff.; German: Prцhle Harz. No. 229, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 368.

F451.5.17.1. F451.5.17.1. Invisible dwarfs at christening feast made to speak by brewing beer in egg-shell. (Cf. F321.1.1.1, F481.4.) German: Prцhle Harz. No. 229.

F451.5.18. F451.5.18. Dwarf loves mortal girl. (Cf. F420.6.1. and cross references F451.5.15.3.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 270, 272, Boberg; Swiss Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 86; German: Haas Greifswald. 36 No. 39, 38 No. 44.

F451.5.18.1. F451.5.18.1. Dwarf promises money and property to mortal father for hand of daughter. German: Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 41.

F451.5.19. F451.5.19. Dwarfs are bashful or timid. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 44ff., (1928) 41ff.

F451.5.19.1. F451.5.19.1. Dwarf stays away from house after maid tries to catch and kiss him. German: Hohaus 123.

F451.5.20. F451.5.20. Dwarfs give orders to mortals. German: Prцhle Unterharz 113 No. 298, Findeisen 39 No. 43.

F451.5.21. F451.5.21. Six dwarfs listen to singing by confirmed children. German: Kapff 45.

F451.5.22. F451.5.22. Expelled dwarfs plan to dig underground bed for Rhine. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 303 No. 23.

F451.5.23. F451.5.23. Dwarfs seek human help in their fights and troubles. Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxxviii--xli; German: MacCulloch Eddic 272.

F451.6. F451.6. Other actions of dwarfs.

F451.6.1. F451.6.1. Dwarf caught by beard in cleft of tree. (Cf. F451.2.3.1.) *Type 426; BP III 260; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “nain”.

F451.6.2. F451.6.2. Dwarf rides.

F451.6.2.1. F451.6.2.1. Dwarf rides on a hare. Kцhler-Bolte I 545.

F451.6.2.2. F451.6.2.2. Dwarf rides through air on wooden horse. Dickson 217.

F451.6.2.3. F451.6.2.3. Dwarfs are taken for hussars because they ride little horses. (Cf. F451.7.5.) German: Prцhle Unterharz. 112 No. 294.

F451.6.2.4. F451.6.2.4. Dwarfs try to kill serpent. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F451.6.3. F451.6.3. Dwarfs have festivities. Irish myth: *Cross.

F451.6.3.1. F451.6.3.1. Dwarfs feast mortals in their home. German: Eckart 22, Ey 29, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 III, No. 168 I, Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 40.

F451.6.3.2. F451.6.3.2. Dwarfs celebrate weddings and christenings of their own. (Cf. F451.6.5.) Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 62ff., (1928) 54ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 45 Nos. 375--376; German: Prцhle Harz. No. 229, Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 40.

F451.6.3.3. F451.6.3.3. Dwarfs have music. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 270--71; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 189ff., (1928) 133ff.; German: Eckart 22, Sieber 62, Prцhle Harz. No. 229, Prцhle Unterharz. 171 No. 453.

F451.6.3.3.1. F451.6.3.3.1. Dwarf musician (poet). Irish myth: *Cross.

F451.6.3.4. F451.6.3.4. Dwarf dances. *Fb “danse” IV 93a; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 193ff., (1928) 137ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 58 No. 92; German: Sieber 62.

F451.6.3.5. F451.6.3.5. Dwarfs play in the moonlight. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 36ff., (1928) 33ff.; German: Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 41.

F451.6.3.6. F451.6.3.6. Dwarfs hold church services. German: Schцppner I 165 No. 158.

F451.6.4. F451.6.4. Dwarfs fight with each other. German: Ey 29, Prцhle Unterharz. 112 No. 294.

F451.6.5. F451.6.5. Dwarfs wed. (Cf. F451.6.3.2.) Irish myth: *Cross (F451.3.17); German: Karstens-Goslar 122, Kahlo Harz. 30 No. 51.

F451.6.6. F451.6.6. Dwarfs laugh. German: Karstens-Goslar 122.

F451.6.7. F451.6.7. Dwarfs weep. German: Fцrstner Kyffhдuser 17.

F451.6.8. F451.6.8. Dwarfs become angry. German: Haas Greifswald 38 No. 41.

F451.6.9. F451.6.9. Dwarfs dig for treasures. German: Findeisen 3 No. 5.

F451.6.10. F451.6.10. Frau Holle lives with dwarfs. (Cf. F475.1.) German: Prцhle Harz. No. 230.

F451.6.11. F451.6.11. Dwarfs betray. German: Sieber 61.

F451.6.12. F451.6.12. Dwarf king Hibich comes to surface every 500 years. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II.

F451.6.13. F451.6.13. Dwarf carries his knocked-off leg on his shoulder. German: Sieber 61.

F451.6.14. F451.6.14. Dwarfs flee to caves for protection. German: Karstens-Goslar 102.

F451.7. F451.7. Possessions of dwarfs. Irish myth: *Cross.

F451.7.1. F451.7.1. Dwarfs possess treasure (gold, jewels, etc.). Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 270; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 172ff. (1928) 221ff.; German: Eckart 22, Schцppner I 164 No. 157, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 IV, Haas Greifswald. 36 No. 39, 38 No. 40.

F451.7.2. F451.7.2. Dwarfs have ovens. Boberg DF XLVI 16ff.; German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.7.3. F451.7.3. Dwarfs have little lanterns. German: Winckler 56 No. 57.

F451.7.4. F451.7.4. Dwarf king has silver miner‘s torch bright as the sun. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II.

F451.7.5. F451.7.5. Dwarfs have little horses. (Cf. F451.6.2.3.) Irish myth: *Cross; German: Prцhle Unterharz. 112 No. 294.

F451.7.6. F451.7.6. Dwarfs have cattle, steeds and wagons. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 31ff., (1928) 32ff.; German: Karstens-Goslar 122.

F451.8. F451.8. Names for dwarfs. **Gould PMLA XLIV 939.

F451.8.1. F451.8.1. Common names for dwarfs. German: Haas Grimmen 3, 46 No. 54, Haas Greifswald. 36 No. 39, 38 Nos. 40, 41, Nos. 43, 44, Karstens-Goslar 135, 155, Schцppner I 165 No. 158, I 169 No. 163, I 264 No. 271, I 354 No. 351, Ey 9, 29, Bindewald 83, 87, 142, 188, Findeisen 3 No. 5, 39 No. 43, Kappf 44, 45, Hohaus 123, Eckart 27, 67, 78ff., Bechstein 6.

F451.8.2. F451.8.2. Proper names for dwarfs. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. XIV, *Boberg, MacCulloch Eddic 264, 269--70; German: Eckart 20, 22, Prцhle Harz. No. 137 II, III, Prцhle Unterharz. 145 No. 368, Haas Greifswald. 38 No. 41, 40 No. 44.

F451.9. F451.9. Dwarfs emigrate. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 417ff., (1928) 256ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 59 Nos. 103--105.

F451.9.1. F451.9.1. Why dwarfs emigrate.

F451.9.1.1. F451.9.1.1. Dwarfs emigrate because mortals put caraway seeds into bread. German: Sieber 61.

F451.9.1.2. F451.9.1.2. Dwarfs emigrate because mortals are false. German: Prцhle Unterharz. 113 No. 298.

F451.9.1.3. F451.9.1.3. The three sevens in 1777 drive dwarfs out of the land. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 60.

F451.9.1.4. F451.9.1.4. Dwarfs emigrate because of industrial development. German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.9.1.5. F451.9.1.5. Dwarfs promise to emigrate if captured dwarfs are released. German: Sieber 62.

F451.9.1.6. F451.9.1.6. Dwarfs emigrate because Christianity offends them. (Cf. F451.5.9.) German: Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54; Icelandic: Boberg.

F451.9.1.7. F451.9.1.7. Dwarfs emigrate because mortals tease them. (Cf. F451.3.6.2.) German: Sieber 61.

F451.9.1.8. F451.9.1.8. Dwarfs emigrate because mortals object to their stealing. German: Prцhle Harz. No. 269.

F451.9.1.9. F451.9.1.9. Dwarfs emigrate because they dislike peasants‘ dancing and loud music. German: Karstens-Goslar 103.

F451.9.1.10. F451.9.1.10. Dwarfs emigrate because mortals curse. German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.9.1.11. F451.9.1.11. Dwarfs emigrate because mortals desecrate holy day. German: Schцppner I 186 No. 184.

F451.9.1.12. F451.9.1.12. Dwarfs emigrate because of mortals’ ingratitude. German: Sieber 61.

F451.9.1.13. F451.9.1.13. Frederick the Great drove dwarfs across Black Sea. German: Sieber 61.

F451.9.1.14. F451.9.1.14. Dwarfs forced to flee by deity. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 328.

F451.9.1.15. F451.9.1.15. Dwarfs emigrate when their king dies. Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 59 No. 102.

F451.9.2. F451.9.2. The destination of emigrating dwarfs.

F451.9.2.1. F451.9.2.1. Dwarfs emigrate to unknown place. German: Karstens-Goslar 155.

F451.9.2.2. F451.9.2.2. Dwarfs emigrate to the Orient. German: Kapff 44.

F451.9.3. F451.9.3. Dwarfs emigrate New Year‘s Eve of 1800 to return New Year’s Eve of 1900. German: Sieber 61.

F451.9.4. F451.9.4. As dwarfs emigrate each deposits coin into kettle for mortals. German: Sieber 62.

F451.9.5. F451.9.5. Emigrating dwarfs are ferried across water. (Cf. F451.5.10.6.) German: Karstens-Goslar 166.

F451.9.6. F451.9.6. Dwarfs emigrate unseen but heard. (Cf. F455.5.1.) Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 59 No. 104; German: Sieber 62.

F451.10. F451.10. Dwarfs and other supernatural beings.

F451.10.1. F451.10.1. Giants and heroes created for the protection and aid of dwarfs. (Cf. F451.1.3.) German: MacCulloch Eddic 265.

F451.10.2. F451.10.2. Giants and dwarfs in contest. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 53.

F451.10.2.1. F451.10.2.1. Dwarfs kill giantess by dropping millstone on her head. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 53.

F451.10.3. F451.10.3. Dwarfs in love with other supernatural beings. (Cf. F531.7.2.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 95, 123, 270 (Freyja); *Boberg.

F451.10.4. F451.10.4. Dwarfs make weapons and other precious objects for the gods. (Cf. F451.3.4.2.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 266.

F455. F455. Trolls. Sometimes underground spirits, sometimes also thought of as mountain-spirits. In many tales trolls are ogres. (Cf. G100, G400--G599.) *Fb “trold” III 852a; Scandinavian: **E. Hartmann Die Trollvorstellungen in den Sagen und Mдrchen der skandinavischen Vцlker (Stuttgart, 1936); Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 285ff., Boberg; Norwegian: Solheim Register 18, 21; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 60ff.

F455.1. F455.1. Home of trolls.

F455.1.1. F455.1.1. Trolls live in howe (barrow, grave). *Fb “trold” III 852a; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F455.1.2. F455.1.2. Trolls live in cliffs. Icelandic: **Boberg.

F455.2. F455.2. Appearance of trolls. (Cf. G304.1.)

F455.2.1. F455.2.1. Trolls the size of ten or twelve year old child. *Fb “trold” III 852a.

F455.2.2. F455.2.2. Trolls are usually ugly, hideous, big and strong. Icelandic: *Boberg; Norwegian: Solheim Register 18, Hartmann 48, 52, 65.

F455.2.3. F455.2.3. Trolls are black (dark). Hartmann 65; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F455.2.4. F455.2.4. Trolls dressed in skins. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F455.2.5. F455.2.5. Troll in human form. Hartmann 70.

F455.2.5.1. F455.2.5.1. Troll in human size. Hartmann 65.

F455.2.6. F455.2.6. Trolls frightful. Hartmann 52.

F455.2.7. F455.2.7. Troll with snout for nose. Hartmann 54.

F455.2.8. F455.2.8. Troll in animal form (cat, dog, pig, hen). Hartmann 67, 70.

F455.2.9. F455.2.9. Troll as whirlwind. Hartmann 73.

F455.2.10. F455.2.10. Great age of trolls. Often centuries old. Hartmann 67.

F455.3. F455.3. Characteristic activities of trolls.

F455.3.1. F455.3.1. Trolls skillful as smiths. *Fb “smed” III 402a; *Krappe Grinkenschmied (Archiv fьr das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literatur CLVIII [1930] 9--23).

F455.3.2. F455.3.2. Trolls dance. *Fb “danse” IV 93b.

F455.3.3. F455.3.3. Trolls ride.

F455.3.3.1. F455.3.3.1. Troll rides on dog. Fb “hund” I 676b.

F455.3.3.2. F455.3.3.2. Troll rides in whirlwind. (Cf. F455.2.9.) Fb “hvirvelvind” IV 232a.

F455.3.3.3. F455.3.3.3. Trolls ride on men and cattle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F455.3.4. F455.3.4. Trolls spin and weave fine cloth. Hartmann 72.

F455.3.5. F455.3.5. Trolls bake. Hartmann 71, *Boberg DF XLVI.

F455.3.6. F455.3.6. Trolls go about at night. Hartmann 75.

F455.4. F455.4. Possessions of trolls.

F455.4.1. F455.4.1. Trolls‘ riches. Hartmann 70.

F455.4.1.1. F455.4.1.1. Trolls’ riches inside mountain. Hartmann 70.

F455.4.2. F455.4.2. Trolls‘ food.

F455.4.2.1. F455.4.2.1. Trolls’ food gives man supernatural strength. Hartmann 72.

F455.4.2.2. F455.4.2.2. Trolls eat from golden dishes, but food is frogs and snakes. Hartmann 70.

F455.4.2.3. F455.4.2.3. Trolls live on food humans have failed to bless. Hartmann 70.

F455.5. F455.5. Visibility of trolls. (Cf. F235.)

F455.5.1. F455.5.1. Trolls invisible but heard. (Cf. F412, F451.9.6.) Hartmann 69f.

F455.5.2. F455.5.2. Invisible troll attends wedding and eats food. Hartmann 73.

F455.5.3. F455.5.3. Trolls have cap of invisibility. (Cf. F451.3.3.8.) Hartmann 73.

F455.5.4. F455.5.4. Certain persons can see trolls. (Cf. F235.3.) Hartmann 74.

F455.5.4.1. F455.5.4.1. Animals can see trolls. (Cf. B733.) Hartmann 74.

F455.5.4.2. F455.5.4.2. Trolls visible to unconfirmed children. Hartmann 83.

F455.5.4.3. F455.5.4.3. Trolls seen through another‘s arm (or the like). (Cf. D1821.3.1, F235.6.) Hartmann 74.

F455.6. F455.6. Trolls and men.

F455.6.1. F455.6.1. Trolls’ friendship with men. Hartmann 72.

F455.6.2. F455.6.2. Trolls‘ lending and borrowing. Hartmann 72.

F455.6.2.1. F455.6.2.1. Troll repays loan with costly or magic object. Hartmann 72.

F455.6.3. F455.6.3. Trolls steal from humans. Hartmann 64, 73.

F455.6.3.1. F455.6.3.1. Trolls steal fish at Christmas. Hartmann 57.

F455.6.4. F455.6.4. Theft from troll.

F455.6.4.1. F455.6.4.1. Troll’s costly cup stolen. Hartmann 18, 70.

F455.6.4.2. F455.6.4.2. Troll‘s treasure obtained by casting steel on it. Hartmann 20.

F455.6.5. F455.6.5. Trolls visit men.

F455.6.5.1. F455.6.5.1. Trolls visit people Christmas Eve. Hartmann 53f., 75.

F455.6.6. F455.6.6. Trolls carry off people. (Cf. F320, F322.) *Hartmann 76, 86ff.; *Feilberg DF V.

F455.6.6.1. F455.6.6.1. Stolen woman saved from trolls’ dance. (Cf. F322.2.) Hartmann 118ff.

F455.6.7. F455.6.7. Trolls as changelings. (Cf. F321.1.) Scandinavian: *Hartmann 76ff.; **Piaschewski Der Wichsetbalg (Breslau, 1935).

F455.6.8. F455.6.8. Trolls help men.

F455.6.8.1. F455.6.8.1. Trolls help with grain harvest. Hartmann 72f.

F455.6.9. F455.6.9. Trolls as the constant enemies of humans. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F455.6.10. F455.6.10. People possessed by trolls. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F455.7. F455.7. Trolls and Christianity. (Cf. G304.2.4.1.)

F455.7.1. F455.7.1. Trolls flee before Christianity. (Cf. F382) Hartmann 69.

F455.7.2. F455.7.2. Troll helpless before sign of Cross. (Cf. D1766.1.) Hartmann 67.

F455.7.3. F455.7.3. Trolls may not utter holy names. Hartmann 70.

F455.8. F455.8. Troll killed.

F455.8.1. F455.8.1. Trolls turn to stone at sunrise. (Cf. F531.6.12.2.) Norwegian: Solheim Register 18, Hartmann 68.

F455.8.2. F455.8.2. Trolls killed by lightning. Hartmann 67.

F455.9. F455.9. Banning trolls.

F455.9.1. F455.9.1. Certain persons can ban trolls. Hartmann 74.

F455.10. F455.10. Recognizing trolls.

F455.10.1. F455.10.1. Test of troll child. Snake placed in dough she is to knead. She calls it “brother”. Hartmann 81.

F455.11. F455.11. Offspring of trolls. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F456. F456. Mine spirits. Gnomes. (Cf. E336.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 279, 460.

F456.1. F456.1. Knockers (Tommy Knockers, spriggins).

F456.1.1. F456.1.1. Origin of knockers or spriggins.

F456.1.1.1. F456.1.1.1. Knockers as ghosts of Jews who crucified Christ and who were forced to work Cornish tin mines as punishment. England: *Baughman.

F456.1.1.2. F456.1.1.2. Knockers as ghosts of giants who formerly lived in area. England: Baughman.

F456.1.1.3. F456.1.1.3. Knockers as spirits of dead miners. U.S.: *Baughman.

F456.1.2. F456.1.2. Actions of knockers.

F456.1.2.1. F456.1.2.1. Malicious actions of knockers.

F456.1.2.1.1. F456.1.2.1.1. Knockers bring ill luck if one whistles in the mine. (Cf. G303.16.18.) England: Baughman.

F456.1.2.1.2. F456.1.2.1.2. Knockers hide tools of miners. U.S.: Baughman.

F456.1.2.1.3. F456.1.2.1.3. Knockers tamper with dynamite fuses in mine. U.S.: *Baughman.

F456.1.2.1.4. F456.1.2.1.4. Knockers kick rungs out of ladders, cutting off escape of trapped miners. U.S.: Baughman.

F456.1.2.1.5. F456.1.2.1.5. Knockers lame miners who bother them unduly. England: *Baughman.

F456.1.2.2. F456.1.2.2. Helpful actions of knockers. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

F456.1.2.2.1. F456.1.2.2.1. Knockers lead men to the richest lodes in the mines by knocking in those areas. England: *Baughman.

F456.1.2.2.2. F456.1.2.2.2. Knockers do miner‘s work at night while he is gone. England: Baughman.

F456.1.2.2.3. F456.1.2.2.3. Knockers test entries and supports by tapping them with hammers. U.S.: Baughman.

F456.1.2.2.4. F456.1.2.2.4. Knockers appear to miners before accidents occur: the sight of one serves as a warning to leave mine. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

F456.1.2.3. F456.1.2.3. Other actions of knockers.

F456.1.2.3.1. F456.1.2.3.1. Knockers hold midnight mass deep in mines on Christmas Eve. (Cf. E492.) England: Baughman.

F456.1.2.3.2. F456.1.2.3.2. Knockers (ghosts of Jews) are compelled to sing carols in mines at Christmastime. England: Baughman.

F456.1.2.3.3. F456.1.2.3.3. Knockers refrain from work on Saturdays and other Jewish holidays. England: Baughman.

F456.2. F456.2. Mining spirit: “Bluecap.”

F456.2.1. F456.2.1. Bluecap moves coal-tubs for miners. England: *Baughman.

F456.3. F456.3. Mining spirit: “Cutty Soams”.

F456.3.1. F456.3.1. “Cutty” cuts cords by which miners pull tubs full of coal. England: *Baughman.

F456.4. F456.4. Miscellaneous mine spirit motifs.

F456.4.1. F456.4.1. Fairies operate coal mine. Wales: Baughman.

F460. F460. Mountain-spirits. (Huldra.) See also F200--F399 (Fairies and Elves), F420 (Water-spirits), and F451 (Dwarfs) for many common motifs. Meyer Altgermanische 101; *Fb “vжtte” III 1122b, “dvжrg” I 220b, “hцj” I 740a, and especially “bjжrgmand” I 41b, 42a; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1071 s.v. “Berggeister”; *Wehrhan 80; Scandinavian: **Hartmann 35ff., 57, 64 (“huldra”); *Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 60ff. Nos. 513--564; Slovenian: *L. Kratzenbacher Germanische Mythen in der epischen Volksdichtung der Slowenen (Graz, 1941) 28--35; India: Thompson-Balys.

F460.0.1. F460.0.1. Mountain spirits as souls of dead. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 76.

F460.1. F460.1. Appearance of mountain men.

F460.1.1. F460.1.1. Mountain-man in animal shape. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 60 No. 517.

F460.1.1.1. F460.1.1.1. Mountain-man in shape of hog. Fb “svin” III 676a.

F460.1.2. F460.1.2. Mountain-wife has breasts so long that she throws them over her shoulder. (Cf. F232.2, F441.2.1.2, F531.1.5.1, G123.) Fb “patte” II 791b; Scandinavian: Hartmann 38.

F460.1.3. F460.1.3. Mountain-man carries shears at side like sword. Fb “saks” III 143a.

F460.1.4. F460.1.4. Dress of mountain-men. *Fb “bjжrgmand” IV 41b.

F460.1.4.1. F460.1.4.1. Mountain-men in white caps. Fb “hvid” I 700b.

F460.1.4.2. F460.1.4.2. Mountain-men in red caps. (Cf. F236.3.2., F451.2.7.1.) Fb “lue” II 455.

F460.1.4.3. F460.1.4.3. Huldra-woman’s cap. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F460.1.5. F460.1.5. Huldra-women have cow‘s tails. (Cf. F232.8, F518, F531.1.6.14.) Norwegian: Hartmann 37.

F460.1.6. F460.1.6. Huldra-men with long teeth and nose. Norwegian: Hartmann 37.

F460.1.7. F460.1.7. Huldra invisible. Hartmann 37.

F460.2. F460.2. Characteristics of mountain-men.

F460.2.1. F460.2.1. Mountain-folk afraid of thunder. Fb “torden” III 824b.

F460.2.2. F460.2.2. Mountain-folk ride through air on horses. Fb “luftrejse” II 457a.

F460.2.3. F460.2.3. Mountain-men cannot enter house till light is quenched. Fb “lys” II 480b.

F460.2.4. F460.2.4. Mountain-man has stack of butter before his door. Fb “smцr” III 413b.

F460.2.5. F460.2.5. Huldra have lake. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F460.2.6. F460.2.6. Huldra live like people. Have own churches, king, soldiers, etc. Hartmann 37.

F460.2.8. F460.2.8. Huldra have drum. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F460.2.9. F460.2.9. Huldra have cattle. (Cf. F241.2.) Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F460.2.10. F460.2.10. Huldra have drinking-horn. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F460.2.11. F460.2.11. Huldra tend herds in mountains. Hartmann 35.

F460.2.12. F460.2.12. Mountain-man must die six times to be dead. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 273.

F460.2.13. F460.2.13. Huldra sing songs. Norwegian: Hartmann 35, 37.

F460.2.14. F460.2.14. Mountain spirits eat raw food. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 6f., 18, 19, 32, 34, 39, 41, 42, 46, 49, 51, 52, 60, 61, 188.

F460.2.15. F460.2.15. Mountain spirits change sex at will. (Cf. D10.) Buin: Wheeler 19, 51.

F460.3. F460.3. Amusements of mountain-folk.

F460.3.1. F460.3.1. Mountain-folk dance. *Fb “danse” IV 93a; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 302 No. 2.

F460.3.2. F460.3.2. Mountain-men play games. Hartland Science 166ff., 178; cf. Irving’s Rip Van Winkle.

F460.4. F460.4. Relation of mountain-men and human beings.

F460.4.1. F460.4.1. Mountain-girl marries mortal man. Supernaturally strong man as offspring. Fb “dцjs” I 229b; Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1928) 282--283.

F460.4.1.1. F460.4.1.1. Mountain-men as lovers of herding-girls. Norwegian: Hartman 37.

F460.4.1.2. F460.4.1.2. Mountain woman has sex relations with man. Norwegian: Hartmann 104ff.; Solheim Register 19.

F460.4.1.2.1. F460.4.1.2.1. Child from dreamed sex relations with mountain-woman. Hartmann 121 (cf. Ibsen’s Peer Gynt).

F460.4.2. F460.4.2. Helpful mountain-men. Norwegian: Hartmann 35.

F460.4.2.1. F460.4.2.1. Mountain-spirits help build palace. Chinese: Werner 181.

F460.4.2.2. F460.4.2.2. Money left on hill to repay helpful mountain-men. *Fb “penge” II 803a.

F460.4.2.3. F460.4.2.3. Mountain-spirit teaches hero swordsmanship. Japanese: Anesaki 309.

F460.4.2.4. F460.4.2.4. Mountain-men give children a book. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 60 No. 514.

F460.4.2.5. F460.4.2.5. Huldra trade cattle with men. Norwegian: Hartmann 35.

F460.4.3. F460.4.3. Mountain-men leave broken implement for man to mend. Fb “ovnrage” II 775b; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 271.

F460.4.4. F460.4.4. Malevolent mountain-men.

F460.4.4.1. F460.4.4.1. Mountain-men abduct persons. *Fb “karet” II 91; Icelandic: *Boberg; Norwegian: Solheim Register 19, *Hartmann 109, 112; Chinese: Werner 345; Japanese: Ikeda; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 39; New Hebrides: Codrington 409.

F460.4.4.1.1. F460.4.4.1.1. Woman rescued from mountain-men. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19, *Hartmann 117.

F460.4.4.2. F460.4.4.2. Mountain-men chain captive peasant. Fb “lжnke” II 497.

F460.4.4.3. F460.4.4.3. Mountain-men throw person over church roof. Fb “kaste” II 103.

F460.4.4.4. F460.4.4.4. Mountain-men make sausage of Christians. Fb “pцlse” II 907.

F460.4.4.5. F460.4.4.5. Mountain-folk steal from peasant. Fb “lys” II 480b.

F460.4.4.6. F460.4.4.6. Mountain-men drive off man‘s herds. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 301f. Nos. 12, 18.

F460.4.4.7. F460.4.4.7. Mountain-spirit causes shipwreck. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 138.

F460.4.5. F460.4.5. Mountain-men borrow from peasant. Fb “lеne” II 521.

F460.4.6. F460.4.6. Failure to bless mountains gives mountain-men power. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 301 No. 18; Icelandic: Boberg.

F460.4.7. F460.4.7. Mountain-man as godfather. Type 1165; Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 441ff., (1928) 264ff.

F460.4.8. F460.4.8. Visit to mountain-men. Norwegian: Solheim Register 18.

F465. F465. Rьbezahl. A mountain and storm spirit. *Wehrhan 68; **Jungbauer Die Rьbezahlsage (Reichenberg, 1923); Koch **Rьbezahl (Breslau, n.d.); Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXXV--XXXVI 68; *Loewe Zs. f. Vksk. XVIII 1, 151, XXI 31, 126.

F470. F470. Night-spirits. Poltergeister; goblins; hobgoblins. *Kittredge Witchcraft 214, 521f. nn. 7, 9ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: *Wessman 30ff.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 4.

F470.0.1. F470.0.1. Friar Rush as mischief maker. *Kittredge Witchcraft 216, 524 nn. 27--31.

F470.1. F470.1. Spirits pull off person’s bedclothes. *Kittredge Witchcraft 217, 524f. nn. 37--44; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

F470.2. F470.2. Night-spirits dance. Fb “danse” IV 93a.

F471. F471. Dream demons.

F471.1. F471.1. Nightmare (Alp). Presses person in dream. **E. Jones Der Alptraum (Leipzig-Wien, 1912); *Tegethoff Amor und Psyche 87ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. 1 282 s.v. “Alp”; Laistner Rдtsel I 41ff., II 1ff.; Wehrhan 62; Hdwb. d. March. s.v. “Alp”; *Meyer Germanen 129ff.; Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 322; *Fb “mare” II 551f.; *Kittredge Witchcraft 218, 525f. nn. 54--62.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 288ff., De la Saussaye 293f., *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 241ff., (1928) 154ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 88 Nos. 748--770; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 63 No. 171; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 60; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 127 No. 60; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer III 131 n. 3.

F471.1.1. F471.1.1. Actions of nightmares (alps). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3690.

F471.1.1.1. F471.1.1.1. Alp rides horse sweaty at night. *Fb “mare” II 551b, 552a; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 60; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 127 No. 60; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3683f.

F471.1.1.2. F471.1.1.2. Alps dance. *Fb “danse” IV 93a.

F471.1.2. F471.1.2. Protection against the nightmare (alp). *Fb “mare” II 551.

F471.1.2.1. F471.1.2.1. Exorcising the nightmare. Meyer Germanen 132.

F471.1.2.2. F471.1.2.2. Destruction of an alp. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 11.

F471.1.3. F471.1.3. Unbaptized children as nightmares. When caught, they beg baptism. Usually they are murdered illegitimates. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3685.

F471.1.4. F471.1.4. Ghost of hunter as nightmare. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3686.

F471.1.5. F471.1.5. Persons who at night become nightmares. Those who are born on a Thursday and christened on a Sunday must at certain times (on Thursdays) press somebody or something. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3687; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 67 No. 183.

F471.2. F471.2. Incubus. A male demon who comes in sleep and has sexual intercourse with a woman. *Kittredge Witchcraft 116, 444ff. nn. 103--155 passim; *Loomis White Magic 77; Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: ibid.; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 59; Germanic: De la Saussaye 293f.; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 126 No. 59; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3682; S. A. Indian (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 328; Africa (Fang): Einstein 175.

F471.2.0.1. F471.2.0.1. Demon lover. Irish myth: *Cross.

F471.2.1. F471.2.1. Succubus: female incubus. *Loomis White Magic 77; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *369, *423f., 3681; Armenian: Ananikian 87; West Indies: Flowers 433.

F472. F472. Huckauf. A goblin which jumps on one‘s back. *Kittredge Witchcraft 220f., 528f. nn. 78--79; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 68 No. 291; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3425, Legends Nos. 827--832.

F473. F473. Poltergeist. Invisible spirit (sometimes identified as ghost or witch) responsible for all sorts of mischief in or around a household.

F473.1. F473.1. Poltergeist throws objects. England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F473.2. F473.2. Poltergeist causes objects to behave contrary to their nature.

F473.2.1. F473.2.1. Chair is rocked by invisible spirit. (Cf. D1601.28.) U.S.: Baughman, (North Carolina): Brown Collection I 640.

F473.2.2. F473.2.2. Spirit hides articles in strange places. Canada, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F473.2.3. F473.2.3. Spirit puts out lights. U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F473.2.4. F473.2.4. House burns for no apparent reason. U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F473.3. F473.3. Poltergeist mistreats people. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F473.4. F473.4. Poltergeist mistreats animals. U.S.: *Baughman.

F473.4.1. F473.4.1. Spirit rides horses and mules at night, wears them out. (Cf. F366.2, F471.1.1.1, G265.3.) U.S.: Baughman.

F473.5. F473.5. Poltergeist makes noises. England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

F473.6. F473.6. Miscellaneous actions of poltergeist.

F473.6.1. F473.6.1. Spirit tears new paper off rooms in house. England: Baughman.

F473.6.2. F473.6.2. Spirit slashes clothing. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

F473.6.3. F473.6.3. Spirit takes food from table or cupboard. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F473.6.4. F473.6.4. Spirit eats food. U.S.: Baughman.

F473.6.5. F473.6.5. Spirit throws back shots fired at it. (Cf. G265.8.3.1.2.) U.S.: Baughman.

F473.6.6. F473.6.6. Spirit makes wheels come off wagon. U.S.: Baughman.

F473.6.7. F473.6.7. Spirit shoves wagon into ditch. U.S.: Baughman.

F473.6.8. F473.6.8. Spirit plays man’s fiddle at night. Wales: Baughman.

F473.6.9. F473.6.9. Spirit disturbs coffins in burial vault. England: *Baughman.

F475. F475. Friendly night-spirits.

F475.1. F475.1. Dame Berchta. Supposed to travel over the country at night with a troop. (Named from Bertha, the mother of Charlemagne.) Also called Frau Holle. *Meyer Germanen 23ff.; *Wehrhan 85f.; Slovenian: *L. Kretzenbacher Germanische Mythen in der epischen Volksdichtung der Slowenen (Graz, 1941) 84--94.

F480. F480. House-spirits. *Kittredge Witchcraft 215f., 523f.; Meyer Germanen 213ff.; Meyer Altgermanische 109.--Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 159ff.; *Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 30ff. Nos. 263--374 passim, 42 Nos. 337, 339; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 153; Slovenian: *L. Kretzenbacher Germanische Mythen in der epischen Volksdichtung der Slowenen (Graz, 1941) 49--79; Eskimo: Boas BAM XV 331, RBAE VI 636.

F480.1. F480.1. House-spirit in form of a sow. Kittredge Witchcraft 216, 524 n.

F480.2. F480.2. Serpent as house-spirit. Armenian: Ananikian 73ff.

F480.3. F480.3. Thieving household-spirit. Steals things for its master. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 172; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3468, 3472.

F480.3.1. F480.3.1. House to make household-spirit (cobold) surrender his booty. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3476.

F480.4. F480.4. House-spirit in form of baby. India: Thompson-Balys.

F480.5. F480.5. House-spirit without bones or hair. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 636.

F481. F481. Cobold. A house-spirit. **Feilberg Der Kobold in nordischer Ьberlieferung (Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 1, 130, 264); *Kittredge Witchcraft 215f., 523f. nn. 23, 25.--Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 41ff., (1928) 29ff.; Estonian: L. v. Schroeder Germanische Elben und Gцtter beim Estenvolke (Wien 1906), Loorits Grundzьge I 266--281, 295--304.

F481.0.1. F481.0.1. Acquiring a cobold. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3466.

F481.0.1.1. F481.0.1.1. Cobold hatched out from a seven-year-old cock’s egg or a boar‘s testicle. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3461; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 213 I*.

F481.0.1.2. F481.0.1.2. Cobold purchased. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3462f.; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 62 No. 159.

F481.0.1.2.1. F481.0.1.2.1. The purchased cobold discarded. On way home man believes himself cheated, and throws box with fly or piece of charcoal away. Later passing same place he finds a heap of corn or money. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3463; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 125 No. 55.

F481.0.1.3. F481.0.1.3. Cobold acquired by placing food for him in a certain place. He likes scrambled eggs. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3466.

F481.0.1.4. F481.0.1.4. Cobold accidently acquired. A rope or chicken is found and taken home. Found to be a cobold. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3464.

F481.1. F481.1. Cobold avenges uncivil answer (or treatment). Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 43 Nos. 53, 54; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3477; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 124f. Nos. 53, 54.

F481.2. F481.2. Cobolds furnish supplies to their masters. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 43 No. 54; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 125 No. 55; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3471.

F481.2.1. F481.2.1. Cobold furnishes inexhaustible grain to grinder of handmill. Latter kills him in disgust. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3478.

F481.2.2. F481.2.2. House-spirit furnishes inexhaustible supply of food. India: Thompson-Balys.

F481.3. F481.3. Impossible to rid oneself of cobold. (Cf. F482.3.1.) *Taylor MPh XV 736 n. 2; *BP II 422 n. 1; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3467.

F481.4. F481.4. Brewing in eggshell to drive away cobold. (Cf. F321.1.1.1, F451.5.17.1.) *BP 368; Keightley 126, 418, 436, 473; Germania V 376; Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 314--24 Nos. 1049--1075; Jahn 72 No. 87; Euphorion III 784; Zs. f. Vksk. XVI 414; Zs. f. deutsche Mythol. I (1853) 290.

F482. F482. Brownie (nisse). **Feilberg Nissens Historie; *Fb “nisse” II 688; Norwegian: *Solheim Register 19; *Hartmann 28.

F482.1. F482.1. Appearance of brownie.

F482.1.1. F482.1.1. Brownie with red hair. *Fb “nisse” II 688a.

F482.2. F482.2. Clothing of brownie. Scandinavian: Hartmann 28.

F482.2.1. F482.2.1. Brownie dressed in green. Fb “nisse” II 688a.

F482.3. F482.3. Home of brownies.

F482.3.1. F482.3.1. Brownies live in house. Move when persons move. (Cf. F481.3.) Fb “nisse” II 688b.

F482.3.1.1. F482.3.1.1. Farmer is so bothered by brownie that he decides he must move to get rid of the annoyance. He piles all furniture on wagon and starts for new home, meets acquaintance who remarks: “I see you‘re flitting.” Brownie sticks his head out of the churn on top of the load, answers: “Yes, we’re flitting.” Farmer goes back to former home. England, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman.

F482.3.2. F482.3.2. Brownies live in knoll. *Fb “hшj” I 740a.

F482.3.3. F482.3.3. Nisser belong to particular farm. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F482.4. F482.4. Possessions of brownies.

F482.4.1. F482.4.1. Various-colored horses of brownie. *Fb “hest” I 598.

F482.4.2. F482.4.2. Nisser have oxen. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F482.5. F482.5. Deeds of brownies.

F482.5.1. F482.5.1. Brownies dance. (Cf. F471.1.1.2. and cross-references there given.) *Fb “danse” IV 93a.

F482.5.2. F482.5.2. Brownies sew by moonlight. Fb “mеne” II 659b.

F482.5.3. F482.5.3. Brownies tease. Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 80ff., (1928) 61ff.

F482.5.4. F482.5.4. Helpful deeds of brownie or other household spirit. (Cf. F403.2.) England, Scotland: *Baughman.

F482.5.4.1. F482.5.4.1. Brownie rides for midwife when needed. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

F482.5.4.2. F482.5.4.2. Brownie restores stolen property, gives thief a twitch in eyelid. England: Baughman.

F482.5.5. F482.5.5. Malicious or troublesome actions of brownies. England, Scotland, Wales: *Baughman.

F482.6. F482.6. Origin of household spirits. England: *Baughman.

F482.7. F482.7. House spirits fight each other. Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F482.8. F482.8. House spirit as suitor. (Cf. F301.) Norwegian: Solheim Register 19.

F485. F485. Ship-spirit. (Klabautermann, Kabonterken.) Similar to house-spirit. Meyer Altgermanische 110; Zs. f. Vksk. II 409, 416, IV 299f., VIII 14 n. 4, 277, XXI 178, XXIX 68; Anglia Beiblatt VI 144, XVII 73; Frischbier Am Urquell I 134; Mitteilungen d. Schles. Ges. f. Vksk. Heft XII 76; Basset Legends and Superstitions of the Sea (New York, 1885).--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 32 No. 273, 35 Nos. 295--296, 37, 41; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 44ff., (1928) 32ff.

F488. F488. The stupid house spirit.

F488.1. F488.1. Household spirit herds sheep, has great trouble coralling the lambs (rabbits). (Cf. J1757.) England: *Baughman.

F488.2. F488.2. Mowing contest with household spirit. Farmer puts harrow teeth in plot spirit is to mow. Spirit mows through them, thinking they are dock weeds. Type 1090 (K42.2). England: Baughman.

F490. F490. Other spirits and demons.

F491. F491. Will-o’-the-Wisp. (Jack o‘ Lantern.) Light seen over marshy places. Kittredge Witchcraft 215, 523 n. 22; *Fb “lygtemand” II 473; Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 51 No. 438; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 63f.; India: Thompson-Balys; U.S. (Georgia): Harris Nights No. 28; Africa (Fang): Einstein 96.

F491.1. F491.1. Will-o’-the-Wisp leads people astray. *Fb “lygtemand” II 473b; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman.

F491.2. F491.2. Will-o‘-the-Wisp lights people to their homes. *Fb “lygtemand” II 473b.--England: Baughman.

F491.3. F491.3. Will-o’-the-Wisp exorcised. *Fb “lygtemand” II 473b; England, U.S.: Baughman.

F491.3.1. F491.3.1. Person led astray by Will-o‘-the-Wisp turns garment inside out. Will-o’-the-Wisp exorcised. (Cf. F369.7, F385.1.) England: *Baughman.

F491.3.2. F491.3.2. Power of Will-o‘-the-Wisp over person neutralized if person sticks his knife into the ground. England: *Baughman.

F491.3.3. F491.3.3. Steel protects person from Will-o’-the-Wisp. U.S.: Baughman.

F491.4. F491.4. Will-o‘-the-Wisp hops about. *Fb “lygtemand” II 473b.

F491.5. F491.5. Will-o’-the-Wisp‘s revenge. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3538.

F492. F492. Death on horseback. Fb “hvid” I 700b; von Negelein Zs. f. Vks. XIII 257ff., 368ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mort”. Cf. the “four horsemen” in Revelation.

F493. F493. Spirit of plague. Irish myth: *Cross; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 67f. Nos. 251--283; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Yukon): Alexander N. A. Myth. 78.

F493.0.1. F493.0.1. Pestilence in animal form. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 28 Nos. 244--245.

F493.0.1.1. F493.0.1.1. Plague as monster. Irish myth: Cross.

F493.0.1.2. F493.0.1.2. Spirit enters princess’ body and she falls ill. India: Thompson-Balys.

F493.0.2. F493.0.2. Pestilence in human form. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 28f. Nos. 246--252; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3494.

F493.0.3. F493.0.3. Pestilence in form of object. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 29 No. 254.

F493.0.3.1. F493.0.3.1. Pestilence in form of a head. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 29 No. 253.

F493.0.4. F493.0.4. Pestilence in visible form. Irish myth: *Cross.

F493.1. F493.1. Spirits of various kinds of disease. India: Thompson-Balys.

F493.1.1. F493.1.1. Demon of Consumption. N. A. Indian (Cherokee): Terrell JAFL V 125.

F493.1.2. F493.1.2. Demon of colic. Irish myth: Cross (F497).

F493.2. F493.2. Experiences with pestilence spirit.

F493.2.1. F493.2.1. Person who speaks with pestilence dies. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 29 No. 256.

F493.2.2. F493.2.2. Two pestilence spirits speak together. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 29 No. 255.

F493.3. F493.3. Protection against pestilence spirit.

F493.3.1. F493.3.1. Upon destruction of pestilence-spirit, plague ceases. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 29 No. 259.

F493.3.2. F493.3.2. Pestilence-spirit “bound” by magic. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 29 No. 258.

F493.3.3. F493.3.3. Magic protection against pestilence-spirit. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 29 No. 257.

F493.4. F493.4. Demons spread pestilence by means of “heat and fury”. Irish myth: Cross.

F493.5. F493.5. Sign of great plague: sky seems afire. Irish myth: Cross.

F494. F494. Land-spirits.

F494.1. F494.1. Guardian spirit of land. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 228, Herrmann Saxo II 22ff., *Boberg; Danish: Ellekilde Ellekongen i Stevns, Danske Studier 1929, 10ff.

F494.1.1. F494.1.1. Swamp spirit guards buried treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

F494.2. F494.2. Spirit of boundaries. Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 173.

F494.3. F494.3. Earth spirit. India: Thompson-Balys.

F495. F495. Stone-spirit. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 II 205; India: Thompson-Balys.

F496. F496. Demon of gluttony. Irish myth: *Cross.

F496.1. F496.1. Saint possessed by demon of gluttony. Irish myth: *Cross.

F497. F497. Fire-spirits. Dutch: *Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 64ff Nos. 191--220; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 111, III 64, 88, 176--178.

F497.1. F497.1. Conversation of two fire-spirits. Shall house be burned? *O. Loortis Das misshandelte und sich rдchend Feuer (Tartu, 1935).

F499. F499. Sundry other spirits.

F499.1. F499.1. Sky-spirit. German: Grimm No. 166; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff BBAE CXLIII (3) 880.

F499.1.1. F499.1.1. Spirit of light. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 62.

F499.2. F499.2. Nymphs of Paradise (houris). India: Thompson-Balys.

F499.3. F499.3. Jinns.

F499.3.1. F499.3.1. Jinns have no bones in their arms: they have only four fingers and no thumbs. India: Thompson-Balys.

F499.3.2. F499.3.2. Jinns entitled to share in fruits of the earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F499.3.3. F499.3.3. Jinns frequent graveyards, ruined houses, or an altar of sacrifice. India: Thompson-Balys.

F500--F599.

F500--F599. Remarkable persons.

F500. F500. Remarkable persons. Extraordinary size, form, appearance, or habits. **DeCock Volkssage 99ff.; Chinese: Werner 386.

F501. F501. Person consisting only of head. (Cf. F511.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F510. F510. Monstrous persons. *Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 175; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 464, 469.

F510.1. F510.1. Monstrous races. India: Thompson-Balys.

F511. F511. Person unusual as to his head. (Cf. F501.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F511.0.1. F511.0.1. Headless person. (Cf. F401.4, F531.1.2.1.) *Chauvin VII 77 No. 121; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F511.0.1.1. F511.0.1.1. Headless person with eyes (eye) and mouth on breast. *Chauvin VII 87 No. 373 bis n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg. Chinese: Werner 387.

F511.0.1.2. F511.0.1.2. Headless persons cannot smell or hear. Chinese: Werner 387.

F511.0.2. F511.0.2. Person with more than one head.

F511.0.2.1. F511.0.2.1. Two-headed person. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman N. A. Indian (Quinault): Farrand JE II 124 No. 14.

F511.0.2.2. F511.0.2.2. Three-headed person. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F511.0.2.2.1. F511.0.2.2.1. Three-headed woman. Irish myth: *Cross.

F511.0.2.3. F511.0.2.3. Four-headed person. Irish myth: *Cross.

F511.0.2.4. F511.0.2.4. Six-headed man. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F511.0.3. F511.0.3. Persons whose heads are stone-hammers. Koryak and American Indian: *Jochelson JE VI 375.

F511.0.3.1. F511.0.3.1. Person with iron head. Jewish: Neuman.

F511.0.4. F511.0.4. Man carries his head under his arm. Loomis White Magic 54, 93, 125; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda (F1041.14); Africa (Kaffir): Theal 51.

F511.0.4.1. F511.0.4.1. Man cuts off own head and throws it against enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

F511.0.5. F511.0.5. Man with half a head. Irish myth: *Cross.

F511.0.6. F511.0.6. Beheaded man’s head replaced crooked. Irish myth: *Cross.

F511.0.7. F511.0.7. Man with venomous worm in his head. Irish myth: Cross.

F511.0.8. F511.0.8. Gigantic skull of ancient king discovered. Irish myth: Cross.

F511.0.9. F511.0.9. Person with animal‘s head. (Cf. F511.1.3, F526.)

F511.0.9.1. F511.0.9.1. Person with horse’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

F511.0.9.2. F511.0.9.2. Person with calf‘s head. Jewish: Neuman.

F511.0.9.3. F511.0.9.3. Person with serpent’s head. Jewish: Neuman.

F511.1. F511.1. Person unusual as to his face.

F511.1.0.1. F511.1.0.1. Person without features (with flat face). Irish myth: *Cross.

F511.1.1. F511.1.1. Two-faced person. Janus. Roman: Fox 297; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 327F*; N. A. Indian (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II 151ff., (Ponka): Dorsey Contr. to N. Am. Ethnology VI 207; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 85.

F511.1.2. F511.1.2. Three-faced person. Irish myth: Cross.

F511.1.3. F511.1.3. Person with animal face. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F511.1.3.1. F511.1.3.1. Person with face of ape. Jewish: Neuman.

F511.1.4. F511.1.4. Person with green face. Jewish: Neuman.

F511.2. F511.2. Person unusual as to his ears. (Cf. F542.)

F511.2.1. F511.2.1. Person with ears on breast. Persian: Carnoy 298.

F511.2.2. F511.2.2. Person with ass‘s (horse’s) ears. Midas. Kцhler-Bolte I 383 n. 1, 511, 587; RTP I 327, VII 356; *Zs. d. deutschen morgenlдnd. Gesel. XL 549; Crooke FL XXII 183; *BP IV 147 n. 7 (Celtic); *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 397; Huet 45; Penzer III 188 n., VII n. 1, VI 26 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross, *Porter Proc. Royal Irish Academy (1932) 142.

F511.2.2.1. F511.2.2.1. Person with cat’s ears. Irish myth: *Cross.

F511.2.3. F511.2.3. Person with many ears. Irish myth: Cross.

F511.2.4. F511.2.4. Person without ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

F511.3. F511.3. Person with horns. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F511.3.1. F511.3.1. Person with horns of silver. Irish myth: *Cross.

F512. F512. Person unusual as to his eyes. (Cf. F531.1.1, F541.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F512.1. F512.1. Person with one eye. *Type 511; Herbert III 238; Oesterley No. 175; Laistner Rдtsel II 48ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 206 No. 154.

F512.1.1. F512.1.1. Person with one eye in center of forehead. (Cf. F441.4.1, F531.1.1.1.) *Krappe Balor 5 n. 19, 9 nn. 33--35; Fb “menneske” II 577b, “цje” III 1165b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 4 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 389.

F512.1.2. F512.1.2. Three women have but one eye among them. Pass it around. (Cf. F513.1.1.) *Fb “цje” III 1166a; Greek: Fox 33, *Frazer Apollodorus I 155 n. 4.

F512.1.3. F512.1.3. Person with one eye in back of head. Krappe Balor 7 n. 22.

F512.1.4. F512.1.4. Doorkeeper with one human eye, one cat’s eye. Irish myth: Cross.

F512.2. F512.2. Person with many eyes.

F512.2.1. F512.2.1. Persons (animals) with four (six) eyes. *Chauvin VII 82 No. 373bis; Krappe Balor 19 n. 69.

F512.2.1.1. F512.2.1.1. Three-eyed person. *Type 511; Cosquin Contes Indiens 520; Jacob‘s list s.v. “Three-eyed stepsister”; India: Thompson-Balys.

F512.2.1.2. F512.2.1.2. Eight-eyed person. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 233; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/15).

F512.2.1.3. F512.2.1.3. Person with twelve eyes. Irish myth: Cross.

F512.2.2. F512.2.2. Argos. Has eyes all over body. Krappe Balor 19 n. 69; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 130 n. 3, Fox 29, 193.

F512.3. F512.3. Person with eyes in stomach. (Cf. F511.0.1.1.) *De Cock Volkssage 102ff.; *Chauvin VI 66 No. 233; Persian: Carnoy 298.

F512.4. F512.4. Person with eyes in back of head. Krappe Balor 19 n. 69; S. A. Indian (Fuegian): Alexander Lat. Am. 340, (Yuracare): ibid. 314.

F512.5. F512.5. Person without eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F513. F513. Person unusual as to his mouth. (Cf. F544.)

F513.0.1. F513.0.1. Person with mouth in stomach. (Cf. F511.0.1.1.) *Chauvin VII 87 No. 373bis n. 2.

F513.0.2. F513.0.2. Person with mouths all over body. Africa (Hausa): Tremearne Hausa Superstitions (London, 1913) 424ff. No. 93.

F513.0.3. F513.0.3. Mouthless people. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 78.

F513.0.4. F513.0.4. Person with mouth in breast. Irish myth: *Cross.

F513.1. F513.1. Person unusual as to his teeth. (Cf. F544.3, F531.1.6.2.)

F513.1.1. F513.1.1. Three women have but one tooth among them. Pass it around. (Cf. F512.1.2.) *Fb “шje” III 1166a; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 155 n. 4, Fox 33.

F513.1.2. F513.1.2. Person with many teeth.

F513.1.2.1. F513.1.2.1. Person with three rows of teeth. Irish myth: *Cross.

F513.1.3. F513.1.3. Person with poisonous tooth. Poison dissolves flesh. Irish myth: Cross.

F513.1.4. F513.1.4. Person without teeth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F513.2. F513.2. Person without tongue. India: Thompson-Balys.

F513.3. F513.3. People who leave lower jaws at home when they go to market to prevent quarrels. Africa: Weeks 126ff.

F514. F514. Person unusual as to his nose. (Cf. F531.1.6.6, F543).

F514.1. F514.1. Noseless person. Herbert III 238; Oesterley No. 175; Tobler 63; Jewish: Neuman.

F514.2. F514.2. Men with birds’ beaks. DeCock Volkssage 105; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 599, Boberg.

F514.3. F514.3. Person with cat‘s snout. (Cf. F511.2.2.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F514.4. F514.4. Person with crook(s) on end of the nose. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F514.5. F514.5. Person grows a second nose. German: Grimm No. 201.

F515. F515. Person unusual as to his hands. (Cf. F552.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F515.0.1. F515.0.1. Person without hands. Siuts 218.

F515.0.2. F515.0.2. Persons with many hands.

F515.0.2.1. F515.0.2.1. Hundred-handed giants. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 3 n. 2.

F515.1. F515.1. Person with unusual fingers.

F515.1.1. F515.1.1. Person‘s fingers not separated from one another. Jewish: Neuman.

F515.2. F515.2. Person with unusual fingernails.

F515.2.1. F515.2.1. Fingernail that can conceal basin-load of food. India: Thompson-Balys.

F515.2.2. F515.2.2. Person with very long fingernails. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 170.

F515.3. F515.3. Men with tails on their hands. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 79.

F515.4. F515.4. Boy with seal flippers. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 20.

F515.5. F515.5. Tribe of left-handed people. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 99.

F516. F516. Person unusual as to his arms. Irish myth: *Cross.

F516.1. F516.1. Armless people. Chinese: Werner 388.

F516.1.1. F516.1.1. Armless people have legs growing from their shoulders. Use toes in place of fingers. Chinese: Werner 388.

F516.2. F516.2. People with many arms. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F516.2.1. F516.2.1. Six-armed earthborn men. Greek: Fox 110.

F516.2.2. F516.2.2. People with four arms. Jewish: Neuman.

F516.2.3. F516.2.3. Man with a thousand arms. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 39.

F516.3. F516.3. Long-armed people. Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Werner 388f.

F516.4. F516.4. Man with elastic reach. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 263.

F517. F517. Person unusual as to his legs. Irish myth: Cross.

F517.0.1. F517.0.1. Person with one leg. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Persian: Carnoy 298.

F517.0.2. F517.0.2. Long-legged people. Chinese: Werner 388f.

F517.0.2.1. F517.0.2.1. Man with legs so long he can steady boat as he stands in ocean. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 354.

F517.1. F517.1. Person unusual as to his feet. (Cf. F551.)

F517.1.1. F517.1.1. Person without feet. (Cf. F167.7.) Siuts 218.

F517.1.1.1. F517.1.1.1. Person with one foot. Irish myth: *Cross.

F517.1.2. F517.1.2. Person with many feet.

F517.1.2.1. F517.1.2.1. Four-footed man. Sikes FL XX 421.--India: Thompson-Balys.

F517.1.3. F517.1.3. Men with sponge-feet. *Chauvin VII 24 No. 373E n. 1.

F517.1.4. F517.1.4. Person with claws on the feet. Icelandic: Boberg.

F517.1.5. F517.1.5. Person with knees backwards. Irish myth: *Cross.

F517.1.5.1. F517.1.5.1. Men whose feet turn backward so that they will not stub toes. Africa: Weeks Jungle 126ff.

F517.1.6. F517.1.6. Person with horse’s hoofs. India: Thompson-Balys.

F517.1.7. F517.1.7. Person with feet like elephant‘s. India: Thompson-Balys.

F517.1.8. F517.1.8. Soles of man’s feet covered with hair. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 789.

F518. F518. Persons with tails. Chauvin V 7 No. 3.--Persian: Carnoy 298.

F521. F521. Person with unusual covering. India: Thompson-Balys.

F521.1. F521.1. Man covered with hair like animal. *Williams 17ff.; Gaster Oldest Stories 43; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 189; India: Thompson-Balys; Persian: Carnoy 298.

F521.1.1. F521.1.1. Woman with animal hair. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 189 No. 130; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 213.

F521.2. F521.2. Feathered people. Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Werner 390; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1353, z-G 13/380); Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 109.

F521.3. F521.3. Men of metal.

F521.3.1. F521.3.1. Man of bronze. (Talos). Has single vein from neck to ankle and bronze nail at end of vein. This is the only vulnerable spot. Frazer Apollodorus I 118 n. 1.

F521.3.2. F521.3.2. Man of iron. India: Thompson-Balys.

F521.3.3. F521.3.3. Person with body of gold. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 214, 468, 742, 761, 1293; India: Thompson-Balys.

F521.3.3.1. F521.3.3.1. Girl’s body-dirt is golden. India: Thompson-Balys.

F521.3.3.2. F521.3.3.2. Person with golden anus. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq II 83 No. 24.

F521.3.4. F521.3.4. Person with body of silver.

F521.3.4.1. F521.3.4.1. Silver king with silver attendants. Is on a silver horse accompanied by silver cock, bird, and dog. Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 96.

F522. F522. Person with wings. Greek: Grote I 216; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 390; Persian: Carnoy 298.

F522.1. F522.1. Person with wings on feet (head). Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 106 n. 1.

F523. F523. Two persons with bodies joined. Siamese twins. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 248 n. 2.

F524. F524. Person with several bodies.

F524.1. F524.1. Person with three bodies. Body of three men grown together in one at waist but parted in three from flanks and thighs. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 211 n. 2, Fox 86 (Geryoneus).

F525. F525. Person with half a body. As if body has been split in two. *DeCock Volkssage 99ff.; Votiak, Ostiak: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 181f.; Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 166; Dixon 216; Chinese: Werner 389; Marquesas: Handy 137; N. A. Indian: Hatt Asiatic Influences 87ff., *Thompson Tales 357 n. 287d; Africa: Werner 244, (Basuto): Jacottet 160 No. 23, (Zulu): Callaway 202, (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 187, 190.

F525.1. F525.1. One-sided man. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 13, III 75, Rink 237, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 171.

F525.1.1. F525.1.1. Man with one side of stone (iron). Fb “jжrn” IV 249b; Hawaii: Dixon 89 (stone); Africa (Kaffir): Theal 129 (iron).

F525.2. F525.2. Man splits into two parts. Chauvin VII 40 No. 153 n. 1; Tonga: Gifford 32.

F525.3. F525.3. Tribe of one-eyed, one-footed, one-handed men. Irish myth: Cross.

F525.3.1. F525.3.1. Person with one foot (one hand, and one eye). Irish myth: *Cross.

F525.4. F525.4. Person (Antichrist) with flat body. Irish myth: Cross.

F525.5. F525.5. Giant with limbs and organs only on his left side. India: Thompson-Balys.

F525.6. F525.6. Person without back. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 49 (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 179, 181.

F526. F526. Person with compound body.

F526.1. F526.1. Typhon. Human down to thighs; coil of vipers below. Dragon heads from his hands. Bigger than mountains. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 47 n. 4.

F526.2. F526.2. Scylla. Breast and face of woman. From flanks has six heads and twelve feet of dogs. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 293 n. 4.

F526.3. F526.3. Gorgon. Head turned about, scales of dragon, tusks of swine brazen hands, golden wings. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 153 n. 3.

F526.4. F526.4. Beast-like anchorite. Walks on all fours; covered with hair like beast; has horns like beast. (Cf. F521.1.) Williams 17ff., 25.

F526.5. F526.5. Men with two faces, three legs, and seven arms (or other such combinations). Hindu: Keith 41f.

F526.6. F526.6. Cecrops. Body compounded of man and serpent. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 76 n. 3.

F527. F527. Person of unusual color.

F527.1. F527.1. Red person. Africa (Fang): Einstein 179.

F527.1.1. F527.1.1. Red knight. Types 300, 303; *Ranke FFC CXIV 236; Fb “Ridder Rod”; Hartland Perseus III 207ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 73 (Sir Percyvelle of Galles); Icelandic: *Boberg.

F527.2. F527.2. Green knight. *Kittredge Gawain passim; BP II 262f.; Dickson 180ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

F527.3. F527.3. Blue man. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 547.

F527.4. F527.4. Brown man with white back. Irish myth: Cross.

F527.5. F527.5. Black man. (Cf. F548.1, F573.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F527.6. F527.6. Half red and half blue strong man. Icelandic: Hбlfdanar saga Br. 561, Boberg.

F529. F529. Other monstrous persons.

F529.1. F529.1. Persons with punctured bodies. May be carried on a pole put through the orifice; may be hung up on a peg. Chinese: Werner 390.

F529.2. F529.2. People without anuses. India: Thompson-Balys.

F529.2.1. F529.2.1. People without anuses make them by sitting on pegs. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 364; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 79, 204, Holm 89, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 171, 538, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 89.

F529.3. F529.3. Man with grass growing from his joints. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 488.

F529.4. F529.4. Person has small animal within his body. Irish myth: Cross.

F529.5. F529.5. Person with transparent body. Irish myth: Cross.

F529.6. F529.6. Person with enormous belly. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 155.

F529.7. F529.7. Boneless person. Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

F529.7.1. F529.7.1. Person without joints. Irish myth: Cross.

F529.8. F529.8. Monkey-like little people. India: Thompson-Balys.

F530. F530. Exceptionally large or small men. Krappe Neuphilologische Mitteilungen XXIV 1--10.

F531. F531. Giant.1 A person of enormous size. (For giants who are primarily ogres see G100 and G400--G599.) *BP III 375; *Fb “kjжmpe” II 149, “Langben Rise” II 377b; Lorenz Das Titan-Motiv in der allgemeinen Mythologie (Imago II 1913] 22--72); Weinhold Die Riesen des germanischen Mythus (Sitzungsberichte d. kais. Akad. d. Wiss. XXVI [1858] 225--306); Laistner Nebelsagen (Stuttgart, 1860); Schoning Dцdsriger i Nordisk Hedentro (Kшbenhavn, 1903); **Von Sydow Jдtterna i Mytologi och Folktro (F och F [1919] 52--96); Ahrendt Die Riese in der mittelhochdeutschen Epik (Rostock, 1923); **F. Wolgemuth Riesen u. Zwerge in den altfranzцsischen erzдhlenden Dichtung (Tьbingen, 1906); **V. Hцttges Typenverzeichnis der deutschen Riesen; und riesischen Teufelssagen FFC CXXII (Helsinki, 1937); Tegethoff Schweiz. Archiv f. Vksk. XXIV (1922) 137ff.; Borgese Giganti e Serpenti (Archivio per lo studio delle Tradizioni popolari XX 507ff., XXI 90ff., 161ff.); *Handwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 1120--1138.--Irish myth: *Cross; U.S. (lumbermen): *Folk-Say I 62 (bibliography of “Paul Bunyan” stories); Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 66 Nos. 565--592; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 465--490; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3720; Germanic: Meyer Germanen 226ff.; French: Sйbillot France IV 455 s.v. “Gйants”, >>Gargantua“, Sйbillot **Gargantua dans les Traditions Populaires; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 32f.; Jewish: *Neuman Arabian: Burton Nights I 65n., V 316, VI 24n., 84, 265n., 268ff., VII 84n.; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 47, 430, Holm 7, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 656, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 167; N. A. Indian (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXIV 346ff. Nos. 69, 70, 73, (Kaska): Teit JAFL XXX 446 No. 7, (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 92f.

F531.0.1. F531.0.1. Biblical worthy as giant. Jewish: *Neuman.

F531.0.2. F531.0.2. Giant as Creator’s servant. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.0.3. F531.0.3. Generation of men at the Deluge gigantic. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.0.4. F531.0.4. Giant woman. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.1. F531.1. Appearance of giant. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.0.1. F531.1.0.1. Beauty of giant. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.1.0.1.1. F531.1.0.1.1. Beautiful giantess. Broderius § 37; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 329, *Boberg; Swedish: Nyare Bidrag till Kдnnedom om de svenska Landsmеlen och svenskt Folklif IX 35 No. 80; Denmark: Thiele Danmarks Folkesagn X 164.

F531.1.0.2. F531.1.0.2. Hideous giant. Broderius § 37; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 360, *Boberg; Tirol: Zingerle Nos. 172, 181.

F531.1.1. F531.1.1. Eyes of giant. *Hцttges FFC CXXII 184.

F531.1.1.1. F531.1.1.1. Giant with one eye in middle of forehead. (Cf. F512.1.1.) Broderius § 37; *BP III 375; *Hцttges FFC CXXII 191; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 191; Icelandic: Boberg; Farцe: Zs. f. Vksk. II 6; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 67 No. 573; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) No. 2; Greek: Fox 6, Grote I 5, 287; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 10.

F531.1.1.1.1. F531.1.1.1.1. Giant with one eye in the neck which he covers with his lower lip. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.1.2. F531.1.1.2. Giant with large gleaming eyes. Broderius § 37; *Hцttges FFC CXXII 192; Icelandic: Boberg; Norway: Faye Norske Folke-Sagn (Christiania, 1814) 19; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) Nos. 193, 201.

F531.1.1.2.1. F531.1.1.2.1. Giant with eyes as big as cauldrons. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.1.1.2.2. F531.1.1.2.2. Giant with eyes like ponds. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.1.1.3. F531.1.1.3. Blind giant. Broderius § 37; Icelandic: *Boberg; Sweden: Runa III (1843) 41 No. 74, IV 37 No. 53; Hanover: Schambach u. Mьller Niedersдchsische Sagen (Gцttingen, 1854) No. 165.1.

F531.1.1.4. F531.1.1.4. Giant sees great distance. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.1.1.5. F531.1.1.5. Giant with many eyes.

F531.1.1.5.1. F531.1.1.5.1. Giant with eight eyes. Polynesia: Beckwith Myth 210.

F531.1.1.6. F531.1.1.6. Giantess with green eyes. Icelandic: Illuga saga Gr. 653, Boberg.

F531.1.2. F531.1.2. Head of giant. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.1.2.0.1. F531.1.2.0.1. Gigantic head. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.1.2.1. F531.1.2.1. Headless giant. (Cf. F511.0.1.) Broderius § 37; Irish myth: Cross; Hanover: Kuhn u. Schwarz Norddeutsche Sagen (Leipzig, 1848) No. 167.3; Pomerania: Rosenow 51 No. 46; N. A. Indian (Navaho): Alexander N. Am. 163.

F531.1.2.2. F531.1.2.2. Many-headed giant. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 329, MacCulloch Eddic 87, 173, Boberg.

F531.1.2.2.1. F531.1.2.2.1. Two-headed giant. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.1.2.2.2. F531.1.2.2.2. Three-headed giant. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 111 *Boberg.

F531.1.2.2.3. F531.1.2.2.3. Five-headed giant. Irish myth: Cross; English: Child II 59.

F531.1.2.2.4. F531.1.2.2.4. Six-headed giant. English: Child V 184.

F531.1.2.2.5. F531.1.2.2.5. Nine-headed giant. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 91, Boberg; Korean: Zong in-Sob 166.

F531.1.2.2.6. F531.1.2.2.6. Ten-headed giant. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 125.

F531.1.2.2.7. F531.1.2.2.7. Many-headed giant--miscellaneous. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.1.2.3. F531.1.2.3. Giant’s self-returning head. Korean: Zong in-Sob 72.

F531.1.2.4. F531.1.2.4. Giant with horse head. Tirol: Zingerle (1891) 26 No. 41.

F531.1.2.5. F531.1.2.5. Giant with stone head. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 83, 279, Boberg (Hrungnir); Oceanic: Beckwith Myth 88.

F531.1.3. F531.1.3. Feet (legs) of giant.

F531.1.3.1. F531.1.3.1. Giant with dragon-scales for feet. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 43 n. 2.

F531.1.3.2. F531.1.3.2. Giant with heels in front. (Cf. A526.8, F451.2.2.1, F517.1.5, G303.4.5.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

F531.1.3.3. F531.1.3.3. One-footed giant. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.1.3.3.1. F531.1.3.3.1. One-legged giant. Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 170.

F531.1.3.4. F531.1.3.4. Giant’s step leaves deep furrows. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.1.3.5. F531.1.3.5. Giant fleet of foot despite size. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.1.3.6. F531.1.3.6. Giant with feet so large they cannot be moved. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.1.4. F531.1.4. Lips of giant.

F531.1.4.1. F531.1.4.1. Giant with upper lip reaching heaven; lower earth. Olrik Ragnarцk 94f.; Cosquin Йtudes 537; India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.1.4.1.1. F531.1.4.1.1. Giant with lower lip reaching earth. Gaster Thespis 190.

F531.1.4.2. F531.1.4.2. Giant (giantess) with lips hanging down on the breast. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.5. F531.1.5. Breasts of giantess.

F531.1.5.1. F531.1.5.1. Giantess throws her breasts over her shoulders. Her two sons can run after her and suck. Fb ”givkone“ I 438; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V 4.

F531.1.6. F531.1.6. Other bodily characteristics of giant.

F531.1.6.1. F531.1.6.1. Giant with nails like claws. Icelandic: *Boberg; Chinese: Werner 387.

F531.1.6.1.1. F531.1.6.1.1. Giantess with iron nails. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.1.2. F531.1.6.1.2. Giant with crooked nails. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.2. F531.1.6.2. Giant with teeth like those of saw. Chinese: Werner 387.

F531.1.6.2.1. F531.1.6.2.1. Giants (giantesses) with long teeth. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.2.2. F531.1.6.2.2. Giant with very broad teeth. Chinese: Graham.

F531.1.6.3. F531.1.6.3. Giants with shaggy hair on their bodies. Broderius § 37; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 150, Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 153, Boberg; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) Nos. 180, 186, 190; Babylonian: Gilgamesch-epos I 86ff., cf. 95ff.

F531.1.6.3.1. F531.1.6.3.1. Giant (giantess) with particularly long hair. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.3.2. F531.1.6.3.2. Giant without hair. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.4. F531.1.6.4. Giant with long beard. Broderius § 37.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Swedish: Runa IV (1843) 41 No. 71; Finnish-Swedish: Landtmann Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VII 537; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) No. 193.

F531.1.6.5. F531.1.6.5. Giant with golden hair on forehead. *Fb ”guldhеr“.

F531.1.6.6. F531.1.6.6. Giant with peculiar nose. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.6.1. F531.1.6.6.1. Giant with crook on end of his nose. Icelandic: *Boberg; Herrmann Saxo II 599.

F531.1.6.7. F531.1.6.7. One-armed giant. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.1.6.7.1. F531.1.6.7.1. Three-armed giant. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.1.6.7.2. F531.1.6.7.2. Giant with six or eight arms. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 422, MacCulloch Eddic 277, *Boberg; Polynesia: Beckwith Myth 210 (eight).

F531.1.6.7.3. F531.1.6.7.3. Giantess with burned arms. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.8. F531.1.6.8. Giant‘s peculiar cheeks. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.9. F531.1.6.9. Giant rooted to ground because his nails and hair have grown into the earth on account of his great age. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.1.6.10. F531.1.6.10. Giant with unusual heart.

F531.1.6.10.1. F531.1.6.10.1. Giant with stone heart. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 279.

F531.1.6.11. F531.1.6.11. Giant (giantess) with hump. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.6.12. F531.1.6.12. Giant with one hand and one foot. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.1.6.13. F531.1.6.13. Giant’s strength in hair. (Cf. D1831, G221.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F531.1.6.14. F531.1.6.14. Giantess with a tail (many tails). Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.1.7. F531.1.7. Color of giant.

F531.1.7.1. F531.1.7.1. Green giant. *Kittredge Gawayne 195ff.

F531.1.7.2. F531.1.7.2. Black giant. BP II 253; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 588, 593, 599, MacCulloch Eddic 276, *Boberg.

F531.1.8. F531.1.8. Giant in animal form. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 279.

F531.1.8.1. F531.1.8.1. Giant as wolf. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 279f., Boberg.

F531.1.8.2. F531.1.8.2. Giant as serpent. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 279f., Boberg.

F531.1.8.3. F531.1.8.3. Giant as eagle. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 179, 276, 279, Herrmann Saxo II 599, Boberg.

F531.1.8.4. F531.1.8.4. Giantess in crow’s shape. Icelandic: Vцlsungasaga ch. 1, Boberg.

F531.1.8.5. F531.1.8.5. Giantess transforms self to fly in order to tear woman‘s stomach. Icelandic: Egils saga ok Asm. ch. XII 9f., Boberg.

F531.1.8.6. F531.1.8.6. Giant in a gam‘s shape. Icelandic: Hjбlmtиrs saga ok Цlvers 506, Egils saga Einhenda ch. I 4, II 6, XIV 4, Boberg.

F531.1.8.7. F531.1.8.7. Giant as eagle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.8.8. F531.1.8.8. Giant (giantess) as sea-mammal. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.1.9. F531.1.9. Frost-giants. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 580, MacCulloch Eddic 278f., 324, Boberg.

F531.1.10. F531.1.10. Fire giants. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592.

F531.1.11. F531.1.11. Giants and giantesses dressed as human beings. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.1.12. F531.1.12. Giant bride’s equipment. Icelandic: Thrymskvida, MacCulloch Eddic 79, *Boberg.

F531.2. F531.2. Size of giant. *Broderius § 37.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 120 ff.; MacCulloch Eddic 277, *Boberg; Norwegian: Norske Folkminnelag XIII 26; Finnish-Swedish: Landtmann Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VII 537; Swiss: Henne-Am Rhyn No. 454.

F531.2.1. F531.2.1. Extremely tall giant. (Cf. F533.) Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 736; Fiji: Beckwith Myth 210.

F531.2.1.1. F531.2.1.1. Giant fifteen feet tall with three feet between the eyes. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.2.1.2. F531.2.1.2. Giants fifty feet tall with footprints six feet long. Chinese: Werner 387.

F531.2.1.3. F531.2.1.3. Waters of Deluge reach to giant‘s ankles. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.2.1.4. F531.2.1.4. Giant extends across whole island. Head against stone in west and feet against another in east. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 150, *Cross.

F531.2.1.5. F531.2.1.5. Giant reaches to the sky. Must lean over to keep from touching. N. A. Indian: *Boas BBAE LIX 289 n. 2, (Kaska): Teit JAFL XXX 445 No. 6.

F531.2.1.6. F531.2.1.6. Giantess is twice as tall as tall man. Icelandic: Цvar-Odds saga 121.

F531.2.2. F531.2.2. Giant with three spans between brows and three yards between shoulders. English: Child I 332, II 394.

F531.2.2.1. F531.2.2.1. Giant girl’s face is an elbow length wide. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.2.2.2. F531.2.2.2. Giant‘s ears six hundred feet long. Korean: Zong in-Sob 15.

F531.2.3. F531.2.3. Giant’s skull holds a man seated. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.2.3.1. F531.2.3.1. Giant‘s skull so large fowl can pass through eye-hole. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.2.3.2. F531.2.3.2. Giant’s skull holds three hounds. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.2.4. F531.2.4. Giant‘s large footprints. (Cf. F531.2.1.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.2.5. F531.2.5. Extremely fat giant. (Cf. F532.) German: Grimm No. 134.

F531.2.5.1. F531.2.5.1. Giantess is more broad than tall. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.2.6. F531.2.6. Giant lies underground with trees growing all over his body. When his mouth is opened man falls into it and is swallowed. Finnish: Kalevala rune 17.

F531.2.7. F531.2.7. Giant so large he cannot be carried by a horse. Dickson 173 n. 33.

F531.2.8. F531.2.8. Giant can find only one horse able to carry him. Dickson 173 n. 33; Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 380f., Boberg.

F531.2.9. F531.2.9. Giant occupies space of thrice nine men. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.2.10. F531.2.10. Giant must rest on elbow while speaking to be audible to mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.2.11. F531.2.11. Demon looks like a mountain. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.2.12. F531.2.12. Man with eyes the size of brass pots, teeth like axeheads, ears like elephant’s ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.2.13. F531.2.13. Giantess so heavy that boat almost sinks. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga St. 620, Boberg.

F531.2.14. F531.2.14. Baby giants four months old ”two feet broad in the chest and twelve feet high.“ Irish myth: Cross.

F531.2.15. F531.2.15. Sack of earth in giant‘s hand looks no bigger than a pea in hand of a man. Scotland: Baughman.

F531.3. F531.3. Gargantuan feats. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.3.1. F531.3.1. Giant wades the ocean. *Krappe Йtudes 79ff.; Broderius § 21.--England: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Norwegian: Norske Folkminnelag I 65 No. 47, IX 99; German: Grimm Deutsche Sagen (Berlin, 1905) No. 319; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 31 n. 4; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 737.

F531.3.1.1. F531.3.1.1. Water enters into giant‘s boots from above. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 66 No. 571; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 62; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 128 No. 62.

F531.3.1.2. F531.3.1.2. Giant’s leg stops ship at sea. Hindu: Penzer II 72.

F531.3.1.2.1. F531.3.1.2.1. Giant holds back water of river with his foot. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.3.1.3. F531.3.1.3. Thor carries giant in basket across icy stream. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Skaldsk XVII, Boberg.

F531.3.1.4. F531.3.1.4. Giant blows to prevent approach of ship. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.3.2. F531.3.2. Giant throws a great rock. Broderius § 8; **Hцttges FFC CXXII 21ff., 196f.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 590, *Boberg; Norwegian: Norske Folkminnelag VI 142; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 61; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 47 No. 67; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 127 No. 61; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 32f.

F531.3.2.1. F531.3.2.1. Giants throw stones after churches. *Fb ”sten“ 552ab; **Hцttges FFC CXXII 31ff., 199ff.; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 27ff., (1931) 17ff., Schmidt DF XXXIX 70 ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 70 No. 598, 71 No. 604.

F531.3.2.2. F531.3.2.2. Giant slings stone with his garters (hair ribbon, etc.) Broderius § 20.--Swedish: Hofberg Svenska Folksдgner (Stockholm, 1882) 132; Danish: Thiele Danmarks Folkesagn (Kшbenhavn, 1843) I 46; Holstein: Mьllenhoff Sagen der Herzogthьmer Schleswig-Holstein u. Lauenborg (Kiel, 1921) No. 423.

F531.3.2.3. F531.3.2.3. Giants throw tools back and forth. Explains rocks, etc. Broderius § 14; England: Baughman.

F531.3.2.4. F531.3.2.4. Giant hurls mountain. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.3.3. F531.3.3. Giant astride a church-roof. Rides it like a horse. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 61**.

F531.3.4. F531.3.4. Giant eats (drinks) prodigious amount. Broderius § 23.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 86, 89, 171, 275, *Boberg; Norwegian: Norske Folkminnelag II 28, XIII 23; Swedish: Sydow Jдttarna; Westphalia: Kuhn No. 129; Swiss: Henne-Am Rhyn 2 No. 596; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) No. 217; Gaster Thespis 329; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F531.3.4.1. F531.3.4.1. Giant eats a thousand cattle. Type 701*.

F531.3.4.2. F531.3.4.2. Giant drinks up a river (lake, sea). German: Grimm No. 134; India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.3.4.3. F531.3.4.3. Giant eats whales as small fry. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 449, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 638, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 196, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 66.

F531.3.5. F531.3.5. Giant steps prodigious distance. Broderius § 21; *Hцttges FFC CXXII 165ff., 281f.--Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman; Norwegian: Norske Folkeminnelag I 61, 65, II 30, 118, IV 101, XIII 26; Finnish-Swedish: Landtmann Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VII 539, 540, 549, Wessmann 66 No. 570; Danish: Ohrt Danmarks Folkeminder XXI 22; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 474; Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 638.

F531.3.5.1. F531.3.5.1. Giant bestrides mountain. Chinese: Graham.

F531.3.5.2. F531.3.5.2. Giant‘s mighty stride spans earth’s width. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.3.5.3. F531.3.5.3. Giant stands astride river. England: Baughman.

F531.3.6. F531.3.6. Giants carry church across a stream. Broderius § 22; Westphalia: Kuhn No. 387a; Hanover: Schambach u. Mьller Nos. 165.1, 165.2.

F531.3.7. F531.3.7. Giant comes to bake too soon; spills dough. Giant who has common oven with another thinks he hears companion in next valley scraping the kneading trough. He bakes his dough but finds he is too early and that he has only heard himself scratching. He spills the dough: hence fruitful soil. (Cf. F451.7.2, F455.3.5.) Broderius § 15; *Hцttges FFC CXXII 124. Westphalia: Grдsse I 835, Zaunert Westfдlische 6.

F531.3.8. F531.3.8. Giants‘ shouts are storms or great noise. Broderius § 16.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 166; Norse; Norsk Folkekultur IX 99; Swedish: Feilberg Jul II 56; Westphalia: Zaunert Westfдlische 6, 11. Cf. Rip Van Winkle.

F531.3.8.1. F531.3.8.1. Giant’s snoring as thunder or storm. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. XLVI, MacCulloch Eddic 92, *Boberg.

F531.3.8.2. F531.3.8.2. Giant‘s snoring felt as rain. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.3.8.3. F531.3.8.3. Homecoming giant heard far away. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.3.8.4. F531.3.8.4. Giantess sings so that it gives echo in all cliffs. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.3.8.5. F531.3.8.5. Earthquake as giant falls down. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 384, Boberg.

F531.3.8.5.1. F531.3.8.5.1. Earthquake by giant’s wrestling. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.3.9. F531.3.9. Giants sit on mountains and wash feet in stream below. Broderius § 21; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 285, *Boberg; Danish: Danmarks Folkeminder No. 40 (1933) 71; Norse: Norsk Folkminnelag XIII 28; Swiss: Henne-Am Rhyn No. 611; French: Sйbillot France I 232.

F531.3.10. F531.3.10. Giants carry trees. (Cf. F631.) Irish myth: Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F531.3.11. F531.3.11. Giant swallows men. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.3.12. F531.3.12. Giant‘s hunting (fishing).

F531.3.12.1. F531.3.12.1. Giant threads an elephant on a fish-hook. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.3.12.2. F531.3.12.2. Giant fishes whales. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 233, MacCulloch Eddic 277, Snorra Edda Skalksk XLVI, Boberg; Maori: Clark 51.

F531.3.12.3. F531.3.12.3. Giantess kills monstrous bear. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 197.

F531.3.13. F531.3.13. Giant (giantess) carries prodigious burden. Icelandic: Hбlfdanar saga Br. 577, Boberg.

F531.3.13.1. F531.3.13.1. Giant carries prodigious hunting-prey (whales, bear). Danish: Grundtvig DgF No. 18; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 223, *Boberg.

F531.3.13.2. F531.3.13.2. Giant allows others to cling to him while he swims with them safely across the rivers. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.3.14. F531.3.14. Beam breaks at giant’s glance. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 221. Boberg.

F531.3.15. F531.3.15. Giants‘ awful amusements, playing with men’s lives. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.4. F531.4. Gigantic possessions of giant.

F531.4.1. F531.4.1. Giant with mill-wheel as shield. Malone PMLA XLIII 401.

F531.4.2. F531.4.2. Giant with gigantic chain as belt. Elephant can go through each link. Malone PMLA XLIII 401.

F531.4.3. F531.4.3. Knights drink from a huge nine-gallon cup. English: Wells 60 (Syre Gawene and the Earle of Carelyle).

F531.4.4. F531.4.4. Giant with club as large as wheelshaft of mill. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.4.5. F531.4.5. Giant‘s enormous weapons.

F531.4.5.1. F531.4.5.1. Giant with iron club as weapon. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.4.5.2. F531.4.5.2. Giant with iron bar as weapon. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.4.5.3. F531.4.5.3. Giant has stone club. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 282, Snorra Edda Skaldsk. XVII, Boberg.

F531.4.5.4. F531.4.5.4. Giant has stone shield. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.4.5.5. F531.4.5.5. Giant has enormous spear. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.4.6. F531.4.6. Giant wears enormous jewel. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.4.7. F531.4.7. Giant’s clothes.

F531.4.7.1. F531.4.7.1. Giants dressed in skin. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 80ff., *Boberg.

F531.4.7.1.1. F531.4.7.1.1. Giants wear skins with flesh still on. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 210.

F531.4.7.1.2. F531.4.7.1.2. Giantess in obscenely shriveled skin skirt. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.4.7.2. F531.4.7.2. Giants wear long coats with lamps under them. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 634.

F531.4.7.3. F531.4.7.3. Giantess in red dress. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.4.8. F531.4.8. Giant has stone as boat. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.4.9. F531.4.9. Giant‘s huge kettle. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 220, MacCulloch Eddic 86, *Boberg.

F531.4.10. F531.4.10. Giant’s enormous bed. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

F531.4.11. F531.4.11. Giant‘s enormous animals.

F531.4.11.1. F531.4.11.1. Giants have wolf and bears as dogs. Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 122--24, Boberg.

F531.4.11.2. F531.4.11.2. Foxes as giant’s lice. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 150.

F531.4.12. F531.4.12. Giant‘s net can hem in whole forest. Africa (Fang): Trilles 202.

F531.5. F531.5. Giants and men. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.5.1. F531.5.1. Giant friendly to man. Broderius § 24.--Irish myth: *Cross; U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 148, *Boberg; Norse: Feilberg Jul II 56; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) Nos. 40. 172, 183, 186, 199, 200, 220.

F531.5.1.1. F531.5.1.1. Giant carries man in his pocket (glove, bosom). (Cf. F531.5.3.) German: Grimm No. 193; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”gйant“; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 358 n. 287 I, (Ojibwa): Jones-Michelson PAES VII (2) 171ff.

F531.5.1.1.1. F531.5.1.1.1. Giant carries man in sack. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 39.

F531.5.1.1.2. F531.5.1.1.2. Giant carries man on his back. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 245.

F531.5.1.1.3. F531.5.1.1.3. Giant carries man on brim of his hat. German: Grimm No. 193.

F531.5.1.1.4. F531.5.1.1.4. Giant carries man under his belt. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.5.1.2. F531.5.1.2. Giants and men fraternize at Christmas. Liestшl Festskrift til Feilberg 195ff.

F531.5.2. F531.5.2. Man mistakes giant’s glove for house. *Von Sydow Danske Studier (1910) 154; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.5.3. F531.5.3. Giant‘s toy. A young giantess picks up a man plowing. Wants him as a toy. Her mother says, ”Take him back. He will drive us away.“ (Cf. F531.5.1.) **V. Hцttges Die Sage vom Riesenspielzeug (Jena, 1931); Hцttges FFC CXXII 172; Broderius § 29; Type 701*; *Fb ”kjжmpe“ II 149a; ”plove“ II 848; *Tegethoff Schweiz. Archiv f. Vksk. XXIV 139 n. 14.--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 67 No. 575; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 47 No. 73; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3712; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 73 No. 225; Flemish: Meyer FFC XXXVII No. 701*; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F531.5.4. F531.5.4. Giant thinks hammer-blow on head is a nut falling. Man strikes with all his might. *Von Sydow Danske Studier (1910) 159; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 92; N. A. Indian (Seneca): CurtinHewitt RBAE XXXII 213 No. 41; Africa (Fang): Einstein 47.

F531.5.4.1. F531.5.4.1. Giant thinks shower of stones is snowfall. Wales: Baughman.

F531.5.4.2. F531.5.4.2. Giant’s head gnawed by foxes: thinks soot is falling on him. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 150.

F531.5.5. F531.5.5. Giants repay loan with large interest. Cask of gold for ale, etc. Icelandic: Feilberg Jul II 56; Swedish: Runa IV (1843) 29, 30, 38, 45.

F531.5.6. F531.5.6. Giants‘ gifts to men.

F531.5.6.1. F531.5.6.1. Giants’ magic gifts return to original form in hands of men. (Cf. F451.5.1.4. and cross-references.) Broderius § 33; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 148; German: Jahn Nos. 29, 217.

F531.5.6.2. F531.5.6.2. Giant‘s present: magic loaf producing inexhaustible harvest. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.5.6.3. F531.5.6.3. Giant’s presents cease when source is disclosed. (Cf. F348.5.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 235.

F531.5.7. F531.5.7. Giants marry human beings. (Cf. F420.6.1, F460.4, and cross references.) Broderius § 30.--Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 135, MacCulloch Eddic 278, 175, *Boberg; Norse: Norsk Folkminnelag I 63; Swedish: Runa IV (1843) 41 No. 72.

F531.5.7.0.1. F531.5.7.0.1. Giant wooes mortal woman. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.5.7.0.2. F531.5.7.0.2. Giant demands girl, but is killed in duel about her. (Cf. F610.3.4.2.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.5.7.0.3. F531.5.7.0.3. Giantesses pursue men in order to marry them. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.5.7.1. F531.5.7.1. Mortal son of giant. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.5.7.1.1. F531.5.7.1.1. Mortal son of man and giantess. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 23, Boberg.

F531.5.7.1.2. F531.5.7.1.2. Giantess daughter of giant and abducted maiden (therefore helps hero). Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.5.8. F531.5.8. Giants and Christians.

F531.5.8.1. F531.5.8.1. Giants hostile to Christianity. Broderius § 25.

F531.5.8.2. F531.5.8.2. Giants exorcised by clergy. Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 138; West Indies: Flowers 435.

F531.5.8.3. F531.5.8.3. Giants Christianized. Broderius § 25; Irish myth: *Cross; Norwegian: Norske Sagn (Christiania, 1902) 119; German: Grimm Deutsche Sagen (1905) No. 137.

F531.5.9. F531.5.9. The giant on the ark. Noah saves a giant on the ark. Cannot enter but stays in the rigging. Noah sends him food through a hole. Dh I 283; Jewish: *Neuman.

F531.5.10. F531.5.10. Giant as servant to man. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.5.10.1. F531.5.10.1. Giant driven by girl. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.5.10.2. F531.5.10.2. Giant maidens grind gold, peace, soldiers, salt, etc., on large stone mill. BP II 438ff.; Type 565; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 140ff.; MacCulloch Eddic 282--83, Boberg.

F531.5.11. F531.5.11. Giant in contest with man. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.5.11.1. F531.5.11.1. Giant wins walking contest against man. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.5.11.2. F531.5.11.2. Footrace between giant and mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.5.12. F531.5.12. Giant insults hero by shaving his head and smearing it with cow dung. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.5.13. F531.5.13. Giants like butter more than anything else. Get trough of butter in return for help. Icelandic: Egils saga einhenda 79, Boberg.

F531.5.14. F531.5.14. Man kills giant’s baby. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 83, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 539.

F531.5.15. F531.5.15. Giants cause men to sin. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.6. F531.6. Other giant motifs.

F531.6.1. F531.6.1. Origin of giants. (Cf. F531.5.7.1.2.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 275.

F531.6.1.1. F531.6.1.1. Sons of God and Daughters of men. Before the flood angels have relations with human women: origin of giants. Dh I 294; Krappe Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni IX (1933) 157--172.

F531.6.1.2. F531.6.1.2. Giant is transformed man. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.1.3. F531.6.1.3. Giant son of black cat. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 529, Boberg.

F531.6.1.4. F531.6.1.4. Gigantic son of king and mermaid. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 73, Boberg.

F531.6.1.5. F531.6.1.5. Giants as personifications. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 580, MacCulloch Eddic 281.

F531.6.1.6. F531.6.1.6. Giant made of the venom from Elivagar. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 326, Boberg.

F531.6.1.7. F531.6.1.7. Giants as sons of Ymir or Aurgelmir. (See A642, A831.2.)

F531.6.1.8. F531.6.1.8. Giants as reincarnated animals. Korean: Zong in-Sob 64.

F531.6.1.9. F531.6.1.9. Giants as descendants of Cain. (Cf. F535.0.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

F531.6.2. F531.6.2. Haunts of giants.

F531.6.2.0.1. F531.6.2.0.1. Giants in ”Risaland“ or ”Jotunheimar“ without nearer definition. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.2.1. F531.6.2.1. Giants live in mountains or caves. Broderius § 11.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg, Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) 135; Finnish-Swedish: Wessmann 67 No. 572; Jewish: Neuman.

F531.6.2.2. F531.6.2.2. Giants live under water.

F531.6.2.2.1. F531.6.2.2.1. Giants live under sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.6.2.2.2. F531.6.2.2.2. Giant lives under lake. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.6.2.2.3. F531.6.2.2.3. Giant‘s home beneath waterfall in lake. Icelandic: *Boberg. Cf. Beowulf.

F531.6.2.3. F531.6.2.3. Giants’ live in the east. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 81, *Boberg.

F531.6.2.4. F531.6.2.4. Giants live in the utmost northwest. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.2.5. F531.6.2.5. Giants live at the world‘s end. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.2.6. F531.6.2.6. Giants in a region of darkness and cold. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 321, Herrmann Saxo II 583ff., 601.

F531.6.2.7. F531.6.2.7. Giants in wild forests. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 280.

F531.6.3. F531.6.3. Homes of giants. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 586ff., 595, MacCulloch Eddic 276, Boberg.

F531.6.3.0.1. F531.6.3.0.1. Men not to disclose giant’s home. (Cf. C420.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 231.

F531.6.3.1. F531.6.3.1. Giants live in castles (raths, duns) (ruins of which may still be seen). Broderius § 11; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 59 (The Turke and Gowin); Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 319, 282; German: Grimm Deutsche Sagen (1905) Nos. 16, 20.

F531.6.3.2. F531.6.3.2. Giant lives in fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.6.4. F531.6.4. Age of giants.

F531.6.4.1. F531.6.4.1. Giants have great age. Calculated by age of wood. Broderius § 35; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 276, Boberg; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) Nos. 173, 187, 190; Jewish: *Neuman.

F531.6.4.2. F531.6.4.2. Giants live to be eighteen thousand years old. Chinese: Werner 387.

F531.6.4.3. F531.6.4.3. Giant immortal. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.6.5. F531.6.5. Giants as magicians. Broderius § 33; *Hцttges FFC CXXII 145; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 122, 131, 148, *Boberg; German: Grimm Deutsche Sagen (1907) No. 318.4.

F531.6.5.1. F531.6.5.1. Giants can make selves invisible. (Cf. F531.6.12.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Norwegian: Norsk Folkminnelag XIII 23; Finnish-Swedish: Landtmann Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VIII 538.

F531.6.5.2. F531.6.5.2. Giants large or small at will. Broderius § 17; Icelandic: Saxo ed. Elton 26, MacCulloch Eddic 277, *Boberg; German: Henne-Am Rhyn Nos. 441, 562, 225, 365, 444.

F531.6.5.3. F531.6.5.3. Giant has wound-healing balm. Dickson 187 nn. 61--62; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 230, *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F531.6.5.4. F531.6.5.4. Giants as controllers of the elements. *Hцttges FFC CXXII 72f., 256; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 75ff., 276, *Boberg.

F531.6.6. F531.6.6. Giants as builders of great structures. Broderius § 2; Wьnsche Teufel 19; **Hцttges FFC CXXII 49ff., 218ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem); Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 49, MacCulloch Eddic 276, 278, 286, Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 25ff., (1931) 15ff. (churches); Fb ”kirke“ II 124a; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 67 No. 580, 68 No. 582, 69f. Nos. 593--97; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3714.

F531.6.6.1. F531.6.6.1. Giants by night move buildings built by men in day. Broderius § 3.--Norwegian: Norsk Folkminnelag II 28; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1892) 174ff., (1931) 127ff. (churches); Fb ”kirke“ II 124a; Finnish-Swedish: Landtman Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VII (Helsingfors 1919) 553.

F531.6.6.2. F531.6.6.2. Giant builds hill for his home. England: Baughman.

F531.6.6.3. F531.6.6.3. Giant digs trench for course of Severn River. England: Baughman.

F531.6.6.4. F531.6.6.4. Giant makes cleft in rock when he misses another giant with spade blow. England: Baughman.

F531.6.6.5. F531.6.6.5. Giant and his wife build Roman road in a trice. Giant paves; wife brings stones. England: Baughman.

F531.6.7. F531.6.7. Giant‘s treasure. (Cf. F531.6.8.3.1.) *Hцttges FFC CXXII 143; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 583ff., MacCulloch Eddic 277 (Sutting’s poetic mead, runes), Snorra Edda Gylf. IV and XV (Mimir‘s well), Snorra Edda Skald. XXXII (gold); Estonian: Veckenstedt Sagen der Zamaiten (Heidelberg, 1883) II 141 No. 4, 200 No. 24; Hesse-Nassau: Zaunert 61.

F531.6.7.1. F531.6.7.1. Giant possesses treasure. Broderius § 13.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 279 (Alvaldi’s gold), 84 (magic objects); Norwegian: Norske Folkminnelag XIII 29; Farцe: Zs. f. Vksk. II 6 No. 6; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 92 No. 117; Styria: Henne-Am Rhyn No. 225.

F531.6.7.1.1. F531.6.7.1.1. Giants have animals (dogs, etc.) Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 591, 593, 595; MacCulloch Eddic 66, 85, 88, 111, 230, 276--77, *Boberg.

F531.6.7.1.2. F531.6.7.1.2. Giants‘ ship (Naglfar). Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 340.

F531.6.7.2. F531.6.7.2. Giant obtains treasure from man. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.6.7.2.1. F531.6.7.2.1. Giant steals from man (fish, sheep, sword). Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.8. F531.6.8. Mutual relations of giants.

F531.6.8.1. F531.6.8.1. Giant in love with giantess. Broderius § 30; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Norse: Norsk Folkminnelag XIII 29; Danish: Thiele Danmarks Folkesagn (Kшbenhavn, 1843) II 47; German: Grimm Deutsche Sagen (1907) No. 319.

F531.6.8.2. F531.6.8.2. Giants pursue giant women. Broderius § 30; Irish myth: *Cross; Swedish: Runa IV (1843) 27 No. 10; German: Grimm Deutsche Sagen (1907) No. 318.4; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) 176--180.

F531.6.8.3. F531.6.8.3. Enmity (competition) between giants. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.8.3.1. F531.6.8.3.1. Giants and giantesses fight about treasures. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.8.3.2. F531.6.8.3.2. Giant steals from giant. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.6.8.3.3. F531.6.8.3.3. Giants wrestle with each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

F531.6.8.4. F531.6.8.4. Giants’ festivities. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.8.4.1. F531.6.8.4.1. One giant invites another to a feast (wedding). Latter must be satisfied that food is plentiful. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3713.

F531.6.8.5. F531.6.8.5. Giants‘ social relations.

F531.6.8.5.1. F531.6.8.5.1. Giants have king, queen. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.8.5.2. F531.6.8.5.2. Giants have parliament. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.8.6. F531.6.8.6. Giants have children. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.8.7. F531.6.8.7. Giants meet successively larger giants. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 261.

F531.6.8.8. F531.6.8.8. Giant does not grow until another giant causes him to do so. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 8.

F531.6.9. F531.6.9. Giants as warriors (in army). Broderius § 32; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Bohemian: Jungbauer Bцhmerwald Sagen (Jena, 1924).

F531.6.10. F531.6.10. Other occupations of giants.

F531.6.10.1. F531.6.10.1. Giant as smith. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 282, *Boberg.

F531.6.11. F531.6.11. Antipathies of giants.

F531.6.11.1. F531.6.11.1. Giants fear lightning. Broderius § 27; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 278, 285; Swedish: Henne-Am Rhyn No. 609; German: Zaunert Westfдliche 1.

F531.6.12. F531.6.12. Disappearance or death of giants. **Hцttges FFC CXXII 75; Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.6.12.1. F531.6.12.1. Disappearance of giants. Broderius § 28.

F531.6.12.1.1. F531.6.12.1.1. Giant disappears in mist. (Cf. F531.6.5.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F531.6.12.1.2. F531.6.12.1.2. Giant cursed. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.6.12.2. F531.6.12.2. Sunlight turns giant or troll to stone. Broderius § 7; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 277, 282, 285, Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 154, Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 124, Boberg.

F531.6.12.3. F531.6.12.3. Slain giant turns to salt stone. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.12.4. F531.6.12.4. Giants killed by lightning or thunder (personified in the thunder-god). (Cf. F531.6.11.1.) Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592, MacCulloch Eddic 69ff., Boberg.

F531.6.12.5. F531.6.12.5. Giant killed by earthquake. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 80, Boberg.

F531.6.12.6. F531.6.12.6. Giant slain by man. (Cf. F531.6.9, F628.2.3, G500.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 374f.; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 83, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 315, 537f.

F531.6.12.6.1. F531.6.12.6.1. Giant destroyed by army. Jewish: Neuman.

F531.6.12.7. F531.6.12.7. Giants driven away by men. Icelandic: Boberg.

F531.6.12.8. F531.6.12.8. Giant drowned.

F531.6.12.8.1. F531.6.12.8.1. Giants drowned (in Ymir’s blood). Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 324, Snorra Edda skaldsk. ch. II, Boberg.

F531.6.12.8.2. F531.6.12.8.2. Giant drowned in Deluge. (Cf. A1010.) Jewish: Neuman.

F531.6.13. F531.6.13. Graves of giants. Broderius § 12; **Hцttges FFC CXXII 75ff., 256f.; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 40, 51, 53, 148; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 13ff., (1931) 8ff., VI 74; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 67 No. 577; Farцe: Zs. f. Vksk. II 18.

F531.6.13.1. F531.6.13.1. Giants enchanted in caverns. Broderius § 34; Swedish: Runa (1847) 34 No. 9; Tirol: Henne-Am Rhyn 2 No. 628.

F531.6.13.2. F531.6.13.2. Giant enchanted in car. Icelandic: Hбlfdanar saga Br. 574, Boberg.

F531.6.14. F531.6.14. Ghost of giant. Broderius § 17; *Hцttges FFC CXXII 133; Westphalia: Zaunert Westfдlische 5; Ditmarsch: Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 210; Tirol: Zingerle (1891) Nos. 41, 206, 357.

F531.6.15. F531.6.15. Giants and supernatural beings.

F531.6.15.1. F531.6.15.1. Giants and gods in fight. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 151, MacCulloch Eddic 83--84, 91, 179, 275 ff.

F531.6.15.2. F531.6.15.2. Love relations between giants and other supernatural beings. (Cf. F531.6.8.1.) Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 119, cf. O. Lundberg in Arctos Svecica 2, Ups. 1944, 5ff., Herrmann Saxo II 97ff., MacCulloch Eddic 47ff., 82, 91, 110, 158, 181, Boberg.

F531.6.15.3. F531.6.15.3. Giants and dwarfs friendly. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 83, (Central): Boas RBAE VI 635.

F531.6.16. F531.6.16. Attendants of the giants.

F531.6.16.1. F531.6.16.1. Giants‘ watchman (Eggther). Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 276, Boberg.

F531.6.16.2. F531.6.16.2. Giant’s animals help him in fight. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.16.3. F531.6.16.3. Man as servant of giant. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F531.6.17. F531.6.17. Other acts of giants.

F531.6.17.1. F531.6.17.1. Giants dance. *Fb ”danse“ I 93a.

F531.6.17.2. F531.6.17.2. Giant inflates self and floats through air. (Cf. F531.6.5.2.) Malone PMLA XLIII 412.

F531.6.17.2.1. F531.6.17.2.1. Giant flies over water like bird. Irish myth: *Cross.

F531.6.17.3. F531.6.17.3. Eagle carries giant to its nest. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”aigle“.

F531.6.17.4. F531.6.17.4. Giant plays musical instrument. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.6.17.5. F531.6.17.5. Giant herdsman. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.6.17.6. F531.6.17.6. Giant rolls like wheel. Irish myth: Cross.

F531.6.17.7. F531.6.17.7. Giants are wise. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 277, 127, *Boberg.

F532. F532. Remarkably broad man. Kцhler-Bolte I 403; Jewish: Neuman.

F533. F533. Remarkably tall man. (Cf. F531.2.1.) Kцhler-Bolte I 403; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 345, Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Marquesas: Handy 126; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 392; Fiji: ibid. 472; Tuamotu: ibid. 471.

F535. F535. Pygmy. Remarkably small man. Also called ”dwarf“. To be distinguished from the dwarfs who live in the woods and inhabit underground places (F451). *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt I 242 n. 6; *Frazer Pausanias II 107; *Chauvin VII 15 No. 373C n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Hartland Science 179; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 256; Arabian: Burton Nights V 252 n; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 386; N. A. Indian (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 68; African: *Werner African 258ff.

F535.0.1. F535.0.1. Pygmies descendants of Cain. (Cf. F531.6.1.9.) Jewish: Neuman.

F535.1. F535.1. Thumbling. Person the size of a thumb. *Types 327B, 700; *BP I 361, 389; Fb ”tomling“; Saintyves Contes de Perrault 245ff., 314ff.; *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. ”Daumling“; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F535.1.1. F535.1.1. Adventures of thumbling. See Type 700 for detailed adventures.

F535.1.1.1. F535.1.1.1. Thumbling drives wagon by sitting in horse‘s ear. Type 700; BP I 389.

F535.1.1.1.1. F535.1.1.1.1. Thumbling drives mule. India: Thompson-Balys.

F535.1.1.2. F535.1.1.2. Thumbling carried up chimney by steam of food. *Type 700; BP I 389.

F535.1.1.3. F535.1.1.3. Thumbling lies by sleeping man. Is blown to window by man’s breath. BP I 397.

F535.1.1.4. F535.1.1.4. Thumbling in danger of being sucked in by man‘s breath. BP I 397.

F535.1.1.5. F535.1.1.5. Thumbling lost in animal track. India: Thompson-Balys.

F535.1.1.6. F535.1.1.6. Thumbling has cat as riding-horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

F535.1.1.7. F535.1.1.7. Thumbling swallowed by animals. German: Grimm No. 37, 45.

F535.1.1.8. F535.1.1.8. Thumbling imprisoned in a sausage. German: Grimm No. 45.

F535.1.1.9. F535.1.1.9. Thumbling sold as freak. German: Grimm No. 37.

F535.1.1.10. F535.1.1.10. Thumbling hides in small place.

F535.1.1.10.1. F535.1.1.10.1. Thumbling hides under thimble in table drawer. German: Grimm No. 45.

F535.1.1.10.2. F535.1.1.10.2. Thumbling hides in a snail shell, in a mouse hole. German: Grimm No. 37.

F535.1.1.11. F535.1.1.11. Thumbling as accomplice to robbers. German: Grimm No. 37, 45.

F535.1.1.11.1. F535.1.1.11.1. Thumbling steals by entering keyhole. German: Grimm No. 37, 45.

F535.1.1.12. F535.1.1.12. Thumbling carries needle as sword. German: Grimm No. 45.

F535.1.1.13. F535.1.1.13. Thumbling carried in pocket. German: Grimm No. 90.

F535.1.1.14. F535.1.1.14. Thumbling carried on hat brim. (See F531.5.1.1.3. for a similar motif.) German: Grimm No. 37.

F535.2. F535.2. Pygmies of various sizes.

F535.2.1. F535.2.1. Pygmies nine inches tall. Chinese: Werner 386.

F535.2.2. F535.2.2. Man so small he can go through eye of needle. BP I 397.

F535.2.3. F535.2.3. Man so small he dances in spider web. BP I 397.

F535.2.4. F535.2.4. Man so small he can put his head through a mote in a sunbeam. BP I 397.

F535.2.5. F535.2.5. Man so small that he rides on an ant. Ant treads him underfoot. BP I 397.

F535.2.6. F535.2.6. Pygmy stands on man’s hand. Irish myth: *Cross.

F535.2.7. F535.2.7. Person (poet, child) only ”fist high.“ Irish myth: *Cross.

F535.2.8. F535.2.8. Little soldiers with officer on rabbit (long needles and knives for weapons). Chinese: Graham.

F535.3. F535.3. Dress of pygmies.

F535.3.1. F535.3.1. Pygmies dressed in copper. Finnish: Kalevala rune 2.

F535.3.2. F535.3.2. Pygmies dressed in red. Chinese: Werner 386.

F535.4. F535.4. Characteristics of pygmies.

F535.4.1. F535.4.1. Sexes of pygmies distinguished. A slight beard on men; long tresses on women. Chinese: Werner 386.

F535.4.2. F535.4.2. Pygmies with upturned feet. S. A. Indian: Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 712.

F535.4.3. F535.4.3. Noseless pygmies. (Cf. F514.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

F535.5. F535.5. Deeds of pygmies.

F535.5.1. F535.5.1. War of pygmies and cranes. Greek: *Frazer Pausanias II 107; *Fb ”trane“ III 835b.

F535.5.1.1. F535.5.1.1. Battle between giants and dwarfs; dwarfs win. (Cf. F531.) Africa (Fang): Einstein 71.

F535.6. F535.6. Kingdom of pygmies.

F535.6.1. F535.6.1. Underground pygmy kingdom. Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 17.

F540. F540. Remarkable physical organs.

F541. F541. Remarkable eyes. (Cf. F512.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F541.1. F541.1. Flashing eyes. Irish myth: Cross.

F541.1.1. F541.1.1. Eyes flash fire. Greek: Fox 9 (Typhon).

F541.1.2. F541.1.2. Eyes flash lightning. N. A. Indian (Navaho): Matthews MAFLS V 123.

F541.1.3. F541.1.3. Eyes of live coals. Kцhler-Bolte I 403.

F541.1.4. F541.1.4. Serpent-eye. Eyes so keen that man is supposed to have serpents in them. De Vries Zs. f. deutsche Philologie XIII (1928) 289; Icelandic: Sцrlaюбttr (FAS I) 406, Vцlundarkvida, stanza 16, Ragnars saga Loрbrуkar 136, *Boberg.

F541.2. F541.2. Eye with picture in the pupil. Witch with picture of cat (dog) in pupil. *Fb ”шje“ III 1166a, ”kattekilling“ II 111.

F541.3. F541.3. Eye with several pupils.

F541.3.1. F541.3.1. Eye with two pupils. Fb ”шje“ III 1166a.--Chinese: Ferguson

F541.3.2. F541.3.2. Eye with three pupils. Irish myth: *Cross.

F541.3.3. F541.3.3. Eye with four pupils. Irish myth: *Cross.

F541.3.4. F541.3.4. Eye with seven pupils. (Cf. A526.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F541.4. F541.4. Eye must be rubbed before it can see. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”oeil“.

F541.5. F541.5. One of man’s (giant‘s) eyes protrudes, other recedes. (Cf. F1041.16.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F541.5.1. F541.5.1. Single eye protrudes from forehead. Irish myth: *Cross.

F541.6. F541.6. Eyes remarkable as to color.

F541.6.1. F541.6.1. One eye brown, other blue. Irish myth: Cross.

F541.6.2. F541.6.2. Person has red eye. Irish myth: Cross.

F541.7. F541.7. Eye with remarkably heavy lid. Requires four men to lift it, or the like. (Cf. F511.1, G631.) Irish myth: Cross.

F541.8. F541.8. Eye recedes into head. Irish myth: *Cross.

F541.9. F541.9. Eyes shed tears of blood. (Cf. H71.8.) Jewish: Neuman.

F541.10. F541.10. Eyes impervious to iron lances. Jewish: Neuman.

F541.11. F541.11. Removable eyes. Jewish: Neuman; Africa: Weeks Jungle 126ff.

F542. F542. Remarkable ears. (Cf. F511.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F542.1. F542.1. Long ears. People must hold them up so as not to impede walking. Liebrecht 90f.; Cosquin Contes indiens 179; Chinese: Werner 389; Indonesian: Kruyt Het Animisme 350; Malay: Gerth van Wijk Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde XXXV 272; Papua: Landtman Nos. 135, 145, 163.

F542.2. F542.2. Big ears. One used as mattress and one as a covering, and the like. India: Thompson-Balys; New Guinea: Rutland Journal of the Polynesian Society VI (1897) 213--215.

F543. F543. Remarkable nose. (Cf. F514.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F543.1. F543.1. Remarkably long nose. *Fb ”nжse“ II 716b, ”kjжlling“ II 146b.

F543.1.1. F543.1.1. Long nose used as poker. Fb. ”nжse“ II 716b.

F543.1.2. F543.1.2. Long nose used as hen roost. Fb ”nжse“ III 716b.

F543.1.3. F543.1.3. Remarkably long, hooked nose. Irish myth: Cross.

F543.2. F543.2. Remarkably large nose. Tobler 63.

F543.3. F543.3. Nose turned upside down. India: Thompson-Balys.

F543.4. F543.4. Remarkable nostrils. Jewish: Neuman.

F544. F544. Remarkable mouth. (Cf. F513, F531.1.4, F531.1.6.2.)

F544.0.1. F544.0.1. Remarkably large mouth. Irish myth: *Cross.

F544.0.1.1. F544.0.1.1. Mouth opens so wide that lungs (gullet) may be seen. Irish myth: *Cross.

F544.0.2. F544.0.2. Man’s mouth, from fear of sea-monster under lake, ”distended to both his ears.“ Irish myth: *Cross.

F544.0.3. F544.0.3. Mouth of man emits flames when open for speech. Jewish: *Neuman.

F544.0.4. F544.0.4. Mouth open to drink for forty days. Jewish: Neuman.

F544.1. F544.1. Remarkable lips.

F544.1.1. F544.1.1. Upper lip curls over nostril; lower hangs down to neck. Malone PMLA XLIII 401.

F544.1.2. F544.1.2. When sad, man lets one lip fall to stomach; other makes hood over his head. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F544.1.3. F544.1.3. Lips on side of face. Irish myth: *Cross.

F544.1.4. F544.1.4. Lips used as a spear. Oceanic: Beckwith Myth 200.

F544.2. F544.2. Remarkable tongue. Irish myth: Cross.

F544.2.1. F544.2.1. Golden tongue. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 278 No. 90.

F544.2.2. F544.2.2. Long tongue. India: Thompson-Balys.

F544.2.2.1. F544.2.2.1. Long tongue cut out and used to bridge a stream. *Penzer VI 10 n. 4.

F544.2.3. F544.2.3. Tongue with hair growing from it. India: Thompson-Balys.

F544.2.4. F544.2.4. Tongue with thorns. India: Thompson-Balys.

F544.3. F544.3. Remarkable teeth. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F544.3.1. F544.3.1. Golden teeth. Icelandic: Boberg; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 278 No. 90.

F544.3.2. F544.3.2. Teeth of angered saint give off sparks. (Cf. F552.1.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

F544.3.2.1. F544.3.2.1. Luminous tooth of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

F544.3.3. F544.3.3. Blue teeth. Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

F544.3.3.1. F544.3.3.1. Blue, protruding teeth of one and a half elbow-length. Icelandic: Boberg.

F544.3.4. F544.3.4. Saints’ teeth last for 300 years. Irish myth: Cross.

F544.3.5. F544.3.5. Remarkably long teeth. Jewish: Neuman.

F544.3.6. F544.3.6. Tooth travels automatically. Africa (Dzalamo): Meinhof ZsES XI 283.

F545. F545. Other facial features. Irish myth: Cross.

F545.1. F545.1. Remarkable beard. Jewish: *Neuman.

F545.1.0.1. F545.1.0.1. Beardless man. Irish myth: Cross.

F545.1.1. F545.1.1. Blue beard. *Type 312.

F545.1.1.1. F545.1.1.1. Green beard. Moe Samlede Skrifter III 289f.; English: Gawayne and the Green Knight.

F545.1.1.2. F545.1.1.2. Golden mustache. India: Thompson-Balys.

F545.1.2. F545.1.2. Beard projected over beams of great hall. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F545.1.3. F545.1.3. Beard grows through table. (Usually told of king asleep in mountain.) Hartland Science 217; *BP III 460; Fb ”sten“ III 554a.

F545.1.4. F545.1.4. Beard shelters fifty men from rain. Irish myth: Cross.

F545.1.5. F545.1.5. Bearded woman. (Cf. T321.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F545.1.5.1. F545.1.5.1. Enormously fat woman with beard. India: Thompson-Balys.

F545.1.6. F545.1.6. Beard travels detached from owners. Africa (Dzalamo): Meinhof ZsES XI 284.

F545.2. F545.2. Remarkable forehead. Jewish: Neuman.

F545.2.1. F545.2.1. Gold star on forehead. *Type 400, 533; *Roberts 188; BP I 102, II 275; Kцhler-Bolte I 420; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”йtoiles“; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2.

F545.2.2. F545.2.2. Horns on forehead. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 2/27).

F545.2.3. F545.2.3. Man with inscription on forehead. Jewish: Neuman.

F545.2.4. F545.2.4. Man with forehead of iron. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 75f.

F545.3. F545.3. Remarkable cheek.

F545.3.1. F545.3.1. One cheek white, other red. Irish myth: *Cross.

F545.3.2. F545.3.2. Yellow, green, blue, purple spot on cheek. Irish myth: *Cross.

F545.4. F545.4. Face covered with long moss. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F546. F546. Remarkable breast. (Cf. F232.2, F441.2.1.2, F460.1.2, F531.1.5.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F546.1. F546.1. Breast broad and made of glittering metal. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 150.

F546.2. F546.2. Woman with three breasts. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F546.3. F546.3. Star (cross) on breast. Panzer Hilde-Gudrun 207; Dixon 48; Icelandic: Lagerholm Drei Lygisцgur 87, Boberg.

F546.4. F546.4. Thorns around nipples. India: Thompson-Balys.

F546.5. F546.5. Woman with breasts hot enough to cook food. (Cf. F593.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F546.6. F546.6. Milk in man’s breast. Jewish: Neuman.

F547. F547. Remarkable sexual organs. Irish myth: *Cross.

F547.1. F547.1. Toothed private parts. (Cf. F547.3.3.) N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 309 n. 115.

F547.1.1. F547.1.1. Vagina dentata. Woman kills her husbands with her toothed vagina. India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 100; Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 289; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 305, Holm 87; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 309 n. 115, Hatt Asiatic Influences 85ff., (California): Gayton and Newman 72.

F547.2. F547.2. Hermaphrodite. Person with both male and female sexual organs. Greek: *Pauly-Wissowa s.v. ”Hermaphroditos“; N. A. Indian (Navaho): Matthews MAFLS V 70; Icelandic: Boberg.

F547.2.1. F547.2.1. Hermaphrodite pygmies. N. A. Indian (Tsimshian): Alexander N. Am. 257.

F547.3. F547.3. Extraordinary penis. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.3.1. F547.3.1. Long penis. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F547.3.2. F547.3.2. Penis that eats and drinks. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.3.3. F547.3.3. Toothed penis. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.3.4. F547.3.4. Penis tatooed with name of God. Jewish: Neuman.

F547.3.5. F547.3.5. Man‘s genitals hidden in his body. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 31.

F547.3.6. F547.3.6. Penis cuts down trees. N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 29.

F547.4. F547.4. Extraordinary clitoris. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5. F547.5. Extraordinary vagina. (Cf. F547.1.1.)

F547.5.1. F547.5.1. Removable vagina. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 113, 186.

F547.5.2. F547.5.2. Enormous vagina. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.3. F547.5.3. Eye in vagina. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.4. F547.5.4. Double vagina. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.5. F547.5.5. Vagina as bag. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.6. F547.5.6. Vagina in forehead. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.7. F547.5.7. Vagina in armpit. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.8. F547.5.8. Saw in vagina. (Cf. F547.1.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.9. F547.5.9. Hair in vagina which becomes a mantis. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.5.10. F547.5.10. Woman with privates like dog’s. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 111.

F547.6. F547.6. Remarkable pubic hairs. India: Thompson-Balys.

F547.6.1. F547.6.1. Remarkably long pubic hair. Irish myth: *Cross.

F547.7. F547.7. Enormous testicles. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 75.

F548. F548. Remarkable legs. Irish myth: Cross.

F548.0.1. F548.0.1. Pointed leg. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 75f.

F548.1. F548.1. Person with black knee. (Cf. F527.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F548.1.1. F548.1.1. Person with white knee. Irish myth: Cross.

F551. F551. Remarkable feet. (Cf. F517.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F551.1. F551.1. Animal foot on human being.

F551.1.1. F551.1.1. Man with snake-like feet. Greek: Fox 68 (Erichtheus).

F551.1.2. F551.1.2. Person with horse’s foot. Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 62; Icelandic: Boberg.

F551.1.2.1. F551.1.2.1. Woman with horseshoe on one foot. *Fb ”hestesko“ I 604a.

F551.1.3. F551.1.3. Man with dog’s feet. Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kr. 54ff., Boberg.

F551.2. F551.2. Feet with unusual number of toes. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 143 (seven), *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F551.3. F551.3. Remarkably pretty white feet. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 103, *Boberg.

F551.4. F551.4. Remarkably ugly feet (and hands). Icelandic: Boberg.

F551.5. F551.5. Single-footed people lie on their backs and shade themselves from sun with their soles. India: Thompson-Balys.

F552. F552. Remarkable hands. (Cf. F515, F531.1.6.7, F551.4.) Japanese: Ikeda.

F552.1. F552.1. Hands with unusual fingers.

F552.1.1. F552.1.1. Hands with unusual number of fingers. Irish myth: *Cross.

F552.1.2. F552.1.2. Fingers of saint (angel) give light or fire. (Cf. F544.3.2.) *Loomis White Magic 34; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F552.1.3. F552.1.3. Extraordinary fingernails. (Cf. G11.11.1.) Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 87, Rasmussen III 79; Oceania: *Lessa MS.

F552.1.4. F552.1.4. Human fingers not separated. Jewish: Neuman.

F552.1.5. F552.1.5. Milk from finger. Jewish: Neuman.

F552.2. F552.2. Remarkably strong hands. (Cf. F610.) Tonga: Beckwith Myth 486.

F552.3. F552.3. Remarkably pretty white hands. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F552.4. F552.4. Marvelous hand without wrist. Irish myth: *Cross.

F554. F554. Person remarkable as to his blood.

F554.1. F554.1. Person with pink fluid in place of blood. Irish myth: Cross.

F554.2. F554.2. Person with extraordinary amount of blood. Irish myth: Cross.

F555. F555. Remarkable hair. (Cf. F521, F531.1.6.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.1. F555.1. Gold hair. *Types 314, 504, 533; BP II 275, III 97, IV 271, 351, 409; *Fb ”guldhеr“ I 513, IV 191b, ”hеr“ I 771b; *Aarne FFC XCII 94ff.--Icelandic: Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 431a n. 27, MacCulloch Eddic 266, Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”cheveux“, ”belle“, ”or“; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F555.1.1. F555.1.1. Person with hair partially golden. Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.2. F555.2. Silver hair. *Type 533; BP II 275.

F555.3. F555.3. Very long hair. Child V 482 s.v. ”hair“; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F555.3.0.1. F555.3.0.1. Hair recedes into head. Irish myth: Cross.

F555.3.1. F555.3.1. Nude woman clothed in own hair (Godiva). *Fb ”hеr“ I 771b; Type 710; *BP I 21; England: Baughman.

F555.3.1.1. F555.3.1.1. Girl‘s hair spreads on ground so that it hides her. India: Thompson-Balys.

F555.3.2. F555.3.2. Holy man’s hair of enormous length, so long has he remained praying at one spot. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F555.3.3. F555.3.3. Hair so long that girl can cover herself with it. Icelandic: Gunnlaugs saga Ormstunga ch. V 13, ed. Altnord, Text bibl. 1908, Boberg.

F555.3.4. F555.3.4. Rapid growth of hair as protection against being seen nude. *Loomis White Magic 95f.

F555.4. F555.4. Very thick hair. Irish myth: Cross.

F555.5. F555.5. Multi-colored hair. Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.5.1. F555.5.1. Person with three heads of hair. (Cf. A526.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.6. F555.6. Man has drop of blood on end of each hair. Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.7. F555.7. Poisonous white hair in eyebrow that causes death to the first person who sees it each day. Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.8. F555.8. Hair so stiff that apples falling on it would be impaled. Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.8.1. F555.8.1. Hair above heart so stiff it rends five garments. Jewish: Neuman.

F555.9. F555.9. Hair so curly that nuts falling on it would be held. Irish myth: *Cross.

F555.10. F555.10. Hair emits sound. Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 75.

F556. F556. Remarkable voice. (Cf. X937).

F556.1. F556.1. Voice made rough by swallowing hot iron. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 119, (Basuto): Jacottet 64 No. 10.

F556.1.1. F556.1.1. Voice made smooth by swallowing hot iron. Africa (Bechuana): Arbousset et Daumas Voyage d’exploration au Nord-Est de la Colonie du Cap de Bonne-Espйrence (Paris, 1842) 119f., Fraser FLJ VII 167f., (Basuto): Jacottet I 62f. No. 10.

F556.1.2. F556.1.2. Voice made smooth by having ant bite tongue. Africa (Mwimbe): Browne The Vanishing Tribes of Kenya (London, 1925) 211ff.

F556.2. F556.2. Voice changed by work of silversmith (goldsmith). Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 242 No. 17; N. Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris 236 No. 40.

F556.3. F556.3. Voice changed by medicine. Africa (Hausa): Rattray II 14ff. No. 23, (Madagascar): Renel I 247ff. No. 46.

F556.4. F556.4. Saint‘s voice heard from considerable distance. *Loomis White Magic 53; Irish myth: Cross.

F557. F557. Removable organs. India: Thompson-Balys; Ibo (Nigeria): Basden 140 (nose, feet, hands, face).

F557.1. F557.1. Removable brain. Saint‘s brain kept in a missile ball. Irish: Plummer xxxiv.

F558. F558. Man covered with horn. Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: Panzer Sigfrid 66.

F558.1. F558.1. Double-skinned tribe. India: Thompson-Balys.

F559. F559. Remarkable physical organs--miscellaneous.

F559.1. F559.1. Person with jointless bodies of bone. Irish myth: Cross.

F559.2. F559.2. Long navel. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F559.3. F559.3. Extraordinary excrement. India: Thompson-Balys.

F559.3.1. F559.3.1. Excreta is so fiery it starts great fires. India: Thompson-Balys.

F559.4. F559.4. Remarkable skull.

F559.4.1. F559.4.1. Skull has words miraculously written on it. Jewish: Neuman.

F559.5. F559.5. Remarkable neck.

F559.5.1. F559.5.1. Neck as hard as ivory. Jewish: Neuman.

F559.6. F559.6. Extraordinary stomach.

F559.6.1. F559.6.1. Stomach attains immense proportions by overeating. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 155.

F559.7. F559.7. Remarkable heart. Irish myth: Cross.

F559.7.1. F559.7.1. Person with three hearts. Irish myth: *Cross.

F559.7.2. F559.7.2. Adder grows in heart of man. Irish myth: *Cross.

F559.8. F559.8. Extraordinary urine.

F559.8.1. F559.8.1. Person’s urine melts rocks. Irish myth: Cross.

F560. F560. Unusual manner of life. Irish myth: Cross.

F561. F561. People of unusual diet. Icelandic: Boberg.

F561.1. F561.1. People who prefer raw flesh. Maori: Dixon 78 n. 77.

F561.2. F561.2. Ichthyophages. People who live on fish. *Chauvin VII 86 No. 373bis n. 4; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

F561.3. F561.3. People who live on coconuts. Chauvin VII 22 No. 373 E n. 2.

F561.4. F561.4. Person lives by smoking tobacco. Never eats. N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 223.

F561.5. F561.5. Girl eats only kola nuts and tobacco. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 33 No. 1.

F561.6. F561.6. Woman fed by bees‘ dropping honey into her mouth (lie). India: Thompson-Balys.

F561.7. F561.7. Boy drinks perspiration. Irish myth: Cross.

F561.8. F561.8. Iron-eating tribe. India: Thompson-Balys.

F562. F562. People of unusual residence. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F562.1. F562.1. Boy lives on ox. Never walks on ground. Missouri French: Carriиre; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 221.

F562.2. F562.2. Residence in a tree. Type 710, Grimm No. 3; Missouri French: Carriиre; Hindu: Tawney I 121, 381, 531, 552, II 79, 162.

F562.3. F562.3. Residence in (under) water. Irish myth: *Cross.

F562.4. F562.4. Girl lives in fruit and comes out only to be bathed by her twenty sisters. India: Thompson-Balys.

F562.5. F562.5. Boy lives in ant-hill. India: Thompson-Balys.

F564. F564. Person never sleeps.

F564.1. F564.1. Person of diabolical origin never sleeps. *Krappe Mod. Lang. Review XXIV (1929) 200ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F564.2. F564.2. Semi-supernatural person sleeps little. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F564.3. F564.3. Person does not sleep for many months (years). Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F564.3.1. F564.3.1. Long sleep, long waking. (Six months sleep followed by six months waking, or the like.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

F564.3.2. F564.3.2. Person sleeps for three days and nights. Irish myth: Cross.

F564.3.3. F564.3.3. King sleeps for six days and acquires after that magic wisdom. Icelandic: Hjбlmpйrs saga ok Цlvis 505, Boberg.

F564.3.4. F564.3.4. Person sleeps for nine months. Irish myth: Cross.

F564.3.5. F564.3.5. Spirit woman sleeps through whole year; eats through the next. India: Thompson-Balys.

F564.3.6. F564.3.6. Twelve years’ sleep customary to demons. India: Thompson-Balys.

F564.4. F564.4. Man sleeps with one eye and one ear open. India: Thompson-Balys.

F565. F565. Women warriors or hunters.

F565.1. F565.1. Amazons. Women warriors. **Klein Die Antiken Amazonensagen in der deutschen Literatur (Leipzig, 1919); *Chauvin VIII 55 No. 22; *Gaster Exempla 186f. No. 5A.--Irish myth: *Cross; MacCulloch Celtic 144; English: Wells 105 (The Prose Alexander) Malory Morte Darthur X 39; Icelandic: Olrik Sakses Oldhistorie I (1892) 52ff., *Boberg; Greek: Fox 85, *Frazer Apollodorus I 98 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys, Tawney II 589 n.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 411 s.v. ”Amazonen“; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 68; N. A. Indian: Hatt Asiatic Influences 70ff.; S. A. Indian: *Chamberlain JAFL XXIV 16, Alexander Lat. Am. 19 n. 5, 281f., (Tropical Forests): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55.

F565.1.1. F565.1.1. Amazons cut off left breast of daughters so that they can handle bow. Greek: Fox 85.

F565.1.2. F565.1.2. All male children killed by Amazons. Greek: Fox 85; S. A. Indian (Aspinayй, Carajб, Taulipang, Tupinamba): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 516.

F565.1.3. F565.1.3. Queen takes husband‘s place in battle. India: Thompson-Balys.

F565.2. F565.2. Remarkably strong women. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F565.3. F565.3. Parliament of women. Irish myth: Cross.

F565.4. F565.4. Women hunters. English: Malory Morte Darthur XVIII 21.

F566. F566. Celibate peoples.

F566.1. F566.1. Village of men only. N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit MAFLS XI 53 No. 34.

F566.1.1. F566.1.1. Country which no woman may enter. Africa (Swahili): Stignand 97ff. No. 15.

F566.2. F566.2. Land where women live separate from men. Cohabit with water monsters. Irish myth: Cross; S. A. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 286.

F567. F567. Wild man. Man lives alone in wood like a beast. Type 502; *Dickson 113ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Trilles Proverbs 199.

F567.1. F567.1. Wild woman. (Similar to wild man.) Type 314; **Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 968ff.; U.S.: *Baughman.

F568. F568. Naked tribe. Sun, cold, wind, rain do not harm them. Irish myth: Cross.

F568.1. F568.1. Naked men (boy). Irish myth: *Cross.

F569. F569. Unusual manner of life--miscellaneous.

F569.1. F569.1. Woman lays eggs and hatches them. India: Thompson-Balys.

F569.2. F569.2. Men menstruate. India: Thompson-Balys.

F569.3. F569.3. Silent person.

F569.3.1. F569.3.1. Silent princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

F570. F570. Other extraordinary human beings.

F571. F571. Extremely old person. Irish myth: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 28, Beal XXI 309; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 206f.

F571.1. F571.1. Old man with hanging eyelids. So old that the eyelids hang down to his chin and must be lifted up. *Fb ”цje“ III 1167a; *BP II 398 n. 2, IV 148; Welsh, Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 187; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 213 No. 41.

F571.2. F571.2. Sending to the older. Old person refers inquirer to his father, who refers to his father, and so on for several generations. *Type 726; *Baum JAFL XXX 379 n. 2; *Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн IV 1ff.; Irish myth: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 74, Beal XXI 326.

F571.2.1. F571.2.1. Sending to the older uncle. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F571.3. F571.3. Very old woman. Irish myth: *Cross.

F571.3.1. F571.3.1. Woman so old her chin reaches her knee. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

F571.4. F571.4. Man so old he sleeps in cradle. Scotch: Campbell-McKay Nos. 1, 2.

F571.5. F571.5. King so old that he only can take food from a horn. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 26, Boberg.

F571.6. F571.6. King so old that he cannot get on horseback without help. Icelandic: Boberg.

F571.7. F571.7. Person hundreds of years old. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 587, *Boberg.

F571.8. F571.8. Man lives for nine generations. Irish myth: Cross.

F572. F572. Dancers upon whom icicles hang. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 97.

F573. F573. Negro so black that he makes whole garden somber. Malone PMLA XLIII 401.

F574. F574. Luminous person. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer II 43 n. 2, VI 1 n. 1.

F574.1. F574.1. Resplendent beauty. Woman‘s face lights up the dark. *Fb ”prins og prinsesse“; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, *Penzer VI 1 n. 1, II 43 n. 2, VII 189 n. 2; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1339; Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 363; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 35 n. 1, 62, 68, 106, 154.

F574.1.1. F574.1.1. Woman’s beauty burns onlooker. N. A. Indian (Chuckchee): Bogoras AA n.s. IV 666.

F574.1.2. F574.1.2. Woman’s beauty shows through seven veils. Kцhler to Gonzenbach No. 13; *Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63.

F574.1.3. F574.1.3. Men killed by look of beautiful princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

F574.1.4. F574.1.4. Man‘s beauty eclipses splendor of sun. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F574.2. F574.2. Man with luminous arms. Jewish: Gaster Exempla 227 No. 223, Neuman.

F574.3. F574.3. Holy man (hero) emits light.

F574.3.1. F574.3.1. Face of saint radiant. Irish myth: *Cross.

F574.3.2. F574.3.2. Holy man radiant. Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 802, 1015 (Buddha), I 427, 852, II 695 (ascetic).

F574.3.3. F574.3.3. Hero luminous. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 247.

F575. F575. Remarkable beauty. (Cf. F574.1.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F575.1. F575.1. Remarkably beautiful woman. Greek: Grote I 279 f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 349, 762.

F575.1.1. F575.1.1. Birth of daughter so beautiful mother is frightened and abandons her. India: Thompson-Balys.

F575.1.2. F575.1.2. Old woman beautiful as in youth. Jewish: Neuman.

F575.1.3. F575.1.3. Woman so beautiful sea is calm for her. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 307.

F575.2. F575.2. Handsome man. Jewish: Neuman.

F575.2.1. F575.2.1. Supernatural beauty of men in Messianic era. (Cf. A1095.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F575.2.2. F575.2.2. Supernatural beauty of Jerusalem’s inhabitants. Jewish: *Neuman.

F575.3. F575.3. Remarkably beautiful child. Jewish: Neuman.

F576. F576. Extraordinary ugliness. (Cf. A2402.) Jewish: Neuman.

F577. F577. Persons identical in appearance. (Cf. F1072.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F577.1. F577.1. Friends identical in appearance. Irish myth: Cross; Cape Verde Islands. Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 212 No. 73.

F577.2. F577.2. Brothers identical in appearance. *Type 303; BP I 528; *Ranke FFC CXIV 286.

F577.3. F577.3. King and fool identical in appearance. Irish myth: Cross.

F577.4. F577.4. Lovers identical in appearance. Irish myth: Cross.

F577.5. F577.5. All people in certain place identical in appearance. India: Thompson-Balys.

F582. F582. Poison damsel. Woman nourished on poison is fatal to her husbands. Sometimes the poisoning is from fatal look or breath, sometimes from intercourse. *Penzer X 265 s.v. ”Poison Damsel“; **Penzer Poison Damsels 3ff.; Herbert III 211; *Oesterley No. 11; **Hertz Abhandlungen 156ff.; Krappe Mitt. d. schles. Gesell. f. Volkskunde XXVIII (1927) 131ff.; *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 360f.

F582.1. F582.1. Serpent damsel. Woman has serpent inside which comes out and kills her bridegrooms. *Type 507C; BP III 490ff., 494; *Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte 259 s.v. ”Schlangenmдdchen“; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F582.2. F582.2. Man spews venom. Icelandic: FSS 119, *Boberg.

F582.3. F582.3. Venomous man. Irish myth: Cross.

F583. F583. Hero has lain motionless since birth. Koryak, Mongol Turk, Russian: Jochelson JE VI 363.

F584. F584. Person remarkably light in weight.

F584.1. F584.1. Princess‘ weight that of five flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

F585. F585. Phantoms. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61 No. 445B.

F585.0.1. F585.0.1. Fairy (god) as phantom. Irish myth: *Cross.

F585.1. F585.1. Fatal enticements of phantom women. Chauvin V 34 No. 16.

F585.2. F585.2. Magic phantom army. Created out of puffballs and withered leaves. Irish myth: *Cross.

F585.3. F585.3. Phantom women cause weakness. Irish myth: Cross.

F585.4. F585.4. Treasure struck from hand of phantom. Irish myth: Cross.

F591. F591. Person who never laughs. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 347, 1288.

F591.1. F591.1. Prince who never laughs. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”rire“.

F591.2. F591.2. Sad-faced princess cannot laugh. *BP IV 189 n. 2; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction.

F592. F592. Man’s ferocious glance kills (causes swooning). Irish myth: Cross.

F593. F593. Person‘s extraordinary body temperature. (Cf. F546.5).

F593.1. F593.1. Extraordinary heat of body melts snow far around person. Irish myth: Cross.

F594. F594. Man whose entrails are visible when he laughs. Irish myth: *Cross.

F595. F595. Man’s body exudes sweet scent. Jewish: Neuman.

F596. F596. Extraordinarily slow person. Icelandic: Boberg.

F597. F597. Woman without womb. Jewish: Neuman.

F598. F598. Old woman gives miraculous amount of milk. Jewish: Neuman.

F600--F699.

F600--F699. Persons with extraordinary powers.

F600. F600. Persons with extraordinary powers.

F601. F601. Extraordinary companions. A group of men with extraordinary powers travel together. *Types 301B, 513, 514, 571; *BP II 79, 95; *Benfey *Kleinere Schriften III 94; *Kцhler-Bolte I 601 s.v. ”Gefдhrten“; *Cosquin Contes indiens 431ff.; *Kittredge Arthur and Garlagon 226 n. 3; Jacobs‘s list s.v. ”Extraordinary Companions“; Alphabet No. 693; *Chauvin VII 125 No. 392.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5, Rotunda; Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 428; Koryak, Mongol-Turk: Jochelson JE VI 363; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries Nederlandsche Tijdschrift voor Volkskunde (1924) 97ff.; Korean: Zong in-Sob 163f.; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 27, 114, 128, 433; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 334ff., 345ff.

F601.0.1. F601.0.1. Skillful companions. Irish myth: *Cross.

F601.1. F601.1. Extraordinary companions perform hero‘s tasks. *Types 513, 514; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 163ff.; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 345ff.

F601.2. F601.2. Extraordinary companions help hero in suitor tests. *Types 513, 514; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 345ff.; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 74ff. No. 16.

F601.3. F601.3. Extraordinary companions betray hero. *Type 301; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 334ff.

F601.4. F601.4. Extraordinary companions rescue hero. *Type 514.

F601.4.1. F601.4.1. Extraordinary companion hides behind hero to trick enemy. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 143.

F601.4.2. F601.4.2. Extraordinary companion saves hero from death. Korean: Zong in-Sob 164.

F601.5. F601.5. Extraordinary companions are brothers (twins, triplets). *Cosquin Contes indiens 447ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F601.6. F601.6. Extraordinary companions are transformed animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

F601.7. F601.7. Animals as extraordinary companions. Type 715; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 74ff. No. 16.

F610. F610. Remarkably strong man. (Strong John). (Cf. X940, X959.1.) *Panzer Beowulf; *Types 301, 650*, 650**, 650, 1003--1013; *BP II 285ff., 300ff.; *Fb ”styrke“, ”stжrk“, ”Svend Felding“.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 86, 153 (Heimdall), *Boberg; French: Cosquin Lorraine Nos. 14, 46, 52, 69 and notes; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 8; Greek: Fox 75 (Herakles), Frazer Apollodorus I 259 n. 3; Jewish: Frazer Old Testament II 480ff. (Samson), *Neuman; Armenian: Ananikian 86; Hindu: Keith 172; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: *De Vries Nederlandsch Tijdschrift v. Volkskunde XXX 97ff.; Chinese: Graham; Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 428; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 334ff. incident A 2; West Indies: Flowers 435.

F610.0.1. F610.0.1. Remarkably strong woman. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 551, 902; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 128.

F610.0.1.1. F610.0.1.1. Remarkably strong women defeats man in arrow and spear contest. India: Thompson-Balys.

F610.1. F610.1. Wild man of superhuman strength. *Dickson 114 n. 37; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F610.2. F610.2. Dwarf-hero of superhuman strength. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 24; Missouri-French: Carriиre.

F610.3. F610.3. Warrior of special strength (Berserk). (Cf. F1041.8.6.) Hdwb. d. March. I ”Bдrenhдuter“; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.1. F610.3.1. Invulnerable berserk. (Cf. D1840.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.2. F610.3.2. Black berserk. (Cf. F527.5.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.3. F610.3.3. Twelve berserks. (Cf. F610.3.4.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.3.1. F610.3.3.1. Two berserk-brothers. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.4. F610.3.4. Fighting with berserks. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.4.1. F610.3.4.1. Fighting with twelve berserks. (Cf. F610.3.3.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.4.2. F610.3.4.2. Single combat with berserk. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.4.2.1. F610.3.4.2.1. Berserk killed in combat about maiden. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.3.5. F610.3.5. Competition with berserks in their particular sports: walk through fire, etc. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.4. F610.4. Man with strength of many men. Jewish: Neuman.

F610.4.1. F610.4.1. Man with four men’s strength. Icelandic: Boberg.

F610.4.2. F610.4.2. Man with twelve men‘s strength. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.4.3. F610.4.3. Man with seventy men’s strength. Jewish: Neuman.

F610.5. F610.5. Man with strength of animals.

F610.5.1. F610.5.1. Man with strength of lion. Jewish: Neuman.

F610.5.2. F610.5.2. Man with strength of ten elephants. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 31, 580.

F610.6. F610.6. Man so strong that he breaks most of what he gets in touch with. (Cf. F614.3--F614.6.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.6.1. F610.6.1. Man so strong that he must be chained except when in battle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.7. F610.7. Strong man is so heavy that no horse can carry him all day. (Cf. F681.8.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F610.8. F610.8. Strong man so heavy that only his own horse can carry him. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 380, Boberg.

F610.9. F610.9. Strong man accomplishes superhuman tasks when God‘s spirit is over him. Jewish: Neuman.

F611. F611. Strong man’s birth and rearing.

F611.1. F611.1. Strong man‘s birth. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 703*.

F611.1.1. F611.1.1. Strong man son of bear who has stolen his mother. *Types 301, 650; *Panzer Beowulf 16ff.; *Dickson 117 n. 48; *BP II 293, 300; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. ”Bдrensohn“; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 334ff.

F611.1.2. F611.1.2. Strong man son of woman and dwarf. Type 301; BP II 300; Dickson 117 n. 48.

F611.1.2.1. F611.1.2.1. Strong man son of woman and forest spirit. Africa (Fang): Einstein 70ff., Trilles 190ff. No. 11.

F611.1.3. F611.1.3. Wild man son of woman and satyr who overpowers her. Dickson 124 n. 76.

F611.1.4. F611.1.4. Wild man son of woman and robber. She is overpowered in forest. Dickson 117 n. 48.

F611.1.5. F611.1.5. Strong man son of man and she-bear. Type 301; BP II 300; Dickson 117 n. 48.

F611.1.6. F611.1.6. Strong man son of man and mare. Type 301; BP II 300; Dickson 117 n. 48.

F611.1.6.1. F611.1.6.1. Strong man accused of being son of man and mare. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F611.1.7. F611.1.7. Strong man son of person and giant. Fb. ”styrke“.

F611.1.8. F611.1.8. Strong hero engendered by eating of fruit. BP II 300.

F611.1.9. F611.1.9. Strong hero engendered by the wind. BP II 300.

F611.1.10. F611.1.10. Strong hero engendered from burning brand. BP II 301.

F611.1.11. F611.1.11. Strong hero born from egg. *Type 650; Christiansen 92.

F611.1.11.1. F611.1.11.1. Strong hero born from noodle. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F611.1.12. F611.1.12. Strong hero struck by smith from iron. Type 650; Christiansen 92.

F611.1.13. F611.1.13. Strong hero son of man and troll-woman. Relations take place in dream. Type 650; Christiansen 92.

F611.1.14. F611.1.14. Strong hero son of woman of sea. Type 650.

F611.1.15. F611.1.15. Strong hero son of wood-spirit. Type 650.

F611.2. F611.2. Strong hero‘s suckling.

F611.2.0.1. F611.2.0.1. Hero’s unusual strength from drinking his own mother‘s milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

F611.2.1. F611.2.1. Strong hero suckled by animal. Type 301; BP II 293, 300; Dickson 117 n. 48.

F611.2.2. F611.2.2. Strong hero suckled by mermaid. Gives him strength of twelve men. *Fb ”havfrue“ I 569.

F611.2.3. F611.2.3. Strong hero’s long nursing. *Type 650; *BP II 293; Panzer Beowulf 20f.

F611.2.4. F611.2.4. Strong hero suckled by seven women. India: Thompson-Balys.

F611.2.5. F611.2.5. Strong hero suckled by giant. German: Grimm No. 90.

F611.3. F611.3. Strong hero acquires his strength. (Cf. F611.2.2.)

F611.3.0.1. F611.3.0.1. Extraordinary strength from fasting for 12 years and eating nothing except earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F611.3.1. F611.3.1. Strong hero practices uprooting trees. (Cf. F621.) Type 650; BP Il 287; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 92; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 435.

F611.3.2. F611.3.2. Hero‘s precocious strength. Has full strength when very young. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 69, Snorra Edda Prol. III, *Boberg; Norwegian: Christiansen 92, India: *Thompson-Balys; Lau Islands: Beckwith Myth 483; Marquesas: Handy 105.

F611.3.2.1. F611.3.2.1. Strong hero drives huge log into frozen ground. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 237.

F611.3.2.2. F611.3.2.2. Baby tied to a mill-stone by strap so he would not wander about; drags stone after him. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 31.

F611.3.2.3. F611.3.2.3. Precocious hero crushes iron wall with fists. India: Thompson-Balys.

F611.3.2.4. F611.3.2.4. Precocious hero jumps across river. (Cf. F614.11.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F611.3.2.5. F611.3.2.5. Small child beats giant challenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

F611.3.2.6. F611.3.2.6. Twelve year old hero captures town of father’s enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

F611.3.3. F611.3.3. Strong hero tests weapons. Breaks first swords. *Von Sydow Fвvne 22ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo III 305, *Boberg.

F611.3.3.0.1. F611.3.3.0.1. Precocious strong hero demands bows and arrows. (Cf. F611.3.3.) Type 650.

F611.3.3.1. F611.3.3.1. Hero tests sword by cutting steer in two. Chinese: Graham.

F611.3.3.2. F611.3.3.2. Strong hero tests scythes: they break all. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F611.4. F611.4. Precocious son saves kingdom. India: Thompson-Balys.

F612. F612. Strong hero sent from home. Irish myth: *Cross.

F612.1. F612.1. Strong hero sent from home because of enormous appetite. *Type 650; BP II 293; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 92; *Fb ”spise“ III 495b, ”жde“ III 1140a; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”appйtit“; Indonesian: De Vries Nederlandsche Tijdschrift voor Volkskunde XXX (1926) 97ff.; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 24.

F612.2. F612.2. Strong hero kills (overcomes) playmates: sent from home. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; French: Cosquin Lorraine No. 52; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 334ff.

F612.3. F612.3. Hero leaves home with giant equipment.

F612.3.1. F612.3.1. Giant cane for strong man. Cane holds fifty cattle. *Type 650; *Cosquin Contes indiens 482ff.; *Fb ”jжrn“ IV 249a; French: Cosquin Lorraine No. 52; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”bвton“; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXX 86; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 436.

F612.3.2. F612.3.2. Strong man with giant hammer and shield. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

F613. F613. Strong man makes labor contract. *Type 650; Irish myth: *Cross.

F613.1. F613.1. Strong man‘s labor contract: blow at end of year. Blow sends his master to sky. *Type 650; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *762.

F613.2. F613.2. Strong man’s labor contract: all grain he can carry. *Type 650; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 505--511, 520f., 523f.

F613.2.1. F613.2.1. Labor contract: as much money as my companion (strong man) can carry. Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 8.

F613.3. F613.3. Strong man‘s labor contract: anger bargain. First to become angry shall receive blow. *Type 650, 1000; BP II 293.

F613.4. F613.4. Strong man serves ogre as punishment for stealing food. *Type 650.

F614. F614. Strong man’s labors. Irish myth: Cross.

F614.1. F614.1. Strong man drives anvil into ground. *Type 650; BP II 293; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F614.2. F614.2. Strong man uproots tree and uses it as weapon. *Type 650; Dickson 179 n. 47; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F614.2.1. F614.2.1. Strong man uses pillar-stone as weapon. Irish myth: *Cross.

F614.2.2. F614.2.2. Strong man uses rafter as weapon. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F614.2.3. F614.2.3. Strong man buries axe in tree stump and removes it with his little finger. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F614.3. F614.3. Strong man as gardener: destroys plants. *Type 650; Finnish: Kalevala rune 31 (woods); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 77 No. 650.

F614.4. F614.4. Strong man as rower; breaks boat. Finnish: Kalevala rune 35.

F614.4.1. F614.4.1. Strong man as rower: rows one side of boat against many at other. Irish myth: Cross.

F614.5. F614.5. Strong man as fisherman: destroys fish and nets. Finnish: Kalevala rune 35; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F614.6. F614.6. Strong man throws trees on roof and breaks it. *Type 650; Chinese: Graham.

F614.6.1. F614.6.1. Strong man throws man back and breaks his bones (legs). Icelandic: *Boberg.

F614.7. F614.7. Strong man uses stable-roof as flail. Type 1031; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21.

F614.8. F614.8. Strong man fells tree with one blow of axe. India: Thompson-Balys.

F614.9. F614.9. Strong man clears plain. Irish myth: *Cross.

F614.10. F614.10. Strong hero fights whole army alone. India: Thompson-Balys.

F614.11. F614.11. Strong man jumps across rivers. (Cf. F611.3.2.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F614.12. F614.12. Youth crushes coins to powder with fingers. India: Thompson-Balys.

F615. F615. Strong man evades death. Vain attempts to kill him. *Type 590, 650.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 143, *Cross; Hindu: Keith 173 (Krishna); Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 24; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 391.

F615.0.1. F615.0.1. Death of strong man. Irish myth: *Cross.

F615.1. F615.1. Strong man sent to devil’s mill: drives devils to master‘s house. *Type 650.

F615.2. F615.2. Strong hero sent for wild animals. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F615.2.1. F615.2.1. Strong man sent to milk lions: brings lions back with him. *Type 590.

F615.2.2. F615.2.2. Strong man sent to kill lions: does so and frightens king. Greek: Fox 80 (Herakles).

F615.2.3. F615.2.3. Strong man sent for wild horses: brings them back. *Type 650.

F615.2.4. F615.2.4. Strong man sent for bears: bring them back home. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F615.2.5. F615.2.5. Strong man sent for wolves: brings them back home. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F615.3. F615.3. Strong hero overawes master. *Type 1145--1165 passim; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F615.3.1. F615.3.1. Strong hero attacked with millstone puts it on as collar. Sent to dig a well. Master throws the millstone on him. *Type 650; Fb ”kilde“ II 119a, ”mшllesten“ II 650b; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; India: Thompson-Balys; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 112 No. 39.

F615.3.1.1. F615.3.1.1. Strong hero asks that chickens stop scratching. When his master throws millstone on him he complains that chickens are scratching dirt on him. *Type 650; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 435f.

F615.3.1.2. F615.3.1.2. Camels having fallen from sky into girl’s eyes; she tells her mother that some grains of sand have fallen down from sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

F615.4. F615.4. Spear bends as it strikes hero on chest and he survives ordeal. India: Thompson-Balys.

F616. F616. Mighty pugilist. Greek: Grote I 156.

F617. F617. Mighty wrestler. Africa (Bulu): Krug 106.

F617.1. F617.1. Extraordinary strength; elephant-wrestler. India: Thompson-Balys.

F618. F618. Strong man tames animals.

F618.1. F618.1. Strong hero tames ungovernable horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

F621. F621. Strong man: tree-puller. Can uproot and carry off trees. (Cf. F611.3.1, F614.2.) *Type 513; BP II 79ff.; *Fb ”trж“ III 867b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”arbres“; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 13; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Dixon 90, Beckwith Myth 421; Samoa: Ibid. 254; Tonga: Gifford 127; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 3/1323).

F621.1. F621.1. Trees pulled up by animals. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”arbres“

F621.2. F621.2. Trees pulled up by giant. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”arbres“; Westphalian: Zaunert Westfдlische 7, 8, 11; India: Thompson-Balys.

F621.2.1. F621.2.1. Trees pulled up and thrust into the ground upside down by Antichrist, a giant. Irish myth: Cross.

F621.2.2. F621.2.2. Giant polishes teeth with uprooted tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

F621.3. F621.3. Tree as strong man‘s umbrella. India: Thompson-Balys.

F622. F622. Mighty blower. Man turns mill with his blowing. (Cf. X935.) *Type 513; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 432a n. 55.--Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 8, Rotunda; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”souffle“, ”moulin.“

F622.1. F622.1. Mighty blower slows down princess with his breath. Causes her to lose race. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F622.2. F622.2. Mighty blower blows firebrand so that sparks fly far, blows seawaves back and forth. Irish myth: *Cross.

F623. F623. Strong man holds up mountain. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”montagne“, ”appuiemontagne“; Jewish: Neuman.

F624. F624. Mighty lifter. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Flateyjarbok I 523--24, MacCulloch Eddic 82, 93, Snorra Edda Prol. III, *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F624.0.1. F624.0.1. Saint as mighty lifter. (Cf. V220.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F624.1. F624.1. Strong man lifts horse (ox, ass). Fb ”stжrk“; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 250; Gaster Exempla 203 No. 92; Greek: Fox 100 (Theseus); Jewish: Neuman.

F624.1.1. F624.1.1. Strong man throws elephant across sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

F624.1.2. F624.1.2. Strong man throws walrus. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 178.

F624.1.3. F624.1.3. Strong man throws leopard. Jewish: *Neuman.

F624.2. F624.2. Strong man lifts large stone. Irish myth: Cross (F624.7); Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

F624.2.0.1. F624.2.0.1. Strong man throws enormous stone. Greek: Odyssey XIII 184, IX 482, X 120, Iliad XII 381.

F624.2.0.1.1. F624.2.0.1.1. Strong man throws mountain. (Cf. F623, F626.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F624.2.0.2. F624.2.0.2. Strong man moves enormous rock. Marquesas: Handy 105.

F624.2.1. F624.2.1. Strong man lifts millstone. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”arracheur.“

F624.2.2. F624.2.2. Strong man lifts large stone with one hand. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F624.3. F624.3. Strong hero lifts cart. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”charrette.“

F624.3.1. F624.3.1. Strong man throws carriage with horses and driver on top of haystack and breaks the driver’s ribs. Icelandic: Boberg.

F624.4. F624.4. Strong man lifts plow. Fb ”stжrk“; German: Grimm No. 90.

F624.5. F624.5. Strong man lifts ton of rye. Fb ”stжrk.“

F624.6. F624.6. Strong hero lifts house. Irish myth: *Cross.

F624.7. F624.7. Strong man carries boat (ship). Tonga: Gifford 127; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/403).

F624.8. F624.8. Strong man throws opponent into the air. Icelandic: *Boberg; Tonga: Gifford 122.

F624.9. F624.9. Little girl moves enormous bow which nobody could ever carry before. India: Thompson-Balys.

F624.10. F624.10. Strong man carries bellows. Chinese: Graham.

F625. F625. Strong man: breaker of iron. (Cf. X946.) *Fb ”stжrk“ (bends horseshoe); Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 524, Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”Brise-Fer“; India: Thompson-Balys.

F625.1. F625.1. Hero drives spear through seven iron plates. India: Thompson-Balys.

F626. F626. Strong man pulls down mountains. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21.

F626.1. F626.1. Strong man flattens hill (lops off hilltop). Irish myth: *Cross.

F626.2. F626.2. Strong man kicks mountain down. Marquesas: Handy 105.

F627. F627. Strong man pulls down building. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Judges 16: 30 (Samson), *Neuman.

F628. F628. Strong man as mighty slayer. (Cf. F615.2.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F628.0.1. F628.0.1. Precocious strong hero as mighty slayer. (Cf. F611.3.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F628.1. F628.1. Strong man kills animals with own hands. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F628.1.0.1. F628.1.0.1. Strong man slays monster. Tears heart out. Irish myth: *Cross.

F628.1.1. F628.1.1. Strong man kills lion with own hands. English: Child V 487 s.v. ”lion“, Wells 151 (Richard Coer de Lyon); Hebrew: Judges 14: 6 (Samson); India: Thompson-Balys.

F628.1.1.1. F628.1.1.1. Strong man kills tiger single-handed. India: Thompson-Balys.

F628.1.1.2. F628.1.1.2. Strong man kills leopard. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 125f.

F628.1.1.3. F628.1.1.3. Strong man kills jaguar. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 687.

F628.1.1.4. F628.1.1.4. Strong man kills bear. Jewish: Neuman.

F628.1.1.5. F628.1.1.5. Strong man kills wolves in sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F628.1.2. F628.1.2. Man kills ox with flat of hand. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No 250.

F628.1.2.1. F628.1.2.1. Man kills cow with flat of hand. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 144.

F628.1.2.2. F628.1.2.2. Man swings wild steer by horns round and round till it is stunned, casts it to ground. Jewish: Neuman.

F628.1.3. F628.1.3. Strong man kills great serpent. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 116.

F628.1.3.1. F628.1.3.1. Man kills serpents, toads, dragons with own hands. Irish myth: *Cross.

F628.1.3.2. F628.1.3.2. Child tears to pieces a live snake with his bare hands. (Cf. F611.3.2.) Greek: Fox 79 (Hercules); India: Thompson-Balys.

F628.1.4. F628.1.4. Strong hero kills aquatic animal with own hands.

F628.1.4.1. F628.1.4.1. Strong hero kills many crocodiles with own hands. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1365.

F628.1.4.2. F628.1.4.2. Strong hero kills sharks with own hands. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 421.

F628.1.4.3. F628.1.4.3. Strong hero kills walrus with own hands. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 263.

F628.1.5. F628.1.5. Strong man kills giant dog. Tonga: Gifford 137.

F628.1.6. F628.1.6. Strong hero fells two maddened elephants. India: Thompson-Balys.

F628.2. F628.2. Strong man kills men. Dickson 180; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F628.2.1. F628.2.1. Strong man kills many men at once. *Boje 103; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Judges 14: 19 (Samson), *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 417, Rarotonga: ibid. 253; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 126.

F628.2.2. F628.2.2. Strong man throws another from walls. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 238 n. 3.

F628.2.3. F628.2.3. Strong man kills giant. Type 650* (Cf. F639.4.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 38; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 686.

F628.2.4. F628.2.4. Army of strong men. Irish myth: Cross.

F628.2.5. F628.2.5. Strong man kills men with own hands. Irish myth: Cross.

F628.2.6. F628.2.6. Strong man kills many with hammer. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F628.2.7. F628.2.7. Strong man uses man as weapon. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F628.2.8. F628.2.8. Strong man kills robber with a snap of his finger. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

F628.2.10. F628.2.10. Strong man cleaves horse and rider in two with sword. India: Thompson-Balys.

F628.3. F628.3. Strong man slays spectre. Irish myth: *Cross.

F628.4. F628.4. Strong man’s mighty spear-cast (sword blow). Irish myth: *Cross.

F628.4.1. F628.4.1. Strong man plunges sword into stone. Irish myth: *Cross.

F628.5. F628.5. Strong hero wields many weapons at once. Irish myth: *Cross.

F631. F631. Strong man carries giant load. (Cf. F531.3.10, F624.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F631.1. F631.1. Strong man drags mill. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”moulin“.

F631.2. F631.2. Strong man carries off city gates. Jewish: Judges 16: 3, *Neuman.

F631.2.1. F631.2.1. Strong man carries off door-frame and frame of smoke-hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

F631.3. F631.3. Strong man swims carrying fifty (many) companions. Irish myth: *Cross.

F631.4. F631.4. Strong man carries ox on the back. Icelandic: Boberg.

F631.5. F631.5. Strong man carries heavy oxhide on the hand. Icelandic: Boberg.

F631.6. F631.6. Strong man carries huge beam.

F631.6.1. F631.6.1. Strong men knock on door with beam of twenty elbow-lengths. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F631.6.2. F631.6.2. Man carries a beam eighteen feet in length and cuts path through jungle at same time. India: Thompson-Balys.

F632. F632. Mighty eater. Eats whole ox at time, or the like. (Cf. X931.) *Cosquin Contes indiens 427ff.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 250.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 88, 93, Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 419; Tonga: ibid. 271, Gifford 172f.; Marquesas: Handy 42; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/620); S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 142; Africa (Fang): Tessman 117, (Wute): Sieber 117.

F633. F633. Mighty drinker. Drinks up whole pools of water, or the like. (Cf. X932.) *Type 513; BP II 79ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 159; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 259; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 345ff.; Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 246.

F634. F634. Mighty fisherman. Palm tree as rod, elephant as bait. India: Thompson-Balys.

F634.1. F634.1. Strong man bathing and diving in river catches thousands of fishes in his beard. (Cf. X1112.) Jewish: Neuman.

F635. F635. Remarkable spitter. Spits lake of soap. (Cf. F934). Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5.

F636. F636. Remarkable thrower. (Cf. F531.3.2., F624.0.1, F624.3.1, F624.8, F628.2.2, F628.4, X943.) Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1172; Hawaii: Beckwith 421; Samoa: ibid. 254.

F636.1. F636.1. Remarkable thrower of iron. Makes field full of scissors. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5.

F636.2. F636.2. Remarkable thrower of chips. Makes forest. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5.

F636.3. F636.3. Remarkable pourer of water. Makes a river. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5.

F636.4. F636.4. Remarkable stone-thrower. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5; Jewish: *Neuman.

F636.4.1. F636.4.1. Hero throws up a stone: before it falls, he drinks a full jar empty. India: Thompson-Balys.

F636.4.2. F636.4.2. Strong man catches stones hurled from catapults by enemy and throws them back upon the besiegers. Jewish: *Neuman.

F636.4.3. F636.4.3. Strong man‘s stone-throw carries away roof-timber. Irish myth: Cross.

F636.5. F636.5. Hero catches a giant jug and pitches it about. India: Thompson-Balys.

F637. F637. Strong man holds back ship. Alphabet No. 493.--Jewish: Neuman.

F638. F638. Mighty archer. Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 428; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F638.1. F638.1. Arrow shot thirty miles high. India: Thompson-Balys.

F638.2. F638.2. Arrow shot down years after the shot. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F638.3. F638.3. Man is waiting for bird to fall that he had shot eight days before. India: Thompson-Balys.

F638.4. F638.4. Strong man shoots arrow as far as otherworld. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1004.

F639. F639. Extraordinary powers--miscellaneous.

F639.1. F639.1. Mighty digger.

F639.1.1. F639.1.1. Mighty digger of tunnels. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq II 171ff.

F639.1.2. F639.1.2. Strong man’s finger digs into ground with such force that water gushes out. Jewish: Neuman.

F639.2. F639.2. Mighty diver. Can stay extraordinary time under water. Africa (Ziba): Rehse Zs. f. Kolonialspr. III 366f. No. 30, (Madagascar): Renel I 102ff. No. 15, (Malinke): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 145ff. No. 81.

F639.3. F639.3. Strong man‘s shield-cast annihilates fleeing enemy and chariot. Irish myth: *Cross.

F639.4. F639.4. Strong man overcomes giant. (Cf. F628.2.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F639.5. F639.5. Strong man kicks through heavy door. Irish myth: Cross.

F639.6. F639.6. Strong man tears boat apart with hands. Irish myth: Cross.

F639.7. F639.7. Man presses out twelve measures of oil without the help of bullocks. India: Thompson-Balys.

F639.8. F639.8. Palace shakes when strong man gets upon its roof. India: Thompson-Balys.

F639.9. F639.9. Strong man crushes ribs of person he embraces. India: Thompson-Balys.

F639.10. F639.10. Strong man’s anger: bites brass rods in anger and spits them out as powder. Jewish: *Neuman.

F639.11. F639.11. Strong man grinds huge rocks into powder. Jewish: Neuman.

F639.12. F639.12. Nine hundred horses draw chariot in which strong man rides. Jewish: Neuman.

F640. F640. Extraordinary powers of perception. Penzer VI 285; Icelandic: Boberg.

F641. F641. Person of remarkable hearing. (Cf. X936.) *Type 513; BP II 79ff. *95; Fb ”jord“ II 45a; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”ouie“; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5, III No. 8; Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 428.

F641.1. F641.1. Man can hear grass (wool) grow. *Type 513; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 432a n. 55; *BP II 95ff.; *Fb ”hшre“ I 755b, IV 238b;--Icelandic: Boberg; Irish: Hyde Beside the Fire (London 1890) 23; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”avoine“.

F641.2. F641.2. Man can hear ant leave nest fifty miles away. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F641.3. F641.3. Man can hear one sleeping by putting ear to ground. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F642. F642. Person of remarkable sight. (Cf. X938.) *Type 653; BP II 95, III 45ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 439; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 432b. n. 54; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F642.1. F642.1. Remarkable star-gazer. Sees birds in nest in distant tree. *Type 653; BP III 45, *57; Kцhler-Bolte I 298f; India: Thompson-Balys.

F642.2. F642.2. Person of remarkable sight finds tracks of swine stolen seven years before his birth. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F642.3. F642.3. Person can see through opaque objects.

F642.3.1. F642.3.1. Person of remarkable sight can see through hearts of trees. Greek: Fox 26 (Lynkeus).

F642.3.2. F642.3.2. Remarkable sight of sage lets him see worm in loaf. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F642.3.3. F642.3.3. Blind man is able to see two unborn rats within mother rat. Korean: Zong in-Sob.

F642.4. F642.4. Person sees equally well by night or day. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 154, Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 886.

F642.5. F642.5. Man can see celestial nymphs dancing in divine world. India: Thompson-Balys.

F642.6. F642.6. One-eyed barber sees thread of silk stretching to sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

F642.7. F642.7. Person of remarkable sight can see the soul. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F642.8. F642.8. Person sees enormous distance. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 154, Boberg; Greek: Grote I 158; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 493.

F645. F645. Marvelously wise man.

F645.1. F645.1. Wise man answers all questions. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq II 171ff.

F645.2. F645.2. Man knows exactly how many grains are in a measure. Jewish: Neuman.

F647. F647. Marvelous sensitiveness. *Penzer VI 219, 288, VII 204ff.; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 265ff., *Boberg.

F647.1. F647.1. Marvelous sensitiveness: meat (wine) tastes of corpse. Has been near grave. Italian novella: Rotunda (J1661.1.8.); India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 288; Jewish: Neuman; Korean: Zong in-Sob 102 No. 55.

F647.1.1. F647.1.1. Extraordinary gustatory sense. Woman detects flavor of garlic in a sauce made in a mortar from which garlic has been removed. Spanish: Childers.

F647.2. F647.2. Marvelous sensitiveness: suffering from merely seeing work done. *Penzer VII 204ff.

F647.3. F647.3. Marvelous sensitiveness: injury from rose leaves falling. (Cf. F647.9.) *Penzer VII 204ff.; BP III 238.

F647.4. F647.4. Marvelous sensitiveness: women blush in presence of male statue. *Penzer VII 204ff.; BP III 238.

F647.4.1. F647.4.1. Marvelous sensitiveness: woman refuses to look at male fish. *BP III 238.

F647.5. F647.5. Marvelous sensitiveness: woman smells like a goat. She has been brought up on goat’s milk. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 219.

F647.5.1. F647.5.1. Marvelous sensitiveness: meat is dog‘s flesh. Animal has been suckled by a dog. *Type 655; *Gaster Exempla 195 No. 51; India: Thompson-Balys.

F647.5.2. F647.5.2. Marvelous sensitiveness: food has been raised in particular kind of manure. India: Thompson-Balys.

F647.5.3. F647.5.3. Marvelous sensitiveness: man recognizes milk of his stolen cows. India: Thompson-Balys.

F647.6. F647.6. Marvelous sensitiveness: wine shows through woman’s white throat. *Kцhler-Bolte II 348ff.; *BP III 238.

F647.7. F647.7. Marvelous sensitiveness: ulcer from moon‘s rays. *BP III 238; Penzer VII 11.

F647.8. F647.8. Marvelous sensitiveness: fainting from noise of wooden pestle and mortar. *BP III 238.

F647.8.1. F647.8.1. Marvelous sensitiveness: fracture from hearing man chopping wood. *BP III 238.

F647.8.1.1. F647.8.1.1. Marvelous sensitiveness: stitch in side from being told about hearing a man chopping wood. *BP III 238.

F647.9. F647.9. Marvelous sensitiveness: blister on back from lying in rose leaves. (Cf. F647.3.) *BP III 238.

F647.9.1. F647.9.1. Prince thinks he has slept on a beam; a hair is found on lower bedding. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F647.9.2. F647.9.2. Marvelous sensitiveness: man feels little point of simple thorn in middle of his clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F647.10. F647.10. Marvelous sensitiveness: man refuses to eat fifth descendent of stolen cow. Alphabet No. 301.

F647.11. F647.11. Marvelous sensitiveness: clarified butter was someone’s leavings. India: Thompson-Balys.

F647.12. F647.12. Girl (princess) so delicate she can live only on the perfume of flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

F648. F648. Extraordinary sympathy (telepathic) with wild animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

F651. F651. Remarkable power to walk directly to nearest water. Irish myth: Cross.

F652. F652. Marvelous sense of smell. (Cf. F647.5.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F652.1. F652.1. Man identifies picker of berries by their scent. Irish myth: Cross.

F652.2. F652.2. Man smells pots boiling 400 miles off. Jewish: Neuman.

F654. F654. Remarkable power of recognition. Man remembers all people he has met. (Cf. F692.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 908.

F655. F655. Extraordinary perception of blind men.

F655.1. F655.1. Blind man able to recognize real pearls by their smell, diamonds by touch, a good horse by screwing its ears, and raja of noble birth by his generosity. India: Thompson-Balys.

F655.2. F655.2. Blind tiger recognizes by man‘s voice that he is a hypocrite. India: Thompson-Balys.

F660. F660. Remarkable skill. *Types 653, 653*; BP III 45ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F660.1. F660.1. Brothers acquire extraordinary skill. Return home and are tested. *Types 653, 654, 1525; *BP III 10, 45ff., 379ff., 390 n. 1; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

F660.2. F660.2. Unskilled man made skillful by saint‘s blessing. *Loomis White Magic 72, 82.

F660.2.1. F660.2.1. Follower of a saint is miraculously made a famous preacher. India: Thompson-Balys.

F661. F661. Skillful marksman. *Types 304, 653; *BP II 503ff., III 45ff.; Fb ”skytte“ III 350a; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chasseur“; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5, III No. 8, V No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1071.

F661.1. F661.1. Skillful marksman shoots meat from giant‘s hands. *Type 304; *BP II 505.

F661.2. F661.2. Skillful marksman shoots pipe from man’s mouth. Type 1708*.

F661.3. F661.3. Skillful marksman shoots apple from man‘s head. Tell. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. ”Meisterschuss Tell“; Fb ”жble“ III 1136a; English: Child III 17f., 28; Icelandic: Boberg.

F661.3.1. F661.3.1. Skillful marksman shoots spear through nose-ring. India: Thompson-Balys.

F661.4. F661.4. Skillful marksman shoots eggs scattered over table. *Type 653.

F661.4.1. F661.4.1. Archer shoots eggs through middle. India: Thompson-Balys.

F661.4.2. F661.4.2. Archer shoots and marks egg in nest without breaking it or disturbing other eggs. India: Thompson-Balys.

F661.4.3. F661.4.3. Skillful marksman can hit egg from great distance. Africa: Weeks Jungle 43.

F661.5. F661.5. Skillful marksman shoots animal (man) through eye.

F661.5.1. F661.5.1. Skillful marksman shoots serpent through left eye. Chinese: Werner 182.

F661.5.2. F661.5.2. Skillful marksman shoots bird through eye. *Fb ”skytte“ III 350a.--Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1123.

F661.5.3. F661.5.3. Skillful marksman shoots left eye of fly at two miles. *Type 513.

F661.5.4. F661.5.4. Skillful marksman shoots both eyes of an ogre. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 7.

F661.5.5. F661.5.5. Marvelous marksman can shoot eye off needle at quarter-mile distance. Korean: Zong in-Sob.

F661.6. F661.6. Skillful bowman shoots crater of Vesuvius open. *Fb ”bue“ IV 76b.

F661.7. F661.7. Skillful marksman throws needles. One enters eye of the other so as to form a straight line. Irish myth: *Cross.

F661.7.1. F661.7.1. Skillful marksman throws rushes into a curtain. The first remains and each following one lodges in the one before and remains attached to it. Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt II 294.

F661.7.2. F661.7.2. Skillful marksman throws swords and scabbards so that swords are sheathed in air. Irish myth: Cross.

F661.7.3. F661.7.3. One arrow shot into end of last one to make rope of arrows. Melanesia: Codrington 373, 397.

F661.8. F661.8. Skillful marksman casts lance through ring. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18, Carriиre.

F661.8.1. F661.8.1. Skillful marksman casts lance through hole in leaf. Irish myth: Cross.

F661.9. F661.9. Skillful marksman grazes ear of sleeping person and awakens him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F661.9.1. F661.9.1. Husband shoots arrows, barely missing wife’s ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

F661.10. F661.10. Man shoots pearls from wife‘s nose-ring. India: Thompson-Balys.

F661.11. F661.11. Skillful archer uses arrow as boomerang. India: Thompson-Balys.

F661.12. F661.12. Hero shoots arrow and cuts thread. India: Thompson-Balys.

F662. F662. Skillful tailor.

F662.0.1. F662.0.1. Woman skillful in sewing. Chinese: Graham.

F662.0.1.1. F662.0.1.1. Woman sews nine garments at a time with one needle. Chinese: Graham.

F662.1. F662.1. Skillful tailor sews up broken eggs. *Type 653; Africa: Weeks Jungle 43.

F662.1.1. F662.1.1. Birds hatched from broken eggs repaired by skillful tailor have red line around necks. This indicates where eggs were broken. *Type 653; India: Thompson-Balys.

F662.2. F662.2. Skillful tailor sews together scattered planks in capsizing boat. *Type 653; India: Thompson-Balys.

F662.3. F662.3. Skillful tailor sews bean together after bean has split from laughing. German: Grimm No. 18.

F663. F663. Skillful smith. (Cf. F271.3.) *Fb ”smed“ III 402ab; Krappe Archiv fьr das Studium der neueren Sprachen CLX (1931) 166ff., CLXI (1932) 1--9; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F663.0.1. F663.0.1. Skillful smith calls self master of all masters. *Type 753; *BP III 198; *Fb ”mester“ II 584a.

F663.1. F663.1. Skillful smith shoes running horse. *Type 654; *BP III 10; *Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 20.

F663.2. F663.2. Clever smith makes needle that pierces anvil. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1273.

F664. F664. Skillful flayer.

F664.1. F664.1. Skillful flayer skins running rabbit. *Type 654; *Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 20.

F664.1.1. F664.1.1. Woman flays running deer. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 197.

F665. F665. Skillful barber.

F665.1. F665.1. Skillful barber shaves running hare. *Type 654; *BP III 10ff.

F666. F666. Skillful axe-man. Cuts down trees with single stroke, and the like. *Kittredge Gawain 199 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross.

F666.1. F666.1. Skillful axe-man makes spear-shafts with three chippings. Also at the same time sets them into the spear-rings. Irish myth: *Cross.

F667. F667. Skillful fencer (swordsman).

F667.1. F667.1. Skillful fencer keeps sword dry in rain. Swings it so fast. *Type 654; *BP III 10ff.

F667.2. F667.2. Man able to strike every arrow with his sword and reduce it to splinters. India: Thompson-Balys.

F667.3. F667.3. Expert swordsman cuts clothes bag in two. (Cf. F611.3.3.1) Chinese: Graham.

F668. F668. Skillful surgeon. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

F668.0.1. F668.0.1. Skillful physician. Irish myth: *Cross; Africa (Konde): Gemuseus und Berger ZsES XXIII 151f. No. 13.

F668.1. F668.1. Skillful surgeon removes and replaces vital organs. (Cf. X1721.2.) *Type 660; *BP II 552.

F668.2. F668.2. Skillful surgeon removes speck from midge’s eye. Does it with one stroke without injuring midge. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F668.3. F668.3. Man can transplant feather from one bird to another. Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 428.

F668.4. F668.4. Skillful surgeon can tell by whom wound was inflicted. Irish myth: Cross.

F668.5. F668.5. New arm made from another man‘s arm bone. Irish myth: Cross.

F671. F671. Skillful shipbuilder. Irish myth: Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 7.

F671.1. F671.1. Rapid boat-builder can build boat in twinkling of an eye. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq II 171ff.

F673. F673. Man can keep together feathers in great wind. *Type 654; *Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 20.

F674. F674. Skillful painter. Can paint from description of a dream. Type 516; Rosch FFC LXXVII 97.

F675. F675. Ingenious carpenter. Penzer III 282--4, 296--300; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F675.1. F675.1. King makes a wooden peacock machine for his son. India: Thompson-Balys.

F675.2. F675.2. Moonmakers make new moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

F675.3. F675.3. Carpenter constructs house of sandalwood which will go wherever owner commands. India: Thompson-Balys.

F675.4. F675.4. Skillful carpenter constructs large palace overnight. India: Thompson-Balys.

F676. F676. Skillful thief. (Cf. K301.)

F676.1. F676.1. Thief can eat from man‘s plate during dinner without detection. India: Thompson-Balys.

F676.2. F676.2. Thief can cut soles off man’s boots without detection as he walks along road. India: Thompson-Balys.

F677. F677. Skillful tracker. Irish myth: Cross.

F677.1. F677.1. Skillful tracker infallible on land or sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F678. F678. Skillful milker.

F678.1. F678.1. Skillful milker milks cows incessantly. Irish myth: Cross.

F679. F679. Remarkable skill--miscellaneous.

F679.1. F679.1. Remarkable herdsman. Sits on mountain top. Cows come from great distance at his call. Irish myth: Cross.

F679.2. F679.2. Man can lengthen swords by twirling them between his fingers. Irish myth: Cross.

F679.3. F679.3. Man can walk (stand) on weapon edge (point) without injury. Can catch sharp edges without being cut. Irish myth: *Cross.

F679.4. F679.4. Man can stand on barrel rolling down hill. Irish myth: Cross.

F679.5. F679.5. Skillful hunter. Irish myth: Cross.

F679.5.1. F679.5.1. Skillful hunter manages hounds. Irish myth: Cross.

F679.5.2. F679.5.2. Skillful hunter can tell from baying the succession of hounds and what quarry they pursue. Irish myth: Cross.

F679.5.3. F679.5.3. Man kills many tigers with one arrow-shot. S. A. Indian (Yurakare): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144.

F679.5.3.1. F679.5.3.1. Seven stags killed at one shot. India: Thompson-Balys.

F679.6. F679.6. Skillful cast of stone: carries away roof tree of burning house and so puts out fire. Irish myth: Cross.

F679.7. F679.7. Skillful gambler always wins. Whatever he earns in day he spends immediately. India: Thompson-Balys.

F679.8. F679.8. Skill at chess-playing. India: Thompson-Balys.

F679.9. F679.9. Skillful musician plays nine mouth harps at once. Chinese: Graham.

F680. F680. Other marvelous powers.

F681. F681. Marvelous runner. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 8; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: *Beckwith Myth 151, 337f.; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/928).

F681.1. F681.1. Marvelous runner keeps leg tied up. To prevent him from running away. *Type 513; *BP II 79ff.; *Fb ”ben“ IV 32b; Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 428; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 345ff.

F681.2. F681.2. Marvelous runner outstrips March wind. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 162.

F681.3. F681.3. Marvelous runner swift as thought. Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 81, 93, Boberg; N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Michelson JAFL XXIV 249.

F681.3.1. F681.3.1. Contest between runner swift as thought and one swift as sight. Former wins. N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Michelson JAFL XXIV 249.

F681.4. F681.4. Marvelous runner swift as sight. N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Michelson JAFL XXIV 249.

F681.5. F681.5. Marvelous runner can run round earth in five minutes. *Fb ”lшbe“ II 506.

F681.6. F681.6. Marvelous runner catches wild game on the run. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman.

F681.6.1. F681.6.1. Man can outstrip wild mare, hold her, and bridle her. Jewish: Neuman.

F681.7. F681.7. Marvelous runner runs backwards. Irish myth: Cross.

F681.8. F681.8. Marvelous runner captures two of every wild animal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F681.9. F681.9. Man who is too heavy for any horse walks faster than horseback riders. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F681.10. F681.10. Marvelous swift plower. Chinese: Graham.

F681.11. F681.11. Marvelous swift mower. Chinese: Graham.

F681.12. F681.12. Runner runs so swiftly that he does not snap the ears of wheat (bend grass). Latin: Virgil Aeneid VII 807 ff.; Jewish: Neuman.

F681.13. F681.13. Boy runs so fast snow makes rainbow behind him. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 255.

F682. F682. Man can stand all day on one foot. Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F682.0.1. F682.0.1. Person (warrior) uses only one leg, one hand, one eye. Irish myth: *Cross.

F683. F683. Sparks come from man‘s feet. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 190.

F683.1. F683.1. Sparks come from man’s hands. Irish myth: *Cross.

F683.1.1. F683.1.1. Fire drops from fingers of warrior whenever he wills it. Irish myth: Cross.

F684. F684. Marvelous jumper. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F684.1. F684.1. Marvelous climber. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F685. F685. Marvelous withstander of cold. Type 513.

F686. F686. Body with marvelous heat. Melts snow thirty feet around and serves as fuel for man‘s companions. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 198.

F686.1. F686.1. Cauldron warmed by breath of nine maidens. (Cf. D1171.2.) Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 95.

F686.2. F686.2. Room heated by crowded corpses kept on hand by ghoulish ogres. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 25.

F687. F687. Remarkable fragrance (odor) of person. Jewish: Neuman.

F688. F688. Man with marvelous voice. Jewish: *Neuman.

F688.1. F688.1. Man‘s voice shakes heavens. Chinese: Werner 305.

F688.2. F688.2. Man’s shout remains in air three days. Irish myth: Cross.

F688.3. F688.3. Voice heard over whole land. Jewish: *Neuman.

F688.4. F688.4. Walls fall because of great shout. Jewish: *Neuman.

F691. F691. Man can breathe nine days under water. *Ullrich Archiv fьr Literaturgeschichte XIV 69ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F691.0.1. F691.0.1. Hero battles under lake for a day and night. Irish myth: Cross.

F692. F692. Person with remarkable memory. (Cf. F654.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F692.1. F692.1. Whole epic remembered from one hearing. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 262f.

F693. F693. Wounds inflicted by certain man always fatal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F694. F694. Saint passes through closed doors. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F695. F695. Extraordinary reading ability. Irish myth: *Cross.

F695.1. F695.1. Reading without learning the alphabet. Irish myth: *Cross.

F695.2. F695.2. Extraordinary amount read in short time. Irish myth: Cross.

F695.3. F695.3. Learning to read in extraordinarily short time. *Loomis White Magic 24; Irish myth: *Cross.

F695.3.1. F695.3.1. Miraculous ability to learn to read and to write foreign language in short time. *Loomis White Magic 72, 114.

F696. F696. Marvelous swimmer. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F697. F697. Marvelous ball player. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F697.1. F697.1. Culture hero as marvelous ball player. Irish myth: *Cross.

F697.2. F697.2. Saint as marvelous ball player. Irish myth: Cross.

F698. F698. Marvelous juggler. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F698.1. F698.1. Hero throws ball, bat, dart (playthings) and catches them before they reach ground. Irish myth: *Cross.

F698.2. F698.2. Performing on spear points. Irish myth: Cross.

F698.3. F698.3. Catching 150 toy spears in shield. Irish myth: Cross.

F699. F699. Additional marvelous powers.

F699.1. F699.1. Marvelous dancer. India: Thompson-Balys.

F700--F899.

F700--F899. Extraordinary places and things.

F700. F700. Extraordinary places.

F701. F701. Land of plenty. Yields everything to heart‘s desire. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 588, 593, Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Hindu: Keith 144.

F701.1. F701.1. Milk and honey flow in land. Usener Kleinere Schriften IV 398; Jewish: *Neuman; Gaster Thespis 201.

F701.2. F701.2. Land of the Blessed. Everything as it should be. Jewish: *Neuman.

F702. F702. Land of fire. (Cf. F753, F756.1, F763, F771.1.11, F785.3.) Chauvin VII 57 No. 77.

F703. F703. Lands with extraordinary names. Land of the boot, the towel, the walking-stick, and the like. *Kцhler-Bolte I 421. Cf. Type 1940, BP III 129; Chinese: Werner 391.

F704. F704. Land of cold and mist. (Cf. A623.) Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 584ff., MacCulloch Eddic 281, 304, 324, 326, Boberg.

F705. F705. Artificial paradise and hell to punish and reward. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlni II 432.

F706. F706. Land of darkness. Krappe The Land of Darkness (Philol. Quarterly XXI [1942] 334--46); Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 595, 598, 599, MacCulloch Eddic 32, Boberg; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 152, *Neuman.

F707. F707. Extraordinary kingdom. (Cf. F760.)

F707.1. F707.1. Kingdom where everything is of gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

F707.2. F707.2. Kingdom where everything is of silver. India: Thompson-Balys.

F707.3. F707.3. Kingdom where everything is of diamond. India: Thompson-Balys.

F707.4. F707.4. Kingdom where everything is of pearl. India: Thompson-Balys.

F708. F708. Countries with one conspicuous lack.

F708.1. F708.1. Country without cats. *Types 1650, 1651; *BP II 69; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chats“, ”Alger“.

F708.2. F708.2. Country without grain. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”blй“.

F708.3. F708.3. Country without wine. Icelandic: Boberg.

F709. F709. Other extraordinary countries.

F709.1. F709.1. Country of the naked. Chavannes I 195--97, cf. Wesselski in Archiv Orientбlnн I (1929) p. 4.

F709.2. F709.2. Country of little girls. Icelandic: Boberg.

F709.3. F709.3. Country of thieves and impostors. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk II 73ff., Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxii; Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F710. F710. Extraordinary bodies of water.

F710.1. F710.1. Water resembling fire. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 14.

F711. F711. Extraordinary sea. (Cf. D911.)

F711.1. F711.1. Sea issues from marvelous cask. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”tonneau“.

F711.2. F711.2. Sea of unusual substance.

F711.2.1. F711.2.1. Sea of milk. (Cf. F713.4, F715.2.3.) India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer II 151.

F711.2.2. F711.2.2. Sea of cream. India: Thompson-Balys.

F711.2.3. F711.2.3. Sea of pumice. Tonga: Gifford 149, Beckwith Myth 287.

F711.2.4. F711.2.4. Sea of slime. Tonga: Gifford 149.

F711.2.5. F711.2.5. Sea of honey. (Cf. F715.2.4.) Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 246.

F711.3. F711.3. Sea of unusual color.

F711.3.1. F711.3.1. White sea. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 287.

F711.3.2. F711.3.2. Red sea. Tonga: Gifford 141, Beckwith Myth 287.

F711.4. F711.4. Fresh water in sea.

F711.4.1. F711.4.1. Stream of fresh water flows through the sea. Jewish: *Neuman.

F711.4.2. F711.4.2. Well hidden in sea. (Cf. D926.) Jewish: Neuman.

F711.5. F711.5. Aroma of sea as of wine. Jewish: Neuman.

F711.6. F711.6. Sea with fishes with bodies like men and sharp razor-like snouts. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 723.

F713. F713. Extraordinary pond (lake). Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F713.1. F713.1. Pond of ambrosia. Japanese: Anesaki 242.

F713.2. F713.2. Bottomless lakes (pools, etc.). *Fb ”bundlшs“; JAFL V 329; FL III 70.

F713.2.1. F713.2.1. Extremely deep water. Axe seven years reaching bottom. Jewish: *Neuman.

F713.3. F713.3. Lake monster turning over causes lake to overflow surrounding mountains. Irish myth: Cross.

F713.4. F713.4. Pond of milk. (Cf. F711.2.1, F715.2.3.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

F713.5. F713.5. Pond always clear because deity uses it for his bath. India: Thompson-Balys.

F713.6. F713.6. Lake of blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

F715. F715. Extraordinary river. (Cf. D915.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F715.1. F715.1. Extraordinary source of river.

F715.1.1. F715.1.1. River issues from magic nut. (Cf. D985, F718.12.) Fb ”nшd“ II 719a.

F715.1.2. F715.1.2. River issues from pillar. Dickson 222 n. 18.

F715.1.3. F715.1.3. River from man’s finger. Jewish: Neuman.

F715.1.4. F715.1.4. River flows from man‘s head. Jewish: Neuman.

F715.1.5. F715.1.5. River flows from man’s mouth. Jewish: Neuman.

F715.2. F715.2. River of extraordinary fluid. Irish myth: Cross.

F715.2.1. F715.2.1. River of blood. Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian (Creek): Alexander N. Am. 71; India: Thompson-Balys.

F715.2.2. F715.2.2. River of mercury. Chauvin V 41 No. 388.

F715.2.3. F715.2.3. River of milk. (Cf. F711.2.1, F713.4, F814.6.) Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 80; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F715.2.4. F715.2.4. River of honey. (Cf. F711.2.5.) Africa (Hausa): Tremearne Hausa Superstitions and Customs (London, 1913) 424ff. No. 93.

F715.2.5. F715.2.5. River of tears. Rose Classical Review XLII 28, 171.

F715.3. F715.3. Rivers with marvelous underground connections. Euphrates, Tigris, Tiber, and River Boant really the same which flow through oceans and underground. Irish: Todd Lecture Series X 29 (Metrical Dindshenchas), *Cross.

F715.3.1. F715.3.1. Undersea river. (Cf. F718.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F715.3.2. F715.3.2. Marvelous stream containing little black fish bursts forth from mountain. (Cf. A934.9.) Irish myth: Cross.

F715.4. F715.4. Stream runs through house. *Schoepperle II 302 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross.

F715.5. F715.5. River which never freezes. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 276.

F715.6. F715.6. River that burns like fire. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F715.7. F715.7. River which petrifies anyone passing through it. India: Thompson-Balys.

F715.8. F715.8. Kingdom where seven rivers meet. India: Thompson-Balys.

F715.9. F715.9. Red river. India: Thompson-Balys; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 8, 48.

F715.10. F715.10. River whose specific gravity is so slight nothing can float on it. (Cf. F716.2.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1156.

F716. F716. Extraordinary fountain. (Cf. D925.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F716.1. F716.1. Fountain gives water on Wednesdays and Fridays. Milk on Sunday and wine on feast-days. Patch PMLA XXXIII 620 n. 66; Irish myth: *Cross.

F716.1.1. F716.1.1. Fountain has taste of wine. (Cf. F718.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F716.2. F716.2. Spring with water lighter than wood and with scent of violets. (Cf. F715.10.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. ”Glassarg“.

F716.3. F716.3. Fountain hot or cold as desired. Irish myth: Cross.

F716.4. F716.4. Fountain jet which remains immovable. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (F933.3).

F716.5. F716.5. Musical fountain in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

F717. F717. Extraordinary pool. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 599.

F717.1. F717.1. Pool paved with gold. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”or“.

F717.2. F717.2. Poison pool. Icelandic: Boberg.

F718. F718. Extraordinary well. (Cf. D926.) Jewish: Neuman.

F718.1. F718.1. Well located under sea. (Cf. F715.3.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F718.2. F718.2. Perfectly round well contains vari-colored water. Irish myth: *Cross.

F718.3. F718.3. Well of wine. (Cf. F716.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F718.4. F718.4. Well water tastes like oil, wine, and honey. Irish myth: *Cross.

F718.5. F718.5. Well shines at night. Irish myth: Cross.

F718.6. F718.6. Well overflow cannot be seen. Irish myth: Cross.

F718.7. F718.7. Well flows full on Sunday. Irish myth: Cross.

F718.8. F718.8. Extraordinary well of blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

F718.9. F718.9. Glittering well. India: Thompson-Balys.

F718.10. F718.10. Well in shape of a sieve-like rock, out of which water gushes forth. (Cf. D926.) Jewish: Neuman.

F718.11. F718.11. Well shoots up high as pillars, and discharges itself into navigable streams. (Cf. D926.) Jewish: Neuman.

F718.12. F718.12. Origin of springs from broken coconut shell. (Cf. F715.1.1.) Tonga: Gifford 101.

F720. F720. Submarine and subterranean world.

F721. F721. Subterranean world. See entire section F80--F109, Journey to lower world. Irish myth: Cross; German: Grimm No. 163; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”monde“.

F721.1. F721.1. Underground passages. Journey made through natural subways. *Fb ”lцngang“ II 515; Missouri French: Carriиre; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 47 Nos. 89**, 98; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 136 No. 98; Gaster Oldest Stories 48.

F721.1.1. F721.1.1. Tunnel of crystal four miles long. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 2.

F721.2. F721.2. Habitable hill. *Type 870; *Fb ”hцj“ I 740ab, ”trold“ III 852a; Winter Die deutsche Schatzsage 47; Hartland Science 170, 173, 177, 217; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1049f. s.v. ”Berg“; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 363.

F721.2.1. F721.2.1. Habitable hill raised on four pillars. *Fb ”hцj“ I 750a.

F721.2.2. F721.2.2. Monster guards door of habitable hill. Chinese: Werner 183.

F721.2.3. F721.2.3. Sorcerer and books in mountain. Opens only for short periods. Chauvin V 142 No. 69 n. 1.

F721.3. F721.3. Underground kingdom.

F721.3.1. F721.3.1. King of underground kingdom. India: Thompson-Balys.

F721.3.2. F721.3.2. Underground kingdom reached in a box which was swallowed by a dragon and later released. India: Thompson-Balys.

F721.4. F721.4. Underground treasure chambers. *Type 676; *BP III 137; *Fb ”hцj“ I 740a; Chauvin V 10 No. 7, 60 No. 19 and passim; Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Graham.

F721.5. F721.5. Subterranean castle. *Fb ”slot“ III 376b; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 9, V No. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F721.5.1. F721.5.1. Underground palace full of jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

F725. F725. Submarine world. See all references under F133, Submarine otherworld. Ignacius Donnelly Atlantis: the Antediluvian World (New York, 1882); W. Scott-Elliot The Story of Atlantis, a Geographical, Historical and Ethnological Sketch (London, 1896); Spence The Problem of Atlantis (New York, 1925); E. M. Whishaw Atlantis in Andalucia (London, 1929); *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXV (1933) 107ff.; Penzer VII 19f.--India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 26; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/249, 441.); Maori: Clark 111; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 343 n. 236a.

F725.1. F725.1. Steps to submarine world. Tobler 76.

F725.2. F725.2. Submarine cities. Chauvin V 7 No. 3; Penzer VI 212ff., VII 19f.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 215 No. 73.

F725.3. F725.3. Submarine castle (palace). (Cf. F771.) *Fb ”slot“ III 376b; Penzer VI 280; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 197; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“, Comault. RTP III 103, Clouston Tales I 192ff.; Greek: Iliad XIII 22; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 314.

F725.3.1. F725.3.1. Submarine castle on a mountain. Patch PMLA XXXIII 611 n. 32.

F725.3.2. F725.3.2. Castle under lake. Irish myth: Cross.

F725.3.3. F725.3.3. Undersea house. Chinese: Graham.

F725.3.4. F725.3.4. Splendid palace underneath tank. India: Thompson-Balys.

F725.4. F725.4. Man lives under river. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F725.5. F725.5. People live under sea. Irish myth: *Cross.

F725.5.1. F725.5.1. Visit to people of village under lake. India: Thompson-Balys.

F725.6. F725.6. Bell brought from monastery under water. Irish myth: Cross.

F725.7. F725.7. Lovely garden under water, with marvelous tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

F725.8. F725.8. World at bottom of pond. German: Grimm No. 181.

F725.9. F725.9. World at bottom of well. German: Grimm Nos. 24, 79.

F730. F730. Extraordinary islands. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F731. F731. Island covered with treasure.

F731.1. F731.1. Island covered with gold. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”оle“; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VII 15 n. 3, 16ff.

F731.2. F731.2. Crystalline island. Arabian: Burton Nights S VII 234.

F731.3. F731.3. Island with rampart of gold and palisade of silver. Irish myth: *Cross.

F731.4. F731.4. Stones of island are jewels. Irish myth: Cross.

F731.5. F731.5. Island of amber (glass). Krappe Speculum XVIII (1943) 303--322.

F731.6. F731.6. Island of pearls. Jewish: Neuman.

F732. F732. Island of rare wood.

F732.1. F732.1. Island of ebony. Arabian: Burton Nights I 116.

F732.2. F732.2. Island of aloes. *Chauvin VII 22 No. 373E n. 7.

F732.3. F732.3. Island of camphor. *Chauvin VII 11 No. 373B n. 2; Penzer III 260 n. 1.

F733. F733. Fruitful island. Irish myth: Cross.

F734. F734. Otherworld island grows foot yearly. One tree added. Irish myth: Cross.

F735. F735. Island rises up in sea. Fb ”ш“ III 1159b.

F735.0.1. F735.0.1. Island rises up in river. Irish myth: Cross.

F735.0.2. F735.0.2. Island rises once every seven years. Irish myth: Cross.

F735.0.3. F735.0.3. Island appears only at certain times. Irish myth: *Cross.

F736. F736. Island with extraordinary support.

F736.1. F736.1. Island supported on four feet. Irish myth: *Cross.

F736.1.1. F736.1.1. Island supported on seven feet. Irish myth: Cross.

F736.2. F736.2. Otherworld island supported by pedestal. Irish myth: Cross.

F737. F737. Wandering island. Moves about at will and sometimes appears and disappears from sea. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 266 (Aeolia); Hawaii: Fornander Collection IV 518, V 678, VI 2531, Bechwith Myth 71f.

F738. F738. Flying island. Floats in sky. (Cf. F755.3.) Hawaii: Fornander Collection IV 518, V 678, VI 253. Cf. Gulliver‘s Travels, third voyage.

F741. F741. Islands of extraordinary color. Green, white, etc. Chauvin V 264 No. 154.

F742. F742. Magic invisibility of otherworld island. (Cf. D1980.) Irish myth: Cross.

F743. F743. Island inhabited by only one species.

F743.1. F743.1. Island inhabited only by birds. Irish myth: *Cross.

F743.2. F743.2. Island inhabited only be sheep. Irish myth: Cross.

F744. F744. Island surrounded by wall of fire; water prevents it from being consumed. India: Thompson-Balys.

F745. F745. Island with nightly noise of drums. *Chauvin VII 8 No. 373A n. 1.

F746. F746. No putrefaction on extraordinary island. Hair and nails of dead grow. Irish myth: Cross.

F747. F747. Extraordinary island upon which no sinner can die (be buried). Irish myth: Cross.

F748. F748. Battle of islands. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 389.

E750. Extraordinary mountains and other land features.

F751. F751. Glass mountain. *Fb ”glarbjжrg“ I 459f., IV 180b, ”heks“ I 582, ”jжrnsko“ II 63; *Types 400, 425, 451, 530; *BP I 233ff., III 111 n. 3; *Boberg Danske Studier (1928) 16--53; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. II 627; Kцhler-Bolte I 444; *Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30, Harvard Studies and Notes V 159, 171 and n. 3.

F752. F752. Mountain of treasure. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; India: Thompson-Balys.

F752.1. F752.1. Mountain of gold. Type 569; BP I 475; Penzer IV 138; Cosquin Lorraine No. 1 and notes; Icelandic: Boberg; Buddhist: Malalasekera I 1052, Cowell Jataka II 63, 270, 272, V 21, 221, 226.

F752.2. F752.2. Mountain of silver. Type 569; BP I 474; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman.

F752.2.1. F752.2.1. Silver not to be taken from mountain of silver on Sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

F752.3. F752.3. Mountain formed of a jewel. Patch PMLA XXXIII 607; Jacobs’s list s.v. ”Mountains of jewels“.

F752.3.1. F752.3.1. Mountain formed of a pearl. *Chauvin VII 38 No. 212B.

F752.3.2. F752.3.2. Mountain formed of diamond. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. ”Diamantberg“.

F753. F753. Mountain of fire. (Cf. F702, F756.1, F763, F771.1.11, F785.3.) Chauvin VII 40 No. 153, 57 No. 77; Jewish: Neuman; Penzer III 227f., VIII 50f.

F754. F754. Magnetic mountain. Pulls nails out of ships that approach it. *Chauvin V 202 No. 117, VII 86 No. 373bis n. 1; Basset RTP IX 377ff.; Jewish: *Neuman.

F755. F755. Living mountain. (Cf. F1006.)

F755.1. F755.1. Speaking mountain. Icelandic: Boberg; N. A. Indian (Northern Paiute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 234 No. 13.

F755.1.1. F755.1.1. Mountain laughs. Africa (Bushango): Torday 251.

F755.2. F755.2. Singing mountain. N. A. Indian (Creek): Alexander N. Am. 71.

F755.3. F755.3. Flying mountain. (Cf. F738.) Hindu: Penzer VI 3 n. 1.

F755.4. F755.4. Growing mountain. Grows concurrently with child reared upon it. Irish myth: *Cross.

F755.5. F755.5. Mountain has wife and children. N. A. Indian (Northern Paiute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 234 No. 13.

F755.6. F755.6. Moving mountain. Jewish: Neuman.

F755.7. F755.7. Mountain fights for honor. Jewish: Neuman.

F756. F756. Extraordinary valleys and plains. Irish myth: Cross.

F756.1. F756.1. Valley of fire. (Cf. F702, F753, F763, F771.1.11, F785.3.) Chauvin VII 57 No. 77.

F756.2. F756.2. Plain that is earthly paradise. Malone PMLA XLIII 403; Irish myth: *Cross.

F756.2.1. F756.2.1. Extraordinary valley which gives the illusion of earthly paradise. (The Old Man of the Mountain.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F756.2.2. F756.2.2. Fertile valleys created by deity’s stamping down mountains. Tonga: Gifford 18.

F756.3. F756.3. Plain of wonders. Irish myth: Cross.

F756.4. F756.4. Glen of witchcraft. Irish myth: *Cross.

F756.5. F756.5. Extraordinary glen: mysterious shouting heard. Irish myth: Cross.

F756.5.1. F756.5.1. Valley full of dreadful monsters. Irish myth: Cross.

F756.5.2. F756.5.2. Perilous glen. Irish myth: *Cross.

F757. F757. Extraordinary cave. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 197.

F757.1. F757.1. Golden cave. Cowell Jataka Index s.v. ”Golden“.

F757.1.1. F757.1.1. Cave of gold, silver and crystal. German: Grimm No. 202.

F757.2. F757.2. Wind continually blows from cave. Irish myth: Cross.

F759. F759. Extraordinary mountains and valleys--miscellaneous.

F759.1. F759.1. Mountain with marvelous objects at top. *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. ”Berg“.

F759.2. F759.2. Hollow mountain. Irish myth: *Cross.

F759.3. F759.3. Hill on which snow always melts. Icelandic: Boberg.

F759.4. F759.4. Perfumed mountain. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 369.

F759.5. F759.5. Mountain of ice. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F759.6. F759.6. Mountain of thorns. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F759.7. F759.7. Rocky mountain. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F759.8. F759.8. Mountain of seven lights. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F760. F760. Extraordinary cities. Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIII (1931) 97ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F761. F761. City of precious metals and stones. Jewish: Neuman.

F761.1. F761.1. City of gold. (Cf. F771.1.1.) Penzer II 171--238 passim, VI 130, VII 49; Irish myth: *Cross.

F761.1.1. F761.1.1. City with hundred palaces and gardens; in one everything is of gold, in another, silver, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

F761.2. F761.2. City of brass. Chauvin V 33 No. 16; Burton Nights IV 176, VI 83ff., 101ff., VII 49.

F761.3. F761.3. City of onyx. Chauvin V 27 No. 13.

F761.4. F761.4. City of jewels. Penzer II 175 n. 2.

F761.4.1. F761.4.1. City of emerald. India: Thompson-Balys.

F761.5. F761.5. City paved with precious seeds.

F761.5.1. F761.5.1. City paved with seeds of gold. Irish myth: Cross.

F761.5.2. F761.5.2. City paved with seeds of silver. Irish myth: Cross.

F761.5.3. F761.5.3. City paved with seeds of brass. Irish myth: Cross.

F762. F762. City of extraordinary color.

F762.1. F762.1. Green city. Burton Nights II 283.

F763. F763. City of fire. (Cf. F702, F753, F756.1, F771.1.11, F785.3.) Chauvin VII 57 No. 77.

F764. F764. Underground city. India: Thompson-Balys.

F765. F765. City inside a tree. (Cf. F811.) Penzer VI 130; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 207a n. 12.

F766. F766. Deserted city. Inhabitants have been devoured. *M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII xxv; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 127 No. 7.

F767. F767. Inaccessible city. Chauvin V 33 No. 16; Jewish: Neuman.

F767.1. F767.1. Heathen city surrounded by a yellow river, furious and impassable. Irish myth: Cross.

F767.2. F767.2. City protected by red-hot iron floor around it. India: Thompson-Balys.

F767.3. F767.3. City inaccessible to death. Jewish: *Neuman.

F768. F768. City of extraordinary people.

F768.1. F768.1. City of petrified people. Chauvin V 2 No. 2, 4 No. 443; India: Thompson-Balys.

F768.2. F768.2. City of enchanted people. Apparently dead. Chauvin V 34 No. 16; Kittredge Gawain 238, 246; India: Thompson-Balys.

F768.3. F768.3. Village of one-legged people. (Cf. F517.0.1.) Africa (Upoto): Einstein 128.

F769. F769. Other extraordinary cities.

F769.1. F769.1. Town where everything is sold at one price. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F769.2. F769.2. Cities of sin. Jewish: *Neuman.

F769.3. F769.3. City of elephants. Africa: Stanley 305ff.

F770. F770. Extraordinary buildings and furnishings. Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 771, Beal XXI 322.

F771. F771. Extraordinary castle (house, palace). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.1. F771.1. Castle of unusual material.

F771.1.1. F771.1.1. Golden castle (palace, house). *Kцhler-Bolte I 412; *Fb ”slot“ III 376b, 377a, ”guldslot“ I 515a.--Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 329, Snorra Edda Gylf. LII, *Boberg, Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 431a nn. 28--34; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”or“; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Persian: Carnoy 335; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Tawney II 568.

F771.1.1.1. F771.1.1.1. Castle paved with gold and gems. Hartland Science 174; Irish myth: Cross.

F771.1.1.2. F771.1.1.2. Palace of gold and silver bricks. Africa: Basset Contes populaires d‘Afrique 133f. No. 52, (Nubia): Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens (Cairo, 1888) 48ff. No. 4, 55ff. No. 5, (Swahili): Steere 13ff.; Chinese: Graham.

F771.1.2. F771.1.2. Silver castle. Kцhler-Bolte I 412; *Fb ”slot“ III 377a; Persian: Carnoy 335.

F771.1.3. F771.1.3. Copper castle. Kцhler-Bolte I 412; *Fb ”slot“ III 377a.

F771.1.4. F771.1.4. Steel castle (house). Persian: Carnoy 335.

F771.1.5. F771.1.5. Palace of jewels. (Cf. F721.5.1.) Penzer VI 111; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 159.

F771.1.5.1. F771.1.5.1. Diamond castle. Breton: Sйbillot s.v. ”diamants“.

F771.1.5.2. F771.1.5.2. House of sapphire. Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 127 No. 7.

F771.1.5.3. F771.1.5.3. House of turquoise. Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 127 No. 7.

F771.1.5.4. F771.1.5.4. Underwater castle with walls of gold and diamonds. India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.1.6. F771.1.6. Crystal castle. Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“, ”cristal“; Persian: Carnoy 335.

F771.1.6.1. F771.1.6.1. Castle with glass wall. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.1.6.2. F771.1.6.2. Glass house. Irish myth: *Cross.

F771.1.7. F771.1.7. Palace of ice. Patch PMLA XXXIII 608 n. 23.

F771.1.8. F771.1.8. Castle of wax, shining like gold. *Fb ”slot“ III 377a.

F771.1.9. F771.1.9. House of skulls. Murderer’s abode. Type 756B; Andrejev FFC LXIX 86.

F771.1.10. F771.1.10. Gingerbread house. House made of cake. *Type 327; BP I 115; *Fb ”pandekage“, ”hus“ IV 229b.

F771.1.11. F771.1.11. Castle of fire. (Cf. F702, F753, F756.1, F763, F785.3.) Chauvin VII 57 No. 77.

F771.2. F771.2. Castle (house) with extraordinary support.

F771.2.1. F771.2.1. Castle in the air. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer II 110f.

F771.2.1.1. F771.2.1.1. Castle suspended on four chains. *Fb ”slot“ III 377a, ”Rшde Hav“; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“, ”chaine“.

F771.2.1.2. F771.2.1.2. Castle carried through air by four eagles. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12.

F771.2.2. F771.2.2. Castle in tree-top. *Fb ”slot“ III 377a; Hindu: Tawney I 229.

F771.2.3. F771.2.3. Giants uphold castle. Chauvin V 72 No. 21.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“, ”gйant“.

F771.2.4. F771.2.4. Castle built on sea. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“, ”mer“; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 183.

F771.2.4.1. F771.2.4.1. Palace surrounded by rivers of wine, rose-water and honey. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F771.2.5. F771.2.5. Castle stands on a pillar (pillars). Fb ”guldpжle“ I 514b.--Icelandic: Boberg; Hindu: Meyer Hindu 98 n.

F771.2.6. F771.2.6. Revolving castle. *Brown Iwain 76 n. 2; *Fb ”slot“ III 377a; Irish myth: *Cross.

F771.2.6.1. F771.2.6.1. Circular house rotating on cock’s claw. *Halliday in Penzer VII xx; Kцhler-Bolte I 405; *Solymossy Ethnographia XL (1929) 133ff.

F771.2.6.2. F771.2.6.2. Castle revolving at night so that entrance cannot be found. *Kittredge Gawain 245 n. 1; Schoepperle II 325f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

F771.2.7. F771.2.7. Castle on serpents. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F771.3. F771.3. Extraordinary location of castle.

F771.3.1. F771.3.1. Castle at world‘s end. *Fb ”slot“ III 376b, ”Rшde Hav“, ”tеrn“.

F771.3.2. F771.3.2. Castle east of sun and west of moon. *Fb ”slot“ III 376b.

F771.3.3. F771.3.3. Most eastern castle in world. *Fb ”slot“ III 376b.

F771.3.4. F771.3.4. Castle at middle point of earth. Fb ”verden“ III 1039a.

F771.3.5. F771.3.5. Underground house. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F771.3.5.1. F771.3.5.1. House inside mountain. India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.3.6. F771.3.6. Castle rises from the ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.3.7. F771.3.7. Palace at bottom of water tank. India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.4. F771.4. Inhabitants of extraordinary castle.

F771.4.1. F771.4.1. Castle inhabited by ogres. *Types 304, 545A; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F771.4.2. F771.4.2. Cat castle. Castle occupied by cats (enchanted women). *Type 566; Fb ”slot“ III 377a; Icelandic: *Boberg; French and N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 400f.

F771.4.2.1. F771.4.2.1. Castle (house) infested by demon cats. (Cf. H1411.2.)

F771.4.3. F771.4.3. Abandoned castle. Has no inhabitants when hero enters. *Fb ”slot“ III 377a; Type 425; *Tegethoff 168; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 134 (Sir Degare); Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“; India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.4.4. F771.4.4. Castle in which everyone is asleep. Type 304; BP II 503; Fb ”sove“ III 472a.

F771.4.5. F771.4.5. Castle (house) haunted by demons. Irish myth: Cross.

F771.4.6. F771.4.6. Castle in which inhabitants have been turned to stone. German: Grimm No. 62.

F771.4.7. F771.4.7. Castle inhabited by enchanted princess. German: Grimm Nos. 92. 137.

F771.5. F771.5. Extraordinary guard for castle. Irish myth: Cross.

F771.5.1. F771.5.1. Castle guarded by beasts. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.5.2. F771.5.2. Castle guarded by giants (ogres). Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chвteau“.

F771.5.3. F771.5.3. Serpent-hall. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. LII.

F771.6. F771.6. Phantom house: disappears at dawn. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F771.7. F771.7. Palace surrounded by rivers of wine, rosewater, and honey. Chauvin V 41 No. 388; India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.8. F771.8. Castle of extraordinary size. Icelandic: Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 349, 529, 915.

F771.9. F771.9. Road runs through house (banqueting-hall). Irish myth: *Cross.

F771.10. F771.10. Castle shall stand when everything else has departed (Gimle and Brimir). Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. XVII, LII, Boberg.

F771.11. F771.11. Seven rooms in ascetic‘s house: in one, human heads; in another, horses; in third, dogs; in fourth, pots; in fifth, pile of men’s arms; in sixth, a kitchen; in seventh, ascetic lives. India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.12. F771.12. Building at bottom of which flows stream of rubies. India: Thompson-Balys.

F771.13. F771.13. Castle warmed by love. No fire is required because love makes perpetual summer. Neilson Court of Love 28.

F772. F772. Extraordinary tower. Irish myth: Cross.

F772.1. F772.1. Tower of Babel: remarkably tall tower designed to reach sky. Arabian: Basset 1001 Contes I 179; Frazer Old Testament I 362ff., Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F772.1.1. F772.1.1. Year taken to mount high tower. Jewish: *Neuman.

F772.1.2. F772.1.2. Tower reaches moon. Africa: Stanley 121.

F772.2. F772.2. Metal tower.

F772.2.1. F772.2.1. Brazen tower. Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 89f.

F772.2.2. F772.2.2. Towers of steel, silver and gold. Jacobs’s list s.v. ”Towers“.

F772.2.3. F772.2.3. Golden tower under sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F772.2.4. F772.2.4. Tower of glass; melts in sun. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F772.2.4.1. F772.2.4.1. Tower of glass in midst of sea. Irish myth: *Cross.

F772.2.5. F772.2.5. Dolorous Tower. Irish myth: Cross.

F772.2.6. F772.2.6. Flying tower. Jewish: Neuman.

F773. F773. Remarkable church (chapel, temple). Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 27, Beal XXI 308; Jewish: Neuman.

F773.1. F773.1. Green chapel. Cave in green mound. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight.

F773.2. F773.2. Golden temple. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F773.3. F773.3. Temple of jewels. Jewish: Neuman.

F774. F774. Extraordinary pillars.

F774.1. F774.1. Pillars of precious stones. Patch PMLA XXXIII 626 n. 87.

F774.1.1. F774.1.1. Crystal column. India: Thompson-Balys.

F774.2. F774.2. Burning pillar reaching heaven. Patch PMLA XXXIII 626 n. 87.

F774.2.1. F774.2.1. Pillar of fire. (Cf. F962.2.2, F964.0.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

F774.3. F774.3. Musical pillar. (Cf. A661.0.2.1.) Patch PMLA XXXIII 626 n. 87; Irish myth: *Cross.

F775. F775. Extraordinary tent. Icelandic: Boberg.

F776. F776. Extraordinary gate.

F776.1. F776.1. Gate as high as heavens and huge as a mountain. Malone PMLA XLIII 403.

F776.1.1. F776.1.1. Palace gate so big it can only be opened by twelve buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F776.2. F776.2. Perilous falling gate. Cuts horse in two as rider goes through it. Brown Iwain 14 and passim; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F776.3. F776.3. Palace with seven gates, one within the other. India: Thompson-Balys.

F781. F781. Extraordinary rooms.

F781.1. F781.1. Labyrinth. Series of rooms so confusing that one cannot find the way out. Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 120 n. 1; Jewish: Neuman.

F781.2. F781.2. Extraordinary number of rooms. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F781.2.1. F781.2.1. 540 rooms in Bilskilnir. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale 1 75, Boberg.

F782. F782. Extraordinary doors and windows.

F782.1. F782.1. Windows and doors for every day in year. 365 windows and doors in castle or church. Fb ”еr“ III 1195b; Scotch: Campbell II 426 No. 51. According to Baedeker’s Guidebook to Great Britain, said to be true of Salisbury Cathedral.

F782.1.1. F782.1.1. One door for each world quarter. Icelandic: Boberg.

F782.2. F782.2. Door of precious stones. Fb ”port“ II 863a.

F782.3. F782.3. Seven-fold doors to room. Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 1.

F782.4. F782.4. Extraordinary lock and key (made of bones). India: Thompson-Balys.

F782.5. F782.5. Doors of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

F782.6. F782.6. Revolving door of tent. Jewish: Neuman.

F783. F783. Extraordinary carpet.

F783.1. F783.1. Giant carpet. Sixty miles square. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 37.

F784. F784. Extraordinary table.

F784.1. F784.1. Golden table. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 217, 375, *Neuman.

F785. F785. Extraordinary throne.

F785.1. F785.1. Solomon‘s golden throne. Thirty-three steps high. Golden animals on all sides and on steps. *Gaster Exempla 209 No. 115, Jewish: *Neuman.

F785.2. F785.2. Nimrod’s multiple throne. Seven thrones on top of one another. Stone, cedar, iron, copper, silver, gold, precious stones. Gaster Exempla 185 No. 2; Jewish: *Neuman.

F785.3. F785.3. Throne of fire. (Cf. F702, F756.1, F763, F771.1.11.) Chauvin VII 57 No. 77, Jewish: Neuman.

F786. F786. Extraordinary chair.

F786.1. F786.1. Chairs of gold and silver. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1 and Note 5.

F787. F787. Extraordinary bed.

F787.1. F787.1. Extraordinary bed woven with spider‘s webs. India: Thompson-Balys.

F787.2. F787.2. Golden bed. Jewish: Neuman.

F787.3. F787.3. Ivory bed. Jewish: Neuman.

F787.4. F787.4. Bed made from man’s tooth. Jewish: Neuman.

F788. F788. Remarkable bier.

F788.1. F788.1. Remarkable jeweled bier. Jewish: Neuman.

F789. F789. Extraordinary buildings and furnishings--miscellaneous.

F789.1. F789.1. Seven forts--river, iron, mud, cow-dung, brick, stone, wood. India: Thompson-Balys.

F789.2. F789.2. Remarkable candlestick.

F789.2.1. F789.2.1. Jeweled candlestick. Jewish: Neuman.

F789.3. F789.3. Remarkable curtain.

F789.3.1. F789.3.1. Jeweled curtain. Jewish: Neuman.

F790. F790. Extraordinary sky and weather phenomena.

F791. F791. Rising and falling sky. Sky rises and falls at horizon, giving periodic access to the other world. Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 308; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 15a, Hatt Asiatic Influences 78ff.

F791.1. F791.1. Sky lowers on people. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 495.

F792. F792. Artificial heavens. Placed on pillars of iron. Seven heavens. (1) glass, sun, moon, stars, (2) iron with lake in it, (3) tin with precious stones rolling about (thunder), (4) lead, (5) copper, (6) silver, (7) gold. Gaster Exempla 186 No. 4; Jewish: *Neuman.

F793. F793. Artificial heavenly bodies.

F793.1. F793.1. Gold moon, sun, star. Fb ”guldmеne“ I 514.

F795. F795. Extraordinary cloud.

F795.1. F795.1. Clouds take form of letters. Jewish: Neuman.

F796. F796. Dragon seen in sky. Irish myth: Cross.

F797. F797. Fire from heaven kills people. Irish myth: Cross.

F800. F800. Extraordinary rocks and stones. (Cf. D931, D1553, D1641.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

F801. F801. Weeping rocks. RTP V 157.

F801.1. F801.1. Weeping hills. India: Thompson-Balys.

F802. F802. Growing rocks. RTP X 28.

F802.1. F802.1. Big rocks grow from little rocks. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

F803. F803. Musical rock in fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

F804. F804. Floating rock (stone). Irish myth: *Cross.

F805. F805. Golden stone. Icelandic: Boberg; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 43.

F806. F806. Magnetic stone. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1055.

F806.1. F806.1. Lodestone draws ship to it. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”aimant“.

F807. F807. Rock of extraordinary color.

F807.1. F807.1. Crimson rock. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 325A*.

F808. F808. Extraordinary cliff: thin as a hair, sharp as a blade, slippery as an eel’s tail, high as a mast. Irish myth: Cross.

F809. F809. Other extraordinary stones.

F809.1. F809.1. Stones cannot be counted. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F809.2. F809.2. Hollow stone fits any person who lies in it. Wales: Baughman.

F809.3. F809.3. Magic crop- and rain-producing stone. England: Baughman.

F809.4. F809.4. Bleeding rock. Jewish: Neuman.

F809.4.1. F809.4.1. Men disappear at revolving bleeding rock. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 467.

F809.5. F809.5. Traveling stones. (Cf. D1431.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 179.

F809.6. F809.6. Stones of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

F809.6.1. F809.6.1. Stones burn. Africa (Baholoholo): Einstein 216.

F809.6.2. F809.6.2. Mysterious characters engraved upon rock of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

F809.7. F809.7. Transparent stone. Jewish: Neuman.

F809.8. F809.8. Stones as guardian of town. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 179.

F809.9. F809.9. Stones can be rolled up like a scroll. Jewish: Neuman.

F810. F810. Extraordinary trees, plants, fruit, etc. Toldo Studien zur vgl. Litgsch. VIII 48ff.; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 322, O‘Suilleabhain 57; India: Thompson-Balys.

F811. F811. Extraordinary tree. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F811.1. F811.1. Trees of extraordinary material. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.1.1. F811.1.1. Golden tree. Kцhler-Bolte I 412; Fb ”guldskov“ I 515a, ”guldtyr“ I 515b; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer IV 128.

F811.1.2. F811.1.2. Silver tree. Kцhler-Bolte I 412; Patch PMLA XXXIII 624 n. 82; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F811.1.3. F811.1.3. Copper tree. Kцhler-Bolte I 412; Fb ”kobberskov“ II 244.

F811.1.4. F811.1.4. Tree of fire. (Cf. F785.3. and other references there given). Chauvin VII 56 No. 77.

F811.1.5. F811.1.5. Tree of camphor. *Chauvin VII 11 No. 373B n. 2.

F811.1.6. F811.1.6. Glass (crystal) tree in otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.1.7. F811.1.7. Tree with silver trunk, gold branches, emerald leaves, pearls for fruits. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.1.8. F811.1.8. Diamond tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.1.9. F811.1.9. Iron tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.1.10. F811.1.10. Tree of cakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.2. F811.2. Tree with extraordinary leaves.

F811.2.1. F811.2.1. Tree with metal leaves. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”arbres“.

F811.2.1.1. F811.2.1.1. Tree with brass leaves. Fb ”messing“ II 582b.

F811.2.1.2. F811.2.1.2. Tree with golden leaves. Fb ”trж“ III 867a; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 333, Boberg, Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 431a n. 35; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F811.2.2. F811.2.2. Tree with leaves of jewels. Penzer IV 128; Patch PMLA XXXIII 625 n. 83; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 242.

F811.2.3. F811.2.3. Tree with gigantic leaves. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.2.3.1. F811.2.3.1. Tree with coiling leaves three thousand miles high with golden cock on top. Patch PMLA XXXIII 625 n. 83.

F811.3. F811.3. Tree of extraordinary color. Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.3.1. F811.3.1. Purple tree. Patch PMLA XXXIII 624 n. 82; Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.3.2. F811.3.2. White mango tree. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 448.

F811.3.3. F811.3.3. Crimson tree. Jewish: Neuman.

F811.4. F811.4. Extraordinary location of tree. Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.4.1. F811.4.1. Tree in midocean. Patch PMLA XXXIII 625 n. 85; Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.4.2. F811.4.2. Tree under sea. Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.4.3. F811.4.3. Tree in the midst of king‘s hall. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F811.5. F811.5. Food-producing trees.

F811.5.1. F811.5.1. Food-dropping trees. *Loomis White Magic 87; Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.5.2. F811.5.2. Wood which distills wine. *Loomis White Magic 124.

F811.5.3. F811.5.3. Fish-producing tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 520; S. A. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

F811.6. F811.6. Tree with musical branches. Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.7. F811.7. Tree with extraordinary fruit.

F811.7.1. F811.7.1. Tree bearing all fruits. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 207a n. 18; Irish myth: Cross; S. A. Indian (Ackawoi): Alexander Lat. Am. 269.

F811.7.1.1. F811.7.1.1. Tree bearing several fruits. (Cf. F811.18.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.7.1.2. F811.7.1.2. Tree bearing variety of fruits. Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.7.2. F811.7.2. Tree bearing unwonted fruit (flowers).

F811.7.2.1. F811.7.2.1. Temple cedars bear fruit. Jewish: Neuman.

F811.7.2.2. F811.7.2.2. Marvelous oranges grow upon tree limbs which are sharp knives. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 102.

F811.7.2.3. F811.7.2.3. Cherry tree has lotos-flowers. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 240 No. 186.

F811.8. F811.8. Tree with fruits like human heads. Attached by hair. Chauvin VII 56 No. 77.

F811.9. F811.9. Trees with green birds hanging by claws. Chauvin VII 56 No. 77.

F811.10. F811.10. Tree in which people live in nests. Patch PMLA XXXIII 625 n. 85.

F811.10.1. F811.10.1. Hollow tree as residence for hero. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 206b n. 7; India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.11. F811.11. Trees disappear at sunset. English: Wells 104 (Alexander and Dindimus).

F811.12. F811.12. Trees grow and ”ungrow“ each day. (Cf. F817.1.) Chauvin VII 83 No. 373bis n. 2.

F811.13. F811.13. Tree blooms and grows ripe fruit nightly. (Cf. F815.1, F971.7.) Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 207b n. 2; Jewish: Neuman.

F811.13.1. F811.13.1. Extraordinary tree blossoms, bears fruit, matures seeds, seeds sprout and grow, even while one watches. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.14. F811.14. Giant tree: nuts fall scores of miles away, etc. Irish myth: *Cross; Japanese: Anesaki 339; Marquesas: Handy 70; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 120.

F811.14.1. F811.14.1. Tree so large that it darkens whole world. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F811.15. F811.15. Upside-down tree. Branches in ground, roots in air. Africa (Bambara): Travйlй 205ff. No. 66.

F811.16. F811.16. Tree bears fruit, flower, and leaf simultaneously. All drop at once. Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.17. F811.17. Tree with extraordinary buds.

F811.17.1. F811.17.1. Tree with crystal buds. Irish myth: Cross.

F811.18. F811.18. Tree bears fruit three times yearly. (Cf. F811.7.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F811.18.1. F811.18.1. Tree bears fruit monthly. Irish myth: Cross.

F811.19. F811.19. Tree grows miraculously fast from seed. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.20. F811.20. Bleeding tree. Blood drops when tree is cut. *Loomis White Magic 124.

F811.21. F811.21. Marvelous tree (trees) of extraordinary age. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 870.

F811.22. F811.22. Extraordinary firewood, of elephant tusks. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.23. F811.23. Extraordinary flower-bearing tree in middle of seven forts. India: Thompson-Balys.

F811.24. F811.24. Man-eating tree. (Cf. G10.) Jewish: Neuman.

F812. F812. Extraordinary forest. India: Thompson-Balys.

F812.1. F812.1. Forest of straight and tall trees. Each tree straight as an arrow and higher than earthly man ever saw. Patch PMLA XXXIII 625 n. 83.

F812.2. F812.2. Wood of sixty trees nourishing three hundred men apiece. Patch PMLA 624 n. 82.

F812.3. F812.3. Forest of Dangers (Wonders). Irish myth: *Cross.

F812.4. F812.4. Speaking forest. (Cf. D1610.2.) Icelandic: Boberg.

F812.5. F812.5. Forest where unseen sword cuts off heads of those trying to escape. India: Thompson-Balys.

F812.6. F812.6. Special flavor of wood from certain forest. Jewish: Neuman.

F812.7. F812.7. Boards of wood from certain forest endure forever. Jewish: Neuman.

F812.8. F812.8. Wood which cannot be consumed by fire. Jewish: Neuman.

F813. F813. Extraordinary fruits. Irish myth: Cross.

F813.0.1. F813.0.1. Fruits containing jewels. Penzer VI 166, 232, 236ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F813.0.2. F813.0.2. Golden fruits. India: Thompson-Balys.

F813.0.3. F813.0.3. Extraordinarily large fruit. Jewish: *Neuman.

F813.0.4. F813.0.4. Fruits always sweet. Jewish: Neuman.

F813.1. F813.1. Extraordinary apple. Irish myth: *Cross.

F813.1.1. F813.1.1. Golden apple. Type 502; BP III 111; *Cox Cinderella 494; *Fb ”жble“ III 1135b, ”guldжble“ I 515b, 516a, ”trж“ III 867a, ”frugttrж“ I 376b.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 364f.; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 10; Missouri French: Carriиre; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 400 n. 1, Fox 87; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F813.1.2. F813.1.2. Silver apple. Fb ”trж“ III 867a, ”frugttrж“ I 376b, ”жble“ III 1135b; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F813.1.3. F813.1.3. Copper apple. Fb ”жble“ III 1135b; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F813.1.4. F813.1.4. Brass apple. Fb ”messing“ II 582b; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 50, Beal XXI 318.

F813.2. F813.2. Extraordinary grapes. Jewish: *Neuman.

F813.2.1. F813.2.1. Clusters of diamond and emerald grapes. Chauvin VI 110 No. 274.

F813.2.2. F813.2.2. Gigantic grapes. Irish myth: Cross.

F813.3. F813.3. Extraordinary nut. Irish myth: *Cross.

F813.3.1. F813.3.1. Golden nut. Fb ”guldnшd“ I 514; Icelandic: Boberg; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 38.

F813.3.2. F813.3.2. Gigantic nut. Irish myth: Cross.

F813.3.3. F813.3.3. Nuts yield purple juice. Irish myth: Cross.

F813.3.4. F813.3.4. Silk handkerchief concealed in a nut. India: Thompson-Balys.

F813.4. F813.4. Silver pear. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 256a n. 9.

F813.5. F813.5. Extraordinary gourd.

F813.5.1. F813.5.1. Gourds with seven rooms in each. India: Thompson-Balys.

F813.6. F813.6. Extraordinary banana.

F813.6.1. F813.6.1. Banana large as tooth of elephant. Africa (Baholoholo): Einstein 217.

F813.7. F813.7. Extraordinary fig.

F813.7.1. F813.7.1. Fig magically preserved. Jewish: Neuman.

F813.7.2. F813.7.2. Fig from paradise. Jewish: Neuman.

F813.8. F813.8. Extraordinary pomegranate.

F813.8.1. F813.8.1. Golden pomegranates. Jewish: Neuman.

F813.8.2. F813.8.2. Giant pomegranate rind holds 13 men. Jewish: Neuman.

F814. F814. Extraordinary flower. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F814.1. F814.1. Gigantic flower. Irish myth: Cross.

F814.2. F814.2. Talking flowers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F814.3. F814.3. Flower only to be found at midnight. India: Thompson-Balys.

F814.4. F814.4. Golden flowers. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 891.

F814.4.1. F814.4.1. Golden lotus. India: Thompson-Balys.

F814.5. F814.5. Flower visible only to blind man. India: Thompson-Balys.

F814.6. F814.6. Flowers (lotus) of gold float on a river of milk. (Cf. F715.2.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F815. F815. Extraordinary plants. Jewish: *Neuman.

F815.1. F815.1. Vegetables (plants) which mature in miraculously short time. (Cf. F811.13.) Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 35.

F815.2. F815.2. Extraordinary grain. Irish myth: Cross.

F815.2.1. F815.2.1. Extraordinary amount of liquor pressed from single grain. Irish myth: *Cross.

F815.3. F815.3. Crops grow without sweat or weariness in paradise. Irish myth: *Cross.

F815.4. F815.4. Extraordinary rice producing million-fold and ripening overnight. (Cf. F815.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

F815.4.1. F815.4.1. Rice, the scent of which is smelled for miles around. India: Thompson-Balys.

F815.5. F815.5. Extraordinary seed. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 40.

F815.6. F815.6. Prolific grain. Produces enormously. Jewish: *Neuman.

F815.6.1. F815.6.1. Taro planted in sacred spot inexhaustible prolific. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 288.

F815.7. F815.7. Extraordinary vine. (Cf. F813.2.)

F815.7.1. F815.7.1. Extraordinary vine bears 926 varieties of fruit. Jewish: Neuman.

F815.7.2. F815.7.2. Gigantic vine. Jewish: Neuman.

F815.7.3. F815.7.3. Vines smile when a leaf is cut from them. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 163.

F816. F816. Extraordinary vegetables.

F816.1. F816.1. Cucumber two feet long. India: Thompson-Balys.

F816.2. F816.2. Enormous kava plant. Tonga: Gifford 123, 158.

F817. F817. Extraordinary grass.

F817.1. F817.1. Growing and ungrowing grass. Produces one pod daily till the fifteenth of the month; thereafter one pod shrinks each day. (Cf. F811.12.) Chinese: Ferguson 33.

F817.2. F817.2. Grass grows anew every night. Jewish: Neuman.

F817.3. F817.3. Herbs serve as perfume. Jewish: *Neuman.

F817.4. F817.4. Grass covered with gold dust. Jewish: Neuman.

F818. F818. Extraordinary garden. India: Thompson-Balys.

F818.1. F818.1. Marvelous garden with gold and silver flowers, bees. India: Thompson-Balys.

F818.2. F818.2. Five demons keepers of marvelous garden and palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

F820. F820. Extraordinary clothing and ornaments.

F821. F821. Extraordinary dress (clothes, robe, etc.)

F821.1. F821.1. Dress of extraordinary material.

F821.1.1. F821.1.1. Golden clothes. Fb ”guldklжdning“; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

F821.1.2. F821.1.2. Brass clothes. Fb ”messing“ II 582b.

F821.1.3. F821.1.3. Dress of raw fur. Cat-fur, mouse-fur, or other undressed fur. *Type 510B; BP II 45ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 420; Icelandic: Boberg.

F821.1.3.1. F821.1.3.1. Bearskin. Man dressed in bear hide. Type 361; Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 169a s.v. ”Bдrenhдuter“; Icelandic: Boberg.

F821.1.3.2. F821.1.3.2. Cloak made from fur of all animals in realm. German: Grimm No. 65.

F821.1.4. F821.1.4. Wooden coat. *Type 510B; BP II 45ff; Liungman Jordkulan 90; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”bois“; India: Thompson-Balys.

F821.1.5. F821.1.5. Dress of gold, silver, color of sun, moon and stars. *Type 510B; *BP II 45ff.; *Eisler Weltenmantel und Himmelszelt I 1ff.; Fb ”mеne“ II 660a, ”klжder“ IV 267b; Saintyves Perrault 152ff., 202ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”йtoiles“, ”robe“.

F821.1.6. F821.1.6. Dress of feathers. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 248 No. 192.

F821.2. F821.2. Dress so fine that it goes in nutshell. Kцhler-Bolte I 420; English: Child I 260 and note, 271.

F821.2.1. F821.2.1. Coat so light it can be concealed in closed palms of hand. Jewish: *Neuman.

F821.3. F821.3. Dress with gold, silver, and diamond bells. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 60 and Kцhler to Gonzenbach No. 2.

F821.4. F821.4. Extraordinarily beautiful mantle. None surpasses it. Irish myth: *Cross.

F821.5. F821.5. Extraordinary long turban. India: Thompson-Balys.

F821.6. F821.6. Glorified white garments. Moreno Esdras.

F821.7. F821.7. Clothes of light (worn by Adam and Eve). Jewish: *Neuman.

F821.8. F821.8. Clothes which do not wear out. *Loomis White Magic 88.

F821.9. F821.9. Garments grow with man wearing them. Jewish: Neuman.

F821.10. F821.10. Garments emitting aromatic perfume. Jewish: *Neuman.

F821.11. F821.11. Clothes remain ever new. Jewish: Neuman.

F822. F822. Extraordinary handkerchief.

F822.1. F822.1. Handkerchief color of sun, moon, and stars. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 111 No. 39, 278 No. 91, 281 No. 92.

F823. F823. Extraordinary shoes. *Cox Cinderella 506; Irish myth: *Cross.

F823.1. F823.1. Golden shoes. *Type 510; *Cox Cinderella 506; *Fb ”guldsko“ I 515a; Jewish: Neuman.

F823.2. F823.2. Glass shoes. Type 510; Cox Cinderella 506; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F823.3. F823.3. Shoes of rat-skin. India: Thompson-Balys.

F823.4. F823.4. Silver shoes. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 230f.

F824. F824. Extraordinary armor. (Cf. F839.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

F824.1. F824.1. Men in air-tight armor. Penzer II 299.

F824.2. F824.2. Extraordinarily painted shield. Herrmann Saxo II 288; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F825. F825. Extraordinary ring. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 160--61, *Boberg.

F826. F826. Extraordinary jewels.

F826.1. F826.1. Animals with jeweled ornaments. Malone PMLA XLIII 401, 413.

F826.2. F826.2. Ambergris made from bitumen eaten by fish. *Chauvin VII 25 No. 373F n. 1.

F826.3. F826.3. Diamond does not break when struck with sledge hammer; penetrates iron instead. India: Thompson-Balys.

F826.4. F826.4. Sapphire so large two tables of law hewn out of it. Jewish: Neuman.

F827. F827. Extraordinary ornaments.

F827.1. F827.1. Live-bird earrings. N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner JAFL XXVII 98.

F827.2. F827.2. Live head-dress. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 337 n. 214.

F827.3. F827.3. Ornaments of snakes, hornets, scorpions, dirt, and a toad. India: Thompson-Balys.

F827.4. F827.4. Necklace made of human eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F827.5. F827.5. Golden comb. India: Thompson-Balys.

F827.6. F827.6. Extraordinary bracelets. Jewish: Neuman.

F828. F828. Extraordinary crown. Jewish: *Neuman.

F828.1. F828.1. Jeweled crown suspended in air over king’s head. Jewish: Neuman.

F828.2. F828.2. Crown of fire. Jewish: *Neuman.

F829. F829. Extraordinary clothing and ornaments--miscellaneous.

F829.1. F829.1. Rainbow as loincloth. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 508.

F829.2. F829.2. Girdle made of a climbing-vine. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1174).

F829.3. F829.3. Extraordinary belt. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F830. F830. Extraordinary weapons. Irish myth: *Cross.

F830.1. F830.1. Silver weapon. Icelandic: Boberg.

F831. F831. Extraordinary arrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

F831.1. F831.1. Invisible arrow. Visible to only one person. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 356 n. 287b.

F831.2. F831.2. Arrows of fire. Chauvin VI 106 No. 270; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F831.3. F831.3. Poisoned arrows. (Cf. F833.6.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F831.4. F831.4. Arrow shot at bull returns against shooter. Irish myth: Cross.

F831.5. F831.5. Extraordinarily heavy arrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

F832. F832. Extraordinary lance. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F832.1. F832.1. Barbed lance. Causes one wound on entering and nine on retiring. Welsh, Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 200; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F832.1.1. F832.1.1. Gae bulga. Barbed lance which cannot be withdrawn. (Cf. A1459.1.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F832.2. F832.2. Extraordinarily big lance. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F833. F833. Extraordinary sword. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

F833.1. F833.1. Sword so heavy that hero must take drink of strength before swinging it. Fb ”svжrd“ III 690b.

F833.1.1. F833.1.1. Sword so heavy that only its owner can lift it. Icelandic: Boberg.

F833.2. F833.2. Sword of Damocles. Sword hung on thin thread immediately above person. *BP I 366; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 735a; Olrik Sakses Oldhistorie II (1894) 256; Icelandic: Boberg.

F833.3. F833.3. Sword extraordinarily bright, sharp. Herrmann Saxo 306 n. 2; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F833.3.1. F833.3.1. Sword as mirror. Icelandic: Boberg.

F833.4. F833.4. Fiery sword. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F833.4.1. F833.4.1. Sword shines as fire or as the sun. Icelandic: Boberg.

F833.5. F833.5. Sword cuts everything. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F833.5.1. F833.5.1. Sword cuts cloth etc. as well as steel and stone. Icelandic: Boberg.

F833.6. F833.6. Sword with poisoned edge. (Cf. F831.3.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F833.7. F833.7. Sword with image of wolf or serpent. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F833.8. F833.8. Gigantic sword. Sword eight elbow-lengths long and two spans broad. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F833.9. F833.9. Disappearing sword. *Loomis White Magic 51.

F833.10. F833.10. Sword with God‘s name engraved upon it. (Cf. D1766.7.2.) Jewish: Neuman.

F833.11. F833.11. Miraculous sword of Angel of Death. Jewish: Neuman.

F834. F834. Extraordinary spear.

F834.1. F834.1. Remarkably hot spear must be kept in bath of blood (poison). Irish myth: *Cross.

F834.1.1. F834.1.1. Spear of fire (thrown by God). Jewish: Neuman.

F834.2. F834.2. Spear so broad that its owner by swinging it puts the light out. Icelandic: PMLA XLVI 1002, Boberg.

F834.3. F834.3. Extraordinary gleaming spear. Irish myth: Cross.

F834.4. F834.4. All-conquering spear. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 395.

F834.5. F834.5. Remarkable spear used to dam stream. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 418.

F834.6. F834.6. Remarkable spear used as a windbreak. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 418.

F834.7. F834.7. Warrior seeks combat when his spear consents. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (Z-G. 13/48).

F835. F835. Extraordinary club. (Cf. F531.4.5.4.) Irish myth: *Cross; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 204.

F835.1. F835.1. Winking club. Head of a club is like a bird’s head; its eyes wink. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 336 n. 214.

F835.2. F835.2. Remarkably large club.

F835.2.1. F835.2.1. Iron club so heavy that five men can hardly lift it. Icelandic: Boberg.

F835.2.2. F835.2.2. Club takes 4,000 men to carry it. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 419.

F836. F836. Extraordinary bow.

F836.0.1. F836.0.1. Remarkable bowstring. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/127).

F836.1. F836.1. Bow of gold, silver, and copper. Finnish: Kalevala rune 10.

F836.2. F836.2. Hornbows. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F836.3. F836.3. Extraordinarily large bow. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F836.3.1. F836.3.1. Bow can be strung only by one thousand men. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 596.

F836.4. F836.4. Tiny bow shoots through muskox hide. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 88.

F836.5. F836.5. Crossbow goes bird hunting, shows mercy to first bird, which pleads for its life. Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 372.

F837. F837. Extraordinary battle-axe. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F837.1. F837.1. Extraordinarily keen stone axe. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 395.

F838. F838. Extraordinary knife. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F838.1. F838.1. Extraordinarily sharp knife. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F838.2. F838.2. Knife with handle half gold and half silver. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F839. F839. Other extraordinary weapons.

F839.1. F839.1. Gnawed bone as weapon. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F839.2. F839.2. Extraordinary shield. (Cf. F824.) Irish myth: Cross.

F839.2.1. F839.2.1. Gigantic shield. Irish myth: *Cross.

F839.2.1.1. F839.2.1.1. Shield concealing one hundred men. India: Thompson-Balys.

F839.2.2. F839.2.2. Edge of shield sharp enough to cut hair on water. Irish myth: Cross.

F839.3. F839.3. Cain slays Abel with bone of a camel. (Cf. A1336.) Irish myth: Cross.

F839.3.1. F839.3.1. Cain slain with an apple. Irish myth: Cross.

F839.4. F839.4. Human head as weapon. Irish myth: *Cross.

F839.5. F839.5. Ball made of human brains as weapon. Irish myth: *Cross.

F839.6. F839.6. Betelnut as weapon to strike off man’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

F839.7. F839.7. Wooden lizard used to kill evil spirits. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 370.

F840. F840. Other extraordinary objects and places.

F841. F841. Extraordinary boat (ship). Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F841.1. F841.1. Ship of extraordinary material.

F841.1.1. F841.1.1. Stone boat (ship). Fb ”sten“ III 552a, ”skib“ III 242b; Irish: Cross, O’Suilleabhain 88, Beal XXI 329; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Schoolcraft Hiawatha 223.

F841.1.2. F841.1.2. Bronze boat. Irish myth: *Cross.

F841.1.3. F841.1.3. Mahogany ship. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”ajacou“.

F841.1.4. F841.1.4. Boat made of nutshells. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”coques“, ”noix“.

F841.1.4.1. F841.1.4.1. Canoe made from coconut. Marquesas: Handy 46, 91, Beckwith Myth 484.

F841.1.5. F841.1.5. Ship Naglfar. Made of parings of fingernails of the dead. *Gaster Germania XXVI (1881) 204; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 351, Olrik Ragnarцk (tr. Ranisch) 72f., 74 n. 1, Boberg.

F841.1.6. F841.1.6. Ship brass within, steel without. English: Child III 340, 344, 349, IV 504.

F841.1.7. F841.1.7. Ship with gold nails. English: Child IV 379ff., V 276.

F841.1.8. F841.1.8. Golden boat with copper rudder. Finnish: Kalevala rune 10.

F841.1.9. F841.1.9. Silver boat. *Loomis White Magic 91; Irish myth: *Cross.

F841.1.10. F841.1.10. Gold ship. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 460ff., (1931) 316ff.

F841.1.10.1. F841.1.10.1. Boat looks like gold. Icelandic: Boberg.

F841.1.11. F841.1.11. Boat made of a tree trunk. Icelandic: Boberg.

F841.1.12. F841.1.12. Boat from gourd. India: Thompson-Balys.

F841.1.13. F841.1.13. Iron boat. Icelandic: Boberg.

F841.1.14. F841.1.14. Glass ship. Africa: Weeks Jungle 43.

F841.2. F841.2. Extraordinary equipment of ship. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F841.2.1. F841.2.1. Gold (silver) mast. Fb ”mast“ II 564.

F841.2.2. F841.2.2. Feather used as mast. *Fb ”hшne“ I 750b.

F841.2.3. F841.2.3. Silver oar. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”avirons“.

F841.2.4. F841.2.4. Golden oar. Irish myth: Cross.

F841.2.5. F841.2.5. Bronze sail. Irish myth: Cross.

F841.2.6. F841.2.6. Tin sail. Irish myth: Cross.

F841.2.7. F841.2.7. Marvelous paddle sends canoe enormous distance with each stroke. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 447.

F841.3. F841.3. Extraordinary ship--miscellaneous.

F841.3.1. F841.3.1. Winged ship. Hindu: Keith 31.

F841.3.2. F841.3.2. Ship on wheels. (Cf. D1553.1.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

F841.3.3. F841.3.3. Enormous canoe. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 420; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 62, 85.

F842. F842. Extraordinary bridge. Irish myth: *Cross.

F842.1. F842.1. Extraordinary material of bridge.

F842.1.1. F842.1.1. Crystal (glass) bridge. Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30; Chauvin V 41 No. 388.

F842.1.2. F842.1.2. Ice bridge. Patch PMLA XXXIII 610 n. 30.

F842.1.3. F842.1.3. Bridge of apples. Scotch: Campbell Tales I 297.

F842.1.4. F842.1.4. Golden bridge. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 587, MacCulloch Eddic 130, *Boberg.

F842.1.5. F842.1.5. Bridge of straw. German: Grimm No. 18.

F842.2. F842.2. Extraordinary bridge miscellaneous.

F842.2.1. F842.2.1. Perilous trap bridge. High in center. One end rises when one steps on it and throws him backwards. Type 516; Rosch FFC LXXVII 125; *Brown Iwain 75; *Ogle MLN XXXV 129ff.; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 143, *Cross.

F842.2.1.1. F842.2.1.1. Perilous trap-gate. India: Thompson-Balys.

F842.2.2. F842.2.2. Bridge which falls when mounted. Irish myth: *Cross.

F842.2.3. F842.2.3. Extraordinary span of bridge.

F842.2.3.1. F842.2.3.1. Bridge of boats across sea. Saxo (ed. Elton) 145; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound line 720.

F842.2.3.2. F842.2.3.2. Under-water bridge. Irish myth: *Cross.

F842.2.4. F842.2.4. Under-water causeway (to otherworld). (Cf. F93.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F843. F843. Extraordinary rope. Missouri French: Carriиre.

F843.1. F843.1. Rope made of person’s hair. Kцhler-Bolte I 542f.; English: Child V 482 s.v. ”hair“.

F844. F844. Extraordinary nail. (Cf. F841.1.7.) Icelandic: Boberg.

F846. F846. Extraordinary bed.

F846.1. F846.1. Perilous bed. Irish myth: *Cross.

F846.2. F846.2. Golden bed. India: Thompson-Balys.

F847. F847. Extraordinary web (of guts). Icelandic: Boberg.

F848. F848. Extraordinary ladder (stair).

F848.1. F848.1. Girl‘s long hair as ladder into tower. Rapunzel. *Type 310; BP I 99; Fb ”hеr“ IV 241b; Jacobs’s list s.v. ”Ladder of hair“; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II Nos. 1, 7.

F848.2. F848.2. Ladder of fingers (toes). *Kцhler-Bolte I 170f.

F848.3. F848.3. Ladder of bones. (Usually bones are stuck in side of steep and slippery mountain.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 171.--N. A. Indian (Plains Cree): Thompson Tales 141.

F848.4. F848.4. Ladder of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

F848.5. F848.5. Staircase of glass. *Roberts 178.

F851. F851. Extraordinary food. India: Thompson-Balys.

F852. F852. Extraordinary coffin. Jewish: *Neuman.

F852.1. F852.1. Glass coffin. Type 709; BP I 450ff., III 261; *Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien 113.

F852.1.1. F852.1.1. Series of glass coffins. (Cf. F852.4.) Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 8.

F852.2. F852.2. Golden coffin. Type 709; *Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien 115.--English: Child I 506, II 358f., 362, 366, IV 471, V 224 (gold and silver).

F852.3. F852.3. Silver coffin. Type 709; *Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien 115.

F852.4. F852.4. Series of enclosed coffins. Coffins of gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, and wood, each inside the other. (Cf. F852.1.1.) German: Zaunert Westfдlische Sagen (Jena, 1927) 12, 15, 141, Lachmann Ьberlinger Sagen (Konstanz, 1909) 48 No. 16.

F855. F855. Extraordinary image.

F855.1. F855.1. Image with pointing finger. Inscription says, ”Dig here.“ Treasure etc. found when directions are followed. Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 107; Herbert III 191.

F855.2. F855.2. Statues animated by water or wind. *Chauvin VI 53 No. 218.

F855.3. F855.3. Gold (silver) statue of animal. Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

F855.3.1. F855.3.1. Peacocks of gold. Penzer III 57.

F855.3.2. F855.3.2. Dogs of gold and silver. Penzer IX 9 n. 1.

F855.3.3. F855.3.3. Golden dove. Jewish: Neuman.

F855.4. F855.4. Image takes thousand men to carry it. Jewish: Neuman.

F856. F856. Extraordinary loom.

F856.1. F856.1. Loom made of woman‘s breasts with vagina as shuttle. India: Thompson-Balys.

F857. F857. Extraordinary broom (besom).

F857.1. F857.1. Golden besom (broom). India: Thompson-Balys.

F858. F858. Golden plow. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1931) 317.

F861. F861. Extraordinary wagon (cart, carriage, etc.) Icelandic: Boberg.

F861.1. F861.1. Golden wagon (chariot). Greek: Grote I 147.

F861.1.1. F861.1.1. Golden wagon drawn by moles. Fb ”guldvogn“ I 515b; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 461ff., (1931) 317ff.

F861.1.2. F861.1.2. Golden wagon drawn by four golden elephants. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 5.

F861.2. F861.2. Winged chariot. Type 575; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 157 n. 3.

F861.2.1. F861.2.1. Flying carts. Have winged framework. Chinese: Werner 391.

F861.2.2. F861.2.2. Scythed chariot. Irish myth: *Cross.

F861.3. F861.3. Wagon of jewels. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 4; Jewish: *Neuman.

F861.3.1. F861.3.1. Cart of lapis lazuli and gold with golden wheels. Babylonian: Gilgamesch-Epos VI 10.

F861.4. F861.4. Carriage from extraordinary material.

F861.4.1. F861.4.1. Carriage made from turnip. German: Grimm No. 63.

F861.4.2. F861.4.2. Wagon made from nutshell, drawn by duck. German: Grimm No. 10.

F861.4.3. F861.4.3. Carriage from pumpkin. Type 510 (Perrault’s version).

F861.4.4. F861.4.4. Chariots of fire. Jewish: *Neuman.

F862. F862. Extraordinary horseshoe.

F862.1. F862.1. Golden horseshoe. *Fb ”guldsko“ I 515a, ”guldsmed“ I 515a, ”hestesko“ IV 213b; Icelandic: Boberg; English: Child V 483 s.v. ”horse“ (silver before and gold behind).

F863. F863. Extraordinary chain. Missouri French: Carriиre.

F863.1. F863.1. Unbreakable chain. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chaоne“.

F863.2. F863.2. Chains of fire. Jewish: Neuman.

F864. F864. Extraordinary fetter.

F864.1. F864.1. Fetter for Fenris wolf. Made of sound caused by the footfall of cats, beards of women, roots of mountains, sinews of bears, breath of fish, and spittle of birds. Icelandic: Boberg.

F864.2. F864.2. Fetter for Loki. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F865. F865. Extraordinary pavement.

F865.1. F865.1. Pavement of pearl. Fb ”perle“ II 807b.

F866. F866. Extraordinary cup.

F866.1. F866.1. Cup of three hundred colors. Hartland Science 155.

F866.2. F866.2. Gigantic cup. Irish myth: Cross.

F866.2.1. F866.2.1. Gigantic drinking horn. Icelandic: Boberg.

F866.3. F866.3. Golden cup. Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1931) 316ff.

F866.3.1. F866.3.1. Golden drinking horn. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1931) 317.

F866.4. F866.4. Cup made of skulls. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

F866.5. F866.5. Cup of Gam‘s egg shell. (Cf. B31.2.) Icelandic: Boberg.

F866.6. F866.6. Extraordinarily costly drinking horn. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F866.7. F866.7. Extraordinary container used for fluids.

F866.7.1. F866.7.1. Hood holds wine as drinking horn. *Loomis White Magic 129.

F866.7.2. F866.7.2. Saint able to carry fluid (water, wine, or oil) in broken container, bottomless jar, etc. *Loomis White Magic 48.

F866.7.2.1. F866.7.2.1. Boy Jesus carries water in his cloak when water bottle is broken. *Loomis White Magic 41.

F867. F867. Extraordinary reel.

F867.1. F867.1. Golden reel. *Fb ”guldhaspe“ I 513.

F868. F868. Extraordinary saddle.

F868.1. F868.1. Golden saddle. Fb ”guldsadel“ I 514b; Icelandic: Boberg.

F871. F871. Sampo. One side flour mill; one, salt mill; one, mill for coining money. Finnish: Kalevala rune 10.

F872. F872. Extraordinary bath. Irish myth: *Cross.

F872.1. F872.1. Bath of milk. Type 507A; Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”bain“.

F872.2. F872.2. Bath of boiling oil. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”bain“; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F872.3. F872.3. Bath of blood. (Cf. F955.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F872.3.1. F872.3.1. Bath of blood of dragons, lions, adders, etc. Irish myth: Cross.

F872.4. F872.4. Bath of marrow. Irish myth: Cross.

F872.5. F872.5. Bath of molten lead (iron). Irish myth: Cross.

F872.5.1. F872.5.1. Bath of fire. Jewish: *Neuman.

F872.6. F872.6. Bath which makes one insensible for three days. India: Thompson-Balys.

F872.7. F872.7. Bath of balsam. (Cf. F162.2.5.) Jewish: Neuman.

F873. F873. Extraordinary army.

F873.0.1. F873.0.1. Battle rage. Makes army unconquerable. Irish myth: *Cross.

F873.1. F873.1. Troops of black, white, and red soldiers. One-third of an army of each. Wesselski Mдrchen 199.

F873.2. F873.2. Enormous army camp. Jewish: Neuman.

F874. F874. Horse’s head for extraordinary use. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F874.1. F874.1. Horse‘s head nailed over gate (door). *Fb ”hestehoved“ I 602.

F874.2. F874.2. Horse’s forehead as golden chair. Fb ”hestepande“ I 603.

F874.2.1. F874.2.1. Horse‘s skull used as pillow. German: Grimm No. 71.

F875. F875. Iron bands around heart to keep it from breaking. When master is disenchanted, bands around heart of faithful servant snap one by one. *Type 440; *BP I 1ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F876. F876. Golden spinning-wheel. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. II 136 nn. 77--119.

F877. F877. Extraordinary threads.

F877.1. F877.1. Gold (silver, copper) thread. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. II 147 nn. 359--367.

F878. F878. Egg used as shinny ball. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 74.

F881. F881. Extraordinary vessel.

F881.1. F881.1. Extraordinarily large vessel. Irish myth: Cross.

F881.1.1. F881.1.1. Gigantic cauldron. Irish myth: *Cross.

F881.1.2. F881.1.2. Gigantic ladle. Irish myth: Cross.

F881.2. F881.2. Vessel of human bones. Jewish: *Neuman.

F882. F882. Extraordinary fire. Irish myth: *Cross.

F882.1. F882.1. Extraordinary funeral pyre. India: Thompson-Balys.

F882.2. F882.2. Multicolored fires. Jewish: Neuman.

F883. F883. Extraordinary writings (book, letter). Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F883.1. F883.1. Extraordinary book. Icelandic: Boberg.

F883.1.1. F883.1.1. Book of glass. Irish myth: *Cross.

F883.1.2. F883.1.2. Book written with black fire on white fire (in God’s lap). Jewish: *Neuman.

F883.1.3. F883.1.3. Words of Decalogue legible on both sides. Jewish: Neuman.

F883.1.4. F883.1.4. Books unscathed by water and fire. Jewish: *Neuman.

F883.1.5. F883.1.5. Book made of sapphires. Jewish: *Neuman.

F883.1.6. F883.1.6. Heavenly books. Jewish: *Neuman.

F883.2. F883.2. Extraordinary letter (written on human skin). India: Thompson-Balys.

F883.2.1. F883.2.1. Letter shot into sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

F885. F885. Extraordinary field. India: Thompson-Balys.

F886. F886. Extraordinary key.

F886.1. F886.1. Golden key. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 461, (1931) 318.

F887. F887. Extraordinary implements. India: Thompson-Balys.

F887.1. F887.1. Extraordinary plow (made of snakes and drawn by tigers). India: Thompson-Balys.

F891. F891. Extraordinary still (with the beads of crocodiles, owls, and parrots as pots). India: Thompson-Balys.

F891.1. F891.1. Woman‘s body used as still. India: Thompson-Balys.

F893. F893. Extraordinary hearth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F894. F894. Extraordinary seat, covered with skins of lice. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F895. F895. Golden swing. India: Thompson-Balys.

F896. F896. Extraordinary threshing-floor. India: Thompson-Balys.

F899. F899. Other extraordinary objects.

F899.1. F899.1. Extraordinary standard. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F899.2. F899.2. Extraordinary game-board.

F899.2.1. F899.2.1. Golden game-board. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F899.3. F899.3. Enormous cage. Jewish: *Neuman.

F900--F1099.

F900--F1099. Extraordinary occurrences.

F900. F900. Extraordinary occurrences.

F900.1. F900.1. Miracles at certain times.

F900.1.1. F900.1.1. Wonders occur on Hallowe‘en. Irish myth: *Cross.

F900.1.2. F900.1.2. Miracles on first night of Passover. Jewish: *Neuman.

F900.2. F900.2. All miracles created by God at creation. Jewish: *Neuman.

F900.3. F900.3. Miracles cease.

F900.3.1. F900.3.1. Miracles in the desert come to an end with death of Miriam, Aaron and Moses. Jewish: Neuman.

F901. F901. Repeated death. (Cf. M341.2.4.2.)

F901.1. F901.1. Extraordinary threefold death: falling from rock and tree, drowning. Irish myth: *Cross.

F901.1.1. F901.1.1. Extraordinary threefold death: wounding, burning, drowning. Irish myth: Cross.

F901.2. F901.2. Extraordinary twofold death: burning, drowning. Irish myth: *Cross.

F910. F910. Extraordinary swallowings. *Plenzat Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. ”Fressmдrchen“; Irish: Plummer I clxxvi; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 428; West Indies: Flowers 436.

F911. F911. Person (animal) swallowed without killing. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F911.1. F911.1. Men swallow men.

F911.1.1. F911.1.1. God swallows his wife and incorporates her into his own being. (Cf. F1034.2.) Greek: Fox 156, 170, Grote I 9f.

F911.2. F911.2. Animals swallow animals. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 371, (Mpongwe): Nassau 34 No. 4.

F911.2.1. F911.2.1. Raven dwells inside a whale. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 465.

F911.3. F911.3. Animal swallows man (not fatally). *Types 123, 333, 700; Fb ”kat“ II 108b; Saintyves Perrault 227ff.; Persian: Carnoy 302; Hindu: Penzer IX 49.

F911.3.1. F911.3.1. Thumbling swallowed by animals. (Cf. F914.2.) *Type 700; BP I 389.

F911.3.2. F911.3.2. Winged serpent as boat: passengers within. Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 447.

F911.3.3. F911.3.3. Animal with men in its belly playing cards, etc. Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 447 n. 81.

F911.3.4. F911.3.4. Frog eats a rat, a baker, a man, and a horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

F911.4. F911.4. Jonah. Fish (or water monster) swallows a man. *Frazer Old Testament III 82; *H. Schmidt Jona 127f.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 18; Clouston Tales I 403ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 8, Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 IV 27, 275, *Neuman; Babylonian: Spence 87; India: *Thompson-Balys, *Penzer II 193, VI 154 n. 3, Keith 173; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 261; Oceanic (Cook Group, Melanesia, Indonesia): Dixon 69, De Vries‘s list No. 211; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 443; Marquesas: Handy 137; S. A. Indian (Bakairi): Alexander Lat. Am. 313.

F911.4.1. F911.4.1. Fish swallows ship. Hindu: Tawney II 599.

F911.4.1.1. F911.4.1.1. Party in canoe swallowed by great clam. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 260.

F911.4.1.2. F911.4.1.2. Serpent swallows canoe and occupant. Am. Indian (Ladino, Honduras and Nicaragua): Conzemius BBAE CVI 169.

F911.5. F911.5. Giant swallows man. Finnish: Kalevala rune 17.

F911.5.1. F911.5.1. Man builds boat and sails about in giant‘s belly. Finnish: Kalevala rune 17.

F911.6. F911.6. All-swallowing monster. Has whole towns of people and buildings, etc. inside. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 8 (fish); Africa: Werner African 198, (Zulu): Callaway 55, 78ff., 85ff., 192, 325, 332, (Kaffir): Theal 84, 139f., 176, (Mpongwe): Nassau 34, 46 Nos. 4, 6, (Basuto): Jacottet 70 No. 11, 76 No. 12, 122 No. 17, 214 No. 31, (Ibo Nigeria): Thomas 115, 203 No. 1.

F911.6.1. F911.6.1. Toad (as man) swallows all women’s earthenware. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685.

F911.7. F911.7. Serpent swallows man. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 686.

F912. F912. Victim kills swallower from within. Herbert III 196; Oesterley No. 251; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 86; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 291; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 321 n. 159; Africa: Werner African 199.

F912.1. F912.1. Victim kills swallower from within by burning. *Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 18; Hartland Perseus III 15; Finnish: Kalevala rune 17; Oceanic (Cook Group, Melanesia, Indonesia): Dixon 69; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 332ff.

F912.2. F912.2. Victim kills swallower from within by cutting. Irish myth: *Cross; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 55; New Hebrides: Codrington 365; Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 503; Marquesas: ibid 502; S. A. Indian (Eastern Brazil): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (1) 434; Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 60, (Kaffir): Theal 84, 176, (Basuto): Jacottet 122.

F912.3. F912.3. Swallowed person eats on swallower‘s liver (heart) until disgorged. (Cf. F914, F915.1.) India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 140.

F912.3.1. F912.3.1. Swallowed person tickles serpent’s throat and is disgorged. India: Thompson-Balys.

F913. F913. Victims rescued from swallower‘s belly. (Cf. X1723.1.) *Types 123, 333, 450, 700; *BP I 37, 40, 389; *Penzer VI 154 n. 3; Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 18; Saintyves Perrault 227ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 165, 372; Persian: Carnoy 302; Hindu: Keith 173; India: *Thompson-Balys; Oceanic (Cook Group, Melanesia, Indonesia, Australia): Dixon 69, 296; Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 175; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 321 n. 159a; S. A. Indian (Bakairi): Alexander Lat. Am. 313, (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 686; Africa: Werner African 221, (Zulu): Callaway 55, 78ff., 85ff., 325, 332, (Kaffir): Theal 84, 142, 176, (Basuto): Jacottet 72, 76, 214 Nos. 11, 12, 31; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 270 No. 82.

F913.1. F913.1. Smith swallowed by water-monster and rescued by saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

F913.2. F913.2. Deity lights a great fire, and all the children ogress has devoured come out of it. India: Thompson-Balys.

F914. F914. Person swallowed and disgorged. *Frazer Old Testament III 82; *H. Schmidt Jona 127f.; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Babylonian: Spence 87; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 211; West Indies: Flowers 436.

F914.1. F914.1. Princess stands in middle of dried-up tank so serpent will release the water, which he had swallowed up completely. India: Thompson-Balys.

F914.2. F914.2. Buffalo sucks hero with water it is drinking and throws him up again in game of hide-and-seek. (Cf. F911.3.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F914.3. F914.3. Tigress swallows abandoned baby again and again, but it comes out from behind. India: Thompson-Balys.

F915. F915. Victim speaks from swallower‘s body. *Type 700; BP I 389; Alphabet No. 335; Irish: Plummer cxliii; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 8; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 58; West Indies: Flowers 436ff.

F915.1. F915.1. Victim pecks on swallower’s stomach. (Cf. F912.3.) Bird eaten by king pecks on his stomach. King vomits and bird escapes. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 37 No. 244; Japanese: Ikeda.

F916. F916. One animal jumps through body of another.

F916.1. F916.1. Monkey jumps through body of tiger. Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 46.

F916.2. F916.2. Whelp leaps through body of hound. Irish myth: Cross.

F917. F917. Monster swallows people through anus. India: Thompson-Balys.

F921. F921. Swallowed person becomes bald. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 132, 437; Tuamotu: ibid 503; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 159b.

F921.1. F921.1. Swallowed person becomes boneless. S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 686.

F922. F922. Swallowed person bereft of clothing. Irish myth: *Cross.

F923. F923. Tent-house folded and swallowed as means of carrying it. Africa (Benga): Nassau 208ff. No. 33.

F929. F929. Extraordinary swallowings--miscellaneous.

F929.1. F929.1. Elephant allows jackal to quench his thirst by entering through his mouth to his stomach. India: Thompson-Balys.

F929.2. F929.2. Man swallows reptiles. Jewish: Neuman.

F929.2.1. F929.2.1. Person unwittingly swallows snake, which kills him. India: Thompson-Balys.

F930. F930. Extraordinary occurrences concerning seas or waters.

F930.1. F930.1. Book dropped in water by saint not wet. *Loomis White Magic 39f.--Irish: Plummer cxxxviii, *Cross.

F930.1.0.1. F930.1.0.1. Dashing sea does not touch saint’s cowl. (Cf. D1067.3.1, F931.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

F930.1.0.2. F930.1.0.2. Robe sent to saint on stream not wet. (Cf. D1052.) Irish myth: Cross.

F930.2. F930.2. Waters rise to drown wrongdoer. Irish myth: *Cross.

F930.3. F930.3. Water sinks to bottom, mud rises to surface to keep prophet from drowning. Jewish: *Neuman.

F930.4. F930.4. Waters transformed to blood for Egyptians but not for Hebrews. (Cf. D474.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F930.5. F930.5. Water stops flowing when no longer needed. Jewish: Neuman.

F930.6. F930.6. Water chants song. (Cf. D1614.4, F931.12.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F930.7. F930.7. Waters dissolve mill-stones. Jewish: *Neuman.

F930.8. F930.8. Chewed nut spread on waters clarifies them. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 436.

F931. F931. Extraordinary occurrence connected with sea.

F931.1. F931.1. Sea rises and changes place. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 135 No. 89.

F931.1.1. F931.1.1. Sea rises at saint‘s command. Irish myth: Cross.

F931.2. F931.2. Fish disappear from sea. Punishment for woman’s having washed a child with a fish. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 47 No. 90; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 135 No. 90.

F931.3. F931.3. Sea does not encroach on burial place of saint. (Cf. F930.1.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F931.3.1. F931.3.1. Sea behaves like solid earth when man is buried in it. Irish myth: *Cross.

F931.4. F931.4. Extraordinary behavior of waves. Irish myth: *Cross.

F931.4.1. F931.4.1. Waves reverberate at preparation for battle. Irish myth: Cross.

F931.4.2. F931.4.2. Waves moan (shriek) during battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

F931.5. F931.5. Extraordinary shipwreck in calm weather. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F931.6. F931.6. Fishing under sea. Irish myth: *Cross.

F931.7. F931.7. Sea changes color. German: Grimm No. 19; Jewish: *Neuman.

F931.8. F931.8. Sea fettered. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F931.9. F931.9. Passing through sea unscathed. (Cf. D1551.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F931.9.1. F931.9.1. Waters of sea arch over people like a vault. (Cf. F932.2.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F931.9.2. F931.9.2. Sea yields people whatever they desire. Jewish: *Neuman.

F931.9.2.1. F931.9.2.1. Sea flows sweet water. Jewish: Neuman.

F931.9.2.2. F931.9.2.2. Sea bears fruits. Jewish: Neuman.

F931.9.3. F931.9.3. Paths open up in sea for each tribe (one for each of Israel‘s tribes). Jewish: *Neuman.

F931.10. F931.10. Sea piles up to height of sixteen hundred miles. Jewish: Neuman.

F931.11. F931.11. Speaking sea. (Cf. D1610, F932.12.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F931.12. F931.12. Seas sing hymns of praise. (Cf. F930.6.) Jewish: Neuman.

F932. F932. Extraordinary occurrences connected with rivers.

F932.1. F932.1. River pursues fugitive. Fb ”е“ III 1187a; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 209 n. 8; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 63.

F932.2. F932.2. River arches over saint’s body like a vault. (Cf. F931.9.1, V220.) *Ward Catalogue II 640 No. 17; Crane Miraculis 104 No. 40.

F932.3. F932.3. Stream becomes hot in which saint performs his ascetic devotions. Irish: Plummer cxxxviii.

F932.4. F932.4. Well of oil runs into river. Miracle. Alphabet No. 550.

F932.5. F932.5. River acts as messenger.

F932.5.1. F932.5.1. River carries object to saint. Irish myth: Cross.

F932.6. F932.6. River ceases to flow. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F932.6.1. F932.6.1. River dries up for a day. Irish myth: Cross.

F932.6.2. F932.6.2. River dries up its waters out of sympathy. India: Thompson-Balys.

F932.6.3. F932.6.3. In dead of night waters of stream cease flowing and stand perfectly still. India: Thompson-Balys.

F932.7. F932.7. River boils. Irish myth: Cross.

F932.7.1. F932.7.1. River boils when ashes of hearts are cast into it. Irish myth: *Cross.

F932.8. F932.8. River rises and overflows.

F932.8.1. F932.8.1. River rises to prevent body’s being carried over it against dying man‘s wish. Irish myth: Cross.

F932.8.2. F932.8.2. River rises to prevent advance of army. Irish myth: *Cross.

F932.8.2.1. F932.8.2.1. River rises to prevent meeting of hostile armies. Irish myth: *Cross.

F932.8.3. F932.8.3. River rises to prevent escape of thieves. Irish myth: Cross.

F932.8.4. F932.8.4. Treacherous river overflows and drowns victims. Irish myth: Cross.

F932.8.5. F932.8.5. Shallow river rushes up to drown man. India: Thompson-Balys.

F932.8.6. F932.8.6. River piles up to a height of three hundred miles. Jewish: Neuman.

F932.9. F932.9. Ford across impassable river created by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

F932.10. F932.10. River divides into two parts after rape in its bed. India: Thompson-Balys.

F932.11. F932.11. Firelike waters of river used by strange beings to cook flesh. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 171.

F932.12. F932.12. Speaking river (brook). (Cf. D1614.4, F930.6, F931.11.) Jewish: Neuman.

F933. F933. Extraordinary occurrences connected with springs.

F933.1. F933.1. Miraculous spring bursts forth for holy person. Dh II 26; *Toldo VI 310ff.; Saintyves Le Miracle de l’apparition des eaux dans ses relations avec les liturgies paпennes et chrйtiennes (Revue de l‘Universitй de Bruxelles, 1912, 265--94); Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

F933.1.1. F933.1.1. Spring bursts forth where saint spills water from his bell. Irish myth: *Cross.

F933.1.2. F933.1.2. Magic spring flows from roots of tree at command of Jesus. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F933.1.3. F933.1.3. Well rises so holy person does not have to draw from it. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F933.1.3.1. F933.1.3.1. Well rises so maiden can draw without exerting herself. Jewish: *Neuman.

F933.1.3.2. F933.1.3.2. Well rises for pious man’s sheep. Jewish: *Neuman.

F933.2. F933.2. Dry spring restored by removal of certain stone. Christiansen FFC XXIV 87.

F933.3. F933.3. At certain time sheep thrown into well become crimson. Irish myth: Cross.

F933.4. F933.4. Severed head of impious man in well causes water to become bitter during part of each day. Irish myth: *Cross.

F933.5. F933.5. Rushes uprooted reveal spring. Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F933.6. F933.6. Spring miraculously breaks forth against wrongdoer. Irish myth: *Cross.

F933.6.1. F933.6.1. Desecrated well overflows. Irish myth: *Cross.

F933.7. F933.7. Well floods when gazed upon until mass is said over it. Irish myth: Cross.

F933.8. F933.8. Bones of bird constantly thrown up from well. Irish myth: Cross.

F934. F934. Extraordinary occurrences connected with lakes. Irish myth: Cross.

F934.1. F934.1. Gravel rises from bottom as hero enters lake. Irish myth: *Cross.

F934.2. F934.2. Lake rises from bramble bush. Irish myth: Cross.

F934.3. F934.3. Lake petrifies wood. Irish myth: Cross.

F934.4. F934.4. Lake disappears. Irish myth: Cross.

F934.5. F934.5. When dead man‘s body is thrown into lake, water turns pitch black and all living creatures therein die. India: Thompson-Balys.

F935. F935. Extraordinary occurrences connected with pond (pool, tank).

F935.1. F935.1. Huge tank has no water in spite of plentiful rains. India: Thompson-Balys.

F935.2. F935.2. Ice forms while fish leaps from pool. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 74.

F940. F940. Extraordinary underground (underwater) disappearance. *Fb ”synke“; Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 136; Юorsteinssaga Vikingssona 417, 421, 432; Бsmundarsaga Kappabana (Zwei Fornaldarsogur ed. F. Detter, Halle a. S. 1891) 82; Gцngu Hrуlfssaga 330, 339; Sцrla saga sterka (FAS III) 440, 444, 446; Hjбlmthиrssaga ok Цlvis 471; Chinese: Graham.

F941. F941. Building sinks into earth. Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 79; Jewish: *Neuman.

F941.1. F941.1. Castle sinks into earth. Wesselski Mдrchen 200; Jewish: Neuman.

F941.2. F941.2. Church sinks underground.

F941.2.1. F941.2.1. Church sinks: song heard from underground. *Fb ”kirke“ IV 258b; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 47 No. 87; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 134 No. 87.

F941.2.2. F941.2.2. Church and congregation sink to bottom of sea. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 86**; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 134 No. 86.

F941.2.3. F941.2.3. Temple swallowed by earth. Jewish: Neuman.

F941.3. F941.3. Tower sinks into earth.

F941.3.1. F941.3.1. Unfinished Tower of Babel sinks into earth. (Cf. F772.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

F942. F942. Man sinks into earth. U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 372, Rasmussen III 185, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 182; West Indies: Flowers 438.

F942.1. F942.1. Ground opens and swallows up person. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 327; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 63 (Althaimenes), 227 (Persephone), Frazer Apollodorus II 241 n. 5; Jewish: *Neuman; Africa: Werner African 200.

F942.1.1. F942.1.1. Ground opens to hide fugitive. U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 28.

F942.2. F942.2. Ground cut from under adversary. Irish myth: *Cross.

F942.2.1. F942.2.1. Adversary pushed into ground. Irish myth: *Cross.

F942.3. F942.3. Earth opens at man’s command. India: Thompson-Balys.

F942.3.1. F942.3.1. Earth opens at woman‘s bidding to enclose her. India: Thompson-Balys.

F943. F943. Sinking into mud in duel. Icelandic: Boberg; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 96; Lithuanian: Leskien-Brugmann 385 No. 10, 557 No. 14; Greek: Hahn Griechische und albanesische Mдrchen II 273; Egyptian: Maspero Contes populaire de l’Egypte ancienne (Paris, 1882) 191; Africa: Meinhof Afrikanische 78, Frobenius Atlantis X 212.

F943.1. F943.1. Man sinks into stone. Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 98.

F944. F944. City sinks in the sea. Schmersel Die Sage von der versunkenen Stadt; Schьtte Danske Studier (1925) 117; Le Braz Lйgende de la Mort (Paris, 1902); **Smyser Harward Studies and Notes Phil. and Lit. XV (1933) 49ff.; England: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3610.

F944.1. F944.1. City sinks in sea or lake as punishment. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

F944.2. F944.2. Ancient homeland sinks beneath the waves. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 75.

F944.3. F944.3. Island sinks into sea. Tonga: Gifford 185.

F944.4. F944.4. Earth splits and plain sinks to become bottom of lake when tabu is broken. Africa (Congo): Johnson Grenfell 817.

F945. F945. Person gradually submerged by sea. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F947. F947. Ground opens and swallows forest. Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman.

F948. F948. Object sinks into earth.

F948.1. F948.1. Ground opens and swallows heathen idols. Irish myth: *Cross.

F948.1.1. F948.1.1. Earth swallows up Temple vessels. Jewish: Neuman.

F948.2. F948.2. Ground opens and swallows other object. Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Graham.

F948.3. F948.3. Magic object sinks into earth. Irish myth: Cross.

F948.4. F948.4. Extraordinary sword sinks into earth after use. Icelandic: Boberg.

F948.5. F948.5. City is buried under sand. England: *Baughman.

F949. F949. Extraordinary underground (underwater) disappearance--miscellaneous.

F949.1. F949.1. Animal sinks into earth. Irish myth: Cross.

F949.1.1. F949.1.1. Ground opens and swallows demoniac wasps. Irish myth: Cross.

F949.2. F949.2. Man falls underground through hole. Chinese: Graham.

F950. F950. Marvelous cures. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F950.1. F950.1. Sickness cured by napkin of Veronica. English: Wells 156 (Temporale).

F950.2. F950.2. Extreme anger as cure for sickness. (Cf. F955.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 358; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F950.2.1. F950.2.1. Wife cures self of catarrh by calling to husband fondling maid at bedside. Heptameron No. 71.

F950.3. F950.3. Measuring sick as means of cure. Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 151; England, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman.

F950.4. F950.4. Sickness (madness) cured by coition. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 55, 90; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

F950.5. F950.5. Extreme fear as cure for sickness. Irish myth: *Cross.

F950.6. F950.6. Sucking through tubes heals wounds. (Cf. F959.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

F950.7. F950.7. Marvelous cure without seeing person. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F950.8. F950.8. Princess cured by seeing her lost lover dance. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/10).

F950.9. F950.9. Healing by sprinkling water and replacing flesh. Chinese: Graham.

F952. F952. Blindness miraculously cured. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”aveugle“; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 25.

F952.0.1. F952.0.1. Sight miraculously restored while poet writes hymn (poem). Irish myth: *Cross.

F952.0.2. F952.0.2. Blinded prince forces goddess to give him back his sight. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F952.1. F952.1. Blindness cured by tears. *Type 310; BP I 97, 99.

F952.2. F952.2. Blindness healed by sun’s rays. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 32.

F952.3. F952.3. Blindness cured by rubbing sand on eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F952.3.1. F952.3.1. Blindness cured by striking eyes. (Cf. F953.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/931).

F952.3.1.1. F952.3.1.1. Blindness cured by striking eyes with shell. Africa (Nyanja): Rattray Some Folk-Lore Stories and Songs in Chinyanja (London, 1907) 149ff. No. 24.

F952.3.2. F952.3.2. Blindness cured by rubbing eyes with flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

F952.4. F952.4. Blindness cured by striking head violently on tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

F952.5. F952.5. Blindness cured by application of chicken dung. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Nyanja): Rattray Some Folk-Lore Stories and Songs in Chinyanja (London, 1907) 149ff. No. 24.

F952.6. F952.6. Blindness cured by drop of water from side of crucified Saviour. Irish myth: *Cross.

F952.7. F952.7. Eyes restored by bathing in lake (spring). Irish myth: *Cross.

F953. F953. Cripple marvelously cured. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

F953.1. F953.1. Hunchback cured by having hump severely beaten. India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 233; Africa (Nyanja): Rattray Some Folk-Lore Stories and Songs in Chinyanja (London, 1907) 149ff. No. 24.

F954. F954. Dumb person brought to speak. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 438.

F954.1. F954.1. Thread under dumb man’s tongue cut. This permits him to speak. Dickson 217.

F954.2. F954.2. Dumbness cured by question.

F954.2.1. F954.2.1. Dumb princess is brought to speech by tale ending with a question to be solved. *Type 945; BP III 53ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 534.

F954.2.2. F954.2.2. Dumbness cured by saint‘s question. Irish myth: Cross.

F954.3. F954.3. Fainting brings recovery of speech. English: Wells 137 (Sir Gowther).

F954.4. F954.4. Chilli plant so hot it causes dumb man to speak: thus discovered for eating. India: Thompson-Balys.

F954.4.1. F954.4.1. Flea (magic) enters princess’ throat and helps hero make her speak. India: Thompson-Balys.

F954.5. F954.5. Person made to speak by warning of danger. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F955. F955. Miraculous cure for leprosy. Rage at hearing for first time of Christ‘s passion causes cure. (Cf. F950.3.) Irish: Beal XXI 306; English: Wells 155 (Temporale).

F955.1. F955.1. Blood-bath as cure for leprosy. (Cf. F872.3.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

F956. F956. Extraordinary diagnosis. Irish myth: *Cross.

F956.1. F956.1. Detailed diagnosis by feeling pulse. *Chauvin V 136 No. 64.

F956.2. F956.2. Illegitimacy of child discovered by urinalysis. *Campbell Sages lxxxiv (Medicus).

F956.3. F956.3. Diagnosis based on smoke rising from house of sick. Irish myth: *Cross.

F956.4. F956.4. Physician, by examining wound can tell whether it was inflicted by a man or a woman and describe him or her in detail. Irish myth: *Cross.

F957. F957. Cure by physician’s imitating sick man‘s actions. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 360.

F958. F958. Mountebank undertakes to bring the city’s incurables back to health. Effects marvelous cures. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F959. F959. Marvelous cures--miscellaneous.

F959.1. F959.1. Madness miraculously cured.

F959.1.1. F959.1.1. Senses regained when person speaks his name. Irish myth: Cross.

F959.2. F959.2. Cross-eyes straighted when hero sets head of slain opponent upon his own. Irish myth: Cross.

F959.2.1. F959.2.1. Deformity cured by waves of sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F959.3. F959.3. Miraculous cure of wound.

F959.3.1. F959.3.1. Dreadful wound healed. Irish myth: *Cross.

F959.3.2. F959.3.2. Gaping wound closed with slab of wood. Irish myth: Cross.

F959.3.3. F959.3.3. Wounds healed by bath of marrow. Irish myth: Cross.

F959.3.4. F959.3.4. Weapon (missile) miraculously removed.

F959.3.4.1. F959.3.4.1. Saint‘s palm over wound causes spearhead to come forth. Irish myth: Cross.

F959.3.5. F959.3.5. Fat of crow as remedy for king’s wounds. India: Thompson-Balys.

F959.4. F959.4. Paunch opened and fat taken out to cure stomach. Icelandic: Boberg.

F959.5. F959.5. Cure for deadly snake bite. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 679.

F959.6. F959.6. Marvelous cure for poison.

F959.6.1. F959.6.1. Enemy cured by poisoned cake he has sent to holy man in order to destroy him. India: Thompson-Balys.

F959.6.2. F959.6.2. Immunity to poison by eating poisons. (Mithridates.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 284.

F960. F960. Extraordinary nature phenomena--elements and weather.

F960.1. F960.1. Extraordinary nature phenomena at birth of holy person (hero). *Dh II 11; Toldo I 327, 335; Irish: Plummer cxxxvii, *Cross; Jewish: Gaster Exempla 216 No. 141 (142); Alphabet Nos. 549, 552; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 682, 788, 969, II 325, 1014, 1245, 1339; Japanese: Ikeda; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 71, 390.

F960.1.1. F960.1.1. Extraordinary nature phenomena at birth of royalty. India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.1.1.1. F960.1.1.1. Thunder report at birth of king. (Cf. F968.) Irish myth: Cross.

F960.1.1.2. F960.1.1.2. Shower of gold and silver rains upon king‘s ship at birth of his children. India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.1.1.3. F960.1.1.3. Storm signs betray newly born child’s chiefly rank. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 428.

F960.1.2. F960.1.2. Extraordinary nature phenomena at birth of hero. (Cf. T583, V222.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F960.1.2.1. F960.1.2.1. Extraordinary precipitation at birth of hero. (Cf. F962.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.1.2.1.1. F960.1.2.1.1. Shower of lotuses at birth of hero. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 131.

F960.1.3. F960.1.3. Exhibition of lights at saint‘s birth. Loomis White Magic 21.

F960.1.4. F960.1.4. Bells ring without human hands when a saint is born. Loomis White Magic 23.

F960.1.5. F960.1.5. Extraordinary nature phenomena at rebirth: nine worlds tremble. India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.1.6. F960.1.6. When girl (princess) is born, earth is filled with light. India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.2. F960.2. Extraordinary nature phenomena at death of holy person (hero). Irish myth: *Cross.

F960.2.1. F960.2.1. Nature fruitless after death of hero. Irish myth: Cross.

F960.2.2. F960.2.2. Rainbow stretches from monastery to heaven at saint’s death. Irish myth: Cross.

F960.2.3. F960.2.3. Rock bursts into flames at hero‘s death. (Cf. F964.3.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

F960.2.4. F960.2.4. Great light appears on night of holy man’s death. Irish myth: *Cross.

F960.2.5. F960.2.5. Earthquake at death of important person.

F960.2.5.1. F960.2.5.1. Earthquake when good man is murdered. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F960.2.5.2. F960.2.5.2. Earthquake at witch‘s death. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F960.2.5.3. F960.2.5.3. Earthquake at dragon’s death. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F960.2.6. F960.2.6. Winter‘s day changes to summer’s day at saint‘s funeral. *Loomis White Magic 96.

F960.2.6.1. F960.2.6.1. Sun shines but two hours the day of hero’s funeral. Jewish: Neuman.

F960.3. F960.3. Extraordinary nature phenomena during furious battle. (Cf. F1084.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F960.3.1. F960.3.1. Nature‘s lament at the Temple’s destruction. Jewish: *Neuman.

F960.4. F960.4. Extraordinary nature phenomena at anger of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

F960.5. F960.5. Extraordinary nature phenomena at prisoner‘s miraculous release. Irish myth: Cross.

F960.6. F960.6. Extraordinary nature phenomena on night of fratricide. (Cf. S73.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F960.7. F960.7. Extraordinary nature phenomena at cruel treatment of innocent person. India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.8. F960.8. Extraordinary nature phenomena at moving of saint’s remains. India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.9. F960.9. Earthquake announces victorious return of hero after long absence. India: Thompson-Balys.

F960.10. F960.10. Extraordinary natural phenomena at giving of Tora at Mount Sinai. Jewish: Neuman.

F961. F961. Extraordinary behavior of heavenly bodies.

F961.0.1. F961.0.1. Several suns or moons appearing in sky simultaneously. Hatt Asiatic Influences 73--78.

F961.0.2. F961.0.2. Eclipse of sun and moon in God‘s proximity. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.0.3. F961.0.3. Heavenly bodies lament. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.0.3.1. F961.0.3.1. Sun, moon, and stars do not shine seven days, mourning Adam’s death. Jewish: Neuman.

F961.0.4. F961.0.4. God‘s praise chanted by the heavenly bodies. (Cf. A659.1, A767.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.0.5. F961.0.5. Heavenly bodies bear witness for and against man. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.0.6. F961.0.6. Heavens bleed. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.1. F961.1. Extraordinary behavior of sun. (Cf. F965.) Icelandic: Boberg.

F961.1.1. F961.1.1. Sun refuses to shine when murder is done. *BP II 531 n. 1.--Icelandic: Boberg.

F961.1.2. F961.1.2. Sun travels from west to east. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 164 n. 1; Jewish: Gaster Exempla 185 No. 2b, 201 No. 78, *Neuman.

F961.1.2.1. F961.1.2.1. Sun returns to sunrise to help sick man. Irish myth: Cross.

F961.1.3. F961.1.3. Several suns in sky.

F961.1.3.1. F961.1.3.1. Two suns shine in sky. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F961.1.3.2. F961.1.3.2. Three suns shine in sky. Alphabet No. 552.

F961.1.4. F961.1.4. Sun warns man of approaching assassin. Africa (Fang): Trilles 94.

F961.1.5. F961.1.5. Sun shines during night. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.1.5.1. F961.1.5.1. Sun shines for twelve days and nights after death of holy person. Irish myth: *Cross.

F961.1.5.2. F961.1.5.2. Sun reappears after being set. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.1.5.3. F961.1.5.3. Sun does not set. Jewish: Neuman.

F961.1.5.3.1. F961.1.5.3.1. Sunset delayed many hours. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.1.6. F961.1.6. Sun does not shine on island of druidry. Irish myth: Cross.

F961.1.7. F961.1.7. Sun turned from one hour to another through the prayer of saint (Moses). Irish myth: *Cross.

F961.1.8. F961.1.8. Sun appears color of blood. Irish myth: Cross.

F961.1.9. F961.1.9. Eclipse of sun at important historical events. (Cf. A737.) Jewish: Neuman.

F961.1.10. F961.1.10. Sun sets early to hide fugitive. (Cf. R310.) Jewish: Neuman.

F961.2. F961.2. Extraordinary behavior of stars. Irish myth: *Cross.

F961.2.1. F961.2.1. Bright star indicates birth of holy person. *Toldo I 327; Matthew 2: 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Babylonian: Spence 53.

F961.2.2. F961.2.2. Hairy star. Irish myth: *Cross.

F961.2.3. F961.2.3. Star shines in day. Irish myth: Cross.

F961.2.4. F961.2.4. Stars and planets speak. Jewish: Neuman.

F961.2.5. F961.2.5. Speaking star. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/191).

F961.2.5.1. F961.2.5.1. Constellations bewail man’s death. Jewish: Neuman.

F961.2.6. F961.2.6. Fighting stars melt iron chariots. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.2.7. F961.2.7. Star swallows four other stars. Jewish: *Neuman.

F961.2.8. F961.2.8. Star moves from west to east. Jewish: Neuman.

F961.2.9. F961.2.9. Stars drop on grave during conjuration. (Cf. F962.3.) Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 276.

F961.3. F961.3. Extraordinary behavior of moon. Irish myth: Cross.

F961.3.1. F961.3.1. Moon turns to blood. Irish myth: *Cross.

F961.3.2. F961.3.2. Many moons at the same time. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F961.3.3. F961.3.3. Moon warns sleeping man of approaching assassin. Africa (Fang): Tessman 93.

F962. F962. Extraordinary precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 18, 110, Beal XXI 306, 334.

F962.0.1. F962.0.1. Gifts are obtained or fall from heaven: flowers (roses), crown of gold, blossoms or thorns, bells, gems, books, sword, etc. *Loomis White Magic 88.

F962.0.2. F962.0.2. Storm overturns idol. Jewish: Neuman.

F962.1. F962.1. Electric storm breaks island into three parts. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.2. F962.2. Fire from heaven. *Saintyves Essais de folklore biblique 1ff.; Irish: Plummer cxxxvii, cxxxviii, *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Moreno Esdras, *Neuman.

F962.2.1. F962.2.1. Sacrifice consumed by heavenly fire. Jewish: *Neuman.

F962.2.2. F962.2.2. Pillar of fire reaches from heaven to earth. (Cf. F774.2.1.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F962.2.3. F962.2.3. Fire from heaven cannot be quenched by water. Jewish: Neuman.

F962.2.4. F962.2.4. Fire from heaven burns and freezes. Jewish: *Neuman.

F962.2.5. F962.2.5. Extraordinary hot rain. Jewish: *Neuman.

F962.3. F962.3. Star drops from heaven: is money. BP III 233.

F962.4. F962.4. Shower of blood. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Marquesas: Handy 65.

F962.4.1. F962.4.1. Shower of blood for three days and three nights. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.4.2. F962.4.2. Dew of blood from fingers of repentant woman. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.5. F962.5. Extraordinary hailstones.

F962.5.1. F962.5.1. Storm of gigantic hailstones. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.5.1.1. F962.5.1.1. Hailstones, each as large as a crabapple. Irish myth: Cross (F194.1.)

F962.5.2. F962.5.2. Rain of fiery hailstones. Jewish: *Neuman.

F962.5.3. F962.5.3. Triangular hailstones. Irish myth: Cross (F794.2).

F962.6. F962.6. Shower of food. Jewish: Neuman.

F962.6.1. F962.6.1. Shower of wheat. Irish myth: *Cross.

F962.6.2. F962.6.2. Shower of manna. *Loomis White Magic 87; Jewish: Neuman.

F962.6.3. F962.6.3. Shower of honey. Irish myth: *Cross.

F962.6.4. F962.6.4. Shower of oil. *Loomis White Magic 87.

F962.7. F962.7. Extraordinary dew.

F962.7.1. F962.7.1. Sweet dew. Icelandic: Boberg.

F962.8. F962.8. Other extraordinary showers.

F962.8.1. F962.8.1. Shower of silver (money). Irish myth: *Cross.

F962.8.2. F962.8.2. Rain of jewels. Jewish: Neuman.

F962.9. F962.9. Icicles gathered by saint as firewood burn. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.10. F962.10. Extraordinary mist (darkness). Irish myth: *Cross.

F962.10.1. F962.10.1. Mist settles over lake after fight with serpent. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.11. F962.11. Extraordinary snow.

F962.11.1. F962.11.1. Snow has taste of wine. Irish myth: *Cross.

F962.12. F962.12. Holy object falls from heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.12.1. F962.12.1. Crozier falls from heaven for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.12.2. F962.12.2. Altar cloths descend from heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.12.3. F962.12.3. Marvelous picture falls from sky in storm. Pauli (ed. Bolte) 319 No. 558.

F962.12.4. F962.12.4. Written scroll (letter) received from heaven. Irish myth: *Cross.

F962.12.5. F962.12.5. Mysterious leaf falls on church altar. Irish myth: Cross.

F962.13. F962.13. Raindrops as large as man‘s hand. India: Thompson-Balys.

F963. F963. Extraordinary behavior of wind.

F963.1. F963.1. Wind serves Solomon as horse and carries him everywhere. Dh I 321.

F963.2. F963.2. Extraordinary wind blows arrows shot against Christians back against enemy. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F963.3. F963.3. Extraordinary wind bursts open locked doors of church to show that dead pope is worthy of burial there. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F963.4. F963.4. Wind carries ogre to his castle. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

F964. F964. Extraordinary behavior of fire. Irish myth: Cross.

F964.0.1. F964.0.1. Pillar of fire (in sky). Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

F964.1. F964.1. Fire bends bough to shape of crozier. (Cf. F979.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

F964.2. F964.2. Fire spares saint‘s tunic, though wearer is burned. Irish myth: Cross.

F964.3. F964.3. Fire from extraordinary fuel.

F964.3.1. F964.3.1. Extraordinary lamps burn with urine. India: Thompson-Balys.

F964.3.2. F964.3.2. Extraordinary blood catches fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

F964.3.3. F964.3.3. Extraordinary corpse burns of its own accord. India: Thompson-Balys.

F964.3.4. F964.3.4. Extraordinary stone catches fire. (Cf. F960.2.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F964.4. F964.4. Blazing stick continues to burn even in water. India: Thompson-Balys.

F964.5. F964.5. Indra’s tank blazes like gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

F965. F965. Premature darkness. (Cf. F961.1.)

F965.1. F965.1. Darkness comes in daytime in order to save life of maiden about to be executed. Chinese: Werner 266.

F965.1.1. F965.1.1. Premature darkness at time of execution of innocent people. U.S.: Baughman.

F965.2. F965.2. Sun darkened at death of holy person. Usener Kleine Schriften IV 307; Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F965.2.1. F965.2.1. Sun does not rise at death of hero. Irish myth: Cross.

F965.3. F965.3. Impenetrable darkness. Jewish: *Neuman.

F965.4. F965.4. Extraordinary darkness not dispelled by artificial means. Jewish: Neuman.

F966. F966. Voices from heaven (or from the air). *Penzer X 220 s.v. ”Heaven“; Alphabet No. 800; *Loomis White Magic 53; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 314, 318, O‘Suilleabhain 38, 49; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 367, *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F967. F967. Extraordinary behavior of clouds.

F967.1. F967.1. Clouds protect fugitives. Jewish: *Neuman.

F967.2. F967.2. Clouds with fragrance from paradise. Jewish: Neuman.

F967.3. F967.3. Conversation between clouds. Jewish: Neuman.

F967.4. F967.4. Thin cloud in form of rainbow. Irish myth: Cross.

F968. F968. Extraordinary thunder and lightning. Irish myth: Cross.

F968.1. F968.1. Electric storm kills a thousand. Irish myth: *Cross.

F969. F969. Extraordinary nature phenomena--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

F969.1. F969.1. Skies open, revealing heavenly company. Irish myth: Cross.

F969.2. F969.2. Earth rises. Irish myth: Cross.

F969.3. F969.3. Marvelous light. Irish myth: Cross.

F969.3.1. F969.3.1. Marvelous light reveals man hiding from saint. Irish myth: Cross.

F969.3.2. F969.3.2. Hero‘s light: appears around head of hero aroused to extraordinary feats of valor. Irish myth: *Cross.

F969.4. F969.4. Extraordinary earthquake.

F969.4.1. F969.4.1. Rumble in earth attends slaying of giant serpent. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 65.

F969.4.2. F969.4.2. Fight with monster child causes earth to rock like waves of the sea. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 66.

F969.5. F969.5. Cultivated places suddenly become desert. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (F964).

F969.6. F969.6. Sandhill grows around lover keeping watch till it covers all but his head. India: Thompson-Balys.

F969.7. F969.7. Famine. Icelandic: *Boberg; Hindu: Bradley-Birt 121.

F970. F970. Extraordinary behavior of trees and plants. Irish: Beal XXI 308, O’Suilleabhain 27.

F971. F971. Miraculous blossoming and bearing of fruit. Krappe Revue Hispanique LVI (1922) 5--24.

F971.1. F971.1. Dry rod blossoms. *Type 756 ABC, 757; BP III 463, 465, 471 n. 1; *Dh II 265ff.; Fb ”nеde“ II 726b, ”stav“ III 541b; RTP IX 504, XIII 505, XV 61, XIX 66, 336, 532, XXI 123, XXV 141; **Andrejev FFC LIV 34, LXIX 126, 129ff., 241ff.; Saintyves Essais de folklore biblique 61ff.; Zs. f. Vksk. X 196f., XIII 72, XV 393; Alphabet No. 568; *Loomis White Magic 94, 114; Goebel Jьdische Motive im mдrchenhafte Erzдhlungsgut (Gleiwitz, 1932) 34ff.; Irish: Plummer cliv, *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 108, Beal XXI 318, 334; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 186; Jewish: *Neuman; West Indies: Flowers 438.

F971.1.1. F971.1.1. Dry rod blossoms on night of saint’s birth. Irish myth: Cross.

F971.1.2. F971.1.2. Witch‘s horse-switch blossoms. Irish myth: Cross.

F971.1.3. F971.1.3. Moss grows on staff overnight. (Cf. F979.18.) Irish: O’Suilleabhain 49.

F971.2. F971.2. Rose grows from table (stone). Type 755; Fb ”sten“ III 554a, ”rose“ III 80a; P. Saintyves Le Thиme du bвton qui reverdit (Revue d‘Histoire et de Littйrature religieuses, III [1912] 330--49, 421--54).

F971.3. F971.3. Thorn growing in wound becomes tree. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”йpine“.

F971.4. F971.4. Fruitless tree bears fruit. Done at saint’s request. *Dh II 9; Alphabet No. 290; Irish: Plummer cliv, *Cross.

F971.4.1. F971.4.1. Ash (alder, willow, etc.) tree bears apples (”fair fruit“). Irish myth: *Cross.

F971.5. F971.5. Flowers bloom in winter. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 686; Alphabet No. 475; *Pease Cicero De Divinatione 217 (U. of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature); Stier in Pauly-Wissowa XV (1932) 2026; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 102, MacCulloch Eddic 320; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F971.5.1. F971.5.1. Fruit produced out of season at saint‘s request. Irish: Plummer cliv, *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F971.5.2. F971.5.2. Apples at Christmas. Tree bears apples only at Christmas. Blossoms at midnight and is full of apples by morning. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 559.

F971.5.2.1. F971.5.2.1. Tree blossoms at midnight on Twelfth Night. England: Baughman.

F971.6. F971.6. Flowers spring up when saint strikes ground. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 675.

F971.7. F971.7. Sowing and reaping same day. Fb ”sе.“

F971.8. F971.8. Trees put forth leaves on arrival of God in paradise. Jewish: Neuman.

F971.9. F971.9. Creeper which blossoms once only in a thousand years. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 301, 871.

F973. F973. Plants and trees miraculously unbent.

F973.1. F973.1. Trees unbent. Irish myth: *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 317.

F973.2. F973.2. Walking on grass-blades without bending them. Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 189.

F974. F974. Grass refuses to grow in certain spot. Extraordinary event has happened there. Fb ”grжs“ I 499b, IV 188a; Taylor Attila and Modern Riddles, JAFL LVI (1943) 136--37; Icelandic: Boberg.

F974.1. F974.1. Grass will not grow where blood of murdered person has been shed. England: *Baughman.

F975. F975. Garden becomes wilderness.

F975.1. F975.1. Garden becomes wilderness because of owner’s wickedness. India: Thompson-Balys.

F975.2. F975.2. After persecuted queen has been driven away from palace, trees do not bear fruits, flowers cease to bloom, and birds do not sing. India: Thompson-Balys.

F979. F979. Extraordinary behavior of trees and plants--miscellaneous.

F979.1. F979.1. Sour fruits made sweet by saint. *Loomis White Magic 80; Irish: Plummer cliv, *Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

F979.2. F979.2. Leaves of tree open and close to give saint passage. Irish: Plummer cliii, Cross.

F979.3. F979.3. Leaves of tree make melody for saints. Irish: Plummer cliii, Cross.

F979.4. F979.4. Tree seizes person and lifts him up. Africa (Nago): Trautmann La Littйrature populaire а la Cфte des Esclaves (Paris, 1927) 6ff.

F979.5. F979.5. Bough miraculously does not burn. (Cf. F964.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F979.5.1. F979.5.1. Unconsumed burning bush. Jewish: Neuman.

F979.6. F979.6. Tree grows through handle of saint‘s bell. Irish myth: Cross.

F979.7. F979.7. Hollow in tree grows over, giving sanctuary to relics within. Irish myth: *Cross.

F979.8. F979.8. Forest springs up from twig (twigs). Irish myth: *Cross.

F979.9. F979.9. Flowers pressed yield wine. Irish myth: *Cross.

F979.10. F979.10. Flower from otherworld (Land of Promise) miraculously appears to persons (saints). Irish myth: *Cross.

F979.11. F979.11. Trees spring up to commemorate birth of primitive hero (demigod, deity). (Cf. F960.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F979.12. F979.12. Trees spring up from blood spilled on ground. (Cf. D1003.) Irish myth: Cross.

F979.13. F979.13. Convention of trees. Moreno Esdras (F979.4).

F979.14. F979.14. Grub’s urine waters tree. (Cf. D1027.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F979.15. F979.15. Tree sheds all its leaves out of sympathy. India: Thompson-Balys.

F979.16. F979.16. Magic tree will allow person to take only two of its fruits. India: Thompson-Balys.

F979.17. F979.17. Plants grow without being sown. Jewish: Neuman.

F979.18. F979.18. Grass grows anew every night. (Cf. F971.1.3.) Jewish: Neuman.

F979.19. F979.19. Extraordinary tree supports pious man and his family. Jewish: *Neuman.

F979.20. F979.20. Tree‘s branches turn upward when idolators rest beneath it. Jewish: *Neuman.

F979.21. F979.21. Tree which has two singing blossoms. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 284.

F979.22. F979.22. Tree acts as master of ceremonies while gods drink. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 74.

F979.23. F979.23. Trees wither when tragic things happen. Jewish: *Neuman.

F980. F980. Extraordinary occurrences concerning animals.

F981. F981. Extraordinary death of animal.

F981.1. F981.1. Serpent bursts asunder. Dickson 54, 195 n. 78.

F981.1.1. F981.1.1. Animal bursts from anger. India: Thompson-Balys.

F981.2. F981.2. Bull melts away after evil spirit has issued from him. Dickson 197 n. 84.

F981.3. F981.3. Animals killed by trickster‘s breaking wind. Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 381 No. 68.

F981.4. F981.4. Fiery bolt from heaven kills devastating animal. Irish myth: Cross.

F981.5. F981.5. Ashes thrown into stream dissolve animals. Irish myth: Cross.

F981.6. F981.6. Animal dies of broken heart. Irish myth: *Cross.

F981.6.1. F981.6.1. Animal’s broken heart disgorged. Irish myth: Cross.

F981.7. F981.7. King of cats killed by glowing mass of iron thrown by saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

F981.8. F981.8. Giant magic boar slain by tearing out entrails from behind. Irish myth: Cross.

F982. F982. Animals carry extraordinary burden.

F982.1. F982.1. Eagles carry castle in air. De Vries FFC LXXIII 388; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12.

F982.1.1. F982.1.1. Great flock of birds lift grayhound and garments into air. Irish myth: Cross.

F982.2. F982.2. Four cats carry coffin. Type 326; Fb ”ligkiste“ II 422b.

F982.3. F982.3. Hawk carries hand of man to saint displeased by handclasp. Irish myth: Cross.

F982.4. F982.4. Bird brings flower from foreign land. Irish myth: Cross.

F982.5. F982.5. Crocodile carries extraordinary burden. India: Thompson-Balys.

F982.6. F982.6. Toad carries seven stone mortars on his head. Chinese: Graham.

F982.7. F982.7. Toad carries tree on back. Chinese: Graham.

F982.8. F982.8. Crab carries in his ear cat, tiger, bamboos, river. India: Thompson-Balys.

F983. F983. Extraordinary growth of animal. Icelandic: Boberg.

F983.0.1. F983.0.1. Extraordinary quick growth of animal. (Cf. T585.) Irish myth: Cross.

F983.1. F983.1. Snail grows and fills house entirely. N. A. Indian (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXIV 229 No. 36, (Tlingit): Swanton BBAE XXXIX 151.

F983.2. F983.2. Louse fattened. *Type 621; BP III 483; *Kцhler-Bolte I 134, *601a; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XVI 242 No. 23, XVII 229; Polнvka Archiv. f. slav. Philol. VII 317 No. 65, XXVI 464; Sйbillot France III 334 n. 4; Leskien Balkanmдrchen No. 20; *Cosquin Contes indiens 529ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5; Algerian: Desparmet Contes Pop. rec. а Blida 407; India: Thompson-Balys.

F983.3. F983.3. Cat grows as large as a cow in a minute. Chinese: Graham.

F983.4. F983.4. Extraordinary growth of ox horns. German: Grimm No. 112.

F984. F984. Extraordinary protection for animal.

F984.1. F984.1. Horse sewed in buffalo-hides. As protection against a greater horse, hero‘s horse is sewed in nine buffalo-hides. Kцhler-Bolte I 469; *Cosquin Contes indiens 417ff.

F985. F985. Animals change color.

F985.1. F985.1. Black sheep turn white. (Cf. H1023.6.) Types 425, 428, 756C*; Andrejev FFC LIV passim; Boberg Classica et Medievalia I 1938.

F986. F986. Extraordinary occurrences concerning fishing. Irish myth: Cross.

F986.1. F986.1. Clerics catch fish with regularity. Irish myth: Cross.

F986.2. F986.2. Salmon caught out of season for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

F986.3. F986.3. Salmon comes every seventh year to certain place. Irish myth: *Cross.

F986.4. F986.4. Stranded fish do not decay for a year. Irish myth: Cross.

F986.5. F986.5. Shores flooded with sea-fish. Irish myth: Cross.

F987. F987. Animal controls sex of offspring.

F987.1. F987.1. Bird controls sex and appearance of offspring. Hatches seven eggs--three under each wing and one under breast. The right wing hatches three red males, the left three green females. The egg under the breast shares the characteristics of both sex and color--but dies. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F988. F988. Extraordinary limbs of animals.

F988.1. F988.1. Ox’s leg acts as person. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq III 291ff.

F988.2. F988.2. Hoofs of horses drop from their feet because of heat. Jewish: *Neuman.

F988.3. F988.3. Apertures of animals‘ bodies closed up in certain land. Jewish: Neuman.

F989. F989. Extraordinary occurrences concerning animals--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.1. F989.1. Horse jumps over high wall. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”cheval“. Cf. Type 530.

F989.1.1. F989.1.1. Horse’s tremendous leap. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F989.2. F989.2. Bird‘s red eye cooks meat. Looks so intently at it that it heats and cooks. N. A. Indian (Maidu): Dixon BAM XVII 65.

F989.3. F989.3. Cuckoo-clock. Bird calls out the hours. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. ”Baum bewacht“.

F989.4. F989.4. Man rides on back of fleeing wild boar. (Cf. B557.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F989.5. F989.5. Sheep never harmed by wild beasts. Jewish: *Neuman.

F989.5.1. F989.5.1. Sheep kill wolves. Jewish: *Neuman.

F989.6. F989.6. One bull, one cow survive plague. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.7. F989.7. Swine kick trees to cause fruit to fall. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.8. F989.8. Mother-love induced in animal. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.9. F989.9. Milk from saint’s cows forms lake. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.10. F989.10. Animals distribute parts of man‘s body in accordance with prophecy. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.11. F989.11. Animal as mighty drinker. Irish myth: *Cross.

F989.11.1. F989.11.1. Cow lowers ocean by drinking. India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.12. F989.12. Sea animal found inland. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.13. F989.13. Animal dives into lake and disappears. Irish myth: *Cross.

F989.14. F989.14. Birds hover over battlefield. Irish myth: *Cross.

F989.15. F989.15. Hunt for extraordinary (magic) animal. Irish myth: *Cross.

F989.16. F989.16. Extraordinary swarms of birds.

F989.16.1. F989.16.1. Swarms of quails serve as food for Israelites. Jewish: Neuman.

F989.16.2. F989.16.2. Swarms of birds darken sun and moon. Jewish: *Neuman.

F989.17. F989.17. Marvelously swift horse. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.18. F989.18. Boar hung in spider’s web. India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.19. F989.19. Cock with enormous silver ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.20. F989.20. Egg becomes crowing cock. Irish myth: Cross.

F989.21. F989.21. Spider spins web across sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.22. F989.22. Animals eat extraordinary food.

F989.22.1. F989.22.1. Fowls eat gold and silver. India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.22.2. F989.22.2. Tiger lives on self-cooking food. India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.22.3. F989.22.3. Pig swallows necklace. India: Thompson-Balys.

F989.22.4. F989.22.4. Animals live on pearls. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F989.23. F989.23. Frog pierces hardest metals and marbles. Jewish: *Neuman.

F989.24. F989.24. Frogs cast themselves into oven-flames and devour bread. Jewish: *Neuman.

F990. F990. Inanimate objects act as if living. Irish myth: *Cross.

F991. F991. Object bleeds.

F991.1. F991.1. Bleeding lance. Stream of blood flows from it into silver cup. (Cf. D1086.) *Brown PMLA XXV (1910) 1; *Gaster FL II 57; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 202.

F991.1.1. F991.1.1. Bleeding knife. Jewish: Neuman.

F991.2. F991.2. Bleeding bone. Man cuts into dry bone that bleeds. Fb ”hшle“ I 747a; Japanese: Ikeda.

F991.2.1. F991.2.1. Dry bone smells as sign of forgiveness. Icelandic: Boberg.

F991.3. F991.3. Bleeding cake. Bleeds when cut. Irish myth: *Cross.

F991.3.1. F991.3.1. Bleeding loaf of bread. German: Grimm No. 205.

F991.4. F991.4. Shrine bleeds. Irish myth: Cross.

F991.4.1. F991.4.1. Desecrated altar bleeds. Irish myth: Cross.

F991.5. F991.5. Bleeding rock. Jewish: *Neuman.

F992. F992. Plant shrieks when uprooted.

F992.1. F992.1. Mandrake shrieks when uprooted. Stark Der Alraun; Taylor JAFL XXXI 561.

F993. F993. Sunken bell sounds. *Sartori Zs. f. Vksk. VII 113, 270, VIII 29; England: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 72 No. 610; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3610.

F993.1. F993.1. Sunken bell sounds at certain times. England, Wales: *Baughman.

F994. F994. Object expresses sorrow. Irish myth: Cross.

F994.1. F994.1. Books show sorrow for owner‘s death by falling from shelf. Irish myth: Cross.

F994.2. F994.2. Chariots, stones, weapons join in keen at hero’s death. Irish myth: Cross.

F995. F995. Shield shrieks in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

F996. F996. Waters react to words of poet. Irish myth: *Cross.

F997. F997. Sword pierces rock when possessor will break it. Icelandic: Boberg.

F997.1. F997.1. Sword is spoken to as to human being. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F998. F998. Combat with horse‘s sex organ. (Cf. D1469.5.) Icelandic: Boberg.

F1001. F1001. Extraordinary heads act as living objects. Moreno Esdras (F995).

F1002. F1002. Substituted silver hand used as if it were of flesh and blood. *Loomis White Magic 125.

F1005. F1005. Cooked food grows when planted.

F1005.1. F1005.1. Cake, planted in the field, grows and after a time bears cakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1006. F1006. Extraordinary activity of mountains. (Cf. F755.)

F1006.1. F1006.1. Mountain moves so that its rocks enter into caves of other mountain. (Cf. D932.) Jewish: Neuman.

F1006.2. F1006.2. Mountain moves to person. (Cf. D932, F755.) Jewish: Neuman.

F1006.3. F1006.3. Mountain trembles. Jewish: Neuman.

F1009. F1009. Inanimate object acts as if living.

F1009.1. F1009.1. Doorpost of room rises for holy person. Jewish: Neuman.

F1009.2. F1009.2. Gate swallows axes trying to force it open. Jewish: Neuman.

F1009.3. F1009.3. Altar shakes when unworthy man is elected. (Cf. D1169.) Jewish: Neuman.

F1009.4. F1009.4. Twelve stones unite to become one. (Cf. D931.) Jewish: *Neuman.

F1010. F1010. Other extraordinary events.

F1011. F1011. Sunbeam as support.

F1011.1. F1011.1. Clothes hung on sunbeam. Fb ”solstrеle“; De Vries Germanischromanische Monatsschrift 1922, 40 n. 2; *Loomis White Magic 29; Irish: Plummer cxxxix, *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 101, 106, Beal XXI 332f.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 301 No. 19, 306 No. 19, 309 No. 10, 328 No. 6; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 146 No. 1805A, 1805B.

F1011.1.1. F1011.1.1. Gospel-book hung from saint‘s shoulders without strap. Irish myth: Cross.

F1011.2. F1011.2. Sitting (hanging) on a sunbeam. *Kцhler-Bolte II 98ff.

F1014. F1014. Dice game that lasts for nine years. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1015. F1015. Extraordinary occurrences connected with shoes.

F1015.1. F1015.1. Shoes miraculously worn out.

F1015.1.1. F1015.1.1. The danced-out shoes. Every morning girl’s shoes are danced to pieces. *Type 306; BP III 78; *Fb ”sko“ III 288b; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 8**.

F1015.1.2. F1015.1.2. Woman has worn out carriage-load of shoes with walking. Hartland Science 199.

F1015.2. F1015.2. Wearing shoes only when crossing river. Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 64, 351.

F1015.3. F1015.3. Bill of sale written on man‘s sandal. Jewish: Neuman.

F1016. F1016. Man carries extraordinary luggage.

F1016.1. F1016.1. Man puts his horse in his sleeve when he does not need it. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1017. F1017. Man washes clothes blindfolded. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1021. F1021. Extraordinary flights through air. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 91, 92; Jewish: *Neuman.

F1021.1. F1021.1. Flight on artificial wings. *Type 575; *BP II 131; Penzer IX 149; Kцhler-Bolte I 120; *Chauvin V 231 No. 130; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 139 n. 2 (Daedalus); India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Ferguson 35.

F1021.2. F1021.2. Extraordinary effect of high flight.

F1021.2.1. F1021.2.1. Flight so high that sun melts glue of artificial wings. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 139 n. 2 (Icarus).

F1021.2.2. F1021.2.2. Flight so high that eyelids drop from cold. (Cf. B552.1.) Gaster Exempla 186 No. 5.

F1021.3. F1021.3. Man learns to fly. Chinese: Graham.

F1021.4. F1021.4. Man kicked so hard that he flies through the air and is never seen again. German: Grimm No. 90.

F1022. F1022. Extraordinary descent into ocean.

F1022.1. F1022.1. Descent into ocean in glass box. Jewish: Gaster Exempla 186 No. 5; bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 136, 306, *Neuman.

F1023. F1023. Creation of a person by cooperation of skillful men. *Type 945; *BP III 53; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 327.

F1025. F1025. Objects go journeying together. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 161.

F1025.1. F1025.1. Bean, straw, and coal go journeying. Coal burns straw in two and falls into the water. Bean laughs until it splits. *Type 295; BP I 135; India: Thompson-Balys.

F1025.2. F1025.2. Turtle’s war-party. Turtle recruits war-party of strange objects (knife, brush, awl, etc.) and animals. Because of their nature the companions get into trouble. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 302 n. 108. Cf. Japanese: Mitford 185ff., Ikeda.

F1025.2.1. F1025.2.1. Eggplant, needle, and cowdung go on warpath. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1031. F1031. Ship wrapped with feather-beds and canvass and pitched (so as to save it). English: Child V 496 s.v. ”ship“.

F1032. F1032. Person walks unceasingly for year. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 33 No. 1.

F1032.1. F1032.1. Person wanders unceasingly for hundred and fifty years. Irish myth: Cross.

F1033. F1033. Person lives without food or drink for a year (or more). Type 706; Irish myth: *Cross; German: Grimm No. 31.

F1033.1. F1033.1. Person lives on water (from holy well) for a year. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1034. F1034. Person concealed in another‘s body. *Penzer VII 114ff.

F1034.1. F1034.1. Husband concealed in wife‘s ear. Hindu: Tawney II 578.

F1034.2. F1034.2. Magician carries mistress with him in his body. She in turn has paramour in hers. Wesselski Mдrchen 186 No. 1; *Cosquin Йtudes 276ff.; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 378 No. 109.

F1034.2.1. F1034.2.1. Ascetic carries woman in his hair, but she has two lovers in her cloak and outwits him. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F1034.3. F1034.3. Person’s thigh as hiding place.

F1034.3.1. F1034.3.1. Man hides sister in wound in his thigh to protect her. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1034.3.2. F1034.3.2. Bottle concealed in person‘s thigh. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1034.3.3. F1034.3.3. Garment hidden in hole cut in thigh. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1034.3.4. F1034.3.4. Jewell hidden in wound cut in thigh. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1034.4. F1034.4. Person’s armpit as hiding place. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 169f.

F1034.5. F1034.5. Other parts of person‘s body as hiding place. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 1/96.).

F1034.5.1. F1034.5.1. Key to house concealed in man’s heart. Africa (Angola): Chatelain III No. 8.

F1035. F1035. Disintegration: man eats himself up or dismembers himself. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 304 n. 109m.

F1036. F1036. Hand from heaven writes on wall. Jewish: *Neuman.

F1037. F1037. Object thrown from heaven. Jewish: *Neuman.

F1037.1. F1037.1. Footstool thrown from heaven. *Type 800; *BP I 342; *Hdwb. d. Mдrch. s.v. ”Schneider im Himmel“.

F1038. F1038. Person without shadow. *Type 755; H. C. Andersen ”Skyggen“; Fb ”skygge“ III 347; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 133ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 325A*.

F1038.1. F1038.1. Man attends devil‘s school to learn witchcraft, has no shadow afterward. Scotland: Baughman.

F1038.2. F1038.2. Man has witch aid him in reaping contest, the devil to get the hindmost. The devil tries to take the man but gets shadow instead. (Cf. G303.19, K210.) Scotland: Baughman.

F1041. F1041. Extraordinary physical reactions of persons.

F1041.0.1. F1041.0.1. Neophyte shows no reaction when saint’s staff pierces his foot. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1. F1041.1. Extraordinary death.

F1041.1.1. F1041.1.1. Death from broken heart. Penzer II 132, VII 24f., 103; Heptameron No. 9; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 134; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 439.

F1041.1.1.1. F1041.1.1.1. Heart breaks at third drink from silver canister. Fb ”hjжrte“ I 631.

F1041.1.1.2. F1041.1.1.2. Heart breaks when girl hears lover kiss another. Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 3.

F1041.1.1.3. F1041.1.1.3. Heart breaks from sorrow. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 439a n. 267; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 883.

F1041.1.1.4. F1041.1.1.4. Hearts break when lovers are told beloved is dead. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.1.2. F1041.1.2. Death from grief for death of lover or relative.

F1041.1.2.1. F1041.1.2.1. Lover dies beside dying sweetheart. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

F1041.1.2.2. F1041.1.2.2. Woman dies on hearing of her husband’s death. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1041.1.2.2.1. F1041.1.2.2.1. Woman swoons and is near death at hearing of husband‘s or lover’s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.1.2.2.2. F1041.1.2.2.2. First woman in Ireland to die of grief for the death of her husband. (Cf. A1335, A1611.5.4.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1.2.2.3. F1041.1.2.2.3. Death from hearing of wife‘s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.1.2.2.4. F1041.1.2.2.4. Death from hearing of son’s (sons‘) death. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1041.1.3. F1041.1.3. Death from sorrow or chagrin.

F1041.1.3.1. F1041.1.3.1. Maiden who has been falsely accused apparently dies of sorrow. She revives on being prepared for burial. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.3.2. F1041.1.3.2. Servant grieves over master‘s death. Kills wife and himself. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.3.3. F1041.1.3.3. Woman dies on having secret love exposed. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Heptameron No. 70.

F1041.1.3.4. F1041.1.3.4. Priest dies from having been duped into deceptive bargain. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.3.5. F1041.1.3.5. Man dies on learning of wife’s adultery. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.3.6. F1041.1.3.6. Heart breaks when girl learns men are slain in battle on her account. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.3.7. F1041.1.3.7. Woman dies of broken heart on learning that her former husband is still alive. She had remarried thinking him dead. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 69; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

F1041.1.3.8. F1041.1.3.8. Man dies from grieving over mother‘s death. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 77; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.3.9. F1041.1.3.9. Death from excitement at news of Christ’s crucifixion. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1.3.10. F1041.1.3.10. Death from chagrin. Man cannot answer question. Alphabet No. 186.

F1041.1.3.10.1. F1041.1.3.10.1. Guilty persons being confronted with their crimes become ”insensate like trees.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.1.4. F1041.1.4. Death from longing. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1.5. F1041.1.5. Death from excessive joy. Heptameron No. 9; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VII 103.

F1041.1.5.1. F1041.1.5.1. Bridegroom dies from joy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.5.2. F1041.1.5.2. Stranger dies from joy on being rewarded by ruler. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

F1041.1.5.3. F1041.1.5.3. Mother dies from joy on greeting long-absent son. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.5.4. F1041.1.5.4. Death from joy of kiss. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1041.1.6. F1041.1.6. Death from sight of beautiful woman. (Cf. F1041.8.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.1.6.1. F1041.1.6.1. Fainting away at sight of goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.1.7. F1041.1.7. Man dies when he learns storm is magic. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1.8. F1041.1.8. Death on beholding hell. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1.9. F1041.1.9. Death from jealousy. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1.10. F1041.1.10. Death (illness) from envy. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.1.11. F1041.1.11. Death from fear. (Cf. F1041.17.) Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F1041.1.11.1. F1041.1.11.1. Suicide from fear of starving. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1041.1.11.2. F1041.1.11.2. Death from fear of demons. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.1.11.3. F1041.1.11.3. Suicide from fright of evil prophecy. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.1.11.4. F1041.1.11.4. Man dies from frog‘s bite, thinking it snakebite. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.1.12. F1041.1.12. Death from horror. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.1.13. F1041.1.13. Death from shame. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.1.13.1. F1041.1.13.1. Girl dies of shame at being seen naked. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.1.13.2. F1041.1.13.2. Woman dies of shame at seeing naked man (husband). Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.2. F1041.2. Horripilation. Hair rises on end in extraordinary fashion from joy, anger, or love. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Hindu: Penzer I 120, VII 60, 139 n. 2, 179, VIII 46 n. 1, 94 n. 1; Korean: Zong in-Sob 83; Missouri French: Carriиre.

F1041.3. F1041.3. Person goes blind from overweeping. Malone PMLA XLIII 410; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F1041.4. F1041.4. Person melts away from heat. Irish myth: *Cross; Africa (Efik-Ibibo): Dayrell Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria (London, 1910) 84; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 263 No. 68.

F1041.5. F1041.5. Poison of hydra corrodes the skin. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 269 n. 2.

F1041.6. F1041.6. Buttons burst as consequence of violent emotion. English: Child II 186, IV 101, 302.

F1041.6.1. F1041.6.1. Necklace bursts as consequence of violent emotion. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.7. F1041.7. Hair turns gray from terror. *Chauvin VII 112 No. 379 bis n. 1; Korean: Zong in-Sob 81.

F1041.8. F1041.8. Extraordinary madness. Fb ”sжr“ III 723b.

F1041.8.1. F1041.8.1. Madness from seeing beautiful woman. (Cf. F1041.1.6.) Penzer II 6ff., VII 66ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F1041.8.1.1. F1041.8.1.1. Madness from sight of magically beautiful man. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.8.2. F1041.8.2. Madness from grief. (Cf. F1041.21.5.) Child V 487 s.v. ”lover“.

F1041.8.3. F1041.8.3. Madness from seeing ugly ogre. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.8.4. F1041.8.4. Madness from thirst. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.8.5. F1041.8.5. Madness from overeating. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.8.6. F1041.8.6. Men go mad in battle. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1041.8.7. F1041.8.7. Mad warriors fly up into clouds. (Cf. F1041.16.6.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.8.8. F1041.8.8. Madness from hearing prophetic voice from air. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.8.9. F1041.8.9. Madness from regret that knight has forsaken his wife. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.8.10. F1041.8.10. Madness (rage) from hearing about brother’s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.8.11. F1041.8.11. Madness from loss of fortune. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.9. F1041.9. Extraordinary illness.

F1041.9.1. F1041.9.1. Going to bed for sorrow. Fb ”seng“ III 187ab.

F1041.9.1.1. F1041.9.1.1. Man keeps to his bed, mourning over drowned son. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.9.1.2. F1041.9.1.2. King keeps to his bed, mourning over vanished bride. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.9.1.3. F1041.9.1.3. Woman keeps to her bed on announcement of lover’s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.9.2. F1041.9.2. Illness from keeping a secret. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.9.2.1. F1041.9.2.1. Huge boil appears on forehead of youth keeping a secret. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.9.3. F1041.9.3. Illness from shame of enemies‘ scorn. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.10. F1041.10. Man sweats blood and absorbs hair into head on exertion of strength. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.11. F1041.11. Laughing and crying at the same time (sundry reasons given). *De Vries FFC LXXIII 213; Gaster Exempla 130 No. 352; India: *Thompson-Balys, *Bloomfield JAOS XXXVI 54--89, *Penzer VII 261; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 160 No. 43, 286 No. 78.

F1041.11.1. F1041.11.1. Laughter from chagrin. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.11.2. F1041.11.2. Man turns pale, red, blue, etc. from emotion or strain. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1041.12. F1041.12. Man perspires in winter while relating fearful vision. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.13. F1041.13. Biting fingers to see if one is dreaming. Chauvin V 261 No. 154.

F1041.14. F1041.14. Beheaded man swims. (Cf. E783.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 686.

F1041.15. F1041.15. Inordinate longing. (Cf. D1041.1.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16. F1041.16. Extraordinary physical reaction to anger. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 88.

F1041.16.1. F1041.16.1. Man spits fire when enraged. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.16.2. F1041.16.2. One eye recedes, other protrudes when angered. (Cf. F541.5.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.16.3. F1041.16.3. Man fells wood with sword (dies) when he hears of Crucifixion. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.16.3.1. F1041.16.3.1. Strength from anger enables man to break binding chain. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.3.2. F1041.16.3.2. Strength from anger causes man to break stone. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.3.3. F1041.16.3.3. Strength from anger enables man to tear opponent to bits. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.4. F1041.16.4. Heat of saint’s anger sets cowl afire. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.5. F1041.16.5. Extraordinary bodily contortion as result of warrior‘s anger. (Cuchulain’s battle-rage.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.16.6. F1041.16.6. Extraordinary physical reactions of angry warriors in battle. (Cf. F1041.8.7.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.16.6.1. F1041.16.6.1. Fury in battle causes stream of blood to rise from warrior‘s head. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.16.6.2. F1041.16.6.2. Fury in battle causes warrior to increase in size. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.6.3. F1041.16.6.3. Fiery columns rise in front of angry warrior. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.6.4. F1041.16.6.4. Face of angry warrior lights up with flame. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.6.5. F1041.16.6.5. Angry warrior becomes red and purple. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.6.6. F1041.16.6.6. Water boils when angry warrior is immersed in it. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.16.6.7. F1041.16.6.7. Fury enables wounded soldiers to continue fighting. Die at end of battle. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.16.6.8. F1041.16.6.8. Angry warrior‘s breath makes adversary’s armour so hot that he must surrender. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.16.6.9. F1041.16.6.9. Bowstring (arrow, oar) breaks at angry warrior‘s grasp. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.16.7. F1041.16.7. King about to kill foster-son due to his evil explanation of dream; both jump into sea and are drowned. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.16.8. F1041.16.8. Face and body turn black from anger. Africa (Swahili): Baler FL XXXVIII 279f.

F1041.16.9. F1041.16.9. Chief beheads sentinel who does not recognize him. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.16.10. F1041.16.10. Man throws cereal and spoon on the floor because he is supposed to eat together with his brother. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.16.11. F1041.16.11. Earl throws jar of water after undesired messenger. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.17. F1041.17. Extraordinary result of fear. (Cf. F950.5, F1041.1.11).

F1041.17.1. F1041.17.1. Barrenness as result of fright. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.18. F1041.18. Putrescence flows from head when man presses forehead. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.19. F1041.19. Dumbness from disgust. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.20. F1041.20. Person vomits iron. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1041.21. F1041.21. Reactions to excessive grief. (Cf. F1041.1.1.)

F1041.21.1. F1041.21.1. Illness from excessive grief. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1041.21.1.1. F1041.21.1.1. Tears of blood from excessive grief. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1041.21.2. F1041.21.2. Man swells from excessive grief. Icelandic: Egils saga in ASB 3 (1894) ch. LXXVIII 14ff., Vцlsunga saga ch. 31 (29), Boberg.

F1041.21.3. F1041.21.3. Refusal to eat from excessive grief. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

F1041.21.3.1. F1041.21.3.1. Refusal to speak because of grief. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F1041.21.4. F1041.21.4. Man cries at hearing of friend’s death. Юiрriks saga II 358.

F1041.21.5. F1041.21.5. Man senseless from grief at hearing of father‘s death; one doesn’t feel that he cuts himself with his knife, the other presses dice so that he bleeds. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1041.21.6. F1041.21.6. Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief. India: *Thompson-Balys.

F1041.21.6.1. F1041.21.6.1. Wounding self because of excessive grief. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.21.6.2. F1041.21.6.2. Bird in great grief tears out feathers. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.21.7. F1041.21.7. Swooning from grief. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

F1041.22. F1041.22. Deaf and dumb people speak. *Loomis White Magic 53.

F1041.23. F1041.23. Shame causes smoke to rise from saint’s head and sweat to stream from his brow. Irish myth: Cross.

F1041.24. F1041.24. Slap turns man‘s face completely around. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1044. F1044. Man suddenly acquires long gray beard on scaffold at execution. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 656.

F1045. F1045. Night spent in tree. Hero goes into tree to spend the night. *Type 327A, 613; Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Grimm No. 163; India: Thompson-Balys.

F1047. F1047. Anchor floats on water. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”ancre.“

F1047.1. F1047.1. Non-buoyant flasks float. Irish myth: Cross.

F1051. F1051. Prodigious weeping. Usually by saint. Toldo II 96; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 633; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 87, 260f.; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 127.

F1051.1. F1051.1. Barrel filled miraculously with penitent’s tears. Ward II 664; Herbert III *341, 475; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1051.2. F1051.2. Miraculously loud noise of mourning for hero. Irish myth: Cross.

F1054. F1054. Bones temporarily removed from body by tree climbers to avoid breaking them. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 126ff.

F1055. F1055. Books in church read without man‘s tongue. English: Child III 244.

F1057. F1057. Hero (giant) wades across sea. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101.

F1061. F1061. Flame as miraculous index. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1061.1. F1061.1. Flame indicates presence of beautiful woman. (Cf. F1041.8.1. and cross references.) Malay, Indonesian: Dixon 222 n. 26.

F1061.2. F1061.2. Color of flame indicates what is burning. Blue for furniture, white for money, red for person. Indonesian: Dixon 226.

F1061.3. F1061.3. Burning pit will close only if armed rider will plunge into it. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1061.4. F1061.4. Flame indicates place where innocent person was murdered. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1063. F1063. Departing house. Hero in departing takes his house with him. N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 224.

F1065. F1065. Man fishes up two blind women from a well. Malone PMLA XLIII 405, 416.

F1066. F1066. Arrow shot to heaven returns bloody. Hdwb. d. Mдrch. I 102a; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F1066.1. F1066.1. Knife plunged into earth comes out bloody. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

F1068. F1068. Realistic dream. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 107, Beal XXI 334; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

F1068.1. F1068.1. Tokens from a dream. Man brings objects received during dream. Krappe Balor 122ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1068.2. F1068.2. Wound received in dream. Still there when person wakes. *Kittredge Witchcraft 222f., 534 nn. 90--97; Alphabet No. 299; Icelandic: Boberg; England: Baughman.

F1068.2.1. F1068.2.1. Man is maltreated in dream so that he feels it next day. Icelandic: *Boberg.

F1068.2.2. F1068.2.2. Fight in dream with real result. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1071. F1071. Prodigious jump. To fourth story (or the like). Type 530; Cosquin Contes indiens 333ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 103; Marquesas: Handy 114; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/499).

F1071.1. F1071.1. Crossing a river with help of a fig tree whose branches touch the opposite bank. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1071.2. F1071.2. Jumping over a ditch which is really an ocean. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1071.2.1. F1071.2.1. Man clears river of enormous width in one leap. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 102.

F1072. F1072. Two children of different sex, not related, have such close resemblance that even parents cannot tell them apart. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

F1073. F1073. Marathon marriage. Woman who has been widowed twenty-two times marries a man who has been a widower twenty times. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

F1075. F1075. Blood of brother and sister (and smoke from their funeral pyres) refuses to mingle. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1076. F1076. Tightening belt to counteract hunger: when loosened person falls dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1078. F1078. Detonation from spark struck for fire hurls ships out to sea. Irish myth: Cross.

F1081. F1081. Tub of water dropped neither breaks nor spills. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1082. F1082. Person changes color. Irish myth: Cross.

F1082.1. F1082.1. Person has red and black countenance after being burned. Irish myth: Cross.

F1083. F1083. Object rises into the air. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F1083.0.1. F1083.0.1. Object floats in air. Loomis White Magic 47f.

F1083.0.1.1. F1083.0.1.1. Altar floats in air. Irish myth: Cross.

F1083.0.1.2. F1083.0.1.2. Ark suspended in air. Jewish: Neuman.

F1083.0.1.3. F1083.0.1.3. Jerusalem suspended in air. Jewish: Neuman.

F1083.1. F1083.1. Stone cross rises into air. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1083.2. F1083.2. Man and his camels rise into air. Jewish: Neuman.

F1084. F1084. Furious battle. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

F1084.0.1. F1084.0.1. Inlay melts from sword with heat of striking. Irish myth: Cross.

F1084.0.2. F1084.0.2. Weapons confined by flying nets of hair in furious battle. Irish myth: Cross.

F1084.0.3. F1084.0.3. Continuous fighting. No rest or food. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1084.0.4. F1084.0.4. Marks of furious battle left in rock. Irish myth: Cross.

F1084.1. F1084.1. Deep streams of blood flow during battle. Irish myth: Cross.

F1084.2. F1084.2. Warriors use teeth after they exhaust weapons. Irish myth: Cross.

F1084.3. F1084.3. Soldiers fight so closely river is forced from bed. Irish myth: Cross.

F1085. F1085. Eye bursts forth from overstrain of voice. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1086. F1086. Saint preaches for three days and three nights. Irish myth: Cross.

F1087. F1087. Hero‘s marvelous sword falls and cuts off hand of enemy. (Cf. F833, N331.) Irish myth: *Cross.

F1088. F1088. Extraordinary escapes. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1088.1. F1088.1. Hero (heroine) spared for his (her) beauty. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1088.2. F1088.2. Hero unharmed by serpent which coils around his waist. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1088.3. F1088.3. Extraordinary escape from drowning. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. XLI, Boberg; Danish: Schmidt DF XXXIX 44ff.; Maori: Clark 29.

F1088.3.1. F1088.3.1. Clerics and property cast safely on shore when enemies attempt their drowning. Irish myth: Cross.

F1088.3.2. F1088.3.2. Fisherman dragged through sea by seal escapes. Irish myth: Cross.

F1088.4. F1088.4. Animal escapes by slipping out of skin. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1091. F1091. Food does not spoil saint’s clothing. Irish myth: Cross.

F1092. F1092. Vessel of poisoned ale inverted; only poison flows out. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1093. F1093. Stake miraculously bent during night. Irish myth: Cross.

F1094. F1094. Milk has taste of wine and honey. Irish myth: Cross.

F1095. F1095. Arm grows longer from giving alms. Irish myth: Cross.

F1096. F1096. Person lives on after being cut through by sword. Irish myth: Cross.

F1096.1. F1096.1. Person lives on after having heart cut free. Heart moves about within his chest. Irish myth: Cross.

F1096.2. F1096.2. Person lives on with intestines exposed. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F1096.3. F1096.3. Severed head bites earth. Icelandic: Boberg.

F1097. F1097. Armies miraculously separated (kept from coming to battle, etc.). Irish myth: *Cross.

F1097.1. F1097.1. Angel forbids armies to approach each other. Irish myth: Cross.

F1098. F1098. Object miraculously mended. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1098.0.1. F1098.0.1. Object miraculously broken. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

F1099. F1099. Additional marvels.

F1099.1. F1099.1. Entire household dies on same night. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1099.2. F1099.2. Roads miraculously appear on Hallowe‘en. (Cf. F900.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

F1099.2.1. F1099.2.1. Roads miraculously appear on day of hero’s birth. Irish myth: *Cross.

F1099.3. F1099.3. Words heard though only thought and not uttered. Jewish: Neuman.

F1099.4. F1099.4. Corn takes root in man’s hair. Irish myth: Cross.

F1099.4.1. F1099.4.1. Blades of corn grow through hair of saint as reward for guarding cornkiln. Irish myth: Cross.

F1099.5. F1099.5. Burning bodies vomit. Irish myth: Cross.

F1099.6. F1099.6. Extraordinary plowing. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1099.6.1. F1099.6.1. Extraordinary plowing by teeth. India: Thompson-Balys.

F1099.7. F1099.7. Pious die on their birthday. Jewish: *Neuman.

F1099.8. F1099.8. Man meets his future descendants and is instructed by them. Jewish: Neuman.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Ogres

G. OGRES

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

G0. Ogres

G10--G399. KINDS OF OGRES

G10--G99. Cannibals and cannibalism

G10--G49. Regular cannibalism

G10. Cannibalism

G20. Ghouls

G30. Person becomes cannibal

G50--G79. Occasional cannibalism

G50. Occasional cannibalism

G60. Human flesh eaten unwittingly

G70. Occasional cannibalism--deliberate

G80. Other motifs dealing with cannibals

G100--G199. Giant ogres

G100. Giant ogre

G110. Possessions of giant ogres

G120. Physical characteristics of giant ogres

G130. Customs of giant ogres

G150. Giant ogres--miscellaneous

G200--G299. Witches

G200. Witch

G210. Form of witch

G220. Characteristics of witches

G230. Habitat of witches

G240. Habits of witches

G250. Recognition of witches

G260. Evil deeds of witches

G270. Witch overcome or escaped

G280. Witches--miscellaneous motifs

G300--G399. Other ogres

G300. Other ogres

G310. Ogres with characteristic methods

G350. Animal ogres

G360. Ogres with monstrous features

G370. Ogres--miscellaneous

G400--G499. Falling into ogre‘s power

G400. Person falls into ogre’s power

G410. Person betrayed into ogre‘s power

G420. Capture by ogre

G440. Ogre abducts person

G450. Falling into ogre’s power--miscellaneous

G500--G599. Ogre defeated

G500. Ogre defeated

G510. Ogre killed, maimed, or captured

G520. Ogre deceived into self-injury

G530. Ogre‘s relative aids hero

G550. Rescue from ogre

G560. Ogre deceived into releasing prisoner

G570. Ogre overawed

G580. Ogre otherwise subdued

G600--G699. Other ogre motifs

G610. Theft from ogre

G630. Characteristics of ogres

G650. Unclassified ogre motifs

G.

G. OGRES

G0. G0. Ogres. For a good discussion of the general concept and of the various kinds of ogres see Saintyves Contes de Perrault 299ff.; **Laistner Rдtsel der Sphinx.--Italian: Basile Pentamerone III Nos. 1, 7, V No. 7; Africa: Werner African 242.

G10--G399.

G10--G399. KINDS OF OGRES

G10--G99.

G10--G99. Cannibals and cannibalism.

G10--G49.

G10--G49. REGULAR CANNIBALISM

G10. G10. Cannibalism. *Types 327, 406*; BP I 115; *Cox Cinderella 499; *Saintyves Perrault 299ff.; *Penzer X 181 s.v. ”Human flesh“; *Fb ”menneskekjшd“; *Freytag Am Ur-Quell N. F. I 179; *MacCulloch Childhood 279; Krause Der Ur-Quell I 1; *Cosquin Contes indiens 208; **DeCock Volkssage 64; *Laistner Rдtsel der Sphinx II 87; Krappe The Modern Language Review XLIII (1948) 54ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 57 No. 135; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”anthropophages,“ ”diable“; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 189, 588, II 32, 407, 676, 824; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 21; Oceanic (Indonesia, Melanesia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii): Dixon 61, 63, 69, 86, 130ff., 227ff.; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 76ff. 83f.; Maori: Clark 100, 159; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 272; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 388; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 353 n. 274, (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 68, (Southern Ute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 74 No. 46; Africa: Werner African 242, (Basuto): Jacottet 8, 122, 204, 208, 258, (Angola): Chatelain 97, 103, (Fang): Einstein 65, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 199, (Zulu): Callaway 47, 74, 142, 154, *158, 181, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 413, (Kaffir): Theal 126, 139f., Kidd 225, (Benga): Nassau 227 No. 34, (Congo): Weeks 203, (Mpongwe): Nassau 72 No. 15.

G11. G11. Kinds of cannibals.

G11.0.1. G11.0.1. Cannibalistic god. Irish myth: Cross.

G11.0.1.1. G11.0.1.1. As result of fraud, Saturn swallows stone instead of infant Jove. Irish myth: Cross.

G11.0.1.2. G11.0.1.2. Father of goddess as cannibal. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 141.

G11.1. G11.1. Cannibal dwarfs. *Basset 1001 Contes I 190; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 335.

G11.2. G11.2. Cannibal giant. (Cf. G82, G83, G84.) Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (tr. Powell, London, 1864) I 122, 125, 133, *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 387; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 377.

G11.2.1. G11.2.1. Giant devours any person who fails to do his bidding. India: Thompson-Balys.

G11.3. G11.3. Cannibal witch. Kittredge Witchcraft 166, 485 nn. 28, 29.--England: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2027B; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 6; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Tawney I 162, II 450; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 85, II 25, III 50f., 168f., Rink 48, 440, Holm 80, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 198, 598, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 180, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 599; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 233.

G11.4. G11.4. Negro cannibal. Malone PMLA XLIII 412.

G11.5. G11.5. Water cannibal. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 104; N. A. Indian (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 68.

G11.6. G11.6. Man-eating woman. India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Tawney II 616; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/249, 1110, z-G. 3/1276); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 194; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 197; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 370; Maori: Clark 39.

G11.6.1. G11.6.1. Female ogre changes men into tigers and eats women. Chinese: Graham.

G11.6.2. G11.6.2. Woman who marries tiger is fed human nails regularly. India: Thompson-Balys.

G11.6.3. G11.6.3. Old woman calls beasts together to join her in feast on human flesh. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Fables 61.

G11.6.4. G11.6.4. Woman devours her husband. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 838; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 60ff.

G11.7. G11.7. Cannibalistic king. Malone PMLA XLIII 403; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 581.

G11.8. G11.8. Cannibal meteor. N. A. Indian (Luiseсo, Diegueсo, Mohave): Kroeber JAFL XXI 224.

G11.8.1. G11.8.1. Stars as cannibals. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 109, 111; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/931).

G11.9. G11.9. Ogre schoolmaster. Girl sees schoolmaster eat human flesh. Refuses to tell him what she saw. He persecutes her. *Cosquin Contes indiens 112ff.

G11.10. G11.10. Cannibalistic spirits.

G11.10.1. G11.10.1. Cannibalistic spirits in upper world. India: Thompson-Balys.

G11.11. G11.11. Cannibal with extraordinary features. (Cf. G88.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

G11.11.1. G11.11.1. Albino twins with cannibal appetite. Tonga: Gifford 192.

G11.11.2. G11.11.2. Hairless cannibal. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 344.

G11.12. G11.12. Cannibal with winnowing tray and pestle. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 73.

G11.13. G11.13. Gambling cannibal. Icelandic: Boberg; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

G11.14. G11.14. Jungle-man as cannibal. India: Thompson-Balys.

G11.15. G11.15. Cannibal demon. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Alu: Wheeler 8, 44, 48, 50, 56.

G11.16. G11.16. Army of cannibal monsters. India: Thompson-Balys.

G11.17. G11.17. Seven-mouthed cannibal ogre. India: Thompson-Balys.

G11.18. G11.18. Cannibal tribe. Jewish: Neuman.

G11.18.1. G11.18.1. Cannibal people driven from land. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 341.

G12. G12. Transformation in order to eat own kind. Man transforms self to animal and eats men. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 71 No. 15.

G13. G13. Spiritual exaltation from eating human flesh. Penzer II 198 n. 1.

G13.1. G13.1. Ritual cannibalism: corpse of hero (demigod) eaten to acquire his strength. India: Thompson-Balys.

G13.2. G13.2. Ogre eats beautiful girl hoping to have her beauty. India: Thompson-Balys.

G15. G15. Human being devoured daily. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G15.1. G15.1. Giant eats men on New Year’s Day. India: Thompson-Balys.

G17. G17. Ogre seduces sleeping girl in order to devour her. India: Thompson-Balys.

G18. G18. Haunts of cannibals.

G18.1. G18.1. Cannibals live at cemetery. India: Thompson-Balys.

G20. G20. Ghouls. Persons eat corpses. Type 363; Chauvin VI 198 No. 371; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 276, 281; India: *Thompson-Balys, *Penzer II 202; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 104, III 104; Africa (BaRonga): Einstein 262.

G20.1. G20.1. Devil as husband eats corpses. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 369.

G21. G21. Female eater of corpses. India: Thompson-Balys.

G23. G23. People who eat their parents when they die, saying: they carried us in their bodies when we were born; now we shall do the same for them. India: Thompson-Balys.

G25. G25. Abandoned infant lives by eating corpse of murdered father. (Cf. S350.) Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 385.

G27. G27. Moon made to eat wife‘s corpse by mother-in-law. S. A. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 550.

G30. G30. Person becomes cannibal. MacCulloch Childhood 297.--Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 197; Maori: Clark 152; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 295, 302; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 128, 258, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 260; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 357 n. 287c.

G31. G31. Children flee from father who turns cannibal. Cosquin RTP XXX 79.

G33. G33. Child born as cannibal. *Type 406*; *Fb ”menneskeжder“ II 580.

G33.1. G33.1. Cannibal disenchanted by overcoming it. Becomes maiden. Type 406*; Russian: Andrejev No. 406.

G34. G34. Human child brought up by ogress becomes a man-eater. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 943.

G36. G36. Taste of human flesh leads to habitual cannibalism. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 573.

G36.1. G36.1. Husband becomes cannibal from eating wife’s breast. She cuts off her breasts and cooks them to feed her family. The husband thus acquires a longing for human flesh. *Type 450.

G36.2. G36.2. Human blood (flesh) accidentally tasted: brings desire for human flesh. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G36.2.1. G36.2.1. People fear that boy who eats raw birds will eat them when he grows older. Chinese: Graham.

G37. G37. Girl seduced by brother becomes cannibal ogre. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 59.

G50--G79.

G50--G79. OCCASIONAL CANNIBALISM

G50. G50. Occasional cannibalism.

G51. G51. Person eats own flesh. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 597; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 45; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 232 No. 46.

G51.1. G51.1. Person eats self up. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 186; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 304 n. 109m, (California): Gayton and Newman 92; Africa (Togo): Einstein 12f.

G55. G55. People who eat child become supernatural. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 258, (Greenland): Rink 466.

G60. G60. Human flesh eaten unwittingly. Penzer II 113; English: Wells 151 (Richard Coer de Lyon); Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

G61. G61. Relative’s flesh eaten unwittingly. *Type 720; BP I 412ff.; *MacCulloch Childhood 283ff.; *Cosquin Йtudes 394; *Fb ”menneskekjшd“ II 579b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Fox 70, 119, 120 (Prokne and Tereus, Tantalus, Thyestes); Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 573; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Oceanic (Indonesia, New Zealand, Molucca): Dixon 58, 195, 229f.; Indonesian: De Vries‘s list Nos. 227, 228; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 106, 128, 160, 286, 447, Holm 43, 90, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 215, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 627, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 229; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 300 nn. 97, 98 and 340 n. 226; S. A. Indian (Baikairi): Alexander Lat. Am. 303; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 20, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 402 No. 2, 405 No. 4, (Kaffir): Theal 100, (Angola): Chatelain 191 No. 24, (Thonga): Junod 217, (Fjort): Dennett 82 No. 19, (Benga): Nassau 105 No. 8, (Basuto): Jacottet 260 No. 38, 276 No. 41; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 314 No. 54, Remus 165 No. 34; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 73 n. 3.

G61.1. G61.1. Child recognizes relative‘s flesh when it is served to be eaten. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 167, 173, (Kaffir): Theal 100, (Basuto): Jacottet 260 No. 38; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 314 No. 54.

G61.1.1. G61.1.1. Girl avoids eating her mother’s flesh by spilling the meat and the soup in the pen. Chinese: Graham.

G61.2. G61.2. Mother recognizes child‘s flesh when it is served to be eaten. India: Thompson-Balys.

G62. G62. Murderer caused to eat victim’s flesh unwittingly. Sickens and dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

G63. G63. Unwitting cannibalism: scavenger in wedding feast finds basket of noses put there by hero and thinks it full of meat. India: Thompson-Balys.

G64. G64. Human flesh being cooked speaks out. India: Thompson-Balys.

G70. G70. Occasional cannibalism--deliberate.

G70.1. G70.1. Hungry seamen eat human flesh. Fb ”menneskekjшd“ II 579b.

G71. G71. Unnatural children eat parent. *Cox Cinderella 499; MacCulloch Childhood 295; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

G71.1. G71.1. Girl attempts to eat parents but they escape. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 179, (Greenland): Holm 53, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 81, Rasmussen III 159.

G72. G72. Unnatural parents eat children. MacCulloch Childhood 293ff.; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos 148, 216; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 8 n. 2 (Zeus and Kronos); Jewish: Gaster Exempla 198f. No. 69; India: Thompson-Balys; New Zealand: Dixon 85; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 199; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 89, Rasmussen III 121, 305; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 232 No. 46; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 31; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 99 No. 6, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 413 No. 12, (Kaffir): Theal 140, (Zulu): Callaway 47, (Fang): Tessman 108, (Pangwe): Tessman 365.

G72.1. G72.1. Woman plans to eat her children. *Type 450; Grimm No. 143a; BP III 151.

G72.2. G72.2. Starving woman abandoned in cave eats newborn child. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G72.3. G72.3. Girl child fed on infant boys‘ flesh to make her grow faster. Irish myth: *Cross.

G72.4. G72.4. Voice of slain and eaten child comes from the heart of cannibal. (Cf. F911.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

G73. G73. Girls eat their sister. Cox Cinderella 499; India: Thompson-Balys.

G73.1. G73.1. Brothers eat their sister. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G73.2. G73.2. Brother eats brother. Mono-Alu: Wheeler 22.

G74. G74. Man eats friend. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 121.

G75. G75. Father takes his daughter to cannibal to be eaten. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 116 No. 27.

G76. G76. Aged person eaten. Icelandic: Boberg; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 168.

G77. G77. Husband eats wife. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 886; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 157, Rink 106; S. A. Indian (More): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 406, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 161.

G78. G78. Cannibalism during plague. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

G78.1. G78.1. Cannibalism in time of famine. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 92.

G79. G79. Occasional cannibalism--deliberate--miscellaneous.

G79.1. G79.1. Animal-wife devours her husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

G79.2. G79.2. Woman eats daughter-in-law. S. A. Indian (More): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 406.

G80. G80. Other motifs dealing with cannibals.

G81. G81. Unwitting marriage to cannibal *Type 311; *MacCulloch Childhood 291ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Greenland): I 262; West Indies: Flowers 440.

G81.1. G81.1. Cannibal marries wife by force. Chinese: Graham.

G82. G82. Cannibal fattens victim. *Type 327, 314, *BP I 115ff.; Chauvin VII 19 No. 373D; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 107, Holm 11; N. A. Indian (Kaska): Teit JAFL XXX 448 No. 8.

G82.1. G82.1. Cannibal cuts captive’s finger to test fatness. *Type 327; BP I 115ff.; Fb ”slagte“, ”finger“.

G82.1.1. G82.1.1. Captive sticks out bone instead of finger when cannibal tries to test his fatness. *Type 327; BP I 115ff.; *Fb ”hale“ I 537, ”lysepile“ II 487; Korean: Zong in-Sob 147 No. 65.

G83. G83. Cannibal sharpens knife to kill captive. German: Grimm No. 41; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3910; Japanese: Ikeda; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 270f. Nos. 82, 83.

G83.1. G83.1. Ogress whets teeth to kill captive. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 64 (to Gonzenbach No. 13); Irish myth: Cross (G153); Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8, V No. 4.

G84. G84. Fee-fi-fo-fum. Cannibal returning home smells human flesh and makes exclamation. (Cf. G11.8.1.) *Type 327; *Fb ”kristenblod“ II 300a.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 29, 312 No. 67; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Breton: Sйbillot ”chair“; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 230; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 89, 168; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 111, 184; Maori: Clark 39, 100; Tonga: Gifford 168; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/931, z-G. 3/1276); N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 357 n. 287h; Africa: Werner African 233, (Kaffir): Theal 80, 118, 124, 138, (Zanzibar): Bateman 133, (Ekoi): Talbot 56, 63, (Basuto): Jacottet 4, 206, 218, 234, (Angola): Chatelain 117, (Zulu): Callaway 40.

G85. G85. Ungrateful cannibal. Eats offered food and then threatens hosts. *Jochelson JE VI 376.

G86. G86. Cannibals cut off parts of children‘s bodies. Dickson Valentine and Orson 41 n. 41; Japanese: Ikeda.

G86.1. G86.1. Cannibal ogress gives finger of one girl to her frightened sister. Chinese: Graham.

G87. G87. Cannibal crunching human bone says noise is only eating of peas. India: Thompson-Balys.

G88. G88. Cannibal has long tooth and long nail. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 210 No. 31.

G88.1. G88.1. Men with iron claws eat girl. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 79.

G88.2. G88.2. Man-eater with two great tusks on which he hangs the carcasses of the dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

G91. G91. Cannibalism brings madness. Fb ”menneskekjшd“ II 580a.

G91.1. G91.1. Man forced to eat dead father’s heart goes mad. Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 108.

G91.1.1. G91.1.1. Man forced to eat dead father‘s heart struck dumb. Irish myth: *Cross.

G91.2. G91.2. Cannibalism causes death. India: Thompson-Balys.

G92. G92. Cannibal hard to lift. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 70.

G93. G93. Cannibal breaks wind as means of attack. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

G94. G94. Cannibal’s gigantic meal.

G94.1. G94.1. Ogress takes travelers out of cave and devours them one by one. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 264.

G94.2. G94.2. Cannibal ogres eat daily ten men, ten women, ten children from the same tribe. Africa (Fang): Einstein 65.

G95. G95. Old man says his arm is getting thin--indicates desire for human flesh. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 86.

G100--G199.

G100--G199. Giant ogres.

G100. G100. Giant ogre. Polyphemus. (For motifs concerning giants who are not malevolent but merely large, see F531.) *Types 304, 311, 312, 313, 314, 314*, 327, 327*, 328, 518, 531, 545A, 1137, 1148*, 1165*; *Hackman Die Polyphemsage; *BP III 375ff.; *Clouston Tales I 133ff.: Arill Polyphemosmotivet i bohuslдnsk folkdiktning (Bohuslдnska Folkminnen [Uddevalla, 1922] 54); *Chauvin VII 17 No. 373C, VIII 205, IX 93; Saintyves Perrault 281ff.; Dickson 130--135 passim.--English: Wells 17 (Guy of Warwick), 22 (Sir Beues of Hamtoun), 32 (Layamon‘s Brut), 80 (Sir Tristem), 88 (Roland and Vernagu), 117 (Sir Torrent of Portyngale); Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s. v. ”geant“; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 47 Nos. 69--73; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 275ff.; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12, 20; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 85 No. 5.

G100.1. G100.1. Giant ogre (Fomorian). Irish myth: *Cross.

G101. G101. Giant gambler as ogre. N. A. Indian (Navaho): Alexander N. Am. 163.

G105. G105. Valley of the one hundred giants. India: Thompson-Balys.

G110. G110. Possessions of giant ogres. Irish myth: Cross.

G111. G111. Giant ogres possess castle. *Types 304, 545A; *BP III 113 n. 4; English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain); Irish myth: Cross.

G112. G112. Giant‘s fields fertile; others arid. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21.

G120. G120. Physical characteristics of giant ogres.

G121. G121. Blind giant ogre. *Type 1165*; *Hackman Polyphemsage; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 57.

G121.1. G121.1. Three giants with one eye. They pass it around. Type 328*.

G121.1.1. G121.1.1. One-eyed giant (ogre). Irish myth: *Cross.

G122. G122. Giant’s hair grows into rock. He is thus kept from falling from cliff. N. A. Indian (Navaho): Alexander N. Am. 163.

G123. G123. Giant ogress with breasts thrown over her shoulder. Van Gennep Formation des Lйgendes 47; Finnish: Holmberg Finno-Ugric 183.

G124. G124. Skeleton giant. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 91.

G125. G125. Fire-spewing giantess. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G126. G126. Giant ogre in shape of animal.

G126.1. G126.1. Giant ogre in the shape of a cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

G126.2. G126.2. Giant ogre in shape of horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

G130. G130. Customs of giant ogres.

G131. G131. Giant ogre never crosses water. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12.

G150. G150. Giant ogres--miscellaneous.

G151. G151. Two giants with one axe. They throw it back and forth to each other. *Fb ”шkse“ III 1171b.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3711.

G152. G152. Giant herdsman. Hideous beastlike giant guards a herd of wild fighting animals. Herdsman can seize one of them in such a way as to make rest beg mercy. *Brown Iwain 7ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

G152.1. G152.1. Giant with tree for herding-stick. German: Dьmke Havensagen (Leipzig, 1924) 72 No. 56, Haas Pommersche Sagen (Berlin, 1912) 54 No. 106.

G154. G154. Giant hacked so that a staircase is made up his body. Hero climbs up and kills him. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17.

G156. G156. King of the giants. India: Thompson-Balys.

G157. G157. Giant ogre‘s prodigious speed. India: Thompson-Balys.

G158. G158. Giant’s shriek heard five miles away. India: Thompson-Balys.

G161. G161. Giant issues out of tiny vessel. India: Thompson-Balys.

G162. G162. Giant lives in a castle in the air. India: Thompson-Balys.

G171. G171. Giant roasts camels, elephants for food on crater of volcano. India: Thompson-Balys.

G200--G299.

G200--G299. Witches.

G200. G200. Witch. *Types 405, 432, 442, 708, 710, 711; **Kittredge Witchcraft; *Vordemfelde Die Hexe im deutschen Volksmдrchen (Mogk Festschrift 588); *Fb ”heks“ IV 206a; Hansen Zauberwahn, Inquisition und Hexenprozess im Mittelalter (Mьnchen and Leipzig, 1900), ibid. Quellen und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Hexenwahns und der Hexenverfolgung in den цsterr. Alpenlдndern (1934); Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1827--1920; R. F. Fortune Sorcerers of Dobu (London, 1932); M. A. Murray The Witch-Cult in Western Europe (Oxford, 1921); M. Summers The History of Witchcraft and Demonology (London, 1926); *Arne Runeberg Witches, Demons and Fertility Magic (Helsinki, 1947); A. Mayer Erdmutter und Hexe (Mьnchen, 1936); *Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 117.--Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 235 (”glastig“); Icelandic: *Boberg; Lappish: Hartland Science 173; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 81ff. Nos. 673--739; Jewish: *Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights I 28, 76, 333, II 233--238, VI 158, 242n., VIII 131, S VI 325ff., 452; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer X 362 s.v. ”Witch“; Mono: Wheeler 45; Papua: Ker 21, 31, 68; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/499); S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 77, (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 328; Africa: *Werner African 333ff., (Basuto): Jacottet 236 No. 34.

G201. G201. Three witch sisters. Sometimes simply three hags. *BP I 114; *R. Drinkuth Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 109--154, XXXIII 1--77; *Von Sydow Tvе Spinnsagor 68ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 245; India: Thompson-Balys.

G201.1. G201.1. Three witches (hags) deformed from much spinning. *Type 501; *Von Sydow Tvе Spinnsagor.

G202. G202. Beneficent witches. Papua: Ker 52, 127.

G203. G203. Origin of witches. Icelandic: Boberg.

G203.1. G203.1. Witch daughter of fairy and man. Icelandic: Boberg.

G203.2. G203.2. Witches come forth at emergence of mankind. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 344.

G204. G204. Girl in service of witch. *Types 310, 428; Herrmann Saxo II 485.

G205. G205. Witch stepmother. *Types 403, 450; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *453, *481; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 266 No. 40, (Ekoi): Talbot 401; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 268 No. 80.

G206. G206. Witch has (three) giant sons. Irish myth: *Cross.

G207. G207. Male witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 648.

G210. G210. Form of witch.

G210.0.1. G210.0.1. Witch invisible. (Cf. A11, D1980, E421.1, G303.6.2.1, F235.1, E501.1.) England: *Baughman.

G211. G211. Witch in animal form. Kittredge Witchcraft 174 nn. 1--3.

G211.1. G211.1. Witch in form of domestic beast.

G211.1.1. G211.1.1. Witch in form of horse. (Cf. D131.) Kцhler-Bolte I 220, 586; *Fb ”Troms kirke“ III 858b; Tobler 45; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 153, Boberg; Hindu: Tawney I 342.

G211.1.1.1. G211.1.1.1. Witch in form of headless horse. *Fb ”fцl“ I 400.

G211.1.1.2. G211.1.1.2. Witch as horse shod with horseshoes. Kцhler-Bolte I 220, 586; *Fb ”Troms kirke“ III 858b; Tobler 44; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 91.

G211.1.2. G211.1.2. Witch in form of mule. U.S.: Baughman.

G211.1.3. G211.1.3. Witch in form of cow. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G211.1.4. G211.1.4. Witch in form of sheep. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G211.1.5. G211.1.5. Witch in form of goat. (Cf. G262.3.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

G211.1.6. G211.1.6. Witch in form of hog. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

G211.1.7. G211.1.7. Witch in form of cat. (Cf. D142.) Fb ”kat“ II 107b, IV 255b; Tobler 42; Irish myth: Cross; England, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 659; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 325 No. 15; German: Grimm No. 69; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 167--172.

G211.1.8. G211.1.8. Witch in form of dog. (Cf. D141.) *Fb ”heks“ I 581a; Tobler 41; Kittredge Witchcraft 176f. nn. 22--29; England: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 438; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 173; West Indies: Flowers 441; S. A. Indian (Arawak of Surinam): Jijena Sanchez 23.

G211.2. G211.2. Witch in form of wild beast.

G211.2.1. G211.2.1. Witch in form of bear. (Cf. D113.2.) Fb ”heks“ I 581a.

G211.2.2. G211.2.2. Witch in form of wolf. (Cf. D113.1.) Fb ”heks“; Icelandic: Snorra Edda Gylf. XII, *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 31, 315 No. 124.

G211.2.3. G211.2.3. Witch in form of fox. (Cf. D113.3.) Fb ”heks“ I 581a; U.S.: Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 25; Japanese: Anesaki 325f.

G211.2.4. G211.2.4. Witch in form of deer. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

G211.2.4.1. G211.2.4.1. Witch in form of stag. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G211.2.5. G211.2.5. Witch in form of mouse. (Cf. D117.1.) Fb ”heks“ I 581a.

G211.2.6. G211.2.6. Witch in form of rat. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G211.2.7. G211.2.7. Witch in form of hare. (Cf. D123.) Fb ”hare“ I 556; Kittredge Witchcraft 179 nn. 45--49; Irish myth: Cross; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman.

G211.2.7.1. G211.2.7.1. Witch as hare allows self to be coursed by dogs for pay or for sport. England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

G211.2.8. G211.2.8. Witch as raccoon. U.S.: Baughman.

G211.2.9. G211.2.9. Witch as hedgehog. England: *Baughman.

G211.2.10. G211.2.10. Witch in form of bat. England: Baughman.

G211.3. G211.3. Witch in form of domestic bird.

G211.3.1. G211.3.1. Witch in form of hen. (Cf. D166.) *Fb ”hцne“ I 750b; U.S.: Baughman.

G211.3.1.1. G211.3.1.1. Witch in form of rooster. U.S.: Baughman.

G211.3.2. G211.3.2. Witch in form of duck. (Cf. D165.) *Fb ”and“ IV 12b.

G211.3.3. G211.3.3. Witch in form of goose (gosling). England: Baughman.

G211.4. G211.4. Witch in form of wild bird. U.S.: *Baughman.

G211.4.1. G211.4.1. Witch in form of crow. (Cf. D151.4.) Fb ”krage“ II 285b; U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

G211.4.2. G211.4.2. Witch in form of partridge. U.S.: Baughman.

G211.4.3. G211.4.3. Witch in form of heath hen. U.S.: Baughman.

G211.4.4. G211.4.4. Witch in form of owl. U.S.: Baughman.

G211.4.5. G211.4.5. Witch in the form of buzzard. U.S.: Baughman.

G211.5. G211.5. Witch in form of an insect.

G211.5.1. G211.5.1. Witch in form of fly. (Cf. D185.) Fb ”flue“ I 315.

G211.5.2. G211.5.2. Witch in form of bee. India: Thompson-Balys.

G211.5.3. G211.5.3. Witch in form of beetle. U.S.: *Baughman.

G211.6. G211.6. Witch in amphibian form.

G211.6.1. G211.6.1. Witch in form of toad. (Cf. D196.) Fb ”tudse“ III 888b; England, Wales, U.S.: Baughman.

G211.6.2. G211.6.2. Witch in form of crocodile. Africa: Stanley 100.

G211.7. G211.7. Witch in form of fish.

G211.7.1. G211.7.1. Witch in form of whale.1 North Carolina: Brown Collection I 644; Icelandic: Ketils saga H. 116, 131, Hjбlmters saga ok Цlvers 507--08, Boberg.

G211.8. G211.8. Witch in form of reptile.

G211.8.1. G211.8.1. Witch in form of snake. England, U.S.: Baughman; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G211.9. G211.9. Witch in form of mythical animal. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G211.9.1. G211.9.1. Witch in form of dragon. (Cf. D119.2.). Icelandic: *Boberg.

G212. G212. Witch in form of object. (Cf. D200.)

G212.1. G212.1. Witch in form of blade of straw. Tobler 45; Wales: Baughman.

G212.2. G212.2. Witch in form of cookstove. U.S.: Baughman.

G212.3. G212.3. Witch in form of a scroll. England: Baughman.

G212.4. G212.4. Witch in form of a tree. England: Baughman.

G212.5. G212.5. Witch in form of ball of fire. (Cf. F491, E742.2.) England: Baughman.

G213. G213. Witch with extraordinary eyes.

G213.1. G213.1. One-eyed witch. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

G213.2. G213.2. Witch with red eyes. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn V (1897) 233ff., (1934) 188ff.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 325 No. 11.

G213.3. G213.3. Witch with receding eyes. Irish myth: Cross.

G213.4. G213.4. Witch with blazing eyes. Irish myth: Cross.

G214. G214. Witch with extraordinary teeth.

G214.1. G214.1. Witch with long teeth. Fb ”tand“ III 771ab; Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 118; Irish myth: *Cross; German: Grimm No. 24.

G214.2. G214.2. Witch with iron teeth. Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 117.

G214.3. G214.3. Witch with nine rows of teeth. Irish myth: Cross.

G214.4. G214.4. Witch with twisted tusks (reaching to her shoulders). Irish myth: Cross.

G215. G215. Witch extraordinary as to head.

G215.1. G215.1. Seven-headed witch. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 268 Nos. 79, 80.

G216. G216. Witch with extraordinary feet.

G216.1. G216.1. Witch with goose feet. *Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 117f.

G217. G217. Witch with enormous hands. India: Thompson-Balys.

G219. G219. Form of witch--miscellaneous.

G219.1. G219.1. Witch with iron members. *Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 118 nn. 7--9.

G219.2. G219.2. Witch (troll-woman) with beard. Fb ”mus“ II 631b.

G219.3. G219.3. Witch has long nails. Irish myth: Cross.

G219.4. G219.4. Witch with very long hair. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G219.5. G219.5. Wrinkled witch. Irish myth: Cross.

G219.6. G219.6. Witch is twisted, bony (has lumps on body). Irish myth: *Cross.

G219.7. G219.7. Black witch. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G219.8. G219.8. Tailed witch.

G219.8.1. G219.8.1. Witch with fifteen tails. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 357, Boberg.

G219.8.2. G219.8.2. Witch with knife-like tail. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 183.

G219.9. G219.9. Witch‘s back covered with nails and broken glass. Type 480; Roberts 169.

G220. G220. Characteristics of witches.

G220.0.1. G220.0.1. ”Black“ and ”white“ witches. Malevolent and benevolent. U.S.: Baughman.

G220.0.2. G220.0.2. Sex of witches. Both men and women are called witches. England: *Baughman.

G221. G221. Strength of witches.

G221.1. G221.1. Strength of witches in hair. *Fb ”hеr“ I 771b.

G221.1.1. G221.1.1. Witch‘s hair has power to bind or to transform. *BP I 554; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 231, 237, 239; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 68.

G221.2. G221.2. Strength of witches depends on their touching earth. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 316 No. 128.

G221.3. G221.3. Witch has extraordinary bodily strength. (Cf. D1830, F610.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

G221.3.1. G221.3.1. Witch marks stone with finger marks. U.S.: Baughman.

G221.4. G221.4. Witch cannot be hurt if she looks attacker in the face. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 372.

G222. G222. Luminous witches.

G222.1. G222.1. When devil combs witches, sparks fly. Fb ”kjжmme“ II 148.

G222.2. G222.2. Luminous witch-boat. Carries fishermen to bottom of sea. S. A. Indian (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 328.

G223. G223. Head of beheaded witch mends if rubbed with salt. *Fb ”hoved“ I 654b.

G224. G224. Source of witch’s magic. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 151--159.

G224.1. G224.1. Witch‘s charm opposite of Christian. Must be ”Without God and Holy Mary“ instead of ”With God, etc.“ (Cf. G224.5.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 84 No. *746, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 151, 153, 154; England, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; West Indies: Flowers 441.

G224.2. G224.2. Witch‘s salve. Source of magic power. *Fb ”salve“ III 151b; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 150--158.

G224.3. G224.3. Witches get their powers from books. (Cf. D1266.) England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

G224.4. G224.4. Person sells soul to devil in exchange for witch powers. (Cf. G281, M211, K210ff.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G224.5. G224.5. Witch‘s power received by altering religious ceremony. (Cf. G224.1.) Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G224.6. G224.6. Witch power acquired by standing on manure pile, swinging red lantern, looking over shoulder. U.S.: Baughman.

G224.7. G224.7. Witch gets power by licking brew made from a serpent. (Cf. B217.1.1.) Scotland: Baughman.

G224.8. G224.8. Person gets witch power by walking twelve times around a church backward at midnight. England: Baughman.

G224.9. G224.9. Witch power is inherited. England: *Baughman.

G224.10. G224.10. Witch power is transferred from one person to another. (Cf. D1751.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G224.11. G224.11. Witch power from bone (”witch bone“).

G224.11.1. G224.11.1. Witch bone from toad. England: *Baughman.

G224.11.2. G224.11.2. Witch bone from cat. U.S.: Baughman.

G224.12. G224.12. Word charm gives witch power. (Cf. D1273.) England, Scotland: *Baughman.

G224.13. G224.13. Other sources of witch’s power.

G224.13.1. G224.13.1. Witch uses bottle of horse-nail stumps to bewitch people. (Cf. D1274.1.) England: Baughman.

G224.14. G224.14. Witches renew powers periodically. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G225. G225. Witch‘s familiar spirit. Argentina: *Jijena Sanchez 73--114.

G225.0.1. G225.0.1. Witch feeds animal familiar with her own blood. Kittredge Witchcraft 179 nn. 51--53; England: Baughman.

G225.0.2. G225.0.2. Familiar is given to witch by devil when person becomes witch. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G225.0.3. G225.0.3. Familiars do work for witch. England: Baughman.

G225.0.4. G225.0.4. Bullets will not harm witch’s familiars. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 81 (D1840).

G225.0.5. G225.0.5. Familiar‘s abode is magician’s cellar. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 85.

G225.0.5.1. G225.0.5.1. Familiar‘s abode is hearth of magician. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 84, 92.

G225.0.6. G225.0.6. Familiar comes at nightfall and disappears at cockcrow. (Cf. E452.) Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 86f.

G225.0.7. G225.0.7. Familiar to be fed on human meat. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 88, 90.

G225.1. G225.1. Insect as witch’s familiar. (Fly, bee, gnat, spider.) Kittredge Witchcraft 180 n. 54; Tobler 40; England: Baughman.

G225.2. G225.2. Horse as witch‘s companion. *Howey 172ff.; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 76, 87.

G225.3. G225.3. Cat as servant of witch. Fb ”kat“ II 107; Kittredge Witchcraft 177f. n. 36; England, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 660, 664; Icelandic: Boberg.

G225.4. G225.4. Toad as witch’s familiar. (Cf. G303.10.2.) Kittredge Witchcraft 182 nn. 76--87; England: Baughman; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 76.

G225.5. G225.5. Witch has an army of dragons, lions and bears. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 271--75, Boberg.

G225.6. G225.6. Dog as witch‘s familiar. England: *Baughman; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 76, 85; German: Grimm No. 85.

G225.7. G225.7. Other animal as witch’s familiar. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G225.7.1. G225.7.1. Magician‘s familiar a pig. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 76.

G225.7.2. G225.7.2. Magician’s familiar a viper. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 76, 92.

G225.8. G225.8. Minor devil or imp as witch‘s familiar. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G229. G229. Characteristics of witches--miscellaneous.

G229.1. G229.1. Soul of witch leaves the body. England, U.S.: Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 315 No. 124.

G229.1.1. G229.1.1. Witch who is out of skin is prevented from reentering it when person salts or peppers skin. (Cf. G275.8.1.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G229.2. G229.2. Witch carries her children in her own body. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 269 No. 82.

G229.3. G229.3. Witches lack bread and salt. Fb ”salt“ III 148a.

G229.4. G229.4. Invulnerability of witches. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G229.4.1. G229.4.1. Witch can be killed only by certain lance. Irish myth: Cross.

G229.4.2. G229.4.2. Witch can catch bullets and send them back. (Cf. G265.8.3.1.2.) Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

G229.4.3. G229.4.3. Witch‘s body does not bleed when stuck with sharp object. (Cf. G225.0.1, G273.6.) England: Baughman.

G229.4.4. G229.4.4. Witch says her knees are beads (liver is lead, stomach is copper, or the like). Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 312.

G229.5. G229.5. Beautiful witch. (Cf. G264.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 660; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G229.6. G229.6. Witch’s body melts stone she sits on. England: Baughman.

G229.7. G229.7. Blue lights follow witches. U.S.: *Baughman.

G229.8. G229.8. Fire burns up and crackles when wizard passes fireplace. England: Baughman.

G230. G230. Habitat of witches.

G231. G231. Witch dwells on cliff. Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 119; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 152, Boberg.

G232. G232. Witch dwells on glass mountain. *Fb ”glasbjжrg“ I 459--460, ”heks“ I 582.

G233. G233. Witch lives in fairy mound. Irish myth: Cross.

G234. G234. Witch resides in tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

G235. G235. Witch lives in monastery. (Cf. G243.) India: Thompson-Balys.

G236. G236. Witch lives in forest. German: Grimm Nos. 15, 60, 69, 123.

G240. G240. Habits of witches.

G241. G241. Witch rides. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G241.1. G241.1. Witch rides on unusual animal.

G241.1.1. G241.1.1. Witch rides on wolf. Fb ”ulv“ III 970a; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 226, 146, *Boberg; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 654.

G241.1.2. G241.1.2. Witch rides on goat. *Fb ”buk“ IV 77a; Kittredge Witchcraft 175 nn. 9--10; England: Baughman.

G241.1.3. G241.1.3. Witch rides on dog. *Fb ”hund“ I 676b.

G241.1.4. G241.1.4. Witch rides on cat. England: Baughman.

G241.1.4.1. G241.1.4.1. Witch rides on black cat. Fb ”ride“ III 53a.

G241.1.5. G241.1.5. Witch rides on whale. Icelandic: Boberg.

G241.1.6. G241.1.6. Witch rides on cattle. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 302.

G241.1.7. G241.1.7. Witch rides on tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

G241.2. G241.2. Witch rides on person. Fb ”ride“ III 52b; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 649, 667; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 302, Boberg.

G241.2.1. G241.2.1. Witch transforms man to horse and rides him. *Fb ”hest“ I 599a; England, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 650; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3656; Livonian: Loorits FFC XVI 62 No. 157; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 130 No. 71; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 306I.

G241.2.1.1. G241.2.1.1. Witch transforms person by means of magic bridle. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G241.2.2. G241.2.2. Person enchanted by witch‘s salve so as to be ridden by witch. *Fb ”salve“ III 151a.

G241.3. G241.3. Witch rides on horse. (Cf. G241.2.1.) Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G241.3.1. G241.3.1. Witch rides on horses transformed from straw. U.S.: *Baughman.

G241.3.2. G241.3.2. Witch rides horses through air. England: Baughman.

G241.3.3. G241.3.3. Witch‘s horse or witch leaves mark on church steeple as he goes over. England: *Baughman.

G241.4. G241.4. Witch rides on object.

G241.4.1. G241.4.1. Witches ride on tubs using goose wings for oars. England: Baughman.

G241.4.2. G241.4.2. Witches travel on water in eggshells. England. U.S.: *Baughman.

G241.4.3. G241.4.3. Witch travels over water in a sieve or a riddle. England, Scotland: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 660.

G241.4.4. G241.4.4. Witches ride on bee-hives. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3652.

G242. G242. Witch flies through air. Kittredge Witchcraft 29; *Penzer II 104, IX 57--59; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 300f.; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 150--56.

G242.1. G242.1. Witch flies through air on broomstick. Kittredge Witchcraft 243, 547 n. 33; Fb ”lime“ II 430, ”limeskaft“ II 430f.; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 81f. Nos. 675, 683; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 48 No. 106; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 138 No. 106; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3651; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 156.

G242.1.1. G242.1.1. Witch smears fat on brooms in preparation for flight. Fb ”fejd“; Penzer IX 45 n. 1; England, U.S.: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 81f. Nos. 675, 683.

G242.1.2. G242.1.2. Witch rides stalk of broom (ragwort). England: *Baughman.

G242.2. G242.2. Witch flies as whirlwind. Fb ”hvirvlevind“ I 707b.

G242.3. G242.3. Witch flies through air on leaf. Irish myth: Cross.

G242.4. G242.4. Witches ride tree through the air. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G242.5. G242.5. Other objects that bear witches aloft. England: *Baughman.

G242.6. G242.6. Witches use magic aids for flying. (See D1531, G242.1.1.)

G242.7. G242.7. Person flying with witches makes mistake and falls. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G242.8. G242.8. Person imitates witch by putting ointment in eye: eye blinded. (Cf. F361.3.) England: Baughman.

G243. G243. Witch‘s sabbath. A meeting of witches in which church services are burlesqued. **Kittredge Witchcraft chapter XVI; Sahlgren Blеkulla och blеkullafдrderna (Namn och Bygd 1915); Siebs Zs. f. Vksk. III 391; Schell ibid. IV 213; Gruessing ibid. III 172; *Fb ”heks“ I 580b, ”Bloksbjжrg“ IV 49b, ”Troms kirke“ III 858b, 859ab, ”Sankt Hansdag“ III 161b, ”Valborg aften“ III 993a, ”kirke“ IV 258b.--England: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 81 Nos. 673--675; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3651; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 23, 315 No. 128; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 151, 156, 157.

G243.1. G243.1. Obeisance to devil at witch’s sabbath. England: Baughman; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 151, 155, 156; West Indies: Flowers 444.

G243.1.1. G243.1.1. Witches kiss devil‘s tail. Fb ”kysse“.

G243.2. G243.2. Parody of church ceremony at witch’s sabbath. Kittredge Witchcraft 243.

G243.2.1. G243.2.1. Witch‘s rosary consists of goat dung. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 329 No. 54.

G243.3. G243.3. Witches have sexual intercourse with devil or his minions. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G243.3.1. G243.3.1. Witch gives birth to toads and snakes after union with devil. U.S.: Baughman.

G243.4. G243.4. Witches worship demon. India: Thompson-Balys.

G244. G244. Witch spins. *Hoffmann Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 nn. 5--8. Cf. Types 480, 501.

G244.1. G244.1. Witch winds yarn. Irish myth: Cross.

G245. G245. Witch bathes. Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 3.

G245.1. G245.1. Witch transforms self into snake when she bathes. Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 117.

G246. G246. Witches bake bread. Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 117, 119 n. 4.

G247. G247. Witches dance. *Fb ”danse“ IV 93a; U.S.: Baughman; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 150, 155--157, 171.

G247.1. G247.1. Witches dance with devil at witch’s holiday. England: *Baughman.

G248. G248. Witches feast on rich food and drink. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G248.1. G248.1. Man joins feast of witches. (Cf. G242.7.) U.S.: *Baughman.

G249. G249. Habits of witches--miscellaneous.

G249.1. G249.1. Witches drive herds of deer. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 239, 241, 255--57.

G249.2. G249.2. Witches scream. Irish myth: Cross.

G249.3. G249.3. Witch enters and leaves house by chimney. (Cf. F275, G242.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

G249.4. G249.4. Witch returns late home and leaves early. BP III 38; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G249.5. G249.5. Witches boil cauldron of wizardry (cook dog). Irish myth: *Cross.

G249.6. G249.6. Witch followed by husband; dies when discovered. (Cf. G252.) India: Thompson-Balys.

G249.7. G249.7. Witches go through keyholes. (Cf. F304.3.) England: *Baughman.

G249.8. G249.8. Witches open doors and windows. (Cf. E338.1.1.4.) England: Baughman.

G249.9. G249.9. Witches vanish from prison. England: *Baughman.

G249.10. G249.10. Witches can see in the dark. England: Baughman.

G249.10.1. G249.10.1. Witches use eyes of animals to travel at night. They leave their own eyes at home, substitute those of an animal. (Cf. E781.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

G249.11. G249.11. Witches rock empty chairs. (Cf. F473.2.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

G250. G250. Recognition of witches.

G250.1. G250.1. Man discovers his wife is a witch. Papua: Ker 68.

G251. G251. Witch recognized by seeing wandering soul return.

G251.1. G251.1. Witch recognized by seeing wasp (beetle) enter her mouth while asleep. Only when it enters can she be awakened. Tobler 39f.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 83 No. 684.

G251.1.1. G251.1.1. Separable soul of witch in parrot. (Cf. E732.) India: Thompson-Balys.

G251.2. G251.2. Witch recognized when skin of witch is found with soul absent. (Cf. G229.1.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

G252. G252. Witch in form of cat has hand cut off: recognized next morning by missing hand. Taylor MPh XVII (1919) 59 n. 8; Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 660; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3657, 3684; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 25, 307 No. 31, 325 Nos. 7, 15; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 170, 171; Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 444.

G252.0.1. G252.0.1. A cat in form of an old woman has hand cut off; recognized next morning by missing paw. Japanese: Ikeda.

G252.1. G252.1. Witch killed as whale. She herself is sitting at home. Icelandic: Boberg.

G252.2. G252.2. Goat‘s tongue pierced with sharp needle; consequently, witch is sick with pierced tongue. India: Thompson-Balys.

G252.3. G252.3. Bird’s neck broken: rakshasa dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

G253. G253. Witch‘s horns discovered by lousing her. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 315 No. 128, 329 No. 53.

G254. G254. Witch known by inability to rise from chair with four-leaf clover under it. *Fb ”heks“ I 581b.

G254.1. G254.1. Witch cannot rise if ring lies under her chair. *Fb ”ring.“

G254.2. G254.2. Witch known by inability to rise from chair with salt under cushion. (Cf. G271.3.) U.S.: Baughman.

G255. G255. Witch known by hose unbound on one leg. Fb ”hosebеnd“ I 650.

G257. G257. Charms to cause witch to reveal herself. (Cf. G271.)

G257.1. G257.1. Burning object forces witch to reveal herself: sympathetic magic. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G257.2. G257.2. Reading Bible backwards causes witch to reveal herself. (Cf. D1985.2.) England: Baughman.

G257.3. G257.3. Turning table, cutting notches in it causes witch to reveal herself. U.S.: Baughman.

G257.4. G257.4. Taking tile from witch’s house forces her to reveal herself. England: Baughman.

G257.5. G257.5. Person puts man‘s breeches over cow’s head; the cow stops in front of witch‘s house. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

G257.6. G257.6. Person places three notched elder twigs under bowl. Witch is forced to remove them, thus revealing herself. England: Baughman.

G259. G259. Witch recognition--miscellaneous methods. England: *Baughman.

G259.1. G259.1. Witch recognized by looking in or through magic object. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G259.2. G259.2. Witch recognized by odor. (Cf. G303.4.8.1, G303.6.3.4.) England: Baughman.

G259.3. G259.3. Witch may be recognized by absence of bleeding when she is pricked with pins. England: Baughman.

G259.4. G259.4. Witch may be recognized after death by great weight of corpse. (Cf. E400.) U.S.: Baughman.

G259.5. G259.5. Witch stretches out her hand and brings water from ocean without getting out of her bed; is recognized. India: Thompson-Balys.

G260. G260. Evil deeds of witches. *Kittredge Witchcraft passim; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3665; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 160--171 passim.

G261. G261. Witch steals children. *Type 710; *Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 121 n. 3; Krappe Balor 87ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 233.

G261.1. G261.1. Witch steals child with hand through chimney. (Cf. G369.5.) Kittredge Arthur and Gorlagon (Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature VIII) 222ff.

G262. G262. Murderous witch. Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman.

G262.0.1. G262.0.1. Lamia. Witch who eats children. *Kittredge Witchcraft 224f, 532 nn. 104--108; India: Thompson-Balys, Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 588, II 407, 676; Papua: Ker 45, 64, 121, 141; Africa (Fang): Trilles 249, (Wachaga): Gutman 92.

G262.0.1.1. G262.0.1.1. Lamia devours her lover. Kittredge Witchcraft 225, 532 n. 114.

G262.1. G262.1. Witch sucks blood. Striges. *Kittredge Witchcraft 224f., 531f. nn. 103--114; England: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

G262.1.1. G262.1.1. Witch’s cat as sucker of blood. Kittredge Witchcraft 178 n. 36.

G262.1.2. G262.1.2. Witch sucks blood from woman‘s or child’s breasts. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G262.1.3. G262.1.3. Witches suck blood from the navel of a child without anyone knowing it. India: Thompson-Balys.

G262.2. G262.2. Witch eats person‘s entrails (heart). *Kittredge Witchcraft 225, 532 n. 113; India: Thompson-Balys.

G262.3. G262.3. Witch in animal form kills.

G262.3.1. G262.3.1. Witch in form of she-goat kills men. India: Thompson-Balys.

G262.3.2. G262.3.2. Witch as cat causes death. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G262.4. G262.4. Witch kills with aid of witch-ball (hair rolled in beeswax). The ball is sometimes found in the mouth of dead victims. U.S.: Baughman.

G262.5. G262.5. Witch takes out man’s liver. India: Thompson-Balys.

G263. G263. Witch injures, enchants or transforms. *Types 303, 442; BP I 528ff., III 9; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3654f., 3672ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7, II No. 7; West Indies: Flowers 445.

G263.0.1. G263.0.1. Witch (female demon) has persons she has enchanted as servants. India: Thompson-Balys.

G263.1. G263.1. Witch transforms person to animal. (Cf. D100.) German: Grimm Nos. 11, 49, 69, 123, 141, 197; India: Thompson-Balys.

G263.1.0.1. G263.1.0.1. Witch transforms her lovers into animals. Circe. *Krappe Balor 44ff.; *Anderson Hessische Blдtter fьr Volkskunde XXVIII 212 n. 2; Gaster Oldest Stories 47.

G263.1.1. G263.1.1. Witch transforms man to bear. Icelandic: Boberg.

G263.1.2. G263.1.2. Witch transforms person to seal. Ireland: Baughman.

G263.1.3. G263.1.3. Witch transforms man to cow. India: Thompson-Balys.

G263.1.4. G263.1.4. Witch transforms husband into dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

G263.1.5. G263.1.5. Witch transforms man to bird.

G263.1.5.1. G263.1.5.1. Witch transforms man to crow. India: Thompson-Balys.

G263.1.5.2. G263.1.5.2. Witch transforms man to dove. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 344.

G263.2. G263.2. Witch transforms man to object. (Cf. D200.)

G263.2.1. G263.2.1. Witch transforms to stone. German: Grimm No. 60, 85; India: Thompson-Balys.

G263.2.1.1. G263.2.1.1. Witch transforms man into soapstone. U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

G263.2.2. G263.2.2. Witch transforms man to tree. German: Grimm No. 123.

G263.3. G263.3. Witch causes other transformation.

G263.3.1. G263.3.1. Witch transforms townspeople into witches. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G263.3.2. G263.3.2. Witch transforms girl into man. U.S.: Baughman.

G263.4. G263.4. Witch causes sickness. (Cf. D2064.) Icelandic: *Boberg; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 344.

G263.4.0.1. G263.4.0.1. Illness caused by curse of witch. England: Baughman.

G263.4.1. G263.4.1. Witch causes toothache. England: *Baughman.

G263.4.2. G263.4.2. Witch causes fits. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G263.4.3. G263.4.3. Witch cripples or lames through illness. (Cf. G269.11.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G263.4.4. G263.4.4. Witch makes person dumb. England: Baughman.

G263.4.5. G263.4.5. Witch makes person blind. German: Grimm No. 135.

G263.5. G263.5. Witch revives dead. (Cf. E0.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

G263.6. G263.6. Witchcraft causes maiden to hate lover. Irish myth: Cross.

G263.7. G263.7. Witch causes insanity. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G263.8. G263.8. Witch makes person lousy. England: Baughman.

G264. G264. La Belle Dame Sans Merci. Witch entices men with offers of love and then deserts or destroys them. Hartland Science 71; Huet Contes Populaires 47; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 172; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 259; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 243ff., 254ff., 275ff.; Korean: Zong in-Sob 74, 100; Marquesas: Handy 48; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 94 No. 26, (Seneca): CurtinHewitt RBAE XXXII 402 No. 71, 425 No. 79, 485 No. 105, (Fox): Owen PFLS LI 87, (Yurok): Powers CNAE III 59, (Anvik): Chapman PAES VI 67 No. 11; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 251.

G264.0.1. G264.0.1. Ogress bathes in pool, is transformed into beautiful maiden, and becomes king‘s favorite wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

G264.1. G264.1. Woman is death of all who behold her. Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 267.

G264.2. G264.2. Witch’s kisses disfigure person. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G264.3. G264.3. Female ogre seduces men with charm (words). India: Thompson-Balys.

G264.3.1. G264.3.1. Witch disguised becomes queen, devours king‘s horses nightly. India: Thompson-Balys.

G264.4. G264.4. Fairy-like witch marries man and causes him misfortune. Irish myth: *Cross.

G265. G265. Witch abuses property.

G265.1. G265.1. Witch scatters tools at night. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 263.

G265.2. G265.2. Witch drowns foal. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 251.

G265.3. G265.3. Witch rides horse at night. Howie 174ff.; *Kittredge Witchcraft 219, 527 n. 66; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 650, 667; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3657, 3683f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

G265.3.1. G265.3.1. Witch’s hair on horse becomes iron. *Fb ”hеr“ I 771b.

G265.4. G265.4. Witches cause disease or death of animals. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 302.

G265.4.0.1. G265.4.0.1. Witch punishes owner for injury or slight by killing his animals. (Cf. G269.10.) England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.4.1. G265.4.1. Witch causes death of animals. England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.4.2. G265.4.2. Witch causes illness of animals. (Cf. D2066) England, Scotland, U.S., Canada: *Baughman.

G265.5. G265.5. Witch maims animals. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.6. G265.6. Witch causes animals to behave unnaturally.

G265.6.1. G265.6.1. Witch causes pigs to behave unnaturally. U.S.: Baughman.

G265.6.1.1. G265.6.1.1. Witch causes pigs to dance. England: Baughman.

G265.6.2. G265.6.2. Witch causes cattle to behave unnaturally. U.S.: Baughman.

G265.6.2.1. G265.6.2.1. Witch causes cattle to run about wildly. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.6.3. G265.6.3. Witch causes horse to behave unnaturally. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.6.4. G265.6.4. Witch causes dog to behave unnaturally. U.S.: Baughman.

G265.6.4.1. G265.6.4.1. Witch causes dog to dance on hind legs. U.S.: Baughman.

G265.7. G265.7. Witch controls actions of animals. (Cf. D2072.0.2, D2083.2.) England, Scotland, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.8. G265.8. Witch bewitches objects. (Cf. D2072, D2081, D2087.1, D2071.0.2.)

G265.8.1. G265.8.1. Witch bewitches household articles. (Cf. D2083.3, D2083.4., D2084.1, D2084.2.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.8.2. G265.8.2. Witch bewitches clothing. U.S.: Baughman.

G265.8.3. G265.8.3. Witch bewitches implements and machinery. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.8.3.1. G265.8.3.1. Witch bewitches gun.

G265.8.3.1.1. G265.8.3.1.1. Gun bewitched so that it will not hit target. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.8.3.1.2. G265.8.3.1.2. Witch throws bullets back at shooter. (Cf. F473.6.5, G229.4.2.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.8.3.2. G265.8.3.2. Witch bewitches wagon. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.8.4. G265.8.4. Object bewitched--miscellaneous.

G265.8.4.1. G265.8.4.1. Witch causes hangman‘s rope to dance so that it cannot be tied to hang her. U.S.: Baughman.

G265.8.4.2. G265.8.4.2. Witch bewitches goose eggs so that they do not hatch. U.S.: Baughman.

G265.8.5. G265.8.5. Witch bewitches buildings. U.S.: *Baughman.

G265.9. G265.9. Witches ruin crop. (Cf. G283.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 667; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 302.

G265.9.1. G265.9.1. Witch kills balsam plant after owner refuses to give some to the witch. England: Baughman.

G265.10. G265.10. Witches bewitch trees.

G265.10.1. G265.10.1. Witches shake fruit off trees to punish owner. U.S.: Baughman.

G266. G266. Witches steal. (Cf. D2087, K300.)

G266.1. G266.1. Invisible witches steal goods in market. (Cf. F235.4.1.) England: Baughman.

G267. G267. Man pursued by witches. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 342, 344.

G269. G269. Evil deeds of witches--miscellaneous.

G269.1. G269.1. Witch begs man to scratch her back: kills him. (Cf. G262.) Fb ”kjжlling“ II 146b.

G269.1.1. G269.1.1. Witch pretends sickness and kicks helper into pit. India: Thompson-Balys.

G269.2. G269.2. Witch asks for snuff so that she may seize man. He offers it to her on point of spear and escapes. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 229, 243, 245, 261.

G269.3. G269.3. Witch harnesses man and leads him to dance. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 315 No. 124.

G269.3.1. G269.3.1. Witch rides man to dance. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 650.

G269.4. G269.4. Curse by disappointed witch. Type 410; England, Scotland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 643f.; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 303.

G269.4.1. G269.4.1. Curse by other angry ogres or ogresses. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G269.5. G269.5. Witch causes haunted houses. Kittredge Witchcraft 214, 521, 523, nn. 1--6, 18.

G269.6. G269.6. Witch eats up visitor’s bow. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G269.7. G269.7. Witch estranges brothers. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 111.

G269.8. G269.8. Ship wrecked by witch. (Cf. F420.5.2.7.3.) Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 152; India: Thompson-Balys.

G269.9. G269.9. Witch cuts steaks from hero‘s body. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G269.10. G269.10. Witch punishes person who incurs her ill will. (Cf. G265.4.) England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

G269.10.1. G269.10.1. Witch kills person as punishment. (Cf. D2060ff.) England, Scotland: *Baughman.

G269.11. G269.11. Witch causes deformity. (Cf. G263.4.3.)

G269.11.1. G269.11.1. Witch causes person to become hunchbacked. England: Baughman.

G269.11.2. G269.11.2. Witch causes person’s arm to wither. U.S.: Baughman.

G269.12. G269.12. Witch causes person to break limbs. England: Baughman.

G269.12.1. G269.12.1. Witch breaks bridegroom‘s leg when slighted by bride. England: Baughman.

G269.13. G269.13. Witch causes person to fall from height. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G269.14. G269.14. Witch causes person to be burned. England: Baughman.

G269.15. G269.15. Witch scratches person. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G269.16. G269.16. Witch causes gun to explode, injuring person. England: Baughman.

G269.17. G269.17. Invisible witch sticks victim with pins. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G269.18. G269.18. Witch pushes man around on floor (witch is invisible). U.S.: Baughman.

G269.19. G269.19. Witches as ducks pinch victim. U.S.: Baughman.

G269.20. G269.20. Witch prevents woman from putting one foot on floor. U.S.: Baughman.

G269.21. G269.21. Witch torments person by making him act in ridiculous manner.

G269.21.1. G269.21.1. Witch causes person to break wind in presence of others. U.S.: *Baughman.

G269.21.2. G269.21.2. Witch causes person to mew like cat and neigh like horse. England: Baughman.

G269.21.3. G269.21.3. Witch causes man to strip naked and imitate a jockey riding himself. England: Baughman.

G269.22. G269.22. Witch makes girl believe her lover has ass’s head. England: Baughman.

G269.23. G269.23. Witch causes lovers on stile to think they are surrounded by water. England: Baughman.

G269.24. G269.24. Witch makes man believe a dead bull is alive and chasing him. U.S.: Baughman.

G269.25. G269.25. Witch causes person to spin around on bedpost. U.S.: Baughman.

G269.26. G269.26. Witch stands person on her head. U.S.: Baughman.

G270. G270. Witch overcome or escaped.

G271. G271. Witch exorcised.

G271.1. G271.1. Witch exorcised by burning stick. Fb ”kjжp“ II 151a.

G271.2. G271.2. Witch exorcised by use of religious ceremony, object, or charm. (Cf. D2176.3.2.)

G271.2.1. G271.2.1. Sign of the cross marked on bewitched object breaks witch spell. (Cf. G273.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

G271.2.1.1. G271.2.1.1. Cross marked on horn and forehead of cow causes bewitched cow to give normal amount of milk. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.2.2. G271.2.2. Witch exorcised by holy water. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G271.2.3. G271.2.3. Name of deity breaks witch’s spell. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.2.4. G271.2.4. Priestly exorcism for witch. England: Baughman.

G271.2.5. G271.2.5. Bible used in exorcism of witch. England: *Baughman.

G271.2.6. G271.2.6. Dust from communion table breaks spell. England: Baughman.

G271.3. G271.3. Use of salt in exorcism of witch. (Cf. G254.2, G272.16.) England: *Baughman.

G271.4. G271.4. Exorcism by use of sympathetic magic. (Cf. D1782, D2063.1.1.)

G271.4.1. G271.4.1. Exorcism by burning object for sympathetic magic. (Cf. G257.1) Canada, England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

G271.4.2. G271.4.2. Exorcism by injuring image of witch. Canada. U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.4.3. G271.4.3. Breaking spell by destroying image of victim used by the witch in torturing the victim. U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.4.4. G271.4.4. Breaking spell on animal by bleeding or maiming animal. Witch suffers same loss or injury. U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.4.5. G271.4.5. Breaking spell by beating the person or object bewitched. This injures the witch. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.4.6. G271.4.6. Breaking spell by sticking sharp object into tracks of witch. This pains or paralyzes her. England, Wales: *Baughman.

G271.4.7. G271.4.7. Breaking spell by burying bottle of water, preventing witch from urinating until the bottle is emptied. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.4.8. G271.4.8. Breaking spell by shooting bewitched object. U.S.: Baughman.

G271.4.9. G271.4.9. Breaking spell on animal by pulling three hairs from tail. U.S.: Baughman.

G271.4.10. G271.4.10. Breaking spell by burying animal alive. England: Baughman.

G271.4.11. G271.4.11. Breaking spell on cream by holding churn handle hard against bottom of churn. This paralyzes the witch. (Cf. D2084.2.) England: Baughman.

G271.5. G271.5. Exorcism by violent treatment of the witch in person. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

G271.6. G271.6. Exorcism of witch by countercharm. England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G271.7. G271.7. Exorcism of witch by special burial practice. England: *Baughman.

G271.8. G271.8. Exorcism by means of ghoulish charm. (Cf. D1278.) See Kittredge Witchcraft 141--51; England: Baughman.

G271.9. G271.9. Sick child from witchcraft is put on anvil; smith strikes violently but brings hammer down gently, three times. England: Baughman.

G271.10. G271.10. Person removes string with thirteen knots from child‘s mouth. U.S.: Baughman.

G272. G272. Protection against witches.

G272.1. G272.1. Steel powerful against witches. Fb ”stеl“ III 647a; England, U.S.: Baughman.

G272.2. G272.2. Magic herb protects from witch. *Penzer VIII 56 n. 2; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 667; West Indies: Flowers 446.

G272.2.1. G272.2.1. Rowan wood (quicken, etc.) protects against witches. Canada, England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G272.2.2. G272.2.2. Witchhazel used for protection against witches. England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G272.2.3. G272.2.3. Hawthorn used as protection against witches. England: Baughman.

G272.2.4. G272.2.4. Bay leaves used as protection against witches. U.S.: Baughman.

G272.3. G272.3. Knife in bed as protection against witches. *Fb ”heks“ I 581a; England: Baughman.

G272.4. G272.4. Fires burnt in streets to ward off witches. Fb. ”heks“ I 581a.

G272.5. G272.5. Protection from witch by spitting. Fb ”heks“ I 581b; England, Ireland: Baughman.

G272.6. G272.6. Sieve as protection against witches. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 650.

G272.7. G272.7. Object across door protects from witch. England, U.S.: *Baughman (G256.)

G272.7.1. G272.7.1. Beam across door protects from witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 645.

G272.7.2. G272.7.2. Broom across door protects from witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 653.

G272.8. G272.8. Pouring water on fire from new cup protects from witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 653.

G272.9. G272.9. Reversing the poker protects from witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 653.

G272.10. G272.10. Stopped bottle as protection against witches. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 647.

G272.11. G272.11. Horseshoe hung up as protection against witches. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 650.

G272.12. G272.12. Straws as protection against witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 650.

G272.13. G272.13. Stone with a hole through it protects against witches. (Hagstone) England: *Baughman.

G272.14. G272.14. Witch kept under control by means of a magic iron nail driven in her head. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 651.

G272.15. G272.15. Witch controlled by means of magic spells. India: Thompson-Balys.

G272.16. G272.16. Salt protects against witches. (Cf. G271.3, G254.2.)

G272.16.1. G272.16.1. Salt put into churn before churning to protect cream from witch. (Cf. D2084.2.) England: *Baughman.

G272.17. G272.17. Burning thatch from home of witch protects against witch. England: *Baughman.

G272.18. G272.18. Grass from new grave protects against witches. England: Baughman.

G273. G273. Witch rendered powerless.

G273.1. G273.1. Witch powerless when one makes sign of cross. (Cf. G271.2.1.) Fb ”heks“ I 581b; England, Ireland, Wales: Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 33; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 116; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 82, 87.

G273.1.1. G273.1.1. Witch powerless from lightbeam sent by saint. Icelandic: Boberg.

G273.2. G273.2. Witch powerless when person speaks before she does. Fb ”heks“ I 581a.

G273.3. G273.3. Witch powerless at cockcrow. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 261, 307; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 83 No. 686.

G273.4. G273.4. Witch powerless to cross stream. *Fb ”vand“ III 1001a; England: Baughman.

G273.4.1. G273.4.1. If witch grabs horse‘s tail on bridge, man is safe from her. Fb ”bro“ IV 62b. Cf. Burns’s ”Tam O‘Shanter.“

G273.5. G273.5. Witches powerless at crossroads. Fb ”korsvej“ II 277.

G273.5.1. G273.5.1. Witch burned by furrows drawn round her home. Icelandic: Boberg.

G273.6. G273.6. Witch rendered powerless by drawing blood from her. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G273.7. G273.7. Objects driven into tracks of witch immobilize her. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G273.7.1. G273.7.1. Straw driven into witch‘s track immobilizes her. England: Baughman.

G273.7.2. G273.7.2. Steel driven into witch’s track immobilizes her. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G274. G274. Witch snared.

G274.1. G274.1. Witch snared by setting out milk. Witches attracted by milk. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 267 No. 74.

G275. G275. Witch defeated. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 68.

G275.1. G275.1. Witch carried off by devil. *Kittredge Witchcraft 43, *397f. nn. 164--167; England, Wales: Baughman.

G275.1.1. G275.1.1. Witch carried off by devil‘s crew. Irish myth: Cross.

G275.2. G275.2. Witch overcome by helpful dogs of hero. Type 303; Irish myth: Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 231, 237, 239.

G275.3. G275.3. Witch burned. *Fb ”ild“ II 12b, ”brжnde“ IV 69a; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3664; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 161; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

G275.3.0.1. G275.3.0.1. Witch can be destroyed only by burning her to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

G275.3.1. G275.3.1. Witch burned by burning bewitched animal. *Kittredge Witchcraft 95ff., 426ff. nn. 155--172.

G275.3.2. G275.3.2. Witch’s heart (lungs, stomach) impossible to burn. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

G275.4. G275.4. Seven-headed witch defeated by throwing egg at each head. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 268 Nos. 79, 80.

G275.4.1. G275.4.1. Witch killed, as egg with her soul is crushed against her forehead. Icelandic: Boberg.

G275.5. G275.5. Witch forced to divulge her secret powers. Africa (Bondei): Woodward FL XXXVI 367ff. No. 12.

G275.5.1. G275.5.1. Witch bribed to divulge her secret powers. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 101ff. No. 11.

G275.6. G275.6. Witch surrendered by sons. Irish myth: Cross.

G275.7. G275.7. Witch bound and beaten. Irish myth: Cross.

G275.7.1. G275.7.1. Witch beheaded. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G275.8. G275.8. Hero kills witch. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G275.8.1. G275.8.1. Witch killed by placing salt or pepper inside skin while it is laid aside. (Cf. G229.1.1.) South Carolina Negro: Parsons MAFLS XVI 63.

G275.8.2. G275.8.2. Witch overcome by help of fairy. (Cf. N815.) French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G275.9. G275.9. Fighting and wrestling with witch. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G275.10. G275.10. Witch as participater in battle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G275.11. G275.11. Witches punished in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

G275.12. G275.12. Witch in the form of an animal is injured or killed as a result of the injury to the animal. (Cf. G252, G275.14.) Canada, England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

G275.13. G275.13. Rough treatment of object causes injury or death to witch. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G275.14. G275.14. Witch out of body while traveling at night is injured; witch‘s body is injured at home. (Cf. G275.12.) U.S.: *Baughman.

G275.15. G275.15. Witch overcome by threats. India: Thompson-Balys.

G275.15.1. G275.15.1. Witch overcome by threatening with sword. India: Thompson-Balys.

G276. G276. Escape from witch. Japanese: Ikeda.

G276.1. G276.1. Hen put in witch’s hair to scratch while maid escapes. Fb ”hцne“ I 750b, ”klш“ II 202b, ”kylling“ II 347.

G277. G277. Testing of witches. **Hertz Aus Dichtung und Saga 198ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3664.

G278. G278. Death of witch.

G278.1. G278.1. Marvelous manifestations at death of witch. North Carolina: Brown Collection 386.

G279. G279. Witch overcome or escaped--miscellaneous.

G279.1. G279.1. Overpowered witch-maid commits suicide. India: Thompson-Balys.

G279.2. G279.2. Theft from witch.

G279.2.1. G279.2.1. Gold stolen from witch. India: Thompson-Balys.

G280. G280. Witches--miscellaneous motifs.

G281. G281. Consecrated wafer kept in mouth in order to be a witch. Kittredge Witchcraft 149, 469 n. 105; England, U.S.: Baughman.

G281.1. G281.1. Witch gives away consecrated wafer after service. (Cf. H1292.4.1.) England: *Baughman.

G282. G282. Witches punish lazy spinning women. *Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 6.

G283. G283. Witches have control over weather. *Kittredge Witchcraft 152ff., 472ff. nn. 1ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 14, 307 No. 28.

G283.1. G283.1. Witch raises winds.

G283.1.1. G283.1.1. Methods witch uses to raise wind. (Cf. D2142.0.1.2, D2142.1.5.)

G283.1.2. G283.1.2. Reason why witch raises wind.

G283.1.2.1. G283.1.2.1. Witch raises contrary wind to keep ship in port. Ireland, U.S.: Baughman.

G283.1.2.2. G283.1.2.2. Witch raises wind to aid becalmed boat. Scotland: Baughman.

G283.1.2.3. G283.1.2.3. Witch raises wind to sink ships of people who have injured her. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G283.1.2.4. G283.1.2.4. Witch raises wind to winnow grain. U.S.: Baughman.

G283.1.2.5. G283.1.2.5. Witch raises wind to blow man‘s fleeces away. U.S.: Baughman.

G283.1.2.6. G283.1.2.6. Witch raises wind to break up enemy’s lumber pound. England: Baughman.

G283.1.3. G283.1.3. Witch sells power to control winds. (Cf. D2142.0.1.1, D1541.1.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G283.2. G283.2. Witch keeps winds from blowing. (Cf. D2142.1.)

G283.2.1. G283.2.1. Witch keeps wind from blowing by putting cat under barrel. (Cf. D2142.1.5.) U.S.: Baughman.

G283.3. G283.3. Witch produces rain or snow. (Cf. D2143.)

G283.4. G283.4. Witch produces clear weather. U.S.: Baughman.

G284. G284. Witch as helper. Fb ”heks“ I 582; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 76, 136, 140, 141, 178; Hindu: Tawney II 608; West Indies: Flowers 447.

G285. G285. Witches avoid religious ceremonies. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 165.

G285.1. G285.1. At communion witches spit out wine over shoulder. Fb ”heks“ I 580.

G286. G286. Initiation into witchcraft. Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn IV (1901) 144ff., (1936) 230ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G286.1. G286.1. Women learn witchcraft by masking as men. Hence women are witches. India: Thompson-Balys.

G287. G287. Witches married to fairies. India: Thompson-Balys.

G288. G288. Witch escapes from locked room. India: Thompson-Balys.

G291. G291. Witch executed for engaging in witchcraft. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G292. G292. Witch makes man engage in dangerous contests. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): *Benedict 345.

G299. G299. Other witch motifs.

G299.1. G299.1. Witch calls up spirits of dead, causes them to walk on water. (Cf. E380.) U.S.: Baughman.

G299.2. G299.2. Witch is heard struggling with devil. (Cf. G303.6.2.2.) England: Baughman.

G300--G399.

G300--G399. Other ogres.

G300. G300. Other ogres.

G301. G301. Monsters. Usually not clearly defined. See this entire chapter on ogres. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

G302. G302. Demons. Malevolent creatures (not usually further defined). Irish: Plummer cliii, *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 36; Jewish: *Neuman; Babylonian: Spence 276f.; Hindu: Penzer I 205, Tawney II 232 n.; Chinese: Graham, Werner 432b s.v. ”Demons“; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 82; S. A. Indian (Chaco): Alexander Lat. Am. 323.

G302.1. G302.1. Origin of demons and their companions. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.1.1. G302.1.1. Demons: soul of the giants who perished in the flood. (Cf. A1010.) Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.1.2. G302.1.2. Evil spirits born of echo in chaos. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.2. G302.2. Varieties of demons. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.2.1. G302.2.1. Kingdom of demons. (Cf. G303.) Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.2.2. G302.2.2. Devil King. Chinese: Graham.

G302.3. G302.3. Form of demon.

G302.3.0.1. G302.3.0.1. Demon’s size changed at will. (Cf. D631.7.) Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.3.1. G302.3.1. Demon as fiery pillar. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.3.2. G302.3.2. Demon in animal form. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.3.3. G302.3.3. Demon in form of old woman. (Cf. C745, D651, G1263.0.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

G302.4. G302.4. Physical characteristics of demons.

G302.4.1. G302.4.1. Six characteristics of demons: three like angels, three like men. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.4.2. G302.4.2. Invisibility of demons. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.4.3. G302.4.3. Demons have only souls but no bodies. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.4.4. G302.4.4. Demons cast no shadow. (Cf. F1038, G369.3.) Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.4.5. G302.4.5. Feet of demons. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.4.5.1. G302.4.5.1. Demons have cock-feet. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.5. G302.5. Haunts of demons.

G302.5.1. G302.5.1. Desert the abode of demons. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.5.2. G302.5.2. Egypt as abode of demons. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.5.3. G302.5.3. Demons present at discussion in academies. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.6. G302.6. Circumstances of demons‘ appearance.

G302.6.1. G302.6.1. Demons appear only at stated times. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.7. G302.7. Mortal experiences of demons.

G302.7.1. G302.7.1. Sexual relation between man and demons. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.7.2. G302.7.2. Demons marry among themselves. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.8. G302.8. Demon’s helpers. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.9. G302.9. Deeds of demons.

G302.9.1. G302.9.1. Demons attack men. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.9.2. G302.9.2. Demons abduct men and torment them. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.9.3. G302.9.3. Demons tempt men. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.9.4. G302.9.4. Demons injure and strangle little children. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.9.5. G302.9.5. Demons help Satan. (Cf. G303.10.) Jewish: Neuman.

G302.9.6. G302.9.6. Demons fool men in their dreams. (Cf. G303.11.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

G302.9.7. G302.9.7. Enormous quantities of food eaten by demons. Jewish: Neuman.

G302.9.8. G302.9.8. Demons teach men idolatry. Jewish: *Neuman.

G302.9.9. G302.9.9. Demons goad man to treachery. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303. G303. Devil. (The Devil, Satan, The Bad Man, Old Nick, etc.)1 Not clearly differentiated, especially in German tradition, from the stupid ogre. (See also F531 (Giant), G100--199 and G500--699.)--**Wьnsche Teufel; **A Graf The Story of the Devil (tr. E. N. Stone) (London, 1931); **M. J. Rudwin The Devil in Legend and Literature (Chicago 1931); P. Carus History of the Devil (Chicago, 1900); **Toldo II 329ff.; **O. A. Erich Die Darstellung des Teufels in der christlichen Kunst (Berlin, 1931); *De Vooys Middelnederlandse Legenden en Exempelen 159ff.; S. Freud Die Teufelsneurose im 17. Jahrhundert (Wien, 1928).--Irish myth: Cross; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 687; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: **P. Danielsson Djдvulgestalten i Finlands svenska Folktro (Bidrag till kдnnedom af Finlands natur och folk LXXXIV pt. 2, [Helsingfors, 1932] 157); Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 135--152; Jewish: *Neuman.

Motif: Supplementary Bibliography for G303

SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR G303

Campbell, J. G. Superstitions of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Glasgow, 1900.

Hunt, R. Popular Romances of the West of England. London, 1903.

Danielsson, P. Djдvulgestalten i Finlands Svenska Folktro. Helsingfors, 1930.

G303.1. G303.1. The origin of the devil and his companions. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.1.1. G303.1.1. The devil originates from God. Dh I 12; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.1.1.1. G303.1.1.1. God creates the devil (Satan) from his own shadow. Dh I 44.

G303.1.1.2. G303.1.1.2. Devil originates from God‘s spittle. Dh I 61ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3001, Legends Nos. 1, 3, 8.

G303.1.1.2.1. G303.1.1.2.1. The devil originates from the spittle of an evil man. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.1.1.3. G303.1.1.3. God changes an angel into the devil, because he tried to imitate God in creating the world. Dh I 139.

G303.1.1.4. G303.1.1.4. God creates the devil by striking a stone with his whip. Dh I 33.

G303.1.2. G303.1.2. God discovers the devil.

G303.1.2.1. G303.1.2.1. God finds the devil sitting under a tree which was made by his throwing his staff into the water. Dh I 35.

G303.1.2.2. G303.1.2.2. God finds the devil under a stone. Dh I 31.

G303.1.2.3. G303.1.2.3. God discovers the devil in a piece of solid foam. Dh I 43.

G303.1.3. G303.1.3. The devil is created without the special aid of God.

G303.1.3.1. G303.1.3.1. The devil is developed from man. Dh I 4f.; West Indies: Flowers 447.

G303.1.3.2. G303.1.3.2. The devil is created out of a bubble. Dh I 19, 66f.

G303.1.3.3. G303.1.3.3. The devil is created out of sea-foam. Dh I 19.

G303.1.3.4. G303.1.3.4. Pagan gods became devils. *Loomis White Magic 75.

G303.1.3.5. G303.1.3.5. Satan created out of hell fire. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.1.4. G303.1.4. The devil creates other devils. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3001.

G303.1.4.1. G303.1.4.1. The devil creates devils by casting water behind himself.

G303.1.4.2. G303.1.4.2. Devils are created from sparks produced by Satan’s striking two stones together. Dh I 60ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3001, Legends Nos. 1, 3.

G303.1.5. G303.1.5. Five devils created by Adam create other devils in the same manner. Adam has created five devils by wetting five fingers with dew and shaking them behind him; God had commanded him to wet one finger. (Cf. G303.1.4.1.) Dh I 49.

G303.1.6. G303.1.6. Devils are created from sinful priests. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.1.7. G303.1.7. Tuatha De Danann as demons (fallen angels). Irish myth: Cross.

G303.1.8. G303.1.8. Two devils (male and female) extracted from corpse‘s belly. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.2. G303.2. Names applied to the devil. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.2.1. G303.2.1. Devil calls himself ”Puss“. Fb I 266b.

G303.2.2. G303.2.2. Devil is called ”the black one“. Fb I 267b; Wьnsche Teufel 51f.

G303.2.3. G303.2.3. Devil says his name is ”Millearces“ (thousand ways to lead men to sin). Scala Celi 165b No. 932.

G303.2.4. G303.2.4. Gaelic titles given to the devil: the worthless one; the one whom I will not mention; yon one; the one big one; the one from the abyss; the mean mischievous one; the big sorrow; the son of cursing; the big grizzled one; the bad one; the bad spirit; Black Donald. J. G. Campbell Superstitions of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland (Glasgow, 1900) 291.

G303.3. G303.3. Forms in which the devil appears. *Toldo II 330ff.

G303.3.0.1. G303.3.0.1. Devil in hideous form. (Cf. G303.3.1.4.) Irish myth: *Cross India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.1. G303.3.1. The devil in human form. *Loomis White Magic 74; Danielsson Vol. II; Scala Celi 42b, 45a Nos. 243, 255; Irish: *Cross; Beal XXI 307, 313, 315, 330; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos 70, 83, 91--93, 155, 200, 218; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 617.

G303.3.1.0.1. G303.3.1.0.1. Devils in guise of human beings require remarkable quantity of food. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.1.1. G303.3.1.1. The devil as a large, strong man. Henne-Am Rhyn Deutsche Volkssage (1874) 278.

G303.3.1.2. G303.3.1.2. The devil as a well-dressed gentleman. Wьnsche Teufel 37f., 54, 59f.; Irish myth: Cross; Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 293; U.S.: Baughman; Georgia Negro: Harris Remus 32; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 8 No. 66; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 347ff., 353, 357, 361, 363f., 367ff., 402, 413, 415, 425ff., 430f., 433ff., 437ff., 441--47, 449ff., 454, 456ff., 461, 464, 466, 655ff., 684f., 737, 764, 766, 772, 776, 786f., 803, 805, 808, 844; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.1.3. G303.3.1.3. The devil as a distinguished-looking knight. Wьnsche Teufel 61f.

G303.3.1.3.1. G303.3.1.3.1. Devil as a ribald traveler. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.1.4. G303.3.1.4. Devil appears in the form of a man who is repugnantly ugly. (Cf. G303.3.0.1.) Wessman 8 No. 66, Wьnsche Teufel 103f.; Irish: Cross, O’Suilleabhain 35, Beal XXI 312; England: Baughman.

G303.3.1.5. G303.3.1.5. The devil as a little, gray old man. Wessman 12 No. 99; Wьnsche Teufel 52f.; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 440, 448, 458.

G303.3.1.6. G303.3.1.6. The devil as a black man. Wьnsche Teufel 30f., 106f., Fb I 266b; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 35f., Beal XXI 313.

G303.3.1.7. G303.3.1.7. Devil as a huntsman. Wьnsche Teufel 33f., 49f.; Hunt Popular Romances of West of England (London, 1903) 222; Nouvelles de Sens No. 5.

G303.3.1.8. G303.3.1.8. Devil in form of priest. Scala Celi 45a, 45b Nos. 254, 257; Crane Vitry 246 No. 263; *Loomis White Magic 74; England: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3330, Legends Nos. 419--422, 424.

G303.3.1.8.1. G303.3.1.8.1. Devil as a hermit. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.1.8.2. G303.3.1.8.2. Devil as ascetic. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 617.

G303.3.1.9. G303.3.1.9. Devil in form of pilgrim. Scala Celi 153a No. 844; Alphabet No. 620.

G303.3.1.10. G303.3.1.10. Devil as a peasant. England: Hunt Popular Romances 232; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 543.

G303.3.1.11. G303.3.1.11. Devil as three gentlemen. They come for a dying man. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 295.

G303.3.1.12. G303.3.1.12. Devil in form of woman. Lures man. *Loomis White Magic 75; Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 554ff., 762, 801, 834ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.1.12.1. G303.3.1.12.1. Devil in form of woman lures and punishes women. Introduces men disguised as women to seduce impious nuns. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

G303.3.1.12.2. G303.3.1.12.2. Devil as a beautiful young woman seduces man. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.1.12.3. G303.3.1.12.3. Devil appears as a beautiful black wench. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.1.12.4. G303.3.1.12.4. Devil appears as old woman to seduce monk from cloister. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.1.12.5. G303.3.1.12.5. Devil (in queen’s form) insatiable, although she copulates with all men and horses. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.1.13. G303.3.1.13. Devil as cook. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

G303.3.1.14. G303.3.1.14. Devil as student. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.3.1.15. G303.3.1.15. Devil appears as a Jew. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.1.16. G303.3.1.16. Devil appears as a child. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.1.17. G303.3.1.17. Devils appear as ladies and gentlemen. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.1.18. G303.3.1.18. Devil as shoemaker. Estonian, Livonian, Latvian, Lithuanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 105--110.

G303.3.1.19. G303.3.1.19. Devil as merchant. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.1.20. G303.3.1.20. Devil appears in shape of a dead man while hidden in his corpse or skin. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts.

G303.3.1.21. G303.3.1.21. The devil as a great hairy man. England: Baughman.

G303.3.1.22. G303.3.1.22. Devil as astrologer. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.1.23. G303.3.1.23. Satan disguised as beggar. (Cf. K1817.1.) Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.3.1.24. G303.3.1.24. Satan as very old man. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.3.1.25. G303.3.1.25. Satan disguised as king. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.2. G303.3.2. The devil in superhuman from.

G303.3.2.1. G303.3.2.1. Devil appears as Christ. Scala Celi 45a No. 256; *Loomis White Magic 74; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.2.1.1. G303.3.2.1.1. Devil as crucifix. *Loomis White Magic 75; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

G303.3.2.2. G303.3.2.2. Devil (Satan) appears as an angel. Dh I 228; *Loomis White Magic 74; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.2.3. G303.3.2.3. Devil as a dwarf. Irish myth: Cross; German: Henne-Am Rhyn 278.

G303.3.2.4. G303.3.2.4. Devil in form of dragons and monsters of various sorts. *Loomis White Magic 74.

G303.3.2.5. G303.3.2.5. Devil appears as Virgin Mary. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 41.

G303.3.3. G303.3.3. The devil in animal form. *Loomis White Magic 74; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.3.1. G303.3.3.1. Devil in form of domestic beast.

G303.3.3.1.1. G303.3.3.1.1. Devil in form of dog. Wьnsche Teufel 83f.; Fb I 189a, 266b, 676a, II 636b, 891b, IV 227a; Tobler 46; Wessman 9 No. 67; Grunwald Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXX--XXXI 317; *Loomis White Magic 74. Irish: Beal XXI 321, 327, O’Suilleabhain 54, 75; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Danielsson I 86; Spanish Exempla: Keller; South America (Colombia, Argentina, Brazil): Jijena Sanchez 90, 103, 106.

G303.3.3.1.2. G303.3.3.1.2. Devil in form of a cat. *Loomis White Magic 74; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 40, Beal XXI 315; Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 306; U.S.: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Danielsson I 99; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 454, 538ff.; French: Sйbillot France III 124; Tobler 46.

G303.3.3.1.3. G303.3.3.1.3. Devil as horse. Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 35ff.; *Loomis White Magic 74; Kittredge Witchcraft 177 n. 31; Boggs FFC XC 90 No. 762; Kцhler-Bolte II 266ff.; Fb I 266b; England, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Danielsson op. cit. I 68; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 667ff., 760, 781f.; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

G303.3.3.1.4. G303.3.3.1.4. Devil in form of cow (bull, ox). Tobler 46; Fb I 266b; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 616.

G303.3.3.1.5. G303.3.3.1.5. Devil in form of swine. Fb I 266b; Scala Celi 120b No. 659; Tobler 46; *Loomis White Magic 74; U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 558, 705.

G303.3.3.1.6. G303.3.3.1.6. Devil in form of goat. Irish myth: Cross; Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 290; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3300, Legends Nos. 529--36f., 541, 545, 550f., 554, 777ff., 832; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.3.1.7. G303.3.3.1.7. Devil in form of ram. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 537, 542ff., 546ff., 780.

G303.3.3.2. G303.3.3.2. Devil in form of wild beast.

G303.3.3.2.1. G303.3.3.2.1. Devil in form of wolf. Fb I 189; *Loomis White Magic 74; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 594ff.; French: Sйbillot France III 34, IV 118.

G303.3.3.2.2. G303.3.3.2.2. Devil in form of fox. Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 180.

G303.3.3.2.3. G303.3.3.2.3. Devil in form of hare. Fb I 266b; England, U.S.: Baughman; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 124 No. 51; Finnish: FFC XXXIII 42 No. 51.

G303.3.3.2.4. G303.3.3.2.4. Devil in form of mouse. Tobler 45; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 192, 194f.

G303.3.3.2.5. G303.3.3.2.5. Devil in form of lion. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.3.2.6. G303.3.3.2.6. Devil in form of squirrel. Tobler 46.

G303.3.3.2.7. G303.3.3.2.7. Devil in form of monkey. Scala Celi 62b No. 340; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 89.

G303.3.3.2.8. G303.3.3.2.8. Devil in form of deer. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.3.2.9. G303.3.3.2.9. Devil in form of hyena. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.3.2.10. G303.3.3.2.10. Devil in form of a terrifying elephant. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 436.

G303.3.3.3. G303.3.3.3. Devil in form of bird. *Loomis White Magic 74; Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.3.3.1. G303.3.3.3.1. Devil in form of raven. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 295; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 400ff., 405ff., 411; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 314 No. 110.

G303.3.3.3.2. G303.3.3.3.2. Devil in form of crow. Scala Celi 168a No. 954; England: Baughman.

G303.3.3.3.3. G303.3.3.3.3. Devil in form of black bird. Tobler 45.

G303.3.3.3.4. G303.3.3.3.4. Devil in form of woodcock. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 42 No. 51; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 124 No. 51.

G303.3.3.3.5. G303.3.3.3.5. Devil in form of cock. Fb IV 272b.

G303.3.3.3.6. G303.3.3.3.6. Devil in form of owl. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.3.3.4. G303.3.3.4. Devil in form of insect.

G303.3.3.4.1. G303.3.3.4.1. Devil in form of gnat. Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 45.

G303.3.3.4.2. G303.3.3.4.2. Devil in form of spider. Hangs from the clouds. Dh I 135; Scotland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman.

G303.3.3.4.3. G303.3.3.4.3. Devil in form of wasp. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.3.3.4.4. G303.3.3.4.4. Devil in form of fly. *Loomis White Magic 74; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 404.

G303.3.3.5. G303.3.3.5. Devil in form of fish.

G303.3.3.6. G303.3.3.6. Devil in form of reptile.

G303.3.3.6.1. G303.3.3.6.1. Devil in form of snake. Sneaks into the ark. *Loomis White Magic 74; Dh I 268; U.S., England: Baughman; Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.3.3.7. G303.3.3.7. Devil in form of amphibian.

G303.3.3.7.1. G303.3.3.7.1. Devil in form of toad. Fb III 888b; Kittredge Witchcraft 181 n. 72; England: *Baughman.

G303.3.3.8. G303.3.3.8. Miscellaneous other animal forms in which the devil appears: bear; ant; wild goose. Fb IV 99a; *Loomis White Magic 74; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.3.4. G303.3.4. Devil in form of inanimate objects.

G303.3.4.1. G303.3.4.1. Devil in form of wheel on wagon. Fb I 266b.

G303.3.4.2. G303.3.4.2. Devil as a black ball. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 9 No. 68.

G303.3.4.2.1. G303.3.4.2.1. Devil as a ball of fire. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 848ff.

G303.3.4.3. G303.3.4.3. Devil (Black Donald) as a bunch of ferns. Rolls down hill. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 303.

G303.3.4.4. G303.3.4.4. Devil as wind. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.3.4.4.1. G303.3.4.4.1. Devil as whirlwind. Persons met by him are killed or maimed. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 14 No. 122.

G303.3.4.5. G303.3.4.5. Devil as a barrel. Rolls and is impossible to catch. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 802.

G303.3.4.6. G303.3.4.6. Devil in shape of a stone. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

G303.3.4.7. G303.3.4.7. Devil in the form of a sheaf. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.3.4.8. G303.3.4.8. Devil in form of round bowl. Wales: Baughman.

G303.3.4.9. G303.3.4.9. Devil in form of house. Wales: Baughman.

G303.3.4.10. G303.3.4.10. Devil in form of ungainly bundle. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.3.4.11. G303.3.4.11. Devil as stream of water. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.3.5. G303.3.5. Devil changes shape. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.5.1. G303.3.5.1. Devil becomes larger and larger. Wьnsche Teufel 40; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 532, 539, 542, 556, 722, 780, 839; India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.3.5.2. G303.3.5.2. Devil becomes smaller and smaller. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 837f.

G303.3.5.3. G303.3.5.3. Devil becomes heavier and heavier. Animal taken into cart becomes so heavy that horses are unable to pull cart. If it is brought home it turns to stone or tree-stump. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3301; Legends Nos. 533, 535, 541ff., 545--53, 558.

G303.3.6. G303.3.6. Forms into which the devil cannot change.

G303.3.6.1. G303.3.6.1. Devil cannot change into pike. Fb I 440a.

G303.3.6.2. G303.3.6.2. Devil cannot change into dove. Tobler 46; England: Baughman.

G303.3.6.3. G303.3.6.3. Devil cannot change into lamb. Tobler 46; England: Baughman.

G303.3.6.3.1. G303.3.6.3.1. The devil cannot change into a sheep. Dh I 165.

G303.4. G303.4. The devil’s physical characteristics.

G303.4.1. G303.4.1. The devil‘s head.

G303.4.1.1. G303.4.1.1. Devil has ninety-nine heads. Dh I 135.

G303.4.1.2. G303.4.1.2. Devil’s eyes.

G303.4.1.2.1. G303.4.1.2.1. Devil with eye in middle of forehead. Type 756B; Fb I 189b, 266b; Andrejev FFC LXIX 62.

G303.4.1.2.2. G303.4.1.2.2. Devil with glowing eyes. Fb I 189b, 266b, U.S.: Baughman.

G303.4.1.2.3. G303.4.1.2.3. Two beams of fire shoot from devil‘s eyes. England: Hunt Popular Romances 218.

G303.4.1.2.4. G303.4.1.2.4. Devil has saucer eyes. English: Hunt 224.

G303.4.1.2.5. G303.4.1.2.5. Devil has passionate look in eyes. Wьnsche Teufel 59.

G303.4.1.2.6. G303.4.1.2.6. Devil has no eyebrows. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.4.1.2.7. G303.4.1.2.7. Devil is blind. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.4.1.3. G303.4.1.3. Devil’s beard.

G303.4.1.3.1. G303.4.1.3.1. Devil has a red beard. Dh I 239; German: Henne-Am Rhyn (1874) 278.

G303.4.1.4. G303.4.1.4. Devil‘s nose.

G303.4.1.4.1. G303.4.1.4.1. Devil has a long nose. German: Henne-Am Rhyn (1874) 277.

G303.4.1.4.2. G303.4.1.4.2. Devil has only one nostril or is without nostrils at all. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 349, 351, 395, 654f., 657f., 776, 785f., 799, 803, 814.

G303.4.1.5. G303.4.1.5. Devil’s teeth.

G303.4.1.5.1. G303.4.1.5.1. Devil has shining teeth. Girl wishes to marry man whose teeth shine. Such a man appears and they marry. When he removes his hat she finds he is the devil. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 52 No. 340a, Espinosa Jr. No. 93.

G303.4.1.5.2. G303.4.1.5.2. One of devil‘s teeth grows down to the earth; another to sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.4.1.6. G303.4.1.6. Devil has horns. Scotland: Baughman; German: Henne-Am Rhyn 278; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 70.

G303.4.1.6.1. G303.4.1.6.1. Devil has two horns. Wьnsche Teufel 40.

G303.4.1.6.2. G303.4.1.6.2. Devil child born with horns. U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.4.1.7. G303.4.1.7. The devil’s face.

G303.4.1.7.1. G303.4.1.7.1. Devil‘s face is black. Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.4.1.8. G303.4.1.8. Devil’s hair. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.4.1.8.1. G303.4.1.8.1. Devil‘s hair blood-red. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.4.1.8.2. G303.4.1.8.2. Devil has three golden hairs. *Type 461.

G303.4.2. G303.4.2. The devil’s wings.

G303.4.2.1. G303.4.2.1. The devil has six wings. Dh I 138.

G303.4.2.2. G303.4.2.2. The devil has twelve wings. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.4.3. G303.4.3. The devil‘s thumb.

G303.4.3.1. G303.4.3.1. Devil has glowing thumb. Wьnsche Teufel 44.

G303.4.3.2. G303.4.3.2. Devil’s thumb the size of two fists. Wьnsche Teufel 44.

G303.4.4. G303.4.4. Devil has claws. Wьnsche Teufel 42f., 83f.

G303.4.4.1. G303.4.4.1. Devil has five claws. Wьnsche Teufel 84.

G303.4.4.2. G303.4.4.2. Devil has claws on his feet. One can tell a devil by claws protruding through his shoes. Fb II 184, 204b.

G303.4.5. G303.4.5. The devil‘s feet and legs.

G303.4.5.1. G303.4.5.1. Devils have only one leg. They broke one leg when trying to run away from God’s attack to protect himself from them. Dh I 50.

G303.4.5.1.1. G303.4.5.1.1. Devil has only one foot. The wolf which he made has eaten the other. Dh I 148.

G303.4.5.1.2. G303.4.5.1.2. Devil‘s shoes are empty. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 350, 654, 657.

G303.4.5.2. G303.4.5.2. Devil has a broken foot. He limps. Type 756B; Andrejev FFC LXIX 62, *231 n.; German: Henne-Am Rhyn 277.

G303.4.5.3. G303.4.5.3. Devil has horse’s foot. Type 756B; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 226; Andrejev FFC LXIX 62; Fb I 601b; Wьnsche Teufel 52.--Scotch Campbell Superstitions 290; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 8 No. 66; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 137.

G303.4.5.3.1. G303.4.5.3.1. Devil detected by his hoofs. While playing cards the devil drops a card on the floor and his partners notice his monstrous feet. England, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 41 No. 34; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 120 No. 34; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3350, Legends Nos. 676, 793.

G303.4.5.3.2. G303.4.5.3.2. Devil’s footprints without any toes. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.4.5.4. G303.4.5.4. The devil has goat feet. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 92, Beal XXI 330; England: Baughman; German: Henne-Am Rhyn (Leipzig, 1874) 278.

G303.4.5.4.1. G303.4.5.4.1. Devil is betrayed by his goat hoofs. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 8 No. 66.

G303.4.5.5. G303.4.5.5. Devil has pig’s foot. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 290.

G303.4.5.6. G303.4.5.6. Devil‘s knees are backwards. Type 756B; Andrejev FFC LXIX 62; Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.4.5.7. G303.4.5.7. Devil has no heels. Bitten off by wolf who was created by devil. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 139f., 142.

G303.4.5.8. G303.4.5.8. Devil has club foot. England, U.S.: Baughman.

G303.4.5.9. G303.4.5.9. Devil has cock’s feet. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.4.6. G303.4.6. The devil‘s tail. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 792.

G303.4.6.1. G303.4.6.1. A little girl recognizes the devil by his tail. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 119 No. 29; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3675, Legends Nos. 382, 395.

G303.4.6.2. G303.4.6.2. Boy recognizes devil when he fans fire with his tail. Africa (Masai): Fuchs Sagen, Mythen, und Sitten der Masai (Jena, 1910) 21ff. No. 4.

G303.4.7. G303.4.7. Devil speaks with voice of a he-goat. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 301.

G303.4.8. G303.4.8. Miscellaneous characteristics of devil.

G303.4.8.1. G303.4.8.1. Devil has sulphurous odor. (Cf. G303.6.3.4, G303.17.2.8.) England, U.S.: Baughman; German: Henne-Am Rhyn (1874) 271; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.4.8.2. G303.4.8.2. Devil holds molten coin in mouth. Fb I 267a.

G303.4.8.2.1. G303.4.8.2.1. Devil holds fire in his hands. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 38.

G303.4.8.3. G303.4.8.3. Devil claims to be 7,777 years old. Dh I 195.

G303.4.8.4. G303.4.8.4. Devil never eats in an inn. Devil‘s coachman observes this. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 119 No. 28.

G303.4.8.5. G303.4.8.5. Devil carries a thorn stick. German: Henne-Am Rhyn 278.

G303.4.8.6. G303.4.8.6. Devil is swift of foot. Type 756B; Andrejev FFC LXIX 62; Irish myth: Cross.

G303.4.8.7. G303.4.8.7. Devil with pitchfork. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 688.

G303.4.8.8. G303.4.8.8. Devil laughs (weeps) when men weep (laugh). Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.4.8.9. G303.4.8.9. Devil all speckled and spotted. England: Baughman.

G303.4.8.10. G303.4.8.10. Devil’s hand marks person he touches. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.4.8.11. G303.4.8.11. Devil in animal form cannot be hit by bullets. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.4.8.12. G303.4.8.12. Devil picks up live coals to light pipe. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.4.8.13. G303.4.8.13. Devil invisible. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.5. G303.5. How the devil is dressed.

G303.5.1. G303.5.1. Devil is dressed in black. French: Sйbillot France I 287, III 144; Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.5.1.1. G303.5.1.1. Devil in a black cloak. German: Henne-Am Rhyn 278.

G303.5.2. G303.5.2. Devil is dressed in green.

G303.5.2.1. G303.5.2.1. Devil in green clothing with hat. Wьnsche Teufel 34f.

G303.5.2.2. G303.5.2.2. Devil as a hunter in green. Wьnsche Teufel 53f., 90f.

G303.5.2.3. G303.5.2.3. Devil wears a bright green coat. German: Henne-Am Rhyn 278.

G303.5.3. G303.5.3. The devil dressed in red. French: Sйbillot France II 29.

G303.5.4. G303.5.4. Devil dressed in blue clothes. Fb I 266a; U.S.: Baughman.

G303.5.5. G303.5.5. Devil dressed in hunting clothes. Wьnsche Teufel 65f.

G303.6. G303.6. Circumstances of the devil‘s appearance. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.6.1. G303.6.1. When the devil appears. Danielsson Djдvulgestalten i Finlands Svenska Folktro (Helsingfors, 1930) 74.

G303.6.1.1. G303.6.1.1. Devil appears at midnight. Hunt Popular Romances 230; Wьnsche Teufel 54, 59, 106f.; Danielsson op. cit. 77.

G303.6.1.2. G303.6.1.2. Devil comes when called upon. Fb I 267a, IV 99a; Wьnsche Teufel 54, 99; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 34, 59, Beal XXI 312, 323; English: Hunt 232, 241; England, Wales: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 12 No. 106; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 601--604.

G303.6.1.2.1. G303.6.1.2.1. Devil writes into book names of those who call on him. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.6.1.3. G303.6.1.3. Devil appears to claim soul offered to devil in jest. Wьnsche Teufel 36f.; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 56, Beal XXI 322.

G303.6.1.4. G303.6.1.4. Devil appears when a woman looks at herself in the mirror after sunset. England, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; French: Sйbillot France I 139; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

G303.6.1.5. G303.6.1.5. Devil appears when cards are played. Fb IV 99a; Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 292.

G303.6.1.6. G303.6.1.6. Devil invoked through medium of a black dog. Peru: Jijena Sanchez 132.

G303.6.1.7. G303.6.1.7. Devil appears on Hallowe‘en. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.6.2. G303.6.2. People to whom the devil appears.

G303.6.2.1. G303.6.2.1. Devil appears invisible among dancers. (Cf. G303.10.4.) Canada, U.S.: *Baughman (G303.6.2.12); Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 10 No. 79; Icelandic: Boberg.

G303.6.2.2. G303.6.2.2. Devil appears at meetings of witches. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 292; Finnish-Swedish: Danielsson op. cit. 84.

G303.6.2.3. G303.6.2.3. Devil appears among youths who jest while they say their evening prayers. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 10 No. 76.

G303.6.2.4. G303.6.2.4. Devil visible to one who walks in minister’s (or minister‘s wife’s) holy shoes (galoshes). Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 10. No. 79.

G303.6.2.5. G303.6.2.5. Devil appears to persons ready to abandon their integrity. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 292.

G303.6.2.6. G303.6.2.6. Devil appears to minister‘s serving man to warn of impending disaster to the house. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 298f.

G303.6.2.7. G303.6.2.7. Devil appears to girl who prays over pit where she has thrown the bodies of her babies. French: Sйbillot France II 313.

G303.6.2.8. G303.6.2.8. Devil appears to dying man. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.6.2.9. G303.6.2.9. Devil appears to saint (cleric). Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.6.2.9.1. G303.6.2.9.1. Saint is able to see devils. *Loomis White Magic 76f.

G303.6.2.10. G303.6.2.10. Devil appears to scholar. Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.6.2.11. G303.6.2.11. Devil appears to Eve. Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.6.2.12. G303.6.2.12. Devil hides in clothes of people running from storm. See references to G303.6.3.1.1. Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 87--100.

G303.6.2.13. G303.6.2.13. Devil appears to person who cuts both ends off loaf of bread. England: Baughman.

G303.6.2.14. G303.6.2.14. Devil appears to Sabbath breakers. (Cf. C631.) England, Wales: *Baughman.

G303.6.2.15. G303.6.2.15. Devil appears when person steals.

G303.6.2.15.1. G303.6.2.15.1. Devil causes boy to make noise of wind breaking after he has stolen bushel of corn to pay for shoes. (Cf. D2063.5.) U.S.: Baughman.

G303.6.3. G303.6.3. Natural phenomena accompanying the devil’s appearance.

G303.6.3.1. G303.6.3.1. Devil is followed by a thunderstorm. Dh I 154; England, U.S.: Baughman.

G303.6.3.1.1. G303.6.3.1.1. The devil appears during thunderstorm, seeking shelter among people. Swedish, Lappish, Finnish, Estonian, Livonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, White Russian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 87--100.

G303.6.3.2. G303.6.3.2. Devil comes in the whirlwind. French: Sйbillot France I 113.

G303.6.3.3. G303.6.3.3. Devil and the wind travel together. French: Sйbillot France II 313.

G303.6.3.4. G303.6.3.4. Devil appears in an intense light and with strong odor of sulphur. (Cf. G303.4.8.1.) Sйbillot France II 313; U.S.: Baughman.

G303.6.3.5. G303.6.3.5. Devil‘s coming heralded by piercing whistle. German: Grimm No. 195.

G303.7. G303.7. How the devil travels.

G303.7.1. G303.7.1. Devil rides horse. U.S.: Baughman; Irish: Beal XXI 322, O’Suilleabhain 55.

G303.7.1.1. G303.7.1.1. Devil rides on black horse. Wesselski Mдrchen 199; English: Hunt Popular Romances 217, 222, Baughman.

G303.7.1.2. G303.7.1.2. Devil‘s horses are transformed men. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 33; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 118 Nos. 25, 33; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3304, Legends Nos. 469, 581ff., 585.

G303.7.1.2.1. G303.7.1.2.1. Devil’s horse has human feet. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 33; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 120 No. 33.

G303.7.1.2.2. G303.7.1.2.2. Devil (gentleman) invites traveler into his wagon. Explains that his horses are Earl X, etc. (Cf. G303.25.17.1.) Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 118 No. 25.

G303.7.1.2.3. G303.7.1.2.3. Devil (gentleman) invites girls into his sleigh. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G303.7.1.3. G303.7.1.3. Devil rides horse at night hunting lost souls over the heath. England: Baughman.

G303.7.2. G303.7.2. Devil rides away on an ass. Angered because God has not invited him to his wedding. Dh I 129.

G303.7.3. G303.7.3. Devil drives horse and wagon. Fb I 266b; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 9 No. 69.

G303.7.3.1. G303.7.3.1. Devil in wagon drawn by two black horses carries off impious people. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 13 No. 118; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 822.

G303.7.3.2. G303.7.3.2. Devil drives carriage drawn by horses whose nostrils shoot fire. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 9 No. 69; French: Sйbillot France I 428.

G303.7.3.3. G303.7.3.3. Devil in coach drawn by headless horses. English: Hunt Popular Romances 224ff.

G303.7.3.4. G303.7.3.4. Devil pursues man from carriage drawn by four white horses. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.7.3.5. G303.7.3.5. Devil travels in coach drawn by four blood-red horses, the hoofs of which strike fire from the pavement. German: Grimm No. 120.

G303.7.4. G303.7.4. Devil comes in a cart. Fb I 266b; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 776.

G303.7.5. G303.7.5. Devil drives several teams of oxen. English: Hunt Popular Romances 230.

G303.7.6. G303.7.6. Devil rides on hog, drives another. Fb III 676b.

G303.7.7. G303.7.7. Devil drives six he-goats. Wьnsche Teufel 41.

G303.7.8. G303.7.8. Devil rides cow until she goes mad. England: Baughman.

G303.7.9. G303.7.9. Devil flies like bird. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.8. G303.8. Devil‘s expulsion from heaven and his present haunts.

G303.8.1. G303.8.1. Devil driven from heaven. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3002, Legends Nos. 5f.; Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.8.1.1. G303.8.1.1. God has Elias drive devils from heaven. They use thunder, lightning, and rain for forty days. Dh I 133f.

G303.8.1.2. G303.8.1.2. Archangels Michael and Gabriel drive Satan and other devils from heaven to earth. Dh I 67, 138; Irish: Beal XXI 323, O’Suilleabhain 59.

G303.8.1.2.1. G303.8.1.2.1. Devil becomes an angel. Forced by monk, devil sings a hymn and becomes a white angel as he was before the sin. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 670, Balys Ghosts.

G303.8.2. G303.8.2. Devils carry away the sun when they fall from heaven. Dh I 136.

G303.8.3. G303.8.3. The devil in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.8.3.1. G303.8.3.1. Devil is thrust into hell by God. Dh I 5; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 5f.

G303.8.3.2. G303.8.3.2. Devil builds himself a castle and calls it hell. Dh I 145.

G303.8.3.3. G303.8.3.3. Devil‘s house is visible on the way to hell. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 121 No. 38.

G303.8.4. G303.8.4. Devil lives in a church. Fb I 266a.

G303.8.4.1. G303.8.4.1. Devil bound with huge chain near northern side of Tamdrup church. Fb I 189a.

G303.8.4.2. G303.8.4.2. Devil in each stone of church built with ill-gotten wealth. Scala Celi 84a No. 481; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.8.5. G303.8.5. Devil in interior of earth. Banished there by God as punishment for trying to usurp God’s rule of the world. Dh I 208.

G303.8.6. G303.8.6. Devil and his servants live where perjurers dwell. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 12. No. 107.

G303.8.7. G303.8.7. Devil‘s abode is between hoofs of swine. Fb I 189a.

G303.8.8. G303.8.8. Devil lives in the water. Dh I 56, 67.

G303.8.9. G303.8.9. Devils in woman’s train. Scala Celi 141a No. 787; *Loomis White Magic 76.

G303.8.9.1. G303.8.9.1. Devil in fold of knight‘s cloak. (Cf. G303.6.2.12.) Knight permits him to lodge there and accompany him to a tournament on condition that he leave him without harm upon request. Pauli (ed. Bolte) 93.

G303.8.10. G303.8.10. Devil in dragon’s head on a shield. Is expelled by a knight (Percival). Dickson 197 No. 84.

G303.8.11. G303.8.11. Devil in a stone. Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 9 No. 70.

G303.8.12. G303.8.12. Devil in the stable wrapped in horse-hide. Devil chases youth as he hides himself. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 122 No. 43.

G303.8.13. G303.8.13. Devil in the woods.

G303.8.13.1. G303.8.13.1. Youth meets devil in woods. Scala Celi 120a No. 658.

G303.8.13.2. G303.8.13.2. Forest devil the one which fell in the forest when driven from heaven. Dh I 67.

G303.8.13.3. G303.8.13.3. Devil in woods to gather nuts on Christmas Eve. Fb I 266a.

G303.8.14. G303.8.14. Devils dwell in heathen idols, as well as portraits and images. *Loomis White Magic 75.

G303.8.15. G303.8.15. Devil hidden in a corpse. *Loomis White Magic 74.

G303.9. G303.9. Deeds of the devil.

G303.9.1. G303.9.1. The devil as a builder. *Broderius 27, 58; Boberg FFC CLI.

G303.9.1.1. G303.9.1.1. Devil as builder of bridges. Wьnsche Teufel 30--37; England, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3285, Legends Nos. 489f.; Japanese, Korean: Ikeda.

G303.9.1.2. G303.9.1.2. Devil as builder of dams. Finnish-Swedish: man 17 No. 155; Wьnsche Teufel 29f.

G303.9.1.3. G303.9.1.3. Devil as builder of mill. Wьnsche Teufel 38ff.

G303.9.1.4. G303.9.1.4. Devil as builder of walls. Wьnsche Teufel 27f., 69; England: Baughman.

G303.9.1.5. G303.9.1.5. Devil as builder of palaces (chвteaux). Wьnsche Teufel 49f.; Icelandic: Boberg; French: Sйbillot France IV 126.

G303.9.1.6. G303.9.1.6. Devil as builder of churches. Wьnsche Teufel 42; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1931) 26ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 491; French: Sйbillot France IV 126.

G303.9.1.7. G303.9.1.7. Devil builds a road. Wьnsche Teufel 37; England, Scotland: Baughman.

G303.9.1.8. G303.9.1.8. Devil builds a ditch. Wьnsche Teufel 37f.; England: Baughman.

G303.9.1.9. G303.9.1.9. Devil builds two islands in a lake. Wьnsche Teufel 30.

G303.9.1.10. G303.9.1.10. Devil builds an inn for a man in competition with a church being built. Wьnsche Teufel 44.

G303.9.1.11. G303.9.1.11. Devil builds Mont Saint Michel. French: Sйbillot France IV 11.

G303.9.1.12. G303.9.1.12. Devil helps build Halberstadt Cathedral thinking a tavern is being built. Wьnsche Teufel 44.

G303.9.1.13. G303.9.1.13. Devil builds a building. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.9.1.14. G303.9.1.14. Satan builds idol. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.1.15. G303.9.1.15. Satan builds another world. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.2. G303.9.2. The devil performs deeds of unusual strength.

G303.9.2.1. G303.9.2.1. Devil pulls up tree to goad his oxen. English: Hunt Popular Romances 230, Baughman.

G303.9.2.2. G303.9.2.2. Devil builds road for farmer in one day. Wьnsche Teufel 50f.

G303.9.2.3. G303.9.2.3. Devil plows and plants grain for farmer in one day. Wьnsche Teufel 50f.

G303.9.2.4. G303.9.2.4. Devil and Drake carry waters of English Channel from Dartmoor to Plymouth. English: Hunt Popular Romances 231, Baughman.

G303.9.2.5. G303.9.2.5. Devil and Michael Scott carry tide an additional five miles up River Wansbeck. England: Baughman.

G303.9.3. G303.9.3. The devil hires out.

G303.9.3.1. G303.9.3.1. Devil hires out to a farmer. Wьnsche Teufel 71f.; Irish: Beal XXI 314, O’Suilleabhain 38; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 329ff., Legends Nos. 505--524.

G303.9.3.1.1. G303.9.3.1.1. The devil takes service with a farmer in return for the bread he stole. Punishes the evil landowner and makes his master prosperous. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3290, Legends Nos. 505--511.

G303.9.3.2. G303.9.3.2. Devil is employed as a midwife. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 43 No. 30.

G303.9.3.3. G303.9.3.3. Devils help people at work, but are feared nevertheless. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 790--794.

G303.9.3.4. G303.9.3.4. The devil is always to blame. Even when he tries to be helpful to man. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3340, Legends Nos. 659--663; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 41 No. 49.

G303.9.4. G303.9.4. The devil as a tempter. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.9.4.0.1. G303.9.4.0.1. Satan causes storm to destroy property of man he tempts. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.4.0.2. G303.9.4.0.2. Satan smites man he tempts with leprosy. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.4.1. G303.9.4.1. Devil gives Eve two grains of corn. One is for her and one for Adam. Dh I 212.

G303.9.4.2. G303.9.4.2. Devil persuades man to commit suicide. Scala Celi 153a No. 843; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 758; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.9.4.2.1. G303.9.4.2.1. The devil teaches man how to hang himself. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 610--614.

G303.9.4.3. G303.9.4.3. Devil tries to get man to kill his bride (wife). Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 12 No. 104.

G303.9.4.4. G303.9.4.4. Devil tempts cleric (hermit). Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 670; Scala Celi 5b, 165a, 166a Nos. 29, 930, 938; Alphabet Nos. 28, 128, 129; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Hunt Popular Romances 232; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 388, II 1059.

G303.9.4.5. G303.9.4.5. Devils appear to knight to try to call him from doing penance. Scala Celi 162a No. 919.

G303.9.4.5.1. G303.9.4.5.1. Devil by trick conjures vision to make idolators of believers. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.4.5.2. G303.9.4.5.2. Disguised devil as messenger to adulterous people. Irish Myth: Cross.

G303.9.4.5.3. G303.9.4.5.3. Satan stops men from praying. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.4.6. G303.9.4.6. Devil tempts saints. Scala Celi 112a, 154b Nos. 623, 855; Dh I 174.--Irish myth: Cross.

G303.9.4.6.1. G303.9.4.6.1. Devil instructs saint on virtues by which to attain Heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.9.4.7. G303.9.4.7. Devil tempts girl. Scala Celi 47b No. 267; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 395f., 399; West Indies: Flowers 447f.

G303.9.4.7.1. G303.9.4.7.1. Devil and girl. ”Are you lonely?“ Girl: ”No, devil, with God and angels.“ Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 365.

G303.9.4.8. G303.9.4.8. Devil tempts youth to deny Virgin. Promises youth riches. Scala Celi No. 658.

G303.9.4.9. G303.9.4.9. Devil tries to move repentant sinner to despair. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.9.4.10. G303.9.4.10. Woman worships the devil. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.9.5. G303.9.5. The devil as an abductor. Fb I 266a, 267a; Dh I 176; French: Sйbillot France II 38, IV 341; Jewish: *Neuman; West Indies: Flowers 448f.

G303.9.5.1. G303.9.5.1. Devil abducts girl: has her hang about his neck and he flees to hell. Wьnsche Teufel 65f.

G303.9.5.2. G303.9.5.2. Devil carries away a lord on his back. French: Sйbillot France IV 341; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.9.5.3. G303.9.5.3. Devil compels two miners to follow him. English: Hunt Popular Romances 218.

G303.9.5.4. G303.9.5.4. Devil carries man through air as swift as wind (thought). Finnish: FFC XXXIII 41 No. 37; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 121 No.

G303.9.5.5. G303.9.5.5. Devil combs Mme. Anna‘s hair while he takes her away. Fb I 266b.

G303.9.5.6. G303.9.5.6. Man temporarily abducted by devil. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 710; Estonian and Latvian: Tautosakos Darbai VI 19--23.

G303.9.5.7. G303.9.5.7. Devil carries a Jew to hell. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3335, Legends No. 650ff.

G303.9.5.8. G303.9.5.8. Devil takes violinist when he needs a good fiddler in hell. England: Baughman.

G303.9.6. G303.9.6. The devil fights.

G303.9.6.0.1. G303.9.6.0.1. The devil is armed. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.9.6.1. G303.9.6.1. Devil fights with man. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 121 No. 35.

G303.9.6.1.1. G303.9.6.1.1. Devil is overcome by man in fight. Man pulls out one of his horns and beats him with it. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 70; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

G303.9.6.1.2. G303.9.6.1.2. Satan fights Israel. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.6.2. G303.9.6.2. Satan attacks saints. Kittredge Witchcraft 218, 525 nn. 49, 50; Dh I 138; Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman; French: Sйbillot France II 128, III 530.

G303.9.6.2.1. G303.9.6.2.1. Devil inflames saint’s injured eye. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.9.7. G303.9.7. The devil advises human beings.

G303.9.7.1. G303.9.7.1. Devil advises young girl not to go to a castle. Later, when she returns pregnant she says that the devil advised her to serve at the castle. He slaps her and tells her she is lying. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 84; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 664.

G303.9.7.2. G303.9.7.2. Devil exhorts youth to enjoy himself and not to think of God. When the youth has grown old the devil says, ”It is now too late to think of God.“ Type 823*.

G303.9.7.3. G303.9.7.3. The devil advises a suspicious husband. The Ring of Hans Garvel. Appears in a dream and hands the husband a ring. ”When you wear this ring you will be sure of your wife.“ He awakens to understand the obscene implication. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles no. 11; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

G303.9.7.4. G303.9.7.4. Devil disguised as man tells of trip to heaven and hell. Heaven is full of wretches who weep, fast, and pray. Hell is full of wealth, power, and good living. Nouvelles de Sens No. 5.

G303.9.8. G303.9.8. Miscellaneous actions of the devil.

G303.9.8.1. G303.9.8.1. Devil spins and knits. English: Hunt Popular Romances 241.

G303.9.8.2. G303.9.8.2. Devil plays fiddle at wedding. Causes bad luck (kills bridegroom). Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 24; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 118 No. 24.

G303.9.8.3. G303.9.8.3. Devil sings (dances) on grave. Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.9.8.4. G303.9.8.4. Devil causes salamander to appear in glass of rum, drinks it. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.9.8.5. G303.9.8.5. Devil engages in drinking contest with man for purse of gold. Gold causes man to become miser. England: Baughman.

G303.9.8.6. G303.9.8.6. Satan asks God to put man into his power (Job). Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.9.8.7. G303.9.8.7. Satan makes wager with God about mortal‘s piety. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.8.8. G303.9.8.8. Satan prays to God. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.8.9. G303.9.8.9. Satan chants songs of praise to God. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.8.10. G303.9.8.10. Satan weeps. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.8.11. G303.9.8.11. Satan as blasphemer. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.9. G303.9.9. Pranks played by the devil.

G303.9.9.1. G303.9.9.1. Devil prevents moving of little stone by sitting on it. Scala Celi 149b No. 823.

G303.9.9.2. G303.9.9.2. Devil interrupts mass by pretended battle. Scala Celi 22b No. 144; Alphabet No. 105.

G303.9.9.3. G303.9.9.3. Devil steals knight’s cloak. Scala Celi 153a No. 844; Alphabet No. 620.

G303.9.9.4. G303.9.9.4. Devil takes an unbaptized child out of the cradle and lays a wooden log in its place. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 14 No. 127; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3295, Legends Nos. 525ff.

G303.9.9.5. G303.9.9.5. Devil piles sand in ocean so that vessels may run aground. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 17 No. 156.

G303.9.9.6. G303.9.9.6. Devil leads and misguides people. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3332, Legends Nos. 459, 500, 557, 590, 640--49, 746ff., 759--75, 784, 797f., 800, 804.

G303.9.9.7. G303.9.9.7. Trying all night to catch an animal (really devil). Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 777--783.

G303.9.9.8. G303.9.9.8. Taking snuff with the devil. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 772, 785ff.

G303.9.9.9. G303.9.9.9. Devil challenges boys to play a disc-game. Can be defeated only with rowan-sticks. (Cf. D950.9.) Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 653--658.

G303.9.9.10. G303.9.9.10. Exchanging things with the devil. The cheat appears later. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3302, Legends Nos. 437, 441, 559--77.

G303.9.9.11. G303.9.9.11. The devil as tailor to a dandy. The dandy demands clothes sewed without thread. The devil disguised as a tailor makes them. In church the dandy‘s clothes fall to pieces, leaving him naked. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 685ff.

G303.9.9.12. G303.9.9.12. Devil engages in horse race with man. U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.9.9.13. G303.9.9.13. Devil flies away with sentry box. England: Baughman.

G303.9.9.14. G303.9.9.14. Devil drinks church well dry at one draught. England: Baughman.

G303.9.9.15. G303.9.9.15. Devil stampedes horses of general. England: Baughman.

G303.9.9.16. G303.9.9.16. Devil takes place of girl man is embracing in private place. The man goes mad. England: Baughman.

G303.9.9.17. G303.9.9.17. Devil as crow misleads travelers, puts out their lights. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.9.9.18. G303.9.9.18. Devil moves seats in church. Scotland: Baughman.

G303.9.9.19. G303.9.9.19. Devil plays marbles in church. England: Baughman.

G303.9.9.20. G303.9.9.20. Satan entangles ram’s horns on the altar. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.9.9.21. G303.9.9.21. Satan liberates caught deer. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.10. G303.10. Allies and possessions of the devil.

G303.10.1. G303.10.1. Cat as follower of the devil. Fb IV 99a.

G303.10.2. G303.10.2. Toad as follower of the devil. Fb. IV 99a.

G303.10.3. G303.10.3. Snake as follower of the devil. Fb IV 99a.

G303.10.4. G303.10.4. Dancers as followers of the devil. (Cf. G303.6.2.1.)

G303.10.4.0.1. G303.10.4.0.1. Devil haunts dance halls. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G303.10.4.1. G303.10.4.1. Devil dances with a maid until she dies. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 10 No. 81; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3251, Legends Nos. 347, 353f.

G303.10.4.2. G303.10.4.2. Two devils come to a dance-loving maid and play when she bathes. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 10 No. 82.

G303.10.4.3. G303.10.4.3. Devil teaches a dance-loving maid to dance. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 10 No. 83.

G303.10.4.4. G303.10.4.4. Devil appears to girl who wants an escort for a dance. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G303.10.4.5. G303.10.4.5. Devil dances with maid and puts his claws through her hands. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G303.10.5. G303.10.5. Where the devil can‘t reach, he sends an old woman. (Cf. K1085.) *Type 1353; Wesselski Mдrchen 196.

G303.10.6. G303.10.6. Devil in league with a freemason. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 32; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 13 No. 117; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3422, Legends Nos. 821ff.

G303.10.7. G303.10.7. Devil gives luck with fishing and hunting. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 11 No. 91.

G303.10.8. G303.10.8. Horses are offspring of the devil. One cannot trust them. Dh I 239; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 135, 153--159.

G303.10.9. G303.10.9. An all-red, all-black, or all-white calf the property of the devil. Dh I 188.

G303.10.10. G303.10.10. Lizards are offspring of the devil. Dh I 198.

G303.10.11. G303.10.11. The spurge-laurel is the devil’s bush. Dh I 200.

G303.10.12. G303.10.12. The devil owns the reeds. Dh I 187.

G303.10.13. G303.10.13. Thistles and nettles are the devil‘s vegetables. Dh I 187.

G303.10.14. G303.10.14. The bagpipe is the devil’s bellows. Dh I 189.

G303.10.15. G303.10.15. Devil has a hound. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.10.16. G303.10.16. Devil has a servant. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.10.17. G303.10.17. Bird as messenger of devil. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.10.18. G303.10.18. Angels of Satan. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.10.19. G303.10.19. Devil’s well. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 112.

G303.11. G303.11. The relatives of the devil. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.11.1. G303.11.1. The devil’s wife.

G303.11.1.1. G303.11.1.1. The devil‘s son is with his mother at night in his father’s place. Type 1720*.

G303.11.2. G303.11.2. The devil‘s son. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 35, Beal XXI 312f.

G303.11.2.1. G303.11.2.1. The devil and his son fight over division of the earth. Dh I 135.

G303.11.2.2. G303.11.2.2. The devil‘s children and grandchildren do his work for him. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.11.3. G303.11.3. The devil’s mother. Irish: Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 92, Beal XXI 330.

G303.11.3.1. G303.11.3.1. Devil’s mother rides a goat. Fb I 268, 439.

G303.11.4. G303.11.4. The devil‘s grandmother. **Lehmann Dania VIII 179ff.

G303.11.4.1. G303.11.4.1. Devil‘s grandmother keeps house for devil. Is an old wrinkled woman with red eyes who locks up hell. Fb I 268a; Japanese: Ikeda.

G303.11.4.2. G303.11.4.2. Devil’s grandmother is bleaching when it snows. Fb I 268a.

G303.11.5. G303.11.5. The devil‘s daughter. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.11.5.1. G303.11.5.1. The devil and his nine daughters. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.12. G303.12. Marital experiences of the devil. (Cf. H1153, K216.1, K2325, T251.1.1.) Irish: Beal XXI 330; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. 91--93; Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.12.1. G303.12.1. Devil wooes an innkeeper’s daughter. Wьnsche Teufel 33.

G303.12.2. G303.12.2. Devil marries a widow who maltreats him. Wьnsche Teufel 62f.

G303.12.3. G303.12.3. Devil marries old maid who proves to be a termagant and a miser. Wьnsche Teufel 62.

G303.12.4. G303.12.4. Devil visits woman and founds a family. (Cf. G303.11.) Irish myth: Cross.

G303.12.5. G303.12.5. Devil marries girl.

G303.12.5.1. G303.12.5.1. Girl married to a devil. Despairing of ever finding herself a husband, the old maid exclaims: ”I would marry even the devil, were he to marry me.“ The devil takes her at her word. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3253, Legends Nos. 367ff.

G303.12.5.2. G303.12.5.2. Devil marries disdainful girl; she escapes. U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.12.5.3. G303.12.5.3. Devil marries girl whose rich mother refuses to let her marry common young men of community. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.12.5.4. G303.12.5.4. Devil wooes woman; she discovers identity in time to escape with aid of minister who swallows candle after getting devil to promise she could live as long as the candle lasted. (Cf. K551.9.) Scotland: Baughman.

G303.12.5.5. G303.12.5.5. Girl married to devil escapes with answers to his riddles. Type 812; U.S.: Baughman.

G303.12.5.6. G303.12.5.6. Girl wooed by devil is saved by magic herb she wears. (Cf. D1386.2.) U.S.: Baughman.

G303.12.5.7. G303.12.5.7. Devil takes form of girl‘s lover and takes advantage of her. She meets lover on way home, learns what has happened, dies. England: Baughman.

G303.12.6. G303.12.6. Devil in guise of woman woos man. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.12.6.1. G303.12.6.1. Man marries a she-devil He catches her as succubus and marries. Some years later his wife‘s brothers invite them to a feast (wedding) and he gets gifts or wife’s dowry. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *424.

G303.12.7. G303.12.7. Devil‘s sexual relations with mortals. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.12.7.1. G303.12.7.1. Satan’s sexual intercourse with Eve. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.13. G303.13. The stupid devil. Missouri French: Carriиre; **Wьnsche Teufel; Danielsson Djдvulgestalten i Finlands svenska Folktro (Helsingfors, 1930) 35; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 82--84, 201; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.13.1. G303.13.1. Devils do not know or understand thoughts of men. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 329 No. 50.

G303.13.2. G303.13.2. Devil works backward. Begins building at top of house. Wьnsche Teufel 52.

G303.13.3. G303.13.3. Devil tries to wall in too large a piece of ground in a night and fails. Wьnsche Teufel 70.

G303.13.4. G303.13.4. The devil tries to learn a trade; he fails miserably at all but versemaking. He now loiters in alehouses, sings songs. Scotland: Baughman.

G303.13.5. G303.13.5. Simple-minded devil indicates how he can be driven away. (Cf. G303.16.) India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.14. G303.14. Devil’s unfinished work cannot be completed by human hands. One stone missing in church, etc. Wьnsche Teufel 37f., 47, 51--56.

G303.14.1. G303.14.1. The devil destroys by night what is built by day. Wьnsche Teufel 30; French: Sйbillot France IV 46; Canada, England, Scotland: *Baughman.

G303.14.1.1. G303.14.1.1. Devil destroys Adam‘s work by night. Dh I 238.

G303.14.2. G303.14.2. Devil builds bridge except for one stone. No one dares to add the final stone. England: Baughman.

G303.15. G303.15. Places haunted by the devil. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3440, Legends Nos. 833--850.

G303.15.1. G303.15.1. Devil haunts premises about to be visited by calamity. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 292.

G303.15.2. G303.15.2. Granary now haunted because of devil’s defeat. Wьnsche Teufel 53f.

G303.15.3. G303.15.3. Devil haunts a house. Finally is exorcised. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 711--718.

G303.15.4. G303.15.4. Devils haunt tree. (Cf. G312.3.)

G303.15.4.1. G303.15.4.1. Particular species of tree abode of devils. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.15.5. G303.15.5. Ruins of a palace haunted by Satan. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.15.6. G303.15.6. Satan appears at a feast where the poor are absent. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.16. G303.16. How the devil‘s power may be escaped or avoided. Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Danielsson 112.

G303.16.1. G303.16.1. By the help of the Virgin Mary the devil may be escaped. Scala Celi 111a, 119a, 120b Nos. 617, 657, 659; Irish: *Cross; O‘Suilleabhain 41, Beal XXI 315; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.16.2. G303.16.2. Devil’s power over one avoided by prayer. Fb I 267a; Scala Celi 132b, 137a, 149b Nos. 729, 764, 765, 823; Alphabet No. 591; Wьnsche Teufel 44, 102; Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman, Hunt Popular Romances 224; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 14 No. 126; French: Sйbillot France IV 126; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.16.2.1. G303.16.2.1. Devil cannot take one who has read the Pater Noster. Fb I 266b, 267a.

G303.16.2.1.1. G303.16.2.1.1. Devil cannot enter person who is thinking of God. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.16.2.2. G303.16.2.2. Person saved from devil by prayer to Virgin. Scala Celi 122b, 124a, 134b Nos. 673, 677, 742; Kцhler-Bolte II 613ff.

G303.16.2.3. G303.16.2.3. Devil‘s power avoided by blessing.

G303.16.2.3.1. G303.16.2.3.1. Man escapes devils by reading Lord’s blessing. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 9 No. 74.

G303.16.2.3.2. G303.16.2.3.2. Devil flees at pope‘s blessing. Dh I 175.

G303.16.2.3.3. G303.16.2.3.3. Devils disappear when priest blesses bread. Scala Celi 67a No. 370; Irish: Beal XXI 314, O’Suilleabhain 38.

G303.16.2.3.4. G303.16.2.3.4. A nun eating unblessed lettuce eats a demon. Gregory the Great Dialogues Bk I Ch. 4 (tr. Edmund Gardner, London, 1911) 17; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 22; Alphabet No. 108; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

G303.16.2.3.5. G303.16.2.3.5. Blessing reveals seemingly pure stream to be devil‘s trap which kills whoever drinks from it. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.16.2.4. G303.16.2.4. Devils driven away by hymn (psalm). Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.16.2.5. G303.16.2.5. Demon cannot hurt holy man or woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.16.3. G303.16.3. Devil’s power avoided by the cross. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.16.3.1. G303.16.3.1. Devils driven away by cross. Scala Celi Nos. 367, 392.

G303.16.3.2. G303.16.3.2. Devil cannot endure cross made by straps of knapsack. Type 1166*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1168; Russian: Andrejev No. 1166*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1166*.

G303.16.3.3. G303.16.3.3. Devils put to flight by cross made of leaves. Scala Celi No. 391.

G303.16.3.4. G303.16.3.4. Devil made to disappear by making sign of the cross. Dh I 48; Scala Celi 13a, 45a, 45b, 66b, 67a, 67b, 70b, 77b Nos 77, 256, 257, 368, 369, 371, 372, 393, 394, 442; Pauli (ed. Bolte) 90; Crane Vitry 189 No. 131, 246 No. 263; Alphabet No. 64.--Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 92, Beal XXI 330; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 642--645, 648, 650, 776, 786, 800, 825; French: Sйbillot France I 160, II 403, IV 12; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 103; West Indies: Flowers 450.

G303.16.3.5. G303.16.3.5. Knight dismisses devil in name of cross. Scala Celi 127b No. 696; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 93.

G303.16.3.6. G303.16.3.6. Devil made visible by making sign of cross. Irish myth: *Cross.

G303.16.4. G303.16.4. Words of religious comfort cause devil and his crew to vanish. England: Baughman, Hunt Popular Romances 218; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.16.5. G303.16.5. Administering sacrament destroys devil’s power.

G303.16.5.1. G303.16.5.1. Chaplain administers sacrament and saves woman‘s soul from devil. Wьnsche Teufel 37.

G303.16.5.2. G303.16.5.2. Devil disappears when offered host. Scala Celi 64b No. 353; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

G303.16.6. G303.16.6. Man is rescued from devil by baptism. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 14 No. 131.

G303.16.7. G303.16.7. Devil is chased by holy water. Type 756B; Andrejev FFC LXIX 103; Irish: Cross, Beal XXI 313--315, 322, O’Suilleabhain 35, 38, 40, 56; Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 82 No. 676; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 639, 708, 715; French: Sйbillot France IV 126; West Indies: Flowers 450.

G303.16.8. G303.16.8. Devil leaves at mention of God‘s name. England, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 651, 774f., 780, 814; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 95 No. *817, Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.16.9. G303.16.9. Devil is made impotent by confession. Scala Celi 42a--46b Nos. 239, 241, 243, 245, 246, 249, 255, 260.

G303.16.10. G303.16.10. Angels save person from the devil. Scala Celi 45a, 84a Nos. 253, 479, 660; Alphabet No. 178; Wьnsche Teufel 42.

G303.16.11. G303.16.11. Various holy persons save one from devil.

G303.16.11.1. G303.16.11.1. Devil is driven out of a man by Peter. Dh I 170.

G303.16.11.2. G303.16.11.2. Devil prevented from revenge by pious priest. Wьnsche Teufel 45.

G303.16.11.3. G303.16.11.3. Person chases the devil away. Devil says, ”You also have stolen once.“ Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 30; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 119 No. 30; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 706, 715.

G303.16.11.4. G303.16.11.4. Saint expels devil to hell. Nouvelles de Sens No. 5; Irish myth: Cross.

G303.16.11.5. G303.16.11.5. Saint’s dispute with devil. *Loomis White Magic 76.

G303.16.12. G303.16.12. Ringing of churchbell causes devil to lose his power. Wьnsche Teufel 40, 42, 43f.

G303.16.13. G303.16.13. Devil may be escaped by going to church every day. Fb I 267a.

G303.16.14. G303.16.14. The devil exorcised. Alphabet No. 595; Wьnsche Teufel 104f., 106f.; Fb I 267a; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 315; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 14 No. 132, 15 Nos. 133, 134; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1169; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 28; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

G303.16.14.1. G303.16.14.1. Priest chases devil away. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G303.16.14.1.1. G303.16.14.1.1. Priest separates girl from devil‘s claws. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

G303.16.14.2. G303.16.14.2. Devil chased by the fumes of burning arsenic. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.16.14.2.1. G303.16.14.2.1. Devil exorcised by burning wood. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 39.

G303.16.14.3. G303.16.14.3. Devil overpowered or chased with a stick of rowan-tree. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 653f., 657f., 671f., 799.

G303.16.14.3.1. G303.16.14.3.1. Why the devil fears the rowan-tree. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3346.

G303.16.14.4. G303.16.14.4. The devil is exorcised with bell, book, and candle. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.16.14.5. G303.16.14.5. Devil avoids cockscomb flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.16.15. G303.16.15. Devils leave hermit who turns other cheek when struck. Scala Celi No. 795.

G303.16.16. G303.16.16. Devil is cheated of his reward when priest dismisses mass early. Wьnsche Teufel 84.

G303.16.17. G303.16.17. Devil cannot enter a house with horseshoe over door. Fb I 267a; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 650; Japanese: Ikeda.

G303.16.18. G303.16.18. One must not whistle after sunset, else the devil will go along with one. Fb I 267b.

G303.16.18.1. G303.16.18.1. Christians are prohibited from whistling in dark lest the devil appear. Sйbillot France I 159.

G303.16.19. G303.16.19. Miscellaneous ways in which the devil may be escaped or his power destroyed. England, Ireland, U.S.: Baughman.

G303.16.19.1. G303.16.19.1. Man secure from devil on horse. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland (Glasgow 1900) 293.

G303.16.19.2. G303.16.19.2. Devil goes with one if one spits on old castaway brooms. Fb I 267b.

G303.16.19.3. G303.16.19.3. One is freed if he can set a task the devil cannot perform. Fb I 267a; **Wesselski Niederdeutsche Zeitschrift fьr Volkskunde X 1ff.; England: *Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G303.16.19.3.1. G303.16.19.3.1. Task for devil: sweeping and winnowing peas on ice. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1177.

G303.16.19.3.2. G303.16.19.3.2. Task for devil: making needles. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1188.

G303.16.19.3.3. G303.16.19.3.3. Task for devil: washing a Jew (Jewess), to rid him (her) of the evil smell. (Cf. A1662.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1187.

G303.16.19.4. G303.16.19.4. Devil (Satan) flees when cock is made to crow. (Cf. G303.17.1.1.) U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 811; French: Sйbillot France IV 126; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 218f. No. 168.

G303.16.19.4.1. G303.16.19.4.1. Man imitates cock crowing: devil is deceived. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 343.

G303.16.19.5. G303.16.19.5. Demon has to serve girl whom he cannot persuade to break vow of chastity. (Cf. D1714.) Scala Celi 154b 854.

G303.16.19.6. G303.16.19.6. Man protected from devil by holding three-year old child through night. Wьnsche Teufel 36f.

G303.16.19.7. G303.16.19.7. Devil comes out of man when monk recognizes devil‘s voice in man. Scala Celi 25b No. 168; Alphabet No. 123.

G303.16.19.8. G303.16.19.8. Knight saved from devil by friends. Scala Celi 135b No. 752.

G303.16.19.9. G303.16.19.9. Devil becomes powerless when called by name. Wьnsche Teufel 119; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 641, 647, 768, 779, 809.

G303.16.19.10. G303.16.19.10. Devil exorcised at time of Christ’s Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.16.19.11. G303.16.19.11. Devil frustrated by charity. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.16.19.12. G303.16.19.12. Devil can‘t approach Christian girl. Nouvelles de Sens No. 5.

G303.16.19.13. G303.16.19.13. Devil cannot follow man over running water. (Cf. F383.2, G273.4.) England, Ireland: *Baughman.

G303.16.19.14. G303.16.19.14. Devil escaped by injuring him with silver bullet. (Cf. D1384.5.) U.S.: Baughman.

G303.16.19.15. G303.16.19.15. Devil cannot enter magic circle made to keep him out. (Cf. D1381.11.) Scotland, Wales: *Baughman.

G303.16.19.16. G303.16.19.16. Devil can be driven away by sacrifice. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Bays.

G303.16.19.17. G303.16.19.17. Devil disappears because he is frightened.

G303.16.19.17.1. G303.16.19.17.1. Devil frightened by a woman. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G303.16.19.18. G303.16.19.18. Catching the devil. The devil is caught with the help of a sacred article (rosary, scapular) or some other thing (band for binding breeches, a switch of the rowan-tree). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3345, Legends Nos. 665--668, 677.

G303.16.19.19. G303.16.19.19. Beating the devil. One must give him an odd number of strokes. Devil asks for one stroke more. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 657f., 773, 795.

G303.16.19.20. G303.16.19.20. Devil is killed by hunter. A slake of tar remains. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 796; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.17. G303.17. The devil’s disappearance from the world.

G303.17.1. G303.17.1. When the devil disappears.

G303.17.1.1. G303.17.1.1. Devil disappears when cock crows. (Cf. G303.16.19.4.) Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 294 U.S.: Baughman; German: Grimm No. 121, 195, Penzer I 77, IX 143; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3252, Legends Nos. 344ff., 353--357, 359f., 363, 493, 495, 593, 690, 696ff., 737f., 759, 761, 763, 772, 812, 822, 829, 856; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.17.1.2. G303.17.1.2. Devil rebels and disappears on last day. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.17.1.3. G303.17.1.3. Devil disappears after erection of Tabernacle. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.17.2. G303.17.2. Physical circumstances of devil‘s disappearance.

G303.17.2.1. G303.17.2.1. Devil detected, goes up chimney in smoke. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 292.

G303.17.2.2. G303.17.2.2. Devil disappears in a whirlpool. Wьnsche Teufel 31f.

G303.17.2.3. G303.17.2.3. Devil goes out through stove with great noise. Finnish: FFC XXXIII 41 No. 45; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 123 No. 45.

G303.17.2.4. G303.17.2.4. Devil and sinful priest disappear amid blaze of fire in the river. England: Baughman.

G303.17.2.5. G303.17.2.5. Devil retreats into hell amid thunder and lightning. Wьnsche Teufel 32f.

G303.17.2.6. G303.17.2.6. Devil disappears in a puddle. Wьnsche Teufel 60.

G303.17.2.7. G303.17.2.7. Devil disappears amid terrible rattle. Zs. f. Vksk. IV 294.

G303.17.2.8. G303.17.2.8. Devil disappears amid terrible stench. (Cf. G303.4.8.1.) Wьnsche Teufel 49f., 51f., 61f.

G303.17.2.9. G303.17.2.9. Devil disappears in carriage drawn by four black horses. Wьnsche Teufel 60.

G303.17.3. G303.17.3. Why the devil has disappeared from the world.

G303.17.3.1. G303.17.3.1. The devil dies of a nosebleed resulting from overheat. Wьnsche Teufel 84f.

G303.17.3.2. G303.17.3.2. The devil dies when he is fastened in hell’s door by his beard. German: Henne-Am Rhyn (1874) 276f.

G303.17.3.3. G303.17.3.3. Wolf eats the devil; therefore, devil no longer lives in the world. Dh I 153.

G303.17.3.4. G303.17.3.4. Devil has not been seen since he created the bramble. Dh I 170.

G303.17.3.5. G303.17.3.5. Satan punished in hell fire. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.18. G303.18. Devil enters body of another. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G303.18.0.1. G303.18.0.1. When devil leaves dead sinner‘s body, only bones remain. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.18.1. G303.18.1. Devil enters body of dead boy. Scala Celi 67a No. 369; India: Thompson-Balys.

G303.18.2. G303.18.2. Devil in place of dead man in shroud (in dead man’s skin). Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 42 No. 49**.

G303.18.3. G303.18.3. Devil blows skin off man who belongs to him and goes in the skin. Fb I 267a; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3365, Legends Nos. 693--697, 700.

G303.18.4. G303.18.4. Satan enters the Golden Calf. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.19. G303.19. The devil takes the hindmost. (Cf. F1038.2.) England: Baughman.

G303.19.1. G303.19.1. The last belongs to the devil. BP III 14; Fb III 196b; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 327 No. 37.

G303.19.2. G303.19.2. Farmer has devil aid in reaping contest, loses his shadow when devil attempts to take hindmost. (Cf. K42.) Scotland: Baughman.

G303.20. G303.20. Ways in which the devil kills people.

G303.20.1. G303.20.1. Devil kills man with fiery sword. Scala Celi No. 662.

G303.20.2. G303.20.2. Devil destroys hunting party with terrible wind. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 301f.

G303.20.3. G303.20.3. Devil strikes man dead with iron bar. Two men are fighting and devil thus kills one of them. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 122 No. 44.

G303.20.4. G303.20.4. Devil strikes man dead with disease. Irish myth: Cross.

G303.20.5. G303.20.5. The devil unpeels a bold woman’s skin. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3257, Legends Nos. 378--387.

G303.20.6. G303.20.6. Devil as black dog kills people. (Cf. G303.3.3.1.1.) England, Scotland: *Baughman.

G303.20.7. G303.20.7. Satan swallows victim. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.20.8. G303.20.8. Satan injures man. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.20.9. G303.20.9. Satan slays the first born of the Egyptians. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.21. G303.21. The devil‘s money.

G303.21.1. G303.21.1. Devil’s money becomes ashes. Fb I 803f.; U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 426, 428, 432f., 444, 447, 449--53, 577, 736.

G303.21.2. G303.21.2. Devil’s money becomes manure. U.S.: Baughman.

G303.21.3. G303.21.3. The devil‘s money is hot. U.S.: *Baughman.

G303.22. G303.22. The devil helps people. Irish myth: Cross; West Indies: Flowers 451; Jewish: Neuman.

G303.22.1. G303.22.1. Devil repays a kindness: returns coat lent him and brings the one who had shown him kindness back home when imprisoned. German: Henne-Am Rhyn (1874) 278.

G303.22.2. G303.22.2. Magician recovers lost object with devil’s help. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 11 No. 89.

G303.22.3. G303.22.3. Student is helped by devil when he can answer three questions in rhyme. (Cf. H543.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 11 No. 92.

G303.22.4. G303.22.4. Devil helps man place cart wheel when it becomes unfastened. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 11 No. 93.

G303.22.5. G303.22.5. Devil exhibits benevolence to impious people (to people who make an alliance with him: gives them riches, helps them in need). (Cf. M212.) U.S.: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 12 No. 96.

G303.22.6. G303.22.6. Devil helps person to steal. When thief blesses himself he is forsaken by the devil. (Cf. K365.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 12 No. 98.

G303.22.7. G303.22.7. Devil helps ugly man win wife. Wьnsche Teufel 104f.

G303.22.8. G303.22.8. Devil helps journeyman win wager with master. Wьnsche Teufel 36.

G303.22.9. G303.22.9. Devil comes and works with man who continues to work after night. French: Sйbillot France I 160.

G303.22.10. G303.22.10. Devil serves knight faithfully. Devil saves his life and that of his wife. Wesselski Mдrchen 242 No. 53.

G303.22.11. G303.22.11. Devil as advocate of falsely condemned men. Carries off the judge. *Type 821; BP II 566.

G303.22.12. G303.22.12. Devil promises help to mistreated apprentice if youth will meet him by night in lonely spot. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 293.

G303.22.13. G303.22.13. Devil saves heretic from fire, until priest brings host. Scala Celi 65a No. 355.

G303.22.14. G303.22.14. Devil as helper in battle. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

G303.23. G303.23. The devil and the ark. Jewish: *Neuman.

G303.23.1. G303.23.1. Devil gets into the ark by hiding in shadow of Noah’s wife. Dh I 268.

G303.24. G303.24. The devil in church.

G303.24.1. G303.24.1. Devil accuses congregation of sins.

G303.24.1.1. G303.24.1.1. Devil shows priest long parchment roll of sins of congregation. Scala Celi 44a No. 249; Crane Vitry 233 No. 239.

G303.24.1.2. G303.24.1.2. Devil writes faults of man on goat skin. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 306 No. 19.

G303.24.1.3. G303.24.1.3. Devil writes down names of men on a hide in church. Woman laughs when she sees him. Finnish: FFC XXXIII 44 No. 59; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 427; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 126 No. 59; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.24.1.4. G303.24.1.4. Devil stands in church door and writes down names of his own people on a sheepskin. Fb I 266b.

G303.24.1.5. G303.24.1.5. Devil in church fills his sack with dissolute songs. Scala Celi 25a No. 165; Alphabet No. 122.

G303.24.1.6. G303.24.1.6. Devil writes down all idle words spoken in church. His parchment is not long enough and he has to stretch it. Crane Vitry 233 No. 239.

G303.24.1.7. G303.24.1.7. Devil writes names of those who sleep in church. Fb I 266b; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 11 No. 85.

G303.24.1.7.1. G303.24.1.7.1. Devil disturbs people in the church. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 440, 447.

G303.24.1.7.2. G303.24.1.7.2. Devil writes down names of those who look backwards in church. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.24.1.8. G303.24.1.8. Devil writes down names of those who whisper in church. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

G303.24.1.9. G303.24.1.9. The devil has two books--one book small for sins of clerics, erased by confession; the other large for unconfessed sins of lay folks. Irish myth: *Cross (G303.24.1.11).

G303.24.2. G303.24.2. Devils worship host. (Cf. G303.16.5.) Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 49; Scala Celi 3a No. 5; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

G303.24.3. G303.24.3. Devil vexing friars caused to repent by singing ”Te sanctum dominum“. Scala Celi 3a No. 5.

G303.24.4. G303.24.4. Devil destroys church steeple. England: Baughman.

G303.24.5. G303.24.5. Devil as dog chews up Bibles, hymnbooks, church accounts in church. Wales: Baughman.

G303.25. G303.25. Miscellaneous devil motifs.

G303.25.1. G303.25.1. Wolf is the devil‘s craftiest enemy. Dh I 152.

G303.25.2. G303.25.2. Devils fear St. Isaac. Scala Celi 135b No. 592.

G303.25.3. G303.25.3. Devil likes negligence in men more than anything else. Scala Celi No. 752.

G303.25.4. G303.25.4. Devil cooks folk in kettle. Fb I 267a.

G303.25.5. G303.25.5. Devil’s chair in hell made from thrown-away nail parings. Olrik Ragnarцk (tr. Ranisch) 73f., No. 1.

G303.25.5.1. G303.25.5.1. From the parings of man‘s nails devils make little caps for themselves. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3305.

G303.25.6. G303.25.6. Old woman gives chickens to devils. They do not accept them. She gives them to priests and they eat them. Scala Celi 161b No. 916.

G303.25.7. G303.25.7. Man shoots the devil with a silver gun. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 42 No. 51**; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 594ff., 796.

G303.25.7.1. G303.25.7.1. Devil shot with silver bullet. (Cf. D1385.4.) Lithuanian, Latvian, Livonian, Estonian, Ukrainian, Polish, Rumanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 53--83.

G303.25.8. G303.25.8. Devil follows corpse when a lawyer is buried. Fb I 267a.

G303.25.8.1. G303.25.8.1. Devil follows corpse of a procurator. Fb I 267a.

G303.25.9. G303.25.9. Ship with devil aboard sinks. Fb III 243b.

G303.25.10. G303.25.10. Devil is blamed by monk for taking what does not belong to him. Devil denies accusation. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 366.

G303.25.11. G303.25.11. Devil takes place of woman who went to spend night with a priest. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 189 No. 147.

G303.25.12. G303.25.12. A farmer who trades horses with the devil is cheated. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 16 No. 149.

G303.25.13. G303.25.13. Devil buys a woman’s hair; the silver coin which he gives in payment is changed to a piece of wood and she dies. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 16 No. 148.

G303.25.14. G303.25.14. The food and drink of the devils.

G303.25.14.1. G303.25.14.1. Hideous food and drink at the night-spirits‘ (devils’) feast. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 428, 434, 436, 440, 444, 451, 463ff.

G303.25.14.2. G303.25.14.2. Devil roasts a toad. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 795.

G303.25.15. G303.25.15. The devil’s animals.

G303.25.15.1. G303.25.15.1. Tailless fish as devil‘s hog. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 807.

G303.25.16. G303.25.16. Possessions of the devil.

G303.25.16.1. G303.25.16.1. Devil’s pipe, gun or music. Man is blinded and gets such as gift or exchange from devil. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 559--563, 569, 575, 590, 815.

G303.25.17. G303.25.17. The devils‘ dances and feasts.

G303.25.17.1. G303.25.17.1. Devil as gentleman invites a traveler to the feast (wedding). (Cf. G303.7.1.2.2.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3276, Legends Nos. 441, 448, 454, 458ff., 466.

G303.25.17.2. G303.25.17.2. A musician engaged to play for the night-spirits (devils) dances. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3276f., Legends Nos. 425--438, 443f., 446f., 449--453, 460.

G303.25.17.3. G303.25.17.3. Devils arrange a wedding feast for a woman who hanged herself. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3277, 3278, Legends Nos. 443--448, 450--459, 461f., 466.

G303.25.18. G303.25.18. Devil can touch man’s body, not his soul. Jewish: Neuman.

G303.25.19. G303.25.19. Parliament of devils. Irish myth: Cross.

G304. G304. Troll as ogre. (For troll as underground spirit or mountain spirit see F455. For troll-woman see G200--G299, Witches.) **E. Hartmann Die Trollvorstellungen im den Sagen und Mдrchen der skandinavischen Vцlker (Stuttgart, 1936); Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 285.

G304.1. G304.1. Appearance of troll (ogre). (Cf. F455.2.)

G304.1.1. G304.1.1. Troll in animal form.

G304.1.1.1. G304.1.1.1. Troll as fox. Fb ”rжv“ III 113a.

G304.1.1.2. G304.1.1.2. Troll as hare. Fb ”hare“ I 556.

G304.1.1.3. G304.1.1.3. Troll as goose. Fb ”gеs“ I 528b.

G304.1.1.4. G304.1.1.4. Troll as crow. Fb ”krage“ II 285b.

G304.1.2. G304.1.2. Troll in form of object.

G304.1.2.1. G304.1.2.1. Troll in form of cloud. Fb ”sky“.

G304.1.2.2. G304.1.2.2. Troll in form of key. Fb ”nцgle“ II 723.

G304.1.3. G304.1.3. Many-headed troll. Fb ”hoved“ I 654b, ”trold“ III 852b.

G304.2. G304.2. Characteristics of trolls.

G304.2.1. G304.2.1. Fire-producing troll.

G304.2.1.1. G304.2.1.1. Troll lights fingers. Fb ”lys“ 483b.

G304.2.1.2. G304.2.1.2. Troll stretches neck so long that fire comes from lips. Fb ”hals“ I 540.

G304.2.2. G304.2.2. Troll’s food.

G304.2.2.1. G304.2.2.1. Troll‘s food gives men strength. Fb ”mad“ II 525a; *DF XLVI 66ff.

G304.2.3. G304.2.3. Special powers of troll.

G304.2.3.1. G304.2.3.1. Locks spring open for troll. Fb ”lеs“ II 523a.

G304.2.4. G304.2.4. Antipathies of trolls.

G304.2.4.1. G304.2.4.1. Trolls cannot endure churchbells. Fb ”kirkeklokke“ II 130b; Icelandic: Arnason Legends of Iceland (London, 1864) I 120, 124, Boberg; Swedish: Grimm Deutsche Mythologie II 798 n. 1; Finnish-Swedish: Landtman Finlands Svenska Folkdiktning VII 560.

G304.2.4.2. G304.2.4.2. Trolls afraid of bears. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 434--37.

G304.2.5. G304.2.5. Troll bursts when sun shines on him. Or he may become stone. *Fb ”sol“ III 356a; Icelandic: Arnason Icelandic Legends (London, 1864) I 122, Boberg.

G304.3. G304.3. Troll‘s possessions.

G304.3.1. G304.3.1. Troll’s castle.

G304.3.1.1. G304.3.1.1. Golden door to troll‘s castle. Fb ”guldport“ I 514.

G304.3.2. G304.3.2. Troll’s animals.

G304.3.2.1. G304.3.2.1. Troll has team of mice. Fb ”mus“ II 631b.

G304.3.2.2. G304.3.2.2. Troll drives two he-goats. *Fb ”gjedebuk“ I 440.

G304.3.2.3. G304.3.2.3. Troll has bear in stable. *Fb ”bjшrn“ IV 43a.

G304.3.2.4. G304.3.2.4. Troll has hares in stable. *Fb ”hare“ I 556b.

G305. G305. Earl king. Child-stealing ogre. (Cf. F321.5.) Type 367*.

G306. G306. Rainbow as ogre. Africa: Werner African 236.

G307. G307. Jinn. India: Thompson-Balys.

G307.1. G307.1. Where jinn comes from.

G307.1.1. G307.1.1. Jinn always appears out of strong wind. India: Thompson-Balys.

G307.2. G307.2. Form of jinn.

G307.2.1. G307.2.1. Jinn can take any human form he chooses. India: Thompson-Balys.

G307.2.2. G307.2.2. Jinn unseen by anyone except person(s) he wishes should see him. India: Thompson-Balys.

G307.3. G307.3. Jinn kills whoever tries to occupy house he has chosen to live in. India: Thompson-Balys.

G307.4. G307.4. City infested by jinns deserted. India: Thompson-Balys.

G308. G308. Sea monster. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Persian: Carnoy 325; Jewish: Neuman.

G308.1. G308.1. Fight with sea (lake) monster. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

G308.2. G308.2. Water-monster. Irish myth: *Cross.

G308.3. G308.3. Herds of sea monsters on surface of sea. Irish myth: Cross.

G308.4. G308.4. Lake made dangerous by haunting serpent (dragon, pйist). Irish myth: *Cross.

G308.5. G308.5. Shark-man ogre, eater of children swimming. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 191; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/346).

G308.6. G308.6. Lake monster has power to attract victims. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 22.

G308.7. G308.7. Clam shell invites man down into sea so he can be eaten. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 97.

G308.8. G308.8. Monsters of the sea: two whales of human parentage. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/912).

G308.9. G308.9. Demon-octopus. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 289; Marquesas: Handy 76.

G310. G310. Ogres with characteristic methods.

G311. G311. Old man of the sea. Burr-woman. Ogre who jumps on one‘s back and sticks there magically. *Chauvin VII 23 No. 373E; Fb ”ryg“ III 103ab; *Basset 1001 Contes I 190; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 126 No. 58; Greek: Grote I 7; Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 626; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191e; Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 226.

G312. G312. Cannibal ogre. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 109, 291, 1113, II 950; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 14, 21.

G312.1. G312.1. Pisaca. Drinks blood and eats human flesh. Eats corpses and makes living waste away. Hindu: Keith 98, 157.

G312.2. G312.2. Spirit-woman in rock devours men and cattle. India: Thompson-Balys.

G312.3. G312.3. Flesh-eating spirits live in trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

G312.4. G312.4. Man-eating ogre fries his victims in kettle of oil. India: Thompson-Balys.

G312.5. G312.5. Bhrat, fierce flesh-eating creatures made by Creator in fit of anger. India: Thompson-Balys.

G312.6. G312.6. Ogre eats only men’s hearts. India: Thompson-Balys.

G312.7. G312.7. Ogress devours horses. India: Thompson-Balys.

G313. G313. Procrustes. Monster makes men fit his bed. Tall men sawed off, short men stretched. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 131 n. 2, Fox 99; Jewish: Neuman.

G314. G314. Pine bender. Kills victims by springing tree. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 124 n. 1, Fox 98.

G315. G315. Cycnus. Cuts off heads of strangers in order to build temple of heads. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 264 n. 1.

G316. G316. Giant robber with club. Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 98 (labors of Theseus).

G317. G317. Wrestling ogre. Greek: Fox 87, 99.

G321. G321. Cliff-ogre. Kicks victims over cliff. Greek: Fox 99, Frazer Apollodorus II 129 n. 1; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 163.

G321.1. G321.1. Pusher-into-hole. Africa: Werner African 214, (Hottentot): Bleek 78.

G321.2. G321.2. Ogress at a spot along the road takes toll of lives. India: Thompson-Balys.

G322. G322. Piercer-of-souls: fishes men. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 250.

G322.1. G322.1. Giant fisherman. Draws in ships with his line. Scotch: Campbell-McKay No. 17.

G323. G323. Brother-Dead. Trapper of game; silent; pursues trickster. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 249 No. 27.

G327. G327. Swinging ogre. Girls who swing their lovers over pit, cut rope, and later devour them. Montaignais: Speck JAFL XXXVIII 15.

G328. G328. Rectum snakes. Snakes which creep into living man and devour him. *Fb ”snog“ III 436b; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 161.

G328.1. G328.1. Serpent inside man‘s body eats all his food. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G331. G331. Pot-tilter. Ogre who tilts a pot so that victims are drawn into it. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 321 n. 157.

G332. G332. Sucking monster. Giant (sometimes a giant hall or cave) sucks in victims. Irish myth: *Cross; Siberia: Holmberg Siberian 387; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 321 n. 158, (California): Gayton and Newman 72, cf. 95.

G332.1. G332.1. Ogre sucks victim’s finger and drinks all his blood. Cosquin Contes indiens 369 n. 1; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 80.

G333. G333. Path between monsters. Scylla and Charybdis. Greek: Fox 137, 264; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 307 n. 113b.

G334. G334. Ogre keeps human prisoners.

G334.1. G334.1. Ogress has twenty captive princesses in cave. India: Thompson-Balys.

G335. G335. Ogre decapitates captive princess before he leaves palace; resuscitates her on return. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G336. G336. Ogre draws victims under water.

G336.1. G336.1. Demon drags beneath the water any person whose shadow falls on surface of water. India: Thompson-Balys.

G341. G341. Sharp-elbowed women. Kill with their elbows. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 181.

G341.1. G341.1. Ogre with sharpened leg. S. A. Indian (Toba, Mataco, Shipaya, Warrau, Apinarje, Canella, Tukuna): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 74ff.

G342. G342. Demon with pointed head, red hair, and black face. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

G345. G345. Man with fire moccasins. They set fire to surroundings. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 164.

G345.1. G345.1. Ogress can make cold oven blaze by putting foot into it. India: Thompson-Balys.

G346. G346. Devastating monster. Lays waste to the land. *Types 301, 550; Irish: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 126, 148f.; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 102; Finnish: Kalevala rune 46; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Greek: Fox 56; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G346.0.1. G346.0.1. Devastating monster which comes out of a hole in evening. India: Thompson-Balys.

G346.1. G346.1. Devastating monster mews like cat. Africa (Hausa): Mischlich 164ff No. 22, Frobenius Atlantis IX 277ff., 287ff. Nos. 74, 75.

G346.2. G346.2. Devastating demon. Kills and eats people. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G346.3. G346.3. Amphibious monster. Irish myth: Cross.

G346.3.1. G346.3.1. Amphibious tree-destroying monsters. Irish myth: Cross.

G346.4. G346.4. Evil spirit drinks water supply dry. India: Thompson-Balys.

G347. G347. Ogre: karumba kills hero by medicines. India: Thompson-Balys.

G350. G350. Animal ogres.

B15.7.2. Monster three-legged ass.

G351. G351. Domestic beast as ogre.

G351.1. G351.1. Dog as ogre. Irish myth: Cross; Tonga: Gifford 121, Beckwith Myth 342, 348.

G351.2. G351.2. Cat as ogre. Sucks blood. Kittredge Arthur and Garlagon 259 n. 2; Japanese: Mitford 245ff.

G351.3. G351.3. Ferocious sow. Greek: Fox 98.

G351.4. G351.4. Ogress in goat-form. India: Thompson-Balys.

G351.5. G351.5. Ogress in form of donkey. India: Thompson-Balys.

G352. G352. Wild beast as ogre.

G352.1. G352.1. Wolf as ogre. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 279, Snorra Edda Gylf. XII.

G352.2. G352.2. Wild boar as ogre. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 471.

G353. G353. Bird as ogre. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 261, Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1229); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 493.

G353.1. G353.1. Cannibal bird as ogre. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 78.

G353.2. G353.2. Eagle as ogre. Fb ”шrn“ III 1183b; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G353.3. G353.3. Duck as ogre. Tonga: Gifford 104.

G354. G354. Reptile as ogre.

G354.1. G354.1. Snake as ogre. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G354.1.1. G354.1.1. Demon in the shape of serpent guards forest where treasure tree grows. India: Thompson-Balys.

G354.2. G354.2. Crocodile as ogre. Africa (Fang): Trilles 158.

G354.3. G354.3. Lizard as ogre. Samoa: Beckwith Myth 128.

G360. G360. Ogres with monstrous features. Irish myth: *Cross.

G361. G361. Ogre monstrous as to head. (Cf. G369.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

G361.1. G361.1. Many-headed ogre. India: Thompson-Balys.

G361.1.1. G361.1.1. Two-headed ogre. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Fang): Einstein 149.

G361.1.1.1. G361.1.1.1. Monster with two horns, each having human head on it. Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5.

G361.1.2. G361.1.2. Three-headed ogre. Hindu: Keith 88; Africa (Fang): Einstein 149.

G361.1.3. G361.1.3. Six-headed ogre. Luzon (Tinguian): Cole 104.

G361.1.4. G361.1.4. Seven-headed ogre. Jewish: Neuman

G361.1.5. G361.1.5. Ten-headed ogre. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 75.

G361.2. G361.2. Great head as ogre. Head detached from body pursues or flies about doing damage. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 262, 291; S. A. Indian (Caviсa, Tumupasa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 448, (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 329.

G361.3. G361.3. Headless ogre. Penzer IX 88 n.

G362. G362. Ogre monstrous as to nose.

G362.1. G362.1. Noseless ogre. Eskimo: Alexander N. Am. 7.

G362.2. G362.2. Pug-nosed ogre. Eskimo: Alexander N. Am. 7.

G363. G363. Ogre monstrous as to mouth. Irish myth: Cross.

G363.1. G363.1. Ogre with flaming mouth. Irish myth: Cross.

G363.2. G363.2. Large tusks grown from ogre’s mouth. Chinese: Graham.

G363.3. G363.3. Diamond-toothed ogre. India: Thompson-Balys.

G365. G365. Ogre monstrous as to feet.

G365.1. G365.1. Ogre with feet reversed. Penzer IX 160; S. A. Indian (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 327.

G365.2. G365.2. Ogress can extend leg or arm any distance. India: Thompson-Balys.

G366. G366. Ogre monstrous as to trunk.

G366.1. G366.1. Ogres who have no belly. S. A. Indian (Fuegian): Alexander Lat. Am. 340.

G367. G367. Ogre monstrous as to blood.

G367.1. G367.1. Blood of five ogres colored yellow, red, white, green, black. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369. G369. Monstrous ogres--miscellaneous.

G369.1. G369.1. Rakshasa. Dog or ape-shaped; red hair and eyes; mouth reaching from ear to ear; ears pointed like spears; shape-changers; cannibals; three heads, five feet, four eyes, no fingers, bear-neck, horns. Attack women. Hindu: Keith 98, Penzer X 277 s.v. ”Rakshasas“; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G369.1.1. G369.1.1. Rakshasas have power of extending bodies eighty miles. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.1.2. G369.1.2. Rakshasa can be defeated by hero who has rakshasi blood in his veins. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.1.3. G369.1.3. Rakshasa eats many of the domestic animals each night. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.1.4. G369.1.4. Rakshasa eats horse, dog, and child. Suspected Ranis ordered for execution. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.1.5. G369.1.5. Man persecuted by a rakshasa in form of beautiful wench. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.1.6. G369.1.6. Rakshasa hidden in deer’s head swallows men. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.1.7. G369.1.7. Rakshasa‘s mistress with her head severed lying in a pool of blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.2. G369.2. Genie in form of smoke, taking shape with three wings, one on back. Chauvin V 262 No. 154.

G369.3. G369.3. Ogre without a shadow. Cowell Jataka V 18.

G369.4. G369.4. Ogre has head and tail of a cat. (Cf. G361.) Irish myth: Cross.

G369.5. G369.5. Ogre (demon) with long arm (demon hand) which is thrust down chimney (through door, etc.) Irish myth: *Cross.

G369.6. G369.6. One-breasted ogress. India: Thompson-Balys.

G369.7. G369.7. One-eyed demon. India: Thompson-Balys.

G370. G370. Ogres--miscellaneous.

G371. G371. Stone giants. (Stone coats.) N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 178, 330, 344, 438, 682.

G371.1. G371.1. Ogre clothed in rock. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 79.

G372. G372. ”Rain“ as ogre in bull form. Gaster Oldest Stories 47; Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 193.

G375. G375. Wonderful birds guarded by monster. India: Thompson-Balys.

G376. G376. Ogre in shape of small boy. India: Thompson-Balys.

G377. G377. Tupilac. Monster made of parts of corpses of animals and vivified. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 151f., 201, 461, Holm 59, 69, Rasmussen III 290f., 295.

G400--G499.

G400--G499. Falling into ogre’s power.

G400. G400. Person falls into ogre‘s power. *Types 311, 312.

G401. G401. Children wander into ogre’s house. *Types 327, 327**; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 1; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 48 No. 327E*, Espinosa Jr. No. 81; West Indies: Flowers 453.

G401.1. G401.1. Mistake of elder leads two brothers to the home of ogre. Alu: Wheeler 50.

G402. G402. Pursuit of animal leads to ogre‘s house. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G402.1. G402.1. Pursuit of bird leads to ogre’s house. Type 313; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 108.

G402.2. G402.2. Pursuit of mongoose leads to witch‘s house. India: Thompson-Balys.

G403. G403. Ogre in animal form lures victim into captivity. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 542b nn. 23--27; India: Thompson-Balys.

G405. G405. Man on hunt falls into ogre’s (witch‘s) power. Type 303; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

G406. G406. Lost (marooned) person falls into ogre’s power. Irish myth: *Cross.

G410. G410. Person betrayed into ogre‘s power. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 76 No. 1.

G411. G411. Person aids ogre and is captured. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 75, (Basuto): Jacottet 236 No. 34.

G412. G412. Children lured into ogre’s house. Mono-Alu-Fauru: Wheeler 44f.; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 189, 311.

G412.1. G412.1. Ogre‘s gingerbread house lures child. *Type 327.

G413. G413. Ogre disguises voice to lure victim. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 64 No. 10; West Indies: Flowers 453.

G414. G414. Ogress invites boys to live in her house. India: Thompson-Balys.

G420. G420. Capture by ogre.

G421. G421. Ogre traps victim. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 6, (Basuto): Jacottet 258 No. 38.

G422. G422. Ogre imprisons victim. *Type 327; Oceanic (New Zealand, Mangaia, Rotuma): Dixon 62.

G422.1. G422.1. Ogre imprisons victim in drum. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 62 No. 10, (Kaffir): Kidd 233 No. 4, (Yoruba): Ellis 261 No. 1.

G423. G423. Ball falling into water puts person into ogre’s (witch‘s, water spirit’s) power. *Type 440; BP I 226.

G424. G424. Bridal party will not pass over bridge for fear of water-demon. Fb ”bro“ IV 62a.

G426. G426. Ogre draws girl over waterfall. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 26.

G440. G440. Ogre abducts person.

G441. G441. Ogre carries victim in bag (basket). *Type 327; Norwegian: Christiansen 43f. No. 327**; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 85; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 351 n. 268a, (California): Gayton and Newman 96; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 66 No. 10, (Kaffir): Theal 120, 134, (Zulu): Callaway 75.

G442. G442. Child-stealing demon. Irish myth: Cross.

G442.1. G442.1. Ogre abducts new-born babe, keeping it captive for seven years. Irish myth: Cross.

G442.2. G442.2. Child watched throughout night as protection against child-stealing demon. Irish myth: Cross.

G450. G450. Falling into ogre’s power--miscellaneous.

G451. G451. Following witch‘s fire into her power. *Type 303.

G452. G452. Youth takes service with ogre. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 25.

G455. G455. Falling into ogre’s power through fascination with his daughter. (Cf. G530.2.) Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/152).

G461. G461. Youth promised to ogre visits ogre‘s home. *Types 313, 314, 313***; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G461.1. G461.1. Boy in ogre’s house sees many human heads placed in rows: heads smile and weep. India: Thompson-Balys.

G462. G462. Person as servant in ogre‘s house. Types 314, 428; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G462.1. G462.1. Hero as giant’s (ogre‘s) goatherd. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G463. G463. Ogre guesses correctly and gets princess. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5.

G464. G464. Ogre tyrannizes over fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

G465. G465. Ogre sets impossible tasks. *Type 313; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Benga): Nassau 215 No. 33.

G466. G466. Lousing as task set by ogre. *Type 480, Roberts 167f.; Greek: Frazer Pausanias V 269f.; Africa: Werner African 205.

G475. G475. Ogre attacks intruders.

G475.1. G475.1. Ogre attacks intruders in house in woods. *Type 301; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 34, 433; Borneo: *Dixon 188 n. 6.

G475.2. G475.2. Ogre attacks intruders on bridge. *Type 301.

G476. G476. Ugly ogre terrifies women who flee and are drowned. Irish myth: *Cross.

G477. G477. Ogre kills men and rapes women. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

G478. G478. Ogre kills noisy children. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 47; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 191.

G500--G599.

G500--G599. Ogre defeated.

G500. G500. Ogre defeated. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 86; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 341.

G501. G501. Stupid ogre. *Types 311, 312, 327, 328, 330, 1000--1199; **Wьnsche Teufel; Gaster Thespis 328; **Hackman Die Polyphemsage; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 277, Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”diable“; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer III 33 N. 3, 34 n.; Chinese: Werner 211; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 51, 376; German New Guinea: Dixon 133ff.; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 351f. nn. 268, 268a, 270a, 270b, 271, 271b, (Kaska): Teit JAFL XXX 445, (California): Gayton and Newman 69. For incidents connected with the stupid ogre see G500--G599, besides the many cases of deception scattered throughout chapter K.

G510. G510. Ogre killed, maimed, or captured. India: Thompson-Balys.

G510.1. G510.1. Defeated giant gives his daughter to victor. (Cf. G512.0.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

G510.2. G510.2. Secrets forced from overpowered monster. (Cf. G515.) India: Thompson-Balys.

G510.3. G510.3. Defeated giant becomes friend and helper of victor. India: Thompson-Balys.

G510.4. G510.4. Hero overcomes devastating animal. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 125ff., 135--38; India: Thompson-Balys.

G510.5. G510.5. Ogress with knife tail defeated by hunter. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 160, III 151, Rink 160.

G511. G511. Ogre blinded. **Hackman die Polyphemsage; Gaster Thespis 334; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G511.1. G511.1. One-eyed giant (ogre) blinded (and killed) by arrow. Irish myth: Cross.

G512. G512. Ogre killed. *Type 328; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 59 No. 140; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/249); Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 107, 138; West Indies: Flowers 454.

G512.0.1. G512.0.1. Hero kills trouble-making evil strong men. India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.0.2. G512.0.2. Ogre’s daughter killed together with her father. Icelandic: Hбlfdanar saga XVII 1, XVIII 7, Boberg.

G512.0.3. G512.0.3. Hero killing an ogress gains her adopted daughter for his wife. (Cf. G510.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.1. G512.1. Ogre killed with knife (sword). Type 327***; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

G512.1.1. G512.1.1. Giant killed with magic knife. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”gйant“.

G512.1.2. G512.1.2. Ogre decapitated. India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.1.2.1. G512.1.2.1. Ogre’s head and hands cut off and hung above city gate. India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.2. G512.2. Ogre stoned to death. English: Wells 117 (Sir Torrent of Portyngale).

G512.3. G512.3. Ogre burned to death. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 81; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 141, 195, 445; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 353 n. 274, (California): Gayton and Newman 70; Africa (Fang): Trilles 253, (Duala): Lederbogen Fables 57.

G512.3.1. G512.3.1. Ogre killed by throwing hot stones (metal) into his throat. Oceanic (New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Melanesia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Polynesia): Dixon 61, 63, 69, 86, 133 n. 6; Maori: Beckwith Myth 196; Tahiti: ibid. 197 n. 21 and ch. 13 passim; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 324 n. 167, 353 n. 274, (California): Gayton and Newman 70; Africa (Congo): Weeks 203 No. 1, (Fang): Tessman 150, (Boloki): Weeks Congo 203.

G512.3.2. G512.3.2. Ogre burned in his own oven. *Type 327; *Cosquin RTP XXV 1, 65, 126 (= Йtudes 349ff.); Saintyves Perrault 277ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 314 No. 54; India: Thompson-Balys; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 442; Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 190 No. 9; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 83.

G512.3.2.1. G512.3.2.1. Ogre‘s wife (daughter) burned in his own oven. *Types 327, 327*; **Cosquin Йtudes 349ff. (= RTP XXV 1ff.); Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 172; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman FFC VI No. *327C; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *327C, 327D; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 113 No. 8; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 280 No. 98.

G512.3.3. G512.3.3. Grass as fuel for burning ogre. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 79.

G512.3.4. G512.3.4. Jinn falls into cauldron of boiling oil, thinking it is food. India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.4. G512.4. Ogre persuaded to go into hole: buried alive. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

G512.5. G512.5. Ogre killed by burning external soul.

G512.5.1. G512.5.1. Ogre killed by burning feather containing his life. India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.6. G512.6. Giant killed by cutting his foot (feet) off. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G512.6.1. G512.6.1. Giant’s (ogre‘s) arm pulled (cut) off by defender of castle (house). Irish myth: Cross.

G512.7. G512.7. Backbone of ogre’s old mother broken. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G512.8. G512.8. Ogre killed by striking.

G512.8.1. G512.8.1. Ogre killed by striking with club. India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.8.2. G512.8.2. Ogre killed by striking with stones. India: Thompson-Balys.

G512.8.3. G512.8.3. Boy sends magic spear against six-headed ogre and slays him. (Cf. B11.11.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 104.

G512.8.4. G512.8.4. Ogre whipped to death. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 14.

G512.9. G512.9. Animal kills ogre. (Cf. B524.)

G512.9.1. G512.9.1. Ogre killed by helpful dogs. Africa: Biblioteca Africana IV 60.

G512.9.2. G512.9.2. Ogre torn to pieces by birds. Africa (Wachaga): Gutman 95.

G512.10. G512.10. Ogre killed by lightning. Africa (Fang): Trilles 164.

G512.11. G512.11. Ogre drowned. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (G519.4); Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1110, z-G. 13/249); Hawaii: Beckwith 174.

G513. G513. Ogre killed and resuscitated so as to be of help to hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

G513.1. G513.1. Grateful ogre resuscitates his benefactor. India: Thompson-Balys.

G514. G514. Ogre captured. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

G514.0.1. G514.0.1. Demon must bring treasure to those who have released him. India: Thompson-Balys.

G514.1. G514.1. Ogre trapped in box (cage). *Type 328; Kцhler-Bolte I 306; Missouri French: Carriиre; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”boite“; Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 244; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 359ff.

G514.2. G514.2. Ogre imprisoned in his own house. Type 1167*.

G514.2.1. G514.2.1. Ogre imprisoned in cave. India: Thompson-Balys.

G514.3. G514.3. Ogre caught in noose and killed. New Zealand: Dixon 61, Beckwith 266; Hawaii: Beckwith 174.

G514.4. G514.4. Ogre captured while transformed to animal. Missouri French: Carriиre; Chinese: Werner 359.

G514.5. G514.5. Ogre tied to rock. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 268.

G514.5.1. G514.5.1. Hero pegs ogress to boulder. India: Thompson-Balys.

G514.6. G514.6. Ogresses caught in flood of lava. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 174.

G514.7. G514.7. Ogre captured with decoy smeared with tar. He is then killed and thrown into water. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Fables 60, 74.

G514.8. G514.8. Ogre captured by animal.

G514.8.1. G514.8.1. Ogre captured by tortoise. Africa (Fang): Tessman 16.

G515. G515. Holy men keep devils under control. India: Thompson-Balys.

G519. G519. Ogre killed through other tricks.

G519.1. G519.1. Ogre’s wife killed through other tricks. Type 1122.

G519.1.1. G519.1.1. Faithful hound kills ogre‘s wife. Irish myth: Cross.

G519.1.2. G519.1.2. Man pretends to cut toenails of cannibal woman: kills her. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 190.

G519.1.3. G519.1.3. Ogress lured in bridal bed and killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

G519.1.4. G519.1.4. Ogress tricked into falling into boiling spring. Maori: Beckwith Myth 196.

G519.2. G519.2. Ogre killed with his own iron bar. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G519.3. G519.3. Cliff ogre thrown as food to his children. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 335.

G519.4. G519.4. Ogre killed by blades falling in his food. India: Thompson-Balys.

G519.5. G519.5. Giant ogre tricked into running round a tree the branches of which catch the strokes of his iron bar, until he falls down dead. Icelandic: Boberg.

G520. G520. Ogre deceived into self-injury. *Type 328; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 359.

G521. G521. Ogre made drunk and overcome. *BP III 106; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 32f.; Gaster Thespis 328; Japanese: Anesaki 306; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 258 No. 1.

G522. G522. Ogre persuaded to drink pond dry bursts. *Type 327; BP I 115; India: Thompson-Balys.

G522.1. G522.1. Ogre drinks till he bursts--turns into fog. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 104; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 141.

G523. G523. Ogre kills self when he sees crumbs lying on his belly. Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 243.

G524. G524. Ogre deceived into stabbing himself. He imitates the hero who has stabbed a bag of blood. Fb ”mave“ II 565; S. A. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 300; Missouri French: Carriиre.

G524.1. G524.1. Ogre deceived into hanging himself. Chinese: Graham; Africa (Masai): Fuchs Sagen, Mythen, und Sitten der Masai (Jena, 1910) 21ff. No. 4.

G525. G525. Sea people give the ogre brandy (tar). Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 62**; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 47 No. 68.

G525.1. G525.1. Witch wishes to have as pretty teeth as man: drinks boiling oil. India: Thompson-Balys.

G526. G526. Ogre deceived by feigned ignorance of hero. Hero must be shown how to get into oven (or the like). Ogre shows him and permits himself to be burnt. *Type 327; *Cosquin RTP XXV 1, 65, 126; Penzer I 157 n. 2, VII 123, 263; Saintyves Perrault 276; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 244; Africa (Benga): Nassau 121ff. No. 12, (Zanzibar): Bateman 187 No. 9.

G527. G527. Giant killed by his own bucket of death water; captive princess tells him to wash. India: Thompson-Balys.

G528. G528. Stupid ogre duped into cutting off his own buttocks. India: Thompson-Balys.

G530. G530. Ogre’s relative aids hero.

G530.1. G530.1. Help from ogre’s wife (mistress). *Types 302, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 160; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”ogresse“; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 325 n. 171.

G530.1.1. G530.1.1. Giant overcome and slain when his wife binds his hair to posts. Irish myth: *Cross.

G530.2. G530.2. Help from ogre‘s daughter (or son). (Cf. G455.) *Type 975**; **Aarne FFC XXIII 160f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 54, *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 9, V No. 4; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 8f., 31, 44ff., 48; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 325 n. 171; S. A. Indian (Ceuici): Alexander Lat. Am. 303; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 49, (Ekoi): Talbot 7.

G530.3. G530.3. Help from ogre‘s mother. *Aarne FFC XXIII 158; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 86; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86.

G530.4. G530.4. Help from ogre‘s grandmother. *Type 812; India: Thompson-Balys.

G530.5. G530.5. Help from old woman in ogre’s house. India: Thompson-Balys.

G530.6. G530.6. Ogre‘s maidservant as helper. Chinese: Graham.

G532. G532. Hero hidden and ogre deceived by his wife (daughter) when he says that he smells human blood. *Type 327, 425, 461, 480; *Aarne FFC XXIII 161; Tegethoff 44; *BP I 289; *Fb ”fugl“ I 380; *Saintyves Perrault 303ff.; Roberts 219.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 16, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 203, (Greenland): Rink 218; Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 133, (Basuto): Jacottet 206 No. 30, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 124 No. 22.

G534. G534. Ogre tells wife how people may evade his power. Chinese: Graham.

G535. G535. Captive woman in ogre’s house helps hero. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G537. G537. Ogre defeated with divine help.

G537.1. G537.1. Ogre defeated with help of goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

G550. G550. Rescue from ogre. *Types 311, 312, 313, 314, 590; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”Barbe-bleu“; Missouri French: Carriиre; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 30; Indonesia: Dixon 227; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 83; North Africa: *Saintyves Perrault 267; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 83, 273 No. 86.

G551. G551. Rescue from ogre by relative.

G551.1. G551.1. Rescue of sister from ogre by brother. *Type 312; Krappe Revue Celtique XLVIII (1931) 99ff., Rheinisches Museum f. Philologie N. F. LXXX 114ff.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *454; Eskimo (W. Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 195; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 146, (Kaffir): Theal 134, (Hottentot): Bleek 62 No. 27.

G551.2. G551.2. Rescue of sister from ogre by another sister. *Type 311; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 103 No. 7.

G551.3. G551.3. Rescue of children from ogre by brother. *Type 327*; Africa (Kaffir): Kidd 233 No. 4; Jamaica: Beckwith XVII 271 No. 83.

G551.3.1. G551.3.1. Rescue of children from giant (ogre) by hero (skillful companions). Irish myth: Cross.

G551.4. G551.4. One brother rescues another from ogre. Type 303; German: Grimm Nos. 60, 85; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G551.4.1. G551.4.1. One foster brother rescues another from ogre. Type 303; Icelandic: *Boberg.

G551.5. G551.5. Cannibal is killed by his wife’s relatives. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 633.

G552. G552. Rescue from ogre by helpful animals. *Type 312; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 85; Africa (Kaffir): Kidd 226 No. 1, (Zulu): Callaway 147; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86.

G555. G555. Rescue from ogre by means of singing. *Type 327; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 83.

G556. G556. Recognition of captive‘s voice brings about rescue from ogre. Usually captive sings in the bag. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 64, 134, (Zulu): Callaway 75; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 273 No. 85.

G560. G560. Ogre deceived into releasing prisoner.

G561. G561. Ogre tricked into carrying his prisoners home in bag on his own back. *Types 311, 1132; Chauvin VI 30 No. 201; Africa (Congo): Weeks 202 No. 1, 212 No. 7.

G570. G570. Ogre overawed. *Types 1145--1154; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Missouri French: Carriиre.

G571. G571. Oaths (abusive speeches) drive ogres away. Fb ”bande“ IV 24a.

G572. G572. Ogre overawed by trick. India: *Thompson-Balys.

G572.1. G572.1. Ogre deceived by throwing burning oil instead of spittle on him. India: Thompson-Balys.

G572.2. G572.2. Ogre deceived by showing sharp knife or sword for nose or tongue. India: Thompson-Balys.

G580. G580. Ogre otherwise subdued.

G581. G581. Ogres chased away by fire. *Chauvin VII 82 No. 373bis n. 2.

G582. G582. Giants appeased by feeding them. *Type 531; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12.

G582.1. G582.1. Demons bribed with food. India: Thompson-Balys.

G583. G583. Demons coerced by tabus of druids. Irish myth: Cross.

G584. G584. Ogre polluting the wells driven away by shooting. Icelandic: Boberg.

G585. G585. Ogre tortured by not being allowed to sleep. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 28.

G600--G699.

G600--G699. Other ogre motifs.

G610. G610. Theft from ogre. *Types 328, 314*; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 54, Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”argent“; Japanese: Anesaki 314; Molucca: Dixon 230; West Indies: Flowers 454f.

G610.1. G610.1. Stealing from ogre for revenge. *Type 328.

G610.2. G610.2. Stealing from ogre to help a friendly king. *Type 328.

G610.3. G610.3. Stealing from ogre as task. *Type 328; *BP III 21 n. 1; Christiansen 45 No. 328; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys.

G612. G612. The one eye of the three giants stolen. Type 328*.

G613. G613. Ogre’s charm stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

G614. G614. Killing of ogre‘s cattle, sheep, etc. brings on ogre’s anger. Icelandic: *Boberg.

G630. G630. Characteristics of ogres.

G631. G631. Ogre so old that his eyelids must be propped up. *Krappe Balor 4 n 15; *Fb ”цje“ III 1167a.

G631.1. G631.1. Thousand year old ogre. Korean: Zong in-Sob 99, 169.

G632. G632. Ogre who cannot endure daylight. (Cf. G636.) Penzer I 77.

G633. G633. North as abode of evil spirits. Wimberly 136; Irish myth: Cross; Gaster Oldest Stories 233, Jewish: Neuman.

G634. G634. Genie sleeps with eyes open. Chauvin VI 2 No. 181 n. 1.

G635. G635. Ogre revives after limbs are severed. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 71; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 51.

G635.1. G635.1. Monster‘s returning head. Joins body after it has been severed. *Kittredge Gawain 147ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

G636. G636. Ogres powerless after cockcrow. (Cf. G632.) Penzer I 77 n.; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 106 No. 7.

G637. G637. Ogres live in trees. Melanesian, Indonesian: Dixon 63.

G638. G638. Ogre powerless to cross stream. Penzer III 236.

G639. G639. Ogress lives in water. (Cf. F420.1.4.9, F426.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 280--81, Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 152, Boberg.

G650. G650. Unclassified ogre motifs.

G651. G651. Ogre teaches smith how to transform sand in his smithy. Type 1163; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 753.

G652. G652. Ogre sings constantly, usually own name. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 91.

G653. G653. Ogre attracts attention by whistling. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 92.

G655. G655. Ogre’s ashes cast on stream cause rapids to stop. Also kill all creatures in the stream. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 132, *Cross.

G661. G661. Ogre‘s secret overheard. Christiansen FFC XXIV 68ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

G661.1. G661.1. Ogre’s secret overheard from tree. *Types 613, 812; *BP III 13; Christiansen FFC XXIV 68ff.

G661.2. G661.2. Ogre‘s secret overheard by masking as bird. *Type 812; *Dh I 194ff.

G665. G665. Vanquished ogre grants hero’s three wishes. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 149, *Cross.

G671. G671. Wild man released from captivity aids hero. *Type 502; BP III 94ff.; Dickson 121 n. 64; Jones PMLA XXIII 567; Missouri French: Carriиre; Icelandic: Boberg.

G672. G672. Hero in service of wild man. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 1.

G674. G674. Ogre‘s wife jealous of him. India; Thompson-Balys.

G675. G675. Ogres harnessed to plow. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”charrue“.

G676. G676. Ogre carrying mortar and pestle. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 91.

G677. G677. Ogress attracted by scent of sugar cane ravages city. India: Thompson-Balys.

G681. G681. Ogre gives riddle on pain of death. *Penzer I 51; Slavic: Mбchal 267; India: Thompson-Balys.

G682. G682. Large price exacted for curing ogre after wounding him. India: Thompson-Balys.

G683. G683. Cannibal offers wealth to save his life. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

G691. G691. Bodies of victims in front of ogre‘s house. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 351 n. 268b.

G691.1. G691.1. Giants keep corpses on hand to eat. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 25.

G691.2. G691.2. Widow(s) of ogre’s victims seen at ogre‘s house. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

G691.3. G691.3. Maimed victims seen at ogre’s house. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

G691.4. G691.4. Lost husband‘s bones found among cannibals. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 27.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Tests

H. TESTS

H0--H199. Identity tests: recognition

H0. Identity tests

H10. Recognition through common knowledge

H20. Recognition by resemblance

H30. Recognition through personal peculiarities

H50. Recognition by bodily marks or physical attributes

H80--H149. Identification by tokens

H80. Identification by tokens

H90. Identification by ornaments

H100. Identification by matching parts of divided token

H110. Identification by cloth or clothing

H120. Identification by tokens--miscellaneous

H150. Circumstances of recognition

H200--H299. Tests of truth

H210--H239. Tests of guilt or innocence

H210. Test of guilt or innocence

H220. Ordeals

H240. Other tests of truth

H300--H499. Marriage tests

H300. Tests connected with marriage

H310--H359. Suitor tests

H310. Suitor tests

H360--H399. Bride tests

H360. Bride test

H400--H459. Chastity tests

H400. Chastity test

H410. Chastity test by magic objects or ordeals

H430. Chastity index

H440. Other indications of chastity

H460. Wife tests

H480. Father tests

H490. Other marriage tests

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Tests of Cleverness

H500--H899. TESTS OF CLEVERNESS

H500. Test of cleverness or ability

H510. Tests in guessing

H530--H899. Riddles

H540. Propounding of riddles

H570. Means of solving riddles

H580. Enigmatic statements

H600. Symbolic interpretations

H620. The unsolved problem: enigmatic ending of tale

H630. Riddles of the superlative

H660. Riddles of comparison

H680. Riddles of distance

H690. Riddles of weight and measure

H700. Riddles of numbers

H710. Riddles of value

H720. Metaphorical riddles

H770. Riddles of explanation

H790. Riddles based on unusual circumstances

H810. Riddles based on the Bible or legend

H840. Other riddles

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Tasks

H900--H1199. TESTS OF PROWESS: TASKS

H900--H999. Assignment and performance of tasks

H900--H949. Assignment of tasks

H900. Tasks imposed

H910. Assignment of tasks in response to suggestion

H920. Assigners of tasks

H940. Assignment of tasks--miscellaneous

H950--H999. Performance of tasks

H960. Tasks performed through cleverness or intelligence

H970. Help in performing tasks

H1000--H1199. Nature of tasks

H1010--H1049. Impossible or absurd tasks

H1010. Impossible tasks

H1020. Tasks contrary to laws of nature

H1030. Other impossible tasks

H1050--H1089. Paradoxical tasks

H1050. Paradoxical tasks

H1090. Tasks requiring miraculous speed

H1110. Tedious tasks

H1130. Superhuman tasks

H1150. Tasks: stealing, capturing, or slaying

H1180. Miscellaneous tasks

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Quests

H1200--H1399. TESTS OF PROWESS: QUESTS

H1200--H1249. Attendant circumstances of quests

H1200. Quest

H1210. Quest assigned

H1220. Quest voluntarily undertaken

H1240. Other circumstances of quests

H1250--H1399. Nature of quests

H1250--H1299. Quests to the other world

H1250. Quest to the other world

H1260. Quest to the upper world

H1270. Quest to lower world

H1280. Quests to other realms

H1290. Quests to the other world--miscellaneous motifs

H1300. Quests for the unique

H1320. Quest for marvelous objects or animals

H1360. Quest for dangerous animals

H1370. Miscellaneous quests

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Other Tests

H1400--H1599. OTHER TESTS

H1400--H1449. Tests of fear

H1400. Fear test

H1410. Fear test: staying in frightful place

H1420. Fearless traffic with devils

H1430. Fearless traffic with ghosts

H1440. The learning of fear

H1450--H1499. Tests of vigilance

H1450. Vigilance test

H1460. Test: vigil at tomb

H1470. Other vigilance tests

H1480. Accomplishment of vigilance test

H1500--H1549. Tests of endurance and power of survival

H1500. Tests of endurance

H1510. Tests of power to survive

H1540. Contests in endurance

H1550--H1569. Tests of character

H1550. Tests of character

H1570--H1599. Miscellaneous tests

H.

H. TESTS

H0--H199.

H0--H199. Identity tests: Recognition.

H0. H0. Identity tests. Recognition. Elaborate means are employed in folk-literature for the recognition of persons even though they have been separated a very short time. The various means used are detailed in the following discussion.

H10. H10. Recognition through common knowledge. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H11. H11. Recognition through story-telling. Telling of a story known to both persons concerned brings about recognition. Icelandic: *Boberg; Arabian: Burton Nights III 96ff., S V 155, 164, S VI 34f., 476; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 224.

H11.1. H11.1. Recognition by telling life history. *Type 506; Kцhler-Bolte II 351ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 19; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H11.1.1. H11.1.1. Recognition at inn (hospital, etc.) where all must tell their life histories. *Type 304; *BP II 255 n. 1, 505; bin Gorion Born Judas I 189, 374; *Chauvin V 90 No. 28 n. 1; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2.

H11.1.2. H11.1.2. Recognition: life story painted on wall. India: Thompson-Balys.

H11.1.3. H11.1.3. Recognition by life history sung. (Cf. H12.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H11.1.4. H11.1.4. Recognition by tracing ancestry. Greek: Homer Iliad VI 215, Aeschylus Suppliants 290.

H12. H12. Recognition by song (music). Person is recognized because the song is sung only by him or because he is the only one besides the listener who knows it. Thien Motive 9; Norse: De la Saussaye 137; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *452f.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”chanson“; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 3 and the legend of Richard Coeur de Leon and Blondel; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 359; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 530, 539; New Zealand: Dixon 83; West Indies: Flowers 455.

H12.1. H12.1. Missing female poet discovered through test of poetic ability. Irish myth: *Cross.

H12.2. H12.2. Recognition by verse of song. India: Thompson-Balys.

H12.2.1. H12.2.1. Recognition by matching a couplet together. India: Thompson-Balys.

H13. H13. Recognition by overheard conversation (usually with animals or objects). Person not daring to reveal self directly thus attracts attention and recognition. *Types 313, 533, 706, 870; *BP I 19, III 445ff.; *Fb ”hest“ I 598b, ”ovn“ II 774a; **Liungman Jordkulan passim; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 62, 69 Nos. 445*B, 515*; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Thonga): Junod 231.

H13.1. H13.1. Recognition by overheard conversation with animal.

H13.1.1. H13.1.1. Recognition by overheard conversation with horse. *Type 870; **Liungman Jordkulan passim; *BP III 444ff.; Fb ”hest“ I 598b.

H13.1.2. H13.1.2. Recognition by overheard conversation with dog. Type 533; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 307b.

H13.1.3. H13.1.3. Recognition by overheard conversation with cow. Chinese: Graham.

H13.2. H13.2. Recognition by overheard conversation with objects. *Type 870; *BP III 444ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 8; Icelandic: Boberg.

H13.2.1. H13.2.1. Recognition by overheard conversation with bridge. Bridge which will trip up bridal party if king is not marrying an equal. Disguised princess praises bridge for its recognition of her equality with the king. *Type 870.

H13.2.2. H13.2.2. Recognition by overheard conversation with stone. *Types 710 870; BP I 19 n. 2; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 445B*, Espinosa Jr. No. 114.

H13.2.3. H13.2.3. Recognition by overheard conversation with plant. *Type 870.

H13.2.4. H13.2.4. Recognition by overheard conversation with churchdoor. *Type 870.

H13.2.5. H13.2.5. Recognition by overheard conversation with cups (or other utensils). *Type 710; *BP I 19 n. 2.

H13.2.6. H13.2.6. Recognition by overheard conversation with flax. By comparing her fate with that of the flax the heroine is able to reveal herself. *Type 710; BP I 19 n. 2; *Kцhler-Bolte I 131.

H13.2.7. H13.2.7. Recognition by overheard conversation with stove. *Type 533; *BP II 275; *Fb ”ovn“ II 774a; K. Ranke Festschrift f. W.-E. Peuckert, Berl. 1955, 46.

H13.3. H13.3. Recognition from overheard conversation of two sons. India: Thompson-Balys.

H13.4. H13.4. Recognition from overheard conversation with flower-woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

H14. H14. Recognition by observing emotional reactions of another to object of common experience.

H14.1. H14.1. Recognition by seeing husband shed tears on sight of bird (main character in a former experience common to both husband and wife). India: *Thompson-Balys.

H14.2. H14.2. Recognition by tears at recital of own exploits. Greek: Homer Odyssey VIII 94.

H15. H15. Identity tested by account of common experiences. Missouri French: Carriиre.

H15.1. H15.1. Identity tested by demanding that person say again what he said on former occasion. (Impostor fails.) *Types 425, 870; Tegethoff 21; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H15.2. H15.2. Recognition by recalling common experiences. Jewish: *Neuman.

H16. H16. Recognition by describing or producing object of common knowledge.

H16.1. H16.1. Recognition by brother king of lost brother brought about by model of their father‘s palace which lost brother builds of clay. India: Thompson-Balys.

H16.2. H16.2. Recognition by wounds on lip and finger received at common adventure. India: Thompson-Balys.

H16.3. H16.3. Recognition of brothers brought about by bouquet of flowers tied as father’s gardener used to do. India: Thompson-Balys.

H16.4. H16.4. Recognition by describing unique bed. Greek: Homer Odyssey XXIII 183ff.

H17. H17. Recognition by reminders of what has been said. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 3; Jewish: Neuman.

H18. H18. Recognition by password. Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 236 No. 40.

H19. H19. Recognition through common knowledge--miscellaneous.

H19.1. H19.1. Recognition by ability to identify property.

H19.1.1. H19.1.1. Recognition of reincarnated person by ability to identify former weapons. India: Thompson-Balys.

H19.2. H19.2. Recognition by answer to conundrum (known only to two persons). India: Thompson-Balys.

H20. H20. Recognition by resemblance. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”reconnaissance“; Greek: Homer Odyssey IV 144, 150.

H21. H21. Recognition through picture. Picture is publicly displayed and brings about recognition of lost person. *Type 881; *BP II 505; Kцhler-Bolte I 528; *Chauvin V 92 No. 196, 94 No. 30; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 223.

H22. H22. Recognition through image. Jewish: *Neuman.

H24. H24. Recognition from dream. India: Thompson-Balys.

H30. H30. Recognition through personal peculiarities

H31. H31. Recognition by unique ability. Irish myth: *Cross.

H31.1. H31.1. Recognition by unique ability to dislodge sword. Sword is stuck in a stone or tree. English: Wells 43 (Arthour and Merlin); Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Volsunga saga 7; India: Thompson-Balys.

H31.2. H31.2. Recognition by unique ability to bend bow. Greek: Fox 139; Jewish: Neuman.

H31.3. H31.3. Recognition by unique ability to swing spear. Greek: Roscher Lexikon ”Achilleus“ I 12.

H31.4. H31.4. Only one man can lift small pot from ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

H31.5. H31.5. Recognition by unique ability to cut (carve) tree, etc. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H31.6. H31.6. Recognition by unique ability to break iron apple with first stone cast. Irish myth: Cross.

H31.7. H31.7. Recognition by unique ability to perform magic act. German: Grimm Nos. 76, 89; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 134ff. No. 13.

H31.7.1. H31.7.1. Recognition by ability to shed pearls for tears. India: Thompson-Balys.

H31.7.2. H31.7.2. Only one man is able to read magic book. India: Thompson-Balys.

H31.8. H31.8. Recognition by unique ability to shoot, swim, and drink. Icelandic: Boberg.

H31.9. H31.9. Recognition by unique ability to handle easily a heavy stone. Irish myth: Cross.

H31.10. H31.10. Recognition by unique ability to play chess. Irish myth: Cross.

H31.11. H31.11. Recognition by unique ability to read inscription. Irish myth: Cross.

H31.12. H31.12. Only one man is able to pluck fruits from tree. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H31.12.1. H31.12.1. Bridegroom alone able to pluck flower from bride’s grave. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H32. H32. Recognition by extraordinary prowess. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

H35. H35. Recognition by unique manner of performing an act. Irish myth: *Cross.

H35.1. H35.1. Recognition by unique manner of playing lute. Chauvin V 152 No. 75; India: Thompson-Balys.

H35.1.1. H35.1.1. Recognition by unique manner of playing harp. Irish myth: *Cross.

H35.1.2. H35.1.2. Recognition by unique manner of playing flute. German: Grimm No. 181; Chinese: Graham.

H35.2. H35.2. Recognition by unique cookery. Only one person could have prepared the food in this way. *Chauvin VI 105 No. 270 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

H35.3. H35.3. Recognition by unique needle-work. *Type 506; von der Hagen I cxxxix; India: Thompson-Balys.

H35.3.1. H35.3.1. Recognition of false bride by inability to finish true bride‘s weaving. India: Thompson-Balys.

H35.3.2. H35.3.2. Recognition by embroidery. Chinese: Graham (H141.).

H35.4. H35.4. Recognition by unique manner of carving chips. These sent down stream for recognition. (Cf. H135.) *Schoepperle II 301ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

H35.4.1. H35.4.1. Recognition by ogam carving on withe (rod, tree). Irish myth: *Cross.

H35.5. H35.5. Recognition by manner of throwing cakes of different weights into faces of old uncles. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H36. H36. Recognition by exact fitting of clothes. Irish myth: Cross.

H36.1. H36.1. Slipper test. Identification by fitting of slipper. *Type 510; *Cox Cinderella 504ff.; *BP I 187; *Fb ”sko“ III 288a; Cosquin Contes Indiens 48ff.; Saintyves Perrault 115ff., 156.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; New Mexican: Rael Mod. Lang. Forum XVIII (1933).

H36.1.1. H36.1.1. Recognition by shoes with which the father had once beaten his son. India: Thompson-Balys.

H36.2. H36.2. Garment fits only true king. (Cf. H41.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H36.2.1. H36.2.1. Crown fits only legitimate successor to throne. Jewish: Neuman.

H38. H38. Person’s rank betrayed by habitual conversation.

H38.1. H38.1. Disguised king (noble) recognized by habitual speech.

H38.2. H38.2. Impostor of low origin recognized by habitual speech.

H38.2.1. H38.2.1. Tailor married to princess betrays trade by calling for needle and thread. *Type 1640; BP I 148 ff.

H38.2.2. H38.2.2. Peasant boy masking as prince betrays self by his answers. *Kцhler-Bolte I 172.

H38.2.3. H38.2.3. Recognition of maidservant substitute bride by her habitual conversation. Icelandic: Boberg.

H38.2.4. H38.2.4. Weaver married to princess betrays trade by talking in his sleep. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H38.2.4.1. H38.2.4.1. Weaver married to princess betrays his identity when he unconsciously waves his hands as though he were weaving and asks for his shuttle. India: Thompson-Balys.

H38.2.5. H38.2.5. Substitution of low-caste boy for promised child detected when he prefers long road to short one through jungle (swimming instead of ferry, etc.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

H38.3. H38.3. Slave recognized by his conversation, habits, and character. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H41. H41. Recognition of royalty by personal characteristics or traits. (Cf. H36.2, H71.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H41.1. H41.1. Princess on the pea. Princess recognized by her inability to sleep on bed which has a pea under its dozen mattresses. *BP III 330; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 575b; Grimm No. 182a; *Fb ”seng“; Penzer VI 288ff.; Wirth AA o.s. VII (1894) 367ff.; Arthur Christensen Acta Orientalia XIV 241--257; India: Thompson-Balys.

H41.2. H41.2. High-spitting the test of a chief. N. A. Indian (Quileute): Farrand-Mayer JAFL XXXII 253 No. 1, (Chinook): Boas BBAE XX 160, (Nootka): Boas RBAE XXXI 919.

H41.3. H41.3. Test of king (pope): his candle lights itself. *Type 671; *Kцhler-Bolte I 148.

H41.4. H41.4. Flame issuing from mouth as sign of royalty. English: Wells 14f. (The Lay of Havelok).

H41.5. H41.5. Unknown prince shows his kingly qualities in dealing with his playmates. Type 920; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 40ff., 323ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H41.5.1. H41.5.1. Unknown prince reared by fisher spends money on princely tastes. *Boje 126; India: Thompson-Balys.

H41.6. H41.6. Prophecy for newborn princesses: the one who takes gold in the mouth will be married to a prince; the one who takes hawkweed, to a peasant. Icelandic: Boberg.

H41.7. H41.7. Task: to ride horse whereby one becomes king. India: Thompson-Balys.

H41.8. H41.8. Test of royalty: ability to sow, reap, and winnow rice in one day. India: Thompson-Balys.

H41.9. H41.9. King recognized by unique ability to occupy certain seat (Siege perilous). Irish myth: *Cross; *Nutt Studies in the Legend of the Holy Grail (London, 1888) 81f., 88.

H41.9.1. H41.9.1. Chariot tilts under anyone who is not entitled to throne. Irish myth: *Cross.

H41.10. H41.10. Chief in disguise carries bundle so large that rank is recognized. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 388.

H44. H44. Recognition by perfume. India: Thompson-Balys.

H45. H45. Recognition of deity. Tonga: Gifford 56.

H45.1. H45.1. God recognized by his supernatural powers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H45.2. H45.2. Milk gushes forth from cows when they sit under tree inhabited by deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

H45.3. H45.3. Test of a god: when his image is bound it frees itself. Oertel Studien z. vgl. Littg. VIII 116; Frazer Pausanias III 336f.; Zs. f. Vksk. II 197, III 89, 448.

H45.4. H45.4. God in disguise recognized by tokens on his feet and hands. Greek: Homer Iliad XIII 71.

H45.5. H45.5. Girl sleeping naked awakened: is she a goddess? If mortal, she will cover herself; if a goddess, will not. Tonga: Gifford 191.

H46. H46. Cannibal recognized by cloud of dust raised. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 47, 142, (Basuto): Jacottet 4 No. 1, 206 No. 30, (Kaffir): Theal 125.

H46.1. H46.1. Cannibal nature of woman recognized when she devours dead buffalo raw. India: Thompson-Balys.

H47. H47. Demon recognized by corpse it occupies turning to worm when stake is driven through it. Irish myth: Cross.

H48. H48. Animal in human form recognized. (Cf. H64.)

H48.1. H48.1. Fox (in man’s form) cries out like a fox in his sleep. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 122.

H48.2. H48.2. Fox (in man‘s form) betrays identity when he procures fox-food for human wife. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 123.

H49. H49. Recognition through personal peculiarities--miscellaneous.

H49.1. H49.1. Unique scent of their rice betrays abandoned children. India: Thompson-Balys.

H50. H50. Recognition by bodily marks or physical attributes. Irish myth: Cross.

H51. H51. Recognition by scar. (Cf. H56.) *Type 314; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 9, *Rotunda; Greek: Odyssey, books XIX, XXIV; Arabian: Burton Nights I 248; Jewish: *Neuman; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 158; Chinese: Werner 281; N. A. Indian (Ponka): Dorsey CNAE VI 606, (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 109, (Eastern Cree): Skinner PaAM IX 92.

H51.1. H51.1. Recognition by birthmark. *Types 400, 850; Dickson 49 nn. 58, 59; cf. Shakespeare‘s Cymbeline II, 2, 38; BP II 318, 528; German. Grimm No. 92; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 140; N. A. Indian (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 109.

H55. H55. Recognition through branding. *Types 314, 502, 883B; Dickson 41; Chauvin V 152; Tawney I 37, 92; Burton Nights VII 89 n.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H55.1. H55.1. Recognition through branding with hoof-marks. *Types 314, 502; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”marque“, ”mule“.

H55.2. H55.2. Sacred animals branded by conjurer. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 327.

H55.3. H55.3. Recognition by tatoo. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 370.

H56. H56. Recognition by wound. (Cf. H51.) *Types 314, 502; *Cosquin Йtudes 447ff.; Dickson 42 n. 41; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 169, 170; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 417.

H56.1. H56.1. Recognition by hole burned in hand when woman removes glove. *Wesselski Mдrchen 198.

H56.2. H56.2. Mutilation of children‘s bodies for identification. *Dickson 42 n. 41.

H57. H57. Recognition by missing member. *Hartland Perseus III 208f.; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 150, 168, 171.

H57.0.1. H57.0.1. Recognition of resuscitated person by missing member. *Type 313; French: Cosquin Lorraine II 11.

H57.1. H57.1. Recognition by broken tooth. New Zealand: Dixon 84.

H57.2. H57.2. Recognition by missing finger. *Hartland Perseus III 207ff.; Dickson 42 n. 42; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”doigt“; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. 120, 121.

H57.2.1. H57.2.1. Severed finger as sign of crime. Robber bridegroom thus detected. *Type 955.

H57.2.2. H57.2.2. Recognition of murdered person by severed fingernail. India: Thompson-Balys.

H57.3. H57.3. Recognition by missing toe. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H57.4. H57.4. Recognition by description of woman with missing hands. Nouvelles de Sens No. 12.

H57.5. H57.5. Recognition by artificial hands. *Type 706; *BP I 295ff.

H58. H58. Tell-tale hand-mark. Clandestine lover is identified by paint marks left on his skin by his mistress. *Type 950; Kцhler-Bolte I 200; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Tawney I 15; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 273 n. 1.

H58.1. H58.1. Disguised mistress identified by chalk marks left on back by lover. Heptameron No. 43.

H58.2. H58.2. Clandestine lover identified by scratches left on face by lady. Heptameron No. 4.

H61. H61. Recognition by ornaments under skin.

H61.1. H61.1. Recognition of twins by golden chain under their skin. Kцhler-Bolte I 119.

H61.2. H61.2. Recognition of disenchanted person by ornaments under his skin. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 348 n. 249b.

H61.3. H61.3. Recognition by means of ring enclosed in wound. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 104.

H61.4. H61.4. Recognition by grain of gold under skin. Irish myth: *Cross.

H62. H62. Recognition of transformed person (animal). (Cf. H48.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H62.0.1. H62.0.1. Recognition of man transformed to horse. Chinese: Graham.

H62.1. H62.1. Recognition of person transformed to animal. *Type 325; *BP II 60.

H62.1.1. H62.1.1. Person transformed to animal recognized by his eyes. *Fb ”цje“ III 1166a; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H62.1.2. H62.1.2. Person transformed to animal recognized by ability to read. Scotch: Campbell-McKay.

H62.2. H62.2. Horse recognizes kol transformed to look like his master and throws him off. India: Thompson-Balys.

H62.3. H62.3. Marvelous horse identified by prince though in form of miserable worn-out one. India: Thompson-Balys.

H63. H63. Recognition of other transformed persons.

H63.1. H63.1. Woman transformed to flower is recognized by the absence of dew on petals. Type 407; BP III 259; German: Grimm No. 160.

H64. H64. Recognition of disenchanted person by physical attributes.

H64.1. H64.1. Recognition of disenchanted person by thread in his teeth. As werwolf he has torn woman’s apron and caught thread in teeth. *Fb ”varulv“ III 1015a.

H64.2. H64.2. Werwolf killed and recognized by man‘s clothes under the wolf’s skin or rosary on the neck. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3680.

H64.3. H64.3. Person disenchanted from animal ”unable to hide his tail.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

H64.4. H64.4. Person disenchanted from animal unable to eat after manner of men. India: Thompson-Balys.

H71. H71. Marks of royalty. (Cf. H41, H171.5.) *Type 533; *BP II 275; Kцhler-Bolte I 130; India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.1. H71.1. Star on forehead as sign of royalty. *Type 707; *BP I 102, II 380, 393; *Fb ”stjжrne“ III 577b, ”guldstjжrne“ I 515a; Kцhler-Bolte I 119; Dickson 48; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 56; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 137; India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.1.1. H71.1.1. Moon on forehead and stars in palm of hand as sign of royalty. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H71.2. H71.2. Gold (silver) hairs as sign of royalty. *Types 533, 707; *BP II 275, 380, 393; *Fb ”hеr“ I 771b; India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.2.1. H71.2.1. Golden body of boy as sign of royalty. India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.3. H71.3. Pearls from hair as sign of royalty. *Type 707; BP II 380, 393.

H71.4. H71.4. Roses from lips as sign of royalty. Princess laughs roses. *BP I 100.

H71.5. H71.5. Cross between shoulders as sign of royalty (nobility). Dickson 48f.; English: Wells 14f. (The Lay of Havelok); Icelandic: *Boberg.

H71.6. H71.6. Bright eyes as sign of royalty (nobility). Icelandic: *Boberg.

H71.6.1. H71.6.1. Luminous face as sign of royalty. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 29, *Cross.

H71.6.2. H71.6.2. Gold tint as sign of royalty. India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.7. H71.7. Child born with chain around neck: sign of royalty. *Type 707; BP I 432, II 380ff.; Todd MLN VI 7; Wesselski Mдrchen 174 No. 64; Wells Manual 96 (Chevalere Assigne).

H71.7.1. H71.7.1. Girl born with costly jewels: sign of royalty. India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.7.2. H71.7.2. Prince born with bow of gold and string of silver. India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.8. H71.8. Tears of blood: sign of royalty. Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Inca): Alexander Lat. Am. 252.

H71.9. H71.9. Red teeth as sign of royalty. Africa (Thonga): Junod 231.

H71.10. H71.10. Marvel as sign of royalty. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.10.1. H71.10.1. Tree bows before prince. De Vries FFC LXXIII 329; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.10.2. H71.10.2. Water stands still before prince. De Vries FFC LXXIII 329.

H71.10.3. H71.10.3. Frogs croak at prince‘s command. De Vries FFC LXXIII 330.

H71.10.4. H71.10.4. Chariot horses spring at anyone who is not entitled to throne. Irish myth: *Cross.

H71.10.5. H71.10.5. Two blocks of stone that move apart to allow passage of chariot of true king. Irish myth: *Cross.

H71.10.6. H71.10.6. Stone screams under feet of legitimate king. Irish myth: Cross.

H71.10.7. H71.10.7. Arrows turn aside for prince (king). India: Thompson-Balys.

H71.11. H71.11. Gold in stool as sign of royalty. India: Thompson-Balys:

H75. H75. Identification by a hair.

H75.1. H75.1. Identification by hair found floating on water. *Type 531; *BP III 31 n. 1. 33; **Golther ”Die Jungfrau mit den goldenen Haaren“ Studien zur Literaturgeschichte M. Bernays gewidmet (Leipzig, 1893).--N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 355 n. 281.

H75.2. H75.2. Identification by hair dropped by bird. *Type 531; *BP III 31 n. 1, 33; **Golther ibid.

H75.3. H75.3. Recognition by hair found in a fish which has swallowed it. India: Thompson-Balys.

H75.4. H75.4. Recognition by golden hair. Types 314, 502; BP II 275.--Icelandic: Boberg.

H75.5. H75.5. Identification by wolf’s hair. Icelandic: Boberg.

H75.6. H75.6. Recognition by missing hair. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 187, 189, Thalbitzer 7.

H75.7. H75.7. Recognition of murderers by their short hair. Tonga: Gifford 34.

H78. H78. Recognition by feather.

H78.1. H78.1. Youth shoots raven and takes feather to raven‘s sister as token. *Type 553.

H78.2. H78.2. Identification by feather taken from hero when he was transformed to bird. *Type 665.

H79. H79. Recognition by physical attributes--miscellaneous. Jewish: *Neuman.

H79.1. H79.1. Troll’s daughter after being cooked in kettle recognized by golden fingernail. Fb ”guldnagle“ I 514.

H79.2. H79.2. Identification of man by his little toe. Chinese: Werner 337.

H79.3. H79.3. Recognition by voice. Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H79.4. H79.4. Recognition by smile. Sultan frees prisoner when he recognizes him as a former aid. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H79.5. H79.5. Identification of man by his skull. Irish myth: Cross.

H79.6. H79.6. Recognition by large breasts that woman in bed is not husband‘s wife. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 35.

H79.7. H79.7. Recognition of monk by his large organ. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 15.

H79.8. H79.8. Identity established because one of man’s teeth is blue. India: Thompson-Balys.

H80--H149.

H80--H149. IDENTIFICATION BY TOKENS

H80. H80. Identification by tokens. Types 300, 301, 304, 306, 873; English: Child V 499 s.v. ”tokens“; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18; Greek: Fox 71; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H80.1. H80.1. True redeemers to be recognized by tokens. Jewish: *Neuman.

H81. H81. Clandestine lover recognized by tokens.

H81.1. H81.1. Hero lies by sleeping girl and leaves identification token with her. *Types 304, 550, 551; *BP II 505; *Fb ”sove“ III 472a; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 26; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H81.1.1. H81.1.1. Hero takes token from sleeping princess. Type 304; BP II 505; German: Grimm No. 111.

H81.2. H81.2. Clandestine visit of princess to hero betrayed by token. *Type 851; BP I 197; India: Thompson-Balys.

H81.3. H81.3. Clandestine visit of lover to queen betrayed by token. Icelandic: Boberg.

H82. H82. Identifying tokens sent with messenger. English: Child V 499 s.v. ”tokens“; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H82.1. H82.1. Tokens sent to jailor as warrant of king‘s authority. English: Child V 499 s.v. ”tokens“.

H82.2. H82.2. Marriage tokens identifying lover. English: Child V 499 s.v. ”tokens“; Icelandic: Boberg.

H82.3. H82.3. Tokens between lovers. (Cf. H105.6.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

H82.4. H82.4. Ring sent from husband to wife as token that he has been baptized, and that she should also be. Icelandic: Boberg.

H82.5. H82.5. Token sent as warning. Icelandic: Boberg.

H82.6. H82.6. Token sent with youth to relatives, that they may take care of him. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H83. H83. Rescue tokens. Proof that hero has succeeded in rescue. (Cf. H105, H105.1, H105.2.) *Types 300, 301, 304, 306; *Hartland Perseus III 203ff. (list of tokens).

H84. H84. Tokens of exploits.

H84.1. H84.1. Branches broken from tree to prove journey. Type 306; German: Grimm No. 133.

H84.2. H84.2. Cup taken as proof that one has been present at feast. Type 306; German: Grimm No. 133.

H84.3. H84.3. Flail substantiates story of witnessing threshing in heaven. Type 852; German: Grimm No. 112.

H84.4. H84.4. Stolen ring as proof of daring theft. German: Grimm No. 192.

H85. H85. Captive sends token of safety. Africa (Swahili): Steere 143, (Zulu): Callaway 221.

H86. H86. Inscribed name on article as token of ownership. (Cf. H94.10.) German: Grimm Nos. 60, 101, 111.

H86.1. H86.1. Saber with king’s name inscribed on it. German: Grimm No. 111.

H86.2. H86.2. Articles of clothing with name embroidered on them taken as tokens. German: Grimm No. 111.

H86.3. H86.3. Ring with names inscribed on it. German: Grimm No. 101.

H86.4. H86.4. Handkerchief with name on it. German: Grimm No. 60.

H87. H87. Garlands (flowers) as token. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H88. H88. Recognition by tokens left as trail. Irish myth: *Cross.

H90. H90. Identification by ornaments. *Type 870A; India: Thompson-Balys.

H91. H91. Recognition through precious metal.

H91.1. H91.1. Recognition through gold found in eagle‘s nest. English: Wells 114 (Sir Isumbras).

H91.2. H91.2. Recognition by gold wrapped in mantle. *Hibbard 9.

H91.3. H91.3. Identification by producing three golden apples. German: Grimm No. 136.

H92. H92. Identification by necklace. *Types 450, 870, 870A; *BP I 79ff., III 443ff., 445; *Fb ”guldkjжde“ IV 192a; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 514.

H93. H93. Identification by jewel. French: Cosquin Lorraine I 220 n.; Hindu: Tawney I 170.

H93.0.1. H93.0.1. Recognition by smell of jewels worn about neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

H94. H94. Identification by ring. *Types 301, 304, 882; *BP II 348; Thien Motive 33; *Fb ”ring“ III 60a; *Hartland Perseus III 207ff.; Liungman Tvе Folkeminnes. 25 n. 1; Saintyves Perrault 204ff.; Irish myth: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 26; English: Wells 9ff. (Horn Childe and Maiden Rimnild), 73 (Sir Percyvelle of Galles), 80 (Sir Tristrem); Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 181; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 3; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer II 76f., Tawney I 142 n., II 620; Chinese: Graham.

H94.0.1. H94.0.1. Recognition of wife’s ring in friend‘s possession informs husband of her unfaithfulness. Heptameron No. 8.

H94.1. H94.1. Identification by ring baked in cake. *Type 400.

H94.2. H94.2. Identification by ring baked in bread. *Type 510; *Fb ”ring“ III 60a; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”bague“.

H94.3. H94.3. Identification by ring dropped in pitcher of wine. Penzer II 76 n. 1.

H94.4. H94.4. Identification by ring dropped in glass (cup) of wine. *Types 400, 506, 510; *Fb ”guldring“ I 514b, ”ring“ III 60a; *BP II 348; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 111 No. 95; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 53, Beal XXI 320; English: Wells 9 (King Horn), Child V 493 s.v. ”ring.

H94.5. H94.5. Identification through broken ring. (Cf. H100.) The two parts of the ring fit together. Type 361, BP II 428; *Fb “guldring” I 514b, “ring” III No. 95; Heptameron No. 24; Kцhler-Bolte I 585; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 111 No. 95; Icelandic: Boberg; English: Child V 493 “ring”; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 210.

H94.6. H94.6. Recognition through arm-ring. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 227 No. 40.

H94.7. H94.7. Recognition by ring springing off finger. Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 9.

H94.8. H94.8. Recognition by medallion (plaque). Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H94.9. H94.9. Identification through ring concealed in garland. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H94.10. H94.10. Recognition through gold ring with owner‘s name engraved on it. (Cf. H88.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H94.11. H94.11. Recognition by earrings. Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 35.

H95. H95. Recognition by bracelet. Chinese: Graham.

H96. H96. Identification by amulet. (Cf. D1070.) Jewish: Neuman.

H100. H100. Identification by matching parts of divided token. Icelandic: Boberg.

H101. H101. Identification by broken weapon. Point of weapon broken off. Later found to match rest of weapon. English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem); Icelandic: Ragnarssaga Loрbrуkar 118, Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18f.; Indonesia: cf. De Vries’s list No. 163.

H101.1. H101.1. Identification by matching weapon with wound. Africa (Chaga): Stamberg ZsES XXI 296ff., Gutmann 82f. No. 41, (Ganda): Baskerville 1ff.

H102. H102. Identification by indenture. Each of two persons keeps his half of a contract which has been torn in two. Fitting of the halves brings about recognition. English: Child II 499b.

H102.1. H102.1. Identification by fitting together two pieces of parchment. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H103. H103. Pieces taken from flags serve to identify. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “drapeau”.

H105. H105. Parts of slain animals as token of slaying. *Hartland Perseus III 207; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 242b. nn. 37--47; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 343 No. 59.

H105.1. H105.1. Dragon-tongue proof. Dragon slayer cuts out the tongues and uses them later to prove his identity as slayer. *Types 300, 303; *Hartland Perseus III 203ff.; **Ranke FFC CXIV 251ff.; *BP I 534ff., 548; Fb “tunge” III 893b; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 242a nn. 24--47; Schoepperle I 204 n. 3; Irish myth: Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 7, 18f.; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 63 n. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 323ff.; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 278 No. 90.

H105.1.1. H105.1.1. False dragon-head proof. Impostor cuts off dragon heads (after tongues have been removed) and attempts to use them as proof of slaying the dragon. *Type 300; *BP I 534ff. and all references to H105.1; *Parsons FL XXXII 194ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H105.2. H105.2. Tongue as proof that man has been murdered. *Fb “tunge” III 894a; India: Thompson-Balys.

H105.2.1. H105.2.1. Tongue of slain giant as proof of slaying. Icelandic: Boberg.

H105.3. H105.3. Arm of monster kept as token of innocence of dog. Scottish: Campbell-McKay.

H105.4. H105.4. Head of monster as token (proof) of slaying. Africa (Ronga): Junod Les Chants et les Contes des Ba-Ronga (Lausanne, 1897) 317ff. No. 30.

H105.4.1. H105.4.1. Monster‘s beard as proof of visit. Type 461; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 602, *Boberg.

H105.5. H105.5. Ears, fingers and noses of demons cut off as proof of killing them. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H105.5.1. H105.5.1. Recognition of tiger-slayer by tips of ears, nose, and tail of tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

H105.5.2. H105.5.2. Teeth and fingernails of slain cyclops taken as proof. India: Thompson-Balys.

H105.5.3. H105.5.3. Beak and claws of slain monster as proof of slaying. Icelandic: Boberg.

H105.5.4. H105.5.4. Abandoned son shows claws and tail of tiger to which his parents have exposed him. India: Thompson-Balys.

H105.6. H105.6. Identification between lovers by matching claw and leg of dragon. Icelandic: Boberg.

H105.7. H105.7. Sex organs of enemy as proof of slaying. Jewish: Neuman.

H106. H106. Identification by severed limbs. (Cf. also H105.)

H106.1. H106.1. Identification by severed hand. India: Thompson-Balys.

H106.2. H106.2. Severed head as proof of killing. Type 507B (H. C. Andersen Rejsekammeraten); Icelandic: *Boberg; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H110. H110. Identification by cloth or clothing.

H111. H111. Identification by garment. *Types 301, 510B, 451; English: Wells 116 (Sir Eglamour of Artois), 126 (Lai le Freine); Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Africa (Benga): Nassau 229 No. 34.

H111.1. H111.1. Identification by royal garments. Burton Nights S VII 108; English: Wells 126 (Lai la Freine).

H111.2. H111.2. Identification by feather cloak. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 420, 479.

H112. H112. Identification by scarf. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “foulard”.

H113. H113. Identification by handkerchief. *Types 300, 301; *Hartland Perseus III 206ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mouchoir”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H114. H114. Identification by glove. English: Wells 134 (Sir Degare); Icelandic: Boberg.

H115. H115. Identification by veil. *Hartland Perseus III 206.

H116. H116. Identification by girdle. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H117. H117. Identification by cut garment. Garment is cut and fragment taken as token. *Types 304, 851; *BP I 197, II 505; *Hartland Perseus 208ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

H118. H118. Identification by shred of garment of rescued princess used as bandage for wound. Irish myth: *Cross.

H119. H119. Identification by cloth or clothing--miscellaneous.

H119.1. H119.1. A piece of cloth on one’s back as a guarantee against his being eaten on the way. India: Thompson-Balys.

H119.2. H119.2. Needle left in garment of husband by abducted wife as sign. Chinese: Graham.

H120. H120. Identification by tokens--miscellaneous.

H121. H121. Identification by cup. English: Wells 158 (Amis and Amiloun); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H125. H125. Identification by weapons. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H125.1. H125.1. Identification by sword. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 100 (Theseus).

H125.2. H125.2. Identification by spear. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 416.

H125.3. H125.3. Identification by war-club. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 508.

H125.4. H125.4. Recognition by dart. Maori: Beckwith Myth 482.

H126. H126. Identification by coat of arms. English: Wells 117 (Sir Torrent of Portyngale).

H131. H131. Identification by axe. Recognition by axe which man bears. Fb “шkse” III 1171b.

H132. H132. Recognition by knife. Man who is werwolf recognized by knife which was carried away by the wolf. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 74; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 131 No. 74.

H133. H133. Recognition by calabash. Slave recognizes calabash and knows that girl lives. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 27.

H134. H134. Recognition through books. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H135. H135. Leaf (chip) sent down stream as a warning to one below. (Cf. H35.4.) Child I 40b, 487a; *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt 301ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

H135.1. H135.1. Recognition by trimmed leaf thrown from tree hiding place. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Nyanja): Rattray Some Folk-Lore Stories (London, 1907) 149ff. No. 24, (Chaga): Stamberg ZsES XXIII 296ff.

H135.2. H135.2. Milk poured into stream as signal. Irish myth: Cross.

H142. H142. Recognition by token--mouth-harp left by bed. Chinese: Graham.

H145. H145. Identification by magic hand. India: Thompson-Balys.

H147. H147. Recognition by tobacco-pipe. Chinese: Graham (H107).

H150. H150. Circumstances of recognition. Missouri French: Carriиre.

H151. H151. Attention drawn and recognition follows.

H151.1. H151.1. Attention drawn by magic objects: recognition follows. *Type 707; *BP II 380ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H151.1.1. H151.1.1. Attention drawn by playing marbles with remarkable jewel. India: Thompson-Balys.

H151.1.2. H151.1.2. Attention drawn by gold and silver decorated mouse: as princess turns after it, suitor recognizes her. Icelandic: Boberg.

H151.1.3. H151.1.3. Recognition by ability to perform marvels. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H151.2. H151.2. Attention drawn by helpful animal‘s theft of food from wedding table; recognition follows. *Type 301, 900; BP I 443ff.; *Philippson FFC L 53; *Fb “mad” II 525a.

H151.3. H151.3. Recognition when parents come to son (priest, pope) to be confessed. *Type 933; *Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 173 (to Gonzenbach No. 85); *Baum PMLA XXXI 562 n. 59; Japanese: Ikeda.

H151.4. H151.4. Recognition by cup in sack: alleged stolen goods. Cup is placed in the sack of Joseph’s brethren, they are accused of theft; this gives occasion for recognition. *BP I 489; *Fb “sжk” III 720b, “bжger” IV 83a; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 10; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H151.5. H151.5. Attention attracted by hints dropped by heroine as menial: recognition follows. *Type 510; India: Thompson-Balys.

H151.6. H151.6. Heroine in menial disguise discovered in her beautiful clothes: recognition follows. *Type 510; India: Thompson-Balys.

H151.6.1. H151.6.1. Enchanted heroine seen temporarily disenchanted: recognition follows. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 6.

H151.6.2. H151.6.2. Recognition because of imperfection of disguise. Type 510; German: Grimm No. 152.

H151.7. H151.7. Hero‘s power to transform girl to carnation brings about recognition. *Type 652.

H151.8. H151.8. Husband attracted by wife’s power of healing: recognition follows. *Type 712.

H151.9. H151.9. Abandoned child joins parents in game: recognition follows. Oceanic (New Zealand, Melanesia): Dixon 42 n. 10.

H151.9.1. H151.9.1. Abandoned child recognized in game. India: Thompson-Balys.

H151.10. H151.10. Combat of unknown brothers brings about recognition. Dickson 108 n. 18; Icelandic: Boberg.

H151.11. H151.11. Hero is served at table by his unknown son: recognition of his wife follows. English: Wells 130 (Emare). Cf. Chaucer‘s Man of Law’s Tale.

H151.12. H151.12. Geese tell of beauty of their mistress and bring about recognition. *Type 533; Kцhler-Bolte I 347; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7.

H151.13. H151.13. Disguised hero‘s golden hair discovered by spying princess. Type 314.

H151.14. H151.14. Tears fall on person below and indicate presence of those above (on cliff, tree, etc.).

H151.14.1. H151.14.1. Recognition by tear falling from tree where girl has been abandoned. India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 77.

H151.15. H151.15. Seller of trinkets tells of heroine’s address of son as “tiger‘s son” and brings about recognition of true bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

H152. H152. Recognition through accidental encounter.

H152.1. H152.1. Poor people given alms: one of them recognized. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H152.1.1. H152.1.1. Woman entertains every traveler in the hope of finding her husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

H152.2. H152.2. Impoverished husband in service of wife recognized. India: Thompson-Balys.

H152.3. H152.3. Abandoned wife recognized among workers. India: Thompson-Balys.

H153. H153. Outcast wife (children) builds castle identical with king‘s, invites him, and is recognized. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H154. H154. Recognition of abandoned child when parent comes to him for relief from famine. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H155. H155. Abandoned queen invites all to forest, gives appropriate food to her persecutors, and is recognized. India: Thompson-Balys.

H157. H157. King finds note with children in casket floated down river identifying them as his. (Cf. S141.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 526.

H161. H161. Recognition of transformed person among identical companions. Prearranged signals. *Type 313, 325; *BP II 29, 516ff.; *Fb “hest” I 598b; *Kцhler to Gonzenbach II 246.--Missouri French: Carriиre; Hindu: Keith 142; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 340 n. 224.

H161.0.1. H161.0.1. Recognition of person among identical companions. Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Graham.

H162. H162. Recognition of disguised princess by bee lighting on her. Fb “bi” IV 36b; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H162.1. H162.1. Insect points out deity by settling where he is. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 18.

H162.2. H162.2. King selected by having a cricket light on his head. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H162.3. H162.3. Recognition of disguised princess by bull. Africa (Madagascar): Renel I 144ff. No. 26, 148ff. No. 27.

H163. H163. Recognition of own cow in herd of twenty thousand. Hornet helper. Africa: Werner African 154.

H165. H165. Father recognizes son after having thrown him in oven. Marquesas: Beckwith Myth 482.

H171. H171. Animal (object) indicates election of ruler. *Egerton JAOS XXXIII 158; *Chauvin VI 75 No. 239; Irish: Beal XXI 309.

H171.1. H171.1. King selected by elephant’s bowing to him. *Penzer V 175ff.; *Hartland Ritual and Belief (1914) 290ff.; *Christiansen FFC XXIV 124; Paris Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 6 n. 8.--India: *Thompson-Balys.

H171.1.1. H171.1.1. Elephant raises girl three times to be king‘s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

H171.2. H171.2. Bird indicates election of king (pope). *Type 671; *BP I 325; Fb “pave” II 793a; *Loomis White Magic 66; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H171.3. H171.3. Horse indicates election of emperor. *Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 157; Penzer IV 104, V 176; Herodotus II cap. 84--87; Herbert III 210; Oesterley No. 270.

H171.4. H171.4. Man before whom riderless car stops chosen king. *Penzer V 175ff.

H171.4.1. H171.4.1. Man before whom oxen stop chosen king. India: Thompson-Balys.

H171.5. H171.5. Stone of destiny (Lia Fбil). Roars out under rightful king. (Cf. H71.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H171.6. H171.6. Pope selected by chair moving toward candidate. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 27 (b).

H172. H172. Animal will serve only certain man.

H172.1. H172.1. Horse will permit only certain man to ride him. India: Thompson-Balys.

H173. H173. Disguised man recognized by dog. Greek: Fox 139; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H173.1. H173.1. Chieftain recognized by faithful swineherd. Irish myth: Cross.

H173.2. H173.2. Chieftain recognized by former captive. Irish myth: Cross.

H173.3. H173.3. Animal first to recognize his returned master. *Boje 105, 108ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

H175. H175. Recognition by “force of nature”. Unknown member of family immediately and magically recognized. *Dickson 16f., 69 n. 17; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 86.

H175.1. H175.1. Recognition of son by gushing up of milk in mother‘s breasts. *Cosquin Йtudes 199ff., 238; *Chauvin V 13 No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H175.2. H175.2. Child mystically recognizes woman as his mother. Chinese: Graham.

H175.3. H175.3. Sick prince‘s pulse beats violently when his loved one passes by. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H175.4. H175.4. Fire issues spontaneously from fireless hearth when man approaches. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H175.5. H175.5. Ghost of unknown child passes over heads of parents and bursts in a spray of blood. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 183.

H181. H181. Recognition by unmasking. *Type 900; India: Thompson-Balys.

H182. H182. Beating brings about outcry and recognition. India: Thompson-Balys.

H183. H183. Identification by nurse. Long-missing person identified by his childhood nurse. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H184. H184. Recognition by miraculous sight of seer (saint). Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 119 (Cassandra).

H186. H186. Hero spits twice at his wife as sign of recognition. Chinese: Graham.

H187. H187. Recognition by servant: saves master from death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H188. H188. Princess appears before crane (who had demanded her in marriage) and is recognized by him despite loathly disguise. India: Thompson-Balys.

H192. H192. Recognition by supernatural manifestation. Jewish: Neuman.

H192.1. H192.1. Recognition of man acceptable to God: knife leaps into his hand. Jewish: *Neuman.

H200--H299.

H200--H299. Tests of truth.

H210--H239.

H210--H239. TESTS OF GUILT OR INNOCENCE

H210. H210. Test of guilt or innocence. Icelandic: Boberg.

H210.1. H210.1. Guilt or innocence of souls tested by bridge. Irish myth: Cross.

H211. H211. Criminal detected by having child hand knife to him. *Type 950; Kцhler-Bolte I 202.

H215. H215. Magic manifestation at execution proves innocence. Types 451, 710; Irish: Beal XXI 316; German: Grimm Nos. 3, 6, 120; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H215.1. H215.1. Sword magically changed to wood when executioner is to decapitate innocent person. Chauvin V 173 No. 96 n. 1.

H215.2. H215.2. Gallows rope breaks when innocent person is hanged. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 44.

H215.3. H215.3. Grass refuses to grow: indication of innocence of man hanged there. (Cf. E631.2, F974.) U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

H215.4. H215.4. Ineradicable handprint as indication of innocence. (Cf. D1654.3.) U.S.: Baughman.

H216. H216. Indications of innocence.

H216.1. H216.1. Garden filled with flowers on innocent girl’s approach. India: Thompson-Balys.

H216.2. H216.2. Voice from heaven testifies to innocence of accused. (Cf. F966.) Jewish: *Neuman.

H216.3. H216.3. Church door opens magically, as proof of priest‘s innocence. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 29.

H217. H217. Decision made by contest. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 195; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 137.

H217.1. H217.1. Decision of victory by single combat between army leaders. (Cf. H218.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

H217.2. H217.2. Decision by single combat or holmgang of who is to marry girl. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H217.3. H217.3. Holmgang to decide owner of gold. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H217.4. H217.4. Holmgang to decide who is to be king. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H218. H218. Trial by combat. Guilt or innocence established in judicial combat. Thien Motive 41f.; *Schoepperle II 338ff.; Dickson 74, 77 n. 38, 78 n. 40, 130f., 153, 174, 226; *Ashdown Modern Lang. Review XVII 113ff.; Bell ibid XVIII 22ff.; *Boje 88; *Hibbard 35ff., 132 n. 11.--Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child V 490 s.v. “ordeal”, Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne); Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Tawney I 396.

H218.0.1. H218.0.1. Vindication by champion. Usually noble lady or king accused. Child II 34--48, 508a, 510b. See also most references to H218.

H218.1. H218.1. Judicial combat interrupted by friends of loser. *Dickson 79 n. 40.

H218.2. H218.2. Wrestling to test legitimacy of son. India: Thompson-Balys.

H220. H220. Ordeals. Guilt or innocence thus established. **Patetta Le Ordalie (1890). *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 994ff.; Penzer VIII 196 n.; Keith Encyc. Relig. Eth. s.v. “ordeal”; Basset RTP XVII 397, 597, XIX 156ff., XXIII 182.--Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 317; English: Child V 490 “ordeal”; Icelandic: Boberg; West Indies: Flowers 455.

H221. H221. Ordeal by fire. Suspected person must pass through or jump over fire to determine guilt or innocence. Basset RTP VI 631; Scala Celi 6b, 46b Nos. 38, 259; Herbert III 605f., Alphabet Nos. 69, 221, 434; *Gaster Exempla 191 No. 28.--Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 71; English: Child V 490 s.v. “ordeal”; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 128; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Ehrenreich Int. Cong. Americanists XIV 661; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 248 No. 42; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 238 No. 9.

H221.1. H221.1. Ordeal by burning coal. Basset RTP VII 284; Jewish: Neuman.

H221.1.1. H221.1.1. Ordeal: carrying live coals in robe or cloak without harm to garment or bearer. *Loomis White Magic 34.

H221.1.2. H221.1.2. Sanctity of person tested by survival in burning house. Irish myth: *Cross.

H221.1.3. H221.1.3. Sanctity of books tested by throwing them into fire. Irish myth: *Cross.

H221.2. H221.2. Ordeal by hot iron. *Penzer VIII 195 n. 3, 196 n.; Basset RTP VII 284, 615, VIII 20, 431, 561; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

H221.2.1. H221.2.1. Ordeal: virgin to pull on hot iron and name men. Only with guilty will she and he be burnt. India: Thompson-Balys.

H221.2.2. H221.2.2. Ordeal by red-hot iron applied by druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

H221.3. H221.3. Ordeal by burning oil. Basset RTP VII 282, VIII 20; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 22.

H221.4. H221.4. Ordeal by boiling water. Basset RTP VII 281, 616, VIII 561; Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 50, Beal XXI 318; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H221.5. H221.5. Ordeal by spitting. Extinguishing fire is proof of innocence. England: *Baughman.

H222. H222. Ordeal by water. Guilt or innocence shown by ability to swim. *Kittredge Witchcraft 232ff., 536ff.; Penzer VIII 195f.; Basset RTP VII 285; *Fb “svшmme” III 695b, “vand” III 999b, “vandprшve” III 1005b; Loomis White Magic 41.--Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Pausanias III 388; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3664; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 456.

H222.0.1. H222.0.1. Ordeal by water applied by druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

H222.1. H222.1. Legitimacy of children tested by dipping them in river. English: Child I 271 n.

H222.2. H222.2. Ordeal by holy water. If simpleton closes his eyes to holy water he is possessed; if he laughs he is merely an idiot. U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H222.3. H222.3. Guilt or innocence shown by effect of enchanted water. Irish myth: Cross.

H222.4. H222.4. Sanctity of books tested by throwing them into water. Irish myth: Cross.

H223. H223. Ordeal by poison. Penzer VIII 196 n.; Basset RTP VI 631, VII 278, 616; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

H224. H224. Ordeal by crocodiles (snakes). Judgment depends on whether person is devoured or rejected by crocodiles. Basset RTP VII 286; English: Child V 490 “ordeal.”

H224.1. H224.1. Ordeal by kissing poisonous serpents. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 46.

H225. H225. Ordeal by rope-walking. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 182, (Ekoi): Talbot 402; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 238 No. 9.

H225.1. H225.1. Ordeal: walking on ladder of knives. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 22.

H225.2. H225.2. Ordeal: walking on eggs. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 22.

H226. H226. Ordeal by balance. Defendant is weighed twice. He must be lighter second time. *Penzer VIII 195 n. 3.

H227. H227. Ordeal: carrying murdered man’s blood. Must not spill it. Fb “blod” IV 47b.

H228. H228. Ordeal by creeping under a sod partially detached from the earth without its falling down. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H232. H232. Ordeal by bread and cheese. Declaration: if I am not innocent may I choke on bread and cheese. Kittredge Witchcraft 237f., 543 nn. 85--91; England: *Baughman.

H233. H233. Ordeal: taking stone out of bucket. Color indicates guilt or innocence. Irish myth: *Cross.

H233.1. H233.1. Ordeal: names of suspected persons are placed in chalice on altar: the one to whom the lot falls is guilty. Irish myth: Cross.

H234. H234. Scales test: weighing witch against Bible. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

H235. H235. Ordeal: cock under pot crows when guilty person touches pot. England: *Baughman.

H236. H236. Ordeal by exposure. (Cf. S141, S331.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H240. H240. Other tests of truth. Icelandic: Boberg.

H241. H241. Worn-out shoes as proof of long journey. *Kцhler-Bolte I 574f.; Fb “sko” III 288b; Icelandic: Saga och Sed 1940 p. 35, *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 114.

H242. H242. Credential tests: proof that messenger comes from certain person. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 75 No. 16.

H242.1. H242.1. Riding speckled horse as credential test. Irish myth: Cross.

H243. H243. Nature fruitless if false judgment is passed. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H244. H244. Person magically disfigured when he speaks falsely. Irish myth: *Cross.

H245. H245. Casting lots as truth test. Irish myth: *Cross.

H245.1. H245.1. Incantation which when recited over certain “lots” causes them to distinguish between guilt and innocence. Irish myth: Cross.

H248. H248. Test of death: to see whether person is dead or feigning. English: Child V 3, 6, 498 s.v. “tests”; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 16ff. Nos. 1, 3, 3 version 2; (Basuto): Jacottet 14 No. 1.

H248.1. H248.1. Sham-dead person tested by hot lead poured on hand. *Wesselski Mдrchen 197.

H248.2. H248.2. Sham dead tested by stinging insects down back. Africa (Yaunde): Heepe 253ff. No. 31.

H248.2.1. H248.2.1. Crocodile masking as dead obeys suggestion that he make flesh quiver. India: Thompson-Balys.

H248.3. H248.3. Sham dead tested by pricking. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman.

H248.4. H248.4. Test of death by putting burning wood in the mouth of fallen warriors. Icelandic: Boberg.

H248.5. H248.5. Sham dead detected by batting eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

H251. H251. Test of truth by magic object.

H251.1. H251.1. Bocca della Veritа. Person swearing oath places hand in mouth of image. If oath is false the hand is bitten off. *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 216; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 8, 206; *Krappe Nuovi Studi Medievali II fasc. I (1925); *Spargo Virgil the Necromancer 207ff.; English: Child I 269, 270 n., cf. Alphabet No. 418; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H251.1.1. H251.1.1. Oath of truth before magic lion. If oath is false perjurer is dismembered. India: Thompson-Balys.

H251.2. H251.2. Stone of truth. When one stands on it he must utter truth. Fb “sten” III 554b; *Loomis White Magic 132.--Irish: Plummer clvii, *Cross.

H251.2.1. H251.2.1. Stone cannot be moved by one who speaks falsehood. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.2.2. H251.2.2. Magic stone detects perjury: sheds water. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.2.3. H251.2.3. Stone on which saint was born pours forth water when perjury is committed under it. “But if (the) oath be true, the stone remains in its proper nature.” Irish myth: Cross.

H251.3. H251.3. Other magic object tests truth.

H251.3.1. H251.3.1. Tree tests perjury. Irish: Plummer cliii, Cross.

H251.3.2. H251.3.2. Thief detected by psalter and key. Closed Bible with key inside at magic text loosely held by diviner and client. Name of suspected thief on end of key. As verse is spoken, if name is that of thief, book and key will turn around. Kittredge Witchcraft 196 nn. 65--82.

H251.3.3. H251.3.3. Thief detected by sieve and shears. Sieve put on open shears and then grasped by two fingers so as to balance. Charm recited. If sieve trembles when name is called, that person is guilty. Kittredge Witchcraft 198ff. nn. 83--94; England: Baughman; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1900) 389ff., (1936) 188ff.

H251.3.4. H251.3.4. Stick with money in it breaks and betrays thief who swears his innocence. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 248a; *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII 78; Chauvin II 129; BP IV 323, 389; Jewish: Gaster Exempla No. 121, *Neuman.

H251.3.5. H251.3.5. Oath taken before image. If oath is false the image turns around (or changes color). Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H251.3.6. H251.3.6. Chain around neck tests truth. Tightens when wearer speaks falsehood. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.3.7. H251.3.7. Magic object cast on water sinks if person is guilty. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.3.8. H251.3.8. Magic object clings to hand of guilty person. Irish myth: *Cross.

H251.3.9. H251.3.9. Magic spring detects perjury: disfigures perjurer. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.3.9.1. H251.3.9.1. Magic spring detects parricide and idolatry. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.3.9.2. H251.3.9.2. Well rises for sheep only for rightful owner. Jewish: Neuman.

H251.3.10. H251.3.10. False judgment by judge causes fruit to fall. Just judgment by judge causes fruit to be perfect. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.3.11. H251.3.11. Pig that can be boiled only after four true stories are told. Irish myth: *Cross.

H251.3.12. H251.3.12. Truth-testing vessel. Irish myth: *Cross.

H251.3.13. H251.3.13. Magic cup as test of truth and falsehood. Irish myth: Cross.

H251.3.14. H251.3.14. Calumniated princess’ dead body fails to rot; accuser repudiated. India: Thompson-Balys.

H252. H252. Act of truth. Person asserts a thing as true declaring: “If my words are true, may this or that happen.” W. J. Rees Lives of the Cambro-British Saints 193; J. P. Collier Old Shakespeare Society XIV 82; Alphabet Nos. 35, 486; *Burlingame Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (July 1917) 429ff.; Fb “ildebrand” II 13.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, *Penzer II 31ff., III 179ff., IV 239 n. 3; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 23, 96, 151, 490, 531, 707, 832, II 412, 473, 614, 679, 816, 841, 933, 1060, 1098, 1153, 1258.

H252.0.1. H252.0.1. Test: telling true stories. Irish myth: *Cross.

H252.1. H252.1. Placing hand on genitals as test of truth. Irish myth: Cross.

H252.2. H252.2. Amount of blood in spittle as test of complete subjection. Incomplete till all is blood. Irish myth: Cross.

H252.3. H252.3. If oath is false, fruit will fall. (Cf. H251.3.10.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H252.4. H252.4. Oath taken on boy‘s head: boy to die if false. India: Thompson-Balys.

H252.4.1. H252.4.1. Act of truth: boy falls dead though what has been said is the truth; when lie is told he is resuscitated. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H252.4.2. H252.4.2. Women swear falsely by their husbands and children, who immediately fall dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

H252.5. H252.5. Act of truth: island sinks into sea, after hanging of man who has appealed to God to cause the phenomenon as indication of his innocence. (Cf. F948.) U.S.: *Baughman.

H252.6. H252.6. Act of truth: cursed church clock never runs correctly. England: Baughman.

H253. H253. Oaths before gods as test of truth. Chinese: Werner 403.

H255. H255. Test: which of twins is elder. Younger unthinkingly hands chopsticks to elder and thus betrays his junior rank. Burmese: Scott Indo-Chinese 356.

H256. H256. Test of innocence: apple and gold offered. Innocent person takes apple. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 93a; BP I 203, III 236.

H256.1. H256.1. Test of child’s innocence: onyx stone and coal of fire offered. (Cf. H501.) Jewish: Neuman.

H257. H257. Holiness of saint tested: asked to perform miracles. India: Thompson-Balys.

H257.1. H257.1. Grade of holiness tested: one whose candle burns down first. *Loomis White Magic 129.

H261. H261. Gold in the Bible. A man professes to be a great Bible reader. King leaves a piece of money in the Bible. On his next visit it is still there. Anderson FFC XLII 361. Cf. Type 1453.

H263. H263. Test of sin. Irish myth: Cross.

H263.1. H263.1. Exposure in boat as test of sin. Irish myth: Cross.

H264. H264. Footsteps in manure (dust) as proof that dead man has walked. Chinese: Graham.

H300--H499.

H300--H499. Marriage tests.

H300. H300. Tests connected with marriage.

H301. H301. Excessive demands to prevent marriage. *Chauvin V 63 No. 19 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H305. H305. Task: to win ogress‘ daughter for a bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

H310--H359.

H310--H359. SUITOR TESTS

H310. H310. Suitor tests. A suitor is put to severe tests by his prospective bride or father-in-law. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells 16 (Guy of Warwick); Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 187; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 324 n. 170, 328 n. 186; S. A. Indian (Tropical Forests): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55, (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 264; Africa: Werner African 153f., (Benga): Nassau 227 No. 34.

H310.1. H310.1. Tests for hero, husband of supernatural (divine) wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

H310.2. H310.2. Brother unwittingly qualifies as bridegroom of sister in test. India: Thompson-Balys.

H311. H311. Inspection test for suitors. Suitors for princess’s hand must present themselves for public inspection. (Cf. H362, T55.7.) Types 314, 502; BP III 111; Krappe Revue Hispanique LXXXI 5ff.; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 104, *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H312. H312. Physical and mental requirements for suitors. Penzer III 66; Irish myth: *Cross; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 106 n. 1.

H312.1. H312.1. Successful suitor to be without blotches. Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 69 No. 15; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 272 No. 85.

H312.2. H312.2. Successful suitor must have gold teeth. *Fb “tand” III 771a; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 93; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 1.

H312.3. H312.3. Suitors chosen with feet as only part seen. Icelandic: Boberg.

H312.4. H312.4. Successful suitor must have whitest hands. Blacksmith qualifies because of frequent washing of hands. Herbert III 86.

H312.4.1. H312.4.1. Successful suitor must have the prettiest hands; not whitest, but dark with scars and gold rings. Kцhler-Bolte I 90; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H312.5. H312.5. Successful suitor must have cheeks like blood, skin like snow and hair like a raven. (Cf. Z65.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H312.6. H312.6. Suitor test: correct wearing of clothes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H312.7. H312.7. Suitor test: to be able to go through a wall. Chinese: Graham.

H312.8. H312.8. Bridegroom-to-be has to have three pecks, three quarts of gold and an animal with a horn on his head pointing to the sky, and a large red hair. Chinese: Graham.

H313. H313. Suitor test: obedience and humility before bride. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H313.1. H313.1. Princess will marry whoever will give her anything she wishes for a month. India: Thompson-Balys.

H313.2. H313.2. Fairy will marry king only if he will either cut off son‘s head or give up fasting on eleventh day. India: Thompson-Balys.

H314. H314. Suitor’s sincerity tested. Chinese: Werner 272.

H314.1. H314.1. Suitor‘s sincerity tested by reporting girl’s death. All but one make excuses for not helping with funeral. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 85 No. 14.

H314.2. H314.2. Suitor‘s sincerity tested by seven years’ banishment. Heptameron No. 24.

H315. H315. Suitor test: to whom the princess turns. Rival suitors sleep with princess. The one she turns to is to have her. They vie in enticements. *Type 621, 850; Kцhler-Bolte I 428f.

H315.1. H315.1. Suitor test: to make the princess fall in love with him. India: Thompson-Balys.

H315.2. H315.2. Suitor contest: bride offered to suitor giving the token of the greater love. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H316. H316. Suitor test: apple thrown indicates princess‘s choice. (Often golden apple.) *Type 502; *BP III 111; Cosquin Contes Indiens 317ff.; Chauvin VI 3, *201, VIII 151, *Galtier RTP XIV 65; Fb “guldжble” I 516a; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 93a.

H316.1. H316.1. Orange (lemon) thrown to indicate princess’s choice. Cosquin Contes Indiens 317ff.

H316.2. H316.2. Flowers thrown to indicate princess‘s choice. Cosquin Contes Indiens 317ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H316.3. H316.3. Ball (goblet) thrown indicates princess’s choice. Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 216; Persian: Carnoy 341.

H316.4. H316.4. Suitor test: garland thrown indicates girl’s choice. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H316.5. H316.5. Expressing love by throwing little stones. India: Thompson-Balys.

H317. H317. Long term of service imposed on suitor. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H317.1. H317.1. Seven years of service imposed on suitor. Frazer Old Testament II 342--368; English: Wells 149 (The Squyr of Low Degre), Child I 204--6, 255, V 212b; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Cowell Jataka VI 164.

H317.2. H317.2. Two years of silence imposed on suitor. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H317.3. H317.3. Gardener‘s son to marry princess if he remains in prison twelve years. India: Thompson-Balys

H317.4. H317.4. Test of suitor’s love and endurance by constant postponing. Icelandic: Ragnars saga Loрbr. 127--29, Boberg.

H318. H318. Suitor preferred who will pay enormous sum for bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

H321. H321. Suitor test: hiding from princess. She has magic sight. *Types 329, 554; *BP II 365; Kцhler-Bolte I 408.

H322. H322. Suitor test: finding princess. Type 590; Fb “skjule”; cf. Thompson CColl II 393; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 183; Tuamotu: Stimson (z-G. 13/1241); West Indies: Flowers 457.

H322.1. H322.1. Suitor test: finding object hidden by princess. *Type 507A; Irish myth: Cross.

H322.2. H322.2. Suitor test: to get to imprisoned princess in a year‘s time. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H322.3. H322.3. Suitor test: bringing leg that fits into dragon claw left by the beloved of the princess. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H322.4. H322.4. Suitor test: bringing maiden’s lost shoe. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H323. H323. Suitor test: learning girl‘s name. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 45 No. 5.

H324. H324. Suitor test: choosing princess from others identically clad. *Type 554; BP II 28; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Dixon 217; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda.

H324.1. H324.1. Suitor test: choosing sweetheart’s sedan chair from thirty others like it. Chinese: Graham.

H326. H326. Suitor test: skill.

H326.1. H326.1. Suitor test: aptness in handicrafts.

H326.1.1. H326.1.1. Suitor test: constructing automatic peacock. India: Thompson-Balys.

H326.1.2. H326.1.2. Suitor test: skill in archery. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H326.2. H326.2. Suitor test: eating a pomegranate without letting a single seed fall. India: Thompson-Balys.

H326.3. H326.3. Suitor test: skill in hunt. Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XXII 17.

H326.4. H326.4. Suitor test: skill in fishing. India: Thompson-Balys.

H327. H327. Suitor test: cleverness and learning. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H328. H328. Suitor test: power of endurance.

H328.1. H328.1. Suitor test: resisting intoxication after much drinking. India: Thompson-Balys.

H328.2. H328.2. Suitor test: being swung by mustache without shedding tears. India: Thompson-Balys.

H328.3. H328.3. Suitor test: enduring blow from spear. India: Thompson-Balys.

H328.4. H328.4. Suitor test: standing naked in river through a winter night. India: Thompson-Balys.

H328.5. H328.5. Suitor test: bathing in boiling water. India: Thompson-Balys.

H328.6. H328.6. Princess to be married to man who withstands twelve years‘ fight. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331. H331. Suitor contests: bride offered as prize. *Types 513, 514, 900; Philippson FFC L 12f.--Icelandic: Egils saga einhendsa ok Бsmundar Berserkjabana (FAS III) 366; Finnish: Kalevala rune 3; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 9, *Rotunda; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 420; Japanese: Ikeda; Oceanic (New Zealand, Tahiti, Cook Group, Society Group): Dixon 61, 64; Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XXII 17; N. A. Indian: *Thompson-Tales 328n. 186; West Indies: Flowers 457.

H331.1. H331.1. Suitor contest: difficult riding.

H331.1.1. H331.1.1. Suitor contest: riding up glass mountain. *Type 530; *BP III 111 n. 3; Kцhler-Bolte I 67; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 627ff.; **Boberg Prinsessen pе Glasbjжrget (Danske Studier [1928] 16ff.); *Fb “glarbjжrg” I 459; Krappe The Glass Mountain (Modern Language Quarterly VIII 139--145); India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.1.2. H331.1.2. Suitor contest: riding to fourth story of tower. *Type 530; *BP III 112 n. 1.

H331.1.2.1. H331.1.2.1. Suitor contest: jumping horse over palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.1.3. H331.1.3. Suitor contest: riding up mast (spear). *BP III 113 n. 3; N. A. Indian (Chilcotin): Farrand JE II 43.

H331.1.3.1. H331.1.3.1. Suitor test: jumping over high hedge. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.1.4. H331.1.4. Suitor contest: riding across pit. *BP III 113 n. 2.

H331.1.5. H331.1.5. Suitor contest: riding through fire. *Panzer Sigfrid 110; Krappe Waberlohe (Archiv fur das Studium der neueren Sprachen CLXXII 10ff.); Icelandic: *Boberg.

H331.1.6. H331.1.6. Suitor contest: jumping river on horseback. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H331.1.6.1. H331.1.6.1. Suitor contest: jumping ditches and hedges of spears. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.1.7. H331.1.7. Contest in reaping: best reaper to get beautiful girl as wife. Irish myth: Cross.

H331.2. H331.2. Suitor contest: tournament. *Type 508; Cosquin Contes Indiens 329ff.; *Liljeblad 39ff.; Dickson 181; English: Wells 147 (Ipomedon); Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman.

H331.2.1. H331.2.1. Suitor contest: success in battle. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H331.2.1.1. H331.2.1.1. Suitor contest: bride offered to the one distinguishing himself most in battle. Girl loves both suitors equally. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.3. H331.3. Suitor contest: prize to one whose staff blooms. Told of Joseph in contest for Virgin Mary. *Dh II 265; Jewish: *Neuman.

H331.4. H331.4. Suitor contest: shooting. Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 295, Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Kutenai): Boas BBAE LIX 199 No. 64, (Sahaptin): Farrand MAFLS XI 157 No. 9, (Tsimshian): Boas BBAE XXVII 137, (Wichita): Dorsey CI XXI 130 No. 19, Dorsey Contributions to N. A. Ethnology VI 604, (Pawnee): Grinnell 87 No. 1, Dorsey MAFLS VIII 113 No. 31, 239 No. 60, (Crow): Simms FM II 292 No. 13, (Dakota): Zitkala-Sa Old Indian Legends 77; (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 396 No. 25, (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 139, 318, 513, 567, (Wyandot): Barbeau GSCan XI 212, (Zuсi): Cushing 215; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 126.

H331.4.1. H331.4.1. Suitors contest with bride‘s father in shooting. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 238 n. 1.

H331.4.2. H331.4.2. Suitor contest: bending bow of woman’s absent husband. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 300 n. 3; Japanese: Ikeda.

H331.5. H331.5. Suitor contest: race. Dh III 145; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 23 n. 5, 160 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Salishan): Hill-Tout British North America 229, (Shuswap): Teit JE II 684 No. 22, (Thompson River): Teit MAFLS VI 36 No. 7, (Skykomish): Haeberlin JAFL XXXVII 383 No. 9, (Achomawi): Curtin JAFL XXII 284 No. 2, (Arapaho): Dorsey and Kroeber FM V 105, (Ponca): Dorsey CNAE VI 333, (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAm XIII 396 No. 25, (California): Gayton and Newman 92; Africa (Vai): Ellis 189 No. 5; West Indies: Flowers 458.

H331.5.0.1. H331.5.0.1. Loser in bride-race must die. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 160 n. 2.

H331.5.1. H331.5.1. Race with princess for her hand. *Types 513, 514; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 8; Greek: Fox 59.

H331.5.1.1. H331.5.1.1. Apple thrown in race with bride. Distracts girl‘s attention and as she stops to pick it up, suitor passes her. (Atalanta.) Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 60; *BP IV 138; Herbert III 193; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Fox 59, *Grote I 138.

H331.5.1.1.1. H331.5.1.1.1. Hero’s confederate slows down princess with his breath. Extraordinary blower blows against her so that she is retarded and loses race. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H331.5.2. H331.5.2. Suitor contest: race with bride‘s father. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 181; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 157 n. 4.

H331.5.3. H331.5.3. Suitor test: winning horse-race three times. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 229a n. 3.

H331.5.4. H331.5.4. Suitor test: boat race. Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XXII 17.

H331.6. H331.6. Suitor contest: wrestling. (Cf. H1562.9.) India: Thompson-Balys Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XXII 17.

H331.6.1. H331.6.1. Suitor contest: wrestling with bride. N. A. Indian (Wasco): Curtin PAES II 290 No. 2.

H331.6.1.1. H331.6.1.1. Princess wins wrestling match with suitor by revealing her breast. He looks and is beaten. Kцhler-Bolte I 561.

H331.7. H331.7. Suitor contest: aiming with missile. Jamaica: Beckwith: MAFLS XVII 269 No. 82.

H331.8. H331.8. Suitor contest: splitting antlers. N. A. Indian (Snohomish): Hill-Tout British Assn. Adv. Science (70th meeting) 525.

H331.9. H331.9. Suitor contest: trapping. N. A. Indian (Shoshoni): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 237 No. 18, (Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VIII 178 No. 45, (Gros Ventre): Kroeber PaAM I 80 No. 19.

H331.10. H331.10. Suitor contest: carrying one hundred jugs of water from sea to castle in one day. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.11. H331.11. Princess given to the one confessing all his treachery. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H331.12. H331.12. Suitor contest: splitting block of wood. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H331.13. H331.13. Suitor contest: cheating. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H331.14. H331.14. Suitor contest: trial of strength. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.15. H331.15. Suitor contest: animal fight.

H331.15.1. H331.15.1. Suitor contest: cockfight. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.15.2. H331.15.2. Suitor contest: bullfight. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.16. H331.16. Suitor contest: throwing ball up to princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.16.1. H331.16.1. Suitor contest: throwing iron ball. India: Thompson-Balys.

H331.17. H331.17. Suitor contest: eating one hundred carcasses at a sitting. (Cf. H1141.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H332. H332. Suitor in contest with bride or member of her family. See H331.4.1, H331.5.1, H331.5.2, H331.6.1.

H332.1. H332.1. Suitor in contest with bride.

H332.1.1. H332.1.1. Suitor test: duel with bride. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 430.

H332.1.2. H332.1.2. Suitor test: to defeat bride in game. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H332.1.2.1. H332.1.2.1. Suitor test: to defeat bride at dice. India: Thompson-Balys.

H332.1.3. H332.1.3. Suitor test: to defeat bride in harping. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H332.1.4. H332.1.4. Suitor test: tournament with bride. Icelandic: Boberg.

H332.1.5. H332.1.5. Shooting contest with bride-to-be. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H332.2. H332.2. Suitor contest with brother-in-law. Icelandic: *Boberg; S. A. Indian (Chincha): Alexander Lat. Am. 231.

H332.3. H332.3. Suitor test: duel with father-in-law. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H332.4. H332.4. Groom and his army have to fight bride’s army. India: Thompson-Balys.

H333. H333. Girl demands suitor‘s life (or mutilation).

H333.1. H333.1. Lover has head cut off at girl’s desire. India: Thompson-Balys.

H333.2. H333.2. Suitor test: tribute of his severed hands. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335. H335. Tasks assigned suitors. Bride as prize for accomplishment. (For nature of tasks see H1000ff.) *Types 313, 502, 513, 514, 518, 570, 577; BP II 87ff., III 267ff., 424ff.; Hibbard 275ff. (Sir Eglamour).--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala runes 7, 8, 13, 14, 19; Italian Novella: *Rotunda, Basile Pentamerone II Nos. 5, 7; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 87 n. 3, II 61 n. 3, Fox 107; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 168; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 290; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Anesaki 262; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/174, 13/203, 13/276, 13/317, 13/441, 13/499, 13/730, 13/243, 13/1241); Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 57; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 324 n. 170; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 31 No. 4, (Benga): Nassau 134 No. 15; West Indies: Flowers 458. Cf. Wьnsche Teufel 33 (devil).

H335.0.1. H335.0.1. Bride helps suitor perform his tasks. *Type 313; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Grimm Nos. 92, 113, 121, 196; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 7, Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda.

H335.0.1.1. H335.0.1.1. Otherworld mistress instructs hero how to perform tasks (imposed by her mother). Irish myth: Cross.

H335.0.1.2. H335.0.1.2. Bride‘s parents (supernatural) help suitor win in suitor contests. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335.0.2. H335.0.2. Girl assigns tasks to her suitors. *De Vries FFC LXXIII 308; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Japanese: Ikeda.

H335.0.2.1. H335.0.2.1. Suitor task: to study philosophy for five years. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H335.0.2.2. H335.0.2.2. Suitor task: prince to learn a trade. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 949*.

H335.0.3. H335.0.3. Devil as suitor assigned tasks. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 343f., 345f., 363, 398.

H335.0.4. H335.0.4. Suitor tasks announced by inscription on statue. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335.0.5. H335.0.5. Goddess assigns task to her mortal suitor. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335.1. H335.1. Suitor task: avenging bride’s father‘s death before marriage. Icelandic: Boberg.

H335.1.1. H335.1.1. Suitor task: avenging bride’s former fiance before marriage. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H335.2. H335.2. Suitor task: cutting open magic gourd. Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 290.

H335.3. H335.3. Suitor task: killing ferocious animal.

H335.3.1. H335.3.1. Suitor task: to kill dragon to whom the princess is to be sacrificed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H335.3.2. H335.3.2. Suitor task: killing lion guarding girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335.3.3. H335.3.3. Suitor task: to slay thieving boar. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335.3.4. H335.3.4. Suitor task: to kill treasure-guarding snake lying around the princess‘s chamber. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H335.3.5. H335.3.5. Task: hero’s servant must kill giant pig. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335.3.6. H335.3.6. Suitor task: killing tiger demons. India: Thompson-Balys.

H335.3.7. H335.3.7. Suitor task: to kill other monsters. Icelandic: *Boberg; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/317).

H335.4. H335.4. Suitor task: to defeat enemies. Icelandic: *Boberg; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H335.4.1. H335.4.1. Suitor task: to bring enemy‘s head. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H335.4.2. H335.4.2. Suitor task: to overcome robbers. Chinese: Graham.

H335.4.3. H335.4.3. Suitor task: to kill all earlier suitors. Icelandic: Boberg.

H335.4.4. H335.4.4. Suitor task: to kill (defeat) unwelcome suitor. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H335.5. H335.5. Suitor task: to bring back food as a marriage present. Chinese: Graham.

H335.6. H335.6. Suitor task: making weather calm. (Cf. D2141.0.8.1.) Tonga: Gifford 176.

H335.6.1. H335.6.1. Suitor task: controlling violent tide. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/730).

H336. H336. Suitors assigned quests. *Types 513, 514; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 115 (Sir Eglamore); German: Grimm Nos. 6, 62, 93, 96, 97, 106, 137, 163, 197; Icelandic: *Boberg; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 74.

H336.1. H336.1. Prospective father-in-law requires that suitor for his daughter’s hand visit foreign country (otherworld?) to learn feats of arms. Irish myth: *Cross.

H336.2. H336.2. Suitor required to catch wild animals. (Cf. H335.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H338. H338. Suitor test: faithfulness. India: Thompson-Balys.

H338.1. H338.1. Suitor test: keeping princess‘s secret. India: Thompson-Balys.

H341. H341. Suitor test: making princess laugh. Sadfaced princess has never laughed. *Types 559, 571, 1642; *BP I 59, 61, II 39ff., 454 n. 1; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVI 89 n. 1; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction, I No. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H341.1. H341.1. Princess brought to laughter by people sticking together. *Type 571; India: Thompson-Balys.

H341.2. H341.2. Princess brought to laughter by small animals. *Type 571; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 5.

H341.3. H341.3. Princess brought to laughter by foolish actions of hero. *Type 571; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVI 89 n. 1; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 3.

H341.3.1. H341.3.1. Princess brought to laughter by indecent show made in quarrel with old woman at well. Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction.

H342. H342. Suitor test: outwitting princess.

H342.1. H342.1. Suitor test: forcing princess to say, “That is a lie.” *Type 852; BP II 506; *Fb “lшgn” II 513a; Japanese: Ikeda.

H343. H343. Suitor test: bringing dumb princess to speak. *Type 945; BP III 53ff.; *Grьndwald Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXX 317; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 263; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 279 No. 95; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 277 n. 1.

H343.0.1. H343.0.1. Princess to marry man who can make her speak to him in all watches of the night. India: Thompson-Balys.

H343.1. H343.1. Dumb princess brought to speak by shepherd who insults her. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 105 No. 860; India: Thompson-Balys.

H343.2. H343.2. Silent princess gives right answer when talking monkey is given wrong one by suitor-prince. India: Thompson-Balys.

H344. H344. Suitor test: entering princess’s chamber. *Type 854.

H344.1. H344.1. Princess to marry man who can give her correct account of what happened in her bedchamber. India: Thompson-Balys.

H345. H345. Suitor test: overcoming princess in strength. *Type 519.

H345.1. H345.1. Suitor test: lifting strong princess’s giant weapon. *Type 519.

H345.2. H345.2. Suitor test: riding strong princess‘s horse. *Type 519.

H346. H346. Princess given to man who can heal her. *Types 610, 613; *Christiansen FFC XXIV 98; BP III 267ff.; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; S. A. Indian (Chincha): Alexander Lat. Am. 231.

H346.1. H346.1. Maiden queen promises herself to the man who heals her husband and kills his bewitcher. Icelandic: Boberg.

H347. H347. Suitor test: to consort with princess without sleeping. Suitors are given sleeping potion. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

H351. H351. Suitor test: to live on small amount of food.

H351.1. H351.1. Suitor test: to live on as much food as can be piled on a leaf. India: Thompson-Balys.

H352. H352. Suitor test: to make garden bloom in winter. (Cf. M261.1.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H353. H353. Suitor test: to plunge into a stream. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

H355. H355. Suitor test: finding an extraordinary object. India: Thompson-Balys.

H355.0.1. H355.0.1. Who will find the most marvelous thing? Each finds some marvelous thing. It turns out, that to save the girl’s life all the things must be used together. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 467*.

H355.1. H355.1. Suitor test: finding a cow with silver horns. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H355.2. H355.2. Suitor test: finding a hog with silver bristles. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H355.3. H355.3. Suitor test: bringing marvelous tree. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H355.4. H355.4. Suitor test: obtaining flowers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H355.5. H355.5. Suitor test: obtaining for bride a necklace like her mother‘s. India: Thompson-Balys.

H355.6. H355.6. Suitor test: to get wedding dress so fine that it will go through ring. India: Thompson-Balys.

H359. H359. Other suitor tests.

H359.1. H359.1. Suitor test: building causeway. (Cf. H1131.) Irish myth: *Cross (H345.3).

H359.2. H359.2. Suitor test: clearing land. Icelandic: Boberg.

H360--H388.

H360--H388. BRIDE TESTS

H360. H360. Bride test. Irish myth: *Cross.

H361. H361. Ring (jewel) bride test. Hero will marry girl possessing certain ring or jewel. Cox 505.

H362. H362. Bride chosen from girls assembled at feast. (Cf. H311.) German: Grimm No. 21.

H363. H363. Deceased wife marriage test. Man will marry woman meeting certain specifications prescribed by his deceased wife. *Type 610B; Cox 53--79 passim.

H363.1. H363.1. Bride test: wearing deceased wife‘s clothes. *Type 510B; Cox 53--79 passim; Fb “kjole” II 142.

H363.2. H363.2. Bride test: wearing deceased wife’s ring. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H365. H365. Bride test: size of feet. Hindu: Tawney II 356.

H373. H373. Bride test: performance of tasks. *Type 875; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 4; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H375. H375. Bride contest: game.

H375.1. H375.1. Game of hide and seek with seven princesses to determine which is to be hero’s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

H375.2. H375.2. Man marries girl bringing his clothes soonest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H375.3. H375.3. Bride test: procuring food plants in shortest time. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 44, 45.

H381. H381. Bride test: thrift. *Types 1451, 1452.

H381.1. H381.1. Bride test: making dress from wasted flax. *Type 1451; BP III 239.

H381.2. H381.2. Bride test: thrifty cutting of cheese. Three girls tested. First eats rind and all, second cuts away good cheese, third cuts away just enough. Type 1452; BP III 236; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 92b.

H381.2.1. H381.2.1. Bride test: thrifty peeling of apple. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 92b.

H381.2.2. H381.2.2. Bride test: thrifty scraping of bread tray. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 702.

H382. H382. Bride test: industry. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 259.

H382.1. H382.1. Bride test: key in flax reveals laziness. Suitor hides key in flax on spinning wheel. Finds it there next day. Type 1453; BP III 236.

H383. H383. Bride test: domestic skill. India: Thompson-Balys.

H383.1. H383.1. Bride test: bread-making. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 52.

H383.1.1. H383.1.1. Bride test: bread-making--dough under fingernails. After three weeks the girl still has dough under her fingernails. Type 1453***; Russian: Andrejev No. 1453*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1454.*

H383.1.2. H383.1.2. Bride test: cooking griddle cakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

H383.2. H383.2. Bride test: cloth-working.

H383.2.1. H383.2.1. Bride test: spinning--girl cannot use spinning-wheel. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H383.2.2. H383.2.2. Bride test: weaving magic cloth, sewing magic shirt. Icelandic: Boberg.

H383.2.3. H383.2.3. Bride test: sewing a shirt for bridegroom‘s father. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H383.3. H383.3. Bride test: skillful sweeping. India: Thompson-Balys.

H383.4. H383.4. Bride test: cooking. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H383.4.1. H383.4.1. Bride test: ale brewing. Icelandic: Boberg.

H383.5. H383.5. Bride test: cutting up a monster fish with scaly hide. India: Thompson-Balys.

H384. H384. Bride test: kindness. Jewish: Neuman.

H384.0.1. H384.0.1. Suitor chooses kindly girl. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 75.

H384.1. H384.1. Bride test: kindness--father-in-law disguised as beggar. Type 1455.

H384.1.1. H384.1.1. Wealthy (handsome) suitor disguised as beggar to test bride’s kindness. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; S. A. Indian (Caraja): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 49.

H384.1.2. H384.1.2. Prince disguised as a madman to test bride‘s character. India: Thompson-Balys.

H385. H385. Bride test: greediness. Type 1454*.

H386. H386. Bride test: obedience. *Type 901.

H386.1. H386.1. Bride test: to allow oneself to be beaten with shoe. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H387. H387. Bride test: constancy.

H387.1. H387.1. Bride‘s constancy tested by seven year’s mourning over supposed dead lover. English: Wells 151 (The Squyr of Lowe Degre).

H388. H388. Bride test: wisdom (cleverness). Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H400--H459.

H400--H459. CHASTITY TESTS

H400. H400. Chastity test. Various means are employed to test a woman‘s (or man’s) chastity. *Types 870, 870A; *Bйdier Fabliaux 465; Dunlop-Liebrecht 85; Child I 258--71, 507a, II 502, III 503, IV 454a, V 215f., 289a; *Cross MPh X 289; Heinrich von dem Tьrlin Diu Crone, lines 917f.; Clouston Tales I 173ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights V 271, 278, VII 259, IX 252ff.; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 167, *Tawney I 86 n., 329, 487, *II 601 n.; Chinese: Werner 269; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 516, 535; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 535; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 358 n. 287 m.

H410. H410. Chastity test by magic objects or ordeals.

H411. H411. Magic object points out unchaste woman.

H411.1. H411.1. Magic stone as chastity test. At foot of bed: cannot be stepped on by unchaste woman. (Cf. D931.) *Type 870A; Fb “sten” III 554b; English: Child I 269 n.

H411.1.1. H411.1.1. Stone breaks when unchaste woman looks at it. Jewish: Neuman.

H411.2. H411.2. Magic tree as chastity test. Cannot be climbed by unchaste woman. (Cf. D950.) Dunlop-Liebrecht 416.

H411.3. H411.3. Magic plant as chastity test. (Cf. D965.) Chauvin VII 168; Penzer I 168.

H411.4. H411.4. Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test. (Cf. D1171.6.) Unchaste woman cannot drink from cup. *Chauvin VII 167; Bйdier Fabliaux 465; Child I 262--273 passim; Penzer I 165; Cross MPh X 289; Irish myth: *Cross.

H411.4.1. H411.4.1. Drinking bitter water as chastity test. Water will poison the unchaste. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 119, 345, *Neuman.

H411.4.2. H411.4.2. Magic cup as chastity test: sticks to hands of adulterer. Irish myth: Cross.

H411.5. H411.5. Magic pin as chastity test. If it floats, woman is chaste. (Cf. D1182.) Chauvin VII 168; RTP XIV 598.

H411.6. H411.6. Magic chair as chastity test. Unchaste woman cannot sit in it till bidden. (Cf. D1151.2.) Chauvin VII 168; English: Child I 72f., 75.

H411.7. H411.7. Mantle as chastity test. Will not fit unchaste woman. (Cf. D1053.) *Chauvin VII 168; *Cross MPh X 289, XVI 649; *Child I 260ff., 265, V 289a; Bйdier Fabliaux 465; BP IV 138; Oesterley No. 69; Irish myth: *Cross.

H411.8. H411.8. Magic bridge as chastity test. Cannot be crossed by unchaste. (Cf. D1258.) *Bolte Montanus 631; Chauvin VII 168; Child I 267, 269.

H411.9. H411.9. Magic statue as chastity test. Moves eyes in presence of unchaste woman. (Cf. D1268.) *Chauvin VII 169; Puymaigre Folklore (Paris, 1885) 37.

H411.9.1. H411.9.1. Magic idol as chastity test. Turns black in presence of unchaste woman. Lights up in presence of chaste woman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H411.10. H411.10. Magic bed and pillows as chastity test. Speak and reveal unchastity. (Cf. D1154.1.) Liungman Tvе Folkminnesundersцkningar 1ff.; English: Child I 64--70 passim.

H411.11. H411.11. Magic spring as chastity test. Wells up if girl is not a virgin. (Cf. D927.) Irish myth: Cross; English: Floris and Blanchefleur line 618.

H411.11.1. H411.11.1. Unchaste woman dips arm into the water: skin boiled away. *Loomis White Magic 126.

H411.11.2. H411.11.2. Fountains as chastity tests. One fountain of clear water, other muddy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H411.12. H411.12. Magic harp as chastity test. Plays out of tune at approach of unchaste girl. (Cf. D1231.) English: Child I 269.

H411.13. H411.13. Magic lamp as chastity test. Only virgin can light it. (Cf. D1162.1.) *Oesterley No. 278; Herbert III 210.

H411.14. H411.14. Apple as chastity test. Fades if owner is not virgin. (Cf. D981.1.) Fb “pige” II 817a.

H411.15. H411.15. Magic mirror as chastity index. (Cf. D1163.) Jewish: *Neuman.

H411.16. H411.16. Catching salmon as proof of virginity. Irish myth: Cross.

H411.17. H411.17. Swan as chastity test. Irish myth: *Cross.

H411.18. H411.18. Dust of Tabernacle as chastity test. (Cf. D935.) Jewish: Neuman.

H412. H412. Chastity tested by ordeal.

H412.1. H412.1. Chastity ordeal: passing under magic rod. Unchaste woman bears twins. (Cf. D1254.2.) Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 96.

H412.2. H412.2. Chastity ordeal: holding shaven and greased tail of bull. Wade-Evans Welsh Mediaeval Law (Oxford, 1909) 241.

H412.3. H412.3. Chastity ordeal: feather over door; if girl who enters blushes she is not a virgin. Fb “pige” II 817a.

H412.4. H412.4. Chastity ordeal: passing through fire. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys, Keith 128.

H412.4.1. H412.4.1. Chastity ordeal: holding hot iron. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 227; Alphabet No. 173.

H412.4.2. H412.4.2. Chastity ordeal: oath on boiling oil. India: Thompson-Balys.

H412.5. H412.5. Chastity ordeal: poisonous snake around girl‘s neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

H412.6. H412.6. Chastity ordeal: drawing lover out of wall with single thread rope. India: Thompson-Balys.

H412.7. H412.7. Chastity ordeal: jumping.

H412.7.1. H412.7.1. Chastity ordeal: jumping over magic thread. India: Thompson-Balys.

H412.7.2. H412.7.2. Chastity ordeal: jumping over pit. India: Thompson-Balys.

H413. H413. Special powers of chaste woman.

H413.1. H413.1. Special power of chaste woman: blowing out candle with one puff and relighting it with another. English: Child I 270.

H413.2. H413.2. Special power of chaste woman: making ball of water. English: Child I 270; India: Thompson-Balys.

H413.3. H413.3. Special power of chaste woman: carrying water in sieve. English: Child I 270; India: Thompson-Balys.

H413.4. H413.4. Special power of chaste woman: raising fallen elephant. India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 166.

H413.5. H413.5. Chastity test: throwing certain number on dice. India: Thompson-Balys.

H413.6. H413.6. If princess is chaste her weight will be only that of five flowers; if not, normal. India: Thompson-Balys.

H421. H421. Tests for true lover.

H421.1. H421.1. Valley from which no false lover can escape until it has been entered by a true lover. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 267.

H422. H422. Tests for true husbands.

H422.1. H422.1. Crown exposes infidelity of husbands. English: Child I 266f.

H425. H425. Tests for cuckolds.

H425.1. H425.1. Cuckold‘s knife cannot carve boar’s head. English: Child I 273.

H425.2. H425.2. Horns grow on cuckold. *New English Dictionary V 385c s.v. “horn”; Dunger Germania XXIX 59; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 122.

H426. H426. Chastity tests of holy men and monks. Irish myth: Cross.

H430. H430. Chastity index. Objects indicate faithfulness or unfaithfulness of separated lovers (husband or wife). *Type 888; *Penzer I 165ff.; *BP III 517ff.; Clouston Tales II 290ff.; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 110f.

H431. H431. Clothing (cloth) as chastity index.

H431.1. H431.1. Shirt as chastity index. Remains white as long as woman (man) is true (Cf. D1056.) *Type 888; BP III 517ff.; Penzer I 44, 165; Oesterley No. 69; Herbert III 233; English: Child I 268.

H431.2. H431.2. Handkerchief as chastity index. Will not soil as long as woman (man) is true. *Type 888; BP III 517ff.

H431.3. H431.3. Veil as chastity index. Flowers on veil fade on head of unchaste. Bйdier Fabliaux 465.

H432. H432. Flower as chastity index. (Cf. D975.) Fb “brudekrans” IV 65b; English: Child I 268; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer I 165.

H432.1. H432.1. Rose as chastity index. Fading rose indicates unfaithfulness. (Cf. D975.2.) G. Paris Romania XXIII 102ff.; Bйdier Fabliaux 465; Kцhler-Bolte II 444; Penzer I 165.

H432.1.1. H432.1.1. Three roses fall as sign of unfaithfulness. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 70 n. 12.

H432.2. H432.2. Lily as chastity index. Penzer I 165.

H432.3. H432.3. Lotus flower as chastity index. (Cf. D975.1.) Penzer I 42, 156.

H432.4. H432.4. Blooming staff as chastity index. India: Thompson-Balys.

H433. H433. Ornament as chastity index.

H433.1. H433.1. Ring as chastity index. Indicates faithfulness by color. (Cf. D1076.) Penzer I 168; Child I 269; Zingerle Zs. f. Deutsche Myth. und Sittenkunde II (1855) 353.

H434. H434. Fruit as chastity index.

H434.1. H434.1. Apple as chastity index: shines as long as woman is chaste. (Cf. D981.1.) *Fb “guldжble” I 516b.

H435. H435. Weapon as chastity index.

H435.1. H435.1. Sword as chastity index: will not spot while woman is faithful. (Cf. D1081.) English: Child I 268.

H439. H439. Chastity index--miscellaneous.

H439.1. H439.1. Picture as chastity index: indicates by its color. (Cf. D1266.2.) English: Child I 269; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H439.1.1. H439.1.1. Painting on wife‘s stomach as chastity index. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H439.2. H439.2. Drinking-tube as chastity index: retains taste of another’s lips. Irish myth: *Cross.

H440. H440. Other indications of chastity.

H451. H451. Talking private parts betray unchastity. *Taylor MLN XXI 249 n. 2; Gering Hermes LI (1916) 632ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 83d.

H452. H452. Disguise to test bride‘s chastity. India: Thompson-Balys.

H455. H455. Chastity test: king weighs princess against a flower. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H460. H460. Wife tests. Chinese: Graham.

H461. H461. Test of wife‘s patience. Griselda. Children stolen and attendance at wedding to another demanded. *Type 887; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXXV--XXXVI 290; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Geduldsprьfung”; **H. Siefkin Das geduldige Weib in der englischen Literatur bis auf Shakespeare (Leipzig, 1903); *Loomis White Magic 118; *Laserstein; Ilse von Stach Griseldis (1922); Kцhler-Bolte II 501, 534; *Fb “Griselda” IV 486a; Huet 66; *Cate Studies in Philology XXIX 389ff.; *Hibbard Medieval Romance in Eng. 289 n. 9; Philippson FFC 1 48ff.--Italian Novella: *Rotunda. Cf. also Types 712, 881, 900.

H461.1. H461.1. The clever wife in disguise wins a second wife for her husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

H465. H465. Test of wife’s endurance. Haughty princess married to beggar and must endure poverty and menial work. *Type 900; BP I 443ff.; *Philippson FFC L 34ff.; *Fb “tigge” III 793b; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 10.

H466. H466. Feigned death to test wife’s faithfulness. *Type 1350; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 92 n. 2; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 144.

H466.1. H466.1. Feigned absence to test wife‘s faithfulness. India: Thompson-Balys.

H467. H467. Other tests of wife’s love or faithfulness. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H467.1. H467.1. Feigned illness to test wife‘s love. Husband feigns loss of genitalia. Italian Novella: Rotunda (H384.1.1.)

H467.2. H467.2. Wife’s faithfulness tested by proposal in another‘s name. Olrik Zs. f. Vksk. II (1892) 254ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

H472. H472. Test of wife’s ability to keep secret. Jewish: Neuman.

H472.1. H472.1. Test of wife‘s ability to keep secret: the buried sheep’s head. Husband tells her that he is burying head of murdered man. She is to keep secret. She tells. When head is dug up it is sheep‘s head. *T. Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXII--XXXIV 77; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 220ff., 224 n. 1; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 25, 275; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H473. H473. Test of wife’s obedience. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H473.1. H473.1. Test of wife‘s obedience: finger in hole. Disobedient wife puts her finger into the hole where her husband has fixed sharp nails. Herbert III 18; Crane Vitry 226 No. 228; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 318.

H473.2. H473.2. Test of wife’s obedience: the one command. Upon his wife‘s insistence that he test her by giving one command the husband tells her not to go into the oven while he is away. She does so and oven falls on her. Herbert III 19; *Crane Vitry 231 No. 236; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 318; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H473.3. H473.3. Test of wife’s obedience: not to eat leeks. Although she does not like them, she immediately begins to want them. Herbert III 24; Crane Vitry 258 No. 284; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 317.

H473.4. H473.4. Man leaving home warns wife not to wash face in puddle in dunghill. She does. He cannot understand why; she cannot explain. England: Baughman.

H473.5. H473.5. Test of wife‘s obedience: decorating house. India: Thompson-Balys.

H474. H474. Complacent wife agrees with all of husband’s absurd statements. India: Thompson-Balys.

H476. H476. Husband tests false wife by sleeping on her hair. Had always done so with true bride. Chinese: Graham.

H479. H479. Wife tests--miscellaneous motifs.

H479.1. H479.1. Widow prepared for suttee can lift by little finger heavy stone by temple. India: Thompson-Balys.

H480. H480. Father tests. Test as to who is unknown father of child. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pиre”, “enfant”; Arabian: Burton Nights S V 236 n.

H481. H481. Infant picks out his unknown father. *Type 675; BP I 485; *Fb “barn” IV 27b; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries’s list No. 208; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 336 n. 212; S. A. Indian (Yunca): Alexander Lat. Am. 228.

H481.1. H481.1. Infant indicates his unknown father by handing him an apple. *Fb “жble” III 1135b, “guldжble” I 516a; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 93b.

H481.1.1. H481.1.1. Baby picks out his disguised father from a crowd by handing him a bow. S. A. Indian (Chaco): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 369.

H482. H482. Infant picks out his unknown mother. Chinese: Graham.

H483. H483. Animals compete as messenger to call father of new-born child. Their voices are tried. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 265 No. 71.

H485. H485. Test of unknown father: gold on street. Princess has gold put on street leading to her. The man who rides over the gold-covered street without noticing is the father of her child. Kцhler-Bolte I 56.

H486. H486. Test of paternity. Child tested to see if it is child of certain father. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H486.1. H486.1. Test of paternity: adhesion of blood. Blood of real son will adhere to dead father‘s bones. Oesterley No. 196; Herbert III 191; Zachariae Kleine Schriften 305; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 61, Neuman.

H486.2. H486.2. Test of paternity: shooting at father’s corpse. Youngest of supposed sons refuses to shoot and is judged the only genuine son of dead emperor. *Herbert III 206; Oesterley No. 45; Scala Celi 98a No. 526; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 835; Nouvelles de Sens. No 29; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 28; L. Schmidt Oesterr. Zs. f. Vksk. 1955, 70 ff.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; *Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 123, 345, IV 102, 280, *Neuman.

H490. H490. Other marriage tests.

H491. H491. Test of mother‘s and father’s love for children.

H491.1. H491.1. In large family father unwilling but mother willing to sell children. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 87, 303, Neuman.

H492. H492. Test of faithfulness of husband and wife.

H492.1. H492.1. Husband refuses to murder his wife for high honors; wife agrees to murder husband. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 90, 303, Neuman.

H492.2. H492.2. Husband has a friend woo his wife: she is seduced. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H492.2.1. H492.2.1. Husband has friend woo his wife: wife is generous to certain point only. Husband makes her wear dress symbolic of her generosity--blouse of coarse cloth; dress of gold brocade. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H492.2.2. H492.2.2. Husband has friend woo his wife: seduction narrowly averted by frightened husband’s intervention. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H492.3. H492.3. Husband castrates himself to test wife‘s faithfulness. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H493. H493. Virility test for husband. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H494. H494. Maternity test: to produce a baby within a year. India: Thompson.

H495. H495. Mother test.

H495.1. H495.1. Baby finds its mother, goes to her for suckling. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H495.2. H495.2. Mother test: milk goes long distance into child’s mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

H495.3. H495.3. Old woman suckles all babies at son‘s circumcision to prove she has borne child. Jewish: *Neuman.

H500--H899.

H500--H899. Tests of cleverness.

H500.

H500. Test of cleverness or ability. Irish myth: *Cross, Chauvin VII 160, VIII 11ff.; West Indies: Flowers 459.

H500.1. H500.1. Sons tested for skill. Types 653, 660.

H501. H501. Test of wisdom. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer VI 74 n.

H501.1. H501.1. Test of wisdom: wise man sends ruler magic gems. Ruler admires their beauty but neglects to inquire of their virtues. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H501.2. H501.2. Wise man answers questions of many with single speech. Irish myth: Cross.

H501.3. H501.3. Sons tested for wisdom; given same amount of money. What will they do with it? India: Thompson-Balys.

H502. H502. Test of learning. Tawney I 274, 311f.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H502.1. H502.1. Test of religious learning. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H503. H503. Test of musical ability. (Cf. H509.4.) Tawney IT 431; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H503.1. H503.1. Song duel. Contest in singing. Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo: Alexander N. Am. 282 n. 21.

H504. H504. Test of skill in handiwork. Types 653, 654, 660; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Vai): Ellis 193 No. 11.

H504.1. H504.1. Contest in lifelike painting. India: Thompson-Balys.

H504.1.1. H504.1.1. Contest in lifelike painting: fly on saint’s nose. Second artist in first artist‘s absence paints a fly on a saint’s nose in a picture. On his return the first artist tries to drive away the fly. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 411.

H504.1.2. H504.1.2. Contest in lifelike painting: mare and curtain. First artist paints a mare so realistic as to deceive a stallion. Second paints a curtain which deceives the first artist. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 410.

H504.1.3. H504.1.3. Contest in lifelike painting: grapes and curtain. First artist paints a bunch of grapes so realistically that it attracts the birds. The second artist paints a curtain which deceives the first artist. He wins. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H504.2. H504.2. Barber‘s contest in shaving (without waking man). India: Thompson-Balys.

H505. H505. Test of cleverness: uttering three wise words. Youths called on to do so display by their answers extraordinary powers of deduction. *Type 655; *Chauvin VII 159 No. 438; BP IV 137; Oesterley No. 58; India: Thompson-Balys.

H505.1. H505.1. Test of cleverness: uttering three truths. FFC LVI 35; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H506. H506. Test of resourcefulness.

H506.1. H506.1. Test of resourcefulness: weighing elephant. Man puts him on boat; marks water-line; fills boat with stones until it sinks to same line; weighs stones. *Chauvin VIII 97 No. 68 n. 1.

H506.2. H506.2. Test of resourcefulness: finding how many people are in dark closed room. Fills room with evil smell; men call each other by name and disclose number. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 396.

H506.3. H506.3. Test of resourcefulness: carrying wolf, goat, and cabbage across stream. Man is to set across a stream, in a boat that will hold himself and only one other object, a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage. He must do this so that the wolf doesn‘t eat the goat, nor the goat the cabbage. Two solutions: (1) (a) take goat over, (b) take wolf over and goat back, (c) take cabbage over, (d) take goat over; (2) (a) take goat over, (b) take cabbage over and goat back, (c) take wolf over, (d) take goat over. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 38; Fb “ulv” III 970a, “kеl” II 354b.

H506.4. H506.4. Test of resourcefulness: putting thread through coils of snail shell. Thread tied to ant who pulls it through. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 141 n. 1 (Daidalus); Zachariae Kleine Schriften 59, 108ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

H506.5. H506.5. Test of resourcefulness: to swing seventy girls until they are tired. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H506.6. H506.6. Test of resourcefulness: not to sit at the foot of couch. Servant gives prince a lemon to place on it indicating which is head and which foot of couch. India: Thompson-Balys.

H506.7. H506.7. Test of resourcefulness: to eat food without untying cloth containing it; hole torn in cloth. India: Thompson-Balys.

H506.8. H506.8. Test of resourcefulness: to get melon out of jar without breaking it. Melon is planted in jar made of unbaked clay. Jar is wrapped in a wet cloth so that it collapses. India: Thompson-Balys.

H506.9. H506.9. Test of resourcefulness: to cook rice without fire (in hot sand). India: Thompson-Balys.

H506.10. H506.10. Test of resourcefulness: to find relationships among three sticks: they are put in vessel of water; degree of sinking shows what part of tree each comes from. India: Thompson-Balys.

H506.11. H506.11. Test of resourcefulness: to discover how old, respectively, three horses are. Youth drops water on each; one jumps fifteen paces only, another twenty, and the last bounds in air and gallops. India: Thompson-Balys.

H507. H507. Wit combat. Test in repartee. Type 1093; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 3; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H507.1. H507.1. Princess offered to man who can defeat her in repartee. *Type 853; BP I 201; *Wesselski Der Islam XXII (1934) 114 n. 4; Japanese: Ikeda.

H507.1.0.1. H507.1.0.1. Princess defeated in repartee by means of objects accidentally picked up. E. g., Hero: What red lips you have!--Princess: There is fire inside.--Hero: Then boil this egg (producing egg). Type 851; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 414ff.

H507.1.0.2. H507.1.0.2. King defeated in repartee by boy, who thus wins girl. Boy: “Who would give a man a bath, feed him his rice, and then bring him the tamal-pan to chew?” King: “No one but a wife.” Boy claims minister’s daughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

H507.1.1. H507.1.1. Princess offered to man who can defeat her in argument. *Penzer VI 73 n. 3.

J1111.1. Princess skillful in argument.

H507.2. H507.2. Test: making senseless remarks. King brought to say, “What is the sense in that?” Anderson FFC XLII 357; Japanese: Ikeda.

H507.3. H507.3. Contest in wishing. Type 1925; Japanese: Ikeda.

H507.3.1. H507.3.1. Three brothers contest in wishing. Third wishes for all that the other brothers have wished for. Type 1951*.

H507.4. H507.4. Wit combat among three sisters for additional dowry. Replies to husbands when their premarital pregnancy is noticed. Nouvelles Recreations No. 5.

H507.5. H507.5. Contest in scolding as introduction to battle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H507.6. H507.6. Literary contest won by deception: he who will be first silenced is the loser. When the false teacher answers in nonsense syllables, the true scholar is speechless and so loses contest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H508. H508. Test: finding answer to certain question. Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H508.1. H508.1. King propounds questions to his sons to determine successor. England: Child I 13 n., Baughman.

H508.2. H508.2. Bride offered to man who can find answer to question. *Type 306; BP I 198ff.; Wesselski Mдrchen 211; Malone PMLA XLIII 399; Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H509. H509. Tests of cleverness or ability: miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

H509.1. H509.1. Test: threading needle. Guest of convent is given choice of nuns. On the morrow he is given three opportunities to thread a needle. Success means reward, failure confiscation of his belongings. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H509.2. H509.2. Contest in making mouths water. Hero uses certain berry that always causes mouths of onlookers to water. India: Thompson-Balys.

H509.3. H509.3. Chess game as test. Irish myth: *Cross.

H509.4. H509.4. Tests of poetic ability. (Cf. H503.) Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H509.4.1. H509.4.1. Test: supplying missing half-stanza. Irish myth: *Cross.

H509.4.1.1. H509.4.1.1. Contest in adding a verse which makes the first poet ridiculous. India: Thompson-Balys.

H509.4.2. H509.4.2. Riddles proposed as tests of poetic ability. Irish myth: *Cross.

H509.4.3. H509.4.3. Understanding poem as test. Irish myth: *Cross.

H509.5. H509.5. Test: telling skillful lie.

H509.5.1. H509.5.1. Test: telling five lies which should so closely resemble the truth the tester will believe them himself. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H510. H510. Tests in guessing. Irish myth: *Cross.

H511. H511. Princess offered to correct guesser. *Type 621; BP III 483; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H511.1. H511.1. Three caskets. Princess offered to man who chooses correctly from three caskets. Alphabet No. 412; Scala Celi 20b No. 127; Oesterley No. 251; Dunlop-Liebrecht 462 n. 74; *Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 18; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 264; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 121 No. 10, (Benga): Nassau 219 No. 33.

H511.1.1. H511.1.1. Choice of two sword sheaths (from one a gold shaft protrudes; from the other, a silver). India: *Thompson-Balys.

H511.1.2. H511.1.2. Suitor must prefer princess to treasures. Irish myth: Cross.

H511.2. H511.2. Test: to guess which of veiled sisters has golden hair. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H512. H512. Guessing with life as wager. *Type 500, 922; *Anderson FFC XLII 252; India: Thompson-Balys.

H515. H515. Guessing contest between kings. India: Thompson-Balys.

H516. H516. Test: guessing trolls‘ names in order to save one’s life. Icelandic: Boberg.

H517. H517. Curse evaded by guessing names in magic writing. Icelandic: Boberg.

H521. H521. Test: guessing unknown propounder‘s name. *Type 500; *BP I 490; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 141 No. 14.

H521.1. H521.1. Test: guessing unknown propounder’s age. *Type 500; Chinese: Graham.

H522. H522. Test: guessing unknown animal (plant).

H522.1. H522.1. Test: guessing origin of certain skin.

H522.1.1. H522.1.1. Test: guessing nature of certain skin--louse-skin. Louse (flea) is fattened and its skin made into coat (drum, etc.) *Type 621; BP III 484; *Taylor MPh XV 224 n. 2; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bиte”; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 5; India: *Thompson-Balys; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 114.

H522.1.2. H522.1.2. Test: guessing nature of certain skin--wolf-skin. BP I 444, III 484.

H522.1.3. H522.1.3. Test: guessing origin of animal lungs. Lungs of fattened lizard are further inflated. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H522.2. H522.2. Test: guessing nature of certain plant. Plant came from scrapings of princesses‘ bodies. India: Thompson-Balys.

H522.3. H522.3. Test: identifying what type of rice is in sack. India: Thompson-Balys.

H523. H523. Test: guessing nature of devil’s possessions. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.1. H523.1. Test: guessing nature of devil‘s horse. Answer: he-goat. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.2. H523.2. Test: guessing nature of devil’s cloth. Answer: goat-skin. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.3. H523.3. Test: guessing nature of devil‘s gold cup. Answer: cup of pitch. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.4. H523.4. Test: guessing nature of devil’s roast meat. Answer: dead dog. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.5. H523.5. Test: guessing nature of devil‘s spoon. Answer: whale rib. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.6. H523.6. Test: guessing nature of devil’s wine glass. Answer: horse‘s hoof. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.7. H523.7. Test: guessing nature of devil’s plate. Answer: stone. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H523.8. H523.8. Test: guessing nature of devil‘s purse. Answer: whip. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.

H524. H524. Test: guessing person’s thoughts. *Anderson FFC XLII 219ff.; Fb “konge” II 264b, “gjжtte” I 452a, “liv” II 438b; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H524.1. H524.1. “What am I thinking?” “That I am the priest.” So answers youth masking as priest. *Type 922; BP III 214ff.; **Anderson FFC XLII 219ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H525. H525. Test: guessing princess‘s birthmarks. *Type 850.

H526. H526. Question: “What is under my cloak?” Questioner has branch of blackthorn laden with berries under her cloak. Irish myth: Cross.

H527. H527. Guessing: whether more of a certain stone is above or below ground. A test set by heathen king for a saint. Irish myth: Cross.

H528. H528. Guessing sex of unborn child (or animal).

H528.1. H528.1. Test: to prophesy offspring of cow and mare. India: Thompson-Balys.

H530--H899.

H530--H899. RIDDLES

H530. H530. Riddles. Only such riddles are treated in this work as appear in tales, ballads, myths, or the like. **J. B. Friedreich Geschichte des Rдthsels (Dresden, 1860); **Taylor English Riddles in Oral Tradition (Berkeley, 1951), A Bibliography of Riddles (FFC CXXVI); R. Petsch Das deutsche Volksrдtsel (Strassburg, 1917); *Anderson FFC XLII 3ff.; *Chauvin VI 42 No. 207; Jewish: *Neuman. A classification of riddles will be found in Lehmann-Nitsche Zs. f. Vksk. XXIV 240ff. and in Von Sydow and Christiansen Iriska gеtor (Folkminnen och Folktankar, II 65--80, VI 120--48).

H540. H540. Propounding of riddles. Irish myth: *Cross.

H540.1. H540.1. Supernatural creatures propound riddles. (See also H541.1.1, H543, G681.) Child I 13ff., 484, II 495; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H540.2. H540.2. Queen propounds riddles. Dickson 41 n. 40.

H540.2.1. H540.2.1. Queen of Sheba propounds riddles to Solomon. *Penzer VI 74; FL I 349ff.; Anderson FFC XLII 237 n. 2; Hertz Gesammelte Abhandlungen (1905) 412ff.; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 32, 297f., *Neuman; *Frazer Old Testament II 564.

H540.3. H540.3. King propounds riddles.

H540.3.1. H540.3.1. Riddles sent to Solomon by King Hiram. (Cf. H548.) Jewish: Neuman.

H540.4. H540.4. Saint as propounder of riddles. Irish myth: Cross.

H540.5. H540.5. Bridegroom propounds riddles at wedding feast. Jewish: Neuman.

H541. H541. Riddle propounded with penalty for failure. *Anderson FFC XLII 252; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H541.1. H541.1. Riddle propounded on pain of death. (Cf. H512.) *Type 922; **Anderson FFC XLII 252; *BP III 230; *Oertel Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 121; Malone PMLA XLIII 398f.; Fb “bejler” IV 31b; English: Child V 493 “riddles”; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H541.1.1. H541.1.1. Sphinx propounds riddle on pain of death. **Laistner Rдtsel der Sphinx; Fb “menneske” II 578a; Gascon: Bladй I 3 No. 1; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 349 n. 1; Persian: Carnoy 335; Hindu: Penzer IX 143.

H541.2. H541.2. Riddle propounded on pain of loss of property. *Anderson FFC XLII 253; English: Child V 493 “riddles”.

H541.2.1. H541.2.1. Fine for failure to solve riddle. Jewish: Neuman

H541.3. H541.3. Riddle propounded on pain of loss of official position. *Anderson FFC XLII 252.

H542. H542. Death sentence escaped by propounding riddle king (judge) cannot solve *Type 927; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 314f.; **F. J. Norton FL LIII 27--57; Kцhler-Bolte I 46; Penzer I 51, 51n.; Malone PMLA XLIII 407; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 112 No. 927*A.

H542.1. H542.1. Riddle assigned defendant in action. If he solves it he wins suit. India: Thompson-Balys.

H543. H543. Escape from devil by answering his riddles. *Type 812; BP III 12ff.; Fb “spшrgsmеl” III 524b; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 754; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 275 No. 86.

H543.1. H543.1. Devil held off from person by answering his riddles. St. Andrew the Bishop, and the Devil. The Devil, in form of beautiful maiden visits a holy bishop. St. Andrew appears as a pilgrim, answers the questions through which the devil seeks to keep him at a distance and discomfits the devil. (Cf. B302.22.3.) Anderson FFC LXII 353; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 45; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H543.2. H543.2. Child in cradle guesses devil’s riddle: all are saved. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3121A.

H544. H544. Answers found in other world to riddles propounded on way. Type 461; Aarne FFC XXIII 129; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H548. H548. Riddle contests. *BP II 370; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 435b n. 150; Frazer Old Testament II 564; Child I 405; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 427, 458.

H548.1. H548.1. King and rabbi exchange riddles. Jewish: Neuman.

H551. H551. Princess offered to man who can out-riddle her. *Types 725, 851, 900; BP I 188ff., 200; Philippson FFC L 22; *Chauvin V 192, 192 No. 113; Fb “bejler” IV 31b; Malone PMLA XLIII 414; von der Hagen Gesammtabenteuer III *lxi; Child V 493 s.v. “riddles”.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 851A*; India: Thompson-Balys; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 278; Africa: Werner African 356.

H551.1. H551.1. Man wins wife by instructing her how to answer her mother‘s riddles. Child I 418f.

H551.2. H551.2. Woman gives self to solver of riddles. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H552. H552. Man marries girl who guesses his riddles. Child V 493 s.v. “riddles”; Irish myth: Cross.

H561. H561. Solvers of riddles.

H561.1. H561.1. Clever peasant girl asked riddles by king. *Type 875; **De Vries FFC LXXIII 52ff.; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 195a; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H561.1.0.1. H561.1.0.1. Clever peasant wife asks king riddles. India: Thompson-Balys.

H561.1.1. H561.1.1. Conflict between peasant and nobleman decided so that each must answer riddles: peasant’s daughter solves them. De Vries FFC LXXIII 65ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

H561.1.1.1. H561.1.1.1. Clever daughter construes enigmatic sayings. India: Thompson-Balys.

H561.1.2. H561.1.2. Found mortar taken to king reveals peasant girl‘s wisdom. Peasant finds mortar in his field and against his daughter’s advice takes it to the king, who demands the pestle as well. Peasant laments that he has not followed daughter‘s advice. King summons her. *Type 875; De Vries FFC LXXIII 15ff., 62ff.

H561.2. H561.2. King and abbot. King propounds three riddles to abbot to answer on pain of death. Herdsman disguises as abbot and answers questions. *Type 922; **Anderson FFC XLII; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 55; Fb “hyrde” I 719; India: Thompson-Balys; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H561.3. H561.3. Solomon and Marcolf. Witty questions and answers between youth and servant. *BP II 359 n. 2; Fb “Salomon”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 317 No. 146.

H561.3.1. H561.3.1. King Solomon as master riddle-solver. (Cf. H540.2.1, H540.4.) Jewish: Neuman.

H561.4. H561.4. King and clever youth. King asks questions; youth returns riddling answers. *Type 921; **De Vries FFC LXXIII 111ff., 308ff.; Anderson FFC XLII 356 n. 2; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H561.5. H561.5. King and clever minister. King propounds riddles and questions to his clever minister. **De Vries FFC LXXIII 365ff.; *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “Ahiqar”; *Marc Studien zur vgl. Littgesch. II 393f., III 52; **Meissner Das Mдrchen vom weisen Achikar (Leipzig, 1917); Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H561.6. H561.6. King and peasant vie in riddling questions and answers.

H561.6.1. H561.6.1. King and peasant: the plucked fowl. The king gives riddling questions to a peasant, who always interprets them right. The king says that he will send the peasant a fowl which he shall pluck. The king gives the same questions to his courtiers, who cannot interpret them. They pay the peasant good money for the answers. Peasant tells king that he has plucked the fowl. Anderson FFC XLII 342; India: Thompson-Balys.

H561.7. H561.7. Druid as solver of riddles. Irish myth: Cross.

H561.8. H561.8. Cleric as solver of riddles. Irish myth: Cross.

H561.9. H561.9. Clever prince interprets enigmatic statements. Icelandic: Boberg.

H561.10. H561.10. Saint as solver of riddles. Irish myth: *Cross.

H562. H562. Inscription on home of riddle-solver “I have no care.” Anderson FFC XLII 244.

H565. H565. Riddle propounded from chance experience. On way to riddle trial youth sees things that give him a clue for his riddles. *Type 851.

H565.1. H565.1. Happenings before feast give Samson clue for riddles. Jewish: Neuman.

H570. H570. Means of solving riddles.

H571. H571. Counterquestions. Riddles answered by a question that reduces the riddle to an absurdity. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 275 No. 299; Wesselski Arlotto I 215 No. 59; Anderson FFC XLII 346; Japanese: Ikeda.

H571.1. H571.1. Counterquestion: “What is difference between you and an ass? What is difference between you and a cushion.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 228 No. 74.

H572. H572. Reductio ad absurdum of riddle: stallions of Babylon. “Why is my mare restless when stallions of Babylon neigh?” Hero beats cat for having strangled a cock last night in Babylon (impossible distance away). BP II 372; Chauvin VI 39 No. 207 n. 4.

H573. H573. Answer to riddle found by trickery. *Type 621.

H573.1. H573.1. Riddle solved with aid of hidden informant. Malone PMLA XLIII 400; Irish myth: Cross.

H573.2. H573.2. Problem of why certain person cannot sleep solved by trickery. Irish myth: Cross.

H573.3. H573.3. Riddle solved by listening to propounder talk in his sleep. German: Grimm No. 22.

H574. H574. Riddles solved with aid of propounder’s wife. (Cf. G530.2, H335.0.1, H974.) Jewish: Neuman.

H575. H575. Accidental discovery of answer to riddle. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H580. H580. Enigmatic statements. Apparently senseless remarks (or acts) interpreted figuratively prove wise. *Wesselski Mдrchen 197; **De Vries FFC LXXIII; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 389, *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 122 No. 1358; Jewish: *Neuman; Arab: Azov 411f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Batak: Voorhoeve 163 No. 169.

H580.1. H580.1. Girl given enigmatic commands must do the opposite. Type 480; Roberts 176.

H581. H581. Three young men arrested tell who they are.

H581.1. H581.1. Arrested man tells who he is: before his father the great incline the head and give blood and money (barber). Chauvin VI 35 No. 205.

H581.2. H581.2. Arrested man tells who he is: the hospitable fire of his father is sought (bean merchant). Chauvin VI 35 No. 205.

H581.3. H581.3. Arrested man tells who he is: father throws himself into the ranks and holds them (weaver). Chauvin VI 35 No. 205.

H581.4. H581.4. Arrested farmer tells who he is: one son is thief (priest), second beggar (teacher), and third murderer (doctor). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 921B*.

H582. H582. Riddling answers betray theft or adultery *BP I 198, II 361f.; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 59 (to Gonzenbach No. 1); *Wesselski Mдrchen 197.

H582.1. H582.1. Riddling answer betrays theft.

H582.1.1. H582.1.1. The full moon and the thirtieth of the month. Prince sends servant to clever girl with a round tart, thirty cakes, and a capon, and asks her if it is full moon and the thirtieth of the month and if the cock has crowed in the evening. She replies that it is not full moon, that it is the fifteenth of the month, and that the capon has gone to the mill; but that the prince should spare the pheasant for the partridge’s sake. She thus shows him that the servant has stolen half the tart, half of the cakes, and the capon. *BP II 361; Kцhler Zs. f. Vksk. VI 59; Arab: Azov 401f.; Africa (Sahel): Frobenius Atlantis VI 79--86.

H582.2. H582.2. Riddling answers betray adultery. BP I 198; *Wesselski Mдrchen 197; India: Thompson-Balys.

H582.2.1. H582.2.1. Enigmatic statement betrays incest. (Cf. T411.) Woman, recognizing cleric as her son by her father (Fiachna), gives him a drink of milk and says, “I give drink to my brother; he is Fiachna‘s son, he is Fiachna’s grandson; his mother is Fiachna‘s daughter.” The son’s reply shows that he understands the situation. Irish myth: *Cross.

H582.3. H582.3. Woman‘s question to her husband disguised as woman, how many men she had in one night. This is properly understood as, how many helpers he had, and answered by lifting ten fingers. Icelandic: Boberg.

H583. H583. Clever youth (maiden) answers king’s inquiry in riddles. (Cf. H561.4.) *Type 921; India: Thompson-Balys.

H583.1. H583.1. King: What do you see? Youth: One and a half men and a horse‘s head. (Himself, the legs of the king on horseback in the door, and the horse’s head.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 84, 87, 151ff.; *Basset 1001 Contes II 41.

H583.1.1. H583.1.1. King: Are you alone at home? Youth: Not now; I see the half of two quadrupeds. (Two legs of the king and the forefeet of his horse.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 84, 87.

H583.2. H583.2. King: What is your father doing? Youth: He is in the vineyard and is doing good and bad. (He prunes vines and sometimes cuts good and sometimes lets bad ones stay.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 84, 87.

H583.2.1. H583.2.1. King: What is your father doing? Youth: Makes an evil greater. (Closes up a path; this causes another to be opened.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 116ff.

H583.2.2. H583.2.2. King: What is your father doing? Youth: Makes many out of few. (Sows grain.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 116ff.

H583.2.3. H583.2.3. King: What is your father doing? Youth: Makes better from good. (Hedges his field.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 116ff.

H583.2.4. H583.2.4. King: What is your father doing? Youth: Cuts wood which was burnt last year. (To pay old debts.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 116ff.

H583.2.5. H583.2.5. King: What is your father doing? Youth: He fences thorns with thorns. (Eggplant garden fenced with thorns.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H583.3. H583.3. King: What is your brother doing? Youth: He hunts; he throws away what he catches and what he does not catch he carries with him. (Hunts for lice on his body.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 128ff.; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 120 No. 102; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H583.3.1. H583.3.1. King: What is your brother doing? Youth: He runs back and forth. (Plows.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 128ff.

H583.3.2. H583.3.2. King: What is your brother doing? Youth: He sits between heaven and earth. (In a tree.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 128ff.

H583.4. H583.4. King: What is your mother doing? Youth: She does for another what the latter cannot do for her. (Lays out a corpse.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 124ff.

H583.4.1. H583.4.1. King: What is your mother doing? Youth: She shows the light of the world to one who has not yet seen it. (Assists at a birth.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 124ff.

H583.4.2. H583.4.2. King: What is your mother doing? Youth: She is baking the bread we ate last week. (To pay back borrowed bread.) (Cf. H583.2.4.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 124ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 85, 87.

H583.4.3. H583.4.3. King: What is your mother doing? Youth: She cuts off the heads of the well to cure the sick. (Kills chickens to feed her sick mother.) Kцhler-Bolte I 85, 87.

H583.4.4. H583.4.4. King: What is your mother doing? Youth: She drives away the hungry and compels the filled to eat. (Drives away the hungry hens and stuffs the geese.) Kцhler-Bolte I 85, 87.

H583.4.5. H583.4.5. King: What are your mother and father doing? Girl: Mother is separating earth (being a midwife), and father is mixing earth (at a funeral). India: Thompson-Balys.

H583.4.6. H583.4.6. King: What is your mother doing? Girl: She has gone to turn one into two (to split peas). India: Thompson-Balys.

H583.5. H583.5. King: What is your sister doing? Youth: She is mourning last year‘s laughter. (Nurses child, the fruit of last year’s love affair.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 133ff.

H583.6. H583.6. King: What are you doing? Youth: I boil those which come and go. (Beans which keep rising and falling in water.) *Types 875, 921; De Vries FFC LXXIII 115.

H583.7. H583.7. King: Where shall I tie my horse? Maiden: Between summer and winter. (Between wagon and sleigh.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 254.

H583.8. H583.8. Maiden (to king): The house has neither eyes nor ears. (No child at window nor dog in yard to announce king‘s approach: he therefore finds her not dressed to receive him.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 252.

H583.9. H583.9. Maiden (to king): Shall I feed you with loss or gain. (A slaughtered hen or milk.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 254; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1465*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 877*.

H583.10. H583.10. Girl to king: Should it (the flood) come I shall not come; should it not come, I shall come. India: Thompson-Balys.

H584. H584. Other riddling answers. Icelandic: Boberg.

H585. H585. Enigmatic conversation of king and peasant. India: Thompson-Balys.

H585.1. H585.1. The four coins. (Focus.) King: What do you do with the four coins you earn? Peasant: First I eat (feed self); second I put out at interest (give my children); third I give back (pay debts); fourth I throw away (give my wife.) Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 161 (to Gonzenbach No. 50); BP IV 137; Oesterley No. 57; cf. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 8; Anderson FFC XLII 356 n. 1.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 921A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 921 I*; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Swahili): Steere 295.

H585.2. H585.2. King: Why did you not do it (marry so that sons could help you)? Peasant: I did, but it was not God’s will (I married three times but it was not God‘s will to give me sons). India: Thompson-Balys.

H586. H586. Riddling remarks of traveling companion interpreted by girl (man) at end of journey. De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 197 No. 7; India: Thompson-Balys.

H586.1. H586.1. Man helps traveler and makes riddling remarks. Gives him food, shares his coat in rain, and carries him over stream. Reproaches him with traveling without mother, house, or bridge (nourishment, shelter, or horse). *Kцhler-Bolte I 197f.; Nouvelles de Sens No. 3.

H586.2. H586.2. Traveler says he is going to the city to see what has become of the seed he sowed in the street. (What has become of the girl he left in the city to await his return.) Kцhler-Bolte I 197; Nouvelles de Sens No. 3.

H586.2.1. H586.2.1. Traveler says he is going to seek a hind that he saw in the woods ten years before. (A maiden.) Wesselski Mдrchen 197 No. 7.

H586.2.2. H586.2.2. Traveler says he must look after his net to see if it has taken fish. (He has left his lady seven years before with a pledge of faithfulness. Net has taken fish--lady has had lovers.) English: Child I 191 n.

H586.3. H586.3. One traveler to another: Let us carry each other and shorten the way. (Let us tell tales and amuse ourselves on the way.) *Wesselski Mдrchen 197 No. 7; Nouvelles de Sens Nos. 3, 8; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H586.4. H586.4. One traveler to another: That field (uncut) is already harvested. (Belongs to spendthrift who has already spent the money.) Wesselski Mдrchen 197 No. 7.

H586.5. H586.5. One traveler to another (as they see corpse borne by): He is not entirely dead. (Has left good property.) Wesselski Mдrchen 197 No. 7.

H586.6. H586.6. One traveler to another (when asked how he crossed an unbridged stream): I cross on an ashen bridge. (Found a ford with an ashen staff.) Wesselski Mдrchen 197 No. 7; Nouvelles de Sens No. 8.

H586.7. H586.7. One traveler to another: Is this cup valuable or not? (Is your daughter married or not?) India: Thompson-Balys.

H586.8. H586.8. Boy says that travelers should catch the mares (walking sticks that are in the jungle). India: Thompson-Balys.

H587. H587. King gives enigmatic order to minister.

H587.0.1. H587.0.1. Enigmatic letter of king must be explained on pain of death. India: Thompson-Balys.

H587.1. H587.1. King: Show me a ruby eight for a pice, nectar eight for a pice, and a faithless creature worth one-eighth of a pice. Minister: The lamp sells at eight for a pice and gives more light than any ruby; the water is the real nectar; and the dog is worthless and faithless lover because he follows anyone who feeds him. India: Thompson-Balys.

H588. H588. Enigmatic counsels of a father. Taken literally bring trouble, but when properly interpreted are valuable. Icelandic: Hervarar saga 36--39, 116--18, *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys, (Kashmir): Knowles 243; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 232; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 256 No. 200.

H588.0.1. H588.0.1. Father-in-law gives daughter-in-law enigmatic permission to go home. Chinese: Graham.

H588.1. H588.1. Father’s counsel: walk not in sunshine from your house to your shop. (Attend to business, rising early and retiring late.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.2. H588.2. Father‘s counsel: let pilav be your daily food. (Eat frugally.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.3. H588.3. Father’s counsel: marry a new wife every week. (Do not see your wife too much.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.4. H588.4. Father‘s counsel: on wishing to drink wine go to the vat and drink it. (Stench in vat so great that desire for wine is turned to loathing.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

H588.5. H588.5. Father’s counsel: if you want to gamble, then gamble with experienced gamblers. (If you see how wretched professional gamblers are you will not want to gamble.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 376; India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.6. H588.6. Father‘s counsel: dress up the trunks of trees, cover the road. (Plant the road with fruit trees and betel between the trees.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Batak: Voorhoeve 164f. No. 169.

H588.7. H588.7. Father’s counsel: find treasure within a foot of the ground. (Sons dig everywhere and thus loosen soil of vineyard, which becomes fruitful.) Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 490), 126 (ST 346); Halm Aesop No. 98; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 914*; India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.8. H588.8. Father‘s counsel: the four wells. Three empty and one full (3 sons and father). Full one can fill the three empty but the three when full cannot fill the one when empty (sons when scattered will not support the father). India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.9. H588.9. Father’s counsel: dam up the outlets. (Keep expenditures down--not outlets of rice-field as son-in-law thinks). India: *Thompson-Balys.

H588.10. H588.10. Father‘s counsel: don’t stay too late with a concubine, nor tell her any secret. Icelandic: Boberg.

H588.11. H588.11. Always eat bread with “honey”. (Working diligently, your bread will be as sweet as honey.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 915A*.

H588.12. H588.12. “Never greet anyone.” (Start your work the earliest, so that not you but others may greet you.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 915A*.

H588.13. H588.13. “Always wear new shoes.” (Walk the fields bare-footed, wearing your shoes only when nearing the town.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 915A*.

H588.14. H588.14. “Have a black look” (frown). India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.15. H588.15. “Bite the ear” (do state affairs secretly). India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.16. H588.16. “Take people by the locks” (use your influence to make people subservient to you). India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.17. H588.17. “If you have to go to a prostitute, go early in the morning.” India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.18. H588.18. “When you go to the bazar, eat your morning meal first.” India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.19. H588.19. “A father should always check and never forgive; a mother should always forgive and never check.” India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.20. H588.20. “Do not plant a thorny tree.” India: Thompson-Balys.

H588.21. H588.21. Enigmatic advice: take only salt and water as food. India: Thompson-Balys.

H591. H591. Extraordinary actions explained. Herrmann Saxo II 273.

H591.1. H591.1. Man puts on shoes only when he wades river. (He cannot see what he is walking on.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H591.2. H591.2. Man uses umbrella under trees. (To protect self from falling branches and bird droppings.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H591.3. H591.3. Man cuts hooks for the revenge of his father (Hamlet). Icelandic: *Boberg.

H592. H592. Enigmatic statement made clear by experience.

H592.1. H592.1. “Love like Salt.” Girl compares her love for her father to salt. Experience teaches him the value of salt. *Type 923; *BP III 305 n. 2, IV 407; *Hartland FLJ IV 309; *DeCock Studien en Essays 4f.; Cosquin Contes Indiens 103ff.; Kцhler Aufsдtze 14; India: *Thompson-Balys. Cf. Shakespeare‘s King Lear.

H592.1.1. H592.1.1. “Love like wind in hot sun.” Husband offended but later learns wife’s meaning. Type 923A.

H592.2. H592.2. Poison in nectar: wife who betrays husband to his enemies. India: Thompson-Balys.

H592.3. H592.3. Nectar in poison: mistress who saves her lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

H592.4. H592.4. Dogs in human shape: friends who seduce man‘s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

H592.5. H592.5. Donkey ruling a kingdom: king condemning man unjustly. India: Thompson-Balys.

H593. H593. Suitors receive enigmatic answers. Girls answer in single words, which, when arranged in certain order, show that they accept. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H594. H594. Inhospitality reproved enigmatically.

H594.1. H594.1. Enigmatic statement: roof has no eaves. (Else it would give the beggar shelter.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H594.2. H594.2. Enigmatic statement: the tank (pond) does not belong to you. (Else you would have given the beggar fish to eat.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H594.3. H594.3. Enigmatic statement: the flocks are only rocks and grass. (Else you would have given the beggar milk and curds.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H595. H595. Enigmatic welcome of host. Sounds very inhospitable but properly interpreted makes guests welcome. India: Thompson-Balys.

H595.1. H595.1. Symbolic invitation to continued liberality. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H596. H596. Enigmatic counsels of relatives (other than father). Spanish: Childers.

H596.1. H596.1. Enigmatic counsels of a brother. Spanish: Childers.

H596.1.1. H596.1.1. Enigmatic counsels of older brother. Gray younger brother asks well-preserved older brother for the secret of his good health. Answer: A measured mouth, a close purse, and a knot on the trouser’s fly. Spanish: Childers.

H599. H599. Other enigmatic statements.

H599.1. H599.1. Girl will not drink of water which had no father or mother (i.e., stagnant). India: Thompson-Balys.

H599.2. H599.2. Enigmatic statements of a sham mad man (Hamlet). Icelandic: *Boberg.

H599.3. H599.3. Clever flatterer: Sir, you are a full moon, and my sovereign is a new moon (the full moon will decline, but the new moon has but started on its growth). India: Thompson-Balys.

H599.4. H599.4. Man asked to kill thousands, press hundreds beneath his arm, etc. (To shave his head, put some hairs under his arm, etc.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H599.5. H599.5. Enigmatic counsel: uproot old trees and plant new ones (dismiss old governors and appoint new). Jewish: Neuman.

H599.6. H599.6. Give coals orange color, let glimmer of gold appear like expanse of heaven, prepare two heads of darkness. (Request for chickens for breakfast.) Jewish: Neuman.

H600. H600. Symbolic interpretations. Irish myth: *Cross.

H601. H601. Wise carving of the fowl. Clever person divides it symbolically: head to head of house, neck to wife, wings to daughters, legs to sons; keeps rest for himself. *Type 875; *BP II 360 n. 1; *Taylor JAFL XXXI 555; Kцhler-Bolte II 645ff.; Scala Celi 37a No. 205; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 58.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1580*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1580*; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 1533*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 63, 253, 351.

H601.1. H601.1. Wise division of the goat (similar). India: Thompson-Balys.

H602. H602. Symbolic meaning of numbers, letters, etc.

H602.1. H602.1. Symbolic meaning of numbers. Jewish: Neuman.

H602.1.1. H602.1.1. Symbolic meaning of numbers one to seven (ten, twelve). E.g. One: sun; two: Moses‘ tablets; three: three Maries; etc. *Type 812; *BP III 15 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 156 No. 2045*; Japanese: Ikeda.

H602.2. H602.2. Symbolic interpretation of letters. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 7; Jewish: Neuman.

H602.3. H602.3. Symbolic interpretation of names. Jewish: *Neuman.

H603. H603. Symbolic interpretation of playing cards. Soldier reproved for playing cards during church says that playing cards are his prayerbook and calendar. Ace: one God, one Faith, one Baptism; 2: old and new Testaments; 3: Trinity; 4: evangelists; 5: wise virgins; 6: days of creation; 7: sabbath; 8. Noah’s family; 9: ungrateful lepers; 10: commandments; knave (jack): Judas; queen (of Sheba); king: God; 12 face cards: 12 months; etc. *Type 1613; **Bolte Zs. v. Vksk. XI 376ff., XIII 84; Penzer IV 240 n. 1.

H604. H604. Symbolic meaning of spiced and bitter tongue served at dinner. (Cf. H605, H606.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H605. H605. Angel gives symbolic interpretation of value of work as well as of prayer. Works and prays where monk can see him. (Cf. H604, H606.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H606. H606. Symbolic interpretation of sin. Priest drags heavy sack of sand behind him to show how men drag sin. (Cf. H604, H605.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H607. H607. Discussion by symbols. Sign language. *Penzer I 80f. n.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 32; W. Coland Zs. f. Vksk. XXIV 88; Hertel ibid. XXIV 317; Loewe ibid. XXVIII 126; *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 206; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H607.1. H607.1. Discussion between priest and Jew carried on by symbols. E.g., priest raises three fingers (Trinity); Jew raises arm (one God); etc. *Anderson FFC XLII 354 n. 4; Kцhler-Bolte II 479ff.; *Loewe Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 126; Penzer VI 249; Irish myth: Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 922A*; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H607.2. H607.2. Discussion between two poets (sages?) carried on in poetic obscure language. Irish myth: *Cross.

H607.2.1. H607.2.1. Learned professor from one university examines by signs a professor at another university (actually shoemaker or miller or the like). England, Scotland: *Baughman.

H607.3. H607.3. Princess declares her love through sign language: not understood. India: Thompson-Balys.

H607.4. H607.4. Is town too full of anchorites? Saint entering holy town is sent cup full to brim of milk by its worldly-minded fakirs that he may know the town can hold no more anchorites. Saint floats a flower on milk and returns cup. India: Thompson-Balys.

H608. H608. Symbolic interpretation of official robes.

H608.1. H608.1. Symbolic interpretation of points on a bishop’s hat. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 100.

H611. H611. Youth asks for branch of tree; promised root. (Branch = youngest daughter; root = eldest.) Type 1465*.

H611.1. H611.1. Melons ripe and overripe analogous to girls ready for marriage. Iraq: Ethel Stevens Folk Tales of Iraq (London, 1931) 60.

H611.2. H611.2. Sign message sent by girl to enamored prince; interpreted by prince‘s friend. India: Thompson-Balys.

H611.3. H611.3. Chief asks another for cutting of yams to complete his yam patch (daughter in marriage). Reply that seed yams for the year are shrivelled and old and it is too early for seedlings (his daughters are too young or too old). Tonga: Gifford 43.

H614. H614. Explanation of enigmatic phenomenon. Jewish: Neuman.

H614.1. H614.1. Explanation of phenomenon; a man who not only picks up wood but everything that lies in his path (a miser). India: Thompson-Balys.

H614.2. H614.2. Explanation of phenomenon: large pond emptying itself into several smaller pools (man may spend without getting any return). India: Thompson-Balys.

H617. H617. Symbolic interpretations of dreams. Jewish: Neuman.

H619. H619. Other symbolic interpretations. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

H619.1. H619.1. Symbolic interpretation of chairs in heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

H619.2. H619.2. Symbolic interpretation of church and image therein. Irish myth: Cross.

H619.3. H619.3. Roots and branches of World-tree explained symbolically. Irish myth: Cross.

H619.4. H619.4. Symbolic interpretation of ineffectual thatching of house and building of fire in otherworld. (Cf. F171.6.5, F171.6.6.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H619.5. H619.5. Symbolical interpretation of fight between one-legged bird and twelve-legged bird. One-legged bird symbolizes innocence; twelve-legged bird, guilt. (Cf. B15.6.3.3.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H620. H620. The unsolved problem: enigmatic ending of tale.

H621. H621. Skillful companions create woman: to whom does she belong? Woodcarver carves a doll, tailor clothes her, gardener gives her speech (or the like). (Answer sometimes given: her father, her mother, or her husband). *Type 945; *BP III 53ff.; Tille FFC XXXIV 254; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 199; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 33 No. 3; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 112 No. 39.

H621.1. H621.1. Skillful companions resuscitate girl: to whom does she belong? India: *Thompson-Balys.

H621.2. H621.2. Girl rescued by skillful companions: to whom does she belong? *Type 653; *BP III 45; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H625. H625. Hare and pig race across ditch. Each fails in his own way, pig behind hare. Which is winner? India: Thompson-Balys.

H630. H630. Riddles of the superlative.

H631. H631. Riddle: what is the strongest? *Types 461, 875, 922; *BP II 357; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 84, Aarne FFC XXIII 129; Japanese: Ikeda.

H631.1. H631.1. What is the strongest? A horse. *De Vries FFC LXXIII 85; Arab: Azov JPASB II 415f.

H631.2. H631.2. What is the strongest? God. De Vries FFC LXXIII 85.

H631.3. H631.3. What is strongest? Earth. Type 875; De Vries FFC LXXIII 85; *BP II 357; Kцhler-Bolte I 457f.

H631.4. H631.4. What is strongest? Woman. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 23, 360, Neuman.

H631.5. H631.5. What is strongest? Truth. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.

H631.6. H631.6. What is mightiest? Rain. India: Thompson-Balys.

H631.7. H631.7. What is strongest? Necessity. BP II 359.

H631.8. H631.8. What is strongest? Wine. Jewish: *Neuman.

H631.9. H631.9. What is strongest? The king. Jewish: *Neuman.

H632. H632. Riddle: what is the swiftest? *Type 875; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 69ff.

H632.1. H632.1. What is swiftest? Thought. *De Vries FFC LXXIII 71; *BP III 233.

H632.2. H632.2. What is swiftest? The eye. *De Vries FFC LXXIII 72.

H632.3. H632.3. What is swiftest? The sun. De Vries FFC LXXIII 72.

H633. H633. Riddle: what is sweetest? Type 875; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 79ff.; *BP III 233.

H633.1. H633.1. What is sweetest? Sleep. *De Vries FFC LXXIII 81.

H633.2. H633.2. What is sweetest? Peace in heaven. *De Vries FFC LXXIII 81.

H633.3. H633.3. What is sweetest? Mother’s breast. De Vries De Sage van het ingemetselde Kind (Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor volkskunde XXXII 192ff); BP III 43; Krappe Balor 165ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

H633.4. H633.4. What is sweetest? One‘s own interest. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H633.5. H633.5. What is sweeter than sugar? The princess’s speech. India: Thompson-Balys.

H634. H634. Riddle: what is the sweetest song? *Type 922; *Anderson FFC XLII 233; Irish myth: Cross.

H634.1. H634.1. What is the sweetest song? Angel song. Anderson FFC XLII 233.

H635. H635. Riddle: what is the sweetest sound? Anderson FFC XLII 233; De Vries FFC LXXIII 90; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H635.1. H635.1. What is the sweetest sound? Bell-ringing. Anderson FFC XLII 233; De Vries FFC LXXIII 91; BP II 357.

H635.2. H635.2. What is the sweetest sound? God‘s Word. De Vries FFC LXXIII 90.

H636. H636. Riddle: what is the richest? Types 461, 875; BP III 357; Aarne FFC XXIII 129.

H636.1. H636.1. What is richest? Autumn. Type 875; BP III 349; Kцhler-Bolte I 457f.

H637. H637. Riddle: what is the hardest? BP III 16.

H637.1. H637.1. What is hardest? Parent’s heart (said by child being sacrificed). *De Vries De Sage van het ingemetselde Kind (Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor volkskunde XXXII 192ff.); BP III 43; *Krappe Balor 165ff.

H637.2. H637.2. What is the hardest? Death. De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H638. H638. Riddle: what is costliest? BP III 233.

H638.1. H638.1. What is costliest? The earth. Kцhler-Bolte I 457f.

H641. H641. Riddle: what is most beautiful? *BP II 357; Kцhler-Bolte I 457f.

H641.1. H641.1. What is most beautiful? The spring. *Type 875; *BP II 357; Kцhler-Bolte I 457f.

H641.2. H641.2. What is most beautiful? Earth. BP II 358.

H642. H642. Riddle: what is highest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 93.

H642.1. H642.1. What is highest? Sun, moon, and stars. De Vries FFC LXXIII 93.

H643. H643. Riddle: what is deepest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 92.

H643.1. H643.1. What is deepest? The heart of man. De Vries FFC LXXIII 92; BP II 358.

H644. H644. Riddle: what is longest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 93.

H644.1. H644.1. What is longest? The way through the world. De Vries FFC LXXIII 93.

H645. H645. Riddle: what is the heaviest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H645.1. H645.1. What is heaviest? Lead. De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H646. H646. Riddle: what is greenest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H646.1. H646.1. What is greenest? The Month of May. De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H647. H647. Riddle: what is the most beloved? De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H647.1. H647.1. What is most beloved? Life. De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H647.2. H647.2. What is most beloved? Health. De Vries FFC LXXIII 94.

H648. H648. Riddle: what is best? De Vries FFC LXXIII 95; *Krappe Revue Celtique XLVII 401ff.

H648.1. H648.1. What is best? God. De Vries FFC LXXIII 95; BP II 358.

H648.2. H648.2. What is best? Water. De Vries FFC LXXIII 95.

H651. H651. Riddle: what is brightest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 88.

H651.1. H651.1. What is brightest? The sun. De Vries FFC LXXIII 89.

H651.2. H651.2. What is brightest? Mother‘s eyes. (Cf. H662.) De Vries De Sage van het ingemetselde Kind (Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor volkskunde XXXII 192ff.).

H652. H652. Riddle: what is softest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 87; BP II 358.

H652.1. H652.1. What is softest? The hand. (In order to lie soft one places his hand between the head and the pillow.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 88; BP II 358.

H652.2. H652.2. What is softest? Mother’s bosom. De Vries De Sage van het ingemetselde Kind (Nederlandsche tijdschrift voor volkskunde XXXII 192ff.)

H653. H653. Riddle: what is the fattest? De Vries FFC LXXIII 75ff.

H653.1. H653.1. What is the fattest? The earth. De Vries FFC LXXIII 77; BP II 357f.; Anderson FFC XLII 232 n. 3.

H659. H659. Riddles of the superlative--miscellaneous.

H659.1. H659.1. Riddle: what is oldest?

H659.1.1. H659.1.1. What is oldest? God. BP II 358.

H659.2. H659.2. Riddle: what four things are hardest to hold? Anderson FFC XLII 228.

H659.2.1. H659.2.1. What four things are hardest to hold? Wolf by eyebrows, bear by claws, snake by tail, hawk by beak. Anderson FFC XLII 228.

H659.3. H659.3. Riddle: what are best and worst stones?

H659.3.1. H659.3.1. What are best and worst stones? Best: altar, whetstone, millstone; worst: hailstone, stone in the eye, gallstone. Anderson FFC LXII 228; BP III 220 n. 3; De Vries FFC LXXIII 95.

H659.4. H659.4. Riddle: what is the best fowl?

H659.4.1. H659.4.1. What is the best fowl? The goose, since it makes the cabbage sweet and the bed soft. Type 922; BP III 233.

H659.5. H659.5. Riddle: what is best religion--Christian or Mohammedan?

H659.5.1. H659.5.1. What is best religion--Christian or Mohammedan? They are equally good: as both eyes are equally dear to you, so are both religions to God. (Cf. J1262.9.) Anderson FFC XLII 237.

H659.6. H659.6. Riddle: what kind of work occupies most men?

H659.6.1. H659.6.1. What kind of work occupies most men? Healing, for every sick man practices this. Anderson FFC XLII 228.

H659.7. H659.7. Riddle: what is greatest?

H659.7.1. H659.7.1. What is greatest? Fame. BP II 358.

H659.7.2. H659.7.2. What is the greatest? A sense of shame. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H659.7.3. H659.7.3. What is the greatest? Charity. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H659.7.4. H659.7.4. What is the greatest villainy? Stealing. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H659.8. H659.8. What is moistest? The south wind. Arab: Azov JPASB II 415f.

H659.9. H659.9. Riddle: what is wisest?

H659.9.1. H659.9.1. What is wisest? Time. BP II 358.

H659.10. H659.10. Riddle: what is most general?

H659.10.1. H659.10.1. What is most general? Hope. BP II 359.

H659.11. H659.11. Riddle: what is most useful?

H659.11.1. H659.11.1. What is most useful? Excellence. BP II 359.

H659.12. H659.12. Riddle: what is most shameful?

H659.12.1. H659.12.1. What is most shameful? Cowardice. BP II 359.

H659.13. H659.13. Riddle: what is most pleasant?

H659.13.1. H659.13.1. What is most pleasant? Love. (In spite of childbirth pains women continue becoming pregnant.) Arab: Azov JPASB II 415f.

H659.14. H659.14. Riddle: what is easiest?

H659.14.1. H659.14.1. What is easiest? The natural. BP II 359.

H659.15. H659.15. Riddle: what is the hardest to skin?

H659.15.1. H659.15.1. What is the hardest to skin? The male member. De Vries FFC LXXIII 96.

H659.16. H659.16. Who are the best painters? Women (in the art of make-up). Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H659.17. H659.17. Riddle: what is the best time to eat? For the rich man, when he wishes; for the poor man, when he has something to eat. Spanish: Childers.

H659.18. H659.18. What are the most accursed things?

H659.18.1. H659.18.1. What are the most accursed things? A thriftless wife, a baldheaded daughter, a sour-faced daughter-in-law, a crooked axle, and a field which lies across the village road. India: Thompson-Balys.

H659.19. H659.19. What is the most difficult to find and the most difficult to lose? The truth. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H659.20. H659.20. Who are really irresistible? Meat and drink. India: Thompson-Balys.

H659.21. H659.21. Who are really meek? Cows and daughters. India: Thompson-Balys.

H659.22. H659.22. Which is best, domestic or ascetic life? With good wife domestic life is best. India: Thompson-Balys.

H659.23. H659.23. Which is the best of flowers? Cotton. India: Thompson-Balys.

H659.24. H659.24. What is the finest jewel? India: Thompson-Balys.

H659.25. H659.25. What is most faithful thing in world? India: Thompson-Balys.

H659.26. H659.26. What is most faithless thing in world? India: Thompson-Balys.

H660. H660. Riddles of comparison. Boberg Danske Studier 1945, 1ff., and Шst og Vest, Afhandlinger til Arthur Christensen (Kbhvn. 1945) 192.--Irish myth: Cross.

H661. H661. Riddle: what is swifter than a bird, the wind or lightning? The eye. (Cf. H632.2.) Gascon: Bladй I 9 No. 1.

H662. H662. Riddle: what is dearer than gold? Mother love. (Cf. H651.2.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 60.

H663. H663. Riddle: what is whiter than a swan? An angel. *Fb “engel”.

H671. H671. Riddle: what is sweeter than honey? (Cf. H633.) BP III 16.

H672. H672. Riddle: what is softer than swan down? (Cf. H652.1.) BP III 16.

H673. H673. Riddle: what is harder than stone? (Cf. H637.) BP III 16.

H674. H674. Who is greater than God? Man‘s purpose. India: Thompson-Balys.

H680. H680. Riddles of distance.

H681. H681. Riddles of terrestrial distance.

H681.1. H681.1. Riddle: how far is it from one end of the earth to the other (east to west)? *Type 922; *Anderson FFC XLII 146ff.; Fb “jord”; BP III 232.

H681.1.1. H681.1.1. How far is it from one end of the earth to the other? A day’s journey, since the sun makes it daily. *Type 922; Anderson FFC XLII 147.--Jewish: *Neuman.

H681.2. H681.2. Riddle: how deep is the earth (or how far to lower world)? Anderson FFC XLII 140.

H681.2.1. H681.2.1. How deep is the earth? It is deep: my grandfather went into it (died) years ago and has not yet returned. Anderson FFC LXII 141.

H681.2.2. H681.2.2. How deep is the earth? My father went five years ago to measure it (died); when he returns I shall tell you the result. Anderson FFC XLII 142.

H681.3. H681.3. Riddle: what is the center of the earth? *Type 922; Anderson FFC XLII 157.

H681.3.1. H681.3.1. Where is the center of the earth? Here; if you don‘t believe it, measure it yourself. Anderson FFC XLII 158; India: Thompson-Balys.

H681.3.2. H681.3.2. Where is the center of the earth? Here, for the earth is round and any point can serve as center. Anderson FFC XLII 158.

H681.4. H681.4. Riddle: how deep is the sea? *Type 922; *Anderson FFC XLII 130.

H681.4.1. H681.4.1. How deep is the sea? A stone’s throw. *Type 922; Anderson FFC XLII 130; BP III 231.

H681.4.2. H681.4.2. How deep is the sea? At first, knee-deep; further on, waist-deep, neck-deep; and beyond that over the head. India: Thompson-Balys.

H682. H682. Riddles of heavenly distance. (Cf. A658.)

H682.1. H682.1. Riddle: how far is it from earth to heaven? *Type 922; BP III 231; Anderson FFC XLII 113; Jewish: *Neuman.

H682.1.1. H682.1.1. How far is it from earth to heaven? A day‘s journey, since Christ went to heaven in one day. (A half-day’s journey, similar reason). *Anderson FFC XLII 119; Wesselski Bebel I 36 No. 75.

H682.1.2. H682.1.2. How far is it from earth to heaven? A day‘s journey, since there is no inn to stop at on the way. *Anderson FFC XLII 119.

H682.1.3. H682.1.3. How far is it from earth to heaven? So and so high, and if you don’t believe it, measure it yourself. *Anderson FFC XLII 118.

H682.1.4. H682.1.4. How far is it from earth to heaven? As far as you can see. *Anderson FFC XLII 120.

H682.1.5. H682.1.5. How far is it from earth to heaven? As far as from heaven to earth. *Anderson FFC XLII 120.

H682.1.6. H682.1.6. How far is it from earth to heaven? Not far; when it thunders there it can be heard here. Anderson FFC XLII 120.

H682.1.7. H682.1.7. How far from earth to heaven? A calf‘s (fox’s) tail, if it were long enough. *Anderson FFC XLII 121; BP III 231; cf. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 96; Fb “kalvehale”.

H682.1.8. H682.1.8. How far from earth to heaven? A leg‘s length, for it is written, Heaven is my throne and earth my footstool. Anderson FFC XLII 121.

H682.1.9. H682.1.9. How far from earth to heaven? One step, for they say, He stands with one foot in the grave and one in heaven. Anderson FFC XLII 122.

H682.1.10. H682.1.10. How far from earth to heaven? The devil knows for he has fallen this distance. Alphabet No. 67.

H682.2. H682.2. Riddle: how wide is heaven? Anderson FFC XLII 227.

H682.2.1. H682.2.1. How wide is heaven? So and so wide, and if you do not believe it, go measure it yourself. Anderson FFC XLII 227.

H682.3. H682.3. How many exits from paradise? Moreno Esdras; Jewish: Neuman.

H685. H685. Riddle: how far is it from happiness to misfortune? Anderson FFC XLII 215.

H685.1. H685.1. How far is it from happiness to misfortune? One day; yesterday I was herdsman and now I am abbot. (Cf. H561.2.) Anderson FFC XLII 216.

H690. H690. Riddles of weight and measure.

H691. H691. Riddles of weight.

H691.1. H691.1. Riddle: how much does the moon weigh? Anderson FFC XLII 172.

H691.1.1. H691.1.1. How much does the moon weigh? A pound, for it has four quarters. *Type 922; BP III 232; *Anderson FFC XLII 173; Kцhler-Bolte I 458.

H691.1.2. H691.1.2. How much does the moon weigh? So and so much, and if you don’t believe it go and weigh it yourself. Anderson FFC XLII 174.

H691.2. H691.2. Riddle: how heavy is the earth? Anderson FFC XLII 143.

H691.2.1. H691.2.1. How heavy is the earth? Take away all the stones and I will weigh it. Anderson FFC XLII 143.

H696. H696. Riddles of measure.

H696.1. H696.1. Riddle: how much water is in the sea? Anderson FFC XLII 134.

H696.1.1. H696.1.1. How much water is in the sea? Stop all the rivers and I will measure it. Anderson FFC XLII 134; Japanese: Ikeda.

H696.1.2. H696.1.2. How much water is in the sea? So and so much, and if you don‘t believe it, go measure it yourself. Anderson FFC XLII 136.

H696.1.3. H696.1.3. How much water is in the sea? A tub-full if the tub is large enough. Anderson FFC XLII 134.

H696.1.4. H696.1.4. How many measures of water are in the river? India: Thompson-Balys.

H700. H700. Riddles of numbers.

H701. H701. Riddle: how many seconds in eternity? Anderson FFC XLII 232.

H701.1. H701.1. How many seconds in eternity? A bird carries a grain of sand from a mountain each century; when the whole mountain is gone, the first second of eternity has passed. (Cf. D791.1.2, H1583, X950.2, Z61.) *Type 922; BP III 232; *Anderson FFC XLII 232.

H702. H702. Riddle: how many stars in the heavens? *Type 922; BP III 231; Anderson FFC XLII 162ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 970.

H702.1. H702.1. How many stars in the heavens? As many as the grains of sand; if you don’t believe it, count them yourself. *Anderson FFC XLII 166.

H702.1.1. H702.1.1. How many stars in the heaven? Two million; if you don‘t believe it, count them yourself. India: Thompson-Balys.

H702.2. H702.2. How many stars in the heavens? As many as the hairs in the head; if you don’t believe it, count them yourself. *Anderson FFC XLII 167.

H702.2.1. H702.2.1. How many stars in the heavens? As many as the hairs in the goatskin (on a donkey). India: Thompson-Balys.

H702.3. H702.3. How many stars in the heavens? As many as the points on paper; if you don‘t believe it, count them yourself. *Anderson FFC XLII 167.

H703. H703. Riddle: how many hairs are in the head? *Types 922, 926**; BP III 231; Anderson FFC XLII 230.

H703.1. H703.1. How many hairs are there in the head? As many as are in the tail of my ass; if you don‘t believe it we will keep pulling out one hair from your beard and one from his tail. Anderson FFC XLII 230.

H704. H704. Riddle: how many drops in the sea. (Cf. H696.1.1.)

H705. H705. Riddle: how many leaves are on the tree? Anderson FFC XLII 175; West Indies: Flowers 459.

H705.1. H705.1. How many leaves are on the tree? As many as there are stems for. *Anderson FFC XLII 176.

H705.2. H705.2. How many leaves are on the tree? So and so many; and if you don’t believe it, go count them. *Anderson FFC XLII 176.

H705.3. H705.3. How many leaves are on the tree? Counterquestion: how many stars in the sky? (Cf. H702.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 970.

H706. H706. Riddle: how many days have passed since the time of Adam? Anderson FFC XLII 227.

H706.1. H706.1. How many days have passed since the time of Adam? The seven days of the week. Anderson FFC XLII 227.

H707. H707. Riddle of dates.

H707.1. H707.1. When were you born? Its beginning is like its end, its top like its bottom (1691). Trog Am Urds-Brunnen IV 105.

H708. H708. Are there more men or women in the world? India: Thompson-Balys.

H710. H710. Riddles of value.

H711. H711. Riddle: how much am I (the king) worth? Anderson FFC XLII 194; cf. Aarne FFC XXIII 129.

H711.1. H711.1. How much am I (the king) worth? Twenty-nine pieces of silver, for Christ was sold for thirty. (Cf. H716.) *Type 922;* Anderson FFC XLII 194; *BP III 232; *Fb “vжrd”.

H712. H712. Riddle: how much is my beard (king‘s) worth? *Type 875; De Vries FFC LXXIII 160; BP II 359.

H712.1. H712.1. How much is king’s beard worth? The months July, August, and September. Kцhler-Bolte I 456.

H712.2. H712.2. How much is king‘s beard worth? A May rain (three rains in summer). De Vries FFC LXXIII 161; Kцhler-Bolte I 456.

H713. H713. Riddle: how much is a golden plow (throne, crown, palace) worth? *De Vries FFC LXXIII 160ff.; *Anderson FFC XLII 180ff.

H713.1. H713.1. How much is a golden plow (throne, crown, palace) worth? A rain in May. *De Vries FFC LXXIII 161ff.; *Anderson FFC XLII 186.

H715. H715. Riddle: how much does the sun earn for his daily work? Anderson FFC XLII 226.

H715.1. H715.1. How much does the sun earn for his daily work? A day’s wages. Anderson FFC XLII 226.

H716. H716. Riddle: how much is a certain crucifix worth? Twenty-nine pieces of silver. (Cf. H711.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H720. H720. Metaphorical riddles. Jewish: *Neuman.

H721. H721. Riddle of the year. **Aarne FFC XXVI 74ff.

H721.1. H721.1. Riddle: tree with twelve branches, each with thirty leaves, black and white. Year, month, days and nights. *Chauvin V 195 No. 114; *BP II 355 n. 1.

H721.2. H721.2. Riddle: tree with leaves white on one side and black on other. Year made up of nights and days. Chauvin V 192 No. 113.

H721.3. H721.3. Riddle: twelve cypresses with thirty boughs each. Years and months. Persian: Carnoy 348.

H721.4. H721.4. Riddle: palace consisting of 8760 stones; twelve trees, thirty branches, each with black and white cluster of grapes. Year, months, days, hours. *Chauvin VI 40 No. 207.

H722. H722. Riddle of the day and night. (Cf. H721.1, H721.2, H721.4.)

H722.1. H722.1. Riddle: white brother, black sister: every morning brother kills sister; every evening sister kills brother; they never die. (Day and night.) Kцhler-Bolte I 116; Gascon: Bladй I 9 No. 1.

H722.2. H722.2. Riddle: black and white horses chasing each other. (Day and night.) Persian: Carnoy 349.

H725. H725. Riddle of the course of the sun.

H725.1. H725.1. Riddle: bird nests on top of one cypress in morning, on top of another in evening. (Bird is the sun.) Persian: Carnoy 349.

H726. H726. Riddle: who are the real travellers? The son and the moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

H731. H731. Riddle of king and courtiers.

H731.1. H731.1. Riddle: king in red; courtiers in white. (Sun and its rays.) Chauvin VI 39 No. 207 n. 1.

H731.2. H731.2. Riddle: king in white; courtiers in white. (Moon and stars.) Chauvin VI 39 No. 207 n. 1.

H731.3. H731.3. Riddle: king in red; courtiers in different colors. (Spring and flowers.) Chauvin VI 39 No. 207 n. 1.

H734. H734. Riddle: what is the mother who devours her children when they grow up? (Ocean and rivers.) Chauvin V 192 No. 113.

H741. H741. Riddle white field, black seed. (Paper with writing.) *Aarne FFC XXVI 35ff.

H742. H742. Riddle: two legs, three legs, four legs. (Man, three-legged stool dog.) **Aarne FFC XXVII 24ff.

H743. H743. Riddle: four hang, four walk, two show the road, one wags behind. (Cow‘s teats, feet, eyes, tail.) (Other answers: cat, dog, horse, hog, etc.) **Aarne FFC XXVII 60ff.

H744. H744. Riddle: six legs, four ears, two faces, etc. (Horse and rider.) **Aarne FFC XXVII 173ff.

H746. H746. Riddle: bill white, horns on feet, knob on head (cock). Zachariae 58.

H751. H751. Riddle: who of fourfold beard is he, of azure foot and neck so ruddy? Arrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

H761. H761. Riddle of the Sphinx: what is it that goes on four legs in the morning, on two at midday, and on three in the evening. (Man, who crawls as a child, walks in middle life, and walks with a stick in old age.) **Aarne FFC XXVII 3ff.; **Laistner Rдtsel der Sphinx; Gascon: Bladй I 10 No. 1.; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 349 n. 1 Kцhler-Bolte I 115; Fb “menneske” II 578a.

H761.1. H761.1. Riddle: two are better than three (two legs better than man with staff in old age). Jewish: *Neuman.

H762. H762. Riddle: what is the creature that is of all countries, that is loved by all the world, and that has no equal? (The sun.) Chauvin V 192 No. 113.

H763. H763. Riddle: the father not yet born, the son already at the top of the house. (Flame and smoke.) Kцhler-Bolte I 268.

H764. H764. Riddle: bird without feathers flies on tree without leaves. (Snow falls on bare tree.) **Aarne FFC XXVIII 1ff.

H765. H765. From wooden spring iron bucket makes stones from which water flows. (Metal stick picks stone from eye. If you rub lids with it, tears come.) Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 32, 297f., *Neuman.

H767. H767. Allegorical riddles. Irish myth: Cross.

H767.1. H767.1. Riddle: what is that thou passest over with haste? (The field of youth; the mountains of youth, etc.) Irish myth: Cross.

H768. H768. What house gives no hostages, cannot be burned, and cannot be harried? (The fairy stronghold [sнdh] of brugh na Boinne.) Irish myth: Cross.

H770. H770. Riddles of explanation. Jewish: Neuman.

H771. H771. Riddle: why is the hair gray before the beard? (It is twenty years older.) *Wesselski Arlotto II 270 No. 222.

H772. H772. Riddle: why are there more days than nights? (The moon turns some nights into days.) Chauvin V 38 No. 365.

H773. H773. Riddle: why are there more living than dead? (There are some of the dead of whom we still speak.) Chauvin V 38 No. 365.

H774. H774. Riddle: why are there more women than men? (Some women make women [i.e., weaklings] of their husbands.) Chauvin V 38 No. 365.

H790. H790. Riddles based on unusual circumstances. India: Thompson-Balys.

H791. H791. Riddle: a fish was my father; a man was my mother. (Man eats magic fish and becomes pregnant; a girl is taken from his knee.) *Type 705; *Fb “fisk” I 297; Norse: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 96.

H792. H792. Riddle of the unborn. I am unborn; my horse is unborn; I carry my mother on my hands. (A boy who has been taken from his dead mother‘s body digs up the body of his mother and makes gloves of her skin. He rides on a colt which has been taken from a dead mare’s body.) *Type 851; BP I 196; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 112 No. 927*B; Africa (Swahili): Werner African 356.

H793. H793. Riddle: seven tongues in a head. (A horse‘s head in which a bird’s nest is found with seven birds in it.) *Type 927; Kцhler-Bolte I 46; *Fb “hestehoved”.

H795. H795. Relationship riddles arising from unusual marriages of relatives. *Kцhler-Bolte I 218; Hertz Abhandlungen 416; Jewish: *Neuman.

H797. H797. Riddle: what does God do? Anderson FFC XLII 200.

H797.1. H797.1. What does God do? He brings low the proud and exalts the lowly (said by shepherd masking as bishop to king, who has exchanged places with him). (Cf. H562.) Anderson FFC XLII 207.

H797.2. H797.2. What does God do? God is astonished that I sit on a horse and the king on an ass (see H797.1.). Anderson FFC XLII 209.

H802. H802. Riddle: one killed none and yet killed twelve. (Horse is poisoned; raven eats of him and dies; twelve robbers eat raven and die.) *Type 851; BP I 188ff.; *Fb “hest” I 598b, “ravn” III 23a; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 172 No. 34; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 284 No. 116.

H803. H803. Riddle: deaths from sleepiness, anger, and greed. Elephant sleeps before snake‘s hole. Snake bites elephant and kills it. Jackal eats hole in elephant and is caught inside. Snake can’t get out of its hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

H804. H804. Riddle: from the eater came forth meat and from the strong sweetness. (Swarm of bees and honey in lion‘s carcass.) Jewish: Judges 14:14.

H805. H805. Riddle of the murdered lover. With what thinks, I drink; what sees, I carry; with what eats I walk. (Queen has cup made from skull of her murdered lover; ring with one of his eyes; she carries two of his teeth in her boots.) *Type 851; *BP I 196, II 361; Kцhler-Bolte I 350, 372; India: Thompson-Balys.

H806. H806. Riddle: drink this wine which a bird took to nest. (Stork took bunch of grapes to nest; boy makes wine from them.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 112 No. 927B*.

H807. H807. Formerly I was daughter, now I am mother; I have a son who was the husband of my mother. (Girl has nursed her imprisoned father through a crack in the prison wall.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 111 No. 927*A.

H810. H810. Riddles based on the Bible or legend. Jewish: *Neuman.

H811. H811. Riddle: who first spun and when? (Eve.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114.

H812. H812. Riddle: what were the clothes of Adam and Eve? (Their hair.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114.

H813. H813. Riddle: who, having neither father nor mother, are dead? (Adam and Eve.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114.

H814. H814. Riddle: who, having had father and mother, is not dead? (Elias.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114; Jewish: Neuman.

H815. H815. Riddle: who, having had father and mother, is not dead like other mortals? (Lot’s wife.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114; Scala Celi No. 821.

H817. H817. Riddle: who has had, here below, two names? (Jacob-Israel.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114.

H821. H821. Riddle: what was the walking tomb with the living tenant? (Jonah and the whale.) Chauvin V 194 No. 114; Jewish: *Neuman.

H822. H822. Riddle: what is the land that has seen the sun only once? (The bottom of the Red Sea during the passage of the Israelites.) Chauvin V 194 No. 114; Jewish: *Neuman.

H822.1. H822.1. What is the land that has seen the sun only once? (The land on which the waters were gathered after the creation.) Jewish: Neuman.

H823. H823. What is the tree that became flesh? (Moses‘s staff.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114.

H824. H824. Riddle: what is that which has drunk water for its sustenance and eaten after its death? (Moses’s staff, which became a serpent.) Chauvin V 194 No. 114.

H825. H825. Riddle: the king is surrounded by his nobles; what is this like? (The idol Bel surrounded by the priests of the god.) Chauvin VI 39 No. 207.

H826. H826. Riddle: what did Christ do in his 30th year? Answer: entered into his thirty-first. (Cf. H865.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H827. H827. Riddle: what does the king of the world of the Devas do? Punishes the bad people. India: Thompson-Balys.

H828. H828. What three not born of male and female ate and drank on earth? (Angels who visited Abraham.) Jewish: Neuman.

H831. H831. Riddle: what house was full of dead? (Philistines in the building demolished by Samson.) Jewish: Neuman.

H832. H832. What was not born, yet life was given to it? (The golden calf.) Jewish: Neuman.

H840. H840. Other riddles.

H841. H841. Riddle: worth of the animal.

H841.1. H841.1. Riddle: what animal is good living but not dead? (Ass.) *Wesselski Arlotto I 215ff. No. 64.

H841.2. H841.2. Riddle: what animal is good dead but not living? (Hog.) *Wesselski Arlotto I 215ff. No. 64.

H841.3. H841.3. Riddle: what animal is good living and dead? (Cow.) *Wesselski Arlotto I 215ff. No. 64.

H841.4. H841.4. Riddle: what animal is not good living or dead? (Wolf.) *Wesselski Arlotto I 215ff. No. 64.

H842. H842. Riddle: animal qualities.

H842.1. H842.1. What animal which lives in sea-water will drown if taken out of it? (Gnнm Abraein.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H842.2. H842.2. What animal which lives in fire will burn if taken out of it? (Tegillus, now called salamander.) (Cf. B768.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H842.3. H842.3. What animal has one voice living and seven voices dead? (Ibis, from whose carcass musical instruments are made.) Jewish: Neuman.

H851. H851. Riddle: what are the two fixed, the two moving, the two joined, the two separated by jealousy, the two eternal enemies? (Heaven and earth; sun and moon; night and day; soul and body; life and death.) Chauvin V 195 No. 114.

H852. H852. What two trees do not fade until they wither? (Yew and holly.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H853. H853. What goodness did man find on earth that God did not find? (An overlord.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H861. H861. Riddle: what are the two combatants without hands or feet or words? (The bull and the buffalo.) Chauvin V 194 No. 114.

H862. H862. Riddle: what is that which is neither man nor jinn nor beast nor bird? (Louse and ant.) Chauvin V 194 No. 114.

H865. H865. Riddle: what do crows do when they are five years old? (They start their sixth year.) (Cf. H826.) Anderson FFC XLII 236 n. 8.

H871. H871. Riddle: what six things are not worth doing? (Sowing salt, mowing pebbles, drinking from an empty jug, making signs to a blind man, wooing at mealtime, playing a harp in a mill.) Anderson FFC XLII 227, *228 n. 1.

H871.1. H871.1. Three stupid things for men to do (various answers). Spanish: Childers.

H875. H875. Riddle: what is the difference between a poor man and a rich? (Riches.) Anderson FFC XLII 229.

H878. H878. Riddle: what is it that one buys who does not want it or use it? (Coffin.) Fb “ligkiste” II 442b.

H881. H881. Riddles with “none” as answer. Fb “ingen” II 27.

H881.1. H881.1. Riddle: how many dead mice go to a feast? (None.) Fb “ingen” II 27.

H882. H882. Riddle: bottom and top of staff. Of the two ends which is the top and which the bottom? Zachariae 58.

H883. H883. Riddle: where is the root of the floor? Below. India: Thompson-Balys.

H885. H885. Riddles about flax. Taylor English Riddles from Oral Tradition (Berkeley, California, 1951) 250; Jewish: *Neuman.

H886. H886. Riddles about naphtha. Jewish: Neuman.

H900--H1199.

H900--H1199. TESTS OF PROWESS: TASKS

H900--H999.

H900--H999. Assignment and performance of tasks.

H900--H949.

H900--H949. ASSIGNMENT OF TASKS

H900. H900. Tasks imposed. A person‘s prowess is tested by assigning him certain tasks (usually impossible or extremely difficult) to be performed either to escape punishment or to receive a valuable reward. *Penzer X 330 s.v. “tests”; *Chauvin VI 200 No. 372.--Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йpreuves”; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 184 n. 1 (Hercules), Fox 80ff. (Hercules), ibid. 98 (Theseus); N. A. Indian: **Lowie The Test Theme in North American Mythology (JAFL XXI 97ff.).

H901. H901. Tasks imposed on pain of death. Types 306, 851; BP I 188; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 53, 83--84, 179, *Boberg; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H901.0.1. H901.0.1. Tasks imposed on pain of death of relative (friend, hostage, etc.). Irish myth: Cross.

H901.0.2. H901.0.2. Bird must bring orphan to king or bird will be killed. Chinese: Graham.

H901.1. H901.1. Heads placed on stakes for failure in performance of task. Unsuccessful youths are beheaded and heads exposed. Hero sees them when he sets out to accomplish his task. *Types 329, 507A; *BP III 368; *Taylor Romanic Review IV 21ff.; *Brown Iwain 137 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 119, Frazer Apollodorus II 160 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H902. H902. Task assigned the Gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

H910. H910. Assignment of tasks in response to suggestion.

H911. H911. Tasks assigned at suggestion of jealous rivals. *Types 328, 501, 531, 725; BP I 109, III 18ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 430; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 22; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59 No. 425D; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 7, IV No. 5, Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 459.

H911.1. H911.1. Task (quest) assigned at suggestion of jealous co-wife. Chinese: Graham; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 234.

H912. H912. Tasks assigned at suggestion of jealous brothers (sisters). *Type 408; Kцhler-Bolte I 468; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 328*A, Espinosa Jr. No. 81; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Inca) Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 317; West Indies: Flowers 460.

H913. H913. Tasks assigned by jealous parent.

H913.1. H913.1. Tasks assigned by jealous mother.

H913.1.1. H913.1.1. Task assigned at suggestion of jealous mother (of prospective bride). Irish myth: *Cross.

H913.1.2. H913.1.2. Task suggested by jealous co-wife of mother. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H913.2. H913.2. Tasks assigned at suggestion of jealous father.

H913.2.1. H913.2.1. Task assigned at suggestion of jealous father (of prospective bride). Irish myth: *Cross.

H914. H914. Tasks assigned because of mother‘s foolish boasting. The mother foolishly boasts to the king that the daughter can perform an impossible task (often spinning). *Type 500, 501; BP I 490, 109; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 4.

H915. H915. Tasks assigned because of girl’s (boy‘s) own foolish boast. *Type 501, 1525; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 460.

H915.1. H915.1. Tasks assigned because of man‘s boast. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H916. H916. Tasks imposed at suggestion of spouse (sweetheart).

H916.1. H916.1. Tasks imposed because of wife’s foolish boast. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H916.1.1. H916.1.1. Malicious wife reports that her husband is a famous doctor: he is commanded to cure the princess. *Crane Vitry 231f. No. 237; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVI 89 n. 1; Herbert III 19; Japanese: Ikeda.

H916.2. H916.2. Task imposed because of girl’s foolish boast. India: Thompson-Balys.

H916.3. H916.3. Tasks assigned at suggestion of wife and paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

H917. H917. Tasks assigned at own unwitting suggestion. Jason thus sent for the Golden Fleece. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 94 n. 1.

H918. H918. Tasks assigned at suggestion contained in letter borne by the victim. Greek: Fox 39 (Bellerophon); Japanese: Ikeda.

H919. H919. Assignment of tasks in response to suggestion--miscellaneous.

H919.1. H919.1. Tasks assigned at suggestion of treacherous servants. Icelandic: Herrmann II 583ff., *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H919.1.1. H919.1.1. Task upon suggestion of barber. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H919.2. H919.2. Tasks assigned at suggestion of religious person. India: Thompson-Balys.

H919.3. H919.3. Task assigned at suggestion of parrot. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H919.4. H919.4. Impossible task assigned by plaintiff as proof. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H919.5. H919.5. Task assigned at suggestion of treacherous soldier. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H919.6. H919.6. Tasks assigned at instigation of queen (disguised ogress). India: Thompson-Balys.

H920. H920. Assigners of tasks.

H921. H921. King (father) assigns tasks to his unknown son. *Type 920; De Vries FFC LXXIII 40ff., 323ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

H921.1. H921.1. Task set by king to sons to determine heir to kingdom. India: Thompson-Balys.

H922. H922. Departing husband assigns his wife tasks. *Kцhler-Bolte II 647ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

H923. H923. Tasks assigned before man may rescue wife from spirit world. Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 169.

H923.1. H923.1. Task assigned before wife may rescue husband from supernatural power. Type 316; German: Grimm No. 181.

H924. H924. Tasks assigned prisoner so that he may escape punishment. De Vries FFC LXXIII 309, 313; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H924.1. H924.1. Tasks assigned as ransom. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H927. H927. Tasks set by deity.

H927.1. H927.1. Tasks as trial of prowess of mortal by gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

H927.2. H927.2. Task assigned by angel on God’s order. Moreno Esdras (H928).

H928. H928. Tasks imposed as tribute. Irish myth: Cross.

H928.1. H928.1. Tasks imposed as fine. Irish myth: *Cross.

H931. H931. Tasks assigned in order to get rid of hero. *Types 428, 461; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 110; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Anesaki 357, Ikeda.

H931.1. H931.1. Prince envious of hero‘s wife assigns hero tasks. *Type 465.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 170; Japanese: Ikeda.

H931.1.1. H931.1.1. Husband assigns tasks for king who has stolen his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

H931.2. H931.2. Disagreeable tasks set hero to do so that he will disobey and be killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

H932. H932. Tasks assigned to devil (ogre). Types 812, 1170--1199; *BP III 16.

H933. H933. Princess sets hero tasks. (Cf. H335.)

H933.1. H933.1. Princess throws handkerchief high in tree; asks hero to get it. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 66 No. 554.

H933.2. H933.2. Maiden queen sets hero three dangerous tasks in order to disenchant her sisters. (Cf. F565.3.) Icelandic: Boberg.

H933.3. H933.3. Princess orders hero to bring her rings of another princess. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H933.4. H933.4. Quest assigned by scorned princess. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H933.5. H933.5. Queen of Sea sets hero tasks. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/441).

H934. H934. Relative assigns tasks. (Cf. H912--H914.)

H934.1. H934.1. Wife assigns husband tasks. Irish myth: Cross.

H934.2. H934.2. Sisters-in-law impose tasks. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H934.3. H934.3. Tasks assigned by stepmother. Chinese: Graham.

H934.4. H934.4. Task imposed by elder brothers. India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross (H913.1.3.)

H935. H935. Witch assigns tasks. Type 480, *Roberts; BP I 207; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1137A*.

H936. H936. Tasks assigned because of longings of pregnant woman. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H937. H937. Task assigned by dying child. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H938. H938. Fairy assigns tasks. (Cf. H1219.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H939. H939. Other assigners of tasks. Irish myth: Cross.

H939.1. H939.1. Tasks assigned by druid. Irish myth: Cross.

H939.2. H939.2. Tests imposed on woman by prospective paramour. Nouvelles de Sens No. 4.

H939.3. H939.3. Tasks set by cruel sisters-in-law to get tigress. India: Thompson-Balys.

H939.4. H939.4. Giant assigns task. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H939.4.1. H939.4.1. Serpent-king assigns task. India: Thompson-Balys.

H940. H940. Assignment of tasks--miscellaneous.

H941. H941. Cumulative tasks: second assigned so that first can be done. *Cosquin Contes indiens 474ff.; Chauvin VI 109 No. 274 n. 3; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H942. H942. Tasks assigned as payment of gambling loss. (Cf. H1219.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H945. H945. Tasks voluntarily undertaken.

H945.1. H945.1. Warriors go towards strong enemy as consequence of own boast. Icelandic: Boberg.

H945.2. H945.2. Hero goes north to fight with trolls. (Cf. F455.) Icelandic: Boberg.

H946. H946. Task assigned from misunderstanding.

H946.1. H946.1. Task assigned from misunderstanding: search for prince named Sabr (“wait”). India: Thompson-Balys.

H950--H999.

H950--H999. Performance of tasks.

H950. H950. Task evaded by subterfuge.

H951. H951. Countertasks. When a task is assigned, the hero agrees to perform it as soon as the assigner performs a certain other task. (Cf. H691.2.1, H1021.1.1, H1021.3, H1021.6.1, H1021.6.2, H1022.2.1, H1022.3, H1022.9, H1023.1.1, H1023.1.2, H1023.2.2.1, H1023.9.1, H1023.10.1, H1142.3, H1146.) *Types 531, 875; *BP I 221, II 367, 369, III 18ff.; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff., 145ff., 150ff., 154, 232ff., 241f., 249; *Chauvin VIII 61 No. 26; Zachariae Kleine Schriften 98; *Child V 497 s.v. “tasks”; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda.

H952. H952. Reductio ad absurdum of task. When an impossible task is given, the hero responds with a countertask so absurd as to show the manifest absurdity of the original task. (Cf. H1023.3.1, H1024.1.1.1.) *Type 821B; BP II 368 n. 1; Child I 10f., 13; De Vries FFC LXXIII 265, 269 n. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 237; Chinese: Graham.

H960. H960. Tasks performed through cleverness or intelligence. Irish myth: Cross.

H961. H961. Tasks performed by cleverness. *M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII x; S. A. Indian (Quichй): Alexander Lat. Am. 174.

H962. H962. Tasks performed by close observation. Type 577; India: Thompson-Balys.

H962.1. H962.1. Task: sitting on eggs without breaking them; hero perceives trick. Irish myth: Cross.

H963. H963. Tasks performed by means of secrets overheard from tree. *Type 613; *Christiansen FFC XXIV 96ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda.

H970. H970. Help in performing tasks. India: Thompson-Balys.

H971. H971. Task performed with help of old person. Tonga: Gifford 159f.

H971.1. H971.1. Tasks performed with help of old woman. Types 306, 510, 566, 567; Irish myth: *Cross; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 160; German: Grimm Nos. 9, 14, 29, 122, 125, 133, 181, 186; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Japanese: Ikeda.

H971.2. H971.2. Task performed with help of little old men. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H972. H972. Tasks accomplished with help of grateful dead. *Type 507A; India: Thompson-Balys.

H972.1. H972.1. Tasks performed by captive spirits of the dead. Africa (Fang): Einstein 70ff.; Trilles 190ff. No. 11.

H973. H973. Tasks performed by helpful forest spirits. Maori: Dixon 61.

H973.1. H973.1. Task performed by fairy. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H973.2. H973.2. Tasks performed with help of four demons in ring. India: Thompson-Balys.

H973.3. H973.3. Task performed by dwarfs. (Cf. F451.5.1.) German: Grimm Nos. 13, 55, 64, 91, 113.

H974. H974. Task performed with help of supernatural wife. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Grote I 219; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 357, Ikeda.

H974.1. H974.1. Task performed with help of mistress. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H975. H975. Tasks performed by deity. Greek: Grote I 108.

H975.0.1. H975.0.1. Task performed by deity in answer to prayer. India: Thompson-Balys.

H975.1. H975.1. Tasks performed by aid of goddess. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

H976. H976. Task performed by mysterious stranger. Irish myth: Cross.

H981. H981. Tasks performed with help of brother. Chinese: Graham.

H982. H982. Animals help man perform task. *Types 300, 329, 531, 550, 552, 554, 665.

H982.1. H982.1. Pigeons cover the sun’s rays with their outstretched wings and lengthen night to six months so that hero‘s task can be completed in one night. India: Thompson-Balys.

H983. H983. Task performed with help of angel. (Cf. N810.) Jewish: *Neuman.

H984. H984. Tasks performed with help of saint. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 69 No. 515.

H984.1. H984.1. Tasks performed with help of Brahmadaitya. India: Thompson-Balys.

H985. H985. Task performed with help of druid. Irish myth: *Cross.

H986. H986. Help in performance of tasks: invisible hands. India: Thompson-Balys.

H987. H987. Task performed with aid of magic object. German: Grimm Nos. 28, 91, 122, 133, 165, 181.

H990. H990. Performance of tasks--miscellaneous.

H991. H991. Unpromising hero last to try task (rescue from animal). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1000--H1199.

H1000--H1199. Nature of tasks.

H1010--H1049.

H1010--H1049. IMPOSSIBLE OR ABSURD TASKS

H1010. H1010. Impossible tasks. *Type 428; *Child V 498 s.v. “tasks”; Burton Nights VI 204ff., S VI 4ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I s.v. “Aufgaben, schwierige”; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 168; Chinese: Graham.

H1020. H1020. Tasks contrary to laws of nature.

H1021. H1021. Task: construction from impossible kind of material.

H1021.1. H1021.1. Task: making a rope of sand. *Type 1174; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 154, 155 n. 1; BP III 16; *Fb “reb” III 25b; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 431b n. 45; Chauvin VI 40 No. 207 n. 2.--Icelandic: Boberg.

H1021.1.1. H1021.1.1. Task: making a rope of sand; countertask: first showing the pattern. (Cf. H951.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 154.

H1021.2. H1021.2. Task: making a rope of chaff. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “corde”; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1021.3. H1021.3. Task: making ship of stone. De Vries FFC LXXIII 150ff.; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 235.

H1021.4. H1021.4. Task: making a knot of spilled brandy. *Type 1173.

H1021.5. H1021.5. Task: making an invisible knot with an egg. Finnish: Kalevala rune 8.

H1021.6. H1021.6. Task: weaving a silk shirt from hair. (Cf. H1022.2.2.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 233.

H1021.6.1. H1021.6.1. Task: weaving a silk shirt from hair; countertask: making a loom from shavings. (Cf. H951.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 234.

H1021.7. H1021.7. Task: taking a stick from the body. (Fingernail.) Type 1181.

H1021.8. H1021.8. Task: spinning gold. Type 500; BP I 490ff., *495 n. 1.

H1021.9. H1021.9. Task: sewing a shirt of stone. Fb “sten” III 554a.

H1021.9.1. H1021.9.1. Task: sewing a shirt from flower petals. German: Grimm No. 49.

H1021.10. H1021.10. Task: brewing ale from sweet milk. Irish myth: Cross.

H1021.11. H1021.11. Task: making a peacock of silk. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1022. H1022. Task: construction from impossible amount of material.

H1022.1. H1022.1. Task: weaving cloth from two threads. Type 875; *BP II 349ff., 368; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 232.

H1022.2. H1022.2. Task: making many shirts (clothing an army) from one hank of flax (wool). Kцhler-Bolte I 459, 566; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 151a nn. 503--521.

H1022.2.1. H1022.2.1. Task: clothing an army from one hank of flax; countertask: making horseshoes for cavalry from one needle. (Cf. H951.) Kцhler-Bolte I 459.

H1022.2.2. H1022.2.2. Task: weaving a shirt from a piece of thread; countertask: making a loom from a rod. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1022.3. H1022.3. Task: making sails for ship from one bundle of linen; countertask: making spindle and loom from one stick of wood. (Cf. H951.) Kцhler-Bolte I 459.

H1022.4. H1022.4. Task: making shirt from piece of linen three inches square. Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 64; Herbert Catalogue III 206.

H1022.4.1. H1022.4.1. Task: making shirt derived from a single flax-seed. Irish myth: Cross.

H1022.4.2. H1022.4.2. Task: weaving mantle from wool of a single sheep. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1022.4.3. H1022.4.3. Task: making shawl-cloth one hundred cubits in length out of one cocoon of silk. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1022.5. H1022.5. Task: feeding army from one measure of meal. Kцhler-Bolte I 566.

H1022.5.1. H1022.5.1. Task: making broth for army. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1022.6. H1022.6. Task: making many kinds of food from one small bird. Fansler MAFLS XII 62.

H1022.6.1. H1022.6.1. Task: making ale derived from a single grain of corn. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1022.7. H1022.7. Task: making boat from splinters of a spindle and shuttle. Finnish: Kalevala rune 8.

H1022.8. H1022.8. Task: brewing impossible amount of ale from one grain of corn. Irish myth: Cross.

H1022.9. H1022.9. Task: bringing quantity of mosquito bones within month; countertask: furnishing scales with wind as beams and heat as pans. (Cf. H951.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023. H1023. Tasks contrary to the nature of objects.

H1023.1. H1023.1. Task: hatching boiled eggs. *Type 875; BP II 349ff.; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 241.

H1023.1.1. H1023.1.1. Task: hatching boiled eggs; countertask: sowing cooked seeds and harvesting the crop. (Cf. H951, H952.) *Types 821B, 875; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 242; *BP II 368 n. 1.

H1023.1.2. H1023.1.2. Task: hatching eggs immediately; countertask: sowing seeds and bringing in crop next morning. (Cf. H951, H952.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 242; Kцhler-Bolte I 459.

H1023.2. H1023.2. Task: carrying water in a sieve. *Types 480, 1180, Roberts 138, 165; *BP I 5, 215, III 16, 477 n. 1; *Fb “sеld” III 750a; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 354; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; S. A. Indian (Ackawoi): Alexander Lat. Am. 269.

H1023.2.0.1. H1023.2.0.1. Task: carrying water in sieve; sieve filled with moss. *BP I 5, 215, III 477 n. 1; England: Baughman; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 107 No. 22.

H1023.2.0.2. H1023.2.0.2. Task: carrying water in sieve; pious child able to do so. BP III 477 n. 1.

H1023.2.1. H1023.2.1. Task: carrying water in leaky vessel. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cruche”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 32 No. 4; (Zulu): Callaway 16, (Basuto): Jacottet 15 No. 10, 202 No. 30, (Kaffir): Theal 15, (Angola): Chatelain 163, 171, 179 No. 21.

H1023.2.1.1. H1023.2.1.1. Task: carrying water in leaky vessel; vessel repaired with clay or gum. Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 32 No. 4, (Basuto): Jacottet 15 No. 10.

H1023.2.1.2. H1023.2.1.2. Task: carrying water in leaky vessel; frog sits in hole. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1023.2.2. H1023.2.2. Hero sets wife to task of filling water-bottle with spout turned downward. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 417.

H1023.2.3. H1023.2.3. Impossible task: filling a grain-bin through the hole in the bottom. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.2.4. H1023.2.4. Task: filling a bottomless water tube. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.2.5. H1023.2.5. Task: filling pots having subterranean outlets. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.3. H1023.3. Task: bringing berries (fruit, roses) in winter. *Type 403B, 480, *Roberts 134; BP I 99ff., II 232; *Saintyves Perrault 20; De Vries FFC LXXIII 269 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 159; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 126c.

H1023.3.1. H1023.3.1. Task: bringing berries in winter. Reductio ad absurdum: father is sick from snake-bite (impossible in winter). (Cf. H952.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 269 n. 2.

H1023.3.1.1. H1023.3.1.1. Task: procuring cuckoo to sing in winter. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1023.3.2. H1023.3.2. Task: making withered flowers green. Jewish: Moreno Esdras.

H1023.4. H1023.4. Task: straightening a curly hair. Type 1175; BP III 15; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 636; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 314 No. 113, 329 No. 45; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1023.4.1. H1023.4.1. Task: making a dog‘s tail straight. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.5. H1023.5. Task: pumping out a leaky ship. Type 1179; BP III 16.

H1023.6. H1023.6. Task: washing black wool (cloth, cattle) white. Type 480; *Roberts 165; *Fb “fеr” I 406b, “hvid” I 700b, “skjorte” III 268a, “sort” III 467b; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 314 No. 113, 328 No. 10.

H1023.6.1. H1023.6.1. Task: washing large heavy quilt covered with ghi and oil without aid of soap or anything. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.7. H1023.7. Task: sewing together a broken mill-stone. De Vries FFC LXXIII 152; Jewish: *Neuman.

H1023.7.1. H1023.7.1. Task: sewing together a broken egg. German: Grimm No. 129.

H1023.7.2. H1023.7.2. Task: sewing together a broken ship. German: Grimm No. 129.

H1023.8. H1023.8. Task: fixing the two pieces of a broken sword together. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 202.

H1023.9. H1023.9. Task: mending a broken jug. De Vries FFC LXXIII 249; Jewish: Neuman.

H1023.9.1. H1023.9.1. Task: mending a broken jug; countertask: turning it wrong side out as one does a shoe. (Cf. H951.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 249.

H1023.10. H1023.10. Task: skinning a stone. De Vries FFC LXXIII 145 ff.

H1023.10.1. H1023.10.1. Task: skinning a stone; countertask: first let the stone bleed. De Vries FFC LXXIII 145ff.

H1023.11. H1023.11. Task: putting a large squash whole into a narrow-necked jar. Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 62f.

H1023.12. H1023.12. Task: catching a noise. Type 1177*.

H1023.13. H1023.13. Task: catching a man’s broken wind. Type 1176; BP III 16.

H1023.14. H1023.14. Task: splitting a hair with a blunt knife. Finnish: Kalevala rune 8; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.15. H1023.15. Task: turning fruit into gold. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 5.

H1023.16. H1023.16. Task: making sun and moon shine in the north. Irish myth: Cross.

H1023.17. H1023.17. Task: sowing rye and bringing crop next morning. (Cf. H1023.1.2.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1023.18. H1023.18. Task: putting peaches back on tree. Chinese: Graham.

H1023.19. H1023.19. Task: bringing bundle of faggots without rope to tie them. Helpful snake coils himself about them. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1023.20. H1023.20. Task: fetching water from the well in a bucket without the use of rope to draw it with. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.21. H1023.21. Task: gathering a necklace of rubies from the sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.22. H1023.22. Task: catching a sunbeam. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.23. H1023.23. Task: tying the sun with a stone chain. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.24. H1023.24. Suitor asked to bathe in great cauldron of boiling water without making water lukewarm. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.25. H1023.25. Task: bringing a well (pond, lake) to king. Hero asks for another lake to tie to it and overawes king. Types 1045, 1650; Zachariae Kleine Schriften 93; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1023.25.1. H1023.25.1. Task: bringing well to king; countertask: sending his own well to accompany it. (Cf. H951.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1024. H1024. Tasks contrary to the nature of animals.

H1024.1. H1024.1. Task: milking a bull. De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff.; Fansler MAFLS XII 63; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1024.1.1. H1024.1.1. Task: making a bull bear a calf. De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff., 265.

H1024.1.1.1. H1024.1.1.1. Task: making a bull bear a calf. Reductio ad absurdum: have a man prepare for childbirth. (Cf. H952.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 265; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1024.2. H1024.2. Task: placing frogs in a tree. *BP III 16.

H1024.3. H1024.3. Task: chasing a hare into every trap in a high tree. *Type 1171; BP III 16.

H1024.4. H1024.4. Task: teaching an ass to read. Anderson FFC XLII 357 n. 1; cf. Type 1675.

H1024.5. H1024.5. Task: sowing dragon‘s teeth. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4.

H1024.6. H1024.6. Task: procuring bird out of season. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1024.7. H1024.7. Task: teaching animal to speak.

H1024.7.1. H1024.7.1. Task: teaching horse to speak. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1024.8. H1024.8. Task: spinning wool still on goat’s back. Jewish: *Neuman.

H1025. H1025. Task: obtaining fat (bacon) from swine that never was farrowed. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1026. H1026. Task: changing the course of time.

H1026.1. H1026.1. Task: naming those things which have not yet happened. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (H1011).

H1026.2. H1026.2. Task: bringing past time to present. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (H1023.17).

H1030. H1030. Other impossible tasks.

H1033. H1033. Task: showing picture of a voice. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (H1013).

H1035. H1035. Task: eating the moon. Gascon: Bladй I 8 No. 1.

H1036. H1036. Task: building castle suspended between heaven and earth. *Chauvin VI 38 No. 207 n. 3.

H1038. H1038. Task: getting fruit from top of tall tree without cutting tree. (Cuts roots of tree.) Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 32 No. 4.

H1041. H1041. Task: bringing a plantain leaf from the garden without tearing it. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1042. H1042. Task: recalling a dream someone else has had. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1045. H1045. Task: filling a sack full of lies (truths). *Type 570; *BP III 273; *Fb “sandhed”, “pose”; Russian: Andrejev No. 1630*.

H1045.1. H1045.1. Task: going to get nothing and bringing it back. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1046. H1046. Task: carrying woman across river without wetting feet. Hero fails. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1046.1. H1046.1. Task: dipping water without wetting dipper. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1046.2. H1046.2. Task: cutting and bringing leaves from thorn thicket without tearing them at all. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1046.3. H1046.3. Task: drinking beer without touching pot. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1047. H1047. Task: bringing melon 12 cubits long with seed 13 cubits long. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1049. H1049. Other impossible tasks--miscellaneous.

H1049.1. H1049.1. Task: bringing the foam of the ocean in a large piece of cloth. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1049.2. H1049.2. Task: growing oil seed on stony ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1049.3. H1049.3. Task: setting back sun. (Cf. D2146.1.1.) Samoa: Beckwith Myth 439.

H1049.4. H1049.4. Task: stopping the rain. (Cf. D2141.1.) Samoa: Beckwith Myth 439.

H1050--H1089.

H1050--H1089. PARADOXICAL TASKS

H1050. H1050. Paradoxical tasks. *Type 875; *BP II 362; *Gruffydd Math vab Mathonwy (U. of Wales Press, 1928) 307ff.

H1051. H1051. Task: coming neither on nor off the road. (Comes in the rut or the ditch at side of the road.) *Type 875; BP II 349ff.; De Vries FFC LXXIII 195f.

H1052. H1052. Task: standing neither inside nor outside of gate. (Forefeet of horse inside, hind feet outside.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 198; BP II 362.

H1053. H1053. Task: coming neither on horse nor on foot (riding nor walking). *Type 875; *BP II 362; Kцhler-Bolte I 446ff.; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 186ff.; Fb “kjцre”, “ridende”; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 423; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 63.

H1053.1. H1053.1. Task: coming neither on horse nor on foot. (Comes on another animal.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 187; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H1053.2. H1053.2. Task: coming neither on horse nor on foot. (Comes sitting on animal but with feet reaching ground.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 188; Irish myth: Cross.

H1053.3. H1053.3. Task: coming neither on horse nor on foot. (Comes with one leg on animal’s back, one on ground.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 188.

H1053.4. H1053.4. Task: coming neither on horse nor on foot. (Coming drawn by an animal on net, trough, or sledge.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 189.

H1053.5. H1053.5. Task: coming neither on horse nor on foot. (Walks on a stick horse.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 190.

H1053.6. H1053.6. Task: coming neither on horse nor on foot. (Crawls on all fours.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 190.

H1054. H1054. Task: coming neither naked nor clad. *Type 875; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 181; BP II 349ff.; Fb “klжder”; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1054.1. H1054.1. Task: coming neither naked nor clad. (Comes wrapped in net or the like.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 182; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H1054.2. H1054.2. Task: coming neither naked nor clad. (Comes clothed in own hair.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 181.

H1054.3. H1054.3. Task: coming neither naked nor clad. (Comes with part of body clothed.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 181.

H1054.4. H1054.4. Task: coming “neither in softness nor in hardness.” (Comes clad in garments of mountain down.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H1055. H1055. Task: coming neither barefoot nor shod. (Comes with one shoe on, one off; or in soleless shoes.) Type 875; *BP II 362; De Vries FFC LXXIII 200.

H1056. H1056. Task: coming neither with nor without a present (game). (Lets bird fly as the reaches it toward king.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 205.

H1057. H1057. Task: coming neither by day nor by night. (Comes at twilight.) *De Vries FFC LXXIII 202; *BP II 362; Irish myth: Cross.

H1058. H1058. Task: standing between summer and winter. (Stands between wagon and sleigh.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 213.

H1061. H1061. Task: coming neither with nor without a companion. (Comes with an animal.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; De Vries FFC LXXIII 212.

H1062. H1062. Task: coming neither washed nor unwashed. (Comes partly washed.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 211.

H1063. H1063. Task: coming neither hungry nor satiated. (Eats a thin soup, a leaf, a single grain, or the like.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 210; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1064. H1064. Task: coming laughing and crying at once. (Rubs eyes with a twig to simulate crying.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 212.

H1065. H1065. Task: bringing best friend, worst enemy, best servant, greatest pleasure-giver. (Brings dog, wife, ass, little son respectively.) Kцhler-Bolte I 415, 455; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 423; Herbert III 201; Ward II 231; Oesterley No. 124; *Chauvin VIII 199 No. 244; *BP II 365; cf. Type 875; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 220ff.; *Anderson FFC XLII 357 and n. 2; *Wesselski Mдrchen 237 No. 48; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H1066. H1066. Task: sweep the floor and do not sweep it. *Kцhler in Gonzenbach II 215.

H1067. H1067. Task: light fire but do not light it. *Kцhler in Gonzenbach II 215.

H1068. H1068. Task: making bed but do not make it. *Kцhler in Gonzenbach II 215.

H1071. H1071. Task: eat bread but bring it back whole. (Center of loaf eaten.) Kцhler-Bolte I 437.

H1072. H1072. Task: give sheep good care but do not let it fatten. (Sheep fed but kept near wolf where it is afraid and does not fatten.) *Chauvin VIII 181 No. 213; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1073. H1073. Task: filling glasses with water that has neither fallen from heaven nor sprung from the earth. (Uses horse‘s sweat.) Dh I 329.

H1074. H1074. Task: furnish beef which is neither male nor female. Countertask: send for it when it is neither night nor day. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 118 No. 15.

H1075. H1075. Task: bringing something ever-increasing (ambition); something ever-decreasing (life); something which neither increases nor decreases (one’s fated lot); and something which both increases and decreases (universe). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1077. H1077. Task: building house neither on ground nor in sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1090. H1090. Tasks requiring miraculous speed. Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1091. H1091. Task: sorting a large amount of grain (beads, beans, peas) in one night. *Types 313, 554; *BP II 28, 517; *Kцhler-Bolte I 397; *Fb “fugl”, “gryn”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 87; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pois”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 68 No. 513; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Dixon 226; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit JE VIII 392 No. 100.

H1091.1. H1091.1. Task: sorting grains: performed by helpful ants. Clouston Tales I 238f.; Kцhler-Bolte I 397; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 130; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Dixon 217; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 17.

H1091.2. H1091.2. Task: sorting grains; performed by helpful birds. *Fb “fugl”; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1091.3. H1091.3. Suitor test: scattering mountain of mustard seed in one watch gathering it together in another, pressing its oil out in another. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1092. H1092. Task: spinning impossible amount in one night. (Cf. H1022.2.) *Types 500, 501, 708; BP I 109ff., 490ff.; *Fb “spinde” III 492a; Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 nn. 7, 8; Kцhler-Bolte ibid. VI 71; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 4; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1092.0.1. H1092.0.1. Task: spinning and weaving large amount by specified time. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1092.1. H1092.1. Helpful animal performs spinning task. (Cf. B571.) Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 71; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 453*, 481*.

H1093. H1093. Task: embroidering blanket in one day. (Help from animals.) (Cf. B571.) N. A. Indian (Crow): Lowie PaAM XXV 121, Simms FM II 309, (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 130ff.

H1094. H1094. Task: unraveling in short time.

H1094.1. H1094.1. Task: unraveling a net in a short time. Type 1178*.

H1095. H1095. Task: felling a forest in one night. (Cf. H1115.) *Type 313; Fb “skov” III 300a; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg (H322.5); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “forкt”; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 7.

H1095.1. H1095.1. Task: collecting firewood quickly, sufficient to last remainder of one‘s life. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1095.2. H1095.2. Task: stacking wood from felled forest in one day. German: Grimm No. 113, 193.

H1096. H1096. Task: washing enormous number of clothes (and other articles) in short time. Sicilian: Gonzenbach I 97ff. No. 15.

H1097. H1097. Task: draining sea-covered land in one night. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1097.1. H1097.1. Task: drying up a lake in one night. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1097.2. H1097.2. Task: cleaning enormous cistern in one day. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 7; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1101. H1101. Task: removing mountain (mound) in one night. *Type 313; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents “butte”; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H1102. H1102. Task: cleaning Augean stable. Stable has not been cleaned in years. Must be done in one night. River turned through it. Type 313; Kцhler-Bolte I 170; *Fb “stald” III 534a; Greek: Fox 82, Frazer Apollodorus I 195 n. 2; New Zealand: Dixon 71.

H1102.1. H1102.1. Task: cleaning cowshed. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1102.2. H1102.2. Task: emptying in one day a barn filled with manure. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1103. H1103. Task: setting out vineyard in one night. *Type 313.

H1103.1. H1103.1. Task: making garden quickly in unplanted forest. Kabyle: Frobenius Atlantis II 32 No. 4; Africa (Benga): Nassau 215 No. 33.

H1103.1.1. H1103.1.1. Task: making garden in three days. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1103.2. H1103.2. Task: plowing enormous amount of land in one day. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 72, 73; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 7; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1103.2.1. H1103.2.1. Task: preparing and sowing impossible amount of land overnight. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1103.2.2. H1103.2.2. Task: planting and growing crop overnight. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1103.3. H1103.3. Task: covering mango tree grove with fruit in a single night. (Cf. H1023.17.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1104. H1104. Task: building castle in one night. Type 313; Fb “slot” III 377a.

H1104.0.1. H1104.0.1. Task: building castle in three days. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1104.1. H1104.1. Task: building a lodge entirely of bird’s feathers in one night. S. A. Indian (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 264.

H1104.1.1. H1104.1.1. Task: in one day feathering a barn, each feather from different bird. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1104.1.2. H1104.1.2. Task: thatching roof with bird feathers; half blow away while other half are sought. (Cf. F171.6.6.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H1104.2. H1104.2. Task: building entire village in one night. Africa (Fang): Einstein 70ff. (= Trilles 190ff. No. 11.)

H1104.3. H1104.3. Task: building a house of iron in one night. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1104.4. H1104.4. Task: erecting marriage hall in one night. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1104.5. H1104.5. Task: building granary full of grain overnight. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1105. H1105. Task: digging a pond quickly. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йtang”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1106. H1106. Task: shearing flock of sheep in one day. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Boas JAFL XXXV 77 No. 4.

H1107. H1107. Task: bringing documents from distant city in one day. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 68 No. 513.

H1108. H1108. Task: paving great road in short time. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1109. H1109. Other tasks requiring miraculous speed.

H1109.1. H1109.1. Task: bringing water from distant fountain more quickly than a witch. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 68 No. 513.

H1109.2. H1109.2. Task: hauling enormous number of things from one farm to another in one day. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1109.3. H1109.3. Task: killing enough birds in one day to cover the mountain, each bird to be of a different species. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1109.4. H1109.4. Task: exterminating mice infesting city in three days. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1110. H1110. Tedious tasks.

H1111. H1111. Task: carrying hundreds of sheep across stream one at a time. *BP II 209; cf. Type 2300; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1112. H1112. Task: herding rabbits. *Type 570; BP III 267ff. (incident C); *Fb “hare”.

H1112.1. H1112.1. Task: keeping four dogs in herd. *Fb “hund” I 678a.

H1112.2. H1112.2. Task: pasturing a cow which continues to run all day. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1113. H1113. Task: bailing out a pond. Type 313; German: Grimm No. 113; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йtang”; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 369, 377; Africa (Benga): Nassau 216 No. 33.

H1113.1. H1113.1. Bailing out pond with thimble. German: Grimm No. 193.

H1114. H1114. Task: climbing glass mountain. *Type 425; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1114.1. H1114.1. Task: securing three eggs from top of glass tower. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1114.2. H1114.2. Task: carrying ever-increasing burden up mountain. German: Grimm No. 179.

H1115. H1115. Task: chopping down large tree with blunt (fragile) implements. (Cf. H1095.) Type 313; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “arbres”; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 208; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 251 No. 29.

H1115.1. H1115.1. Task: cutting down huge tree which magically regrows. Type 577.

H1115.2. H1115.2. Task: sawing iron tree in two. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1115.3. H1115.3. Task: cutting down a giant tree. Marquesas: Beckwith Myth 470.

H1116. H1116. Task: breaking huge rock to pieces. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 208.

H1116.1. H1116.1. Task: cutting firewood from rocks with brass axe (rock struck to splinters by lightning used). Africa (Ganda): Baskerville 8ff.

H1116.2. H1116.2. Task: breaking iron with wooden axe. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1116.3. H1116.3. Task: tearing down a huge wall. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1117. H1117. Task: bringing as many horses as there are days in the year. (Brings one for each week-day.) Anderson FFC XLII 227 n. 1.

H1118. H1118. Task: counting hairs in pig’s back (feathers in bird). *Fb “tжlle” III 922b.

H1118.1. H1118.1. Task: counting the seeds in a package of mustard. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1118.2. H1118.2. Task: counting daily how many leaves fall off a tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1118.3. H1118.3. Task: counting palm trees within view of king‘s palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1121. H1121. Task: picking all nuts from tall tree. (Performed by grateful squirrel.) Indonesia: *Dixon 217 n. 22.

H1122. H1122. Task: preparing large quantity of grain. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “grain”; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 71--74; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1122.1. H1122.1. Task: supplying superhuman amount of grain. Irish myth: Cross.

H1123. H1123. Task: feeding ravenous beast to satiation. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bкte”.

H1124. H1124. Task: gathering all stones from brook or field. Type 1172.

H1125. H1125. Task: traveling till iron shoes are worn out. *Type 425; *BP II 272; Kцhler-Bolte I 317, 512, 573; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 114.

H1125.1. H1125.1. Task: traveling till two skeins of thread are unwound. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 425.

H1127. H1127. Task: carrying off huge quantity of money. *Type 513.

H1128. H1128. Task: keeping up a certain work all night. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ouvrage”.

H1129. H1129. Other tedious tasks.

H1129.1. H1129.1. Task: filling the yard with manure. Type 1183**.

H1129.1.1. H1129.1.1. Task: bringing twelve cartloads of mud without the use of buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1129.2. H1129.2. Task: filling twelve bed-ticks with feathers. Done by helpful birds. German: Grimm No. 186; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 4.

H1129.3. H1129.3. Task: carrying soil to cover stony ground. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1129.4. H1129.4. Task: filling pot with dew. Africa (Ganda): Baskerville 8ff.

H1129.5. H1129.5. Task: building a fire; whole tree burns up while man is bringing another. Irish myth: Cross.

H1129.5.1. H1129.5.1. Task: gathering firewood; bundle continually swept away from swimming man. Irish myth: Cross.

H1129.6. H1129.6. Task: building causeway, clearing land, etc. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1129.7. H1129.7. Task: gathering bed-tick full of harp strings. Irish myth: Cross.

H1129.8. H1129.8. Task: gathering vessel full of nail-scrapings. Irish myth: Cross.

H1129.9. H1129.9. Task: gathering crow’s house full of wren‘s eggs. Irish myth: Cross.

H1129.10. H1129.10. Task: gathering fist-full of fleas. Irish myth: Cross.

H1129.10.1. H1129.10.1. Impossible task: assembling huge quantity of many-colored fleas. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1129.11. H1129.11. Task: carrying fuel. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1130. H1130. Superhuman tasks.

H1131. H1131. Task: building enormous bridge. (Cf. H359.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1131.1. H1131.1. Task: building bridge over land and sea. *Fb “guldжble” I 516a.

H1131.2. H1131.2. Devil as suitor assigned task to build bridge or dam. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3250, Legends Nos. 343f.

H1132. H1132. Task: recovering lost objects.

H1132.1. H1132.1. Task: recovering lost object from sea. Irish: Beal XXI 308, 316, O’Suilleabhain 26.

H1132.1.1. H1132.1.1. Task: recovering lost ring from sea. *Types 513, 554; *Saintyves Essais 381; BP I 134ff., II 19ff.; *Fb “guldring”; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 101 (Theseus); Japanese: Ikeda; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 280 No. 91.

H1132.1.1.1. H1132.1.1.1. Test: recovering ring from water. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1132.1.2. H1132.1.2. Task: recovering lost key from sea. *Type 554; BP I 134ff., II 19ff.; Fb “guldnшgle” I 514; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 25, 35, Beal XXI 307, 312; Missouri French: Carriиre; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1132.1.3. H1132.1.3. Task: recovering strap from sea. Type 434*; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1132.1.4. H1132.1.4. Task: recovering pen from sea. *Type 531; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1132.1.5. H1132.1.5. Task: recovering lost fish-hook. Done by Sea-king. Japanese: Anesaki 266, Ikeda.

H1132.1.6. H1132.1.6. Task: recovering cooking-spit from sea. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1132.1.7. H1132.1.7. Task: recovering crown from sea. German: Grimm No. 107.

H1132.2. H1132.2. Task: recovering object in large fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1132.3. H1132.3. Task: recovering object from python‘s hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1132.3.1. H1132.3.1. Task: getting ring from python’s hole (help from python goddess). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1133. H1133. Task: building castle (fort). Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H1133.1. H1133.1. Task: building magic castle. *Type 554; BP II 19ff.

H1133.2. H1133.2. Task: building castle in air. Fb “slot” III 377a; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 5.

H1133.3. H1133.3. Task: building castle in sea. Fb “slot” III 377a; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1133.4. H1133.4. Task: building palace of gold (crystal). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1133.5. H1133.5. Task: building palace and city. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1133.6. H1133.6. Task: building exact replica of castle in wax. German: Grimm No. 107.

H1135. H1135. Task: annihilating (overcoming) army single-handed. Type 513; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 112 (Jason).

H1136. H1136. Task: bringing winds from the whole world. Fb “vind” III 1059a.

H1136.1. H1136.1. Task: bringing back flour scattered by wind. Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 171.

H1136.2. H1136.2. Task: gathering wind in fists. Jewish: Neuman.

H1137. H1137. Task: binding waves of the sea. Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 236; Filipino: Fansler MAFLS XII 62.

H1138. H1138. Task: supplying water in land where it is lacking. *Fb “vand” III 1001b.--Icelandic: Boberg.

H1138.1. H1138.1. Task: “to turn low stream and fill the high stream.” India: Thompson-Balys.

H1141. H1141. Task: eating enormous amount. *Type 513; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Werner African 153.

H1141.1. H1141.1. Task: eating mountain of bread. *Type 571; Fb “жde” III 1140a.

H1141.2. H1141.2. Task: eating three hundred fat oxen. Fb “жde” III 1140a.

H1141.3. H1141.3. Task: eating room-full of salt. (Trickster eats only a pinch. “He who has eaten with a friend as much salt as I have eaten and does not recognize the friendship will not do so though he eat ten rooms full of salt.”) *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 207.

H1141.4. H1141.4. Task: eating entire goat without leaving a scrap. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1142. H1142. Task: drinking enormous amount. *Type 513; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1142.1. H1142.1. Task: drinking wine--cellar empty. *Type 571; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H1142.2. H1142.2. Task: drinking the sea dry. *Anderson FFC XLII 139, 356; BP II 369; *Chauvin VIII 62 No. 26; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 93 (Thor); Gascon: Bladй I 8 No. 1.

H1142.2.1. H1142.2.1. Task: drinking the sea dry (illusion produced by magic thread which makes hero think he is drinking from spring). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1142.3. H1142.3. Task: drinking the sea dry: countertask: stop all the rivers. (Cf. H951.) BP II 369.

H1143. H1143. Task: dipping out the sea with a spoon: countertask: stop all the rivers. (Cf. H1113., H1142.3.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 251.--French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (H1023.2.3.); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1143.1. H1143.1. Task: emptying the lake with a pail in one day. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1144. H1144. Task: measuring ocean. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Meer austrinken, ausmessen”.

H1144.1. H1144.1. Task: to collect together all the drops of water. Jewish: Moreno Esdras.

H1144.2. H1144.2. Task: counting the waves. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1145. H1145. Tasks: other difficult measurements.

H1145.1. H1145.1. Task: weighing fire. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (H1023.16).

H1145.2. H1145.2. Task: measuring a gust of wind. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (H1023.18).

H1146. H1146. Task: carrying mountain on head. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1147. H1147. Task: making ladder which whole army cannot set up. De Vries FFC LXXIII 323, 331.

H1149. H1149. Miscellaneous superhuman tasks.

H1149.1. H1149.1. Task: yoking together lion and wild boar. Greek: Fox 107 (Admetus), Grote I 108.

H1149.2. H1149.2. Task: lifting a certain cat. (Is serpent that embraces the earth.) Icelandic: Boberg (Thor and the Midgard serpent).

H1149.3. H1149.3. Task: defeating a certain old woman. (She is Old Age.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 445b n. 432; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1149.4. H1149.4. Task: collecting enormous amount of material (number of rare objects, etc.) Irish myth: Cross.

H1149.5. H1149.5. Feat on spear point. Hero performs it as task set by otherworld amazon. Irish myth: Cross.

H1149.6. H1149.6. Task: breaking pigeon’s egg on parapet of castle. Pigeon in ferocious serpent. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1149.7. H1149.7. Task: drawing spear thrust through seven iron plates. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1149.8. H1149.8. Girl to bring cloth as long as river and raise pig as big as mountain. (Countertask: measure river and weigh mountain.) Chinese: Graham.

H1149.9. H1149.9. Task: lifting mountain. Countertask: placing it on my shoulders. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1149.10. H1149.10. Task: jumping across river in one bound. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1150. H1150. Tasks: stealing, capturing, or slaying. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151. H1151. Theft as a task. *Type 1525; BP III 379ff.; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 123; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1151.1. H1151.1. Task: stealing golden apples. *Fb “guldжble” I 516, “жble” III 1135b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 179, *Boberg Greek: Fox 87, Frazer Apollodorus I 220 n. 1.

H1151.1.1. H1151.1.1. Task: stealing a golden lotus. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.2. H1151.2. Task: stealing twelve horses out of stall. (Cf. H1151.13.3.) *Type 1525; *Fb “hest”.

H1151.2.1. H1151.2.1. Task: stealing horse when owner has been forewarned. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.2.2. H1151.2.2. Task: stealing king’s horse as he rides on it. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.3. H1151.3. Task: stealing sheet from bed on which person is sleeping. *Type 1525; Missouri French: Carriиre.

H1151.3.1. H1151.3.1. Task: stealing tray from king‘s bedside. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.4. H1151.4. Task: stealing ring from finger. *Type 1525.

H1151.5. H1151.5. Task: stealing belt from queen. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 203 n. 1 (Hercules).

H1151.5.1. H1151.5.1. Task: stealing girdle of goddess. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/243).

H1151.6. H1151.6. Task: stealing elephant’s tail (tusks). Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 123 No. 22, (Ekoi): Talbot 208.

H1151.6.1. H1151.6.1. Task: stealing enormous diamond from elephant‘s forehead. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.7. H1151.7. Task: stealing the two horns of a savage bull. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1151.7.1. H1151.7.1. Task: stealing gold-filled horn of wild three-horned ox. (Cf. H933.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1151.8. H1151.8. Task: stealing cattle which are guarded by a marvelous dog. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 87 n. 3 (Melampus).

H1151.9. H1151.9. Task: stealing troll’s golden horse. *Fb “guldhest”.

H1151.10. H1151.10. Task: bringing branch from tree guarded by ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.10.1. H1151.10.1. Task: stealing pears from ingeniously guarded garden. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.11. H1151.11. Task: bringing a baby lion‘s tail to use as broom. Africa (Hausa): Mischlich 80ff. No. 5.

H1151.12. H1151.12. Task: stealing eggs from under bird. Type 653; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Weeks Jungle 43, (Madagascar): Renel II 118f. No. 91.

H1151.13. H1151.13. Task: stealing from a king. Irish myth: Cross.

H1151.13.1. H1151.13.1. Task: stealing pigskin from a king. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1151.13.2. H1151.13.2. Task: stealing spear from a king. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1151.13.3. H1151.13.3. Task: stealing horses (and chariot) from a king. (Cf. H1151.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H1151.13.4. H1151.13.4. Task: stealing hound from a king. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1151.13.5. H1151.13.5. Task: stealing three pearls from king‘s heavily guarded treasury. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.14. H1151.14. Task: stealing sword from giant. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1151.15. H1151.15. Task: stealing goddess Freya’s necklace. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1151.16. H1151.16. Task: stealing the mead of poetry. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1151.17. H1151.17. Task: stealing the bait of the demon Aсan. S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

H1151.18. H1151.18. Task: liberating wife‘s sister, elephant’s captive, who lives in a box in his ear. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.19. H1151.19. Task: eating only what is stolen without sinning. Irish myth: Cross.

H1151.20. H1151.20. Task: stealing magic healing apples. (Cf. H1323.) French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1151.21. H1151.21. Task: stealing magic healing water. (Cf. D1500.1.18.) French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1151.22. H1151.22. Task: stealing laborer‘s pajamas. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.23. H1151.23. Task: stealing beautiful clothing of a witch. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.24. H1151.24. Task: stealing ogress’s drum. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.25. H1151.25. Task: stealing ogre‘s grain. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1151.26. H1151.26. Task: bringing ruby in head of devastating serpent. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1152. H1152. Task: selling an animal and keeping him.

H1152.1. H1152.1. Task: selling a sheep (goat) and bringing it back along with the money. (Shears and sells wool; brings animal back.) De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff., 157; Irish: Cross, Baughman.

H1153. H1153. Task: selling three old women. (Devil finds that no one wants them.) *Type 1170; BP III 16.

H1154. H1154. Tasks: capturing animals. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 80ff.

H1154.0.1. H1154.0.1. Task: bringing head(s) of animal(s). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1154.1. H1154.1. Task: capturing magic pig carrying scissors, comb, and razors between its ears. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 187.

H1154.2. H1154.2. Task: capturing deer from herd watched by giant. English: Wells 115 (Sir Eglamour).

H1154.2.1. H1154.2.1. Task: capturing ninety pigs, ninety horses, and one hundred wild oxen. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1154.3. H1154.3. Task: bridling a wild animal.

H1154.3.1. H1154.3.1. Task: bridling a wild horse. Finnish: Kalevala rune 14; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 74.

H1154.3.2. H1154.3.2. Task: bridling ferocious bear. Finnish: Kalevala rune 19.

H1154.3.3. H1154.3.3. Task: capturing and binding ferocious boar. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1154.3.3.1. H1154.3.3.1. Task: measuring (killing) wild boar. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1154.3.4. H1154.3.4. Task: capturing wild elephant. Africa (Fang): Einstein 70ff. (= Trilles 190ff. No. 11).

H1154.3.5. H1154.3.5. Task: loading ferocious camels. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 101ff. No. 11.

H1154.3.6. H1154.3.6. Task: yoking stags. Irish myth: Cross.

H1154.3.7. H1154.3.7. Task: bringing tigers.

H1154.3.7.1. H1154.3.7.1. Task: procuring four full-grown tigers to guard four gates of king’s palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1154.4. H1154.4. Task: catching huge fish without nets or tackle. Finnish: Kalevala rune 19.

H1154.5. H1154.5. Task: capturing elk. Finnish: Kalevala rune 13.

H1154.6. H1154.6. Task: capturing squirrel and rattlesnake. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 203 No. 35.

H1154.7. H1154.7. Task: capturing bird. Irish myth: Cross.

H1154.7.1. H1154.7.1. Task: retrieving king‘s falcon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1154.7.2. H1154.7.2. Task: capturing blackbird (yearly). Irish myth: Cross.

H1154.7.3. H1154.7.3. Task: procuring four full-grown peacocks to sit one on each of four golden pinnacles of palace room. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1154.8. H1154.8. Task: capturing magic horse. Type 313.

H1154.9. H1154.9. Task: capturing pair of every wild animal in the land. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1154.10. H1154.10. Task: capturing badgers. Irish myth: Cross.

H1154.11. H1154.11. Task: obtaining marrow of wild pig, lard of wild boar, water bird (coot?). Irish myth: *Cross.

H1154.12. H1154.12. Task: bringing in fierce lion alive. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1155. H1155. Task: taming wild animals. (Cf. H1154.3.)

H1155.1. H1155.1. Riding and taming a wild horse. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1155.1.1. H1155.1.1. Task: grooming unruly mare. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1155.2. H1155.2. Task: milking unruly cow. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1155.3. H1155.3. Task: feeding dangerous man-eating sow. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1155.4. H1155.4. Task: caring for mad elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1155.5. H1155.5. Task: riding buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1156. H1156. Task: incurring anger of ferocious animal.

H1156.1. H1156.1. Task: setting fire to brush wood near abode of sacred cobra. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161. H1161. Task: killing ferocious beast. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 126, *Cross; English: Wells 115 (Sir Eglamour of Artois); Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 14; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 184 n. 2, 187 n. 3, 191 n. 3, 197 n. 3, 199 n. 2, 200 n. 1, 210 n. 1 (Hercules), II 59 n. 1 (Cychreus); Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 3 No. 1.

H1161.1. H1161.1. Task: killing murderous bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161.2. H1161.2. Task: overcoming savage buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161.2.1. H1161.2.1. Task: killing ox. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1161.2.2. H1161.2.2. Task: killing fierce bull. (Cf. H1151.7.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161.3. H1161.3. Task: overcoming elephant. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161.3.1. H1161.3.1. Task: mouse to fight single-handed with king’s state elephant and destroy it. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161.4. H1161.4. Task: killing golden pig. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161.5. H1161.5. Task: killing devastating lion. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1161.6. H1161.6. Task: killing devastating tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1162. H1162. Task: killing certain man. (Cf. H335.3, H335.5, H335.6.) Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1162.1. H1162.1. Task: overcoming robbers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1162.2. H1162.2. Task: slaying king‘s son so that father will not die. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1163. H1163. Task: uprooting man-devouring tree. (Cf. H335.) Jewish: Neuman.

H1165. H1165. Task: bullfight (buffaloes). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1166. H1166. Task: duel. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1166.1. H1166.1. Task: wrestling etc. with giant warrior. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1172. H1172. Task: bringing an ogre to court. Kцhler-Bolte I 306.

H1173. H1173. Task: luring Thor into the power of giants. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1174. H1174. Suitor test: killing monster. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1174.1. H1174.1. Task: bringing back two heads of a giant. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1174.2. H1174.2. Task: overcoming dragon. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 175ff.

H1177. H1177. Bringing fairies to court.

H1177.1. H1177.1. Suitor task: to make fairies dance before princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1180. H1180. Miscellaneous tasks.

H1181. H1181. Task: raising a buried treasure. *Type 613; Christiansen FFC XXIV 92ff.

H1182. H1182. Task: letting king hear something that neither he nor his subjects have ever heard. (Reads a letter from a foreign king demanding a loan.) Chauvin VI 39 No. 207.

H1182.1. H1182.1. Task: recovering money owed by a foreign king. *Cosquin Contes indiens 474ff.

H1182.2. H1182.2. King asks favorite minister to show him a trick that he has never seen before. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1183. H1183. Task: carrying a wagon axle which has broken a wheel. *BP III 16.

H1184. H1184. Task: cutting down tree without scratching for stinging insects. (Scratches surreptitiously while gesticulating.) *Jamaica Beckwith MAFLS XVII 250f. No. 29.

H1185. H1185. Task: preparing the food “Oh my”. (Needle put in food which causes eater to say “Oh my!”) De Vries FFC LXXIII 250.

H1185.1. H1185.1. Task: buying a coin’s worth of eggs and another of “ay, ay.” Servant puts nettles in bag with eggs, and master cries “Ay, ay” when he touches the nettles. Spanish: Childers.

H1186. H1186. Task: making pigs dance. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cochons”. Cf. Type 850.

H1187. H1187. Task left by departing husband for virgin wife to accomplish: have a son whose real mother she is and whose real father he is. She accomplishes this by disguising as a girl. Kцhler-Bolte II 647ff. *Liungman Tvе Folkminnesundersцkningar 25 n. 1; FSS 7ff. (H922); India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1188. H1188. Task: plowing field of vipers. (Puts on iron boots.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 19.

H1191. H1191. Task: blinding a witch. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 4.

H1191.1. H1191.1. Task: beheading witch, and bringing head to king. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1191.2. H1191.2. Task: catching devastating witch who haunts king‘s best garden. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1192. H1192. Task: combing hair of fairies. Type 480; Roberts 168; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 10.

H1193. H1193. Task: causing dry spring to flow again. *Type 613; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 346a nn. 121--22.

H1194. H1194. Task: making person laugh. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1194.0.1. H1194.0.1. Task: causing silent person to speak. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1194.1. H1194.1. Man whose laughter brings rain will not laugh: brought to laughter when people who, unknown to each other, have gone to sleep in same dark room frighten each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1194.2. H1194.2. Task: making jackal laugh (weep). India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1195. H1195. Task: having a shirt made by a woman free from trouble and worry. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1196. H1196. Task: freeing king from clutches of magic doll. Will marry rescuer if a girl. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H1197. H1197. Task: crossing weed-filled stream. Hero spreads cloth on weeds and floats across. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1198. H1198. Task: picking ruby out of a tray filled with identical rubies. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1199. H1199. Other tasks.

H1199.1. H1199.1. Task: planting beautiful garden. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1199.2. H1199.2. Task: healing sick person. Types 551, 610--12; Africa (Tanga): Nassau JAFL XXVIII 30ff. No. 5.

H1199.2.1. H1199.2.1. Task: causing sickness to come to certain tribe. Irish myth: Cross.

H1199.2.2. H1199.2.2. Task: curing extraordinarily incurable ulcer. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1199.3. H1199.3. Task: shouting from forbidden place. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1199.4. H1199.4. Task: engraving shield with unique pattern. Irish myth: Cross.

H1199.5. H1199.5. Task: disenchantment. (Cf. D700.) Irish myth: Cross.

H1199.6. H1199.6. Task: swine to shake bole of certain tree. Irish myth: Cross.

H1199.7. H1199.7. Task: swine to eat fish of certain waters. Irish myth: Cross.

H1199.8. H1199.8. Task: defending oneself alone against fifteen ships, sixty men. (Cf. H915.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

H1199.9. H1199.9. Task: ridding city of thieves. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1199.9.1. H1199.9.1. Task: discovering ring-thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1199.10. H1199.10. Task: jumping over fire. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1199.11. H1199.11. Task: going to bed with Odin, the underworld’s king. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1199.12. H1199.12. Task: unusual pasturing.

H1199.12.1. H1199.12.1. Task: shepherd in God‘s service tending sheep and following where they go. On the way, he sees many wonderful things. (Cf. F171.0.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 806*.

H1199.12.2. H1199.12.2. Task: pasturing witch’s cattle (really her daughters). Grateful animals give help (cf. B571.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 557*.

H1199.13. H1199.13. Task: squaring the lumber on a stone without blunting the axe. Woman is purposely sent to distract him. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 491f.

H1199.14. H1199.14. Task: climbing extraordinary (high, thin) cliff. Irish myth: Cross.

H1199.15. H1199.15. Task: securing dishes which have been locked up in vault. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1199.16. H1199.16. Task: producing seven pairs of chopsticks in seven plates. (A lacquered plate and pair of chopsticks--seven coats of lacquer.) Chinese: Graham.

H1199.17. H1199.17. Task: guarding.

H1199.17.1. H1199.17.1. Task: guarding palace at night that no one can enter or leave. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1199.17.2. H1199.17.2. Task: guarding six sisters-in-law so that they do not joke or talk to anyone. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1199.18. H1199.18. Task: knocking off single fruit from king‘s tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1200--H1399.

H1200--H1399. TESTS OF PROWESS: QUESTS

H1200--H1249.

H1200--H1249. ATTENDANT CIRCUMSTANCES OF QUESTS

H1200. H1200. Quest.

H1210. H1210. Quest assigned.

H1210.1. H1210.1. Quest assigned by father. *Types 402, 550; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 105; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chile: Pino Saavedra 399, 403, 404; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 350.

H1210.2. H1210.2. Quest assigned by king. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1211. H1211. Quests assigned in order to get rid of hero. *Type 650; Dickson 51; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 116, 139--141; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1212. H1212. Quest assigned because of feigned illness. Lion‘s milk (or the like) said to be necessary as cure; hero therefore sent on dangerous quest. *Type 590; BP III 1f; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 49 No. 17.

H1212.1. H1212.1. Quest assigned because of feigned dream. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191g.

H1212.2. H1212.2. Quest assigned by wife through appeal to husband‘s love for her. He is sent for liver of dangerous animal. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 2 No. 1.

H1212.3. H1212.3. Prince sulks until quest is accomplished. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1212.4. H1212.4. Quest assigned because of longings of pregnant woman. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1213. H1213. Quest for remarkable bird caused by sight of one of its feathers. *Type 550; BP I 503ff., *III 33; *Chauvin VI 5 No. 182 n. 1; Kцhler-Bolte I 411; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1213.1. H1213.1. Quest for princess caused by sight of one of her hairs dropped by a bird (or floating on river). *Chauvin VI 5 No. 182 n. 1; *BP III 31, 33; *Cosquin Contes indiens 369ff.; Chavannes III 258f. No. 470 (cf. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 6); Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1213.1.1. H1213.1.1. Quest for man caused by sight of one of his hairs dropped by bird (or floating on river). India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1213.1.2. H1213.1.2. Quest for original of picture. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1213.2. H1213.2. Quest for strong man caused by sight of his handiwork. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1214. H1214. Quest assigned because of hero’s knowledge of animal languages. BP I 325; Kцhler-Bolte II 340.

H1214.1. H1214.1. Quest for beautiful girl about whom parrots are heard speaking. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1215. H1215. Quest assigned because of hero‘s boast. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Fox 33 (Perseus).

H1216. H1216. Mother sends son to find unknown father. (Cf. H1385.7.) English: Wells 134 (Sir Degare); India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1217. H1217. Quest assigned because of dream. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1217.1. H1217.1. Quest for explanation of dream. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1218. H1218. King possessing one marvelous object sends hero on quest for another like it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1219. H1219. Assignment of quests--miscellaneous.

H1219.1. H1219.1. Quest assigned as payment for gambling loss. (Cf. H942.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1219.1.1. H1219.1.1. Quest assigned as payment for magic object. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1219.2. H1219.2. Quest assigned as punishment for murder. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1219.3. H1219.3. Quest assigned as punishment by father of abducted girl. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1219.4. H1219.4. Quest assigned by fairy. (Cf. H938.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H1219.5. H1219.5. Quest assigned prisoner. Irish myth: Cross.

H1219.6. H1219.6. Quest assigned as result of slander. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1219.7. H1219.7. Quest assigned as payment for hospitality. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1219.8. H1219.8. Quest assigned as punishment for curiosity. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1220. H1220. Quests voluntarily undertaken. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 318, 320; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1221. H1221. Quest for adventure. *Type 650; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain), 134 (Sir Degare); Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aventures”; Arabian: Burton Nights VI 1--83, S IV 420, 509ff. This motif is prominent in Romances of Chivalry.

H1221.1. H1221.1. Old warrior longs for more adventure. Refuses to rest in old age. Chauvin II 152 No. 16, 157 No. 37; cf. Tennyson’s “Ulysses.”

H1222. H1222. Prince a-hunting enters on quest. *Type 401; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1223. H1223. Quest to undertake feats of valor. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1223.1. H1223.1. Quest to recover one‘s honor through feats. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1224. H1224. Quest to distant king for military aid. Africa (Fulah): Frobenius Atlantis VI 182ff. No. 4.

H1225. H1225. Quest for a strong adversary. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1226. H1226. Pursuit of rolling cake leads to quest. Type 480; *Roberts 127; BP I 217, II 392, III 458.

H1226.1. H1226.1. Pursuit of rolling hoop leads to quest. Hindu: Keith 196; N. A. Indian: Matthews MAFLS V 108, Goddard PaAM VIII 196 No. 3 and numerous other references in Thompson Tales 320 n. 156.

H1226.2. H1226.2. Pursuit of magic arrow leads to adventures. Hawaii: Dixon 75.

H1226.3. H1226.3. Pursuit of rolling golden apple leads to quest. Type 480; *Roberts 127.

H1226.4. H1226.4. Pursuit of rolling ball of yarn leads to quest. Type 480; *Roberts 127.

H1227. H1227. Quest undertaken before hero will marry. Malone. PMLA XLIII 401.

H1228. H1228. Quest undertaken by hero for vengeance.

H1228.1. H1228.1. Quest undertaken by hero to avenge his king. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1228.2. H1228.2. Son goes out to avenge father’s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1229. H1229. Quests voluntarily undertaken--miscellaneous.

H1229.1. H1229.1. Quest undertaken by hero to fulfill promises. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1229.2. H1229.2. Queen writes message on stone which hero finds: he goes in search of her. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1229.3. H1229.3. Quest for marvelous thing seen in dream. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1230. H1230. Accomplishment of quests.

H1231. H1231. Large boot-supply for journey. Quest is to be so long that many boots are to be worn out. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 4; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 358 n. 287k.

H1232. H1232. Directions on quest given by sun, moon, wind, and stars. *Types 425, 451; *Tegethoff 44; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 71 No. 551, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 106, 114; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1232.1. H1232.1. Directions on quest given by herdsmen (peasants). Type 432; MPh. X 625; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1232.2. H1232.2. Directions on quest given by queen. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1232.3. H1232.3. Directions on quest given by maiden or woman in castle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1232.4. H1232.4. Directions on quest given by peasant and his wife. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1232.5. H1232.5. Directions on quest given by child(ren) still in mother‘s womb. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484.

H1233. H1233. Helpers on quest. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1233.1. H1233.1. Old person as helper on quest.

H1233.1.1. H1233.1.1. Old woman helps on quest. Type 400, 425; English: Wells 68 (The Weddynge of Sir Gawen and Dame Ragnell); India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1233.1.2. H1233.1.2. Old man helps on quest. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1233.2. H1233.2. Relation as helper on quest.

H1233.2.1. H1233.2.1. Quest accomplished with aid of wife. *Type 465C; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1233.2.2. H1233.2.2. Quest accomplished with aid of brother in disguise. Irish myth: Cross.

H1233.3. H1233.3. Holy man as helper on quest.

H1233.3.1. H1233.3.1. Ascetic gives directions to hero on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.3.2. H1233.3.2. Fakir as helper on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.3.3. H1233.3.3. Quest accomplished with aid of prophet (sage, druid). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1233.4. H1233.4. Supernatural creature as helper on quest.

H1233.4.1. H1233.4.1. Fairies as helpers on quest. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.4.2. H1233.4.2. Quest accomplished with aid of giantess. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1233.4.3. H1233.4.3. Griffin as helper on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.4.4. H1233.4.4. Demon as helper on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.5. H1233.5. Deity as helper on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.5.1. H1233.5.1. Goddess as helper on quest. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1233.6. H1233.6. Animals help hero on quest. *Type 550; Malone PMLA XLIII 444; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 187; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1233.6.1. H1233.6.1. Horse helper on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.6.2. H1233.6.2. Bird helper (adviser) on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1233.6.3. H1233.6.3. Porpoise as helper on quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1235. H1235. Succession of helpers on quest. One helper sends to another, who sends to another, etc. (Cf. H1241.) Types 400, 425, 516, 756B; *BP II 400; *Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн IV 1; Clouston Tales II 96; W. R. Halliday Indo-European Folk-Tales and Greek Legend (Cambridge, 1933) 132f.; Gaster Oldest Stories 51; Tegethoff 44; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 110; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 225 n.--Irish: Cross, Beal XXI 326, O‘Suilleabhain 74; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction, IV No. 8, V Nos. 4, 9; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 336 n. 211.

H1235.1. H1235.1. Helpers on quest demand pay for advice. Chinese: Graham.

H1236. H1236. Perilous path traversed on quest. English: Wells 55 (Gawayne and the Grene Knight); India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1236.1. H1236.1. Quest over path bristling with sharp points (knives, axes, etc.). Irish myth: Cross; Finnish: Kalevala rune 17.

H1236.2. H1236.2. Quest over path guarded by dangerous animals. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Am. Indian (Quiche): Alexander Lat. Am. 174.

H1236.3. H1236.3. Quest over path guarded by hags. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1236.4. H1236.4. Quest over path guarded by giant. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1237. H1237. Conjuring away obstacles on quest for lost wife. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 75.

H1239. H1239. Accomplishment of quest--miscellaneous.

H1239.1. H1239.1. Prince agrees to marry a servant girl if she will help him on a quest. Malone PMLA XLIII 400.

H1239.2. H1239.2. Objects of quest found in deserted castle where hero is served by unseen hands. Type 425; Tegethoff 14.--Icelandic: Boberg.

H1239.3. H1239.3. Quest accomplished by means of objects given by helpers. Type 425; Halliday Indo-European Folk-Tales (Cambridge, 1933) 135f.

H1239.4. H1239.4. Man with magic knowledge defeats his competitors in quest by misinforming them about the character of country they will be traveling (for a place where there is no water he makes them bring loads of wood; for a place where water is he makes them bring along loads of water). India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1239.5. H1239.5. Seductive women attempt to divert quester. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1174, 1386; z-G. 13/221, 1241).

H1240. H1240. Other circumstances of quests.

H1241. H1241. Series of quests. One quest can be accomplished when a second is finished, etc. (Cf. H1235.) *Type 550; BP I 503ff.; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 91 No. 77; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 187; Scotch: Campbell II 344; Icelandic: Lagerholm 58--63, 115--118, *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1241.1. H1241.1. Hero returning from successful quest sent upon another. Irish myth: Cross.

H1241.1.1. H1241.1.1. Hero returning with berries sent back to bring tree. (Cf. H561.1.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H1242. H1242. Youngest brother alone succeeds on quest. *Type 402, 471, 550, 551, 577; BP 260, 503; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 398; Chile: Pino Saavedra 402--405.

H1242.1. H1242.1. Unpromising hero succeeds in quest. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1243. H1243. Riches the reward of questions solved on quests. *Type 461; **Aarne FFC XXII 165; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1244. H1244. Forgiveness the reward of successful quest. Icelandic: Boberg; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 164.

H1245. H1245. Quest to be accomplished in one day. Irish myth: Cross.

H1247. H1247. Sleep forbidden until quest is accomplished. Irish myth: Cross.

H1248. H1248. Object sought brings about death of assigner of quest. Irish myth: Cross.

H1250--H1399.

H1250--H1399. Nature of quests.

H1250--H1299.

H1250--H1299. QUESTS TO THE OTHER WORLD

H1250. H1250. Quests to the other world. *Siuts Jenseitsmotive 226--232; Irish myth: *Cross.

H1250.1. H1250.1. Test of hero before journey to otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

H1251. H1251. Quest to other world for samples of magic animals’ food. Type 471.

H1252. H1252. Quest to other world for relative.

H1252.1. H1252.1. Quest to other world for ancestor. Babylonian: Spence 170.

H1252.1.1. H1252.1.1. Quest to the other world to receive news of ancestor. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1252.1.2. H1252.1.2. Quest to the other world to learn whether father is in heaven or hell. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1252.2. H1252.2. Quest to other world to take letters to dead relatives. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1252.3. H1252.3. Quest for relatives sold to the otherworld. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1252.4. H1252.4. King sends hero to otherworld to carry message to king‘s dead father. *Cosquin Contes indiens 405ff.

H1254. H1254. Journey to otherworld for magic objects. Irish myth: Cross.

H1256. H1256. Journey to other world to obtain a wife. (Cf. H1381.3.1.2.) Chinese: Graham.

H1257. H1257. Quest for the location of paradise. Jewish: *Neuman.

H1260. H1260. Quest to the upper world. Type 465c; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; West Indies: Flowers 462.

H1261. H1261. Quest: a crown from heaven. BP III 268.

H1262. H1262. Quest: God to be brought from heaven. Type 465c.

H1263. H1263. Quest to God for fortune. *Types 460A, 460B; *Aarne FFC XXIII 124, 127; West Indies: Flowers 462--466.

H1264. H1264. Quest to upper world for fire. Papua: Ker 77; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 74 No. 16.

H1265. H1265. Quest to Paradise to get oil to anoint dying father’s body. Irish myth: Cross.

H1266. H1266. Quest of a deity. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1267. H1267. Pregnant woman craving fish sends husband to heaven after lucky fishhook. (Cf. H936.) Samoa: Beckwith Myth 25.

H1270. H1270. Quest to lower world. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 323; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/276).

H1271. H1271. Quest for Cerberus in hell: to be brought to earth. Greek: Fox 88.

H1272. H1272. Quest for devils in hell; hero brings them back with him. *Type 650.

H1273. H1273. Quest to devil for objects.

H1273.1. H1273.1. Quest to devil in hell for return of contract. *Type 756B; BP III 465; *Plenzat Die Theophiluslegende in den Dichtungen des Mittelalters (Berlin, 1926); Irish: Beal XXI 311, O‘Suilleabhain 33.

H1273.1.1. H1273.1.1. Quest to hell for return of contract from deceased rich man. *Kцhler-Bolte I 133; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 58.

H1273.2. H1273.2. Quest for three hairs from devil‘s beard. *Type 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 126, 131.

H1274. H1274. Quest in hell for three dragon feathers. (Cf. B11.) Fb “helvede” I 589a.

H1275. H1275. Quest for money (treasure) in hell. Fb “gjedebuk” I 440, “helvede” I 589a; Icelandic: Egils saga ok Бsmundar 391, Boberg; Indonesian: De Vries’s list 161.

H1276. H1276. Quest to lower world for lost words. Finnish: Kalevala rune 16.

H1277. H1277. Quest to confines of hell for blood of sorceress. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 188.

H1278. H1278. Quest to devil for answer to riddle questions. (Cf. H1282, H1283, H1284, H1292.) German: Grimm Nos. 29, 125.

H1280. H1280. Quests to other realms.

H1281. H1281. Quest to Fortune to seek fortune. *Type 460B; Aarne FFC XIII 124; India: *Thompson-Balys. Cf. Patch PMLA XXXIII 630.

H1282. H1282. Quest to morning star for answers to questions. Type 702*.

H1283. H1283. Quest to moon for answers to questions. Type 702*; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 143.

H1284. H1284. Quest for sun for answer to questions. *Type 460, 461; BP I 292; **Aarne FFC XXIII 115ff.; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Thompson CColl II 387ff.

H1284.1. H1284.1. Quest to place where sun sets. Chinese: Graham.

H1285. H1285. Quest to Mother of Time for answers to questions. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

H1285.1. H1285.1. Quest to bring Soma (a wizard woman) from across the seven seas to a wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1286. H1286. Quests to fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1286.0.1. H1286.0.1. Quest to fairyland at bottom of lake. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1286.1. H1286.1. Quest to fairyland for precious jewel. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1286.2. H1286.2. Quest to fairyland for magic object. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1287. H1287. Quest to submarine monastery. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1287.1. H1287.1. Quest to submerged island. Irish myth: Cross.

H1288. H1288. Quest to Plain of Wonders. Irish myth: Cross.

H1289. H1289. Quest to different other realms.

H1289.1. H1289.1. Quest to animal realm. (Cf. B220.)

H1289.1.1. H1289.1.1. Quest to lions‘, elephants’, and serpents‘ land for green stone. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1289.1.2. H1289.1.2. Quest to land of snakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1289.2. H1289.2. Quest to Bjarmaland. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1289.3. H1289.3. Quest to giant’s land. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 91ff., Boberg.

H1289.3.1. H1289.3.1. Quest to land of cannibal giants. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1289.4. H1289.4. Quest to see deity. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1289.4.1. H1289.4.1. Quest for thread from lotus stalks growing on Vishnu‘s navel. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1289.5. H1289.5. Quest to land where every raja dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1289.6. H1289.6. Quest to the world of rakshasas. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1290. H1290. Quests to the other world--miscellaneous motifs.

H1291. H1291. Questions asked on way to other world. *Type 461; Irish: Cross Beal XXI 318f., O’Suilleabhain 50--52; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H1292. H1292. Answers found in other world to questions propounded on the way. (Cf. H1278, H1282, H1283, H1284.) *Type 461; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H1292.1. H1292.1. Question (propounded on quest): Why has spring gone dry? Answer: Animal to be removed from its water-vein. Types 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 144f.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 345b. n. 120; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1292.1.1. H1292.1.1. Question (propounded on quest): Why does no one ever drink water of two certain wells? Answer: In their last birth they had been two Brahman women and whenever they wanted to give alms they gave only to each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1292.2. H1292.2. Question (propounded on quest): Why does not a certain tree flourish? Answer: Gold is hidden under it (or a serpent is under its roots). Types 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 133, 136; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 256a n. 13; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1292.2.1. H1292.2.1. Question (propounded on quest): Why does no one desire to eat fruits of a certain tree? Answer: Tree in its last birth had been a very learned man who gave his knowledge away. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1292.3. H1292.3. Question (propounded on quest): Why do the live stock die? (Various answers.) Types 460, 461; Aarne FFC XXIII 150; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1292.4. H1292.4. Question (propounded on quest): How can the prince be cured? Answer: He must remove stone which he has spit out in the church. Types 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 142f.

H1292.4.1. H1292.4.1. Question (propounded on quest): How can the princess be cured? Answer: She must recover consecrated wafer which rat has stolen from her first communion. Types 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 142f.; Irish: Beal XXI 308f., O‘Suilleabhain 27f.; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1292.4.2. H1292.4.2. Question (propounded on quest): How can snake be cured from blindness? Answer: By giving away his gem. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1292.4.3. H1292.4.3. Question (propounded on quest): How can the cripple be healed? Answer: He must distribute his knowledge. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1292.5. H1292.5. Question (on quest): How can the girl thus far avoided by suitors marry? (Various answers.) Types 460, 461; Aarne FFC XXIII 149; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 50, Beal XXI 318.

H1292.6. H1292.6. Question (on quest): Where is the lost key? (Various answers.) Type 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 148.

H1292.7. H1292.7. Question (on quest): Where is the lost princess? (Various answers.) Types 460, 461; Aarne FFC XXIII 146ff.

H1292.8. H1292.8. Question (on quest): When will a ferryman be released from his duty? Answer: When he is able to get out of the boat and leave the oar in another’s hand. Types 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 136ff., 139; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1292.9. H1292.9. Question (on quest): When will a certain water-animal be freed from an annoyance? (Various answers). Types 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 136ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1292.10. H1292.10. Question (on quest): How can mice rid themselves of cats? (Answer: tie on bell.) Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

H1292.11. H1292.11. Question (on quest): How can ants secure longer life? (Answer: by doing without wings.) Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

H1292.12. H1292.12. Question (on quest): Where does Bras-de-Fer (Ver-sous-Terre) live? French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1292.13. H1292.13. Question (on quest): Have you see my prince? French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1292.14. H1292.14. Question (propounded on quest): Why can‘t the dragon king ascend to the sky? Chinese: Graham.

H1292.15. H1292.15. Question (propounded on quest): Why can’t the child talk or the dog bark? Chinese: Graham.

H1292.16. H1292.16. Question (propounded on quest): Why is the cow so severely beaten every day by her calf? Answer: in her last birth she had been the young of her present calf and had treated it the same way. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1292.17. H1292.17. Question (propounded on quest): Is a poor shepherd known to God? Answer: He had been a very generous god-fearing person in his last birth and God had not forgotten him. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1292.18. H1292.18. Question (propounded on quest): When can certain structure be finished? Answer: When king‘s daughter marries. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1292.19. H1292.19. Question (propounded on quest): How can a man and woman be freed from their annoyance. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1292.20. H1292.20. Question (propounded on quest): Why does kingdom go well by day and burn by night? India: Thompson-Balys.

H1300. H1300. Quests for the unique.

H1301. H1301. Quest for the most beautiful of women. *Fb “kone” II 263a; BP II 19, 34; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; West Indies: Flowers 466.

H1301.1. H1301.1. Quest for the most beautiful bride. Type 402; BP III 18, Fb “brud” IV 65a; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 151 (Richard Coer de Lyon); Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/109, 3/404, z-G. 13/317); Chile: Pino Saavedra 402--405.

H1301.1.1. H1301.1.1. Quest for bride as handsome as the hero. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 100.

H1301.1.2. H1301.1.2. Quest for faraway princess. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1301.1.3. H1301.1.3. Hero visits all islands to see if he can find woman to rival wife’s beauty. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 539.

H1302. H1302. Quest for the most beautiful bouquet. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bouquet”.

H1303. H1303. Quest for the finest of chains. Fb “kjжde” II 145.

H1305. H1305. Quest for the best of bread. Type 402; BP II 34; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1305.1. H1305.1. Quest for the best of meat. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 12.

H1305.1.1. H1305.1.1. Quest for the worst of meat. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 12.

H1305.2. H1305.2. Quest for best-cooked dish. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1306. H1306. Quest for the finest of linen. Type 402; BP II 34; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 150b nn. 452--502; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 72 No. 557, Espinosa Jr. No. 105; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chile: Pino Saavedra 402--405.

H1306.1. H1306.1. Quest for best-worked handkerchief. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1307. H1307. Quest for the smallest of dogs. Type 402; BP II 34.

H1308. H1308. Quest for the finest of horses. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21.

H1311. H1311. Quest for the richest person. Aarne FFC XXIII 127.

H1311.1. H1311.1. King seeks one richer (more magnificent) than himself. (Cf. H1395.) English: Child I 275--283 passim, III 17n., 503f.; Pйlerinage de Charlemagne; Huet 146; Thien Motive 7; Russian: Andrejev No. 650b*; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 374 No. 107.

H1311.2. H1311.2. Quest for bride richest and poorest. Type 585; BP III 355.

H1312. H1312. Quest for the greatest of fools. *Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. No. 74; Herbert III 191; Christensen DF L 91.

H1312.1. H1312.1. Quest for three persons as stupid as his wife. *Type 1384; BP I 335, II 440; Christensen DF L 35.

H1313. H1313. Quest for person who can withdraw sword. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1315. H1315. Quest for the spring of the biggest of three rivers east of Gardariki. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1316. H1316. Quest for the strongest. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1317. H1317. Quest for ornament (jewel, etc.) to match one already at hand. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1318. H1318. Liar escapes from devil: quest for greater liar. (Cf. G303.16.19.3, K210, X905.) U.S.: *Baughman.

H1319. H1319. Quests for the unique--miscellaneous.

H1319.1. H1319.1. Quest for only person who can cure certain sickness. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1319.2. H1319.2. Quest for best cap. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1319.3. H1319.3. Quest for the most beautiful rug. German: Grimm No. 63.

H1319.4. H1319.4. Quest for the most beautiful ring. German: Grimm No. 63.

H1320. H1320. Quest for marvelous objects or animals. *Type 550; Dickson 39, 50, 51; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1320.1. H1320.1. Quest for magic objects. Chinese: Graham.

H1320.2. H1320.2. Quest for things seen in dream. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1321. H1321. Quest for marvelous water. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1321.1. H1321.1. Quest for Water of Life (water which will resuscitate). *Types 550, 707; *BP II 394; MacCulloch Childhood 52ff.; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 72, 257.

H1321.2. H1321.2. Quest for healing water. Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59 No. 425D, Espinosa Jr. No. 75; Arabian: Burton Nights S VI 213; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1321.3. H1321.3. Quest for the water of youth. *Type 551.

H1321.4. H1321.4. Quest for dancing water. Kцhler-Bolte I 143; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1321.5. H1321.5. Quest for singing water. *Kцhler-Bolte I 118.

H1322. H1322. Quest for marvelous pillar.

H1322.1. H1322.1. Quest for silver pillar covered with golden flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1324. H1324. Quest for marvelous remedy. *Types 513, 551; BP II 394; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Fahrt nach den Heilmitteln”; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 75, 204; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights III 259, IX 204; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1324.1. H1324.1. Quest for magic healing lantern. Irish myth: Cross.

H1324.2. H1324.2. Quest for draught of healing. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1331. H1331. Quest for remarkable animal. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 140, 141; Jewish: Neuman; West Indies: Flowers 466.

H1331.1. H1331.1. Quest for marvelous bird. *Type 550; BP I 503ff., III 33; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 78.

H1331.1.1. H1331.1.1. Quest for Bird of Truth. *Type 707; India: *Thompson-Balys. See all references to B131.

H1331.1.2. H1331.1.2. Quest for three feathers of marvelous bird. *Type 550; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 299 No. 17, 304 No. 29.

H1331.1.2.1. H1331.1.2.1. Quest for remarkable bird feathers. Maori: Beckwith Myth 260, Clark 265; Marquesas: Handy 130; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1353, 13/276).

H1331.1.3. H1331.1.3. Quest for golden bird. *Type 550; BP I 503; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1331.1.3.1. H1331.1.3.1. Quest for jeweled golden cock. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1331.1.3.2. H1331.1.3.2. Quest for golden peacock. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1331.1.4. H1331.1.4. Quest for speaking bird. Makes all other birds sing with him. *Chauvin VII 97 No. 375 n. 2; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 138, 141; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1331.1.5. H1331.1.5. Quest for fat of water blackbirds. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1331.2. H1331.2. Quest for marvelous boar (pig). Irish myth: *Cross.

H1331.2.1. H1331.2.1. Quest for purely white boar. Irish myth: Cross.

H1331.2.2. H1331.2.2. Quest for pig not farrowed. Irish myth: Cross.

H1331.2.3. H1331.2.3. Quest for pigs killed by night and revived by day. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1331.3. H1331.3. Quest for marvelous cattle. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1331.3.1. H1331.3.1. Quest for bald, white-headed cow. Irish myth: Cross.

H1331.3.2. H1331.3.2. Quest for cow with liver of tallow. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1331.3.3. H1331.3.3. Quest for golden calf. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1331.4. H1331.4. Quest for marvelous horse. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1331.4.1. H1331.4.1. Quest for blue-eyed horse. Irish myth: Cross.

H1331.4.2. H1331.4.2. Quest for horse with peacock tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1331.5. H1331.5. Quest for marvelous goat. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1331.6. H1331.6. Quest for marvelous dog. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1331.7. H1331.7. Quest for creature with a single horn mounting to heaven with single red hair on its head. Chinese: Graham.

H1331.8. H1331.8. Quest for a large-headed worm. Irish myth: Cross (H1349.4).

H1331.9. H1331.9. Quest for sheep that is a hound by night and a sheep by day. Irish myth: Cross (H1349.5).

H1332. H1332. Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.

H1332.1. H1332.1. Quest for golden fleece. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 94 n. 1.

H1332.2. H1332.2. Quest for vulture‘s egg figured with golden letters. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1332.3. H1332.3. Quest for Gorgon’s head. Greek: Fox 33 (Perseus), *Frazer Apollodorus I 155 n. 3.

H1332.4. H1332.4. Quest for animal with golden chain. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1332.5. H1332.5. Quest for magic pigskin. Irish myth: Cross.

H1332.5.1. H1332.5.1. Quest for oil of magic pig. Irish myth: Cross.

H1332.6. H1332.6. Quest for liver of thunder and heart of dragon. Chinese: Graham.

H1332.7. H1332.7. Quest for honey from the royal bee-hive. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333. H1333. Quest for extraordinary plants (fruits, trees). Bцdker Exempler 274 No. 8; Jewish: Neuman.

H1333.1. H1333.1. Quest for marvelous tree. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1333.1.1. H1333.1.1. Quest for singing tree. *Type 425, 707; BP II 380ff.; Chauvin VII 98 No. 375; Tegethoff 11; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 205; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1333.2. H1333.2. Quest for extraordinary plant.

H1333.2.1. H1333.2.1. Quest for plant of immortality. Babylonian: Spence 160, 178; Chinese-Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 200f.

H1333.2.2. H1333.2.2. Quest for magic tobacco. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 81 No. 2, 580 No. 117.

H1333.2.3. H1333.2.3. Quest for extraordinary herb. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.2.4. H1333.2.4. Quest for magic rice. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.3. H1333.3. Quest for extraordinary fruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.3.0.1. H1333.3.0.1. Quest for rejuvenating fruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.3.0.2. H1333.3.0.2. Quest for marvelous fruit with princess inside. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.3.1. H1333.3.1. Quest for marvelous apple. Irish myth: Cross.

H1333.3.1.1. H1333.3.1.1. Quest for magic apple. (Cf. D981.1.) *Type 590; BP III 1.

H1333.3.1.2. H1333.3.1.2. Quest for dancing apple. *Kцhler-Bolte I 118.

H1333.3.1.3. H1333.3.1.3. Quest for apple of life. Type 590; BP I 513, II 400, III 1.

H1333.3.1.4. H1333.3.1.4. Quest for singing apple. Kцhler-Bolte I 143; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1333.3.1.5. H1333.3.1.5. Quest for healing apple. BP III 267; Irish myth: *Cross.

H1333.3.1.6. H1333.3.1.6. Quest for apples that are under the sea. Irish myth: Cross.

H1333.3.2. H1333.3.2. Quest for marvelous pear. Japanese: Ikeda.

H1333.3.2.1. H1333.3.2.1. Quest for red pear. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 256a.

H1333.3.3. H1333.3.3. Quest for berries from tree guarded by giants. Irish: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 176.

H1333.4. H1333.4. Quest for magic chestnut. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 149 No. 24, 201 No. 41, 504 No. 109.

H1333.5. H1333.5. Quest for marvelous flower. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.0.1. H1333.5.0.1. Quest for flower that sends forth its fragrance for hundred miles around. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.0.2. H1333.5.0.2. Quest for flower of a tree inside the seventh of a series of forts. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.0.3. H1333.5.0.3. Quest for gold flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.0.4. H1333.5.0.4. Quest for wonderful but man-killing flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.1. H1333.5.1. Quest for lotus flower. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.2. H1333.5.2. Quest for sarai flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.3. H1333.5.3. Quest for bakali flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.5.4. H1333.5.4. Quest for jasmine flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1333.6. H1333.6. Quest for branches of tree guarded by dragon. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1335. H1335. Quest for the living harp. *Type 465B.

H1335.1. H1335.1. Quest for gold mouth-harp. Fb “guldmundharpe”

H1336. H1336. Quest for magic cauldron. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 192; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1337. H1337. Quest for sword of light. Malone PMLA XLIII 433; Irish myth: *Cross.

H1337.1. H1337.1. Quest for Thunder Sword. Africa (Swahili): Bьttner 113ff.

H1338. H1338. Quest for axe which sticks in beam outside a tower. *Fb “шkse” III 1171b.

H1341. H1341. Quest for magic lantern. Irish myth: Cross.

H1342. H1342. Quest for magic iron rod. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 234.

H1342.0.1. H1342.0.1. Quest for magic wand. Irish myth: Cross.

H1343. H1343. Quest for castle of jewels. Arabian: Burton Nights V 358.

H1344. H1344. Quest for ferule to fit staff. Irish myth: *Cross (H1317).

H1345. H1345. Quest for magic spear (sword, etc.). Irish myth: *Cross.

H1346. H1346. Quest for lost magic mirror. *Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 203; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1346.1. H1346.1. Quest for stolen mirror. *Type 434.

H1347. H1347. Quest for comb. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 22.

H1348. H1348. Quest for marvelous gems. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1348.1. H1348.1. Quest for covering that is kept in an emerald box by the well. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1348.2. H1348.2. Quest for unpierced pearls. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1351. H1351. Quest for magic stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1352. H1352. Quest for magic ring. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1353. H1353. Quest for Life Index. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1355. H1355. Quest for marvelous cloth (garment). (Cf. H1306.)

H1355.1. H1355.1. Quest for garment of spider web. Irish myth: *Cross (H1349.1).

H1355.2. H1355.2. Quest for beautiful saree for the queen. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1355.3. H1355.3. Quest for silken turban on tree sixteen rivers and seven seas away. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1355.4. H1355.4. Task: achieving kingship by bringing silk from bazaar. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1355.5. H1355.5. Quest for roll of cotton driven by the wind. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1359. H1359. Quest for marvelous objects or animals--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross (H1349).

H1359.1. H1359.1. Quest for marvelous golden wood for knife handle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1359.2. H1359.2. Quest for golden spinning equipment. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1359.3. H1359.3. Quest for great tank of Indra (god). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1359.4. H1359.4. Quest for mountain of gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1359.5. H1359.5. Quest for marvelous game-board. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1360. H1360. Quest for dangerous animals. Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 126; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 2 No. 1.

H1361. H1361. Quest for lion’s milk. *Type 590; BP III 2; *Wesselski Mдrchen 242 No. 53; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “lait”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1361.0.1. H1361.0.1. Cubs furnish lion’s (tiger‘s, etc.) milk to hero. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1361.1. H1361.1. Quest for tiger’s milk. India: Thompson-Balys; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1361.2. H1361.2. Quest for bear‘s milk. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1361.3. H1361.3. Quest for wolf’s milk. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1361.4. H1361.4. Quest for wild dog‘s milk. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1361.5. H1361.5. Quest for hare’s milk. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

H1361.6. H1361.6. Quest for cheese made from milk of wild white buffaloes. (Cf. H1362.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1362. H1362. Quest for devastating animals.

H1362.1. H1362.1. Quest for devastating buffaloes. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1363. H1363. Quest for wonderful but vicious horse.

H1364. H1364. Quest for demon-owned cows. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1370. H1370. Miscellaneous quests.

H1371. H1371. Impossible quests. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 126b.

H1371.1. H1371.1. Quest for the world‘s end. BP I 231.

H1371.1.1. H1371.1.1. Quest for place where sun comes up. Africa (Swahili): Bьttner 113ff.

H1371.2. H1371.2. Quest for the bottom of the sea. *Chauvin VII 83 No. 373bis n. 3.

H1371.3. H1371.3. Quest for tears shed into the sea. Finnish: Kalevala rune 41.

H1371.4. H1371.4. Quest for ornaments bride has worn in former birth. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1376. H1376. Allegorical quests.

H1376.1. H1376.1. Quest: learning what death is. *BP I 29.

H1376.2. H1376.2. Quest: learning what fear is. *Type 326; BP I 22; Fb “rжd”.

H1376.2.1. H1376.2.1. Quest: learning what fear of Death is. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

H1376.3. H1376.3. Quest: learning what anger is. (Cf. H1394.) BP I 37.

H1376.3.1. H1376.3.1. Quest for the anger of God. Man is so fortunate that people say that he has everything but the anger of God. He seeks it and finds it with much misfortune. *Wesselski Mдrchen 241 No. 50.

H1376.4. H1376.4. Quest for bag of truths (lies). Types 513, 570; BP III 267ff., 273.

H1376.5. H1376.5. Quest for trouble. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 871*; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 384 No. 113; West Indies: Flowers 466--470.

H1376.6. H1376.6. Quest for happiness. Gesta Romanorum No. 101.

H1376.7. H1376.7. Quest for immortality. Rуna-Sklarek Ungarische Volksmдrchen (Leipzig, 1909) No. 1; Babylonian: Gilgamesch-Epos.

H1376.8. H1376.8. Quest for wisdom. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H1376.9. H1376.9. Quest for luck. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1377. H1377. Enigmatical quests.

H1377.1. H1377.1. Quest for glass of all waters. (Sea water.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 105 No. 860.

H1377.2. H1377.2. Quest for bouquet of all flowers. (Beehive.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 105 No. 860.

H1377.3. H1377.3. Quest for the hazelnuts of ay, ay, ay. (Brings hazelnuts with thorns so that the king cries “Ay, ay, ay” when he takes them.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 105 No. 860; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 III 114, *Neuman; West Indies: Flowers 470.

H1377.4. H1377.4. Quest for dusty cloth. (Barren woman assigns quest. Dusty cloth is one made dusty by the feet of a child.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1378. H1378. Paradoxical quests. (Cf. H1050.)

H1378.1. H1378.1. Quest for wood neither crooked nor straight. (Sawdust.) Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 25.

H1378.2. H1378.2. Quest for king’s joy and woe. (King tells of adventures in which his brothers are all killed. They were a joy to him but their death a woe.) Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17.

H1381. H1381. Quest for unknown person.

H1381.1. H1381.1. Quest for unknown parents. Dickson 25, 183; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H1381.2. H1381.2. Quest for unknown father. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1381.2.1. H1381.2.1. Woman seeks unknown father of her child. *Type 551; BP II 394ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484; (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

H1381.2.1.1. H1381.2.1.1. Quest for unknown, vanished beloved. Icelandic: Hбlfdanar saga Eyst. ch. VIIIff., Boberg.

H1381.2.2. H1381.2.2. Child seeks unknown parent.

H1381.2.2.1. H1381.2.2.1. Son seeks unknown father. *Type 707; BP II 380ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 134 (Sir Degare); India: Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 61, 131; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 86, 514, 479; Tonga: Gifford 112.

H1381.2.2.1.1. H1381.2.2.1.1. Boy twitted with illegitimacy seeks unknown father. *Type 873; *Chauvin V 72 No. 21 n. 1; **Potter Sohrab and Rustem 9ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 139; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 263.

H1381.2.2.2. H1381.2.2.2. Child seeks unknown mother. Maori: Beckwith Myth 481.

H1381.2.2.2.1. H1381.2.2.2.1. Boy twitted with illegitimacy seeks unknown mother. Chinese: Graham.

H1381.3. H1381.3. Quest for unknown woman. (Cf. H1385, M55.)

H1381.3.1. H1381.3.1. Quest for bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1381.3.1.1. H1381.3.1.1. Quest for bride for king (prince). *Type 531; *Schoepperle I 188 n. 3; Thien Motive 7; BP III 18; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Bуsa saga 49, *Boberg; Hindu: Tawney I 380; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries‘s list No. 218.

H1381.3.1.1.1. H1381.3.1.1.1. Quest for bride for king like picture he has seen. (Cf. H1381.3.1.2.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1381.3.1.2. H1381.3.1.2. Quest for bride for oneself. Type 585; BP III 355; Fb “hеr” I 771b; Dickson 184; Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish: Kalevala runes 5, 11; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/900); N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Thompson CColl II 403.

H1381.3.1.2.1. H1381.3.1.2.1. Quest for unknown woman whose picture has aroused man’s love. (Cf. H1381.3.1.1.1.) Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys (T11.2).

H1381.3.1.2.2. H1381.3.1.2.2. Quest for girl hero has seen in dream. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1381.3.1.2.3. H1381.3.1.2.3. Quest for dangerous maiden as bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1381.3.1.3. H1381.3.1.3. Quest for bride for dwarf. Irish myth: Cross.

H1381.3.2. H1381.3.2. Quest for Glass Princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1381.3.3. H1381.3.3. Quest for clever woman. De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff.

H1381.3.4. H1381.3.4. Quest for princess transformed into skein of silk. Fb “silke” III 204a.

H1381.3.5. H1381.3.5. Quest for woman exactly like another. Irish myth: Cross.

H1381.3.6. H1381.3.6. Quest for persecuted woman. Irish myth: Cross.

H1381.3.7. H1381.3.7. Quest for princess hidden by father. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1381.3.8. H1381.3.8. Quest for queen of fairies. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1381.4. H1381.4. Quest for son of sinless couple. Irish myth: Cross.

H1381.5. H1381.5. Hero seeks his equal. (Cf. H1311.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

H1381.6. H1381.6. Quest for unknown son. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1381.7. H1381.7. Quest for unknown bridegroom who has certain name and is only son among seven children of father. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1382. H1382. Quest for unknown objects or places. Kittredge Gawain 5ff.

H1382.1. H1382.1. Quest for unknown magic words. Hero seeks them on the heads of swallows, the necks of swans, the backs of geese, and the tongues of reindeer. Finnish: Kalevala rune 16.

H1382.2. H1382.2. Quest for unknown story (epic). Irish myth: *Cross.

H1382.2.1. H1382.2.1. Quest for unknown lines of poem. Irish myth: Cross.

H1382.3. H1382.3. Quest for unknown wonder. Irish myth: Cross.

H1383. H1383. Quest for unknown animal. Irish myth: Cross.

H1383.1. H1383.1. Quest for unknown puppy-hound. Irish myth: Cross.

H1385. H1385. Quest for lost persons. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

H1385.0.1. H1385.0.1. Unspelling quest: journey to disenchant (free) captives. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1385.1. H1385.1. Quest for stolen princess. *Types 301, 408, 506; Aarne FFC XXIII 126; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1385.2. H1385.2. Quest for vanished daughter. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 34 n. 3; Hindu: Tawney II 166; West Indies: Flowers 470f.

H1385.3. H1385.3. Quest for vanished wife (mistress). *Type 400; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Hindu: Tawney I 407ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Oceanic: Dixon 70--72 (New Zealand, Mangaia, Nieue, Chatham Island, Hawaii, New Britain, Admiralty Islands), 139 (New Hebrides), 220 (Indonesia), De Vries‘s list No. 221 (Indonesia); Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 222, III 75, Rink 145, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 180.

H1385.3.1. H1385.3.1. Quest for vanished wife and son. Husband seeks wife and son in many countries. Nouvelles de Sens No. 12.

H1385.4. H1385.4. Quest for vanished husband. *Types 425, 890; Tegethoff 42; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V Nos. 3, 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Oceanic: Beckwith Myth 169ff.

H1385.4.1. H1385.4.1. Quest for husband who has been reincarnated as cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1385.5. H1385.5. Quest for vanished lover. (Cf. H1381.2.1.1.) *Type 432; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59, 61 Nos. 425D, 445A; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1385.6. H1385.6. Quest for lost sister. Type 47; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1385.7. H1385.7. Quest for lost father. (Cf. H1216.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1385.7.1. H1385.7.1. Quest for lost grandfather. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1385.8. H1385.8. Quest for lost brother(s). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 452*; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; German: Grimm Nos. 9, 25, 49, 60, 85, 96; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1385.9. H1385.9. Quest for lost (stolen) family. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1385.10. H1385.10. Quest for lost prince (king). India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1385.11. H1385.11. Quest for lost uncles. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1385.12. H1385.12. King in quest of his prime minister who has left him in anger. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1386. H1386. Quest for lost object. Missouri French: Carriиre.

H1386.1. H1386.1. Quest for lost horn. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1386.2. H1386.2. Quest for missing ring. Fb “ring” III 61a; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1386.3. H1386.3. Quest for lost bird. *Type 480; Roberts 131.

H1386.4. H1386.4. Quest for lost ecclesiastical rule. Irish myth: Cross (H1382.3).

H1388. H1388. Quest: answer to certain question. De Vries FFC LXXIII 43ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1388.1. H1388.1. Question: What is it women most desire. Answer: Sovereignty. English: Wells 68 (The Weddynge of Sir Gawen and Dame Ragnell), Child I 289--294, Chaucer’s “Wife of Bath‘s Tale.”

H1392. H1392. Quest for armor from a grave mound. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1392.1. H1392.1. Quest for gold from a grave mound. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 153, 160, 165, 355ff., (1928) 107, 115, 117, 231ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1393. H1393. Quest to distant sage for advice. *Wesselski Arlotto II 240 No. 133.

H1394. H1394. Quest for person who has not known sorrow. Clouston Tales II 323ff.

H1395. H1395. Heroes seek judgment as to which is greatest. (Cf. H1311.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

H1396. H1396. Quest for light-giving child. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1397. H1397. Quest for enemies.

H1397.1. H1397.1. Quest for witch stepmother. (Cf. S31.) Icelandic: Boberg.

H1397.2. H1397.2. Quest for enemy‘s children. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1400--H1599.

H1400--H1599. Other Tests.

H1400--H1449.

H1400--H1449. TESTS OF FEAR

H1400. H1400. Fear test. A person is put to various tests in the attempt to make him show fear. *Type 326; *BP I 22ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1401. H1401. Deity assumes frightful guises to frighten child. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1401.1. H1401.1. Chief of dead assumes frightful guises to frighten visitors. New Guinea: Beckwith Myth 508, 512.

H1401.2. H1401.2. Ogress assumes frightful guises to frighten messengers. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 174, 194.

H1405. H1405. Fear test: behaving as if enemy is coming in order to see who will flee and who will stay and fight. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1406. H1406. Suitor tested by apparent threats to his person. Heptameron No. 16.

H1407. H1407. Fear test: serpent put in flour so that fearless youth kneads it into the dough. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1408. H1408. Test: going without fear through a wilderness filled with all manner of beasts. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1410. H1410. Fear test: staying in frightful place.

H1411. H1411. Fear test: staying in haunted house. Type 326; Irish: Cross, O’Suilleabhain 53, Beal XXI 319; England: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 686; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 73.

H1411.1. H1411.1. Fear test: staying in haunted house where corpse drops piecemeal down chimney. Dead man‘s members call out to hero, “Shall we fall, or shall we not?” *Type 326; *Taylor MPh XVII 321 n. 1; Scott “Marmion” note H; BP I 30 n. 1; Kцhler-Bolte I 130; Fb “menneske” II 577b; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 241 n. 1.

H1411.1.1. H1411.1.1. Fear test: staying in haunted house where horse carcass drops down chimney. *Taylor MPh XVII (1919) 321 n. 1; Scott “Marmion” Note H; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 41 No. 46**.

H1411.2. H1411.2. Fear test: staying in haunted house infested by cats. Type 326; BP I 22ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

H1411.2.1. H1411.2.1. Fear test: night watch with magic cats. Irish myth: Cross.

H1411.3. H1411.3. Fear test: staying in enchanted castle at night where the devil gives a moral speech and prophesies. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1411.4. H1411.4. Fear test: spending night in house (hall) haunted by demon (monster). Irish myth: *Cross.

H1412. H1412. Fear test: spending night in church. Fb “kirke” II 126a.

H1412.1. H1412.1. Fear test: going into the church at night and ringing the bell. German: Grimm No. 4.

H1415. H1415. Fear test: staying under gallows at night. Type 326; Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 42.

H1416. H1416. Fear test: spending night by grave. Fb “fшrst” I 404; Jewish: Neuman.

H1418. H1418. Fear test: taking boy to frightful enemy‘s tent. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1420. H1420. Fearless traffic with devils.

H1421. H1421. Fear test: playing cards with devil in church. Type 326; BP I 22f.; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 42.

H1421.1. H1421.1. Hero plays skittles with demons. German: Grimm No. 4.

H1422. H1422. Fear test: cutting devil’s fingernails. Type 326; BP I 22ff.; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 42.

H1423. H1423. Fear test: fighting with spirits. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1423.1. H1423.1. Fear test: passing through door guarded by savage hound and armed soldier. Irish myth: Cross.

H1423.2. H1423.2. Fear test: undergoing terrifying experience out of doors on Hallowe‘en. Irish myth: Cross.

H1423.3. H1423.3. Fear test: bringing from a hill, seized by a demon, the fattest of goats. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1430. H1430. Fearless traffic with ghosts.

H1431. H1431. Fear test: stealing clothes from ghosts. Type 326; BP I 34 n. 1.

H1433. H1433. Fear test: playing game with reassembled dead man. (Cf. H1411.1, H1421.) Type 326; BP I 22ff.

H1434. H1434. Fear test: eating and drinking from skulls. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 326.

H1435. H1435. Fear test: fetching skulls from a charnel house. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 146.

H1436. H1436. Fear test: keeping goal in hurling-match for corpses. Irish: Read FL XXVII 277f., Knortz Irlдndische Mдrchen (Zьrich, 1886) 23.

H1440. H1440. The learning of fear. Missouri French: Carriиre; Japanese: Ikeda.

H1441. H1441. Fearless hero frightened by being awakened with cold water. Type 326.

H1441.1. H1441.1. Fearless hero frightened by being awakened by eels put down his back. Type 326.

H1450--H1499.

H1450--H1499. TESTS OF VIGILANCE

H1450. H1450. Vigilance test.

H1450.1. H1450.1. Waking contest. Type 513; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 311 n. 2; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 137.

H1451. H1451. Test: speechless vigil in church. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 101 No. 86; cf. Type 307.

H1460. H1460. Test: vigil at tomb.

H1461. H1461. Test: sitting up with corpse. Wake. Type 480; *Roberts 177.

H1462. H1462. Vigil for dead father. *Type 530; *BP III 111 n. 3; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 365B*.

H1462.1. H1462.1. Vigil for dead father: youngest son alone endures frightful experiences. Ceiling, floors, and walls knock together. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 42 No. 302A*.

H1463. H1463. Three-night watch over grave to guard man from devil. *BP III 420; Scotch: Campbell Tales I 220; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3365, Legends Nos. 693--697, 700f.; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 201.

H1470. H1470. Other vigilance tests.

H1471. H1471. Watch for devastating monster. Youngest alone successful. *Types 301, 550; BP I 503, *514; MacCulloch Childhood 350; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 207b; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 148f., *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 334ff.

H1471.1. H1471.1. Watch for thieves in the king’s garden. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1472. H1472. Test: sleeping by princess three nights without looking at her or disturbing her. *Type 400; BP II 335ff.

H1480. H1480. Accomplishment of vigilance test.

H1481. H1481. Thumb cut and salt put on it in order to remain awake. Kцhler-Bolte I 561; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1482. H1482. Dirk stuck into thigh in order to keep from sleeping. Japanese: Mitford 245ff.

H1483. H1483. Grains slowly munched in order to keep from sleeping. (Cf. H1471.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1484. H1484. Continual pricking with pin in order to remain awake. Irish myth: Cross.

H1484.1. H1484.1. Large fire and water for washing eyes as device of expectant lover. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1500--H1549.

H1500--H1549. TESTS OF ENDURANCE AND POWER OF SURVIVAL

H1500. H1500. Tests of endurance.

H1501. H1501. Endurance test: long dancing. Girl tires out many partners. English: Child II 102--110, IV 214f.; West Indies: Flowers 471.

H1502. H1502. Test: enduring hardship. Tested by making girl serve woman who has leprosy, etc. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 43ff. No. 1.

H1503. H1503. Endurance test: scalding mush scattered on heroine’s naked body; rasp-tongued dogs lick wounds. N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Alexander N. Am. 35.

H1504. H1504. Test: sleeping naked on floor in cold. (Suitor test.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1505. H1505. Test: sewing clothes into boy‘s hands and tearing them off together with the skin. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1506. H1506. Endurance test: hero maintains silence in the snake pit. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1507. H1507. Hero pursues and kills fugitive in spite of bleeding wounds. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1508. H1508. Test: long praying.

H1508.1. H1508.1. Test: repeating incantation continuously for months. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1510. H1510. Tests of power to survive. Vain attempts to kill hero. *Types 461, 516 930; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 120ff.; Chauvin VIII 145 No. 145C; *Oesterley No. 20; *Herbert III 198.--Icelandic: Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 22; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; S. A. Indian (Central Brazil): Ehrenreich International Congress of Americanists XIV 662; Africa: Werner African 214, (Ekoi): Talbot 208.

H1511. H1511. Heat test. Attempt to kill hero by burning him in fire. Type 513; German: Grimm No. 71; Finnish: Kalevala rune 31; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 311 n. 120; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 72 No. 11.

H1511.1. H1511.1. Heat test: swallowing red-hot stones. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 120c.

H1511.1.1. H1511.1.1. Test: swallowing heated brass and iron ornaments. Chinese: Graham.

H1511.2. H1511.2. Burning food test. Attempt to kill hero by feeding him burning food. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 120b.

H1511.3. H1511.3. Smoke test. Attempt to kill hero by smoke. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 120a.

H1511.4. H1511.4. Smoking test. Attempt to kill hero by having him smoke fatal pipe. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191d.

H1512. H1512. Cold test. Attempt to freeze hero to death. *Type 513; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1515. H1515. Poisoned food test. Attempt to kill hero by feeding him poisoned food. Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 123; Hertz Gesammelte Abhandlungen “Die Sage vom Giftmдdchen”; BP I 42ff.; Herrmann Saxo II 139; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 140.

H1515.1. H1515.1. Attempt to poison by druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1515.2. H1515.2. Poisoned drink test. Attempt to kill saint by giving him poisoned drink. Irish myth: Cross.

H1515.3. H1515.3. Test: food with thorns. Hero given food in which thorns are hidden. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1516. H1516. Poisoned clothing test. Attempt to kill hero by poisoning clothing. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 124.

H1517. H1517. Test: bite of poisonous snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1521. H1521. Clam test. Hero is sent to capture a giant clam, so that he can be killed. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 130.

H1522. H1522. Killing trees threaten hero. India: *Thompson-Balys; Tahiti: Dixon 64; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 160.

H1522.1. H1522.1. Bent tree test. Bent tree is released so as to tear hero to pieces. Greek: Fox 98 (Theseus); Oceanic: Dixon 321 n. 71.

H1525. H1525. Clashing rocks test: hero to pass between them. S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

H1531. H1531. Spine test. Attempt to kill hero by throwing him on sharp spine or spike. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 324 n. 168.

H1531.1. H1531.1. Test: dancing on sharp instruments. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1531.2. H1531.2. Vain attempt to kill hero on stairway set with razors. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1532. H1532. Wedge test. Hero is caught in cleft of tree. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 129.

H1533. H1533. Hanging test. Unavailing attempt to kill hero by hanging. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 44, 50, Beal XXI 316, 318; Finnish: Kalevala rune 31.

H1534. H1534. Plank test. Attempt to kill hero by letting plank fall on him. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 325A*.

H1535. H1535. Precipice test. Hero is pushed over a precipice. Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 122, (California): Gayton and Newman 95; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 72 No. 11.

H1535.1. H1535.1. Pit test. Hero thrown into pit. Africa (Benga): Nassau 217 No. 33, (Basuto): Jacottet 72 No. 11.

H1536. H1536. Toboggan test. Attempt to kill hero on dangerous toboggan. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 326 n. 173.

H1537. H1537. Test: playing game with ferocious beast.

H1537.1. H1537.1. Bear demands that heroine play Blindman’s Buff. Type 480; *Roberts 175.

H1538. H1538. Drowning test. Unavailing attempt to drown hero. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 31; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 85; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 124.

H1540. H1540. Contests in endurance. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1541. H1541. Contest in enduring cold. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1541.1. H1541.1. Contest in enduring cold: frost and the hare. Hare tries to deceive frost by lying on frozen snow and saying, “Oh, how warm!” *Type 71; Dh III 23.

H1541.2. H1541.2. Contest in enduring cold: wind overcomes frost. Type 1097*.

H1542. H1542. Contest in enduring heat. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 194a n. 14; Icelandic: *Boberg; Melanesia: Wheeler 66.

H1542.1. H1542.1. Contest in crossing river of fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1543. H1543. Contest in remaining under water. (Cf. H1538.) Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Madagascar): Renel I 168ff. No. 30.

H1544. H1544. Contest in enduring thirst. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1545. H1545. Contest in fasting. *Loomis White Magic 130.

H1550--H1569.

H1550--H1569. TESTS OF CHARACTER

H1550. H1550. Tests of character. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йpreuves”; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1550.1. H1550.1. Bad character shown by the eyes. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

H1552. H1552. Tests of generosity. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1552.1. H1552.1. Which was the most generous--husband, robber, or lover? Woman has promised her lover to go to him on her wedding night. Husband lets her go. On way she meets robbers and tells her story. Robbers take her to her lover. She tells what has happened. Lover returns her immediately to her husband. *Type 976; *Kцhler-Bolte I 214--216; *Chauvin VIII 123f. No. 110; Penzer VII 7ff.; Chaucer‘s “Franklin’s Tale”; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1552.1.1. H1552.1.1. Which was most generous--husband, lover, or magician (similar)? Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1552.2. H1552.2. Contest in generosity. Ruler vies with minister in generosity. Minister declared loser and condemned to die. Pardoned on acknowledging defeat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1553. H1553. Tests of patience. Gaster Exempla 202 No. 84; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 37, Beal XXI 314.

H1553.1. H1553.1. Philosopher teaches son to beg before stone statues. In this way he will acquire patience. Spanish: Childers.

H1553.2. H1553.2. Test of patience: king accepts strong reproof and criticism. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1553.3. H1553.3. Test of patience: those who wish to enter city gate must endure insults of old men there who mock them. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1553.4. H1553.4. Man shows his patience by accepting blow in face with stool thrown by his superior in monastery. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1553.5. H1553.5. Monk fails in test of patience. He tries to live alone to test it. One day he loses his temper at a cup which overturns and he breaks it. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1553.6. H1553.6. Test of patience by asking irrelevant riddles. Jewish: Neuman.

H1554. H1554. Test of curiosity. (Cf. H1557.)

H1554.1. H1554.1. Test of curiosity: mouse in jug. The new Eve. A woman has boasted of a lack of curiosity and blamed Mother Eve. The king entertains her in his castle. She may see everything but must not look into a certain silver jug. She does so and finds a mouse in it. (Cf. H1557.2.) *Type 1416; *BP III 543 n. 1; *Crane Vitry 139 No. 13; Alphabet No. 575; *Fb “Adam” IV 3b; H. C. Andersen “Krшblingen”, Danish Fairy Tales and Legends; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

H1554.2. H1554.2. Test of curiosity: the clock. A man is promised a beautiful clock if he can mind his own business for a whole year. He does. The giver tells him he is the second man who almost made sure of getting the clock. The man asks how the other missed getting it; he loses the clock himself. England: Baughman.

H1554.3. H1554.3. Test of curiosity: the paternoster. Plowman is promised a horse if he can say a paternoster without thinking of anything else. In the midst of the recitation, he asks if he will get the saddle and bridle too. He loses bargain. England: Baughman.

H1555. H1555. Tests of honesty. Irish myth: Cross.

H1555.1. H1555.1. Test of honesty: man entrusted with treasure. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556. H1556. Tests of fidelity. Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Tawney I 86 n., 196, 357, II 57, 71, 606; Arabian: Burton Nights V 144, IX 325.

H1556.0.1. H1556.0.1. Fidelity of servant tested. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1556.0.2. H1556.0.2. Test of fidelity (loyalty) of guard. (Faithful unto death.) India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556.1. H1556.1. Test of fidelity by feigning death. English: Wells 129 (Sir Orfeo); Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 4; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 473.

H1556.1.1. H1556.1.1. Cock feigns death to see what hens will say about him. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556.2. H1556.2. Test of fidelity through submitting hero to temptations. Kittredge Gawain and the Green Knight 6ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556.3. H1556.3. Test of fidelity through offering suspected assassin opportunity to commit the murder. Heptameron No. 17.

H1556.4. H1556.4. Fidelity in love tested. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556.4.1. H1556.4.1. Lover‘s fidelity tested by going to bed with mistress and only kissing. Heptameron No. 18.

H1556.4.2. H1556.4.2. Lover’s fidelity tested by making love to maid. Heptameron No. 18.

H1556.4.2.1. H1556.4.2.1. Wife tests her husband‘s fidelity by tempting him in the guise of another woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556.4.3. H1556.4.3. Lover’s fidelity tested by substituting maid in mistress‘s bed at assignation. He must refuse her. Heptameron No. 18.

H1556.4.4. H1556.4.4. Old uncle tests nephew‘s fidelity by sleeping with his beloved. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1556.4.5. H1556.4.5. Husband’s (wife‘s) willingness to die for mate disappears when Death seems to arrive. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1355*.

H1556.4.5.1. H1556.4.5.1. Old woman’s willingness to die for daughter disappears when Death seems to arrive. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556.4.6. H1556.4.6. Rose given by supernatural wife to husband when he leaves for home will shed as many petals as times he thinks of her. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1556.5. H1556.5. Test of fidelity by feigning sleep in same bed as calumniated hero or alone in the forest with him. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1557. H1557. Tests of obedience. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1557.1. H1557.1. Obedience of sons tested by offering them apple. They are each offered a slice of apple. The king says, “Open your mouth and receive what I give you”. Eldest son insulted; youngest obeys and receives kingdom as reward. (Cf. H1558.0.1.1.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 368; *Crane Vitry 187 No. 123; BP III 236; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 8 No. 3; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 93a n. 7.

H1557.2. H1557.2. Adam’s (Eve‘s) disobedience blamed: blamer immediately disobeys orders. (Cf. H1554.1.) Alphabet Nos. 574, 575.

H1557.3. H1557.3. Old man contented till forbidden to leave city. Immediately disobeys. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 319; Wesselski Mдrchen 220 No. 33.

H1557.4. H1557.4. Pope tests women’s disobedience: not to look into box. (Cf. H1554.1.) They do so and are not allowed to hear confession. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 398.

H1557.5. H1557.5. Obedience of king‘s subjects tested by willingness to allow spear to be carried crosswise into houses. Way must be hewn. Irish myth: Cross.

H1557.6. H1557.6. King tests gardener’s obedience by playing thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1558. H1558. Tests of friendship. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1558.0.1. H1558.0.1. Test of worthiness for friendship.

H1558.0.1.1. H1558.0.1.1. Apple test of worthiness for friendship. Father gives son three apples to offer to those he meets. If the man eats all, avoid him; if he divides, make friends with him. (Cf. H1557.1.) *BP II 39 n. 2, III 236; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 92b. n. 3.

H1558.1. H1558.1. Test of friendship: the half-friend. A man kills a hog and tells his friends that he has killed a man and asks where he can hide the body. All of them drive him away and only his father’s half-friend remains true to him in his feigned trouble. *Type 893; *Basset RTP XXII 10; *Crane Vitry 185f. No. 120; Herbert III 10, 55, 205; *Penzer V 87 n. 1; Alphabet No. 59; Chauvin IX 15f.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 94b; Oesterley No. 129; Scala Celi 9a, 11b Nos. 60, 69.--Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII p. xix, *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 32, *274.

H1558.1.1. H1558.1.1. Of three friends the least loved proves true in emergency. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 32, 275; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1558.2. H1558.2. Test of friendship: substitute as murderer. A man in misery gives himself up as a murderer rather than endure further misery. His friend tries to take on himself the guilt and be substituted. The real murderer, touched by the generosity, confesses. *Chauvin IX 16 No. 2; Schiller’s “Burgschaft”; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1558.3. H1558.3. Test of friendship: to go with one to death. Everyman. He calls in Riches, Family, etc. Only Good Deeds remains with him. *Chauvin III 101 No. 7; Jewish: *Bin Gorion Born Judas IV 226, 275; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1558.4. H1558.4. The hare with many friends. In the final test none help and only her legs save her. Jacobs Aesop 216 No. 70.

H1558.5. H1558.5. Test of friendship: death feigned to test debtor friends. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1558.6. H1558.6. Test of friendship: the imagined refusal. Man wonders if his friend would lend him his palfrey. Decides he would refuse. Imagines that he has actually asked for the palfrey and has been refused. Cools toward his friend. The owner of the horse asks for an explanation. He agrees to lend him the horse and they are reconciled. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

H1558.7. H1558.7. Test of friendship: the power of money. Spendthrift loses his friends in poverty. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1558.7.1. H1558.7.1. Sultan takes disguise of beggar to test friends. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1558.7.2. H1558.7.2. Friends desert when man reports loss of his money. England: Baughman.

H1558.8. H1558.8. Friends refuse to fight against each other. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1558.8.1. H1558.8.1. Sword too heavy to lift against a friend. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1558.9. H1558.9. Pregnant wife left in charge of friend. Icelandic: Lagerholm 129ff., Boberg.

H1558.10. H1558.10. Friendship kept up even during sons‘ jealousy and enmity. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1558.11. H1558.11. Test of friendship: to take a slap publicly from friend. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1558.12. H1558.12. Test of friendship: mourner says dead husband can be touched only by sinless person; volunteers for cremating body immediately disperse. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1558.13. H1558.13. Test of friendship: loyalty to condemned friend. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1561. H1561. Tests of valor. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1561.1. H1561.1. Tests of valor: tournament. English: Hibbard 229, Wells 151 (Coer de Lyon); Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

H1561.2. H1561.2. Single combat to prove valor. *Chauvin V 21 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

H1561.2.1. H1561.2.1. Holmgang. Single combat on an island. *Schoepperle II 338ff.; English: Wells 32 (Layamon’s Brut); Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1561.2.2. H1561.2.2. Fight with father‘s old friend, though only to mention who he is would assure the youth a friendly reception. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 222--32, Boberg.

H1561.2.3. H1561.2.3. Combats at fords. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1561.3. H1561.3. Test of valor: not flinching under a blow. Kittredge Gawain 7ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1561.4. H1561.4. Test of valor: rousing servant’s anger. Nobleman, when examining servants for hire, bids each stand before him and comb his long beard. Occasionally he snaps at them as if to bite them. Those who dodge he lets go; those who offer fight he employs. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 862.

H1561.5. H1561.5. Test of valor worthy for kingship: taking possession of royal insignia placed between two ferocious lions. Chauvin II 183 No. 24.

H1561.6. H1561.6. Test of valor: fight with giant. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

H1561.7. H1561.7. Test of valor: attack by warrior and hound. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1561.8. H1561.8. Warriors battle against leader as test of valor. Irish myth: Cross.

H1561.9. H1561.9. Prince chooses shorter but more dangerous road. Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1561.10. H1561.10. Master tests disciple by asking him if he will be willing to plunge with him into the Indus. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1562. H1562. Test of strength. *Type 650; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

H1562.1. H1562.1. Test of strength: pulling up tree by roots. See all references to F621.

H1562.1.1. H1562.1.1. Test of strength: cutting tree with one stroke. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1562.2. H1562.2. Test of strength: lifting stone (fireplace, etc.) English: Wells 59 (The Turke and Gowin), 114 (Sir Isumbras); Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Schmidt DF XXXIX 55.

H1562.2.1. H1562.2.1. Test of strength: lifting sword. Chinese: Graham.

H1562.2.2. H1562.2.2. Before undertaking rescue, bat tests strength by lifting stone. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 95.

H1562.3. H1562.3. Test of strength: breaking heavy glass bottle over loaf of rye bread. *Fb “flaske” I 309.

H1562.4. H1562.4. Test of strength: prodigious jump. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1562.5. H1562.5. Test of strength: heavy stone flung at boaster; he throws it back. Irish myth: Cross.

H1562.6. H1562.6. Test of strength: breaking spirited horse. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1562.7. H1562.7. Strength contest: contestants stand with back to rock on opposite side, an iron ring around neck of each connected by chain. They tug until ring severs neck of one. Irish myth: Cross.

H1562.8. H1562.8. Test of strength: breaking witch‘s back. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1562.9. H1562.9. Test of strength: wrestling. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1562.10. H1562.10. Test of strength: pushing out heavy ferry. Icelandic: Boberg.

H1562.11. H1562.11. Test of strength: pulling in two iron bars passing through hole. Irish myth: Cross.

H1562.12. H1562.12. Task: destruction of iron castle. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

H1562.13. H1562.13. Test of strength: shooting through seven iron plates with arrow. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1562.14. H1562.14. Mighty-of-His-Mouth and Mighty-of-His-Hands decide to live together to test strength. Strength of mind is winner. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1563. H1563. Test of skill. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1564. H1564. Test of hospitality. English: Wells 64 (Avowynge of King Arthur etc.); Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

H1565. H1565. Tests of gratitude.

H1565.1. H1565.1. Test of gratitude: magician makes pupil believe himself superior. Though he has promised magician great rewards he forgets his promise. Wealth removed. Alphabet No. 62; Scala Celi 12a No. 72; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 13 No. 7; Herbert 83 No. 7; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

H1566. H1566. Test for admission to warrior band. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1567. H1567. Test of leadership. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1567.1. H1567.1. Frightful meal as test of leadership. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1567.1.1. H1567.1.1. Test of leadership (obedience): swallowing mouse without vomiting. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1568. H1568. Test of the champion. Irish myth: Cross.

H1568.1. H1568.1. Test of championship: sitting on pillow covering egg without breaking egg. Irish myth: Cross.

H1569. H1569. Tests of character--miscellaneous.

H1569.1. H1569.1. Test of industry. (Cf. H382.)

H1569.1.1. H1569.1.1. Man tests industry of prospective servant girl. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

H1570--H1599.

H1570--H1599. MISCELLANEOUS TESTS

H1571. H1571. Test of sensitiveness. (For details see F647.) *BP III 238; Penzer VII 10ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 64; Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 120.

H1572. H1572. Test of fertility. Irish myth: Cross.

H1572.1. H1572.1. Stone under fertile woman produces milk; under barren woman produces blood. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573. H1573. Religious tests. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

H1573.0.1. H1573.0.1. Angel helpers in religious test. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.1. H1573.1. Belief in Christianity tested. (Cf. V300.) Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.1.1. H1573.1.1. Heathen swallowed by earth. Proof of his belief. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.1.2. H1573.1.2. Loathly deed performed as evidence of Christian virtue. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.1.3. H1573.1.3. Druid attempts to shake king’s faith by magic manifestation. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.1.4. H1573.1.4. Man commanded by saint to leap into fiery furnace: unharmed. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.2. H1573.2. Religious personages tested. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

H1573.2.1. H1573.2.1. Magic manifestation required as proof in test of saintliness. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

H1573.2.2. H1573.2.2. Saint tested by visit of deity in disguise. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.2.3. H1573.2.3. Test of worthiness for bishop: plowing without plowshare. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.3. H1573.3. Power of Christianity tested. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1573.3.1. H1573.3.1. Saint drinks poison without injury as proof of power of Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1573.3.2. H1573.3.2. Saint‘s horse miraculously preserved as proof of power of Christianity before fairy. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.3.3. H1573.3.3. Transformation by saint as proof of Christianity before druid. Irish myth: Cross.

H1573.3.4. H1573.3.4. Wizard (druid) burned, saint saved in test of power of Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1573.4. H1573.4. Power of other religions tested.

H1573.4.1. H1573.4.1. Power of Judaism tested. Jewish: Neuman.

H1573.5. H1573.5. Test of steadfastness of love for God: though warned in dream man refuses to part with sacred stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1573.6. H1573.6. Test of righteousness.

H1573.6.1. H1573.6.1. Ability to cross bridge as test of righteousness. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1573.7. H1573.7. Test of repentance.

H1573.7.1. H1573.7.1. Test of repentance: culprit exposed to situation identical to that in which he sinned. (Cf. H1573.) Jewish: *Neuman.

H1574. H1574. Tests of social position. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1574.0.1. H1574.0.1. Social rank determined according to portion taken from cauldron of food. Irish myth: Cross.

H1574.1. H1574.1. Tests for noble blood. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1574.2. H1574.2. Fruitfulness of nature as proof of kingly right. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1574.3. H1574.3. King chosen by test. Irish myth: Cross.

H1574.3.0.1. H1574.3.0.1. Test imposed on young princes as candidates for throne. Irish myth: Cross.

H1574.3.0.2. H1574.3.0.2. Two deities test virtues of a king. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1574.3.1. H1574.3.1. The burning forge (smithy): he who salvages anvil will be king. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1574.3.2. H1574.3.2. He who wins maiden queen is king. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1575. H1575. Tests of sight. Irish myth: Cross.

H1575.1. H1575.1. Test of sight: stepping stones. Captives re-blinded if they cross stepping-stones without stumbling. Irish myth: Cross.

H1576. H1576. Tests of possession of magic powers. Irish myth: Cross.

H1576.1. H1576.1. Test of magic powers: telling sex of unborn goat. India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1576.2. H1576.2. Test of skill for a fakir: heating iron and passing it through hands without burning them.

H1577. H1577. Test of divine favor.

H1577.1. H1577.1. Test of goddess’ favor: man throws away his wife‘s jewel-box to see if she can regain it with the aid of goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1577.2. H1577.2. Test of goddess’s favor: husband drowns his son to see if his wife‘s tutelary goddess can bring him back to life. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1578. H1578. Test of sex: to discover person masking as of other sex. *Dh I 329; Kцhler in Gonzenbach II 216 No. 17.

H1578.1. H1578.1. Test of sex of girl masking as man. BP II 57f., III 236; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 6; India: Thompson-Balys.

H1578.1.1. H1578.1.1. Test of sex of girl masking as man: peas spread on floor. Men tread firmly; women slip. BP II 57 n. 2; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 92b. n. 6; *Zachariae Kleine Schriften 58.

H1578.1.1.1. H1578.1.1.1. Test of girl masking as man: nuts and corn spread on floor. Jewish: *Neuman (J1661.1.)

H1578.1.2. H1578.1.2. Test of sex of girl masking as man: spinning wheel brought. Men take no notice; women interested. BP II 57 n. 2.

H1578.1.3. H1578.1.3. Test of sex of girl masking as man: choosing flowers. Girl will choose a carnation; man a rose. Sicilian: Gonzenbach No. 17.

H1578.1.4. H1578.1.4. Test of sex of girl masking as man: ball thrown into lap. Girls spread legs to catch it; men not. Fb “kvinde” II 339a.

H1578.1.4.1. H1578.1.4.1. Woman throws apple to man in woman’s dress. He puts his legs together to catch it. (Cf. H1578.1.4.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

H1578.1.4.2. H1578.1.4.2. Test of sex of man masking as girl: jumping over pit (only man succeeds). India: Thompson-Balys.

H1578.1.5. H1578.1.5. Test of sex of girl masking as man: nuts and apples offered. Men put them in their shirts, girls into their handkerchiefs. *BP II 58; Bolte Wickram‘s Rollwagenbьchlein 384 n. 2; FL I 133, 354; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 92b. n. 6.

H1578.1.6. H1578.1.6. Test of sex of girl masking as man: warned by a parrot, she picks only one flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1578.2. H1578.2. Test of sex of man masking as girl: arms placed among baskets and war-trumpet sounded. Man snatches arms. Greek: * Frazer Apollodorus II 74 n. 1.

H1581. H1581. Test of heirship. German: Grimm Nos. 63, 106, 124, 151, 152, 179.

H1582. H1582. Health test. Penzer III 272 n. 1.

H1582.1. H1582.1. Recognition of good health by hearing voice. Chauvin V 45 No. 18.

H1582.2. H1582.2. Recognition of good health by smoke rising from chimney. Irish myth: Cross.

H1583. H1583. Tests of time.

H1583.1. H1583.1. Time measured by worn iron shoes. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H1583.2. H1583.2. Time measured by fit of ring. Irish myth: Cross.

H1584. H1584. Tests of space. Irish myth: Cross.

H1584.1. H1584.1. Land measured according to amount within person’s view. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1584.2. H1584.2. Land measured according to amount encompassed during certain hours. Irish myth: Cross.

H1585. H1585. Test of cleanliness by being shaken to see if lice fall off. Chinese: Graham.

H1588. H1588. Contest of dogs. Two opponents test their powers by having their dogs fight. N. A. Indian: *Kroeber JAFL XXI 224.

H1588.1. H1588.1. Litter of puppies tested by throwing them one by one at hanging hide of wild beast, and keeping the one that grips hide. Puppy grows up to be great hunting dog. Irish myth: Cross.

H1588.2. H1588.2. Man and king compete by letting their domestic animals fight. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1591. H1591. Shooting contest. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 74.

H1591.1. H1591.1. Contest: spear-casting. India: Thompson-Balys.

H1592. H1592. Hunting contest. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1593. H1593. Goaling match between fairies and mortals as test of supremacy. Irish myth: Cross.

H1594. H1594. Foot-racing contest. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

H1594.0.1. H1594.0.1. Death as penalty for losing foot-race. Irish myth: Cross.

H1594.1. H1594.1. Foot-race between fairy and mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

H1594.2. H1594.2. Foot-race between giant and mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

H1595. H1595. Test of memory.

H1595.1. H1595.1. Test of memory: Solomon asks Marchus question, receives answer; fourteen months later he asks second question based on first, again receives correct answer; four months later asks third question based on first two, again receives correct answer. Nouvelles de Sens. No. 31.

H1596. H1596. Beauty contest. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

H1596.0.1. H1596.0.1. Test for attractiveness to men. Irish myth: Cross.

H1596.1. H1596.1. Golden apple as prize in beauty contest. Judgment of Paris. Scala Celi 22b, 27a Nos. 146, 175; Greek: Fox 124.

H1596.2. H1596.2. Strangers umpire beauty contest. Africa (Madagascar): Sibree Madagascar before the Conquest (London, 1896) 239ff.

H1596.3. H1596.3. Women to appear naked in beauty contest. Jewish: Neuman.

H1598. H1598. Contest between man and other being.

H1598.1. H1598.1. Contest between man and angel. Jewish: *Neuman.

F420. Vol. 3 Fn. 1 p. 88

1 For help in the preparation of this item I am indebted to Miss Josephine Martin of Chicago.

F451. Vol. 3 Fn. 1 p. 103

1 For help in the preparation of this item I am indebted to Mr. Alfred Thomas of Chicago. For full titles of references see F420.

F531. Vol. 3 Fn. 1 p. 141

1 This treatment of giants is largely based on a doctoral dissertation (University of Chicago, 1930). The Giant in Germanic Tradition“ by John R. Broderius. (University of Chicago, 1930; lithoprinted 1933.) For full titles of references. See F420.

G211.7.1. Vol. 3 Fn. 1 p. 288

1 In folk thought, a fish.

G303. Vol. 3 Fn. 1 p. 312

1 For help in the preparation of this item I am indebted to Mrs. Anna Dale Kek of Indianapolis.

Volume 4: J-K

Motif: Title-Page Vol. 4

MOTIF-INDEX

OF

FOLK-LITERATURE

A Classification of Narrative Elements in

Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances,

Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and

Local Legends

REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION BY

STITH THOMPSON

Indiana University

VOLUME FOUR

J-K

INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS

BLOOMINGTON & INDIANAPOLIS

Motif: Copyright page Vol. 4

Indiana University Press gratefully acknowledges

the support of the L.J. and Mary C. Skaggs Foundation

in the republication of the six volumes of the

Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording, or by any

information storage and retrieval system, without

permission in writing from the publisher.

Manufactured in the United States of America

ISBN 0-253-33884-0

5 89

complete set ISBN 0-253-33887-5

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Wise and Foolish

J. THE WISE AND THE FOOLISH

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

J0--J199. Acquisition and possession of wisdom (knowledge)

J10. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from experience

J30. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from inference

J50. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from observation

J80. Wisdom (knowledge) taught by parable

J100. Wisdom (knowledge) taught by necessity

J120. Wisdom learned from children

J130. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from animals

J140. Wisdom (knowledge) through education

J150. Other means of acquiring wisdom (knowledge)

J180. Possession of wisdom

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: (Un)wise Conduct

J200--J1099. WISE AND UNWISE CONDUCT

J200--J499. Choices

J200. Choices

J210. Choice between evils

J230--J299. Real and apparent values

J230. Choice: real and apparent values

J240. Choice between useful and ornamental

J260. Choice between worth and appearance

J280. Quality preferred to quantity

J300--J329. Present values chosen

J310. The present preferred to the past

J320. Present values preferred to future

J330--J399. Gains and losses

J340. Choices: little gain, big loss

J350. Choices: small inconvenience, large gain

J370. Choices: important and unimportant work

J390. Choices: kind strangers, unkind relatives

J400--J459. Choice of associates

J400. Choice of associates

J410. Association of equals and of unequals

J420. Association of strong and weak

J440. Association of young and old

J450. Association of the good and the evil

J460. Unnecessary choices

J480. Other choices

J500--J599. Prudence and discretion

J510. Prudence in ambition

J530. Prudence in demands

J550. Zeal--temperate and intemperate

J570. Wisdom of deliberation

J580. Wisdom of caution

J600--J799. Forethought

J610--J679. Forethought in conflicts with others

J620. Forethought in prevention of others’ plans

J640. Avoidance of others‘ power

J670. Forethought in defences against others

J680. Forethought in alliances

J700--J749. Forethought in provision for life

J700. Forethought in provision for life (general)

J710. Forethought in provision for food

J730. Forethought in provision for clothing

J740. Forethought in provision for shelter

J750--J799. Forethought--miscellaneous

J800--J849. Adaptability

J810. Policy in dealing with the great

J830. Adaptability to overpowering force

J850--J899. Consolation in misfortune

J860. Consolation by a trifle

J870. Consolation by pretending that one does not want the thing he cannot have

J880. Consolation by thought of others worse placed

J890. Consolation in misfortune--miscellaneous

J900--J999. Humility

J910. Humility of the great

J950. Presumption of the lowly

J1000--J1099. Other aspects of wisdom

J1010. Value of industry

J1020. Strength in unity

J1030. Self-dependence

J1040. Decisiveness of conduct

J1050. Attention to warnings

J1060. Miscellaneous aspects of wisdom

J1100--J1699. CLEVERNESS

J1100--J1249. Clever persons and acts

J1110. Clever persons

J1130--J1199. Cleverness in the law court

J1130. Cleverness in law court--general

J1140. Cleverness in detection of truth

J1150. Cleverness connected with the giving of evidence

J1160. Clever pleading

J1170. Clever judicial decisions

J1180. Clever means of avoiding legal punishment

J1190. Cleverness in the law court--miscellaneous

J1210--J1229. Clever man puts another out of countenance

J1230--J1249. Clever dividing

J1250--J1499. Clever verbal retorts (repartee)

J1250. Clever verbal retorts--general

J1260. Repartee based on church or clergy

J1270. Repartee concerning the parentage of children

J1280. Repartee with ruler (judge, etc.)

J1290. Reductio ad absurdum of question or proposal

J1300. Officiousness or foolish questions rebuked

J1310. Repartee concerning wine

J1320. Repartee concerning drunkenness

J1330. Repartee concerning beggars

J1340. Retorts from hungry persons

J1350. Rude retorts

J1370. Cynical retorts concerning honesty

J1380. Retorts concerning debts

J1390. Retorts concerning thefts

J1400. Repartee concerning false reform

J1410. Repartee concerning fatness

J1420. Animals retort concerning their dangers

J1430. Repartee concerning doctors and patients

J1440. Repartee--miscellaneous

J1500--J1649. Clever practical retorts

J1500. Clever practical retort

J1510. The cheater cheated

J1530. One absurdity rebukes another

J1540. Retorts between husband and wife

J1550. Practical retorts: borrowers and lenders

J1560. Practical retorts: hosts and guests

J1580. Practical retorts connected with almsgiving

J1600. Practical retorts--miscellaneous

J1650--J1699. Miscellaneous clever acts

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Fools

J1700--J2749. FOOLS (AND OTHER UNWISE PERSONS)

J1700--J1729. Fools.

J1710--J1729. Association with fools

J1730--J1749. Absurd ignorance

J1750--J1849. Absurd misunderstandings

J1750--J1809. One thing mistaken for another

J1750. One animal mistaken for another

J1760. Animal or person mistaken for something else

J1770. Objects with mistaken identity

J1780. Things thought to be devils, ghosts, etc.

J1790. Shadow mistaken for substance

J1800. One thing mistaken for another--miscellaneous

J1810. Physical phenomena misunderstood

J1820. Inappropriate action from misunderstanding

J1850--J1999. Absurd disregard of facts

J1850--J1899. Animals or objects treated as if human

J1850. Gift or sale to animal (or object)

J1860. Animal or object absurdly punished

J1870. Absurd sympathy for animals or objects

J1880. Animals or objects treated as if human--miscellaneous

J1900. Absurd disregard or ignorance of animal’s nature or habits

J1910. Fatal disregard of anatomy

J1920. Absurd searches for the lost

J1930. Absurd disregard of natural laws

J1960. Other absurd disregard of facts

J2000--J2050. Absurd absent-mindedness

J2010. Uncertainty about own identity

J2020. Inability to find own members, etc.

J2030. Absurd inability to count

J2040. Absurd absent-mindedness--miscellaneous

J2050--J2199. Absurd short-sightedness

J2050. Absurd short-sightedness

J2060. Absurd plans: air castles

J2070. Absurd wishes

J2080. Foolish bargains

J2100. Remedies worse than the disease

J2120. Disregard of danger to objects (or animals)

J2130. Foolish disregard of personal danger

J2160. Other short-sighted acts

J2200--J2259. Absurd lack of logic

J2200. Absurd lack of logic--general

J2210. Logical absurdity based upon certain false assumptions

J2220. Other logical absurdities

J2260--J2299. Absurd scientific theories

J2260. Absurd scientific theories--general

J2270. Absurd astronomical theories

J2280. Other absurd scientific theories

J2300--J2349. Gullible fools

J2310. Nature of gullibility

J2350--J2369. Talkative fools

J2370--J2399. Inquisitive fools

J2400--J2449. Foolish imitation

J2410. Types of foolish imitation

J2420. Foolish imitation--miscellaneous

J2450--J2499. Literal fools

J2450. Literal fool

J2460. Literal obedience

J2470. Metaphors literally interpreted

J2490. Literal fool--miscellaneous

J2500--J2549. Foolish extremes

J2550--J2599. Thankful fools

J2600--J2649. Cowardly fools

J2650--J2699. Bungling fools

J2700--J2749. The easy problem made hard

J2750--J2799. Other aspects of wisdom or foolishness

J.

J. THE WISE AND THE FOOLISH

J0-J199.

J0-J199. Acquisition and possession of wisdom (knowledge).

J0. J0. Acquisition and possession of wisdom. Jewish: *Neuman.

J10. J10. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from experience.

J11. J11. Shipwrecked shepherd distrusts the sea. He had formerly envied sailors. Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 407), 110 (ST 219); Halm Aesop No. 370.

J11.1. J11.1. Man bitten by snake fears snake-like rope. Jewish: Neuman.

J12. J12. Young ass avoids food eaten by animals before being slaughtered. Runs to his mother and asks to have all remains of the hog‘s food taken out. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 374), 110 (ST 221); Chauvin III 51 No. 7.

J13. J13. Young sparrows have learned to avoid men. Sparrow quizzes his four young as to how to avoid danger from men. Their year of experience has taught them enough. BP III 239 (Gr. No. 157); Hervieux Fabulistes latins II 546 No. 70.

J14. J14. Old racehorse in mill laments vanity of youth. Wienert FFC LVI *72 (ET 365), 140 (ST 466); Babrius No. 29; Halm Aesop No. 174.

J15. J15. Serpent (bird) having injured man refuses reconciliation. He knows that neither can forget their injuries. Chauvin II 94 No. 43, 102 No. 62; Bшdker Exempler 291 No. 47, 301 No. 67; Wienert FFC LVI *69 (ET 331), *127 (ST 352); Babrius No. 167; Jacobs Aesop 201 No. 6; Halm Aesop Nos. 96, 251, 350; cf. BP II 459; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J16. J16. Dove disregards experience and loses brood. Rebuilds her nest in the place where she has lost former brood. Chauvin II 83 No. 6; Bшdker Exempler 274 No. 7, 306 No. 82; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J17. J17. Animal learns through experience to fear men. In spite of the warning of another animal he approaches man and is shot. *Type 157; BP II 96; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 47 No. 23; American Negro: Harris Nights 33 No. 7, 330 No. 57; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 262 No. 62.

J17.1. J17.1. Tiger, jackal, and bear each learn to fear man. They report him as head-thumper (he has beaten the tiger), turn-twister (he has swung jackal by tail), and top-tumbler (he has fallen out of tree on bear). India: *Thompson-Balys.

J18. J18. Wisdom acquired from beating. Incognito prince, beaten for his courtesy, realizes his folly and returns home. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21. J21. Counsels proved wise by experience. *Types 910A, 910B, 910C, 910D; *Cosquin Йtudes 85ff., 100ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J154. J154. Wise words of dying father. Counsel proved wise by experience.

J21.1. J21.1. ”Consider the end“: counsel proved wise by experience. Barber hired to cut king’s throat sees on the bottom of the basin the words ”Whatever you do, do wisely and think of the consequences.“ He drops the razor and confesses. *Type 910C; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 20 No. 69; Alphabet No. 156; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 172, 283; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.2. J21.2. ”Do not act when angry“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man returns home and sees someone sleeping with his wife. Though he thinks it is a paramour, he restrains himself and finds that it is a newborn son. *Type 910B; Chauvin II 157; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys. Cf. Wienert FFC LVI 37; Phaedrus III No. 10.

J21.2.1. J21.2.1. ”Never attack anyone before unsheathing and returning sword three times“: counsel proved wise by experience. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.2.2. J21.2.2. Sleep before committing suicide. After sleeping you will feel differently about suicide. Spanish: Childers.

J21.2.3. J21.2.3. ”Do not draw your sword against the innocent“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.2.4. J21.2.4. ”Do not uncover weapon in an assembly“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.2.5. J21.2.5. ”Do not shed the blood of women“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.2.6. J21.2.6. ”Control your anger at the beginning“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.3. J21.3. ”Do not go where an old man has a young wife“: counsel proved wise by experience. Discovers a murder in an inn. *Type 910B; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 115; Irish myth: *Cross.

J21.4. J21.4. ”Do not marry a girl from abroad“: counsel proved wise by experience. *Type 910A; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 115; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 52; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J21.5. J21.5. ”Do not leave the highway“: counsel proved wise by experience. Robbers encountered. *Type 910B; Scala Celi No. 788; Herbert III 99; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J21.5.1. J21.5.1. ”Do not prefer a new road to an old one.“ Those who take the new one are killed by robbers. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.5.2. J21.5.2. ”Take side road rather than main one where three roads meet“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.5.3. J21.5.3. ”A way short yet long“: counsel proved wise by experience. (Cf. J266.) Jewish: Neuman.

J21.6. J21.6. ”Do not ask questions about extraordinary things“: counsel proved wise by experience. Those who ask question killed. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 169ff. (Gonzenbach No. 81); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J21.7. J21.7. ”Do not cross a bridge without dismounting from your horse“; counsel proved wise by experience. Man breaks leg. Type 910B; Wesselski Mдrchen 219 No. 32.

J21.8. J21.8. ”Never wager more than a groat“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man loses wife on wager. Wesselski Mдrchen 219 No. 32.

J21.8.1. J21.8.1. ”Do not bet“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.9. J21.9. ”Do not visit your friends often“: counsel proved wise by experience. At last the man is treated shamefully. *Type 910A; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 115.

J21.9.1. J21.9.1. ”Do not prolong a friendly visit.“ Guest stays so long that host gives him black bread instead of white. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 52; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J21.10. J21.10. ”Do not lend out your horse“: counsel proved wise by experience. Type 910A; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 115.

J21.11. J21.11. ”Do not walk half a mile with a man without asking his name“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man runs race unwittingly with his wife’s paramour and loses his wife on the wager. (Cf. J21.8.) *Type 910B; Wesselski Mдrchen 219 No. 32.

J21.12. J21.12. ”Rue not a thing that is past“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man lets bird go and then, having listened to bird‘s false declaration that she had a precious gem in her body, he tries to climb a tree after her and falls. *BP IV 149 n. 2; Gaster Exempla 256 No. 390; *Paris Lйgendes du moyen вge 225ff.; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 24; Alphabet No. 191; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 167.

J21.13. J21.13. ”Never believe what is beyond belief“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man believes when bird tells him that she has a precious gem in her body. (Cf. J21.12, K604.) *BP IV 149 n. 2; Alphabet No. 191; Gaster Exempla 256 No. 390; Paris Lйgendes du moyen вge 225ff.; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 167; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J21.14. J21.14. ”Never try to reach the unattainable“: counsel proved wise by experience. (Cf. K604.) *BP IV 149 n. 2; Alphabet No. 191; Gaster Exempla 256 No. 390; *G. Paris Lйgendes du moyen вge 225ff.

J21.15. J21.15. ”If you wish to hang yourself, do so by the stone which I point out“: counsel proved wise by experience. Father has left money which will fall out when the spendthrift son goes to hang himself in despair. ”The Heir of Linne.“ *Type 910D; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 709; Chauvin V 133 No. 63, *VIII 94 No. 65; Child V 12f.; Clouston Tales II 53; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 2, Rotunda; Japanese: Ikeda.

J21.16. J21.16. ”Go to Goosebridge“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man with disobedient wife finds mules beaten there and made to cross bridge. Boccaccio Decameron IX No. 9 (*Lee 289); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J21.17. J21.17. ”Stay at church till mass is finished“: counsel proved wise by experience. Delay saves youth from death. *Cosquin Йtudes 73ff.; Irish: Beal XXI 314, O’Suilleabhain 38; Icelandic: Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

J21.18. J21.18. ”Do not trust the over-holy“: counsel proved wise by experience. Wife so modest she will not travel with husband (adulteress); priest so pious he will not tread on worm (thief). Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 22, 275, Neuman.

J21.19. J21.19. ”Start your journey early in the day“: counsel proved wise by experience. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 100, 304, Neuman.

J21.20. J21.20. ”Prepare for night camp while it is still day“: counsel proved wise by experience. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 100, 304, Neuman.

J21.21. J21.21. ”Do not cross a swollen stream until it has run down“: counsel proved wise by experience. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 100, 304, Neuman.

J21.22. J21.22. ”Do not tell a secret to a woman“: counsel proved wise by experience. Nouvelles de Sens No. 7; Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *911; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 100, 304, *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.23. J21.23. ”Rise earlier“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man seeking explanation for being in debt arises earlier and catches his servants stealing. (Cf. H588.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.24. J21.24. ”Do not make a horse run down hill“: counsel proved wise by experience. Horse breaks its neck. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 52; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J21.25. J21.25. ”Do not keep bad company“: counsel proved wise by experience. Breaking of father’s first counsel causes the breaking of all the others. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.26. J21.26. ”Don‘t be too greedy in making a trade“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man refuses fifty ducats for horse. Horse suddenly dies. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.27. J21.27. ”Do not adopt a child“: counsel proved wise by experience. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *911; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.28. J21.28. ”Do not trust a ruler who rules by reason alone“: counsel proved wise by experience. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *911; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.29. J21.29. ”Keep head dry, feet warm, and eat meat“: counsel proved wise by experience. King recovers from illness. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.30. J21.30. ”Never have to do with a woman unless wed to her“: counsel proved wise by experience. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.31. J21.31. ”Do not marry a woman before seeing her and finding her to be your equal“: counsel proved wise by experience. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J21.32. J21.32. ”Do not marry more than one woman“. Man who wanted three, marries one and is weakened greatly. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J21.33. J21.33. ”Bathe by yourself and not in the common bathing place“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man forgets purse in bath house. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.34. J21.34. ”Move stool before sitting on it“: counsel proved wise by experience. Man thus saves self from falling into well. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.34.1. J21.34.1. ”When in a strange place look about you“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.34.2. J21.34.2. ”Do not sit on a bed without touching it first“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.35. J21.35. ”Ruler should follow advice of majority“ (not his own fancy): counsel proved wise by experience. Thus finds money on body of dead traveler. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.35.1. J21.35.1. ”Neglect not what four or five people say“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.36. J21.36. ”Do not go alone on journey“: counsel proved wise by experience. Helpful crab saves from attack by crocodile. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.37. J21.37. ”Do not take a woman’s advice“: counsel proved wise by experience. (Cf. J21.22.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.38. J21.38. ”May God spare you from an evil man or evil woman.“ To teach a friend the wisdom of this greeting a man borrows money and then his creditor‘s coat from him. In court the lender is discredited. Spanish: Childers.

J21.39. J21.39. ”Do not travel without money“: counsel proved wise by experience. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.40. J21.40. Don’t require honor from a strange country”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.41. J21.41. “Be cautious before allowing yourself to fall asleep in a strange place”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.41.1. J21.41.1. “Sleep not in an inn”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.41.2. J21.41.2. “A stranger does not close his eyes in sleep lest he close them in death”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.41.3. J21.41.3. “He who lies awake gains; he who sleeps loses”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.42. J21.42. “Before eating food at a strange place throw some at an animal and watch”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.43. J21.43. “A country not examined in disguise will always be ruined”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.44. J21.44. “Lean upon no relation in the hour of distress”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.45. J21.45. “Do not undertake to be an arbitrator without being asked”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.46. J21.46. “Do not make friends with a policeman (soldier)”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.47. J21.47. “You can only call your wife your own so long as she is with you”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.47.1. J21.47.1. “Do not send your wife for a long visit to her parents”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J21.48. J21.48. “Don‘t do anything without investigation”: counsel proved wise by experience. A purse full of money was found in dead man’s pocket by gravedigger. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.49. J21.49. “Never give a cup made of a single ruby as a present to the king”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.50. J21.50. “Idleness begets woe; work brings happiness”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.51. J21.51. “Do not stand and watch two people fighting”: counsel proved wise by experience. Man does so and is called by both parties to depose in favor of both or he will be beheaded. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52. J21.52. Counsels proved wise by experience--miscellaneous.

J21.52.1. J21.52.1. Disciple who stays in a city where everything is sold at one price finds justice is not even there. (Cf. F769.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.2. J21.52.2. “Never be rude to a self-made man of low birth”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.3. J21.52.3. “Hardened clay is hard to mold”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.4. J21.52.4. “Never publish a man‘s sin if you can help it”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.5. J21.52.5. “Never dismiss and old servant for his first fault”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.6. J21.52.6. “When a man attacks you, kill him whether he be king or prince”: counsel proved wise by experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.7. J21.52.7. Boy who says “I know” gets into all sort of difficulties; now says “I don’t know.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.8. J21.52.8. “Nothing happens that does not work for one‘s good”: counsel proved wise is experience. India: Thompson-Balys.

J21.52.9. J21.52.9. “He who throws himself against a wave is overthrown by it”: proved true. Jewish: *Neuman.

J22. J22. Precepts of the lion to his sons. Only the younger keeps them and is successful. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 20.

J22.1. J22.1. Precept of the lion to his sons: beware of man. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 20; India: Thompson-Balys.

J22.2. J22.2. Precept of the lion to his sons: honor the woods. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 20.

J22.3. J22.3. Precept of the lion to his sons: keep peace with the neighbors. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 20.

J23. J23. Merchants try honesty for a year and find that it pays. So advised by priest when they said that they could not do business without dishonesty. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 394; Irish: Beal XXI 307, O’Suilleabhain 25.

J24. J24. Fools learn to be peaceable. Two fools in the habit of striking people are brought together when they strike each other until they appreciate the value of peace. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 38.

J25. J25. Why great man plays with children. This is to be learned only when one has children himself. Anecdote of Agesilaus. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 738.

J26. J26. Enemies can be won more by kindness than cruelty. Romans learn this by experience. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J27. J27. Man learns the fear of Death by meeting Life. Life (old woman) beheads him and replaces his head backwards. Simpleton left in fear for hours before head is readjusted. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J30. J30. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from inference.

J31. J31. Encounter with clever children (woman) dissuades man from visit. On way to a city meets children and they are so clever that he turns back home, fearing how clever their parents must be. *Wesselski Gonnella 118 No. 15, *Hodscha Nasreddin II 227 No. 481; Japanese: Ikeda.

J31.1. J31.1. Cleverness of men disguised as peasants dissuades rivals from dispute. Wise men of two rival cities engage in dispute. One delegation disguises as peasants and debates with their adversaries. Latter withdraw fearing how clever the educated must be if their peasants are so learned. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J32. J32. Arrow as man‘s message shows lion how terrible man himself must be. Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 316), 122 (ST 312); Babrius No. 1; Halm Aesop No. 403; BP II 99.

J33. J33. Blind man who feels young wolf recognises his savage nature. Wienert FFC LVI 69 (ET 329), 122 (ST 314); Halm Aesop 57.

J34. J34. Odor of the wine cask. How fine wine must been been to leave so good an odor. Wienert FFC LVI 76 (ET 416), 122 (ST 313); Phaedrus III No. 1; Jacobs Aesop 220 No. 81.

J50. J50. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from observation.

J51. J51. Sight of deformed witches causes man to release wife from spinning duty. They tell him that their deformity has come from too much spinning. *Type 501; *BP I 109ff. (Gr. No. 14); **Von Sydow Tvе Spinnsagor.

J52. J52. King observes retaliation among animals: becomes just. Dog breaks fox’s foot; man breaks dog‘s; horse breaks man’s leg; horse steps in hole and breaks his. Chauvin II, 116 No. 93.

J52.1. J52.1. Understanding of universality of death from watching animals prey on one another. India: Thompson-Balys.

J52.2. J52.2. King descends to bottom of sea in glass barrel to learn wisdom from observing fish. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J53. J53. Army saved from ambush by observation of birds‘ movements. Birds fly from part of woods in which ambushed men lie. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 541; Japanese: Ikeda.

J55. J55. Ruler learns lesson from the example of an exiled king. Rewards the exile rather than a successful merchant. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J56. J56. Unscrupulous conduct of business learned from observation of usurer’s own practices and used against him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J56.1. J56.1. Ruler learns lesson from seeing city governed by king as uncharitable as he. India: Thompson-Balys.

J61. J61. Hare instructs his sons to use their eyes to advantage. Type 72*.

J62. J62. Observation of dying people for a year takes man‘s thoughts from lust. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 265.

J64. J64. Ducklings take to water from instinct. Bridegroom thus brought to understand bride’s expertness in lovemaking. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J65. J65. Birds having learned their possible dangers are forced from nest by mother. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 87.

J67. J67. Drops of water make hollow in stone: thus repeated impressions penetrate mind. Jewish: Neuman.

J67.1. J67.1. Lazy pupil determines to be more diligent by watching man building home one wattle at a time, and seeing how water fills hole one drop at a time. Irish myth: Cross.

J80. J80. Wisdom (knowledge) taught by parable. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Bшdker Exempler 272 No. 1; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J80.1. J80.1. Three thousand parables of Solomon. Jewish: *Neuman.

J80.1.1. J80.1.1. Solomon proves to his mother the inferiority of woman’s wisdom. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *920B.

J80.2. J80.2. Minister taught by parable to make obeisance to the new king. India: Thompson-Balys.

J81. J81. The dishes of the same flavor. Man thus shown that one woman is like another and dissuaded from his amorous purpose. *Basset 1001 Contes II 25; *Wesselski Mдrchen 209; Boccaccio Decameron I No. 5 (Lee 17), Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *981; Russian: Andrejev No. *981 (II); Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J81.0.1. J81.0.1. Monotony of restriction to one‘s favorite food. Counselor refuses to arrange extramarital pleasures for his lord. Ruler feeds him only his favorite food until the counselor protests the monotony. Ruler drives home his point. Italian Novella: Rotunda, Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 10.

J81.1. J81.1. Society is like a dish: must be properly mixed. Plates having salt, pepper, fish, etc. not edible without mixing. India: Thompson-Balys.

J81.2. J81.2. To each his appropriate food. Woman gives morsel of various foods to each guest, with explanation. India: Thompson-Balys.

J81.3. J81.3. Parable comparing canons to a stew made of their individual meals. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 3.

J82. J82. Priest walks in the mud. Congregation follows evil ways of priest. He walks in mud but they will not follow him. He thus shows them the folly of following his evil ways. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 68.

J83. J83. The gray and the black hairs: enemies reconciled. Duke summons two inveterate enemies. Has them tear out one of his hairs, one a gray, the other a black. Both pain him equally. He shows how their quarrels hurt him. They are reconciled. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 401.

J84. J84. Picking up water thrown on ground no harder than the undoing of slander. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 98 No. 836G*.

J85. J85. Chair over fiery pit as figure of precariousness of life. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 94 No. 78; Alphabet No. 685.

J86. J86. Rocks falling together and thread entering needle’s eye suggest sexual intercourse: hence its beginning. Chinese: Graham.

J87. J87. Men shamed for their cowardice by woman standing naked before them. (Usually connected with Jus Primae Noctis [T161]). Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 83f.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2429.

J88. J88. Wisdom taught by parable: cloud which gives rain to thirsting crops or drops it in ocean. India: Thompson-Balys.

J91. J91. Monk shames accuser by telling parable. Wind, Water, and Modesty (Sense of Shame). The first two give their addresses but the third says she has no address as no one wants her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J92. J92. Boy saves life by showing father foolishness of plowing up his crop. Father has been persuaded to kill child. India: Thompson-Balys.

J94. J94. Difficulty of thinking of God when occupied with worldly affairs. Shown by test: holy man made to carry milk without spilling. So occupied he forgets to think of God. India: Thompson-Balys.

J95. J95. Fool digs holes in edge of road. Only those departing from straight path will fall in. Truth of principle later seen. India: Thompson-Balys.

J96. J96. Man kills nest of ants: so God punishes man. (Cf. J225.0.4.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J97. J97. Lotus flower flourishes as long as it is in water: king should not leave castle. India: Thompson-Balys.

J98. J98. Stones shaken in jar: difficulty in learning many dialects. India: Thompson-Balys.

J99. J99. Wisdom (knowledge) taught by parable.

J99.1. J99.1. Relative pleasures of sexes in love taught by parable. India: Thompson-Balys.

J99.2. J99.2. Father bequeathes four pots to sons: eldest finds earth in his; second, bones; third, rice husks; youngest, rupees (eldest to get land; second, cattle; third, grain; youngest to keep money). India: Thompson-Balys.

J100. J100. Wisdom (knowledge) taught by necessity.

J101. J101. Crow drops pebbles into water jug so as to be able to drink. Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 272), 106 (ST 186, 246); Jacobs Aesop 213 No. 55.

J102. J102. Bear learns how to catch crabs with his hairy claws. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 263), 106 (ST 185).

J120. J120. Wisdom learned from children. *Chauvin VIII 62 No. 27; Penzer I 186.

J121. J121. Ungrateful son reproved by naпve action of his own son: preparing for old age. Man gives his old father half a carpet to keep him warm. Child keeps the other half and tells his father that he is keeping it for him when he grows old. *Bйdier Fabliaux 463f.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 436, 760; Crane Vitry 260 No. 288; Herbert III 25; *BP II 135, IV 172 n. 14; Scala Celi No. 530; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 41.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *996; Russian: Andrejev No. *982; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 256f. No. 201; Japanese: Ikeda.

J121.1. J121.1. Ungrateful son reproved by naпve action of his own son: preparing for old age (wooden drinking cup or bowl). Spanish: Childers; India: Thompson-Balys.

J121.2. J121.2. Undutiful son rebuked by father. Father tells son not to drag him past the threshold, because he had dragged his own father only up to that point when he had thought of putting him out of his house. Spanish: Childers.

J122. J122. Naпve remark of child: “You forgot to strike mother.” A father in habit of beating his wife remarks that he has forgot something. The child says, “I know. You forgot to strike mother.” Wesselski Mцnchslatein 170 No. 133.

J122.1. J122.1. Seducer about to seduce mother of child refrains when child wisely remarks that he is sad because his father has left his mother exposed to such dangers. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J123. J123. Wisdom of child decides lawsuit. King in disguise sees child’s game which represents the case. *Wesselski “Der Knabenkцnig und das kluge Mдdchen” (Sudetendeutsche Zs. f. Vksk. [1930] Beiheft 1) passim; *Chauvin V 86 No. 26 n. 1; DeVries FFC LXXIII 323ff.; Scala Celi No. 895; Japanese: Ikeda.

J123.1. J123.1. Clever prince overrules seemingly just decisions of king. Jewish: Neuman.

J124. J124. Learning the virtue of patience from children. When their meals are stolen, they quietly search for them. India: Thompson-Balys.

J125. J125. Parents‘s misdeeds innocently betrayed by children. Italian Novella: Rotunda; West Indies: Flowers 474.

J125.1. J125.1. The wine needs no further water. Guests asks small daughter of innkeeper for water to put into his wine. She says, “You will not have to do that for mother poured a whole tubful into the cask today.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 374.

J125.2. J125.2. Adulteress betrayed by little child‘s remark. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J125.2.1. J125.2.1. Child unwittingly betrays his mother‘s adultery. Tells father not to step across chalk line drawn around secretary; if he does secretary may do to him what he did to Mother the other day. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 23.

J130. J130. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from animals.

J132. J132. Mouse teaches her child to fear quiet cats but not noisy cocks. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 530.

J133. J133. Animal gives wise example to man. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J133.1. J133.1. One wild goat steps over another. They thus pass each other uninjured on a cliff. This shows advantage of peaceableness. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 403.

J133.2. J133.2. Ass refuses to drink after it has had enough. Thus teaches lesson to master. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 239.

J133.3. J133.3. Trained deer drinks wine till he breaks his leg but thereafter abstains. Thus teaches lesson to master. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 240.

J133.4. J133.4. Woman will not follow donkey on safe path: attacked by robbers. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 630.

J133.5. J133.5. Squirrel tries to dip out lake with his tail: difficulty of reforming the world. India: Thompson-Balys.

J133.6. J133.6. Big fish eat little: robber will plunder weak neighbors. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 12.

J134. J134. Animal behavior teaches man what to avoid.

J134.1. J134.1. Cock’s second mate lets her stepchildren starve: woman warns husband accordingly. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J135. J135. Departing animal gives man counsels. India: Thompson-Balys.

J136. J136. Crow inspects the three worlds in search of happiness. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J137. J137. Wisdom learned from example of insects. India: Thompson-Balys.

J140. J140. Wisdom (knowledge) through education.

J141. J141. Youth educated by seven sages. **Campbell Sages.

J142. J142. Lack of proper education regretted.

J142.1. J142.1. House dog blames master for teaching him lazy habits. Wienert FFC LVI 60 (ET 229), 145 (ST 502); Halm Aesop No. 217.

J142.2. J142.2. Man blames master for not correcting him in youth. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 315.

J143. J143. Untrained colt result of master’s neglect. Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 361), 129 (ST 371); Halm Aesop No. 51.

J144. J144. Well-trained kid does not open to wolf. *Type 123; Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 262), 145 (ST 506, 535); *BP I 37; Dh IV 277f.

J145. J145. Hostile dogs made friendly by having them fight common enemy, the wolf. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 400; Jewish: Neuman.

J146. J146. Educated men as choice company.

J146.1. J146.1. King prefers educated men as company. Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 95, 98, 106.

J147. J147. Child confined to keep him in ignorance of life. Useless. *Chauvin III 97 No. 1; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J150. J150. Other means of acquiring wisdom (knowledge).

J151. J151. Wisdom from old person. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

J151.1. J151.1. Wisdom of hidden old man saves kingdom. In famine all old men are ordered killed. One man hides his father. When all goes wrong in the hands of the young rulers, the old man comes forth, performs assigned tasks, and aids with his wisdom. Type 981*; *Anderson FFC XLII 182 n. 1; *DeVries FFC LXXIII 220ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 446, cf. No. 538; Fb “gammel” IV 174a; Scala Celi No. 281; *Paudler FFC CXXI.--Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *995; Russian: Andrejev No. 981*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 995*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 910F*; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 115ff. No. 71.

J151.2. J151.2. Old men preferred as councillors. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 538.

J151.3. J151.3. Wisdom from god as old (one-eyed) man. Icelandic: Olrik Sakses Oldhistorie I (1892) 30, *Boberg.

J151.4. J151.4. Wisdom from old man: always say, “if it pleases God.” Spanish: Childers.

J152. J152. Wisdom (knowledge) from sage (teacher). Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

J152.1. J152.1. Cynical philosopher lives in tub. Chauvin IX 35 No. 27; Scala Celi No. 103; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J152.2. J152.2. Advice from dervish. Malone PMLA XLIII 400.

J152.3. J152.3. Philosopher instructs youth regarding conduct. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J152.4. J152.4. Philosopher consoles woman for loss of son. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J152.5. J152.5. Wisdom from philosopher: give separate greetings to infants, youths, and old people. Spanish: Childers.

J152.6. J152.6. Wisdom from philosopher: worldly honor like shadow. If one goes toward it, it flees; if one turns his back on it, it follows and at times catches up with one. Spanish: Childers.

J153. J153. Wisdom from holy man. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J153.1. J153.1. Holy man’s prayer reforms rich man. Holy man prays, “May God bless everything here that is good but cause to disappear all that is bad.” Everything disappears. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 199; India: Thompson-Balys.

J153.2. J153.2. Hermit explains why anger is sin. Nouvelles de Sens No. 20.

J154. J154. Wise words of dying father. Counsel proved wise by experience. *Cosquin Йtudes 85ff.; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 52; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 11, Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *911; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: DeVries‘s list No. 230.

J154.0.1. J154.0.1. Wise words of father. Irish myth: Cross.

J154.1. J154.1. Dying saint leaves wise message to followers. Message is cryptic, but is finally made clear. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J155. J155. Wisdom (knowledge) from women. Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J155.1. J155.1. Hero directed on journey by princess. Malone PMLA XLIII 401. Icelandic: *Boberg.

J155.1.1. J155.1.1. Serpent directed on journey by his beautiful wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

J155.2. J155.2. King has amours with great men’s wives so as to learn secrets from them. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 505.

J155.3. J155.3. Caesar‘s scorn of his wife’s advice leads to disaster. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 445.

J155.4. J155.4. Wife as adviser. (Cf. J21.37.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J155.5. J155.5. Wife of usurer saves husband through her prayers. Nouvelles de Sens No. 26.

J155.6. J155.6. Wise words of dying woman (queen). (Cf. J154.) Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 33 (31); Юiрriks saga II 254--56, Boberg.

J155.7. J155.7. Knowledge from mysterious women met in the forest. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 218ff.; *Boberg.

J155.8. J155.8. Wisdom from harlot to a king. India: Thompson-Balys.

J156. J156. Wisdom from fools. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 610; Irish myth: Cross.

J156.1. J156.1. Wisdom from fool: make peace before rather than after the war. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 39.

J156.2. J156.2. Wisdom from fool: absurdity of tight-rope walker‘s performance. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 40.

J156.3. J156.3. Wisdom from fool: the present returned. Nobleman gives fool a present; he is to give it to no one who is not a greater fool. Master is dying; doctor tells fool that master is going to take long journey. Since master is making no preparation, fool gives him the present. Master thus brought to repentance. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 45.

J156.4. J156.4. Wisdom from fool: heaven refused. Fool says he does not want to go to heaven for he wants to stay with his master, who everyone says is going to hell. Master repents. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 46.

J157. J157. Wisdom (knowledge) from dream. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J157.0.1. J157.0.1. Deity appears in dream and gives instructions or advice. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J157.1. J157.1. Wisdom from dream: the leper with the cup of water. Man in dream willing to receive sacrament from unworthy priest. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 98 No. 80; Alphabet No. 687.

J157.2. J157.2. Fate of parents revealed in dream. Mother shown in Hell; father in Heaven. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J157.3. J157.3. Dream advises against the popularizing of science. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J158. J158. Wisdom from angel. Jewish: *Neuman.

J158.1. J158.1. Solomon pays heed to angel‘s warning. Rules wisely. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J161. J161. Trial rehearsed before stick in the ground as judge. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 62 (Gonzenbach No. 8).

J162. J162. Wisdom acquired by hanging in a tree. *BP III 192. Icelandic: *Boberg.

J163. J163. Wisdom purchased.

J163.1. J163.1. Man buys a pennyworth of wit. Nouvelles de Sens No. 6; English: Wells 179 (A Peniworth of Witte); West Indies: Flowers 474.

J163.2. J163.2. Man to bring wife a purseful of sense. *Bйdier Fabliaux 451.

J163.2.1. J163.2.1. Fool is told to get a pottle of brains. He tries to buy them. He finally learns that advice was to marry a clever girl. England: Baughman.

J163.3. J163.3. One eye exchanged for wisdom. (Odin.) Icelandic: Boberg.

J163.4. J163.4. Good counsels bought. *Types 910A, 910B; *Fb “rеd”; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 229.

J164. J164. Wisdom from God. Jewish: *Neuman.

J165. J165. Tree of knowledge. Dh I 212ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

J166. J166. Wisdom from books. Jewish: Neuman.

J166.1. J166.1. Wisdom from books bought at great price. (Sibylline). Nine books first offered at certain price. Finally after this is refused and the owner throws six of them into the fire, the king pays the same price for three of them. Finds them filled with wisdom. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 588.

J166.2. J166.2. Wisdom from books of the antediluvians. Jewish: Neuman.

J167. J167. Wisdom from continual reminder of foolishness in the past. Unjust judge skinned and his skin stretched over a footstool kept in the presence of judges, so as to remind them to be just. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 118; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J168. J168. Inscription on walls for condensed education. Chauvin VIII 34 No 1.

J171. J171. Proverbial wisdom: counsels. (Cf. B82.6.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 213f., 216ff., 248f.; Jewish: *Neuman.

J171.1. J171.1. Counsel: if you take it you will be sorry; if you don‘t you will also be sorry. This advice given hero by helpful horse. *Kцhler-Bolte I 468f., 542.

J171.2. J171.2. King questions six doctors.

J171.2.1. J171.2.1. King questions six doctors: what do you like best of all on earth? That man has not what he wishes to have. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 107.

J171.2.2. J171.2.2. King questions six doctors: what do you like best of all on earth? That all joys are mixed with sorrow. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 107.

J171.2.3. J171.2.3. King questions six doctors: what do you like best of all on earth? That all evil and hypocrisy will have an end. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 107.

J171.2.4. J171.2.4. King questions six doctors: what must you most marvel at on earth? That those who are most respected are the biggest fools. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 107.

J171.2.5. J171.2.5. King questions six doctors: what must you most marvel at on earth? That those who speak of spiritual matters are usually the most depraved. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 107.

J171.2.6. J171.2.6. King questions six doctors: what must you most marvel at on earth? That man lives in a state in which he cannot die. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 107.

J171.3. J171.3. Other maxims.

J171.3.1. J171.3.1. Crow flying away says, “A wise man remains not in the place of calamity; but a fool stays there, and sups fear and sorrow.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J171.3.2. J171.3.2. Proverbial wisdom: “Seek to win over the accuser, so that he causes you no annoyance.” Jewish: Neuman.

J172. J172. Account of punishments prepared in hell brings about repentance. Type 756B; Andrejev FFC LXIX 120ff.; Irish: Beal XXI 324, 330, 332, O’Suilleabhain 63, 95, 100; India: Thompson-Balys.

J173. J173. Wisdom taught by suicidal example. Man is ordered by Senate to make tyrant stop bloodshed. He kills himself and family to satiate tyrant of blood. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J174. J174. Good and bad in all books. Author says that a prudent man notes only the good in a vain book; a malicious person, only the bad in a good book. Spanish: Childers.

J175. J175. Wisdom from young man. Irish myth: *Cross.

J176. J176. Wisdom from evil spirits. Icelandic: Hjбlmthиrs saga ok Цlvis 491.

J177. J177. Wisdom from brother-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

J178. J178. Wisdom from robbers (thugs) who disguise selves and show cruel princess how she should treat her husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

J179. J179. Other means of acquiring wisdom (knowledge)--miscellaneous.

J179.1. J179.1. Humble Brahmin teaches king the difference between “mine” and “thine.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J179.2. J179.2. Wisdom learned in underground kingdom: the passions of a human being could not be satisfied on earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J179.3. J179.3. Wisdom from neighbors. India: Thompson-Balys.

J179.4. J179.4. Wisdom from fasting. Jewish: Neuman.

J180. J180. Possession of wisdom.

J181. J181. The years not counted. Man says that he is the youngest present, for he does not count the years before he became monk (or the like). *Chauvin III 108.

J182. J182. Varieties of wisdom.

J182.1. J182.1. “Forty-nine gates of wisdom” open to Moses (and Solomon). Jewish: *Neuman.

J182.2. J182.2. Seventy-two kinds of wisdom. Jewish: Neuman.

J185. J185. Wisdom wins contest of wisdom and wealth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J185.1. J185.1. Minister‘s clever daughter-in-law uses wisdom to defeat Brahmin’s wealth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J186. J186. Wisdom lost by accepting bribes and gifts. Jewish: Neuman.

J190. J190. Acquisition and possession of wisdom--miscellaneous. Icelandic: *Boberg.

J191. J191. Wise men. Jewish: *Neuman.

J191.1. J191.1. Solomon as wise man. Jewish: *Neuman.

J191.2. J191.2. Other biblical heroes as wise men. Jewish: *Neuman.

J192. J192. Wise nations. Jewish: Neuman.

J192.1. J192.1. Wisdom from “Children of the East.” Jewish: *Neuman.

J192.2. J192.2. Wisdom from Egypt. Jewish: *Neuman.

J192.3. J192.3. Wisdom from the Greeks. Jewish: Neuman.

J192.4. J192.4. Wisdom from the Hebrews. Jewish: Neuman.

J200-J1099.

J200-J1099. WISE AND UNWISE CONDUCT

J200-J499.

J200-J499. Choices.

J200. J200. Choices.

J201. J201. Hobson’s choice: choose what is put before you or nothing.

J201.1. J201.1. Choice between eggs: one egg or none. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 50.

J210. J210. Choice between evils.

J210.1. J210.1. Four choices, all of which are evil; man to make one choice only. India: Thompson-Balys.

J211. J211. Choice: free poverty or enslaved wealth.

J211.1. J211.1. Philosopher chooses poverty with freedom. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 382.

J211.1.1. J211.1.1. Man gives all his wealth away, for it is better to die than to give up virtue. India: Thompson-Balys.

J211.2. J211.2. Town mouse and country mouse. Latter prefers poverty with safety. *Type 112; Crane Vitry 199 No. 157; Wienert FFC LVI *59 (ET 208), 124 (ST 325); Halm Aesop No. 297; Jacobs Aesop 202 No. 7; Albini Atene e Roma VI 175.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 15 No. 5; Japanese: Ikeda.

J211.2.1. J211.2.1. Fly jeers at king‘s elephant for his lack of freedom. India: Thompson-Balys.

J212. J212. Choice: plainness with safety or grandeur with danger.

J212.1. J212.1. Ass envies horse in fine trappings. Horse killed in battle; ass content. Jacobs Aesop 220 No. 78; Scala Celi 135a No. 744; India: Thompson-Balys.

J213. J213. Choice: loss of beauty or speech. Latter chosen. Type 710; BP I 13ff.

J214. J214. Choice: suffering in youth or old age. *Wesselski Mдrchen 236; Fb “rig” III 55a; Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells 114 (Sir Isumbras); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *937; Russian: Andrejev No. *931 I; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 948*.

J215. J215. Present evil preferred to change for worse.

J215.1. J215.1. Don’t drive away the flies. Wounded animal (man) refuses to have the flies driven away since they are now sated and their places will be taken by fierce and hungry flies. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 186; Wienert FFC LVI 60 (ET 228), 115 (ST 255); Halm Aesop No. 36; Jacobs Aesop 215 No. 64; Scala Celi 21a No. 132; Alphabet No. 97; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 51; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 32; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J215.1.1. J215.1.1. Don‘t set a hungry guard over food. Parrot set to guard figs eats his fill. When replaced he calls attention to the fact that he is now full and therefore safer than another hungry parrot. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J215.1.2. J215.1.2. King refuses to exile gossipers. They would defame him among strangers. At home they serve to test the king’s patience and to reform his life. Spanish: Childers.

J215.1.3. J215.1.3. Do not pluck off the well-fed leeches. Wolf told not to do so lest hungrier ones take their places as he swims. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J215.1.4. J215.1.4. Old man chooses to be annoyed by occasional and loud chirp of swallows than by never-ending but soft chirp of sandpipers. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J215.2. J215.2. Oxen decide not to kill butchers, since inexpert killers might replace them. Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 289), 115 (ST 254).

J215.2.1. J215.2.1. Old woman prays for safety of cruel tyrant for fear a worse one will succeed him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J215.3. J215.3. Heathcock prefers home with hardships to travel in foreign lands. *Type 232.

J215.4. J215.4. Monk goes to wilderness to escape work on material things. Finds that he must work to live and returns to monastery. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J216. J216. Choice of deaths.

J216.1. J216.1. Army faces enemy rather than the anger of their king who would kill them if they returned in flight. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 529.

J216.2. J216.2. Lamb prefers to be sacrificed in temple rather than to be eaten by a wolf. Wienert FFC LVI 51 (ET 107), 115 (ST 253); Halm Aesop No. 273.

J216.3. J216.3. Crab would rather be killed outright than imprisoned and starved. India: Thompson-Balys.

J216.4. J216.4. Soldier asks to be stabbed in chest. Prostrate soldier asks enemy to stab him in chest instead of back in order to save his honor. Captor frees him and the two become friends. Spanish: Childers.

J216.5. J216.5. Early death with fame preferred. Irish myth: *Cross.

J216.6. J216.6. Saint chooses to die “after pride of youth” and before “misery of old age.” Irish myth: Cross.

J217. J217. Captivity preferred to death.

J217.0.1. J217.0.1. Unsatisfactory life preferred to death.

J217.0.1.1. J217.0.1.1. Trickster overhears man praying for death to take him; the trickster appears at man‘s house, usually in disguise, says he is God (or the devil). The man tells him to take his wife (or he runs away). (Compare C11 for a similar situation in which Death appears.) U.S.: *Baughman.

J217.1. J217.1. Escaped lamb delivers himself to shepherd rather than to slaughter. Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 354), 115 (ST 252); Halm Aesop No. 377.

J217.2. J217.2. Discontented ass longs for death but changes mind when he sees skins of dead asses at a fair. Scala Celi 53b No. 299.

J218. J218. Enemies make peace rather than slay each other.

J218.1. J218.1. Lion and wild boar make peace rather than slay each other for benefit of vulture. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 72), 108 (ST 202); Halm Aesop No. 253.

J145. J145. Hostile dogs made friendly by having them fight common enemy, the wolf.

J221. J221. Choice: small injustice permitted rather than to cause troubles of state.

J221.1. J221.1. King overlooks wife’s unfaithfulness rather than to cause troubles of state. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 207.

J221.1.1. J221.1.1. Senator overlooks wife‘s adultery rather than impair his reputation. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J221.1.2. J221.1.2. Man rebukes servants for telling him of his wife’s unfaithfulness. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J221.2. J221.2. King chooses small inconvenience of personal troubles to great troubles for his kingdom. He suffers to help realm. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J221.3. J221.3. Man would rather pay 500 florins he did not owe than have it said he did not pay debts. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J222. J222. Rescue alone from shipwreck chosen over drowning with goods. Wienert FFC LVI 81 (ET 472), 142 (ST 486).

J223. J223. Choice between evils: pay tribute or lose both money and life. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J225. J225. Choice: apparent injustice over greater wrong.

J225.0.1. J225.0.1. Angel and hermit. Angel takes hermit with him and does many seemingly unjust things. Later shows why each of these was just. *Type 759; *BP IV 326 No. 3; **DeCock Studien en Essays 178ff.; *Crane Vitry 179 No. 109; Herbert III 8; Fb “uskyldig”; Alphabet Nos. 68, 411; Scala Celi 15a No. 85; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 508b nn. 9--11; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 32; **O. Rohde Die Erzдhlung vom Einsiedler und dem Engel (Leipzig, 1894); *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 682. -- Irish: Beal XXI 336; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 23, *296, Goebel Jьdische Motive in mдrchenhaften Erzдhlungsgut (Gleiwitz, 1932) 116ff., *Neuman.

J225.0.1.1. J225.0.1.1. Angel explains to hermit why God lets a sinner die in peace and have big funeral while holy hermit is slain by a wild beast. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J225.0.2. J225.0.2. God punishes many men because of one sinner, like a man who kills hive of bees for stinging of one. Irish myth: Cross.

J225.0.3. J225.0.3. Angel in form of young man shows skeptical hermit that ways of providence are inscrutable. Irish myth: Cross.

J225.1. J225.1. Youth made lame: had kicked his mother. *Type 759; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 682.

J225.2. J225.2. Lion sent to kill a man: frees him from possibility of sinning and sojourn in purgatory. *Type 759; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 682.

J225.3. J225.3. Angel takes cup from old man. Done lest he love the cup too much. *Type 759; Wesselski Mцnchslatein No. 79.

J225.4. J225.4. Angel (Jesus) kills man. Done because man is plotting a murder. *Type 759; Wesselski Mцnchslatein No. 79; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J225.5. J225.5. Angel kills man because he loves his child too much. Type 759; Wesselski Mцnchslatein No. 79.

J225.6. J225.6. Saint gives liberally to gambler, little to beggar. Gambler is generous, beggar hoards. Irish myth: Cross.

J225.7. J225.7. Forestman who longs to do evil is sent to hell: writer, who repents, is sent to heaven. God justifies this to his sage. India: Thompson-Balys.

J225.8. J225.8. Evil mother has fine funeral, good father poor. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 50.

J226. J226. Difficult choice between relatives.

J226.1. J226.1. Choice of freeing one son: adopted son or long-missing son. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J226.2. J226.2. Choice: blind son with long life or healthy son with short. Latter chosen. India: Thompson-Balys.

J226.3. J226.3. Choice: foolish son always with him or four wise daughters who will leave him. Latter chosen. India: Thompson-Balys.

J227. J227. Death preferred to other evils.

J227.1. J227.1. Death preferred to captivity. Irish myth: Cross (J229.13).

J227.2. J227.2. Death preferred to dishonor. Irish myth: Cross (J229.9).

J229. J229. Choice between evils--miscellaneous.

J229.1. J229.1. Choice: staying at home with loving wife or going to tavern and having unfaithful wife. Man chooses latter. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 205.

J229.2. J229.2. Sheep and ignorant shearer. Had rather die than suffer longer from him. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 366), 115 (ST 251); Halm Aesop No. 382.

J229.3. J229.3. Choice: a big piece of cake with my curse or a small piece with my blessing. Type 480; *Roberts 138; BP I 214.

J229.4. J229.4. Better send an ugly woman to the devil than a pretty one. Man chooses ugly mistress. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 404.

J229.5. J229.5. Choice between bad master, bad official, or bad neighbor. Bad master can do evil if he desires to do so; bad official can harm a poor person and complain against him to his master; bad neighbor can betray secret things about his neighbors. Bad neighbor worst. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 586.

J229.6. J229.6. Bad choice between poor and miserly man. Neither makes good leader. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 571.

J229.7. J229.7. Rower prefers to be stoned by his master rather than remain out in the storm. Wienert FFC LVI *83 (ET 498), 115 (ST 258).

J229.8. J229.8. Contentment with evil master for fear of worse successor. Scala Celi 21a No. 128; Herbert III 35ff.; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 45; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J229.8.1. J229.8.1. Weaver prefers master with one hedgehog. Insists on his master putting hedgehog out of house. When master refuses, weaver leaves. Next master has two hedgehogs, and next has three. Weaver returns to first master. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 603.

J229.9. J229.9. Man retains questionable bride for fear of getting one who is worse. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J229.10. J229.10. The smaller the evil the better. Therefore choose the smallest woman possible for a bride. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J229.11. J229.11. Take money instead of revenge. Fool advises uncle, in letter which he did not send, to take money from wife’s paramour instead of revenge. Spanish: Childers.

J229.12. J229.12. Prisoners given choice between emasculation and blinding. Irish myth: Cross.

J229.13. J229.13. God‘s punishment: the sinner may have twelve years of famine or twelve hours of heavy rainfall. India: Thompson-Balys.

J229.14. J229.14. Physical pain preferred to poverty. Jewish: Neuman.

J230--J299.

J230--J299. REAL AND APPARENT VALUES

J230. J230. Choice: real and apparent values.

J231. J231. Wisdom chosen above all else. Jewish: *Neuman.

J231.1. J231.1. Solomon, permitted by God to make any request, asks wisdom. Granted wisdom and wealth. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

J231.2. J231.2. Choice between love and wisdom. Greek: Fox 76 (Herakles).

F171.2. Broad and narrow roads in otherworld.

J232. J232. Health chosen as the most precious thing. India: Thompson-Balys.

J233. J233. Choice between desire and duty. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 235, Boberg.

J240. J240. Choice between useful and ornamental.

J241. J241. Fruitful tree chosen.

J241.1. J241.1. Athena chooses olive tree because of fruitfulness. Wienert FFC LVI 76 (ET 417), 143 (ST 488).

J241.2. J241.2. Peasant leaves honey tree standing. Sparrows and crickets ask peasant to leave tree standing. He refuses, but when he finds honey in the tree he consents. Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 350), 143 (ST 494); Halm Aesop No. 102.

J242. J242. Useful wins contest over beautiful.

J242.1. J242.1. Contest between rose and amaranth: worth lies not in beauty. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 4), *142 (ST 484); Halm Aesop No. 384.

J242.2. J242.2. Pine and thornbush dispute as to their usefulness. Beauty of form does not give worth; pine grows slowly but it will withstand storms. Wienert FFC LVI 44 (ET 15), 74 (ET 398), *142 (ST 483); Halm Aesop No. 125.

J242.3. J242.3. Fox and panther contest in beauty. Fox’s spirit worth more than panther‘s skin. Wienert FFC LVI *43 (ET 1), 142 (ST 482); Halm Aesop No. 42.

J242.4. J242.4. Peacock proved to be bad king. Chosen because of beauty; too weak to defend his flock. Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 63), 90 (ST 22), 142 (ST 480); Halm Aesop No. 398; Dh IV 185ff.

J242.5. J242.5. Peacock and crane in beauty contest. Better be able to soar like crane than to strut about like peacock. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 3), 142 (ST 479); Halm Aesop No. 397.

J242.6. J242.6. Contest in beauty between swallows and crows (ants and flies): worth lies not in beauty. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 5, 9), 124 (ST 330), 142 (ST 482); Halm Aesop No. 415.

J242.7. J242.7. Choice of a learned crow: a dead cat better than a golden crown. India: Thompson-Balys.

J242.8. J242.8. In dividing property clever younger brother takes hind part of buffalo, upper part of tree, and use of curtain during night. India: Thompson-Balys.

J243. J243. Usefulness better than speed.

J243.1. J243.1. Dog and hog dispute over their children: worth lies not in speed. Wienert FFC LVI 44 (ET 19), 142 (ST 478); Halm Aesop No. 409.

J244. J244. Goodness preferred to beauty.

J244.1. J244.1. Father with handsome son and hideous daughter. Advises both to look in mirror daily lest son exchange handsome face for bad character; daughter to triumph over face by good manners. Wienert FFC LVI 83 (ET 494), 149 (ST 536).

J245. J245. Useful and ugly preferred to expensive and beautiful.

J245.1. J245.1. Millstone preferred to jewels. Man shown jewels that cost much money; he replies that he has better stones (millstones) that earn that much. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 164; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J245.2. J245.2. King who experiences the cultural civilization of an empire in dream would rather be poor and primitive. India: Thompson-Balys.

J246. J246. Strength preferred to cleverness.

J246.1. J246.1. Man criticizes the devil because his deeds are not fair. Devil says that they are strong nevertheless. Hence strong speakers rather than clever are to be preferred. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 609.

J246.2. J246.2. Hero, despising weapons, fights with fists alone. Irish myth: *Cross.

J247. J247. Goodness preferred to wealth. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

J247.1. J247.1. Man advised to choose good poor man for his daughter’s husband rather than rich man. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J251. J251. Practical knowledge more vital than theoretical. Jewish: Neuman.

J251.1. J251.1. The bookman and the boatman: each ignorant of other‘s work. Bookman’s swimming saves their lives. India: Thompson-Balys.

J252. J252. Learned person worth two unlearned. Latter wastes time, former not. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2445.

J260. J260. Choice between worth and appearance.

J261. J261. Loudest mourners not greatest sorrowers. Wienert FFC LVI 83 (ET 496), 142 (ST 485); Halm Aesop No. 369.

J262. J262. Noisy things often empty.

J262.1. J262.1. Fox and noisy but empty drum. Chauvin II 86 No. 21; Bшdker Exempler 278 No. 20; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J262.2. J262.2. Little coin in empty bottle noisy. Jewish: Neuman.

J263. J263. Among many vain words may be found some of wisdom. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J264. J264. Apparent beauty may be of the least importance. Ruler admires jewels‘s beauty but neglects to inquire about their marvelous virtues. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J266. J266. Choice between short and dangerous or long and sure way. (Cf. J21.5.3.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

J267. J267. Choice between flattering lies and unflattering truths.

J267.1. J267.1. Raven drowns his young who promise to aid him when he becomes old. He saves one who admits he will not help, because he will have to carry his own young. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *244; Finnish: Aarne FFC V No. 33*.

J280. J280. Quality preferred to quantity.

J281. J281. Quality of offspring preferred to quantity.

J281.1. J281.1. “Only one, but a lion”. Lioness thus answers fox (hog) who twits her that she has only one cub. Wienert FFC LVI 44 (ET 20), 142 (ST 477); Halm Aesop No. 240.

J300--J329.

J300--J329. PRESENT VALUES CHOSEN

J310. J310. The present preferred to the past.

J311. J311. Heed not the past.

J311.1. J311.1. Count only the waves before you. Fox sees man trying to count the waves. Advises him to count only those immediately before him and to pay no attention to those which have already passed. Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 340), 144 (ST 496); Halm Aesop No. 60.

J311.2. J311.2. Do not ask: “Why were the former days better than the present ones?” Jewish: Neuman.

J312. J312. Not what you were but what you are counts.

J312.1. J312.1. Wasp twits butterfly with coming from ugly chrysalis: unimportant where you come from. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 14), 144 (ST 497).

J320. J320. Present values preferred to future.

J321. J321. Present possessions preferred to future possibilities.

J321.1. J321.1. A bird in the hand foolishly given away in hope of greater gain. Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 94), 105, 147 (ST 175, 525); Halm Aesop No. 9.

J321.1.1. J321.1.1. Today’s catch of fish traded for prospective larger catch tomorrow. Africa (Akan-Ashanti): Rattray 252 No. 67.

J321.2. J321.2. Little fish in the net kept rather than wait for uncertainty of greater catch. Wienert FFC LVI 66 (ET 308), 105 (ST 176); Halm Aesop No. 28; Jacobs Aesop 212 No. 53; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J321.3. J321.3. Lion leaves sleeping hare to follow the shepherd. Loses both victims. Wienert FFC LVI 51 (ET 105), 106 (ST 180); Halm Aesop No. 254.

J321.4. J321.4. Present possessions preferred to future. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J322. J322. Don‘t injure yourself to insure your family’s future.

J322.1. J322.1. Man wagers he can run with his head off. Asked what it will profit him, he says that it will profit his family. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 567.

J323. J323. Man to be reforged chooses present unhappiness. He is in heaven and God is to reforge him, but he chooses not to change. Indonesian: *DeVries‘s list No. 239.

J325. J325. Children choose father they know rather than real father they do not yet know. Woman confesses that child is not by her husband. Child, however, chooses to keep the father he knows. (Cf. J391, J1279.1.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 809.

J326. J326. Man prefers servant girl who is present to her absent mistress. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 1.

J327. J327. Soldier prefers to live rather than die and be avenged on enemy. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 44.

J330-J369.

J330-J369. GAINS AND LOSSES

J340. J340. Choices: little gain, big loss.

J341. J341. Weight of bodily member chosen rather than its loss. (Cf. J351.)

J341.1. J341.1. Fox prefers to bear weight of his tail rather than give part of it to ape. *Crane Vitry 204 No. 171; Herbert III 15.

J342. J342. High wages bring expensive living. West Indies: Flowers 475.

J342.1. J342.1. Barber leaves inexpensive village for high wages in city. Finds cost of living more than enough to take all his profit. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 602; Scala Celi 60a No. 332; Alphabet No. 448.

J342.1.1. J342.1.1. In spite of master‘s advice disciple stays in country where everything has cheap price. Gets into trouble. India: Thompson-Balys.

J342.2. J342.2. Wise man refuses income of half a kingdom since expenses will outweigh gain. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J343. J343. Man refuses cure which brings greater inconvenience.

J343.1. J343.1. Drunkard refuses cure of fever if it is to take away his thirst. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 236.

J344. J344. What one has is neglected in search for other things.

J344.1. J344.1. The monkey and the lost lentil. Lets all others he has in his hand fall in order to search for it. *Chauvin II 104 No. 67; Bшdker Exempler 302 No. 70; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J344.2. J344.2. Host wants to learn Hebrew even at risk of forgetting his own language. Chauvin II 106 No. 69; Bшdker Exempler 303 No. 72.

J345. J345. The valuable neglected for the interesting.

J345.1. J345.1. Herdsman neglects his she-goats in favor of wild-goats. She-goats die; wild-goats run off. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 368), 106 (ST 181); Halm Aesop No. 12.

J345.2. J345.2. Man leaves farming for fishing. When water dries up he goes hungry. India: Thompson-Balys.

J346. J346. Better be content with what you have, than try to get more and lose everything. Icelandic: [A]ns saga bogsv. 361, Boberg.

J347. J347. Wealth and glory sacrificed for freedom and virtue.

J347.1. J347.1. Man refuses vast wealth because with it will come covetousness. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J347.2. J347.2. King lays aside crown since it brings too many cares. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J347.3. J347.3. Prince chooses exile and honor to foul life at his father’s court. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J347.4. J347.4. Rich merchant is poorer in happiness than poor man. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J347.5. J347.5. Man refuses rich marriage with house filled with dangerous wild animals. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J350. J350. Choices: small inconvenience, large gain.

J351. J351. Bodily member(s) sacrificed to save life. (Cf. J341.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J351.1. J351.1. Beaver sacrifices scrotum to save life. Cuts it off and leaves it for pursuers. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 264), 141 (ST 475); Halm Aesop No. 189.

J352. J352. Inconvenience disregarded when booty is in sight.

J352.1. J352.1. Wolf does not mind the dust. Told that dust from flock of sheep will annoy him; he finds it useful. Chauvin III 41 No. 7.

J352.2. J352.2. Snake is willing to suffer the indignity of serving frog king as mount because frog king gives him frogs to eat. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J355. J355. Slight inconvenience in weather, large gain.

J355.1. J355.1. The widow‘s meal. King upbraids wind for blowing away a poor widow’s last cup of meal. Finds that the wind has saved a ship full of people by that very act. The king is humbled. **Schiller Anthropos XII--XIII 513; DeVries FFC LXXIII 324ff.; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 67, *301, *Neuman.

J356. J356. Less inconvenience in fighting though tired than in losing all for a little rest. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J357. J357. Priest sells his donkey because worry for its safety distracts him from prayer. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J369. J369. Small inconvenience, large gain--miscellaneous.

J369.1. J369.1. Solomon refuses water of immortality for himself when he cannot have it for his possessions also. Chauvin II 126 No. 129.

J369.2. J369.2. Ape throws away nut because of its bitter rind. *Crane Vitry 188 No. 127; Herbert III 11, 36ff.; Hervieux Fabulistes latins I 218 No. 47.

J370. J370. Choices: important and unimportant work.

J371. J371. No time for minor fights when life is in danger.

J371.1. J371.1. Bull refuses to fight goat. Bull being pursued by lion tries to go into cave. Goat refuses to let him in. Bull must go on, for with lion pursuing he has no time to fight goat. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 168), 112 (ST 234); Halm Aesop 396.

J372. J372. King ridiculed for inventing trifle of musical instrument but praised for constructing a great mosque. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J390. J390. Choices: kind strangers, unkind relatives.

J391. J391. Kind foster-parents chosen rather than cruel parents. (Cf. J325.)

J391.1. J391.1. Lamb chooses her foster-mother, the she-goat. Owes more to her than to her own mother, who has deserted her. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 259), 145 (ST 507).

J400--J459.

J400--J459. CHOICE OF ASSOCIATES

J400. J400. Choice of associates.

J401. J401. Scarcity of real friends.

J401.0.1. J401.0.1. “A friend is known in need.” Irish myth: Cross.

J401.1. J401.1. Socrates builds himself a little house. Criticized for its smallness he says, “I wish I had true friends enough to fill it.” Wienert FFC LVI 39; Phaedrus III 9.

J410. J410. Association of equals and unequals.

J411. J411. Great refuse to associate with lowly. Missouri French: Carriиre.

J411.1. J411.1. Boar refuses to fight with lowly ass. Wienert FFC LVI *76 (ET 158), 120 (ST 298).

J411.2. J411.2. Zeus refuses wedding present from snake. Presents to be received only from equals. Wienert FFC LVI 76 (ET 423), 120 (ST 297); Halm Aesop No. 153.

J411.3. J411.3. Prince refuses to play with common children. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 165.

J411.3.1. J411.3.1. Noble poets refuse to associate with truly good poet because of his lowly birth. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J411.4. J411.4. Peasant ashamed of being thrown off by ass. Shameful to be thrown by such a creature. Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 378), 120 (ST 299); Halm Aesop No. 3.

J411.5. J411.5. Wolf tries to make friends with lion: killed. Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 82), 92 (ST 54); Halm Aesop No. 280.

J952.1. J952.1. Presumptuous wolf among lions.

J411.6. J411.6. Dolphin and whale scorn crab as peacemaker. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 69), 92 (ST 45); Halm Aesop No. 116.

J411.7. J411.7. Laurel and olive tree scorn thornbush as umpire in their dispute as to who is most useful. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 12), 74 (ET 392), 92 (ST 46).

J411.8. J411.8. Mouse on lion’s mane. Lion angry at impudence of mouse. Wienert FFC LVI *56 (ET 167), 113 (ST 238); Halm Aesop No. 257.

J411.9. J411.9. Knight disregards insult by servant. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J411.9.1. J411.9.1. King refuses to quarrel with bird. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J411.10. J411.10. Leopard ashamed of having been bitten by lizard. India: Thompson-Balys.

J411.11. J411.11. Rich man refuses to associate with poor sister. India: Thompson-Balys.

J412. J412. Profitable association of great and lowly.

J412.1. J412.1. Prince of democratic tastes chosen. King asks three sons what kind of bird they would prefer to be. First: an eagle, because it is ruler of birds; second: a falcon; because it is beloved by the nobles; third: a bird which flies with many others, so as to receive advice. King chooses third. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 677.

J413. J413. Unprofitable association of unequals.

J413.1. J413.1. Lion licks sick man, who is thereby disgusted. India: Thompson-Balys.

J414. J414. Marriage with equal or with unequal.

J414.1. J414.1. Wife chosen instead of fairy mistress. They let man choose between them. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 88.

J414.2. J414.2. Prince prefers first love to princess he later marries. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61 No. 445A.

J414.3. J414.3. Unsuccessful marriage of jackals and turtles (different habits). India: Thompson-Balys.

J416. J416. One‘s own kind preferred to strangers.

J416.1. J416.1. Bird refuses to maintain friendship with bird of different habits. India: Thompson-Balys.

J417. J417. Man prefers to live with ordinary rather than with pious man. He will be virtuous by comparison. Jewish: *Neuman.

J420. J420. Association of strong and weak.

J421. J421. Subordination of weak to strong.

J421.1. J421.1. Lion as king makes ass his lieutenant. *Basset RTP VI 244.

J421.2. J421.2. Lion makes lame goat his lieutenant. India: Thompson-Balys.

J423. J423. Stupid fear company of clever.

J423.1. J423.1. Jackal realizes that the partridge was too clever for him and leaves. India: Thompson-Balys.

J425. J425. Weak fear company of strong.

J425.1. J425.1. Earthen and brazen pots in river. Brazen pot thinks that they should stay together for company. Earthen pot, however, fears approach of brazen pot. Wienert FFC LVI 76 (ET 414), *136 (ST 415); Halm Aesop No. 422; Jacobs Aesop 212 No. 51; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J425.2. J425.2. Buffalo refuses tiger’s invitation to dinner. He sees fire prepared to cook him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J426. J426. Association of rat with cat ceases as soon as mutual danger has passed. The rat threatened by the weasel and the owl allies himself with a cat caught in a net. Saved by the cat, he rescues the cat with precaution and then prudently renounces further relations with her. Chauvin II 101 No. 61; Bшdker Exempler No. 66; India: Thompson-Balys.

J426.1. J426.1. Association of mouse with cat ceases as soon as mutual danger has passed. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J426.2. J426.2. Friendship of snake and frog ceases when snake wants to eat frog. India: Thompson-Balys.

J427. J427. Association of cow and tiger: tiger eats cow as soon as she is hungry. India: Thompson-Balys.

J428. J428. Association of tiger and crane. They soon quarrel. India: Thompson-Balys.

J429. J429. Association of strong and weak--miscellaneous.

J429.1. J429.1. Association of swan and swallow: swan unable to fly away from danger. Type 246*.

J429.2. J429.2. Associating with a bad friend is fatal: swan and crow. Swan is blamed when crow drops filth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J440. J440. Association of young and old.

J441. J441. Profitable association of young and old.

J441.1. J441.1. Old ox yoked with young ox. Thus kept in order. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 516), 146 (ST 511).

J445. J445. Foolish association of young and old.

J445.1. J445.1. Foolish youth in love with ugly old mistress. Herbert III 39ff.; Hervieux I 188 No. 14a; Heptameron No. 27; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J445.2. J445.2. Foolish marriage of old man and young girl. Nouvelles Recreations No. 16; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 99; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 341; Icelandic: *Boberg.

J450. J450. Association of the good and the evil.

J451. J451. Contagiousness of bad company.

J451.1. J451.1. Ass buyer returns ass which has associated with lazy companions. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 376), 120 (ST 294); Halm Aesop No. 320; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J451.2. J451.2. Stork killed along with cranes. Ill-advised associations end fatally. Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 309), 120 (ST 296); Halm Aesop No. 100.

J451.3. J451.3. God of wealth in bad company. Heracles on his arrival in heaven fails to greet Plutus, the god of wealth: he has seen him in too bad company. Wienert FFC LVI 76 (ET 418), 120 (ST 295); Halm Aesop No 160.

J451.4. J451.4. Mirror begrimed by snail. Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 412), 120 (ST 300).

J452. J452. Bad associates bring death to bishop. Doctor loses his life for him and lawyer his soul. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J455. J455. Harm of association with flatterers. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 739.

J460. J460. Unnecessary choices.

J461. J461. Senseless debate of the mutually useful.

J461.1. J461.1. The belly and the members. Debate as to their usefulness. All mutually useful. *Prato Archivio per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari IV (1885) 25ff.; Penzer V 135 n.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 399; Wienert FFC LVI *43 (ET 6), 92 (ST 59); Halm Aesop No. 197; Jacobs Aesop 206 No. 29; *Crane Vitry 167 No. 73; *H. Gombel Die Fabel vom Magen und den Gliedern (Beihefte zur Zs. f. romanische Philologie LXXX [Halle, 1934]).--Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 71, *301f., *Neuman; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 139; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 393.

J461.1.1. J461.1.1. Tail and head of serpent quarrel as to usefulness. Wienert FFC LVI 58 (ET 187), 93 (ST 60); Halm Aesop No. 344; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J461.1.2. J461.1.2. Fortune, Intellect, Knowledge, and Health dispute as to which is the greatest. India: Thompson-Balys.

J461.1.3. J461.1.3. Debate of tongue and other bodily members. Jewish: *Neuman.

J461.2. J461.2. Common wives of man debate as to which has helped him most. Help of each was indispensable. Africa (Vai): Ellis 235 No. 56, 255 No. 52.

J461.3. J461.3. Tobacco, pipe, and match debate usefulness to smoker. Africa (Vai): Ellis 196 No. 13.

J461.4. J461.4. Deer, opossum, and snake each render indispensable aid to man. Foolishly debate their usefulness. Africa (Vai): Ellis 230 No. 39.

J461.5. J461.5. Rice, wheat, and dal dispute as to which is the best. India: Thompson-Balys.

J461.6. J461.6. Dispute of hammer and anvil. India: Thompson-Balys.

J461.7. J461.7. Wealth and wisdom dispute as to who is greater. India: Thompson-Balys.

J461.8. J461.8. Elephant and ape debate about superiority. Owl gives them task neither can perform and ends futile debate. India: Thompson-Balys

J462. J462. Unnecessary choices of belief.

J462.1. J462.1. Unnecessary choice of gods. King‘s sons each choose a god: Jupiter for power, Saturn for wisdom, etc. Father says that a god of all combined would be better. Oesterley No. 243; Herbert III 204. Cf. Wienert FFC LVI 44 (ET 23), 135 (ST 410); Babrius No. 15.

J462.2. J462.2. Unnecessary choice of philosophies. Aristotle drinks both red and white wine to show that all philosophies are good. Scala Celi 35b No. 197.

J462.3. J462.3. Unnecessary choice of religion.

J462.3.1. J462.3.1. Father leaves sons three jewels--Christianity, Judaism, Mohammedanism. All to be used. (Cf. J1262.9.) *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 70; Boccaccio Decameron I No. 3 (*Lee 6); Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 150, 281.

J462.3.1.1. J462.3.1.1. Father gives son three rings. Only one is good although they all look the same. Same with religions. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J463. J463. Unnecessary choice: to go uphill or downhill. Camel prefers the level. Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 353), 111 (ST 223).

J465. J465. Unnecessary choice: praying or reading. Both are good. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 105.

J466. J466. Senseless debates about usefulness.

J466.1. J466.1. Pomegranate and apple tree dispute as to which is worth most. Blackberry reproves them for useless jangling. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 11), 74 (ET 390), 92 (ST 47); Halm Aesop No. 385.

J466.2. J466.2. Senseless debate: which is the greater, St. John the Baptist or St. John the Evangelist? Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J480. J480. Other choices.

J481. J481. Inflicters rather than receivers of wounds chosen. Men with many wounds recommended as soldiers. King had rather have those who gave the wounds. Wesselski Bebel I 69 No. 48.

J482. J482. King advised to marry maid rather than widow. Widow would have things her own way. *Stiefel Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 278.

J482.1. J482.1. Woman refuses second marriage. If husband is good she will fear to lose him; if bad she will repent. Alphabet No. 565; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J482.1.1. J482.1.1. Woman refuses second marriage. Her husband abides in her heart. Spanish: Childers.

J482.1.2. J482.1.2. Widow refuses second marriage so her brother cannot kill a second husband. Heptameron No. 40.

J482.2. J482.2. Better to marry ugly than fair wife. Less hard to satisfy. Alphabet No. 798.

J482.2.1. J482.2.1. Better to marry a man lacking money than money lacking a man. Spanish: Childers, Keller.

J482.3. J482.3. Young man advised to choose as wife a girl whose mother was chaste. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J483. J483. Choice: to do that which one knows or to learn something. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 104.

J484. J484. Enjoyment preferred to wealth. Penzer IV 198.

J485. J485. Three sins of the hermit. Choice of three sins given him: adultery, murder (theft), drunkenness. He chooses drunkenness; the others follow. (Cf. J21.25.) *Type 839; **Taylor MPh XX 61ff.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 243; Chauvin VIII 129 No. 118; Herbert III *131; Kцhler-Bolte I 583; Nouvelles de Sens No. 25; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 24; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 159, 282, Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 22 No. 17.

J486. J486. Death preferred above God and Justice. *Type 332; BP I 381ff.; *Fb “Vorherre” III 1087b.

J487. J487. Tame dog prefers food basin to fleeing hare. Wienert FFC LVI *85 (ET 522), 145 (ST 503); Halm Aesop No. 390.

J488. J488. Fox had rather meet one hen than fifty women. English: Wells 184 (The Fox and the Wolf).

J491. J491. Old sweetheart chosen in preference to new. Type 886.

J493. J493. Little men preferred to big men. Preacher prefers small men because the intellect has difficulty in reaching to one‘s heels. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J494. J494. Choice: death and revenge preferred to life. Irish myth: *Cross.

J495. J495. Monk chooses solitude and loneliness to company and temptation. By living alone he escapes sin. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J496. J496. Choice of friend over mistress. Given the choice of his friend or his mistress, man chooses his friend. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J497. J497. Eagle prefers own offspring to changeling. Irish myth: Cross.

J500-J599;

J500-J599; Prudence and Discretion.

J510. J510. Prudence in ambition.

J511. J511. One should not attempt to change his color.

J511.1. J511.1. Negro tries in vain to be washed white. Wienert FFC LVI *46 (ET 48), *87 (ST 5); Halm Aesop No. 13; India: Thompson-Balys.

J512. J512. Animal should not try to change his nature.

J512.1. J512.1. Crab comes ashore: killed by fox. Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 91), 90 (ST 28); Halm Aesop No. 186.

J512.2. J512.2. Kite tries to neigh like a horse. Loses his voice and gains nothing. Wienert FFC LVI *46 (ET 52), 90 (ST 27); Halm Aesop No. 170.

J512.3. J512.3. Camel tries in vain to dance. Wienert FFC LVI 46 (ET 46, 47), *88, 90 (ST 10, 20); Halm Aesop No. 182, 365.

J512.4. J512.4. Ass tries in vain to play lyre. *Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 26), 130 (ST 373).

J512.5. J512.5. Wolf tries in vain to be doctor. Only increases patient’s suffering. Wienert FFC LVI 46 (ET 40), 122 (ST 309).

J512.6. J512.6. Crow tries to imitate partridge‘s walk. Only spoils his own. Chauvin II 106 No. 70; Bшdker Exempler 303 No. 73; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J512.7. J512.7. Mouse, bird, and sausage keep house together. When they exchange duties all goes wrong. *Type 85; *BP I 206, III 558; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 135.

J512.7.1. J512.7.1. Elephant, giraffe, snake, and ant try keeping house together: requirements different. India: Thompson-Balys.

J512.8. J512.8. Ass tries to get a cricket‘s voice. Asks crickets what they eat to get such a voice. They answer, “dew.” He tries it and starves. Wienert FFC LVI 46 (ET 43), 90 (ST 24); Halm Aesop No. 337.

J512.9. J512.9. Lizard tries to make himself as long as snake. Kills himself. Wienert FFC LVI 58 (ET 189), 93 (ST 62); Halm Aesop No. 388.

J512.10. J512.10. Fox tries to mask as dove, but loses all thoughts of murder. India: Thompson-Balys.

J512.11. J512.11. Camel and jackal exchange food: camel is led by his good friend to thorny fruit and thorn sticks in his throat. India: Thompson-Balys.

J512.12. J512.12. Frog wants to be shod like a horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

J512.13. J512.13. Jackal accidentally made king but joins other jackals in howling at night. Killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J512.14. J512.14. Snake wants to act as pet like parrot: killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J512.15. J512.15. Frogs want to collect honey like bees. India: Thompson-Balys.

J513. J513. One should let well enough alone.

J513.1. J513.1. Birds seeking richer lands are nearly all killed. Survivors advise their friends to let well enough alone. *Wesselski Arlotto I 201 No. 31.

J513.2. J513.2. Barber tries unsuccessfully to become a trader. India: Thompson-Balys.

J514. J514. One should not be too greedy. Type 555.

J514.1. J514.1. Kite tries to carry off so many partridges that he drops them all. Herbert III 40ff.; Hervieux IV 211 No. 38; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J514.2. J514.2. Wolf tries to eat bowstring. Finds hunter, gazelle, and wild boar dead. Tries first to eat the bowstring, and is mortally wounded. Chauvin II 95 No. 47; Bшdker Exempler 292 No. 51; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

J514.3. J514.3. Greedy man keeps demanding one more thing from complacent man; at last is magically blinded. Campbell-McKay No. 21.

J514.4. J514.4. Greedy pig looks up into tree for figs. This causes his death. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J514.5. J514.5. Greedy man dissatisfied with gold looks for jewels; finds only iron and eventually nothing. India: Thompson-Balys.

J514.6. J514.6. Fowler wants two rubies as ransom for a caught goose; loses goose and both rubies. India: Thompson-Balys.

J515. J515. Peacock spends so much time preening for coronation that birds become impatient and make the owl king instead. India: Thompson-Balys.

J530. J530. Prudence in demands.

J531. J531. Good shepherd shears his sheep; does not skin them. Emperor thus replies to suggestion of a new tax to be laid on the people. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 742.

J550. J550. Zeal--temperate and intemperate.

J551. J551. Intemperate zeal in truth-telling.

J551.1. J551.1. Cocks who crow about mistress‘s adultery killed. Discreet cock saves his life. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 9; Oesterley No. 68; Herbert III 206.

J551.1.1. J551.1.1. Bird warns mistress against committing adultery: gets neck wrung. India: Thompson-Balys.

J551.2. J551.2. Fool given the truth on his back. He tells his master what the servants have done during his absence. The servants whip him on his bare back, saying at each blow, “That is the truth.” When the master returns and tells the fool to tell the truth, the latter replies, “There is nothing worse on earth than the truth.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 1.

J551.3. J551.3. Doctor loses a horse for the sake of the truth. Overlord asks two doctors whether he is entitled to all the possessions of his retainers. One doctor unrighteously answers yes and receives a horse. The other who tells the truth receives nothing. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 123.

J551.4. J551.4. Man asked to tell truth says that his host, his hostess, and the cat have but three eyes between them. He is driven off for his truth telling. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 3.

J551.5. J551.5. Magpie tells a man that his wife has eaten an eel, which she said was eaten by the otter. The woman plucks his feathers out. When the magpie sees a bald man, she says, “You too must have tattled about the eel.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 6.

J551.6. J551.6. Only youngest son tells king truth when asked where they got their food: banished. India: Thompson-Balys.

J551.7. J551.7. Honest servant tells people that shop does not have many customers: dismissed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J552. J552. Intemperate pugnacity.

J552.1. J552.1. Noblemen who quarreled over a device. Wiser of the two shows foolishness of such a fight. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 168.

J552.2. J552.2. Noblemen being ruined by long lawsuit decide wisely to join their families in marriage and save their fortunes. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 402.

J552.2.1. J552.2.1. Bishop fond of lawsuits is ordered by king to settle them: bishop pleads for a few to be left so that he will have something to live for. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 34.

J552.3. J552.3. Serpent (weasel) tries to bite a file. Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 401, 402), 98 (ST 119, 120); Halm Aesop Nos. 86, 126; Jacobs Aesop 206 No. 26.

J552.4. J552.4. Helmet left for woman to quarrel with. Woman insists upon quarreling with a nobleman. He says, “If you wish to quarrel, I shall leave my helmet here. You can talk to it.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 641.

J552.5. J552.5. Brothers compose quarrel and save umpire‘s fee. India: Thompson-Balys.

J552.6. J552.6. Boast at home. In Castile a Spaniard maintains to a Portuguese that the Spanish king is best of all. In Portugal, that the Portuguese king is best. “Each cock crows in his own barnyard.” Spanish: Childers (J500).

J553. J553. Intemperance in work.

J553.1. J553.1. Aesop with the unbent bow. Upbraided when found playing with children, he unstrings a bow and shows how good relaxation is. Wienert FFC LVI 40; Phaedrus III No. 14; Thiele Hermes XLI 585; Alphabet Nos. 6, 671.

J553.2. J553.2. Ruler interrupts meeting of Senate to amuse his small son. When rebuked for making him a whistle he says: “I would have blown it for him had he asked me to do so.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J554. J554. Intemperance in service. Emperor rebukes overzealous servant as being a nuisance. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 523), 143 (ST 491).

J555. J555. Intemperance in obedience.

J555.1. J555.1. Cum grano salis. Instructions of mother followed literally by one daughter when she marries. All goes wrong. Second daughter follows them in conformity with her father’s explanations and all is well. *Type 915.

J556. J556. Intemperance in honesty. Irish: Beal XXI 335, O‘Suilleabhain 118.

J556.1. J556.1. St. George teaches the poor man, “Who steals somewhat and lies somewhat will be rich.” Type 790*.

J556.2. J556.2. Forget God for five years and you will become wealthy. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 53.

J557. J557. Intemperance in undertaking labor.

J557.1. J557.1. Monk discouraged by large amount of work to be done persuaded to undertake but a small amount each day. The small task will be done; the large one will merely discourage. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 262; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J557.1.1. J557.1.1. True penance for even a day is effective. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J558. J558. Intemperance in sacrificing. Wienert FFC LVI 80 (ET 462), 138 (ST 431); Halm Aesop No. 161; Jewish: Neuman.

J561. J561. Intemperance in pursuit.

J561.1. J561.1. Man tracking gorilla sees animal’s strength. Wisely refrains. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 69 No. 14.

J561.2. J561.2. Cow-herd looking for cattle thief recognizes him in the lion. Desists. Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 318), 109 (ST 213); Halm Aesop No. 83.

J562. J562. Intemperance in charity. A waste of time to make a bed for a dog who lies down wherever he happens to be tired. Likewise a waste of time to help unappreciative people. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 429.

J563. J563. Man resuscitates a lion which devours him. *Krappe Papers and Trans. of Jubilee Congress of Folk Lore Society (London, 1930) 277ff.; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 270, *357, *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J564. J564. Intemperance in worship. Irish myth: Cross.

J565. J565. Intemperance in fasting.

J565.1. J565.1. Fool fasts on roof till he becomes so weak he falls off. India: Thompson-Balys.

J570. J570. Wisdom of deliberation.

J571. J571. Avoid hasty judgment. Jewish: Neuman.

J571.1. J571.1. When in anger say the alphabet. Man thus restrained from hasty judgment. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 257.

J571.2. J571.2. King given three wheels to control his anger. *Chauvin II 127 No. 130.

J571.3. J571.3. King in anger punishes misdeed on Easter day. Is almost killed himself in retaliation. He submits and says that he deserves this punishment for hasty action. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 256.

J571.4. J571.4. Avoid hasty punishment.

J571.4.1. J571.4.1. Man has disinterested party punish servant for him lest he himself be unfair in his anger. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J571.4.2. J571.4.2. Master when angry will not punish servant who has ruined him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J571.5. J571.5. King restrained from hasty judgment by being told story. India: Thompson-Balys.

J571.6. J571.6. Judge not that you be not judged: thus judge upbraided when he is later accused in court and claims mercy. India: Thompson-Balys.

J571.7. J571.7. Answer questions of a fool the next day. India: Thompson-Balys.

J571.8. J571.8. Unpaid servant refuses to blame master: later rewarded. Jewish: Neuman.

J572. J572. Wisdom of deliberation in fight. West Indies: Flowers 476.

J572.1. J572.1. Bravest know how to wait. Three men are pursued in battle. First throws himself on enemies; second waits a little; third does not fight until the enemy begins. Latter is bravest. *Chauvin II 152 No. 15; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J580. J580. Wisdom of caution.

J581. J581. Foolishness of noise-making when enemies overhear.

J581.1. J581.1. Wolf as dog‘s guest sings. He has drunk too much and sings in spite of the dog’s warning. He is killed. *Type 100; *BP II 111.

J581.2. J581.2. Paramour who insists on quarreling with mistress about escape caught by her husband. He finds the escape different from that which had been described to him. Chauvin II 84 No. 12; Bшdker Exempler 275 No. 11; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J581.3. J581.3. Monk’s enemies quarrel and thus save him. Robber who wants to steal monk‘s cow and devil who wants to steal his soul quarrel as to which shall begin first; they thus awaken him and the neighbors. Chauvin II 97 No. 53; Bшdker Exempler 296 No. 58; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J581.4. J581.4. Drones dispute possession of honey. Ordered to make honey. Dispossessed. Wienert FFC LVI 54 (ET 140), 100 (ST 138).

J581.5. J581.5. Kites and crows quarrel over division of wounded fox. Meantime fox escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

J582. J582. Foolishness of premature coming out of hiding.

J582.1. J582.1. Hidden goat discovered by his horn protruding above ground. Phaedrus II No. 8; West Indies: Flowers 476.

J582.2. J582.2. Hidden stag discovered when he begins to eat grapevine too soon after hunters have passed. Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 286), *109 (ST 209, 521); Halm Aesop No. 127.

J585. J585. Caution in eating.

J585.1. J585.1. Clever girl refrains from eating figs which would bring on magic sleep. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 970.

J600-J799.

J600-J799. Forethought.

J610-J679.

J610-J679. FORETHOUGHT IN CONFLICTS WITH OTHERS

J610. J610. Forethought in conflict with others--general.

J611. J611. Wise man before entering a quarrel considers how it will end. Wesselski Bebel II 110 No. 35; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 765.

J612. J612. Wise man considers whom he is attacking.

J612.1. J612.1. Flea and fever exchange night-lodgings. Flea had attacked abbess and been chased all night; fever, a washerwoman who nearly froze it to death by going to the river and washing clothes. They exchange and succeed. *Crane Vitry 159 No. 59; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XV 105; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 87 No. 75; Alphabet No. 15; Scala Celi No. 430.

J613. J613. Wise fear of the weak for the strong.

J613.1. J613.1. Frogs fear increase of sun’s power which will dry up all their puddles. Wienert FFC LVI *76 (ET 421), 136 (ST 418); Halm Aesop No. 77; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3189; Legends Nos. 288f.

J613.2. J613.2. Frogs fear defeated bull. See two bulls fighting; know that the loser will take refuge in their marsh. Wienert FFC LVI 55 (ET 151), *148 (ST 531).

J620. J620. Forethought in prevention of others‘s plans. Icelandic: *Boberg.

J621. J621. Destruction of enemy’s weapons.

J621.1. J621.1. The swallow and the hemp-seeds. Swallow in vain urges other birds to eat seed as fast as it is sowed. Ridiculed, he builds his nest among the dwellings of men. Later, birds are caught in nets made from the hemp. Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 248), 118 (ST 277); Halm Aesop Nos. 105, 106; Dдhnhardt IV 275; Herbert III 8; *Crane Vitry 176 No. 101; Jacobs Aesop 203 No. 12; Africa (Fang): Tessman 27ff., (Pangwe): ibid. 362ff.

J621.1.1. J621.1.1. Snake gives away magic pills later used to kill him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J622. J622. Preventing the birth of enemies.

J622.1. J622.1. Wise man destroys serpent‘s eggs. *Fb “hugorm”; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J622.1.1. J622.1.1. Swallow advises hen against hatching out serpent’s eggs. She is hatching her own destruction. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 255), 147 (ST 516); Halm Aesop No. 342.

J623. J623. Prevention of hostility by inspiring fear in enemy.

J623.1. J623.1. Snake complains to Zeus that people step on him. Zeus: “If you had bitten the first foot that stepped on you it would not be done now.” Wienert FFC LVI 77 (ET 430), 128 (ST 364); Halm Aesop No. 347.

J624. J624. Uniting against a common enemy.

J624.1. J624.1. Two sheep kill a fox who has licked up the blood they have spilled in a fight. Chauvin II 87 No. 22; Bшdker Exempler 279 No. 22; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

J624.2. J624.2. Sheep-dogs stop quarreling to hunt wolf who has raided the flock. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J624.3. J624.3. Enemy brothers unite to fight a common enemy. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J625. J625. Prevention of hostilities by agreeing to demands while in danger. Barber makes heavy demands of customer while the razor is at his throat. Customer agrees but after the shave throws the barber out. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J626. J626. Prevention of hostilities by disarming the suspect. Later learned that he is a fugitive murderer. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J628. J628. Dissuasion from suicide. Man dissuades simpleton from hanging himself by telling him that hell is a place of pain and torments. Spanish: Childers.

J631. J631. Crab takes hold of heron‘s neck and fearing attack cuts neck and kills him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J634. J634. King takes measures against assassination.

J634.1. J634.1. King to avoid possible assassination singes his beard rather than have barber shave him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J634.2. J634.2. King to avoid possible assassination has queen’s quarters searched before he enters. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J640. J640. Avoidance of others‘ power.

J641. J641. Escaping before enemy can strike.

J641.1. J641.1. One bird escapes as hunter bends his bow; other remains and is shot. (Told also of fish.) *Type 246; Wienert FFC LVI 61 (ET 233), 108 (ST 205); Halm Aesop No. 85; Chauvin II 88.

J642. J642. Foolishness of surrendering weapons.

J642.1. J642.1. Lion suitor allows his teeth to be pulled and his claws to be cut. He is then killed. Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 32), 70 (ET 344), 107 (ST 198); Halm Aesop No. 249; *Basset RTP XXVI 126; Africa: Weeks Jungle 450.

J642.2. J642.2. Robbers persuaded to give hero sword with which they are afterwards killed. Africa (Somali): Tiling ZsES XVIII 139ff. No. 6.

J643. J643. Care against future tyranny.

J643.1. J643.1. Frogs demand a live king. King Log. Zeus has given them a log as king, but they find him too quiet. He then gives them a stork who eats them. Wienert FFC LVI *78 (ET 436), 110 (ST 217); Halm Aesop No. 76; *Crane Vitry 143 No. 24; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *277; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. *277; Russian: Andrejev No. 277; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J643.2. J643.2. Kite as king of chickens. Herbert III 35.

J643.3. J643.3. Lion as king of animals reinstated after elephant is tired. India: Thompson-Balys.

J644. J644. Avoiding places which have been fatal to others.

J644.1. J644.1. Fox sees all tracks going into lion‘s den but none coming out. He saves himself. Wienert FFC LVI *53 (ET 131), 96 (ST 92); Halm Aesop No. 246, cf. No. 262; Jacobs Aesop 217 No. 73; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *50A; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A Indian (Tuxtapec): Mechling JAFL XXV 203; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 189, (Hottentot): Bleek 19 No. 10; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 243 No. 18.

J645. J645. Avoiding power of future enemy.

J645.1. J645.1. Birds flee from cuckoo who, they believe, will later become a hawk. Wienert FFC LVI 55 (ET 149), 119 (ST 290); Halm Aesop No. 198.

J646. J646. Disregard advice of your enemy.

J646.1. J646.1. Palamides, having injured Ulysses, seeks advice from him. Following the advice proves fatal. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No 441.

J646.2. J646.2. Bird hears voices from within unhatched eggs and flies away: voices plot to dine on their bird-mother when they are born. India: Thompson-Balys.

J647. J647. Avoiding enemy’s revenge.

J647.1. J647.1. Avoid enemies‘ revenge either by making peace and friendship or by killing them all. So says old man to conqueror. Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 544, 545.

J647.2. J647.2. Advice not to rob women while they are alone, for fear of returning husbands’ revenge. Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 24--27, Boberg.

J648. J648. Care against future imprisonment.

J648.1. J648.1. Monkeys planning to found a city desist lest with walls up it will be easier to catch them than before. Wienert FFC LVI *61 (ET 240), 108 (ST 200); Halm Aesop No. 361.

J651. J651. Inattention to danger.

J651.1. J651.1. Throstle giving all attention to sweet fruits is caught by bird catcher. Wienert FFC LVI 66 (ET 298), 107 (ST 195); Halm Aesop No. 194.

J651.2. J651.2. Man inattentive to the danger of drowning enters water to save treasure and is drowned. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J652. J652. Inattention to warnings. Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; West Indies: Flowers 477.

J652.1. J652.1. Frog persists in living in puddle on road. Disregards advice of another frog and is run over. Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 203), 118 (ST 279); Halm Aesop No. 75; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 704.

J652.2. J652.2. Swallows warn other birds against roosting in tree with glue. They disregard and are caught. Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 249), 118 (ST 277); Halm Aesop No. 417; Dh IV 274ff.

J652.3. J652.3. Man disregards priest‘s warning that he will seduce his wife. Adultery committed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J652.4. J652.4. Warnings against certain peoples.

J652.4.1. J652.4.1. Hector warns Trojans against attacking the stronger Greeks. Warning disregarded. Disastrous defeat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J652.4.2. J652.4.2. Don’t play tricks on Gascons. Heptameron No. 28.

J655. J655. Approaching danger too familiarly.

J655.1. J655.1. Birds discuss the trap. One of them is caught in it. Type 245*; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 110.

J655.2. J655.2. Fox jeers at fox-trap. Is caught. Type 68*.

J656. J656. Avoiding things which are harmful by nature.

J656.1. J656.1. Thornbush blamed by fox for wounding him. He should have known better than to lay hold of something whose nature is to lay hold of others. Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 386), 122 (ST 310); Halm Aesop No. 32.

J657. J657. Care in selecting the creature to carry one.

J657.1. J657.1. Youth trusts self to horse over which he has no control. Thrown off. Wienert FFC LVI *71 (ET 358), 109 (ST 210; cf. 533); Halm Aesop No. 302.

J657.2. J657.2. Tortoise lets self be carried by eagle. Dropped and eaten. *Wienert FFC LVI 46, 50 Nos. 51, 98; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J657.3. J657.3. Crane persuades fish to let him change him from one lake into another: he eats fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

J670. J670. Forethought in defences against others.

J671. J671. Practical and impractical defences.

J671.1. J671.1. Belling the cat. Mice decide that a bell should be put on the cat but can find no one to tie it on her. *Type 110; Wienert FFC LVI 53 (ET 128), 96 (ST 97); Halm Aesop No. 15; Jacobs Aesop 216 No. 67; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 260 No. 213, *Arlotto II 226 No. 93; *Baum MLN XXXIV (1919) 462; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 634; Dh IV 145ff.; Herbert III 36ff. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; American Negro: Harris Nights 311 No. 53.

J672. J672. Defences by strengthening one’s own weakest spots.

J672.1. J672.1. Ears stopped with wax to avoid enchanting song. Odysseus and the Sirens. Chauvin VII 98 No. 375 n. 4; Kцhler-Bolte I 125; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 137, 263; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J672.2. J672.2. Cotton put in ears so as not to hear abusive words. India: Thompson-Balys.

J673. J673. Defence when one needs it most. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J673.1. J673.1. Armor ordered thin in front and thick in back, since it would be most needed in flight. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 543.

J674. J674. Defences in and out of season.

J674.1. J674.1. Wild-boar sharpens tusks when no enemy is in sight. Tells fox that when enemy comes there are other things to do. Wienert FFC LVI 61 (ET 237), 108 (ST 203); Halm Aesop No. 407.

J674.2. J674.2. Man decides to make himself strong in peaceful times rather than wait until attacked. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J675. J675. Man slays another in order not to be slain himself. Icelandic: Boberg.

J675.1. J675.1. Son slays father in order not to be slain himself. Icelandic: Boberg.

J676. J676. Youthful fencer yields to infuriated opponent who has picked up a pestle. “Two against me. I surrender.” Spanish: Childers.

J677. J677. Foolishness of king‘s taking a washerman for chief minister; washerman makes no preparation for war and kingdom is conquered. India: Thompson-Balys.

J680. J680. Forethought in alliances. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J681. J681. Alliances which make both parties more vulnerable.

J681.1. J681.1. Rat and frog tie paws together to cross marsh. Carried off by falcon. *Chauvin II 123 No. 117; Scala Celi 73a No. 416; *Crane Vitry 135 No. 3; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 124 (cf. No. 125).

J681.1.1. J681.1.1. Jackal and leopard tie tails together for mutual protection. Frightened, they run apart and injure each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

J682. J682. Foolishness of alliances with the weak.

J682.1. J682.1. Foxes desert their allies, the hares, when they foresee defeat by the eagle. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 64), 106 (ST 187); Halm Aesop No. 236.

J683. J683. Foolishness of attacking real allies.

J683.1. J683.1. Ass turns on his driver who would save him from falling over the precipice. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 375), 118 (ST 283); Halm Aesop No. 335.

J683.2. J683.2. Tame doves close wild ones in trap and thus help common enemies. Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 112, 310), 143 (ST 493).

J683.3. J683.3. Tame fox helps dogs against wild foxes. Is no longer trusted by latter. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 29.

J684. J684. Alliances with the strong.

J684.1. J684.1. Fox with lion protector goes hunting alone and is killed. Wienert FFC LVI *59 (ET 214), 92 (ST 58); Halm Aesop No. 41.

J684.2. J684.2. Foolishness of taking on too strong a partner: crow crowds sparrow out of its nest. India: Thompson-Balys.

J684.3. J684.3. Tortoise joins peacock in dance. Cannot escape hunter; peacock flies off. India: Thompson-Balys.

J684.4. J684.4. Victorious ally feared by others. Jewish: Neuman.

J685. J685. Alliances with the intelligent.

J685.1. J685.1. Man, lion, and bear in pit. Bear tells lion not to eat the man, since he would grow hungry again. Rather they should have the man use his intelligence to get them out. Chauvin III 64 No. 29.

J689. J689. Forethought in alliances -- miscellaneous. Wienert FFC LVI 48, 59, 60, 66 (ET 77, 205, 218, 302), 101, 102, 114 (ST 142, 153, 242); Halm Aesop Nos. 147, 421.

J700--J749.

J700--J749. FORETHOUGHT IN PROVISION FOR LIFE

J700. J700. Forethought in provision for life (general).

J701. J701. Provision for the future.

J701.1. J701.1. Planting for the next generation. Man who is planting tree told that it will never mature in his day. He is planting for the next generation. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 235 No. 516; Chauvin II 208 No. 75; Jewish: *Neuman.

J701.2. J701.2. King improves kingdom before leaving it to his sons. He leaves it smaller but much stronger and richer. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J702. J702. Necessity of work.

J702.1. J702.1. Dervish who stops work. Sees bird feed its young and decides that God takes care of everyone without work. He is shown his mistake. Chauvin II 115 No. 89.

J702.2. J702.2. King (queen) teaches children to work at all tasks to prepare them for life‘s possible hazards. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J703. J703. Planning for the greater office.

J703.1. J703.1. Looking for the keys of the abbey. Monk goes about with downcast eyes until he is made abbot; then lives in luxury. He explains that he was looking for the keys of the abbey. Now he has them. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 500.

J703.2. J703.2. “Eat small fish now if you wish larger ones later.” Bishop refuses to eat small fish as he used to when an abbot. “Then I used small fish to catch big ones I have now!” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J705. J705. Safe provision for life not to be lightly surrendered.

J705.1. J705.1. Priest must give up his charge or his mistress. Gives up his parish and immediately loses his fickle mistress. Wesselski Mцnchslatein No. 41; *Crane Vitry 234 No. 241; Herbert III 19.

J706. J706. Acquisition of wealth.

J706.1. J706.1. Be diligent and spend little: how to become wealthy. Advice of a self-made man. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 53.

J707. J707. Wealth is most important. India: Thompson-Balys.

J710. J710. Forethought in provision for food.

J711. J711. In time of plenty provide for want.

J711.1. J711.1. Ant and lazy cricket (grasshopper). Lazy bird is put to shame by thrift of industrious bird. In winter he is in distress. *Type 249; *Chauvin III 58 No. 19; Wienert FFC LVI 55 (ET 156, 157), 126 (ST 347); Halm Aesop No. 295, 401; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 845; Jacobs Aesop 208 No. 36.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 451.

J711.2. J711.2. Improvident mouse eats grain stored for famine. Loss is discovered and grain placed elsewhere. Mouse, who has saved nothing, starves. *Chauvin II 115 No. 90.

J711.3. J711.3. King for a year provides for future. Knowing that the custom is that he is to be deposed in a year, he sends provisions to a safe place out of the kingdom. *Crane Vitry 137 No. 9; Herbert III 63, 191; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 224; *Chauvin II 160 No. 49, 192 No. 9, III 101 No. 8; Scala Celi No. 134; Alphabet No. 655.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 36, 275f.

J711.4. J711.4. Wise man stores grain against coming famine. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J711.5. J711.5. Industrious ant works always at his harvest to keep it dry. Ant brings stored grain out into sun to keep it safe. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J712. J712. Food alone keeps off hunger.

J712.1. J712.1. City without provisions but with much money starves. Chauvin V 34 No. 16; Jewish: Neuman.

J713. J713. Make use of proper seasons for crops.

J713.1. J713.1. Lazy boy vainly asks God of the Seasons to delay the plowing season. India: Thompson-Balys.

J715. J715. Kindness unwise when it imperils one’s food supply.

J715.1. J715.1. Eagle warns shepherds that wolf is eating sheep. Crow rebukes eagle for thus imperiling his own food supply. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 36 No. 229*.

J730. J730. Forethought in provision for clothing.

J731. J731. Do not discard clothing till cold weather is over.

J731.1. J731.1. More than one swallow to make a summer. Spendthrift youth seeing swallow concludes that summer has come and sells his clothes. There is frost the next day and he is cold. Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 348), 122 (ST 316); Halm Aesop No. 304.

J740. J740. Forethought in provision for shelter.

J741. J741. Build shelter for the whole year.

J741.1. J741.1. Bear builds house of wood; fox of ice. Fox‘s house fails him in summer. *Type 43; Missouri French: Carriиre.

J750--J799.

J750--J799. FORETHOUGHT--MISCELLANEOUS

J751. J751. Consider difficulties of course you are about to undertake.

J751.1. J751.1. Truth the best policy. Servant about to be caught for theft rehearses the lie he is to tell his master. He finds lies so transparent that he decides to tell the truth. Wesselski Mдrchen 200.

J751.1.1. J751.1.1. Lady answers queen so straightforwardly she gets light punishment. Heptameron No. 21.

J752. J752. In planning future, profit by the past.

J752.1. J752.1. Frogs decide not to jump into the well. Their spring having dried up, they consider jumping into a well. They decide that the well may also dry up. Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 202), 108 (ST 201); Halm Aesop No. 74; Italian Novella: Rotunda (J742).

J753. J753. Remove obstacles from path.

J753.1. J753.1. The only person in the bath. Servant reports to master that there is but one person in the public bath Master finds three hundred. Only one person had removed stone from his path; rest had stubbed toes. He was only one worthy of the name of man. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 604.

J755. J755. All aspects of a plan must be foreseen.

J755.1. J755.1. The forgotten wind. Man allowed to manage the weather forgets to ask help of the wind. All goes wrong and he must give up management. *Type 752B; *Fb “vind” III 1059a.

J756. J756. Advice after the event valueless.

J756.1. J756.1. Doctor gives advice after patient dies. Scorned for lack of foresight. Wienert FFC LVI *84 (ET 509), 108 (ST 204); Halm Aesop No. 169.

J758. J758. Beware of following an interested adviser. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J758.1. J758.1. Tailless fox tries in vain to induce foxes to cut off tails. *Basset RTP XXVI 267; Jacobs Aesop 215 No. 65.

J758.1.1. J758.1.1. Noseless man persuades fools to cut off noses. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J758.1.2. J758.1.2. Tailless jackal persuades other jackals to cut off tails. India: Thompson-Balys.

J758.2. J758.2. Crane advises fool to empty reservoir so he can reap all grain. Crane eats fish left at bottom. India: Thompson-Balys.

J758.3. J758.3. Fish refuse fox’s invitation to live on dry land and thus escape danger of fishermen. Jewish: *Neuman.

J761. J761. Old age must be planned for.

J761.1. J761.1. Child finds gray hair in wicked father‘s head. Father sees that it is time for him to reform. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 292.

J761.2. J761.2. Fourth horse must carry all. Miller has four horses to carry grain. He uses only one, so that it soon dies. Four horses are childhood, youth, manhood, and old age. Don’t heap all burden of securing salvation on the fourth horse, old age. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 291.

J761.3. J761.3. Adulteress prepares for old age. Charges a pair of shoes to consort with men. When old she pays with shoes the men who will consort with her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J762. J762. Leave a loophole for escape.

J762.1. J762.1. Priest keeps in container relic which when kissed renders people immune from pestilence. They only kiss container, so that if they die he will not be held responsible. Wesselski Bebel I 144 No. 62.

J765. J765. Mark the way one is going in an unfamiliar country. Icelandic: Boberg.

J766. J766. Do not work yourself out of employment.

J766.1. J766.1. Cat only drives rats away; if she killed them she would no longer have employment. India: Thompson-Balys.

J800--J849.

J800--J849. Adaptability.

J810. J810. Policy in dealing with the great.

J811. J811. Wisdom of concessions to power.

J811.1. J811.1. The lion’s share. Ass divides booty equally between himself, fox, and lion. Lion eats ass. Fox then divides: gives lion meat and he takes bones. *Type 51; Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 213), 110 (ST 220); Halm Aesop No. 260; Jacobs Aesop 200 No. 4; Herbert III *14, 39ff.; *Crane Vitry 199 No. 158. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; American Negro: Harris Nights 334 No. 58.

J811.1.1. J811.1.1. Lion divides the booty. Best part goes to himself as king of beasts; second, as strongest; third, as most valiant; fourth--“touch it if you dare.” Wienert FFC LVI *59 (ET 216), *148 (ST 530); Halm Aesop No 258; *K. Gorski Die Fabel vom Lцwenanteil in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung (Berlin, 1888).

J811.2. J811.2. Fox refuses to mediate between lion and lioness. Lion decides to abandon lioness because of her bad odor. Ass, hog, and fox as judges. Ass says she has bad odor: lioness slaps him. Hog says she has not: lion slaps him. Fox says that he has a bad cold and cannot smell. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 29 No. 52*.

J811.3. J811.3. King honors poet and critic: the first so that he will honor the king; the second, so that he will not dishonor him. Spanish: Childers.

J811.4. J811.4. Ruler angered by evil spoken of him is placated by soft words of speakers. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J811.5. J811.5. Prime minister bribes priest to persuade king that ocean of milk he wishes sought for had curdled. India: Thompson-Balys.

J811.6. J811.6. Fox with three hundred fables ready to tell against lion conveniently forgets them. Jewish: Neuman.

J814. J814. Flattery of the great.

J814.1. J814.1. Imprisoned musician defends himself. Has been imprisoned because the king did not like the way the musician looked at him. After a year the king returns as a conqueror and sees musician. The latter says that he saw the king‘s conquests in a vision and was blessing him when he looked at him. The musician is honored. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 255 No. 188.

J814.2. J814.2. Flatterer always agrees with king even in opposite opinions; defense: he is king’s servant. India: Thompson-Balys.

J814.3. J814.3. “High-born alone recognizes one of equal rank with himself.” Jackal sees man with instrument he is unfamiliar with, comes up to him and salutes him “Lord of Delhi.” Man calls him Lord of Jungle and tells above. India: Thompson-Balys.

J814.4. J814.4. Flattery of the wicked to escape death at his hands: “This is an offering to my lord Esau from his slave Jacob”. Jewish: Neuman.

J814.5. J814.5. Dissenting minister to king: “Let the king do as seems good in his eyes”. Jewish: Neuman.

J815. J815. Unpleasant truths must be withheld from the great.

J815.1. J815.1. Liar rewarded by the apes. King of apes asks visitors how they like his children (courtiers). Truthful visitor tells that they are very ugly, and is punished. Liar praises their beauty and receives reward. *Types 48*, 68**; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 381; *Gerber MLN IV (1889) 479; Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 53), 104 (ST 168); Alphabet No. 33; Scala Celi No. 36.

J815.2. J815.2. Brother who conforms to naked people’s customs honored. Two brothers go to the land of Naked People. One of the brothers wears clothes and is punished. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 80.

J815.3. J815.3. Muddy bath prepared for blemished king. Irish myth: Cross.

J816. J816. Tact in reproving the great.

J816.1. J816.1. King brought to sense of duty by feigned conversation of birds. Philosopher pretends to know bird‘s language and to be translating what they tell him. *Basset 1001 Contes II 452; Chauvin II 153 No. 21, *VIII 129f. No. 119; Wesselski Mдrchen 220 No. 34; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J816.1.1. J816.1.1. King living apart from wife brought to sense of duty by philosopher. Asks if there is harmony among the cities and republics of Greece: philosopher tells him to ask it of his own house. Spanish: Childers.

J816.2. J816.2. King called baker’s son: he has given the poet only loaves of bread. King sees jest and rewards poet. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 4.

J816.3. J816.3. King brought to sense of duty by woman‘s words. Drunken king sentences unjustly. Woman asks to appear before the king before he has dined. Her case is retried. Spanish: Childers.

J816.4. J816.4. Woman tactfully restrains amorous king. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J817. J817. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J817.1. J817.1. Man called a rogue by a nobleman makes a joke of the insult. He thus avoids trouble. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 476.

J817.2. J817.2. Physician willing to believe in four persons. Angers a theologian by disputing doctrine of the Trinity. “Don’t get angry,” he says; “rather than have you condemn me to hell, I would believe in four persons.” Wesselski Bebel I 163 No. 98.

J817.2.1. J817.2.1. King makes absurd statement about flowers. Flatterer agrees: it is the king he serves, not the wretched flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

J817.3. J817.3. With a silent person one is alone. Angered bishop will not answer when addressed. Relents when priest says, “Since there is no one here I may heed the call of Nature.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J818. J818. Care in advising a king.

J818.1. J818.1. Yogi advises yogi blood for making king‘s leaky tank hold water: king cuts off yogi’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

J821. J821. Keeping on good terms with hostile gods.

J821.1. J821.1. Dog asks raven why he sacrifices to Athene, since she hates raven because of his powers of augury. “The more reason to sacrifice. She will keep on good terms with me.” Wienert FFC LVI 61 (ET 231), 143 (ST 490); Halm Aesop No. 213.

J822. J822. Man plays fool to protect himself in dealing with king.

J822.1. J822.1. Man pretends idiocy so as to avoid compromising himself when summoned to testify by two rival queens before the king. India: Thompson-Balys.

J823. J823. Man recounts unpleasant happening to king when in good humor and draws laugh; rest draw punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

J829. J829. Dealing with the great--miscellaneous.

J829.1. J829.1. The king and the cheap slippers. Steward buys the king a pair of slippers. King thinks not enough has been paid for them and refuses them. Steward buys another like the first and charges a good price. Learns that this is the way to deal with kings. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 162.

J829.2. J829.2. Devil decides to leave of own accord. It is decided to drive the devil out of a man who is possessed. Devil sees the inevitable and flees so that they cannot say that he has been driven off. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 159.

J829.3. J829.3. Vanquished ruler in disguise gets audience with victor. “What would you do if your enemy were to kneel before you and beg forgiveness?” “I would forgive him.” Reveals identity and is pardoned. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J830. J830. Adaptability to overpowering force.

J831. J831. Mohammed goes to the mountain (tree) when the mountain will not come to him. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin *II 190 No. 372.

J832. J832. Reeds bend before wind (flood). Save themselves while oak is uprooted. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 174; Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 387), 107 (ST 190, 243); Halm Aesop No. 179; **E. Grawi Die Fabel vom Baum und dem Schilfrohr in der Weltliteratur (Rostock Diss., 1911). --India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

J833. J833. Ass foolish to kick against the pricks. Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 357), 140 (ST 468).

J834. J834. Fire burns man who doesn‘t understand it. Useful when one knows how to use it. Wienert FFC LVI *80 (ET 467), 121 (ST 306).

J835. J835. Wit interprets unfavorable decision of court as doing him great honor. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 37.

J850-J899.

J850-J899. CONSOLATION IN MISFORTUNE

J860. J860. Consolation by a trifle.

J861. J861. Consolation for misfortune found in food.

J861.1. J861.1. Consoled by a drop of honey. Man in pit surrounded by perils thus comforts himself. **Kuhn Der Mann in Brunnen (Stuttgart, 1888); *Chauvin II 85 No. 17, III 100 No. 6; Bшdker Exempler 276 No. 16; Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 12; *Crane Vitry 191 No. 134; Alphabet No. 623.--Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J861.2. J861.2. Man on sinking ship eats salt. Otherwise he will not enjoy the large amount of water that he must drink. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 235; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J861.3. J861.3. Mouse (fly) dying in meat tub is happy that he has eaten to satisfaction. Wienert FFC LVI *64 (ET 274), *143 (ST 495); Halm Aesop No. 292.

J864. J864. Comfort in the contemplation of impossible pleasure.

J864.1. J864.1. Fox stumbles over violin. Chased from chicken coop by dogs. When he stumbles he says, “What a fine opportunity to dance if I had time!” Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 33 No. 135A, Espinosa Jr. No. 24.

J864.2. J864.2. Fox about to be hanged asks to be allowed to see geese. (Cf. J2174.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 29.

J865. J865. Consolation by thinking of some good aspect of a situation.

J865.1. J865.1. “But by a fine fellow!” Dying toad thus comforts his paramour, the frog, whom he is leaving neither married nor widow nor maiden and pregnant. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 288A*.

J866. J866. Consolation by thinking of the past.

J866.1. J866.1. Unsuccessful fishermen console themselves that their earlier high hopes balance up their disappointment. Wienert FFC LVI 66 (ET 300), 133 (ST 324); Halm Aesop No. 23.

J867. J867. Mutual and undeserved compliments: donkey to camel, “What a beauty you are”; latter answers, “What a sweet voice you have.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J869. J869. Consolation by a trifle--miscellaneous.

J869.1. J869.1. Doves in net console themselves because they think trapper’s tears are from pity for them. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J870. J870. Consolation by pretending that one does not want the thing he cannot have.

J871. J871. The fox and the sour grapes. Pretends that the grapes he cannot reach are sour. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 267), 125 (ST 336); Halm Aesop No. 33; Scala Celi 52b No. 292; Jacobs Aesop 207 No. 31; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 30 No. 66a*; Jewish: Neuman.

J871.1. J871.1. Fox asking for favor set on by dogs. Thankful to have saved life. India: Thompson-Balys.

J873. J873. Fox in swollen river claims to be swimming to distant town. Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 244), 125 (ST 339); Halm Aesop No. 30; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 30 No. 66B*.

J873.1. J873.1. Jackal covers up his inability to cross stream by saying he is looking for shallowest part. India: Thompson-Balys.

J873.2. J873.2. Clever jackal covers up his clumsiness in catching cows by saying he was running to and fro because he was looking for the fattest calf. India: Thompson-Balys.

J874. J874. Dog driven out of dining room claims to be drunk. Says that he has drunk so much that he does not know how he got out of the house. Wienert FFC LVI 68 (ET 322), 125 (ST 338); Halm Aesop No. 62.

J875. J875. Warrior having lost a city claims that he did not wish to sell it for a higher price. Wesselski Bebel I 118 No. 1.

J876. J876. Headless king and tailless tiger, each afraid of other, agree to be friends. India: Thompson-Balys.

J877. J877. Scorned suitor consoles himself by realization that a wife who did not love him would be constant source of trouble. Nouvelles de Sens No. 3.

J880. J880. Consolation by thought of others worse placed.

J881. J881. Timid animal consoled when he sees others more timid.

J881.1. J881.1. More timid than the hare. Hares take heart when they see that frogs are more timid than they. *Type 70; *Dh IV 97ff.; Wienert FFC LVI *62 (ET 245), 116 (ST 266); Halm Aesop No. 237; Jacobs Aesop 204 No. 15.

J881.2. J881.2. Lion comforted for his fear of the cock. Finds that elephant is afraid of the gnat. Wienert FFC LVI 77 (ET 428), 116 (ST 267); Halm Aesop No. 261.

J882. J882. Man with unfaithful wife comforted.

J882.1. J882.1. Man with unfaithful wife comforted when he sees the queen‘s unfaithfulness. Wesselski Mдrchen 185 No. 1; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J882.2. J882.2. Man with unfaithful wife comforted when he sees jealous husband who carefully guards wife cuckolded. *Wesselski Mдrchen 185 No. 1; Kцhler-Bolte II 625; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J882.3. J882.3. Man whose wife gives him bath only once a week comforted by one who does so once a year. India: Thompson-Balys.

J883. J883. Poor man consoles self by thinking of misfortunes of rich.

J883.1. J883.1. Man compelled to live on peas takes comfort when he sees a man once rich eating the hulls. Chauvin II 150 No. 10; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J883.2. J883.2. Man in cold consoles himself thinking of rich men in hell or prison. Herbert III 8; Crane Vitry 179 No. 108.

J885. J885. Clever person’s defeat pleases inferior.

J885.1. J885.1. Hare upbraided by sparrow for letting self be carried off by eagle rejoices when sparrow is carried off by hawk. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 164), 103 (ST 160).

J890. J890. Consolation in misfortune--miscellaneous.

J891. J891. Enemy horses captured by lion join forces and become friends. Chauvin II 150 No. 9; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J893. J893. Consolation: spiritual recompense for temporal misfortune.

J893.1. J893.1. Consolation: priest tells blind man that even flies have eyes but only man has the inner eyes of the soul. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J900--J999.

J900--J999. Humility.

J900. J900. Humility.

J901. J901. The seven daughters of Humility. Irish myth: *Cross.

J902. J902. Humility of angels. Jewish: *Neuman.

J903. J903. Humility one of the qualifications of a prophet. Jewish: Neuman.

J904. J904. Judge should possess humility and modesty. Jewish: Neuman.

J905. J905. Humility of the wise “Sons of the East”. (Cf. J191.) Jewish: Neuman.

J910. J910. Humility of the great.

J911. J911. Wise man acknowledges his ignorance.

J911.1. J911.1. Men not chosen for their ignorance; else he should have reached heaven. Upbraided for not knowing answer to question, man answers that he was chosen for his position because of what he knew, not of what he did not know. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 224 No. 462.

J912. J912. Wise man humble in death.

J912.1. J912.1. King orders piece of cloth shown after his death. The measure of all that he has taken with him to the grave. Herbert III 10; *Crane Vitry 185 No. 119; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 24; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 67 No. 54; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J912.2. J912.2. King refuses to have fine tomb erected for him since his stay on earth is so unimportant. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J912.3. J912.3. Rich man humbled by realization that he cannot take his wealth with him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J913. J913. King has earthen vessels placed on table among the golden ones. He had formerly been a potter and prefers the vessels which he had made to the ones now molding him. Spanish: Childers.

J914. J914. King shows humility by mingling with common people.

J914.1. J914.1. King David dances with common youths before the Ark of the Covenant. He humbles self to please God. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J915. J915. King of humble lineage cannot be flattered. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J916. J916. Abbot to avoid vainglory receives judge in rags. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J917. J917. Opposing wise men humble themselves and become friends. Jewish: Neuman.

J918. J918. Empress sews and shows she is not too noble to work. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J921. J921. Noble and ugly holy man embraces man who calls him ugly, saying he loves those who see him as he really is. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J950. J950. Presumption of the lowly.

J951. J951. Lowly masks as great.

J951.1. J951.1. Ass in lion’s skin unmasked when he raises his voice. **DeCock Volkssage 184ff.; Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 175, 176), *91 (ST 38), 93 (ST 69); Halm Aesop Nos. 333, 336; Jacobs Aesop 211 No. 49; *Chauvin II 224 No. 22. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer V 99 n. 3.

J951.2. J951.2. Jay in peacock‘s (pigeon’s) skin unmasked. Type 244; Wienert FFC LVI 47, 57 (ET 61, 173), *93 (ST 66, 67, 68); Halm Aesop Nos. 200, 201, 201b; Jacobs Aesop 205 No. 21; Scala Celi 80b No. 461; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J951.3. J951.3. Crow tries to prophesy like raven: detected by his voice. Wienert FFC LVI 73, (ET 387), 92 (ST 42); Halm Aesop No. 212.

J951.4. J951.4. Weasel paints self to deceive mice. Detected. Wienert FFC LVI *53 (ET 133), 87 (ST 7); Halm Aesop No. 87.

J951.4.1. J951.4.1. Painted jackal admitted neither to the peacocks nor to the jackals. India: Thompson-Balys.

J951.5. J951.5. King of jackals captured because of his large banner. India: Thompson-Balys.

J952. J952. Lowly animal tries to move among his superiors. Detected.

J952.1. J952.1. Presumptuous wolf among lions. Large wolf, called by his companions “Lion”. Presumes to mix with lions but is only a wolf. Wienert FFC LVI 58 (ET 188), 91 (ST 36); Halm Aesop No. 272.

J952.2. J952.2. Ass follows after lion and is punished. Ass and cock are surprised by lion. Cock crows and scares lion, who runs. Ass thinks that he has scared lion and pursues. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 174), 92 (ST 53); Halm Aesop No. 323.

J952.3. J952.3. Dog follows lion. Flees at lion‘s roar. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 184), 91 (ST 35); Halm Aesop No. 226.

J952.4. J952.4. Ass who has worked with ox thinks himself equal to ox. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 178), 91 (ST 39); Halm Aesop No. 104.

J952.5. J952.5. Frog heaps abuse on bullock, who scorns him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953. J953. Self-deception of the lowly.

J953.1. J953.1. Dog proud of his clog. Thinks that the clog on his neck is a decoration. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 183), 91 (ST 34); Halm Aesop No. 224.

J953.2. J953.2. Bad singer thinks he is talented: driven from theatre. Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 481), 93 (ST 72); Halm Aesop No. 193.

J953.2.1. J953.2.1. Bad writer who praises himself reprimanded. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 515), 91 ST 41).

J953.3. J953.3. Flute-player thinks song meant for the prince is sung to him. Punished for presumption. Wienert FFC LVI 81 (ET 478), 93 (ST 71).

J953.4. J953.4. Ass who carried divine image thinks people bow before him. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 177), 94 (ST 74); Halm Aesop No. 324.

J953.5. J953.5. Disdain of the wolf for the dog. Is fleeing from dog’s master not from him. Wienert FFC LVI *55 (ET 150), 91 (ST 33); Halm Aesop No. 230.

J953.6. J953.6. Gnats think they have thrown horse down. He has only rolled over. *Type 281; Russian: Andrejev No. 281; India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.7. J953.7. Crow thinks harvesters are stealing his grain. *Type 243.

J953.8. J953.8. Woman in finery in church thinks people are standing up to see her when they rise at gospel reading. Wesselski Bebel II 138 No. 119.

J953.9. J953.9. Spider thinks that it has held back the wind. Indonesian: DeVries‘s list No. 138.

J953.10. J953.10. Gnats apologize for lighting on bull’s horn. He had not felt their weight. Wienert FFC LVI *57 (ET 186), 92 (ST 49); Halm Aesop No. 235; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 136.

J953.10.1. J953.10.1. Raven riding on bull’s horns thinks he has brought bull home. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.11. J953.11. Crow alighting on falling tree thinks his weight made it fall. Penzer III 70 n. 1; Bloomfield Am Journ. Philol. XL 1.

J953.12. J953.12. Glowworm thinks he shines like stars. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.13. J953.13. Fox thinks his elongated shadow at sunrise makes him as large as elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.14. J953.14. Jackal falls into dye vat, tries to pose as peacock: detected. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.15. J953.15. Animals each think moon shines for his benefit. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.16. J953.16. Owl thinks echoes of his hoots are sounds of praise. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.17. J953.17. Rat imagines himself owner of camel. He is attached to camel by string. India: Thompson-Balys.

J953.18. J953.18. Rag accidentally in king’s wardrobe thinks it is a ribbon. India: Thompson-Balys.

J954. J954. Foolish boast of ancestry by lowly.

J954.1. J954.1. Mule as descendant of king‘s war-horse. Fails to mention his mother. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 170; *Crane Vitry 147 No. 33; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 30; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J954.2. J954.2. Fox claims that certain statues are of his ancestors. Ape shows that he is a liar. Wienert FFC LVI *44 (ET 17), 100 (ST 140); Halm Aesop No. 43.

J955. J955. Lowly tries in vain to be greater than he is.

J955.1. J955.1. Frog tries in vain to be as big as ox. Bursts. Jacobs Aesop 205 No. 22; Wienert FFC LVI 58 (ET 192), 93 (ST 61); Halm Aesop No. 84; *Crane Vitry 145 No. 29; India: Thompson-Balys.

J955.1.1. J955.1.1. Fish swells with pride until it bursts. India: Thompson-Balys.

J955.1.2. J955.1.2. Bird tries to puff itself up to look like peacock. Kills itself. India: Thompson-Balys.

J955.1.2.1. J955.1.2.1. Titmouse ruffles feathers to seem big as a bear. Her young ones know her. Type 228; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 32 No. 16.

J955.2. J955.2. Servant plays at being emperor. Master sees him and says, “Now that you are emperor remember your humble master.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J955.2.1. J955.2.1. Page dreams of being king. Master asks: “What would you do for me if you were king?” Answer: “Give you 100 ducats.” Master beats him for insufficient consideration. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J955.3. J955.3. Servant asks master for arms of knighthood. Is given a stalk of garlic. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J955.3.1. J955.3.1. Peasant asks to be knighted. Is told that he can be made rich but not noble. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J955.4. J955.4. Old simpleton resolves to become a senator. He is made to believe that he is wanted as an archer and is so frightened that he dies. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J956. J956. Ambitious branch chosen king of trees. Vine and fig tree have refused. Scala Celi 8b No. 55; Judges 9: 8.

J957. J957. Presumptuous man before the works of Michelangelo says: “I too am a master”. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J958. J958. Mole pretends that he sees, smells, and hears. His mother tells him to claim no more senses than he has. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 260), 101 (ST 146); Halm Aesop No. 71.

J971. J971. Flies try to drink water from elephant‘s ears. He kills them. *Chauvin II 89 n. 1.

J972. J972. One cock takes glory of another’s valor. Victor in cock fight crows over his victory. He is taken off by eagle. A second cock then comes out from hiding and struts about among the hens. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 180), 92 (ST 56); Halm Aesop No. 21.

J973. J973. Ass in the potter‘s shop. (Bull in china shop.) Only breaks the pots *Wienert FFC LVI 40; Halm Aesop No. 190.

J974. J974. Kid perched on house jeers at wolf. (Cf. J978.) Jacobs Aesop 204 No. 16; Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 162), 112 (ST 231); Halm Aesop No. 135.

J975. J975. Hare demands equal rights for all animals. Reprimanded for presumption. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 181), 92 (ST 43); Halm Aesop No. 241.

J976. J976. Day after Feast Day disputes importance with Feast Day. Former reprimanded. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 10), 92 (ST 52); Halm Aesop No. 133.

J977. J977. After one day of schooling children are ordered by their father to cease associating with the unlearned. Wesselski Bebel I 170 No. 5.

J978. J978. Boaster of victory over a weaker person reprimanded. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 517), 91 (ST 40).

J981. J981. Presumptuous smith chants the Divine Comedy. Dante throws his tools in the street. Blacksmith: “You ruin my work!” Dante: “You ruin mine!” Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J981.1. J981.1. Dante beats a mule driver who chants the Divine Comedy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J982. J982. Presumptuous officials disregarded by council. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1000--J1099.

J1000--J1099. Other aspects of wisdom.

J1010. J1010. Value of industry.

J1011. J1011. Lazy woman resumes her work. She sees how a little bird by persistence pecks a hole in a stone. Type 843.

J1020. J1020. Strength in unity.

J1021. J1021. The quarreling sons and the bundle of twigs. Peasant puts twigs together and cannot break them. Separately they are easily broken. His sons apply the lesson. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 861; Wienert FFC LVI 83 (ET 491), 111 (ST 228); Halm Aesop No. 103; Jacobs Aesop 217 No. 72.--Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1021.1. J1021.1. Sons united make living; separated fail. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1021.2. J1021.2. Preacher teaches beaten Genoese the strength of unity. They are like donkeys--when one is beaten the rest scatter. The enemy are like pigs--stick together in trouble. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1022. J1022. Fight of lions and bulls. Lion succeeds only when bulls separate. Wienert FFC LVI *48 (ET 73), *112 (ST 229); Halm Aesop No. 394.

J1023. J1023. Dog leader fears defeat because his forces are of different breeds. Wolves are all of one kind. Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 57), *48 (ET 68), 112 (ST 230); Halm Aesop No. 267; BP III 545f.; Dh IV 104f., 290; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 107*.

J1024. J1024. Quails caught in net rise up in a body with net and escape. As soon as they quarrel they are caught. Cowell J[a]taka I 85 No. 33; Benfey Panchatantra II 156ff., 304f.; Bшdker Exempler 290 Nos. 45--46; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1024.1. J1024.1. Captured elephants pull all at once and escape from net. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1025. J1025. United cocks defeat partridge. When they quarrel they are defeated. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 70), 135 (ST 409); Halm Aesop No. 22.

J1025.1. J1025.1. Cranes fighting as allies defeat all enemies. If they quarrel they are doomed. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1025.2. J1025.2. Cats unite in battle against a wolf. They destroy wolf. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1030. J1030. Self-dependence.

J1031. J1031. Grain will be cut when farmer attends to it himself. Lark leaves her young in the cornfield. They hear farmer tell sons to go to neighbors for help in harvesting. Lark tells young not to worry. Same when he sends for relatives. Farmer decides to harvest it himself. Larks move, for they now know that it will be done Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 867; Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 341), 126 (ST 351); Halm Aesop No. 210; Roumania: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 93*.

J1032. J1032. Stag found by master when overlooked by servants. Hides under hay and escapes until master himself comes. *Type 162**; Jacobs Aesop 207 No. 30.

J1033. J1033. Gardener who plants vegetable tends it best. Wienert FFC LVI 74 (ET 391), 145 (ST 508); Halm Aesop No. 191.

J1034. J1034. Gods help those who help themselves. Ox driver must put his shoulder to the wheel before Hercules will help him. Wienert FFC LVI *78 (ET 440), 138 (ST 436); Halm Aesop No. 81; Jacobs Aesop 214 No 61. Cf. also Halm Aesop No. 300.

J1040. J1040. Decisiveness of conduct.

J1041. J1041. Impossibility of pleasing everyone. One must act therefore without awaiting everyone’s approval.

J1041.1. J1041.1. Weather to please one only. Attempt to please everyone with weather unavailing. Weather given therefore without regard to men‘s desires. Type 1830; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 218 No. 51; Wienert FFC LVI 83 (ET 495), 121 (ST 304); Halm Aesop No. 166.

J1041.2. J1041.2. Miller, his son, and the ass: trying to please everyone. Miller blamed when he follows his son on foot; when he takes the son’s place on the ass; when he takes the son behind him; and when he puts the son in front of him. *Chauvin II 148 No 2, III 70, 145, VIII 140; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 244 No. 541; Herbert III 420; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 577; Scala Celi 135a No. 745; Alphabet No. 765. -- England: Baughman; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1050. J1050. Attention to warnings.

J1051. J1051. Death‘s three messengers. Warns man by loss of appetite, loss of desire for drink, and sickness. Man does not recognize the messengers. *Type 335; *BP III 293; Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 267, 268.

J1052. J1052. Cranes disregard warnings and are killed. Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 315), 117 (ST 276).

J1053. J1053. Snake disregards warnings to improve his manners: eaten by crab. Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 99), 60 (ET 219), 89 (ST 13, 281); Halm Aesop No. 346.

J1054. J1054. Man disregards mother‘s warning and is punished. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

J1055. J1055. Man disregards priest’s warning and is punished. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

J1060. J1060. Miscellaneous aspects of wisdom.

J1061. J1061. Value depends upon real use.

J1061.1. J1061.1. The cock and the pearl: prefers a single corn to a peck of pearls. Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 28), 130 (ST 375); Jacobs Aesop 198 No. 1; Crane Vitry 157 No. 54; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1061.2. J1061.2. Baldheaded man finds the comb: it is useless. Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 29), 130 (ST 374).

J1061.3. J1061.3. Foolish dog finds treasure and dies rather than leave it. Wienert FFC LVI 57 (ET 182), 93 (ST 70, 434).

J1061.4. J1061.4. Miser‘s treasure stolen. Advised to imagine that his treasure is still there: he will be as well off as before. Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 503), 133 (ST 392); Halm Aesop No. 412; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 259 No. 201; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1062. J1062. Cure yourself before doctoring others.

J1062.1. J1062.1. Frog as beauty doctor unable to cure his own ugliness. Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 27), 57 (ET 179), 101 (ST 134); Halm Aesop No. 78.

J1062.2. J1062.2. Doctor unable to cure himself scorned. Chauvin II 227 No. 8; Wienert FFC LVI 73, (ET 384), 136, 138 (ST 424, 432); Halm Aesop No. 312; Babrius No. 2.

J1062.2.1. J1062.2.1. Bald man tries to sell hair restorer. Scorned. Penzer V 83f.

J1063. J1063. Pot calls kettle black.

J1063.1. J1063.1. Mother crab blames her children for not walking straight. Jacobs Aesop 211 No. 48; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1063.2. J1063.2. Drunk man makes sport of another man for being drunk. Wesselski Bebel I 184 No. 38.

J1064. J1064. Futility of trying to teach the stupid.

J1064.1. J1064.1. Raven killed by apes who will not receive his teaching that a shining stone is not fire. Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 95), 118 (ST 284); Bшdker Exempler 286 No. 34; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1071. J1071. Results of labor lost in a moment of procrastination.

J1071.1. J1071.1. After laboring to make a brazen head, artist loses labor in moment of procrastination. Dickson 211 n. 137.

J1072. J1072. Man to be judged by his own qualities, not his clothes.

J1072.1. J1072.1. Guests strike man who tries to interfere in their quarrel. It is their host in old clothes. Guests are humiliated but forgiven. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 415.

J1072.2. J1072.2. Rich Brahmin wearing poor clothing is treated as a beggar. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1073. J1073. Never use your entire resources.

J1073.1. J1073.1. Man who never does any piece of work so well that he cannot improve it. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 310.

J1074. J1074. Value of silence.

J1074.1. J1074.1. Parson’s apology for not answering challenge: I have never regretted silence but have often regretted speech. *Wesselski Arlotto II 265 No. 208; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 478.

J1074.1.1. J1074.1.1. Philosopher does not join in with gossipers. He is silent because he fears that some day he may talk too much and not be able to keep silent. Spanish: Childers.

J1074.2. J1074.2. Man does not court ugly woman: she might say yes. Therefore he keeps silent. Spanish: Childers.

J1075. J1075. Time renders all things commonplace.

J1075.1. J1075.1. Woman tests enduring power of gossip by having a servant ride through streets on a flayed ass. By the third day he has ceased to attract attention. She concludes that it will be the same way in connection with her intended marriage. Kцhler-Bolte II 571 No. 4; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1075.2. J1075.2. Fox is terrified on first seeing lion. The third time she meets him she has no fear. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1076. J1076. Futility of distant travel.

J1076.1. J1076.1. Man desirous of traveling sent six miles to deliver a letter. Told that he has now seen the world, for he will never see more than valleys, hills, fields, meadows, water, streets, cities, and villages. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 590.

J1081. J1081. Preciousness of untroubled sleep.

J1081.1. J1081.1. King buys spendthrift‘s bed. It must have been an extraordinary bed to permit a man with so many debts to sleep on it. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 503; Herbert III 128 No. 79, 170 No. 35; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1082. J1082. Futility of trying to hide an obvious deed.

J1082.1. J1082.1. Horn will tell the tale. Thus answers goat to herdsman who begs her not to tell master that he has broken off her horn. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 367), 102 (ST 154); Halm Aesop No. 17.

J1085. J1085. Money does not always bring happiness.

J1085.1. J1085.1. The happy friar becomes unhappier as he receives ever more and more money. Gets rid of money and is happy as before. *Type 754; *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 420; *Crane Vitry 162 No. 66; Herbert III 281; Alphabet No. 276; Scala Celi 80b No. 459; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 19; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 258 No. 204.

J1085.2. J1085.2. Possession of gold turns humble servant into arrogant one. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1085.3. J1085.3. King sees poor man far happier than himself. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1085.4. J1085.4. Poor man returns to the emperor all save enough for comfort: wealth would take happiness from his simple life. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1086. J1086. Ignoring the unpleasant. Wise man refuses to react to unpleasantness. “I don’t hear the unpleasant.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1087. J1087. Futility of expecting stranger to have one‘s interest at heart. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1088. J1088. When the sweet fails try the bitter. Man pleads with thief who is stealing his figs. When pleading fails he brings him down from tree with stones. (Cf. J1581.2, T251.5.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1100--J1699.

J1100--J1699. CLEVERNESS

J1100--J1249.

J1100--J1249. Clever persons and acts.

J1100. J1100. Cleverness.

J1110. J1110. Clever persons. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

J1111. J1111. Clever girl. **DeVries FFC LXXIII; *Chauvin VII 118 No. 387; Kцhler-Bolte II 602 No. 1; *BP III 202; Bloomfield JAOS XXXVI 65.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

J1111.1. J1111.1. Princess skillful in argument. Penzer VI 73 n. 3, 74f.

J1111.1.1. J1111.1.1. Princess skillful in pleading. Malone PMLA XLIII 408; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1111.2. J1111.2. Illegitimate daughter of trickster inherits father‘s ability to dupe others. Pierre Faifeu No. 43; Nouvelles de Sens No. 8.

J1111.3. J1111.3. Clever daughter-in-law. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1111.4. J1111.4. Clever peasant daughter. *Type 875, *BP II 349; **DeVries FFC LXXIII; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1111.5. J1111.5. Clever minister’s daughter. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1111.6. J1111.6. Clever maidservant. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1111.6.1. J1111.6.1. Clever slave girl. Jewish: Neuman.

J1112. J1112. Clever wife. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1112.1. J1112.1. Wife reforms wayward husband. Makes gift to husband‘s mistress so that she may receive him fittingly. Husband is shamed into reforming. Heptameron No. 38; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1112.1.1. J1112.1.1. Disguised real wife orders motley wear for her husband when he goes to fetch new bride-to-be: prospective father-in-law takes him for a fool and real wife reveals herself to husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1112.2. J1112.2. Wife dismisses maid who is husband’s mistress and tells him she has fled. Husband understands and reforms. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1112.3. J1112.3. Clever wife advises husband how to succeed on adventures. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1112.4. J1112.4. Wives prevent war by placing themselves and their children between two armies. Nouvelles de Sens No. 16.

J1112.5. J1112.5. Clever wife obtains secrets from husband by questioning him. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1113. J1113. Clever boy. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1114. J1114. Clever servant. (Cf. J1111.6, J1341, J1561.4, N25, P360, W111.2.)

J1114.0.1. J1114.0.1. Clever slave. (Cf. J1111.6.1.) Jewish: *Neuman. Cf. Aesop.

J1114.1. J1114.1. Man deceived by his hireling. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1855*.

J1115. J1115. Clever professions.

J1115.1. J1115.1. Clever gambler. Penzer IX 25 n. 1; Pierre Faifeu No. 10.

J1115.2. J1115.2. Clever physician. Penzer II 2 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross.

J1115.2.1. J1115.2.1. Physician decides that there is no need of purging one who drinks so many liquids. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1115.2.2. J1115.2.2. Physician removes pea from patient’s ear. Knocks him down and pea rolls out. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1115.3. J1115.3. Clever barber. Penzer III 99ff.

J1115.4. J1115.4. Clever tailor. *Type 1640; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “tailleur”.

J1115.5. J1115.5. Clever minstrel. Thien Motive 28.

J1115.5.1. J1115.5.1. Clever minstrel gets a new robe. Has tattered robe mended with scarlet. Ridiculed “I wish the rest of the robe were of the same material”. Is given one. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1115.6. J1115.6. Clever peasant. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 187b.

J1115.7. J1115.7. Clever merchant.

J1115.7.1. J1115.7.1. Clever merchant profits by being robbed. Monkeys steal his caps. Traps monkeys and sells them. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1115.8. J1115.8. Clever prostitute. Gives advice on many questions. Spanish: Childers.

J1115.9. J1115.9. Clever shepherd. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1115.10. J1115.10. Clever official.

J1115.10.1. J1115.10.1. Clever governor. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1115.10.2. J1115.10.2. Clever minister. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1116. J1116. Foolish person becomes clever. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 184ff. nn. 18, 95, 173--176; Irish myth: *Cross.

J1116.1. J1116.1. Clever madman. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1117. J1117. Animal as trickster. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 294.

J1117.1. J1117.1. Jackal as trickster. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1117.2. J1117.2. Coyote as trickster. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 294ff.

J1118. J1118. Clever bird.

J1118.1. J1118.1. Clever parrot. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1122. J1122. Clever younger generation.

J1122.1. J1122.1. Young crow‘s alertness. Crow advises young ones to fly away if they see man stooping for a stone to throw. Young crows: “What if he already has stone in hand?” India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1124. J1124. Clever court jester. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1130--J1199.

J1130--J1199. CLEVERNESS IN THE LAW COURT

J1130. J1130. Cleverness in law court--general. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1131. J1131. Maxims for use of law court. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1140. J1140. Cleverness in detection of truth.

J1140.1. J1140.1. Solomon able to detect truth without evidence of witnesses. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1141. J1141. Confession obtained by a ruse. *Chauvin VIII 89 No. 58; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 28.

J1141.1. J1141.1. Guilty person deceived into gesture (act) which admits guilt.

J1141.1.1. J1141.1.1. Largest part of a prize to go to the guilty man. In order to obtain the prize, he confesses the earlier crime. *Type 785; *BP II 149; *Chauvin VIII 101 No. 73; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 65 No. 9. Cf. American Negro: Harris Friends 160 No. 22.

J1141.1.2. J1141.1.2. “Thief has grease from stolen fowl on him”: thief begins to feel his beard and is detected. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.3. J1141.1.3. Creditor: “The destroyed bond was a cubit in size.” Debtor: “That is a lie; it was only a span.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.3.1. J1141.1.3.1. Stone as witness. Farmer will not pay servant wages due. Closing his bargain with the servant he had said: “May this stone be witness.” Judge orders stone brought to court. The farmer: “Oh, but the stone is too big (or very far away)”. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1549.

J1141.1.4. J1141.1.4. “Guilty man‘s stick will grow during night.” Guilty man chops end off stick. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.5. J1141.1.5. “Thief has the feathers sticking on his head”: guilty woman immediately passes her hand over her head. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.6. J1141.1.6. To decide which is master and which servant they are to put heads through window and servant’s head is to be cut off. Servant draws back. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.7. J1141.1.7. Which is man and which demon in man‘s shape? Decision to go to whichever can go through end of reed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.8. J1141.1.8. Accused woman to go three times around building naked: guilty one begins to strip off her clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.9. J1141.1.9. Thief persuaded detective can read thoughts: confesses. (Cf. N275.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.10. J1141.1.10. Queen flogs suspects telling them to produce stolen gem: thief promises to do so. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.11. J1141.1.11. Confession of debt secured by having defendant dispute as to whether cat was present when debt was made. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.1.12. J1141.1.12. B warns A not to tie his horse near B’s. Horses fight and A‘s is killed. In court B plays dumb. A says B could talk the day before, and repeats conversation. Judge blames A for not taking advice. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.2. J1141.2. Magician assigned three places at a table. He confesses to carrying two persons in his body. Wesselski Mдrchen 186 No. 1; Chavannes 500 Contes I 378.

J1141.3. J1141.3. Cheaters examined apart; first made to repeat paternoster. Others think that he has confessed and truth is discovered. *Herbert III 202; Oesterley No. 128.

J1141.4. J1141.4. Confession induced by bringing an unjust action against accused. False message to thief’s wife to send the stolen jewel case as bribe to the judge. She does. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 723, *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 78; Kцhler-Bolte I 535; *Wesselski Arlotto I 222f. No. 67; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.5. J1141.5. Detection of theft by finding bag-repairer. Two men are in a lawsuit and before witnesses seal the documents in a bag to await arrival of the king. One of the men cuts the bag open, changes the documents, and has a repairer sew it up again. On the king’s arrival the change is discovered. By having a fine carpet repaired the expert repairer is discovered. Confession follows. *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 70.

J1141.6. J1141.6. Thief‘s money scales borrowed. A man buries gold and a thief steals it. The owner detects the criminal. He takes some money to the thief and borrows money scales “to weigh so as to bury with the other”. The thief decides that he is detected and hastens to return the stolen money. *Wesselski Morlini 294 No. 43.

J1141.7. J1141.7. Thief suspected of crawling through hole must take off clothes. He is full of scratches and confesses. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 99, 280.

J1141.8. J1141.8. Silence points to guilt. Important man quarrels with commoner. Asks bystanders: “Who is right?” Silence. Newcomer states that the important man is wrong. “Had he been right the others would have said so.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1141.9. J1141.9. The guilty protests his innocence. Animals put to graze in man’s garden. Owner greets everyone with: “I know about you!” No one pays any attention to him except the guilty one who says: “I did not do it.” Confesses. (Cf. N275.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1141.10. J1141.10. Confession obtained by making thief fear for his life. (Told that crossbow would shoot guilty person as he passed before it.) Pierre Faifeu No. 22.

J1141.11. J1141.11. Detection through ruse. Husbands ask suspected priest to talk to wives on tithing, and thus obtain sufficient evidence to convict him. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 32.

J1141.12. J1141.12. Guilty man freed of murder charge is tricked into making a false accusation for which he is sentenced. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J1141.13. J1141.13. Witness always to answer “No.” Thus gets self condemned. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1141.14. J1141.14. Minister threatens divine punishment to thief in congregation. The thief confesses. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1141.15. J1141.15. The thief is tricked into revealing himself in church. England: Baughman.

J1141.16. J1141.16. The thief is tricked into betraying himself in supposed ordeal. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1142. J1142. Pseudo-scientific methods of detecting. *Penzer Poison-Damsels 75ff.

J1142.1. J1142.1. Test of mother by weighing milk. The one with the heavier milk the mother of the boy; the other of the girl. *Chauvin VI 63 No. 231; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 155.

J1142.2. J1142.2. Love detected by quickening pulse. A woman‘s adulterous love detected through her pulse quickening at mention of her lover. *Herbert III 268; Oesterley No. 40; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1142.2.1. J1142.2.1. Guilt detected by quickening heartbeat. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1142.3. J1142.3. Adultery detected by spit marks on the wall. Too high to have been made by husband. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1142.4. J1142.4. Thief’s corpse carried through street to see who will weep for him. *Type 950; *BP III 395ff.

J1142.4.1. J1142.4.1. Mother‘s weeping for thief made to seem natural.

J1142.4.1.1. J1142.4.1.1. Clever son falls from tree, so mother’s tears over dead body of father being carried through street will seem natural. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1142.4.1.2. J1142.4.1.2. Woman breaks milk jars so that weeping for thief will seem natural. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1143. J1143. Thief detected by building straw fire so that smoke escapes through thief‘s entrance. The secret hole into the building is thus discovered and the thief caught. *Type 950; BP III 395ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 200ff.; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1144. J1144. Eaters of stolen food detected.

J1144.1. J1144.1. Eaters of stolen food detected by the giving of an emetic. Italian Novella: Rotunda (J1142.4.); French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 24.

J1144.2. J1144.2. Animal thief of eggs detected when he comes to a spring to drink. All animals must tell why they are thirsty. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 27 n. 1.

J1145. J1145. Detection through aid of animal. Icelandic: Boberg.

J1145.1. J1145.1. Murderer detected by actions of murdered man’s dog. Attacks murderer whenever possible. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 434.

J1146. J1146. Detection by strewing ashes (sand). Trespasser (lover, mistress, ghost, fairy, etc.) leaves footprints in the ashes. *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt I 117ff., 221ff.; *Gaster Germania XXV 290f.; Fb “mel” II 570; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 510 No. 109, 526 No. 111, 810 n. 410.

J1146.1. J1146.1. Detection by pitch-trap. Pitch is spread so that footprints are left in it, or that shoe is left behind as clue. *Type 510; Cox 1-80, 87-104 passim.

J1147. J1147. Detection through feigned dream.

J1147.1. J1147.1. Husband relates his wife’s adultery in pretended dream. She dies from fright. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1149. J1149. Miscellaneous means of detecting.

J1149.1. J1149.1. Feigned madness unmasked by threatening man‘s child. Greek: Fox 123 (Odysseus).

J1149.2. J1149.2. Cheater discovered by fishing in the street. Man arouses the curiosity of the rascal who has swindled his wife. Type 1382.

J1149.3. J1149.3. Detection by disrobing in a dance. A man masking as a maiden has committed adultery with the queen. A clever girl by challenging him to disrobe in a dance exposes the imposture. *Wesselski Mдrchen 197 No. 7; Nouvelles de Sens No. 8; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1149.4. J1149.4. Urinalysis reveals coition as cure for illness. Treatment successful. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1149.5. J1149.5. Detection of guilt by smile. Buried money is stolen from blind man. Latter has boy watch and notify him when passerby smiles at him. The smiler is the thief. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1149.6. J1149.6. Thief detected by his answer to question. “How would you treat a woman who came into your possession?” Answer: “I would use her and then give her to the servants.” This reveals his true character. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1149.7. J1149.7. Thief posing as corpse detected by pricking soles of his feet. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1149.8. J1149.8. Magistrate detects thief’s complicity by associating cut hand with companion‘s severed head. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1149.9. J1149.9. Magistrate finds thieving innkeepers guilty of arson. Silver buckles are not melted by the fire. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1149.10. J1149.10. Truth detected by spies listening to reactions of defendants at night. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1149.11. J1149.11. Washing test: defendants given basin of water. Guilty one wastes it uselessly. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1149.12. J1149.12. Ninety-nine wise men and one fool ordered to pour milk into a tank all at one time: only the fool obeys. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1150. J1150. Cleverness connected with the giving of evidence.

J1151. J1151. Testimony of witness cleverly discredited.

J1151.1. J1151.1. Testimony discredited by inducing witness to talk foolishly.

J1151.1.1. J1151.1.1. Talkative wife discredited. Husband tells his talkative wife about treasure he has discovered. To discredit her report he tells her also of impossible things (woodcock in the fish net, fish in the bird trap, etc.). She repeats it all and whole story is disbelieved. Husband may keep his treasure. *Type 1381; BP I 527; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1151.1.2. J1151.1.2. Husband discredited by absurd truth. Wife puts fish in furrow where husband plows them up (or like absurdity). At mealtime the husband says, “Where are the fish?” -- “What fish?” -- “Those I plowed up.” He is laughed to scorn. Bйdier Fabliaux 196, 436; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1151.1.3. J1151.1.3. The sausage rain. (Or rain of figs, fishes, or milk.) A mother in order to discredit testimony of her foolish son who has killed a man makes him believe that it has rained sausages. When he says that he killed the man on the night it rained sausages his testimony is discredited. Chauvin VI 126, VIII 35, 69; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 184, 195, 204 Nos. 347, 383, 407; *BP I 527; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No 4; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1151.2. J1151.2. Witness claims the borrowed coat: discredited. Trickster summoned to court on Jew’s complaint refuses to go unless he has a new coat: Jew lends him his. In court the trickster says that the Jew is a liar: “He will even claim that I am wearing his coat.” The Jew does so and no one believes him. *Type 1642; *BP I 65; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 220ff. No. 54; *Chauvin VI 126 No. 280; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1642A; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1151.3. J1151.3. Testimony gradually weakened. Witness agrees to the following facts in succession: that the person relating the facts may have been in anger, that he may have misunderstood, that he may not have heard it at all. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1151.4. J1151.4. Testimony of unsuccessful suitor discredited. Adulteress is surprised in intrigue by unsuccessful suitor. He threatens to tell her husband. She tells her husband that the scorned suitor has accused her falsely of indiscretion with many men. When the suitor tells the husband he does not believe him. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1152. J1152. Witness cannot speak language of accusation: discredited. Two parrots taught accusation of mistress in a particular dialect. They know nothing more of the language. (Cf. G1154.1.) Chauvin II 93 No. 41; Bшdker Exempler 290 No. 44; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1153. J1153. Separate examination of witnesses discredits testimony. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 114.

J1153.1. J1153.1. Susanna and the elders: separate examination of witnesses. Testimony as to exact circumstances of her deed does not agree. Witnesses discredited. **W. Baumgartner Susanna, die Geschichte einer Legende (Archiv f. Religionswiss. XXIV 259--80); *Chauvin VI 193 No. 362; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 361f., Neuman.

J1153.2. J1153.2. To which of two men does woman belong? Only one can answer questions just as she has. Other discredited. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1154. J1154. Witness discredited by inability to tell details. (Cf. J1153.1.)

J1154.1. J1154.1. Parrot unable to tell husband details as to wife‘s infidelity. Wife has parrot describe a storm very realistically. Husband observes contrast in the two tales. (Cf. J1152.) *Chauvin VIII 35f. No. 3; Bшdker Exempler 286 No. 35; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1154.2. J1154.2. Witnesses to make image of diamond they claim to have seen. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1154.3. J1154.3. False witnesses cannot describe stolen jewel. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1155. J1155. “Then I woke up”: man discredits his confession by declaring it all a dream. *Type 1790; Wesselski Mдrchen 187 No. 2; *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XV 69f.; *Hilka and Soederhjelm Neuphilologische Mitteilungen (Helsingfors, 1913) 15ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1155.1. J1155.1. Confession discredited by claim to be notorious liar. (Cf. X905.) U.S.: *Baughman.

J1157. J1157. Bribed witnesses nonplussed when judge asks wrong question. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1158. J1158. Witness claims not to have seen crime.

J1158.1. J1158.1. Witness says that dust storm blew and shut his eyes so that he did not see. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1160. J1160. Clever pleading.

J1161. J1161. Literal pleading: letter of law has been met.

J1161.1. J1161.1. The three joint depositors may have their money back when all demand it. Money is left by three joint depositors subject to their joint order. It is stolen by one. When the banker is sued he agrees to give up the money when he receives joint order from all three. *Type 1591; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 113; Scala Celi 7b No. 46; Alphabet No. 139; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 21 No. 77; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1161.2. J1161.2. Pound of flesh. (Fleischpfand.) Literal pleading frees man from pound of flesh contract. Contract does not give the right to shed blood. Impossible, therefore, to carry out. *Type 890; Kцhler-Bolte I 211f.; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 172 No. 138; *Wesselski Mдrchen 252 No. 61; *Chauvin VIII 200ff. No. 245; *Taylor Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Fleischpfand”; Oesterley No. 195; Dunlop-Liebrecht 262; JEGPh. XXX (1931) 348--60; Shakespeare‘s Merchant of Venice; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1161.3. J1161.3. Trespasser’s defense: standing on his own land. Man has earth from his own land in his shoes. *Type 1590; Herbert III 507 No. 62; *Anderson FFC XLII 362 n. 1; Fb “ed” I 234, “jord” II 45b; Kьnssberg Jahrbuch f. hist. Vksk. I 120f.; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn V (1897) 443ff., (1934) 324ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1161.4. J1161.4. Money in the stick. Before swearing, the cheater hands a stick containing the stolen money to the man he has stolen it from. He then swears that he has repaid it. *Kцhler-Bolte I 137; *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 78; **Lewy ibid. XXXVII--XXXVIII 83; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman, *Gaster Exempla 210 No. 121a.

J1161.5. J1161.5. Literal penance: boy outwits pope. For three years not to drink wine, not to lie in bed, nor sleep with a prostitute. He goes to a convent, sleeps on eider down, and sleeps with the nuns. (God’s daughters). When the pope condemns him he says he will go to his brother-in-law (Christ: he has wedded God‘s daughters). (Cf. J1764.5.) *Fb “nonne” II 693; Danish: Kristensen Jyske Folkeminder VII No. 36.

J1161.6. J1161.6. Barber paid to change color of woman’s face burns her with acid. He has fulfilled contract. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 414.

J1161.7. J1161.7. Ruler forbids blacksmith to reveal solution of riddle unless he has seen him 100 times. Smith reveals the solution on receipt of 100 crowns bearing the ruler‘s likeness. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1161.8. J1161.8. Ruler orders doctor to wear his hair and his robe “not too long and not too short”. Has both his hair and his cloak cut half short and half long. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1161.8.1. J1161.8.1. Bishop orders priest to wear his beard and his robe “not too long and not too short.” Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 94.

J1161.9. J1161.9. Drunk philosopher wagers that he can drink the ocean dry. Agrees to do so if the other will hold back streams emptying into the ocean. Agreed to drink only the ocean. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1161.10. J1161.10. Man tells servant that he may have anything he can take with his teeth (eat). Servant takes master’s cape with his teeth. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1161.11. J1161.11. Thief makes it fall out that he has but taken what has been given him (he has followed literal instructions). India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1162. J1162. Plea by admitting accusation and discomfiting accuser.

J1162.1. J1162.1. Nurse‘s false plea admitted: child demanded. A nurse falsely demands pay for caring for a child which she says is the hero’s. In court: “The child is indeed mine; give him to me.” The child belongs to a peasant. Nurse confesses and is punished. Wesselski Mдrchen 229 No. 40.

J1162.2. J1162.2. Robbers‘ false plea admitted: counteraccusation. Robbers claim a man’s knife. In court: “The knife may indeed be theirs. I and my father were attacked yesterday by robbers. I fled. On returning I found my father killed and this knife in his body.” Robbers condemned. *Wesselski Mдrchen 229 No. 40. Irish myth: Cross (K448.1).

J1162.3. J1162.3. Own name inscribed on a stolen object as sign of property. Irish myth: Cross.

J1162.4. J1162.4. Clever pleading: youth in court for calling king a fool, proves truth of statement because king allowed self to be duped by alchemist. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1163. J1163. Pleading for accused by means of parable. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1164. J1164. Clever pleading: fighting for King of Kings. Knight hailed before king for fighting blasphemer, tells king that he would fight to protect the honor of the king‘s name so why not for the name of the King of Kings? Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1165. J1165. Plea by showing great temptation to crime.

J1165.1. J1165.1. Thieves tell judge walls of houses were so weak they could not resist temptation of breaking in. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1166. J1166. Plea by shifting blame to another.

J1166.1. J1166.1. Barber operating on child’s skin kills it: blames mother for child‘s thin skin. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1166.2. J1166.2. When royal mace-bearer is attacked he throws away mace: attackers accuse him of insult to king. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1169. J1169. Clever pleading--miscellaneous.

J1169.1. J1169.1. The woman with bad eyes. Physician called to doctor woman’s eyes bandages them and then steals things each day. She refuses to pay fee and is haled to court. She says that her sight is worse than ever for whereas she used to see many things in her house she now sees very little. Theft is thus revealed. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 20 No. 15; Wienert FFC LVI 39; Halm Aesop No. 107.--India: Thompson-Balys.

J1169.2. J1169.2. Bought behind the village. Lawyer declares unjustly that stolen horse has been bought and paid for. Angry farmer: “Yes, behind the village he bought and paid for it” (meaning that he stole it from the pasture). Lawyer pleads successfully that it is as well to buy a horse outside as inside the village. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 838.

J1169.3. J1169.3. Their assistance not asked. Knight attacks enemy contrary to orders. Part of army helps him and is killed. He disclaims responsibility since he had not asked their aid. Wesselski Bebel I 157 No. 86.

J1169.4. J1169.4. The ass beheaded. King vows to sacrifice first thing he meets. It is a miller driving an ass. Miller pleads that the ass preceded him. They behead the ass. Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 507, 733; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1169.5. J1169.5. The laughing ass. King has trickster‘s horse’s tail cut off. Trickster retaliates by cutting off part of upper lip of king‘s ass. At trial the animals are brought forth. Everyone laughs at the ass. Trickster: “If everyone laughs at the ass, how could the ass help laughing at her companion without a tail?” Freed. *Wesselski Gonnella 116 No. 12; U.S.: Baughman.

J1169.6. J1169.6. Receiver of stolen goods. A tailor makes a Jew a coat of stolen goods. Accused of theft, he says that the Jew has the cloth. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 257 No. 191.

J1169.7. J1169.7. Suit about the ass’s shadow. Man hires ass and driver for trip across plain. In the heat the traveler sits down in the ass‘s shadow. The driver pushes him away. Plea: he didn’t hire the ass‘s shadow. *Wienert FFC LVI 37; Halm Aesop No. 339.

J1169.8. J1169.8. The prophet’s first disciple. Judge demands that a pseudo-prophet show a miracle. Latter offers to cut off judge‘s head and resuscitate him. Judge agrees to be the first disciple. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 257 No. 197.

J1169.9. J1169.9. Three unlawful acts in killing one sheep: two lambs were inside. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1170. J1170. Clever judicial decisions.

J1170.1. J1170.1. Series of wise judgments settles quarrels of village. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1170.2. J1170.2. The Irish Solomon (Cormac mac Airt). Famed for his clever decisions. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1171. J1171. Judgment by testing love.

J1171.1. J1171.1. Solomon’s judgment: the divided child. Two women claim a child. Judge offers to cut it in two. Real mother refuses. *Frazer Old Testament II 570; *Goebel Jьdische Motive im Mдrchenhaften Erzдhlungsgut (Gleiwitz, 1932) 21ff.; *Gaidoz Mйlusine IV 313, 337, 366, 385, 414, 446, 457; *Kцhler-Bolte I 531; *Chauvin VI 63 No. 231.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “partage”; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 397; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 348 n. 1; West Indies: Flowers 479. Cf. Cook Group: Dixon 37 (child actually cut in two to settle dispute).

J1171.1.1. J1171.1.1. The ring to be cut in two and divided between quarreling persons: real owner laments the waste of the gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1171.2. J1171.2. Solomon’s judgment: the divided bride. Three suitors dispute over a woman. When it is proposed to divide her, true lover is discovered. *Type 653; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1171.3. J1171.3. The woman with two husbands is to be killed. One of the husbands refuses to bury her. She is awarded to the other. Type 926*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1171.3.1. J1171.3.1. Clever judgment: man must belong to the third wife because the first had buried him and the second did not protect him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1171.4. J1171.4. Which mare is mother of colt: colt taken in boat to the middle of river; mother will swim to it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1172. J1172. Judgment as rebuke to unjust plaintiff.

J1172.1. J1172.1. Not the same purse as was lost. Finder of a purse containing 800 gulden returns it to owner for reward. Latter says that purse had 900 gulden in it. In court. Decision: The rich man speaks truth. The purse found is not the one he lost. The finder may keep it. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 115; Chauvin IX 26 No. 15; Scala Celi 21b No. 135; Alphabet No. 650; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 44; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1172.2. J1172.2. Payment with the clink of the money. Man sued for payment for enjoyment of the flavor of meat when roasting. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No 48; Nouvelles de Sens No. 9; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 297.

J1172.3. J1172.3. Ungrateful animal returned to captivity. A man rescues a serpent (bear) who in return seeks to kill his rescuer. Fox as judge advises the man to put the serpent back into captivity. *Type 155; **Krohn Mann und Fuchs 38; **McKenzie MPh I 497ff.; Herbert III 14, 37, 54; *Kцhler-Bolte I 50; *Chauvin II 121 No. 109; IX 18 No. 4; *Gaster Exempla 268 No. 441; *Crane Vitry 201 No. 160; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 745; Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 293), 147 (ST 515); Halm Aesop No. 97; *Fb “utak”; Scala Celi 86b No. 502; Alphabet No. 706; Oesterley No 174; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 39. -Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 27 No. 15; Indonesia: Dixon 197 n. 36; American Negro: Harris Nights 274 No. 46; Africa: Milligan Jungle 98f., (Cameroon): Lederbogen 63.

J1172.3.1. J1172.3.1. Unjust claimant of woman duped into entering jar. Jackal as judge declares that real husband shall enter jar woman carries on her head. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1172.3.2. J1172.3.2. Animals render unjust decision against man since man has always been unjust to them. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Bushman): Honey South African Folk Tales (New York, 1910) 101f., (Tumbuka-Kamanga): Young Customs and Folklore of the Tumbuka Kamanga (Livingstonia, 1931) 233ff., (Shilluk): Oyler Sudan Notes and Records II 221f., (Tschi): Bellon Mitt. d. Sem. f. Orient. Spr. XVII (3) 20ff. No. 4, (Saho): Reinisch Die Saho-Sprache (Wien, 1889) I (5) 205ff. No. 17, (Senegal): Colin RTP I 140f., Zeltner Contes du Senegal et du Niger (Paris, 1913) 81ff.

J1172.4. J1172.4. Turtle released by man to carry him across stream. Threatens him midway. Fox to be judge. Feigns deafness and makes turtle come so near shore man jumps and saves self. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1173. J1173. Series of clever unjust decisions: plaintiff voluntarily withdraws. (1) Man pulls off borrowed horse’s tail: he shall keep horse till tail grows on. (2) Man falls out of bed and kills a baby (or causes a miscarriage): he shall beget a new baby for the mother. (3) Man falls from a bridge and kills boatsman‘s son: shall allow boatsman to fall from bridge and kill him *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 234 No. 515; *Kцhler-Bolte II 578; Penzer VI 83f.; *Feilberg Danske Studier (1920) 2ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 131 No. 1535A*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1173.1. J1173.1. Novel settlement of dispute. Judge orders woman’s second husband to return her to the first in the same condition as he received her (with child). Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1173.1.1. J1173.1.1. Novel settlement: snake‘s wife must wait to kill prince till princess bears as many sons as snake has. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1174. J1174. Clever decisions concerning kissing and rape.

J1174.1. J1174.1. Youth in court for kissing prince’s daughter pleads his love for her. Prince allows plea: “If we kill those who love us, what shall we do to those who hate us?” Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 120, 733; Alphabet No. 60; Mensa Philosophica No. 16; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 20; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1174.2. J1174.2. Complaint about the stolen kiss. Woman is allowed to take one in return. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 254 No. 173.

J1174.2.1. J1174.2.1. Man breaks promise to sleep chastely with woman. Decision: deceived fiance is to sleep with seducer‘s wife, if he ever marries. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1174.3. J1174.3. The girl screams when she is robbed. Accuses young man of raping her. When he tries to rob her of money she summons help. Decision: if she had shouted as loud before, the man could not have raped her. Youth acquitted. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 15; Herbert III 21; *Crane Vitry 242 No. 255.

J1174.4. J1174.4. Girls must pay for young man’s virginity. Girls repulsed by man climb in his window at night. Become pregnant and demand marriage. Branded as prostitutes and must pay the man. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 17.

J1174.5. J1174.5. Man‘s torn garment as proof of his innocence of rape. If he were the assaulter, the torn garment would be woman’s. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1175. J1175. Judgments concerning arson.

J1175.1. J1175.1. The cat in the warehouse. One of four companions is left in a warehouse to care for a cat which has a broken leg. Cat scratches self near flame and sets warehouse afire. The three must pay the one left behind. Broken leg could not walk and it was the three legs belonging to the three traders which caused the fire. *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 72; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1175.2. J1175.2. Intentional and accidental fire. Rich man wishing to get rid of a neighbor‘s tree sets it afire. Neighbor’s house catches and burns. Must pay four times value of tree since fire is intentional, but only actual value of house, since that fire was accidental. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 625.

J1176. J1176. Decisions based on experimental tests. Icelandic: *Boberg.

J1176.1. J1176.1. Pouring water into the inkwell. Soldier accused of stealing slavegirl from author. Girl told to pour water into an inkwell. She does it so skillfully that she must have learned it from the author. *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 72.

J1176.2. J1176.2. Measuring the dregs. Some full and some half-full wine casks left with man by neighbor, who accuses him of theft. Fraud of accusation detected by measuring the dregs. Oesterley No. 246; Herbert III 237; Ward ibid. II 239; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 45; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1176.3. J1176.3. Gold pieces in the honey-pot. Woman leaves honey-pot with neighbor to guard. It has gold below the honey. Neighbor steals the gold and substitutes honey. Theft proved by gold pieces sticking to sides of pot. (Cf. J1192.2.) Alphabet No. 261; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 58ff., 300f., *Neuman.

J1176.4. J1176.4. A two-headed man is only one man. Two-headed man claims double inheritance. Hot water poured over one head. Other head cries out with pain. He is declared to be one man and to merit only one share. Jewish: Gaster Exempla 206 No. 113, bin Gorion Born Judas III 73, 302, *Neuman.

J1176.5. J1176.5. True husband of woman determined by assigning superhuman task. Thus god masking as husband is discovered. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 247b; Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XVI 139.

J1177. J1177. Story told to discover thief. Judge tells story of the lady, her husband, her lover, and the robbers (H1552.1). Which was the most generous? Witness says that robber was. This shows that he has robber‘s point of view. *Type 976; Jewish: Gaster Exempla 206 No. 111, bin Gorion Born Judas III 97, 303; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1177.0.1. J1177.0.1. None should interrupt or leave the room while story is told: treachery revealed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1177.1. J1177.1. Story told to discover thief: sundry tales. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1179. J1179. Clever judicial decisions -- miscellaneous. Africa (Angola): Chatelain Nos. 10, 42, 49.

J1179.1. J1179.1. Damages for the field devastated by a flock. David says pay money damages. Solomon says let laborers have flock till milk and wool have paid the damages. *Chauvin VIII 99 No. 71; Irish myth: Cross.

J1179.2. J1179.2. The hog belongs to whichever place he goes of his own accord. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 121.

J1179.3. J1179.3. The short blanket must be patched. Weaver makes blanket shorter than ordered. Weaver ordered to add a piece to the blanket and then to receive full price. Bolte Frey’s Gartengesellschaft 110, 256.

J1179.4. J1179.4. Robber innocent because he is merely following traditions of his ancestors. Wesselski Bebel II 111 No. 39.

J1179.5. J1179.5. Servants would not have left the coats. Merchants complain to nobleman that his servants have robbed them of money. Nobleman asks whether merchants had on those good coats when the robbery took place. When told yes, he said that the robbers were not his servants, for they would never have left good coats. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 490; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1179.6. J1179.6. Thread awarded to disputant who knows what it was wound on. Zachariae Kleine Schriften 84; Alphabet No. 533.

J1179.7. J1179.7. Stolen necklace does not have same scent as defendant uses. Zachariae Kleine Schriften 57.

J1179.8. J1179.8. Tenant advised by landlord to steal in order to pay his taxes acquitted. Bolte Montanus‘ Gartengesellschaft 610 No. 67.

J1179.9. J1179.9. The judge pays fine himself. Tires of the bickering of two men over a trifling sum. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Spanish: Childers.

J1179.10. J1179.10. Enoch Arden decision. Man believing wife dead becomes a priest. Later finds her alive. Pope’s decision: he may remain both a priest and husband but must not consort with any other woman. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 42; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1179.11. J1179.11. Those who furnish equal number of animals for plow share equally in crop (in spite of amount of work done by each). India: Thompson-Balys.

J1179.12. J1179.12. Actual rescuer gets woman. Watchers could never have got her merely by watching. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1179.13. J1179.13. Cardinal‘s clever decision: that the monks who arise earliest may sound matins. There had been a great argument over this privilege. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1179.14. J1179.14. Eye of king’s foster-son damaged by sting of bee. Boy‘s friends demand eye of king’s son in forfeit; king decrees instead destruction of swarm of bees so that guilty one may perish. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1180. J1180. Clever means of avoiding legal punishment.

J1181. J1181. Execution escaped by use of special permissions granted the condemned.

J1181.0.1. J1181.0.1. Execution: man induced to kill self. King may not execute Brahmin, but gets him drunk and brings about his death. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1181.1. J1181.1. Execution evaded by using three wishes. King ordains that guest who turns his plate shall be executed, but orders that anyone so condemned shall have three wishes granted. One of the wishes: to have all blinded who saw him turn the plate. He is freed. *Wesselski Mдrchen des Mittelalters 230 No. 40; Herbert III 197; Oesterley No. 194.

J1181.2. J1181.2. Execution evaded by having three wishes granted: to be emperor, judge and the emperor‘s son-in-law during the last week of his life. As judge he frees himself and is in reality freed. Kцhler-Bolte II 651--57; Zs. f. Vksk. XV 222; Icelandic: Boberg.

J1181.3. J1181.3. Condemned man wins pardon by clever remark. Fool is allowed to jump off cliff (balcony) as punishment. Master expresses surprise that in three trials he has failed to hurl himself from the height. The jester offers the prince four trials. Amused prince pardons the jester. Spanish: Childers.

J1182. J1182. Punishment escaped by discomfiting condemner.

J1182.1. J1182.1. To be beaten by deceiver of husband. Lady has her women ready to give a trickster a beating. He is allowed to make one request. The one who has most often deceived her husband shall strike first. *Wesselski Gonnella 121 No. 16; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1183. J1183. Execution escaped by invoking laws of hospitality.

J1183.1. J1183.1. Prisoner has drunk water furnished by the king and thus becomes king‘s guest. Spared. *Chauvin VI 72 No. 238.

J1184. J1184. No second punishment for same offense.

J1184.1. J1184.1. Adulteress hurled from high rock escapes injury: she may not be punished again. Herbert III 211; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 3.

J1184.2. J1184.2. Ears not to be cut off a second time. Executioner discovers that the prisoner’s ears are of stucco, having been clipped for a previous offense. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1185. J1185. Execution escaped by story-telling. Cf. Browning‘s “Balaustion’s Adventure.”

J1185.1. J1185.1. Scheherazade: story with indefinite sequels told to stave off execution. *Chauvin V 190 No. 111.

J1189. J1189. Clever means of avoiding legal punishment--miscellaneous.

J1189.1. J1189.1. Youth will answer question only when king places him on throne: then youth calls executioners to punish cruel king. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1189.2. J1189.2. Execution escaped by threatening with malediction. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

J1189.3. J1189.3. King substitutes for condemned man when he is told that whoever is executed that day is destined to become king in his next birth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1190. J1190. Cleverness in the lawcourt--miscellaneous.

J1191. J1191. Reductio ad absurdum of judgment. *Chauvin VI 63, 231; *Zachariae Zs f. Vksk. XXX--XXXII 50 n. 2; *Wesselski Arlotto II 215 No. 73; India: Thompson-Balys; Oceanic: *Dixon 199 n. 37; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 197 No. 26.

J1191.1. J1191.1. Reductio ad absurdum: the decision about the colt. A man ties his mare to a second man’s wagon. The mare bears a colt which the wagon-owner claims, saying that the wagon has borne a colt. Real owner of the colt shows the absurdity (1) by fishing in the street or (2) by telling that his wife is shooting fish in the garden. Neither of these things are so absurd as the decision. *Type 875; **DeVries FFC LXXIII; India: *Thompson-Balys; Kцhler-Bolte I 460; *BP II 349ff., 371; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 212 No. 434; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1191.1.1. J1191.1.1. “The sea is on fire”--not more absurd than the decision about the colt. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1191.2. J1191.2. Suit for chickens produced from boiled eggs. Countertask: harvesting crop produced from cooked seeds. *DeVries FFC LXXIII 244; Jewish: *Neuman.

J1191.3. J1191.3. The funeral for the ineligible husband. A king awards a young woman to a gardener, who is already married. The young woman performs a funeral ceremony for him. The king is pleased with the jest and takes her into the harem. Chauvin V 245 No. 146.

J1191.4. J1191.4. To return the dead elephant alive. Hired elephant dies. Owner demands the live elephant. The god causes the elephant‘s owner to break pots of the other. Is unable to make specific restitution. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1191.5. J1191.5. Reductio ad absurdum of accusation: object-birth slander. (Later children tell toy animals to drink. No harder than for woman to bear objects.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1191.5.1. J1191.5.1. Impossible to eat pearls: also impossible for woman to bear animals (objects). India: Thompson-Balys.

J1191.6. J1191.6. Plaintiff in court beats thief since he had not warned him ahead of time to have witnesses to robbery. Judge has refused to inquire for lack of witnesses. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1191.7. J1191.7. Rice pot on pole, fire far away. As easy to cook rice thus as to warm a man at a distance from a lamp on a balcony. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1192. J1192. The bribed judge. *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 38; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1192.1. J1192.1. Judge awards decision to the greater bribe. *DeVries FFC LXXIII 263; Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 125, 128, 852, 853; Scala Celi 20a No. 122; England: Baughman; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1192.1.1. J1192.1.1. Buffalo has eaten up turban. Judge decides for greater bribe. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1192.1.2. J1192.1.2. Judge favors poor defendant so he may obtain money from rich without begging. Jewish: Neuman.

J1192.2. J1192.2. Error was in the honey. Trickster takes jar filled with earth but with honey on top as bribe to the judge. He takes the decision in writing. Cheat is discovered and judge sends message that an error has been made. Reply: the decision was right; the error is in the honey. (Cf. J1176.3.) *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 252 No. 170.

J1192.3. J1192.3. The bribed judge‘s ancestors. Clever animal says in court that she drops dung on ancestors of judges who take bribes (unless they confess). Judges confess. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1193. J1193. Clever interpretation of judge’s statement.

J1193.1. J1193.1. Killing the fly on the judge‘s nose. The judge has told the boy that he should kill a fly wherever he sees one. Type 1586; *BP I 519; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 271 No. 280; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 673; Fansler MAFLS XII 390, 435; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII 69 No. 4.

J1193.2. J1193.2. The value of a blow. A judge awards damages of a penny against a friend of his for giving a blow. The defendant goes to get the money and is gone long. Meanwhile the plaintiff gives the judge a blow and tells him to use the penny as damages. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 254 No. 172; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 718; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1193.2.1. J1193.2.1. The Court keeps the change. Man is fined half-ducat. Judge has no change. Defendant strikes judge for the change. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1195. J1195. Judge frightened into awarding decision. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1197. J1197. Judge finds offense is not great when it is his own son who is guilty. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1198. J1198. Pardon in return for confession.

J1198.1. J1198.1. King promises thieves pardon for confession: pleased with their cleverness. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1210--J1229.

J1210--J1229. CLEVER MAN PUTS ANOTHER OUT OF COUNTENANCE

J1210. J1210. Clever man puts another out of countenance.

J1211. J1211. Putting out of countenance by telling evil stories.

J1211.1. J1211.1. Peasant preaches about bishop’s amour. Bishop has instructed him to tell the truth and spare no one when he preaches. *Type 1825A; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 711.

J1211.1.1. J1211.1.1. Priest preaches about bishop‘s amour. Bishop has fined priest for incontinence. Priest hides and witnesses amorous intrigue between bishop and abbess, hearing bishop refer to the abbess’s charms in biblical similes. Priest incorporates overheard references in his introduction to the Mass and is asked for an explanation. Bishop returns his fine. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1211.2. J1211.2. Clever thief may keep booty. He has seen his victim in a disgraceful position and is allowed the booty as a price for his silence. *Kцhler-Bolte II 594; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 263 No. 236; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1211.2.1. J1211.2.1. The drunken officer‘s stolen mantle. Thief confronted by the officer tells all the circumstances of the drunkenness (with many shameful additions). The officer denies the ownership. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 239 No. 120.

J1211.3. J1211.3. Courtier having observed king’s amour shields him and gains pardon. Answers in clever proverbs when called on to say what he has seen. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1212. J1212. Judge put out of countenance.

J1212.1. J1212.1. The doubly-bribed judge. One of the disputants keeps the hens he is to give the judge in his hand and when the decision begins to go against him makes the hens cry out. *Wesselski Arlotto I 208 No. 48.

J1213. J1213. Thief exposes owner‘s unjust claim.

J1213.1. J1213.1. Complaint about the stolen ox. A thief steals a calf and keeps the hide. The owner makes a hue and cry about a stolen ox. The thief produces the calfhide: “You thief, to demand an ox for a calf!” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 209 No. 16, cf. 254 No. 177.

J1214. J1214. Absurd pretence, when allowed, puts pretender out of countenance.

J1214.1. J1214.1. Claim that dog-head captured game. Two hunters, one with dog and other with dog-head, dispute. The claim that the dog-head captured the game is allowed and then the alarm is raised that the owner of the, game is coming to punish the theft. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 243 No. 19.

J1216. J1216. Cheater put out of countenance by raising alarm. Wine seller carries water into his cellar. Man raises alarm pretending that he thought the house must be afire. Wesselski Bebel II 109 No. 31.

J1217. J1217. Worldly man puts religious man out of countenance.

J1217.1. J1217.1. One dueller fights with God’s help; the other with his brother‘s. First claims that the odds are unfair; second agrees that he will fight without his brother if the first will fight without God. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 312.

J1217.2. J1217.2. Simple holy man puts philosopher out of countenance when he says to him that wisdom came before learning. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1218. J1218. Thirty years old for twelve years. Man claims to be thirty; has been doing so for the last twelve years. Spanish, Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1221. J1221. Old man in love with young woman puts his critics out of countenance. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1223. J1223. Rebuke for telling a poor and long-winded story. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1224. J1224. Poet puts others out of countenance.

J1224.1. J1224.1. Poet is importuned by admirers. Vaults away from them saying: “You may tell me anything you wish--in your own homes! Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1224.2. J1224.2. Poet (Dante) puts ruler out of countenance. Ruler had instructed jesters to tease him. The poet cleverly answers his questioners pretending to have the impression that the questions are addressed to the ruler. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1230.

J1230. Clever dividing.

J1241. J1241. Clever dividing which favors the divider. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 481.

J1241.1. J1241.1. Dividing two sheep and a ram: trickster to divide with two friends. You two take one sheep; the ram and I will take the other. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 202 No. 399.

J1241.2. J1241.2. Dividing four coins among three persons. Two coins apiece given to two; other is to wait till two more coins are found. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 181 No. 339.

J1241.3. J1241.3. Dividing three fish among two men. Fools submit problem to trickster who solves problem by taking third fish himself. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 259.

J1241.4. J1241.4. Division of the fat and lean fowls. Two fat fowls and one lean one at meal. Hero is lean, his two hosts fat. He is to divide. One lean fowl for the two fat people; two fat fowls for the one lean man. *Wesselski Mдrchen 229 No. 40.

J1241.5. J1241.5. Dividing the eggs: one man‘s hand in the pot at a time. Trickster alternates hands so fast that the other man never gets to put his hand in. He finally puts his foot in the pan. Spanish: Childers.

J1242. J1242. Dividing by scripture quoting.

J1242.1. J1242.1. Hog’s head divided according to scripture. To be divided among three students according to their skill in quoting. First: ”And they cut one ear off“ (takes ear). Second: ”And they gave him a box on the ear“ (takes other ear). Third: ”And they took him away secretly“ (takes whole hog away). BP II 361.

J1242.2. J1242.2. Three men divide a large fish by quoting scripture. Spanish: Childers.

J1243. J1243. Inherited gold ring divided between three by selling it and dividing the money. Icelandic: Boberg.

J1249. J1249. Clever dividing--miscellaneous.

J1249.1. J1249.1. Dividing five eggs equally between two men and one woman. Three to the woman and one each to the men. Men already have two (testicles). *Fischer-Bolte 207.

J1250--J1499.

J1250--J1499. Clever verbal retorts (repartee).

J1250. J1250. Clever verbal retorts--general. Boccaccio Decameron Day 6 (Lee 176ff.); Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1251. J1251. Baffling malice with ready answers. English: Child I 20--22, 485, III 496, IV 440.

J1251.1. J1251.1. Humiliated lover in repartee with disdainful mistress. (Cf. K1225.1, K1326.1.) Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 64.

J1252. J1252. Quibbling answers. E.g., Where are you going?--Forward. Where are you going to cut the tree?--At the foot. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1254. J1254. Evading a direct answer which may trap one. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1255. J1255. Answering only ”yes“ and ”no“. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1260. J1260. Repartee based on church or clergy.

J1261. J1261. Repartee based on levity toward sacred persons and things.

J1261.1. J1261.1. Levity toward name of God.

J1261.1.1. J1261.1.1. God as a father-in-law. Nuns tell a man that they are daughters of God. ”Come and marry me; I should like such a rich father-in-law.“ Wesselski Bebel II 120 No. 60.

J1261.1.2. J1261.1.2. Why God has few friends. Priest consoles sick man by saying that God chastens those whom he loves. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 778.

J1261.1.3. J1261.1.3. Man barks his shins on dark night. ”By the great bugaboo! If I was the Almighty and had a moon, I’d hang it out on a night like this.“ U.S.: Baughman.

J1261.1.4. J1261.1.4. Farmer looks at his hay on ground after a rain: ”If I was a God, I‘d be a God and not a damned fool!“ U.S.: Baughman.

J1261.1.5. J1261.1.5. Woman causes disturbance in church, is carried out forcibly. She remarks. ”Well I am more favored than my Lord. He had but one ass to ride, while I have two.“ U.S.: *Baughman.

J1261.2. J1261.2. Disrespect for the sacrament. (Cf. J1269.5.)

J1261.2.1. J1261.2.1. The sacrament for sale. Sick woman calls the parson but recovers meanwhile He insists on her taking the sacrament and charges for it. ”Set it here on the table; perhaps I can sell it again.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 110 No. 36.

J1261.2.2. J1261.2.2. Distrusts God when he can be brought by a man. Priest offers to help peasant with ”the body of the Lord“. -- ”If God can be brought by a man, he is too weak to help me.“ Frey (ed. Bolte) *219 No. 10.

J1261.2.3. J1261.2.3. Priest may eat communion supper. Thief about to be hanged is told that if he truly repents he will eat Lord’s Supper in heaven. ”If that is true, won‘t you eat the supper for me; I’ll reward you well.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 186 No. 42.

J1261.2.4. J1261.2.4. Sacrament too precious to be bought. If that were so, says the apprentice, no one would have given it to you or me. *Wesselski Bebel I 124 No. 12.

J1261.2.5. J1261.2.5. Dante is accused of not kneeling before sacrament. Says that he had his mind on God and did not remember what his body did. If those who criticized him had had their minds on God they would not have noticed it. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1261.2.6. J1261.2.6. Priest bringing Host to dying man sees thief on his fig tree. Shouts vituperations at him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1261.2.7. J1261.2.7. Priest throws Chalice at owl. Says that he thought that the owl had stolen the Host. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1261.2.8. J1261.2.8. Priest carries the Host across a dangerous stream. Spectators tell him to thank God for not drowning. ”I helped Him across!“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1261.3. J1261.3. Will lunch with Christ. Priest tells condemned man after confession that he will dine with Christ that evening. Mule that carries him to scaffold goes very fast and criminal says, ”At this rate I shall lunch with Christ.“ Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 150 No. 1855*.

J1261.4. J1261.4. Blessing not worth a penny. Beggar woman asks pope for shilling and, being refused, for a penny. Finally asks for his blessing, which he gives. Old woman: ”If your blessing had been worth a penny, you wouldn‘t have given me that.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 344.

J1261.5. J1261.5. Will spend the funeral money now. King asks how much his funeral will cost. ”Give me the three hundred ducats now and when I am dead throw me into the Tiber.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 187.

J1261.6. J1261.6. Priest may use his own mother’s mass money. At his mother‘s funeral a boy takes the money laid on the altar for masses. When the priest objects, the boy says, ”When your mother dies you may take the money too.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 703.

J1261.7. J1261.7. Judgment Day a long way off. Thief told by monk that he must return stolen cloth on Judgment Day ”If I have so long a period of grace, I should like to take the whole monastery.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 783; Irish: Beal XXI 327, O’Suilleabhain 76; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1261.8. J1261.8. Monk‘s cordon cannot stand the strain. Franciscan claims that his cordon will save him from Hell. Benedictine answers that he once had a dream in which he saw St. Francis throw his cordon to save members of his order in Purgatory and so many clung to it that it snapped. (Cf. Q291.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1261.9. J1261.9. ”Better a live confessor than a dead martyr.“ So answers a preacher when asked whether he preferred to stay at home and confess his flock or go to war against the infidels. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1261.10. J1261.10. How does goddess with thousand faces blow her noses? India: Thompson-Balys.

J1262. J1262. Repartee based on doctrinal discussions.

J1262.1. J1262.1. Earthen cups replaced by golden. Emperor: ”God is a thief; he threw Adam into a sleep and then stole a rib from him.“ Emperor’s daughter: ”Would you call a man a thief who stole two earthen cups from you and replaced them by golden ones?“ Jewish: Gaster Exempla 196 No. 55, *Neuman.

J1262.2. J1262.2. God in the puddle. A Jew objects to the doctrine that God could exist in the Virgin Mary. A disputant asks if he believes God is everywhere; then if God is in a mud puddle. The Jew agrees. The disputant condemns the Jew for believing that God could exist in a puddle and not in a pure virgin. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 154.

J1262.3. J1262.3. Acting according to the note. A Jew slaps a Christian and tells him to turn the other cheek. The Christian beats the Jew, who says, ”You do not act according to your Gospel.“--”I am acting in accordance with the note.“--”The note is worse than the text.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 118 No. 56.

J1262.4. J1262.4. Levity regarding biblical passages. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1262.4.1. J1262.4.1. Levity regarding the paternoster. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1262.5. J1262.5. Parishioner hears preacher say that alms are returned ”100 to 1“. Chops down crucifix and takes money from box. Is told that such return would take place in other world. ”I won‘t need money then, but I can use it now.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1262.5.1. J1262.5.1. Whoever gives alms in God’s name will receive tenfold: preacher‘s wife gives sweetmeats away. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1262.6. J1262.6. ”You don’t blame a toolmaker for making all manner of tools, both harmful and helpful, so why blame God for making bad beasts as well as good ones?“ Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1262.7. J1262.7. Repartee: ”If you can‘t see the soul in the living man, how can you expect to see it in the dead?“ retorts wise man to atheist. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1262.8. J1262.8. Skeleton has all his ribs. Indian examines skeleton of man at museum, finds there is no rib missing, concludes that ministers have deceived him in telling him the story of Adam. U.S.: Baughman.

J1262.9. J1262.9. Three true faiths. Ruler trying to confiscate Jew‘s money asks him which is the true faith. ”There are three, the one which the Lord knows is right and the two his children think are right.“ (Cf. H659.5.1, J462.3.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda (J462.3.1.2).

J1263. J1263. Repartee concerning clerical abuses.

J1263.1. J1263.1. Repartee based on clerical ignorance.

J1263.1.1. J1263.1.1. Why ignorant priests are favored. They can always find patrons as ignorant as they are. *Wesselski Bebel II 100 No. 4.

J1263.1.2. J1263.1.2. Consecration of the ignorant priest. A bishop disgusted with priest’s ignorance says, ”Who consecrated you as priest?“ -- ”You did, the time I gave you ten florins.“ Wesselski Bebel I 221 No 114.

J1263.1.3. J1263.1.3. Priest who never reads mass. Peasants complain of his ignorance. He says that they stand so close to him that he is afraid they might memorize and then pay no attention to his reading of it. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 773.

J1263.1.3.1. J1263.1.3.1. Rushing through the mass. Two priests apply for the position of chaplain and argue as to which one can say the mass more quickly. One clinches the argument saying: ”You could not say it more quickly than I because I don‘t read half of it!“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1263.1.4. J1263.1.4. Christ’s disciples did not pass the examination. Ignorant student unable to pass his examination thus consoles himself. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 856.

J1263.2. J1263.2. Repartee concerning clerical venality. (Cf. J1192, J1263.1.2.)

J1263.2.1. J1263.2.1. Price of consecration. Bishop is paid 100 ova (eggs) instead of 100 oves (sheep) for consecrating man as priest. To bishop‘s protests the man answers, ”You should have refused to consecrate me. If I had been worthy I should not have had to promise oves or ova.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 221 No. 115.

J1263.2.2. J1263.2.2. Rich man shakes ducats into pope’s lap. Pope says, ”Who could withstand such an armored army?“ and decides for the rich man. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 346.

J1263.2.3. J1263.2.3. Priest refuses small bribe: only for large sum will he sell himself to devil. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No 547.

J1263.3. J1263.3. Christians have a merciful God. Jew so decides when he thinks of the scandalous life of the court of Rome. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 777; Boccaccio Decameron I No. 2 (Lee 2); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1263.4. J1263.4. Repartee concerning clerical luxury.

J1263.4.1. J1263.4.1. The abbot‘s luxury and the cardinal’s. Cardinal rebukes abbot for living in luxury beyond that of the founder of his order. Abbot asks cardinal if the cardinals of St. Peter traveled in the luxury he does. *Wesselski Bebel II 115 No. 48.

J1263.4.2. J1263.4.2. Man calls Saints Peter and Paul fools for enduring poverty if rich abbots can reach heaven, too. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1263.5. J1263.5. Clergy in no need of spectacles. Many do not pray at all, many know their prayers by heart, and the great prelates look through their fingers *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 514.

J1263.6. J1263.6. Choosing his confessor. Ruler explains: ”I want a lying priest so that if he repeats my confession he will not be believed.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1263.7. J1263.7. Confession made easy. Peasant sees priest at work in the fields. Tells him he wishes to confess. He is told to put money in the box and take the same penance as the year before. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1264. J1264. Repartee concerning clerical incontinence.

J1264.1. J1264.1. The church his wife. Priest accused of being too intimate with parishioners‘ wives says that the church is his wife and that the men treat her far more shamefully than he treats any woman. Bolte Frey’s Gartengesellschaft *253 No. 96.

J1264.2. J1264.2. Celibacy at the altar. Monk says, ”I vowed three things: poverty in the bath, obedience at the table, and celibacy at the altar.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 133 No. 100.

J1264.3. J1264.3. Father wears a crown but is no king. Priest‘s son is thus taunted. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 161.

J1264.4. J1264.4. During the silent period. Nun asked why she did not call for help when raped. She says, ”It was during the silent period.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 716.

J1264.5. J1264.5. Youth says he is associating with a pious person. He has nun as mistress. (Cf. J1161.5.) Wesselski *Bebel I 191 No. 58.

J1264.6. J1264.6. Nun claims her child is by the Holy Ghost. Defense accepted. Bolte Frey’s Gartengesellschaft *218 No. 6.

J1264.7. J1264.7. Multiplying his talents. Priest is entrusted with reforming five dissolute nuns. Gets all five with child. The priest is rebuked for not using his ”talents“ when tempted. He answers: ”God gave me five talents and I have added five more!“ (Pun on word talent.) Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 4; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1264.8. J1264.8. Unequal returns. Man at his lady‘s funeral says to priest: ”You enjoy them when they are young and then give them to us to bury. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1264.9. J1264.9. Abbess has twenty-four nuns for twelve monks: twelve nuns therefore for the guests. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 65.

J1265. J1265. Repartee based on church government.

J1265.1. J1265.1. Like Christ on Palm Sunday. Bishop has parson to dinner in the seat of honor. The parson fears that the dinner precedes punishment. Parson: “Don’t let me be like Christ on Palm Sunday in Jerusalem” *Wesselski Arlotto I 173 No. 2.

J1265.2. J1265.2. Priest offers to exchange places with the bishop when he is told that he is unfit to care for his parish. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 78.

J1265.3. J1265.3. The same company of fools. An abbot calls the monks together and asks, “Whom from all you fools can I appoint as steward?” A monk answers, “That should not be difficult since an abbot was found from the same company of fools.” Wesselski Bebel II 119 No. 58.

J1269. J1269. Repartee based on church or clergy--miscellaneous.

J1269.1. J1269.1. The parson‘s share and the sexton’s. During the sermon the parson bids the sexton see if anyone is coming. The sexton: “A man is coming with a wheel on his shoulder”--Parson: “God gives it to you.” -- Sexton: “Now a man is coming with half a hog on his shoulder.” -- Parson: “God gives it to me.” Type 1829*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1829*.

J1269.2. J1269.2. Man absents self from church because he does not like to hear people slandered. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 797.

J1269.3. J1269.3. Would be first in all things. Chaplain accused of being first to start all knavery thus defends himself. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 56.

J1269.4. J1269.4. Scolding priest says he is merely trying to get even for all the scolding he must undergo. Wesselski Bebel I 161 No. 96.

J1269.5. J1269.5. Transmutation of the quail. Bishop brought quail on Friday orders them cooked. Blamed. If he can turn bread into the body of the Lord why can he not turn quail into fish? Frey (ed. Bolte) 247 No. 85; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 100; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1269.6. J1269.6. The capon and the hen. Bishop refuses a favor to an abbess on the ground that he does not love her. Abbess: “I can well believe that. The capon never loves the hen.” Wesselski Mцnchslatein No. 59; Mensa Philosophica No. 115.

J1269.7. J1269.7. Praying before the King of Kings. Man while praying refuses to salute superior. While standing before the King of Kings he could not show respect to inferiors. Gaster Exempla 194 No. 45; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 617.

J1269.8. J1269.8. Robber‘s defense for stealing from rich. God will not permit them to enter heaven unless we take their ill-gotten goods from them. *Wesselski Bebel II 142 No. 131.

J1269.9. J1269.9. Who bore the Savior on his back? (St. Christopher.) Parishioner: “The ass, for he bore both the son and his mother.” Bolte Frey’s Gartengesellschaft 245 No. 81.

J1269.10. J1269.10. Mice die of hunger. Complaints against underpaid priest that he does not stay at home. Says he cannot stay at home for the mice are dying of hunger since he receives only forty florins a year. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 773.

J1269.11. J1269.11. Their own quarters need it more. Such is the answer given monks who insist that quarters occupied by the king and his train be reconsecrated. Wesselski Bebel I 189 No. 53.

J1269.12. J1269.12. Youth announces fire in imitation of priest‘s metaphorical language. The fire set by cat’s tail gains headway. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 21.

J1269.13. J1269.13. Cannot leave court of God: reply of saint when king invites him to court. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1270. J1270. Repartee concerning the parentage of children.

J1271. J1271. Eunuch visits augurer to see whether he is to be a father. “When I look at the livers, you are to be a father. When I look at you, I see that you are not even a man.” Wienert FFC LVI 40; Babrius No. 54.

J1272. J1272. The gift of the fool. Of three brothers the shoemaker makes shoes for the queen and princess; the tailor, clothes; the fool--children. Type 1548*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 654A.

J1273. J1273. Children by day and by night. Artist paints beautiful children but his own are ugly. One kind, he says, are made by day, the other by night. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No 412; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1274. J1274. His father has been in Rome. A young man comes to Rome who looks like the emperor. Latter asks him if he mother has ever been in Rome. No, but my father has been here often. (Not son but brother.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 502; Mensa Philosophica No. 3; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 15; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1276. J1276. The child born too soon.

J1276.1. J1276.1. Child born one month after marriage. Father-in-law to son-in-law: “Do like my grandson and you will always be ahead of others.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1276.2. J1276.2. Too much for his income. Child born two months after marriage. Husband returns wife to her father (uncle) saying: “I can’t afford a child every two months.” Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1276.2.1. J1276.2.1. Child born on wedding night. Groom leaves. Can‘t afford a child every time he lies with his wife. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 29; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1279. J1279. Repartee regarding the parentage of children--miscellaneous.

J1279.1. J1279.1. Plea for a good father. Mother of twelve on deathbed explains to family that not all her children are legitimate. Gives the paternity of each child. Youngest leaves his food to say: “Please, mother, give me a good father!” (Cf. J325.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1279.2. J1279.2. Even God can overdo it! Returning sailor finds his hovel transformed into a fine house. “Where does all this come from?” Wife: “God’s bounty.” Illegitimate child greets mother. Same question, same answer. Sailor: “I don‘t want God to help me so much!” Italian Novella: *Rotunda

J1279.3. J1279.3. Suitor hesitates to marry girl as immature (or too delicate). Girl’s father protests, saying that she has had three children. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1279.4. J1279.4. In numbers there is strength. The children of the Genoese are strong because there is more help. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1280. J1280. Repartee with ruler (judge, etc.).

J1281. J1281. “If I were a tyrant you would not say so.” Answer made by emperor to one who calls him a tyrant. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 733; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1282. J1282. Trickster chooses his gift. To be rewarded by ruler with a coin, an ass, a sheep, or a vineyard. Answers that he will take the coin, mount the ass, drive the sheep into the vineyard, and there pray for the ruler. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 237 No. 523.

J1283. J1283. Gifts from the brothers. A king gives a man a coin. “Is that all you give your brother?” “Are you my brother?” “Surely, we both pray, Our father, etc.” “If all your brothers give you as much as I you will be rich.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 517.

J1284. J1284. Do not leave it to your successor. A widow stops a ruler on his way to war. He may be killed and he should not leave the act of justice as a credit to his successor. *Chauvin VIII 204 No. 246; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1284.1. J1284.1. Show me how it is done. Wronged woman thus addresses ruler, who is indifferent to insults directed at him. She wishes to be shown how to bear insults. This rebukes him. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1284.2. J1284.2. Cease being a king. A widow asks justice of a king. The latter says that he is too busy to hear her. “Then cease being a king,” replies the widow. Her bold reply wins an audience with the king. Spanish: Childers.

J1285. J1285. Against his will. A thief condemned to the gallows tells the king, “I do what you do and it is against my will.” King: “You shall also be hanged against your will.” *Basset 1001 Contes I 507.

J1286. J1286. His proper title. A peasant goes to a judge and thinking to gain his favor addresses him with high titles. The judge calls him a fool. “I was mistaken, you swine!” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 262 No. 223.

J1289. J1289. Repartee with ruler (judge, etc.)--miscellaneous.

J1289.1. J1289.1. Not a locksmith. A judge asks a pseudo-prophet to prove his powers by opening a difficult lock. “I am a prophet, not a locksmith.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 258 No. 198.

J1289.2. J1289.2. Bishop and prince. Peasant tells bishop, who rides by with forty horses, that he wonders if St. Kilian at Wьrzburg is also riding with forty horses. Bishop excuses extravagance by saying that he is also a prince and that it is the prince, not the bishop, who is using the horses. “If the prince should become a fool, what would the bishop do then?” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 158.

J1289.3. J1289.3. Will not try to correct them. Pope calls persistent courtier a fool. Latter says that there are people who call the pope the same thing and that he for one will not try to correct them. Frey (ed. Bolte) 222 No. 17.

J1289.4. J1289.4. The needy philosopher. Philosopher asks ruler for money Ruler says that philosophers do not need money. Philosopher: “If I am rewarded, I will say that you are right; I will no longer need money.” Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1289.5. J1289.5. Wearing all his clothes. Shivering king (rich man) to tattered peasant: “Aren’t you cold?” Peasant: “No, if you wore all your clothes as I do, you wouldn‘t be cold either!” Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1289.6. J1289.6. The prince’s excuse. King to son who has been accused of rape: “I never did anything like that.” Prince: “Your father was not king!” King: “Your son will never be one if you keep that up!” Spanish: Childers; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1289.7. J1289.7. Shoemaker speaks ill of lord‘s rule. Lord takes his tools away from him. Shoemaker begs for them saying that he cannot carry on his business without them. Ruler: “I thought ruling was your business so I took your tools to learn shoemaking.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1289.8. J1289.8. One ear saved for other litigant. Judge stops up one ear while first litigant presents his case. He is saving one ear for the second litigant. Spanish: Childers.

J1289.9. J1289.9. Seek harmony in your own house. King brought to sense of duty by philosopher who tells him to seek harmony in his own house before inquiring about the harmony in his kingdom. Spanish: Childers.

J1289.10. J1289.10. King cannot destroy the city. A philosopher of the city came to him asking mercy for it King said he would do nothing he asked. Philosopher then asked him to destroy the city. This saves the city. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1289.11. J1289.11. Man, fined for sabbath-breaking, asks for receipt, explains that if God asks for it, he will not have to journey to hell to get it from the judge. U.S.: Baughman.

J1289.12. J1289.12. Man is arrested for drunkenness; he is so drunk that trial must be postponed. When he is tried later, he is told how at the earlier trial he had kept repeating that the judge was a very wise judge. When he hears this he admits that he must have been very drunk. U.S.: Baughman.

J1289.13. J1289.13. Weaver hearing of tax for every doorway of weavers takes his door to the khan: will not return for the sidewalls of his house. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1289.14. J1289.14. Gem offered by monarch to one who can first go around the kingdom. Trickster goes around king and says king is kingdom. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1289.15. J1289.15. Thief serves king buffaloes he has killed in hunt and lost; thus reproaches king’s wastefulness. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1289.16. J1289.16. Hairless palms from giving and receiving gold. Jester flatters prince for bounty. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1289.17. J1289.17. Emperor: “What people have the biggest bellies?” Jester answers: “The landlords.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1289.18. J1289.18. Holy man asked by king for the heart of religion answers: “You are sitting on your throne and I‘m sitting on the ground, so how can I tell.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1289.19. J1289.19. Tailor caught resting his head on royal robe while he rests tells king there is no better resting place for king’s robe, for “the head is the king of the body.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1289.20. J1289.20. King to smoker: “Even donkeys will have nothing to do with tobacco.” Smoker: “Donkeys don‘t know how to enjoy themselves.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1290. J1290. Reductio ad absurdum of question or proposal.

J1291. J1291. Question answered by absurd counterquestion.

J1291.1. J1291.1. Black beans, white soup. Question: How can black beans make a white soup? Answer: How can a white whip on the naked flesh make black welts. *Wesselski Arlotto II 252 No. 168.

J1291.1.1. J1291.1.1. Why is it that black cow eats green grass, gives white milk and yellow butter? Answer: The same reason blackberries are red when they are green. U.S.: Baughman.

J1291.2. J1291.2. Theological questions answered by propounding simple questions in science. Where was God before he made heaven and earth? and the like answered by “Why a louse bite raises a blister, a flee bite raises a swelling, and a gnat bite is unnoticeable?” If you cannot answer such simple questions how can you pry into God’s secrets. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 97.

J1291.3. J1291.3. How many priests should one have in one place? How many fox tails will reach to heaven? All depends on the length of the tails. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 96.

J1291.3.1. J1291.3.1. How much cloth would it take to make God‘s coat? Just as much as for me, for what you have done for a poor person in my name you have done for me. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 325.

J1291.4. J1291.4. “In this sesame flower where is the oil?” “When your mother conceived where were you?” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1292. J1292. Tide inquires whether moon is up. Minnow seeing absurdity of question (since tide could not be up without the moon) tells the tide to wait till he gets a drink and he will tell. Africa (Vai): Ellis 200 No. 17.

J1293. J1293. Reductio ad absurdum of proposal.

J1293.1. J1293.1. Little bird as large bird’s mate. A large bird wishes to mate with a little bird. The latter says that she is going to swallow a large eel. The large bird sees the absurdity of his proposal. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 104.

J1293.1.1. J1293.1.1. Absurdity: sea (river) is on fire. Not more absurd than crow claiming swan as wife. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1293.2. J1293.2. If his head is taken off other punishments do not matter. Judge shows criminal mercy: he will not punish him as he deserves, only take off his head. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 82.

J1293.3. J1293.3. Turning king into Brahmin like turning donkey into horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1293.4. J1293.4. Pot full of milk as sign that city is full of fakirs; flower on top of milk not disturbing it as sign that one more will not matter. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1293.5. J1293.5. All appurtenances included. Butcher buyer demands saddle and ornaments along with camel (or the like). Seller later buys all heads in butcher shop: demands heads of butcher’s family. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1300. J1300. Officiousness or foolish questions rebuked. Irish myth: Cross.

J1301. J1301. How he shall be mourned. Women insist on knowing how a man wants to be mourned when he dies. “Mourn me as a man who was tormented by women talking foolishness.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 232 No. 86.

J1302. J1302. The overloaded mule. Priest complains that miller‘s mule is overloaded. “No, he isn’t; he can still carry all your and your brothers‘ patience.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 473.

J1303. J1303. Aesop with the lantern. Aesop goes for fire to a neighbor’s in the daytime and lights a lantern so as to bring the fire back. Fool asks him what he is hunting for with the lantern in the daytime. “I seek a man” (not a busybody). *Wienert FFC LVI 38, 40; Italian Novella: Rotunda (J1442.11).

J1304. J1304. Why the black clothes. A man goes forth in black clothes. People are curious as to the reason. “I am wearing mourning for the father of my son.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 211 No. 27.

J1305. J1305. How the tail pointed. One who believes in auguries asks peasant woman if she has seen a bird. “Yes, a crow.” And in what direction was his tail pointing?“ Answer: ”Toward the rear!“

J1306. J1306. How marriage was consummated. Mother asks newly-wedded daughter if she approached her husband the first night. Answer: ”He approached me.“ Spanish: Childers.

J1309. J1309. Officiousness or foolish questions rebuked--miscellaneous.

J1309.1. J1309.1. Man asks naked Indian if he is not cold. Indian asks if man‘s face is cold. Man replies that it is not. Indian replies: ”Me all face!“ U.S.: *Baughman.

J1309.2. J1309.2. ”How often do you kill your ducks?“ Answer: ”Only once.“ England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1309.3. J1309.3. ”Where did dirt go when canal was dug?“ Disgusted father-in-law: ”I have eaten half and your father half, to have such a fool son-in-law.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J1310. J1310. Repartee concerning wine.

J1311. J1311. What is wanted, not what is asked. A servant is so trained that when the host asks for wine from a good cask he brings it from a cheap one. When the guest objects, the host says that the servant brought not what was asked for but what was wanted. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 370.

J1312. J1312. The watered wine.

J1312.1. J1312.1. Serve the water and the wine separately. Server of diluted wine thus taunted. *Wesselski Bebel II 108 No. 29.

J1312.2. J1312.2. Washed in the Rhine. Server of diluted Rhine wine thus taunted. Wesselski Bebel II 108 No. 29.

J1312.3. J1312.3. Baptized wine. Christ’s making wine from water has made all landlords try to do it too. Man prefers Jewish wine to the baptized kind. *Wesselski Bebel I 169 No 3.

J1313. J1313. Old wine. Man given his choice of old or new wine says, ”We must honor old age.“ Wesselski Bebel I 163 No. 100.

J1314. J1314. The road to Heaven. To doctor: ”If this is the way to get to Heaven (drinking) I don‘t want to know any other!“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1315. J1315. Points of view. Man to friend who drinks very little: ”If everyone drank as you do, wine would be cheap.“ Answer: ”On the contrary, it would be expensive because I drink all I want.“ Spanish: Childers; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1316. J1316. Very small to be so old. Guest criticizes host’s small serving of wine which he said was six years old. Spanish: Childers.

J1317. J1317. Small jug preferred. Man asks that large jug be filled with wine. Is told to go to the river. Is accommodated when he presents small jug. (Cf. L251.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1318. J1318. Wine gives ambassador courage to address Pope. ”Another drink and I could have slapped his face!“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1319. J1319. Repartee concerning wine--miscellaneous.

J1319.1. J1319.1. Man says: ”I do love my enemies and I have great affection for them that hurt me.“ (Enemies are rum and hard cider.) U.S.: Baughman.

J1320. J1320. Repartee concerning drunkenness.

J1321. J1321. The unrepentant drunkard.

J1321.1. J1321.1. Where did he get the wine? Father shows drunkard son a drunk man being mocked on the street. Instead of taking it as a warning the son says ”Where does one get such good wine?“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 21, 814; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 115, 344, *Neuman.

J1321.2. J1321.2. Though old woman is made to believe she is in hell she calls for drinking companions. *Wesselski Bebel I 230 No. 142.

J1322. J1322. The great thirst.

J1322.1. J1322.1. Will take care of the thirst. Doctors consult how to rid fever-stricken drunkard of his great thirst. ”You take care of the fever; I shall take care of the thirst.“ *Wesselski Arlotto II 267 No. 217; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1322.2. J1322.2. Sleeping on salt. Priest blamed for large amount of wine he drinks tells people to consider his great thirst. He has slept on a sack of salt and has enough thirst for a week. *Wesselski Arlotto I 208 No. 45.

J1323. J1323. Should have brought him drink. Drunkard‘s wife takes him when he is drunk to a tomb and, masking as a ghost brings him food. ”If you had known me better you would have brought me drink.“ Wienert FFC LVI 38; Halm Aesop No. 108.

J1324. J1324. Stung by the goblet. Doctor tells drunkard, ”The goblet has stung you.“ ”If I had known that I would have drunk out of a glass.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 234.

J1330. J1330. Repartee concerning beggars.

J1331. J1331. Persistent beggar invited upstairs. A beggar will not come in but insists on the man coming down to the door. When he asks alms the man bids him come upstairs. Then he says he has nothing for him. ”You made me come down for nothing; I make you come up for nothing.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 238 No. 113.

J1332. J1332. Beggar wants bread. A numskull tells his mother that a beggar is below asking for bread. Mother: ”Tell him I am not at home.“ Numskull: ”He doesn’t want you, he wants bread.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 239 No. 528.

J1333. J1333. Prove me a liar. Beggar: ”Good day, you stingy fellows.“ They: ”We are not stingy fellows.“ Beggar: ”Then give and prove me a liar.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 202 No. 397.

J1334. J1334. Beggar tells stingy to go beg. They say they have no meat, no bread, no wine, etc. ”Then go beg; you have more need than I.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 236 No. 519.

J1337. J1337. Beggar claims to be emperor‘s brother. (All men are descended from Adam.) Emperor gives him small coin. Beggar protests. Emperor: ”If all your brothers gave you that much you would be richer than I.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1338. J1338. Asking costs nothing. So says beggar who asks goldsmith to plate his club with gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1340. J1340. Retorts from hungry persons. Irish myth: Cross; U.S.: Baughman.

J1341. J1341. Retort from underfed servant (child). India: Thompson-Balys.

J1341.1. J1341.1. Softening bread-crusts. An avaricious master feeds bread-crusts to his servants. ”The crusts are already getting soft.“ Type 1567.

J1341.2. J1341.2. Asking the large fish. Parents serve boy a small fish and keep back a large one for themselves. Knowing this, the boy puts the fish to his ear. He says that he has asked the fish a question; the fish cannot answer but tells him to ask the large fish under the bed. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 247 No. 158; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 700; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1565; Italian Novella: Rotunda; L. Schmidt Oesterr. Zs. f. Vksk. 1954, 134.

J1341.3. J1341.3. A dog to scent the rice. Given very thin rice soup, wit inquires about the master’s dogs. ”He should have one to scent the rice in this soup.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 259 No 206, Arlotto II 75 No. 105.

J1341.4. J1341.4. Two eggs. Widow serves tailor one egg. He sings, ”One egg, one egg.“ She decides one egg is not enough and serves him two next time. He then sings ”Two eggs are two eggs.“ He is next given two eggs and a sausage, etc. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 142 No. 1715.

J1341.5. J1341.5. Hungry apprentice attracts master‘s attention by telling lies on him. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 143 No. 1718, Keller.

J1341.6. J1341.6. Hungry shepherd attracts attention. He tells of a cow with four teats who bore five calves. They ask what the fifth calf does while the other four are nursing. ”It looks on just as I am doing now.“ Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 134 No. 1555.

J1341.7. J1341.7. Stingy innkeeper cured of serving weak beer. She always gives the servants a pitcher of weak beer before meals so as to fill them up. One of them: ”I wash out my insides so as to have more room for food.“ She changes her practice. Type 1566*.

J1341.8. J1341.8. The little lumps of sugar are sweeter, says the hostess. The servant says that he doesn’t like sweets and takes the large lumps. Type 1389*.

J1341.9. J1341.9. Hungry son gets cherries. He slaps another son, and explains that the other boy was saying that he would not get any of the father‘s cherries. The father shares the cherries. Spanish: Childers.

J1341.10. J1341.10. Hungry student gets meat. By telling a mewing cat that it could not yet have the bones because no meat has been served him, a collegian calls attention to an oversight on the part of a servant. Spanish: Childers.

J1341.11. J1341.11. Hired men sing of displeasure with food; change song when food is improved (cante fable). The Westmoreland text follows:

(Mowers sing this very slowly, mow in tempo)

Curds and whey, Iv-ve-ry day

(After the food is improved they sing and work in tempo)

Ham and eggs, mind thy legs.

(Cf. K1546.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1341.12. J1341.12. Hired man shows in saying grace how better food has resulted from arrival of unexpected guests. Nebraska text:

O Lord of Love who art above

Thy blessings have descended:

Biscuits and tea for supper I see

When mush and milk was intended.

U.S.: *Baughman.

J1342. J1342. Prayer over the underdone hen. A guest is seen uttering a prayer before an underdone hen at the table. ”She must be a goddess turned into a hen, for she has been over the fire and spared.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 193 No. 378.

J1343. J1343. The liking for food and drink.

J1343.1. J1343.1. The best music. What music do you like best? The sound of plates and spoons. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 244 No. 133.

J1343.2. J1343.2. Before, during, and after. A priest, asked when he would have certain choice wine served, before or after the meal, replies, ”The holy Mary was Virgin before, during, and after the birth.“ *Wesselski Arlotto I 202 No. 33.

J1344. J1344. Unwelcome guest tells about the hidden food. Having seen his hostess hide it, he tells about it in the form of a tale. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 10; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1345. J1345. Why he did not eat the bread. When host inquires, he replies, ”If thou be the son of God, command that these stones be made bread.“ Mensa Philosophica No. 171.

J1346. J1346. Maid rebukes pilgrim for eating too much. ”If both of us had been present at the miracle of the loaves and fishes you would have eaten me too!“ Pilgrim: ”I wouldn’t have eaten you but I would have chewed on you a bit!“ Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 83; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1350. J1350. Rude retorts. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1351. J1351. Women call each other prostitutes.

J1351.1. J1351.1. Prostitutes wander. A woman having given her cook leave of absence for the next day asks her what day it is. ”Saturday.“ ”No, it is the day on which the prostitutes wander.“ The cook: ”Yes, from one prostitute to another. Today I am with you, tomorrow with your sister.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 160.

J1351.2. J1351.2. The envious accuser. A woman accuses another of being a harlot. The second: ”You would like to be in my place but no one wants you.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 127 No. 83.

J1352. J1352. Person calls another an ass.

J1352.1. J1352.1. The burden of two asses. A king and his son hunting on a hot day put their fur coats on the fool‘s back. King: ”You have an ass’s load on you.“ Fool: ”Rather the burdens of two asses.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 239 No. 527; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1352.2. J1352.2. Age is relative. Young rival derides old one for his age. Oldster: ”An ass of twenty is older than a man of seventy.“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1353. J1353. Whom it concerns. There is someone carrying a goose. How does that concern me? He is carrying it to your house. How does that concern you? *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 231 No. 497.

J1354. J1354. Not in his line of business. At market a man enquires of another: ”How is the moon, three-quarters or full?“ ”I don‘t know. I have neither bought nor sold one.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 209 No. 17.

J1355. J1355. The one exception. ”You are a good man; there is not your equal on the earth. You have everything for yourself alone; only your wife is public property.“ Wesselski Bebel II 135 No. 104.

J1356. J1356. The flatterer’s retort. Two men meet a homely girl. One of them: ”Who wouldn‘t call that girl pretty?“ The girl overhears and says, ”No one would say it of you.“ The man: ”Anyone might say it who would lie as I have lied about you.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 148 No. 155; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1357. J1357. Ancient and modern ancestors. To a prince who boasted that he was descended from the Trojans a doctor replies: ”My people are of Nurenberg. Everyone knows who they are; but of the Trojans no one knows anything except that Aeneas was a traitor and Romulus a robber.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 114 No. 46.

J1358. J1358. No thanks to the messenger. A messenger tells a man that he has a newborn son. ”Thanks are to God, but I am not beholden to you for it.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 223 No. 59.

J1361. J1361. Monk says that he is a stallion. In reply to women’s taunts he boasts of his powers. A woman calls on the devil to come and ride him. Bolte Frey 253 No. 97.

J1363. J1363. Too late for the same advice. Impoverished spendthrift sarcastically to thrifty person: ”Stop spending so freely!“ ”It‘s too late to give you the same advice.“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1364. J1364. To be rewarded by his kind. Unworthy person is rewarded. Asks worthy one: ”Why is it that I am rewarded and you are not?“ Answer: ”Because you have found more of your kind that I have of mine.“ (Also told of Dante and a minstrel.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1369. J1369. Rude retorts--miscellaneous.

J1369.1. J1369.1. Man decides to spend 100 florins to become known. Friend: ”You had better spend 200 so as to not be found out.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1369.2. J1369.2. The prodigy’s retort. An old man says of a youthful prodigy: ”He will be an idiot in old age because perfection before maturity brings on deterioration of the mind.“ Youth: ”You must have been very wise in your youth!“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1369.3. J1369.3. Two men meet in narrow passage. One says: ”I do not give every coxcomb the wall!“ The other says: ”I do, sir!“ England: Baughman.

J1369.4. J1369.4. Person asks: ”Whose fool are you?“ Answer: ”I am the Bishop of Durham‘s fool; whose fool are you?“ England: *Baughman.

J1369.5. J1369.5. Why soldier is silent before king: is always so when questioned by stupid person. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1370. J1370. Cynical retorts concerning honesty.

J1371. J1371. The account-book of mistakes. A king, hearing that a man keeps an account-book of people’s mistakes asks to see about his own record. He reads that the king has made a mistake in trusting a certain sum of money to a servant. King: ”How if he comes back with it?“ ”I shall cross off your name and put him down for making a mistake.“ *Wesselski Arlotto I 181 No. 5; Chauvin II 153 No. 20; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1373. J1373. Safe since no white man is near. White man asks Indian if he can safely leave some of his belongings inside the Indian‘s lodge. The Indian assures him that he can: ”There is no white man within a hundred miles of here.“ (Cf. X600.) U.S.: Baughman.

J1380. J1380. Retorts concerning debts.

J1381. J1381. Where you got it last year. Parson tells borrower to get the corn at the same place as he got it last year. There is none there. ”Then you didn’t return it as you said you would, and there is none to lend you this year.“ *Wesselski Arlotto II 259 No. 186; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1382. J1382. Payers of cash favored.

J1382.1. J1382.1. The one to blow the whistle. Many persons request a man on the way to market to buy them a whistle. Finally one hands him a coin with the request. ”You are the one who shall blow the whistle.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 246 No. 146.

J1382.2. J1382.2. The weighted order-cards. To a man going on a voyage, various people give commissions for purchases, which he writes down on cards. Some give him money; some promise it on his return. On ship he looks the cards over, placing the proper gold on the proper card. A wind blows into the sea those not weighted with gold. *Wesselski Arlotto II 234ff. No. 122.

J1383. J1383. Unstable security. Stag tries to borrow grain from the sheep, using the wolf as security. Sheep says that they are both so swift that he does not know where they will be on the day of payment. Wienert FFC LVI 54 (ET 144), 98 (ST 118).

J1384. J1384. A three thousand year old debt. Guests in inn discuss reincarnation. ”Since we shall come back in three thousand years, the host might trust us till then.“ Host: ”You still owe me what you didn‘t pay three thousand years ago.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 858.

J1390. J1390. Retorts concerning thefts.

J1391. J1391. Thief makes a lame excuse. India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesian Coster-Wijsman Uilspiegel Verhalen 35ff. Nos. 17--22.

J1391.1. J1391.1. Thief’s excuse: the big wind. Vegetable thief is caught in a garden. Owner: How did you get into the garden? A wind blew me in. How were the vegetables uprooted? If the wind is strong enough to blow me in, it can uproot them. How did they get into your bag? That is what I was just wondering. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 207 No. 7, cf. II 214 No. 441.

J1391.2. J1391.2. The ladder market. A thief climbs over a wall by means of his ladder. When caught in the garden he says that he is a seller of ladders. Owner: ”Is this a ladder market?“ ”Can‘t one sell ladders everywhere?“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 210 No. 18.

J1391.3. J1391.3. The sheep’s teeth. Two thieves caught with stolen sheep. One says that he told the other than sheep have lower teeth but no upper, and that they caught the sheep to see. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Vai): Ellis 221 No. 34.

J1391.3.1. J1391.3.1. Bitten by the sheep. Man caught just as he knocks sheep in the head: The sheep bit me (or: I‘m not going to let sheep butt me to death). U.S.: *Baughman.

J1391.4. J1391.4. How he would act if he were a hawk. A hawk steals a piece of liver from a trickster and flies away with it. The trickster likewise steals some liver from another man and escapes to a high place with it. He says that he is seeing how he would act if he were a hawk. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 214 No. 41.

J1391.5. J1391.5. Fox pretends that he has been to the farmyard only to see if any of his kindred were there. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1391.6. J1391.6. Lame excuse: one cannot drink because he has no teeth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1391.7. J1391.7. Were merely measuring cup. King demands that each subject bring small amount of milk to put in his new cup. They plan to cheat him by bringing him water. Accused, they say that they were merely measuring the cup to see how much it would take to fill it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1391.8. J1391.8. Needles and anchors. Fox leaving merchant’s warehouse: ”I had wanted a needle as big as an anchor and an anchor as small as a needle.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J1392. J1392. Owner assists thief.

J1392.1. J1392.1. Thief followed home. A thief ransacks a man‘s house and departs. The man gathers together the rest of his belongings and tracks the thief. Comes to the thief’s door. Thief: ”What do you want with me?“ ”What, isn‘t this the house we set out for?“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 212 No. 32.

J1392.2. J1392.2. Robbers commiserated. A buffoon says to robbers in his house, ”You can’t find anything here in the dark, for I can find nothing in broad daylight.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 132 No. 32; Scala Celi 104b No. 567; Mensa Philosophica No. 62.

J1392.2.1. J1392.2.1. Owner advises thieves to return later. He is not yet in bed Spanish: Childers.

J1392.3. J1392.3. Cynic helps robber steal his money so he and robber can get sleep. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1392.4. J1392.4. Owner laughs at thief who finds nothing in house. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1392.5. J1392.5. Bridegroom promises thief spoils later if he will not interfere with wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1393. J1393. The double fool. A numskull caught changing meal from others’ sacks into his own. Miller asks him what he is doing. ”I am a fool.“ ”Why then don‘t you put your meal into their sacks?“ ”I am only a simple fool. If I did that I should be a double fool.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 181 No. 342.

J1394. J1394. Thieves’ nocturnal habits.

J1394.1. J1394.1. Night study. A thief having scorned Demosthenes for his constant study, the latter says, ”I know that you have not failed to notice that I study much at night.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No 801.

J1394.2. J1394.2. Man who rises too early. The king in order to correct the habit has him robbed. He says that robbers get up even earlier than he. Chauvin II 196 No. 26.

J1395. J1395. Was going to give it to him any way. Thus a hunter answers a thief who steals his hare. Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 504), 125 (ST 337); Halm Aesop No. 163.

J1396. J1396. Removing chance for worry. A king noticing that a student has stolen a capon, asks, ”Does not the Bible say that you should not worry about tomorrow?“ ”Exactly. I was trying to remove all chance of worry tomorrow.“ Wesselski Mцnchslatein 109 No. 92; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 35.

J1397. J1397. The cost price recovered. A man takes a shirt to market for a friend who has stolen it. At market it is stolen from the seller. He tells his friend that the market was bad and that he was able to get back only the cost price (nothing). *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 230 No. 491.

J1398. J1398. Compliments from the hangman. A man complimented a hangman on the good job he had done in hanging a thief. The hangman takes off his hat: ”One thief I hang, to the other I take off my hat.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 591.

J1399. J1399. Retorts concerning thefts--miscellaneous.

J1399.1. J1399.1. The Lord has Risen. A parson hides his money in a holy place and leaves a sign, ”The Lord is in this Place.“ A thief takes the money and leaves a sign, ”He is risen and is no longer here“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 74.

J1400. J1400. Repartee concerning false reform.

J1401. J1401. The tailor‘s dream. A tailor dreams that at Judgment Day he sees a flag made up of all the pieces of cloth he has stolen Upon waking he asks his servants to warn him if they ever see him tempted to steal again. This happens. He replies, ”The piece I am about to steal does not fit into the flag.“ *BP I 343; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 256 No. 190.

J1410. J1410. Repartee concerning fatness.

J1411. J1411. The hay wagon and the gate. A parson arriving late at a city gate asks if he can get in. Guard sees that he is fat and in fun says that he doesn’t know. The parson: ”Why not; doesn‘t the hay wagon get in?“ *Wesselski Arlotto II 265 No. 209; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1420. J1420. Animals retort concerning their dangers.

J1421. J1421. Peace among the animals. (Peace fable.) The fox tries to beguile the cock by reporting a new law establishing peace among the animals. Dogs appear; the fox flees. ”The dogs have not heard of the new law.“ *Type 62; *BP II 207; Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 120), 98 (ST 125); Halm Aesop No. 225; Jacobs Aesop 214 No. 59; *Chauvin II 202 No. 51, V 241 No. 141; *Lancaster PMLA XXII 33; *Graf FFC XXXVIII 26; Fb ”rжv“ III 114a.--Spanish: Espinosa III No. 225; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1422. J1422. Good bath. A cat seeing a mouse leave a bath says, ”Good bath!“ Mouse: ”If I had not seen you!“ Chauvin III 55 No. 11.

J1423. J1423. Roast falcon. A falcon reproaches a cock for fleeing from the master who has fed him. The cock: ”I have never seen a falcon roasted.“ *Chauvin II 117 No. 96.

J1424. J1424. Where the foxes will meet. Two foxes in a trap converse: ”Where shall we meet again?“ ”In three days at the furrier’s.“ Chauvin III 77 No. 51.

J1430. J1430. Repartee concerning doctors and patients.

J1431. J1431. I know not how. Sick man: ”I came to a place I know not where; something happened I know not how; I am sick I know not where.“ Doctor: ”Go to the pharmacy and buy I know not what, and eat it I know not how, and you will become well I know not when.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 629; Scala Celi 47b No. 268.

J1432. J1432. No physician at all. A bad physician having predicted the immediate death of a patient meets him recovered. ”How go things down below?“ ”They put you at the head of the list of bad physicians, but I maintained that you were no physician at all.“ Wienert FFC LVI 39; Halm Aesop No. 168.

J1433. J1433. ”Do as I say and not as I do.“ Doctor forbids patient to drink wine. When patient reproves doctor for drinking wine the latter says: ”Just now it is bad for you and good for me.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1434. J1434. Strenuous cure for madness. Doctor throws patients into a pit of water. Servant warns queer-looking hunter to flee before master throws him into the pit. (Cf. K2137.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1438. J1438. Veterinarian becomes doctor. When he killed animals he had to pay for them; but he did not have to pay for killing people. Spanish: Childers.

J1440. J1440. Repartee--miscellaneous.

J1441. J1441. God of the earth. Question from the king: ”Who are you?“ ”I am God.“ ”Make my eyes larger.“ ”I am only God of the earth and have power only below the girdle.“ *Kцhler-Bolte I 504; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 279 No. 326.

J1442. J1442. A cynic‘s retorts.

J1442.1. J1442.1. The cynic wants sunlight. King (to cynic): ”What can I do for you?“ ”Get out of my sunlight. Don’t take away from me what you can‘t give me.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1442.1.1. J1442.1.1. Cynic praises power of reason. Tells Alexander that the power of reason makes even a poor man as great as a king. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1442.2. J1442.2. The cynic at the bath. Leaving an unclean bath house: ”Where can I go now to wash?“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.3. J1442.3. The cynic and the pale gold. ”Why is gold so pale?“ ”It is in great danger.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.4. J1442.4. The cynic’s burial. Asked who will carry him to his grave if he has no friends: ”He who needs my house.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.4.1. J1442.4.1. Cynic asks that his body be exposed to the elements. When told that the beasts and the birds will prey on him he says: ”Put a stick at my side so that I may chase them away.“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1442.5. J1442.5. The cynic as judge of wine. Asked which wine tastes best, he says, ”That belonging to other people.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.6. J1442.6. The cynic and the big gates. Coming to a little town with big gates, he says, ”Close the gate so that the town won‘t run away.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.7. J1442.7. The cynic and the bastard stone-thrower. Cynic: ”Be careful; you might hit your father.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1442.8. J1442.8. The cynic discusses heaven. Hearing a man discoursing at great length about heaven, he asks, ”When did you come down from there?“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.9. J1442.9. The cynic and the bald-headed man. His only reply to the baldheaded man’s slanders is to compliment the hair that has left such a horrible head. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.10. J1442.10. The cynic and the deceiver. When the deceiver calls him wicked, he says, ”I am glad that you are my enemy; for you do good to your enemies and evil to your friends.“ Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 802.

J1442.11. J1442.11. The cynic and the fig tree. Man tells friend that his wife has hanged herself on a fig tree. Friend: ”Give me a shoot of that tree!“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1442.11.1. J1442.11.1. The cynic‘s wish. When he learns that a woman has hanged herself from a tree he explains: ”Would that all trees bore such fruit!“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1442.12. J1442.12. Cynic is asked if widower should remarry. ”One who has just escaped from drowning should not return to sea.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1442.13. J1442.13. The smallest woman makes the best bride. ”Of an evil choose the smallest part.“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1443. J1443. The fools in the city. Man ordered to number the fools in the city replies, ”It is easier to number the wise men.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 241 No. 535; Chauvin VII 126 No. 393bis.

J1444. J1444. They gave it away themselves. A wandering actor rewarded by a city with a coat of their color gambles it away. When upbraided about giving away their present he replies that they hadn’t wanted to keep it themselves. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 396.

J1445. J1445. The forgotten traditions. A man has been told by a seer that there are two ways in which a believer may be distinguished. But he has forgotten one of them and the seer had forgotten the other. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 186 No. 353.

J1446. J1446. Aaron‘s censer. A man strikes a priest with a cane: ”This is Moses’ staff.“ The priest shoots with a pistol: ”This is Aaron‘s holy censer.“ Type 1847*.

J1447. J1447. The favored swine. Dog reproaches sow that Venus will not allow those who have eaten swine to enter her temple. Sow says that it is because the goddess abhors those who kill swine. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 161), 107 (ST 191); Halm Aesop No. 408.

J1448. J1448. The contagious yawns. A husband planning to punish his wife, who has yawned in church at the same time as a man, sees his error when his wife in the woods calls out, ”The squirrels hop from bough to bough as the yawns from mouth to mouth.“ Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 23; XXXIII 52 No. 23; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 12; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 84 No. 35.

J1451. J1451. Who gets the beehive. Badger: ”I was a hundred years old when grama grass first grew.“ Crane: ”My daughter was a hundred years old when grama grass first grew.“ Wolf: ”I am only eight years old, but we shall see who gets the beehive.“ Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 31 No. *80, Espinosa III Nos. 268--270, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 26, 27.

J1452. J1452. Why he was thin. Philosopher explains that with his own blood he was nourishing as large a population as that of the Roman Emperor (lice). *Wesselski Bebel II 145 No. 140.

J1453. J1453. It’s better to fight in the shade. Soldier tells captain that the enemy are so numerous that their arrows darken the sun. Captain: ”Good, it will be more comfortable fighting in the shade.“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1454. J1454. The lion and the statue. A man points out the statue to show the supremacy of man. The lion: ”If it had been a lion sculptor, the lion would have been standing over the man.“ Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 343), 101 (ST 145); Halm Aesop No. 63; Jacobs Aesop 208 No. 35.

J1455. J1455. Has never died yet. Slave (workman) recommended to master whose recent slaves have died: ”He has never died while I owned him.“ *Clouston Book of Noodles 8; England, U.S.: Baughman.

J1456. J1456. The liar. A man attempts to lie out of having called another a liar: ”You lie if you say that I said you lied.“ The other: ”It‘s a good thing for you that you didn’t call me a liar.“ (Cf. J817.) *Wesselski Bebel I 204 No. 85.

J1457. J1457. The gray fox. An old husband tells his young wife, who is concerned about his gray hair, ”A gray fox is as good as a red one.“ ”But an old gray fox is not so good as a young red one.“ Bolte Frey 242 No. 75.

J1458. J1458. An oath to break oaths. Village called on to join in war deliberates in meeting. A man says, ”We have taken oaths not to go to war. We must now take an oath to break all the oaths we have taken.“ Wesselski Bebel I 205 No. 88.

J1461. J1461. The cause of grayness. Fool asked what made him gray-headed replies, ”My hair.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 228 No. 133.

J1462. J1462. Customary suits. Man who wears a red cap after his father‘s death says, ”I can grieve just as much in red as in black.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 125 No. 16.

J1463. J1463. A long beard and sanctity. Told that a forest dwarf with a long beard is a saint, a man replies: ”If a long beard indicates sanctity, the goat is a saint.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 129 No. 30.

J1465. J1465. Trumpeter’s false defense. A trumpeter captured pleads that he did not fight. Answered: ”You may not fight, but you encourage your men to do so.“ Jacobs Aesop 220 No. 79.

J1467. J1467. Must drink from the common cup. A man always drinks out of his own cup. In storm at sea a sailor says, ”Today we all drink out of the same cup (the sea). *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 247.

J1467.1. J1467.1. Sailor prays for gods to sink ship during storm, since gods never do what they are asked to do. Spanish: Childers.

J1468. J1468. Not in good form. A duke invites a notorious eater. The latter consumes eight fowls, forty eggs, and other things in proportion. In leaving he apologizes for eating so little as he had not felt well the night before. He will do better next time. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 249; Nouvelles Rйcrйations Nos. 57, 73.

J1471. J1471. The eunuch‘s defense. Reproached with his mutilation, the eunuch says that his ill fortune is no shame. The only shame is to merit what you suffer. Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 485), 149 (ST 546).

J1472. J1472. The fairest thing in the garden. Three brothers asked by princess what is the most beautiful thing in the garden. The youngest replies, “Yourself.” He wins the princess. Type 925*.

J1473. J1473. The greedy dreamer. He dreams that he receives nine coins. He demands ten. He wakes and finds that he has dreamed. He is willing to accept the nine. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 206 (No. 5); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1473.1. J1473.1. The 999 gold pieces. A man prays for a thousand gold pieces and says that he will not accept one less. A joker sends him 999. He says that he will trust God for the other coin. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 220ff. No. 54.

J1474. J1474. The fatal bed. A sailor says that all his ancestors have drowned. Citizen: “Aren’t you afraid of drowning?” Sailor: “How did your ancestors die?” Citizen: “All of them in bed.” Sailor: “Aren‘t you afraid to go to bed?” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 264.

J1475. J1475. Is ready to go. A peddler scolds the dog who is waiting and tells him to get ready to go with him. The dog replies that he has nothing to carry, that it is the peddler who is late. Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 379), 125 (ST 343).

J1476. J1476. The proud hide humbled. A hide is in the river. River: “What is your name?” Hide: “Hard hide.” River: “Hunt another name; I’ll soon soften you.” Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 403), 101 (ST 148); Halm Aesop No. 381.

J1477. J1477. Demonstrate here. A man boasts of his jump on Rhodes and says that if he were in Rhodes he could prove his boast. Reply: “No need to go to Rhodes. Show us your jump here.” Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 480), 100 (ST 135); Halm Aesop No. 203.

J1478. J1478. Husband and wife burn their mouths. A wife served overhot soup, forgets and burns herself so that tears come to her eyes She says that her departed father liked soup so much that she weeps when she eats it. The husband is also burned and weeps: “I am weeping because your accursed mother didn‘t take you with her when she died.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 238 No. 115; Kцhler-Bolte I 498; Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 71 No. 129.

J1478.1. J1478.1. The abbot burns his mouth. Says that he is crying because so many have left the monastery. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1481. J1481. As you surely will. After her husband’s death a woman cannot find a hammer and anvil. She goes to a dying neighbor and says, “If you die, as you surely will, and go to Heaven, as you surely will not, ask my husband where he left the hammer and anvil.” The dying man‘s wife replies, “If you go to Heaven, as you surely will, if you die as you surely will not, do not run around and get into trouble, but sit down by the Eternal Father and observe and keep still.” Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 93 No. 805.

J1482. J1482. Keeping the secret. Man tells parson secret and asks him to keep it. The parson refuses; “If you can’t keep the secret, you must not expect me to.” *Wesselski Arlotto II 263 No. 199.

J1483. J1483. Repartee concerning runaway horses.

J1483.1. J1483.1. King and jester flee: the king‘s swift horse. Jester: “You did have a swift horse. When I had to stop because my horse was tired out, you went two miles further.” Wesselski Bebel I 207 No. 94.

J1483.2. J1483.2. Where his mule will. A man on a runaway mule is asked, “Where are you going?” “Wherever my mule wants to.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 181 No. 343; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1483.3. J1483.3. Storms on land. An inexperienced rider borrows a horse, which runs away with him. He says, “There are no such storms on sea as on the land.” *Wesselski Bebel II 107 No. 21.

J1483.4. J1483.4. “Why didn’t you stay on the horse?” The rider: “I couldn‘t; you see, it ended there” (pointing to horse’s head). India: Thompson-Balys.

J1484. J1484. The sound of shaving. An unskillful barber keeps cutting a man‘s face. A noise is heard. The man: “What is that?” Barber: “A smith shoeing horses.” Man: “I thought it was someone being shaved.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 226f. No. 473.

J1485. J1485. Mistaken identity. A bride slips up behind her husband and kisses him. He is annoyed. She: “Pardon me, I did not know it was you” Clouston Noodles 94.

J1485.1. J1485.1. Husband mistaken for lover in bed. Farmer has whiskers shaved off, hair cut short. He gets home late, slips into bed with his wife. She runs her hand over his face, says: “Young man, if you’re goin‘ to do anything, you’d better be agittin‘ at it, ’cause Old Whiskers‘ll be here pretty soon.” U.S.: Baughman.

J1486. J1486. Listening to the debate. A lazy youth explains his late rising by saying that he lay abed to hear the argument between industry and laziness. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 761; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1487. J1487. Progress in school. A man sends his two sons to schools and later enquires of their progress. One: “I am past Grace.” The other: “I am at the devil and all his works.” *Clouston Noodles 222; England: *Baughman.

J1488. J1488. What the bear whispered in his ear. Paid guide climbs tree and leaves traveler to mercy of a bear. Traveler feigns death and the bear sniffs at him and leaves. The guide: “What did the bear say to you?” “He said, never trust a coward like you.” Wienert FFC LVI 68 (ET 319), 126 (ST 349); Halm Aesop No. 311; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 422; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1491. J1491. Artist paints too few birds. Is engaged to decorate room. Owner: “You did not paint as many birds as I told you to.” Artist: “The windows were left open and most of them flew out.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1492. J1492. Trickster artist hoodwinks king: cuckold‘s eyes cannot see picture. King pretends to see the picture. Courtiers reveal that there is no picture. Spanish: Childers.

J1493. J1493. Daydreamer has lost his chance for profit. He has broken his master‘s pots while dreaming of future profits. He has therefore lost more than the master and excuses himself of blame. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1494. J1494. Why captain takes lame and one-eyed soldiers into army. The lame cannot flee from the enemy; the one-eyed soldiers will not see enough to make them afraid. Spanish: Childers.

J1495. J1495. Person runs from actual or supposed ghost. (Cf. E293, J1483.)

J1495.1. J1495.1. Man runs from actual or from supposed ghost. The ghost runs beside him. The man stops to rest; the ghost stops, says, “That was a good run we had!” The man says, “Yes, and as soon as I get my breath, I’m going to run some more.” U.S.: *Baughman.

J1495.2. J1495.2. When Caleb comes. Man attempts to stay in haunted house all night. One cat after another enters, says, “Everything will be all right when Caleb comes, won‘t it?” (or something similar). Man finally says, “When Caleb comes, tell him I was here and left.” He leaves. U.S.: *Baughman.

J1500-J1649.

J1500-J1649. Clever practical retorts.

J1500. J1500. Clever practical retort.

J1510. J1510. The cheater cheated.

J1511. J1511. A rule must work both ways.

J1511.1. J1511.1. Make-believe eating, make-believe work. At table the peasant says, “We will only act as if we were eating.” At work the servant replies, “We will only act as if we were working.” *Type 1560.

J1511.2. J1511.2. Turnips called bacon: cat called rabbit. A peasant compels his servant to call turnips bacon. Under favorable circumstances the servant compels the master to call a cat a rabbit. Type 1565**.

J1511.2.1. J1511.2.1. Man bathing rich man uses sand instead of sandalwood: “Consider the sand of the Ganges to be sandalwood.” When man asks for his fee, other takes a frog and gives it to him: “Know that the frog of the Ganges is a cow.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1511.3. J1511.3. Eating cure becomes epidemic. A woman feigns periodic attacks of a sickness that can be cured only by eating a great number of delicacies. The husband feigns the same disease. Type 1372*.

J1511.4. J1511.4. Fits become epidemic. After dinner a servant feigns a fit and goes to sleep. The master thereupon feigns a fit and beats the boy, who is thus cured of his laziness. Type 1572*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1572A*.

J1511.5. J1511.5. The wine-spilling host rebuked. A host spills his customer‘s wine so that he must buy more. He consoles the guest with “It is a sign of the great abundance you shall have this year.” With the same remark the guest draws the spigot from the host’s wine cask. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 372; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein No. 106; *Crane Vitry 269 No. 310.

J1511.6. J1511.6. The porter‘s revenge for the three wise counsels. A man offers a porter three wise counsels for carrying his goods. “When anyone tells you that hunger and satisfaction are the same, don’t believe him.” The second and third are similar and equally valueless. The porter throws down the load: “When anyone tells you that any part of this load is not broken, don‘t believe him.” *Basset 1001 Contes II 391; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 260 No. 211; Chauvin VIII 139 No. 136; *Fb “sandhed”.

J1511.7. J1511.7. No clothes needed for Day of Judgment. Friends tell a man that the next day is the Day of Judgment and urge him to kill a lamb and give a feast. He apparently consents. He then burns up their clothes. They will not need clothes on the Day of Judgment. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 212 No. 31.

J1511.8. J1511.8. Forbidden to think. A husband forbids a wife to think. During his absence she roasts a chicken, eats it, and leaves two drumsticks on the table. The husband asks for the chicken. “Since you have forbidden me to think, I did not think of you.” The ban is lifted. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 145.

J1511.9. J1511.9. Master says that he has eyes in back of head: servant cheats him. Holds up food to master’s back and then not having objection raised, eats it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1511.10. J1511.10. Counterfeit money burned up. A priest who has lent money to a Jew, but will not lend to a farmer, on being reproached by the latter, says that the money he lent the Jew was “false”. When the Jew gets to know of this, he claims that as soon as he heard the money was false he burnt it up. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1772.

J1511.11. J1511.11. Boy pretends to speak only Latin. Father, chastising his lazy son, also speaks in “Latin”. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2423; Russian: Andrejev No. *2082.

J1511.12. J1511.12. The man in place of a watch-dog. The master orders his serf to watch the manor at night in place of the dog. When the thieves come, the serf barks: “Dress, dress .... They take, take .... They lead, lead .... ” The master does not understand the barking and pays no heed to it -- is robbed of his property. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2421.

J1511.13. J1511.13. Oisin‘s poor diet in Patrick’s house--pancake size of ivy leaf, measure of butter only size of rowan berry. Later Oisin gives Patrick quarter of a wild boar, servant ivy leaf and rowan berry. Irish myth: Cross.

J1511.14. J1511.14. Things on highway belong to the public. Man reproves another for picking his cherries that overhang the highway. He is told that things on the public highway belong to no one in particular. He invites the man to climb the tree for better cherries, drives off with his horse and buggy, giving the same answer about things in the public highway. U.S.: Baughman.

J1511.15. J1511.15. Can drink only one kind of wine at a time. Priests come to an inn where host gives them good wine and bad. They insist on having all good since they must drink only one kind of wine. On their return he serves them with all bad. They claim to have had the rule changed. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 245.

J1511.16. J1511.16. “Eat spiritual food, not material,” say monks to lazy brother who criticizes them for working in the garden. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1511.17. J1511.17. Ox bought; buyer also claims load of wood attached. Later deceived man disguises and sells sharper another ox for “handful of coppers.” He is allowed by court to claim the hand as well. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1511.18. J1511.18. Priests say dying woman‘s unfulfilled request for mangoes must be paid in golden mangoes to them. Priests burned with iron since she had asked to be cauterized. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1511.19. J1511.19. Wife surrendered to king. Vizier advises doctor to give up his wife to love-sick prince since everything belongs to a sovereign. Doctor then tells him prince is in love not with his (the doctor’s) wife but with the vizier‘s. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1511.20. J1511.20. Goldsmith sells thinly plated gold; peasant retaliates: a pot of dirt with a little gyav on top. (Cf. J1556.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J1512. J1512. Impossible demand rebuked. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1512.1. J1512.1. Milk from the hornless cow. A king demands a hundred men’s drink from the milk of a hornless dun cow from every house in the land. Wooden cows are made and bog-stuff substituted for milk; the king must drink it. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 26, *Cross.

J1512.2. J1512.2. To return the eye to the one-eyed man. “Let me have your other so that I can see whether the one I bring you matches.” India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1513. J1513. Healed with his own medicine.

J1513.1. J1513.1. “If he does not live, let him die.” The student as healer hangs this sign around the neck of a sick calf. Later as parson he is sick. It is proposed to heal him with the same remedy. *Type 1845.

J1515. J1515. You lead and I will follow: hard command thus evaded.

J1515.1. J1515.1. The father of an illegitimate child must walk in front of the cross. Condemned man insists that the priest, who is guilty also, shall lead the way. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 71.

J1516. J1516. Rogues exchange objects and cheat each other. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1517. J1517. Thieves deceived by prearranged conversation which they overhear. (Cf. K420.)

J1517.1. J1517.1. Overheard conversation: “Mustard has advanced in price.” Thieves steal mustard and leave all else. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1517.2. J1517.2. Overheard conversation: “Money hidden in wall (field).” Thieves take box filled with stone (or dig up field). India: Thompson-Balys.

J1517.3. J1517.3. Overheard conversation: “My money is hanging in the tree.” Thieves stung by hornets. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1521. J1521. Swindler‘s plans foiled.

J1521.1. J1521.1. The shoes carried into the tree. Tricksters induce a numskull to climb a tree, planning to steal his shoes. He takes them in his belt with him. “Perhaps I shall find a nearer road home up there and shall need my shoes.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 233 No. 96.

J1521.2. J1521.2. The old man nods “Yes”. A monk at an old man’s deathbed asks if he hasn‘t promised this and that to the church. The old man from weakness rather than understanding nods “Yes”. The son standing by asks, “Shall I throw this fellow down stairs?” The old man nods “Yes”. *Wesselski Bebel I 154 No. 81; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 497.

J1521.2.1. J1521.2.1. Clever wife of king’s adopted son keeps king distracted on deathbed so that he cannot disinherit husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1521.3. J1521.3. Command would become permanent. A ruler receives gifts from his subjects and later demands them as he due. The fool sets the nobleman‘s bed on fire. When the nobleman commands him to put the fire out he refuses, since he would ever afterward have to be putting out fires. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 44.

J1521.4. J1521.4. Unjust oath countered by another. A woman entrusts three coins to a headsman. He denies her claim which she fails to substantiate in ordeal. She now claims more and happens to succeed with ordeal. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1521.5. J1521.5. Catching by words.

J1521.5.1. J1521.5.1. Bargain: to render service for “something”. Claimant has called dead cricket “something” and must be content. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1522. J1522. Rebuke to the stingy.

J1522.1. J1522.1. Half price for half a shave. A man asks to be shaved at half price. The barber shaves one side. He must pay the other half for the rest of the shave. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 601.

J1522.2. J1522.2. Stingy man rebuked when his children are feasted in his absence. They think he has been responsible and honor him. He reforms. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1525. J1525. Poor girl outwits prince in fright-contest. He frightens her and later mocks her with her words of fright. She plays the same trick on him. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No 3.

J1526. J1526. Soldier’s practical retort to officer.

J1526.1. J1526.1. Officer disarmed by sentry. Army major approaches sentry, takes away his rifle, and reproaches him for allowing himself to be disarmed. Sentry draws pistol from inside shirt, demands return of unloaded rifle. U.S.: Baughman.

J1527. J1527. Dream answered by dream. Priests misinterpret raja‘s dream and get his horses. Trickster advises raja to announce dream demanding cauterization of the priests. They return horses. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1530. J1530. One absurdity rebukes another. Brown JAOS XXIX 43 n. 40, Penzer III 241, 250f., V 64ff., IX 152, 155; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1531. J1531. Borrower’s absurdities. England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, U.S.: Baughman.

J1531.1. J1531.1. The transformed golden pumpkin. Borrower of golden pumpkin returns a brass pumpkin and claims that the gold has turned to brass. The lender takes the borrower‘s son and returns with an ape. He claims that the boy has turned into an ape. Kцhler-Bolte I 533; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1531.1.1. J1531.1.1. Mill has given birth to horse. Jackal as judge comes late. “Tank of water caught fire.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1531.2. J1531.2. The iron-eating mice. Trustee claims that mice have eaten the iron scales confided to him. The host abducts the trustee’s son and says that a falcon has carried him off. *BP II 372; Chauvin II 92 No. 37; B[ц]dker Exempler; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer III 250, V 62, *64; Indonesian: DeVries‘s list No. 299.

J1531.2.1. J1531.2.1. The dog-eating bugs. Man keeps dog for boy, tells him when he comes for it that the chinch bugs have eaten it. The boy borrows a mule from the man, later tells him that a buzzard has carried it away. He gets his dog back. U.S.: Baughman.

J1531.3. J1531.3. The pot has a child and dies. A borrower returns a pot along with a small one saying that the pot has had a young one. The pots are accepted. He borrows the pot a second time and keeps it. He sends word that the pot has died. *BP II 372 n. 2; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 213 No. 35; DeVries FFC LXXIII 273 n. 1; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1705*; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1532. J1532. Adulteress’s absurdity rebuked.

J1532.1. J1532.1. The Snow-Child. (Modus Leibinc.) A sailor‘s wife bears a son in his absence and says that it came from eating snow. Later the husband makes away with the boy who, he says, melted in the sun. *Type 1362; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 208; BP IV 130; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1533. J1533. Absurdities concerning birth of animals, or men. (Cf. J1531.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J1534. J1534. Deer captured in bird-net: water flows upstream. One partner claims a deer he has captured in his bird-net. The other pretends to be watching water flow upstream. Coster-Wijsman 32 No. 8.

J1536. J1536. Ruler’s absurdity rebuked.

J1536.1. J1536.1. Absurdity of entrusting military mission to bishop. Courtier rebukes king by asking that he be given an ecclesiastical post. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1536.2. J1536.2. Absurdity of trying to convert king to Hinduism--like making cow of donkey or black dog into white. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1539. J1539. One absurdity rebukes another--miscellaneous.

J1539.1. J1539.1. Priest forbidden to have female servant ostentatiously washes his own clothes. Bishop reverses the order. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 34.

J1539.2. J1539.2. Scholar given third egg. A scholar, showing his skill in logic, proves that two chickens (or eggs) on the table are really three. His father (or host) takes one chicken for himself, gives the other to the mother, tells son that he can have the third one. England: Baughman.

J1540. J1540. Retorts between husband and wife. (Cf. J1532.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

J1541. J1541. Husband outwits his wife.

J1541.1. J1541.1. The good words. A man pledged to give his wife only good words hits her with a prayer book. *BP III 278.

J1541.1.1. J1541.1.1. Sharing joy and sorrow. Man pledged to do so with his wife follows instructions literally. Beats her--a joy to him and a sorrow to her. BP III 277f.

J1541.2. J1541.2. The flute makes more noise. A man overcomes his quarrelsome wife by playing the flute as long as she is scolding. *Wesselski Bebel I 228 No. 139; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1541.3. J1541.3. Woman repulses ugly husband‘s advances. He placates her by telling her that he wants a handsome child. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1541.4. J1541.4. Husband and wife separate and divide property. Man keeps the house, gives the wife the road. U.S.: Baughman.

J1545. J1545. Wife outwits her husband.

J1545.1. J1545.1. Will work when beaten. A wife whose husband has beaten her sends a rumor to the sick king that her husband is a skilled physician but will practice only when he is well beaten. He is seized and whipped. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 117 No. 98; Mensa Philosophica No. 73.

J1545.2. J1545.2. Four men’s mistress. A husband disguises as a priest to hear his wife‘s confession. She says that she has been mistress of a servant, a knight, a fool, and a priest; i.e., her husband when he was her servant, and later her knight. He had then been a fool for demanding her confession, and was a priest because he had heard it. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 793; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 109 No. 93; Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 5 (Lee 198); Scala Celi 49a No. 275; *Hibbard 41 n. 12; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No 78; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1545.3. J1545.3. Fault-finding husband nonplussed. The wife has cooked so many dishes that when he complains, she can always supply another. Finally he says, “I had rather eat dung.” She produces some. *Wesselski Theorie 175; Plattdeutsch: Wisser Plattdeutsche Volksmдrchen (Jena 1922, 1927) II 98; India (Kashmir): Knowles 245.

J1545.3.1. J1545.3.1. Which does the more work. Wife shows that she does many more tasks in one morning than the husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1545.3.2. J1545.3.2. Where are the shoes? Fault-finding husband threatens to hit wife with shoes. She: “You will have to have some shoes first.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1545.3.3. J1545.3.3. Man who continually threatens to leave wife mortified when she tells him to go; pretends his buffalo is dragging him home (after he does leave). India: Thompson-Balys.

J1545.4. J1545.4. The exiled wife’s dearest possession. A wife driven from home is allowed by her husband to take her one dearest possession. She takes her sleeping husband and effects reconciliation. *Type 875; *DeVries FFC LXXIII 275--284 passim; *Fb “kjжreste” II 153a; *BP II 349; Fansler MAFLS XII 63; Jewish: *Neuman, *Gaster Exempla 224 No. 196; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1545.4.1. J1545.4.1. The besieged women‘s dearest possession. (Women of Weinsberg.) Permitted to carry from the city their dearest possession, they take their husbands. *DeVries FFC LXXIII 278ff.; *Gaster Germania XXV 285ff.; *Wehrhan Die Sage 31ff.; *Bolte Montanus Gartengesellschaft 615 No. 80.

J1545.5. J1545.5. Husband tells wife in indecent posture to “lock up shop”. She retorts that he has the key. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1545.6. J1545.6. Wife by cleverness wins back fortune overbearing husband has foolishly lost and humbles him. India: Thompson-Balys

J1545.7. J1545.7. Clever laughter and response of wife stops husband from fondling maid. Heptameron No. 54.

J1545.8. J1545.8. Corpse to be cut in two for easy carrying. Husband who feigns death hears wife propose this. He upbraids her; she replies: “If you had really died I should have given myself up to be burnt.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1545.9. J1545.9. Wife shows deep water. Husband declares that he will drown himself. The wife shows him a deep spot in the stream. England: Baughman.

J1546. J1546. Overcurious wife learns of the senate‘s deliberations. Husband (son) tells her that they have decided that each man may have many wives. Gullible wife believes it. *Crane Vitry No. 235; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 392; Herbert III 19; Alphabet No. 141; Gesta Romanorum No. 126; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 46; Scala Celi 46b No. 260; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1550. J1550. Practical retorts: borrowers and lenders.

J1551. J1551. Imaginary debt and payment. *Fischer-Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 209ff.; Hindu: Penzer V 132 n. 2, 133, IX 155f.; cf. Nouvelles de Sens No. 9.

J1551.1. J1551.1. Imagined intercourse, imagined payment. A woman demands money for a visit which she dreams of having had from a merchant. She is shown the money in a mirror. *Chauvin VIII 158 No. 163; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 810; *Fischer-Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 209; Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 113; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1551.2. J1551.2. Imagined penance for imagined sin. A penitent confesses that a plan to sin had entered his mind. Priest tells him that the thought is as good as the deed. Assesses four florins as penance. Penitent says that he had only had it in his mind to give the florins; he must take the thought for the deed. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 298; *Wesselski Gonnella 110 No. 10; *Fischer-Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 210.

J1551.3. J1551.3. Singer repaid with promise of reward: words for words. *Fischer-Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 211; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 3; Hindu: Penzer V 132.

J1551.4. J1551.4. Directions for getting pay given in return for directions for healing. *Fischer-Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 211.

J1551.5. J1551.5. Substitute for candle repaid with substitute for money. A monk gives a man a stick instead of the candle the man has wanted to burn before a holy picture. The monk says that it will have the same effect as if the candle were burned. The man takes out his purse and lets the monk touch it. *Wesselski Arlotto I 186 No. 6.

J1551.6. J1551.6. The hare at third remove. A man receives a present of a hare. Later a crowd comes to him for entertainment saying that they are friends of the man who presented the hare. This happens a second time. He serves them clear water. “It is the soup from the soup of the hare.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 234 No. 97.

J1551.7. J1551.7. Imagined ownership: derived from a dream. Man claims ownership of bulls because he has dreamed of them. He is given their shadows. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1551.8. J1551.8. Imagined color. Clerk tells person to imagine that blue cloth is green. The customer walks out without paying. The clerk asks for payment; the customer tells clerk to imagine he has been paid. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1551.9. J1551.9. Half of money thrown into tank. The monkey to the grocer: “You sold half water and half milk.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1551.10. J1551.10. The priest administers to a man sick with infectious disease. Shows him the Host through window, and says: “Have hope and imagine you receive it.” The man shows the priest a coin through the window, and repeats the same phrase. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1844.

J1551.11. J1551.11. “Here is half of picture and you must imagine other half.” Jester later redecorates house in fragments of pictures. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1552. J1552. Loans refused.

J1552.1. J1552.1. The ass consulted about the loan. A man wants to borrow an ass. The owner goes to see what the ass says. The ass is unwilling. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 223 No. 60.

J1552.1.1. J1552.1.1. The ass is not at home. A man wants to borrow an ass. The owner says that the ass is not at home. The ass brays and the borrower protests. “Will you believe an ass and not a graybeard like me?” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 224 No. 65; L. Schmidt Oesterr. Zs. f. Vksk. 1954, 128; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1552.1.1.1. J1552.1.1.1. The bigger fool. When told by servants their master is not at home, man says it is a fool that goes out in such midday heat. Whereupon master sticks his head out of the window, saying “Thou who art moving about at this time art the big fool: I have been seated all day in my house.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1552.2. J1552.2. Three reasons for refusing credit. A man asks for credit, although he has always paid cash before. He is refused on these grounds: either (1) he has never found anyone to trust him, (2) he has never bought anything, or (3) he is rich and does not need an extension of time. *Wesselski Bebel II 121 No. 65.

J1552.3. J1552.3. Man refuses to lend horse: sued for consequent damages. The would-be borrower gets one from another neighbor. He overworks the horse and renders him useless. The owner of the horse sues the man who had refused to lend his animal. Reasoning: “If he had lent his horse this would not have happened to mine.” Settled by compromise. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1552.4. J1552.4. Better to donate half of what is asked than lend all. Two farmers ask a priest to lend two measures of grain to each of them. The priest refuses to lend them any but donates one measure to each. Thus he saves two measures. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1556. J1556. Lender repays borrower for deceptive loan.

J1556.1. J1556.1. Borrower of butter receives pot of cowdung with little butter on top: repays by lending wooden sword covered with thin iron. (Cf. J1511.20.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J1559. J1559. Miscellaneous retorts concerning borrowing and lending.

J1559.1. J1559.1. A present or a retaining fee. An abbot presents a lawyer with a fine horse. Later the abbot comes to Rome and calls on the lawyer for help. The latter returns the horse. “I did not know that you had a lawsuit in Rome.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 126.

J1559.2. J1559.2. God as surety; the abbot pays. A young man is ransomed by giving God as surety for the ransom money. He fails to return as agreed. The creditor sees a wealthy abbot, who says that he is a servant of God. He robs the abbot and when the young man finally appears he tells the latter than the debt is already paid by God’s servant. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 59; Alphabet No. 503.

J1559.3. J1559.3. Too large a payment. A student leaving the university sends back a small coin to pay for the knowledge he is carrying away, although he says that he is really paying too much. Wesselski Bebel II 114 No. 45.

J1560. J1560. Practical retorts: hosts and guests.

J1561. J1561. Inhospitality repaid. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1561.1. J1561.1. Clothes thrown into the cooking food. A trickster when told that food cooking is clothes being boiled retaliates by throwing his dirty hose into the pot. *Wesselski Arlotto II 247 No. 153; *Wesselski Gonnella 130 No. 23; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 240.

J1561.2. J1561.2. Inhospitable host punished for hospitality. An abbot has his innkeeper treat his guests with the most shameful neglect. A guest retaliates by telling the abbot that he has been very sumptuously entertained. The innkeeper is discharged. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 60; Scala Celi 104a No. 565; Alphabet No. 357.

J1561.3. J1561.3. Welcome to the clothes. A man at a banquet is neglected because of his poor clothes. He changes clothes, returns, and is honored. “Feed my clothes,” he says, “for it is they that are welcomed.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 416; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 222 No. 55; *Prato RTP IV 167; Herbert III 70; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1561.3.1. J1561.3.1. Poor suitor served good supper prepared for rich one. Recites a satirical rhymed grace. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 702.

J1561.4. J1561.4. Servant repays stingy master (mistress). Type 1561**; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1561.4.1. J1561.4.1. Hostess says that she has no spoons. Otherwise she would be glad to give something to eat. A joker brings along the necessary spoons. Type 1449*.

J1561.4.2. J1561.4.2. The boy “loses his sight.” No butter on the bread. Type 1561*.

J1561.5. J1561.5. Father causes inhospitable daughter to spoil her feast by deceptive advice about cooking. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1561.6. J1561.6. A box connection. Man refused hospitality tells rich man he is a relative. Asked for the “connection,” he tells him there is a box connection. Rich man not understanding, man explains his cart is made of box wood and is tied to a rich man‘s box tree. Rich man, ashamed, entertains him with all due respect. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1561.7. J1561.7. Grace said in name of the host. Neglected guest thus gets his portion of food. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1562. J1562. The greedy host.

J1562.1. J1562.1. Turning the plate around. A cuts the meat and puts all the good things on his side. B turns the plate around: “See how all things turn about in this world.” A turns it back: “However the world may turn, with good friends like us the plate will always remain the same.” *Wesselski Arlotto II 222 No. 89; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1568*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1568*.

J1562.2. J1562.2. The peasant’s share is the chicken. He serves small birds and a roast chicken to his guests. Guests each take a small bird, leaving only the chicken when the plate reaches the host. He takes the whole chicken saying: “Since everyone has a bird, I must have one too.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 583.

J1562.3. J1562.3. Host hides meat in his clothing. It attracts his dog and he is exposed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1563. J1563. Treatment of difficult guests.

J1563.1. J1563.1. The guest who could not keep warm. He keeps calling for more bed clothes. The host finally piles a ladder, a trough, etc., on top of him until he calls for help. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 259 No. 200; Wesselski Arlotto I 130 No. 51.

J1563.2. J1563.2. Guests make impossible demands of host: host‘s representative forces guests to leave by sending them on difficult quest. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1563.3. J1563.3. Bread baked with onions for an undesirable guest. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1563.4. J1563.4. Proper food for ox and ass. Guests call each other ox and ass. Host offers green grass for the first and fodder for the second. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1563.5. J1563.5. Guests frightened away by housewife. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1563.5.1. J1563.5.1. Wife prepares the pestle. Tells guests husband uses it against guests. They flee. Tells husband they left because she refused to give them pestle. Husband pursues to give them the pestle, but they run the faster. (Cf. K2137.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J1563.5.2. J1563.5.2. Servants touch cooking pot. Food being considered unclean then, guests depart empty but unwitting of true reason. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1563.6. J1563.6. When hints do not get rid of unwelcome guests, force must be used. Thus man treats his sons-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1563.7. J1563.7. A sham fight to frighten away the guests. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1563.8. J1563.8. Priest frightens away parasitic guests. Tells them he has that morning confessed man with plague. French: Irwin No. 161.

J1564. J1564. Talker keeps person from eating.

J1564.1. J1564.1. Trickster‘s interrupted feast revenged. He is asked a question by his master each time he tries to eat a date, so that he always has to spit out the date. He revenges himself that night when the master tries to carry on an intrigue with his wife’s maid. He comes with his answers at embarrassing moments. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 242 No. 537.

J1564.2. J1564.2. Revenge by interrupting feast. A rabbi who has been inhospitably treated is afterwards invited to dinner. He keeps the guests so amused by his jokes that they fail to eat and the feast is spoiled. Jewish: *Neuman, *Gaster Exempla 226 No. 212.

J1565. J1565. Inappropriate entertainment repaid. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1565.1. J1565.1. Fox and crane invite each other. Fox serves the food on a flat dish so that the crane cannot eat. Crane serves his food in a bottle. *Type 60; Wienert FFC LVI 54 (ET 141), 98 (ST 123); Halm Aesop No. 34; *Crane Exempla 202 No. 165; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 64 No. 13.

J1565.2. J1565.2. Bugs unable to eat honey at banquet of bees, and bees unable to eat dung at bug‘s dinner. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1565.3. J1565.3. Crop division between parrot and cat: they try to cheat each other by inviting to a dinner in turns every day. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1566. J1566. Luxury of host rebuked.

J1566.1. J1566.1. Philosopher spits in king’s beard. It is the only place he can find at the royal table not covered with gold and jewels. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 475; *Crane Vitry 195 No. 149; Scala Celi 140a No. 784; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 29, Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1566.2. J1566.2. Ruler refuses hospitality from subject who spends more than he earns. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1573. J1573. Host rebukes negligent servant.

J1573.1. J1573.1. A step-ladder for setting the table. Servant who leaves off the salt is instructed to bring in the step-ladder so as to see what is missing. Wesselski Bebel II 71 No. 159.

J1575. J1575. Guest brings along cakes to eat. Stingy host rebuked. Spanish: Espinosa III No. 192; Italian Novella: *Rotunda, Boccaccio Decameron I No. 8 (Lee 23).

J1575.1. J1575.1. Suitor brings own lamp. Mother of girl tells suitor that she cannot have him burning her midnight oil. The next night he brings his own lamp and a can of oil, tells her he will stay all night if he wishes. U.S.: Baughman.

J1576. J1576. “Cause liberality to be depicted.” Answer of hungry man when host asks for suggestion for a picture to be painted of something that has not been seen. Boccaccio Decameron I No. 8 (Lee 23), Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1577. J1577. Deceptive invitation to feast.

J1577.1. J1577.1. Inviting to a feast only those whose households have never been touched by death. None comes. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1580. J1580. Practical retorts connected with almsgiving.

J1581. J1581. Stingy almsgiving repaid.

J1581.1. J1581.1. Poem for poem: all for all. A poet gives the emperor a poem, hoping for a reward The emperor later gives the poet a poem in return. The poet thereupon sends the emperor two pennies, saying that this is all the money he has. The emperor, seeing that he is defeated in the exchange, laughs and becomes the poet‘s friend. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 506.

J1581.2. J1581.2. Reinforcement of the request for alms. A clown asks for alms and receives nothing. He then throws pellets made of herbs at the steward, saying that there is great power in words, herbs, and stones: he has tried two of them and plans to try the third. He is given alms. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 20 No. 14.

J1582. J1582. Base money in the offering.

J1582.1. J1582.1. The penny baked in the wafer. A peasant always puts a bad penny into the offering. The priest has a penny baked in a wafer and gives it to the peasant at communion. The peasant, unable to swallow it, thinks that he is possessed of the devil. The priest asks whether he has ever done wrong with a penny, secures confession and a pledge of reform. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 73.

J1582.2. J1582.2. Sulphur in the censer. Parishioners put base money into the collection. The priest burns sulphur instead of incense He tells them that their money will buy nothing better. *Wesselski Arlotto II 218 No. 82.

J1583. J1583. Interested only in his capital. Preacher tells parishioners (regarding the day’s offering): “You will get back 100 for 1.” Donor of a penny: “I‘ll be glad to get back my capital!” Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1593. J1593. Any boon desired. Stingy king insists on trickster asking any boon desired. By asking king to perform disgusting act, trickster compels king to give expensive gift. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1600. J1600. Practical retorts--miscellaneous.

J1601. J1601. How much the ass cost. As the fool brings the new ass home everyone wants to know how much it cost. He has all publicly assemble and announces just what it cost. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 134 No. 1550C, Espinosa No. 54.

J1602. J1602. Throw at a rich man. Philosopher gives a penny to a man who throws stones at him but advises him that it will be wiser to throw at one who can afford to give more. The advice is followed and the rascal is arrested and hanged. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 519), 99 (ST 128).

J1603. J1603. Eyes treated for the stomach ache. A man who has stomach ache from eating bad bread is treated for his eyes so that he will thereafter be able to tell good bread from bad. Chauvin II 124 No. 121; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1604. J1604. The fish in the sleeve. A particularly obnoxious man delays others while he haggles over prices with a butcher. Meanwhile a parson takes the three fish the man has laid down and puts them into his large sleeves. The man is angry and searches in vain for them. The parson then shows them and advises him not to let people cheat him. *Wesselski Arlotto I 190 No. 10.

J1605. J1605. One wrong and five hundred good deeds. A man steals a large sum, keeps half and distributes the rest among five hundred persons. He says that he has committed one wrong but has done five hundred good deeds. Chauvin II 208 No. 76.

J1606. J1606. Two monks renew their appetites. Entertained by a lord, they say that they are going to certain waters to recover their appetites. They are taken to a chamber and locked in for a day They recover their appetites without further journeying. (Cf. K1955.1.1.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 137, II 5714; *Anderson FFC XLII 359; Boccaccio Decameron X No. 2 (Lee 311ff.); Scala Celi 126a Nos. 685, 686; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1606.1. J1606.1. Hungry man eats intestines of fish next morning after refusing to do so the evening before. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1607. J1607. The testament of the dog. The owner of a dog has him given Christian burial. The bishop thereupon pretends that the dog has left the church a large legacy. *Anderson FFC XLII 359 n 3; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 72; **Feilberg “Hundens Testament” Festskrift til E. T. Kristensen 11ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 96.

J1608. J1608. Ass’s charter in his hoof. The ass absents himself from the parliament of beasts. The lion sends the fox and the wolf to summon him. He pleads his charter of exemption and invites the fox to read it in his hoof. (Cf. K551.18.) Herbert III 53; Crane Vitry 147 No. 33; Baum MLN XXXVII 350; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1611. J1611. The stolen meat and the weighed cat. A man buys three pounds of meat. His wife eats it and says that the cat ate it. The man weighs the cat and finds that it does not weigh three pounds. *Type 1373; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 232 No. 87, *II 185 No. 348.

J1612. J1612. The lazy ass repaid in kind. Loaded with salt, he falls down in the river and lightens his burden. His master then loads him with sponges so that the next time the ass tries the trick he increases his load. Type 211***; Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 372), 98 (ST 126); Halm Aesop No. 322.

J1613. J1613. The rescuers‘ Sabbath. A Jew, fallen into a pit, refuses to be rescued on Saturday, his Sabbath. The next day he calls for help but the Christians refuse to rescue him on Sunday, their Sabbath. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 100 No 84; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 389.

J1614. J1614. The forehanded servant. A parson boasts that when he asks his maid if certain work is done she always answers that it has been done long ago. A guest wagers that she can be trapped if she is asked whether she has thrown the parson’s suit of clothes into the tub of water. She overhears the wager and has the suit in the water before he asks the question. Bolte Frey‘s Gartengesellschaft 252 No. 92.

J1615. J1615. That which was promised him. A tenant promises his daughter to his master against her will. The master sends for “that which was promised him.” The daughter sends the horse, and it is taken into the master’s chamber. *Type 1440.

J1616. J1616. St. Peter not guiltless. Soldiers are admitted neither to hell nor to heaven. They remind Peter of his denial of Christ. He admits them. *Wesselski Bebel I 155 No. 84.

J1617. J1617. God‘s omniscience. A woman tells her brother of God’s omniscience. When he is ill and the priest has been called, he creeps under some straw and hides. The priest leaves. The man: “If God were so omniscient he might have found me for the priest.” Wesselski Bebel II 119 No. 57.

J1618. J1618. The one word petition. A guardian of monks in need of food approaches the prince The prince is busy and says that he will permit the guardian but a single word. The guardian says, “Soup”, and secures all the food he wants from the prince. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 64.

J1621. J1621. Sharing his wounds. Two men on parting agree to share everything they receive. One returns with much money. His friend reminds him of the pact. He replies that he has also received many wounds. The friend is willing to forego dividing. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 169; Mensa Philosophica No. 35.

J1622. J1622. The blacksmith‘s and the horse-trader’s dreams. They are forced to sleep together because of lack of room. The blacksmith tells the horsetrader that he often dreams that he is striking the bellows and that he may accidently strike him in the night. The horsetrader retaliates by dreaming that he is riding a horse and drives the spurs into the blacksmith. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 109.

J1623. J1623. Drunkard cured of seeing double. When he claims to see two roast chickens, his wife takes the one chicken away and he falls into the fire trying to find the other. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 140.

J1624. J1624. The priest makes the omen come true. A woman crosses herself when she meets a priest, as if he were the devil. She says that meeting a priest always brings her bad luck. The priest knocks her down and steps on her. “As ye believe, so shall it be.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 151.

J1625. J1625. Armies like seeds and peppercorns. One king sends large sack of seed to the other to represent the number of his soldiers. The second replies with a small bag of peppercorns: “My army is small compared to yours but has all the power of the peppercorn compared to your lifeless seed.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 722.

J1626. J1626. The sound of the harp. An apprentice harpmaker is blamed that he has not made the harp sound. He throws the harp at his master‘s head and breaks it to pieces: “There you have your sound.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 722.

J1627. J1627. To give the accounting afterward. A nobleman embezzles money from the public treasury. When counsellors urge an accounting, he replies that he is ready as soon as they have themselves made an accounting of all their transactions. They are ready to let well enough alone. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 800.

J1628. J1628. Taking cold in effigy. A traitor is hanged in effigy naked. Later the citizens sue for peace and arrange a meeting. They find him in a hot room swathed with many blankets. He says that he has taken cold when the night wind blew on him as he hung naked from the gallows. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 542.

J1631. J1631. An expensive joke. A shoemaker’s apprentice greases boots as he would grease a fowl. The owner in anger returns and breaks a window. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 642.

J1632. J1632. The minstrel repays the cobbler. The cobbler learns the minstrel‘s songs and sings them so that the minstrel loses his trade. He in turn sews the cobbler’s leather into crazy shapes. He has done no worse than the cobbler, who marred his songs. When they sing together the people realize the contrast and patronize the minstrel. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 139 No. 1695A*, Keller.

J1633. J1633. Brotherly love and patience both dead. A man failing to receive alms in a village, rings the bell for mass. He tells the sexton that he is ringing because of the death of brotherly love. The sexton rings another bell. It is for the death of the other man‘s patience. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 474.

J1634. J1634. To follow the king. In order to test a favorite, a king says that he is going to retire from the world and offers the regency to the favorite. On advice from his philosopher, the favorite says that he is going to accompany the king into retirement. *Chauvin II 148 No. 1, III 98 No. 2; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1635. J1635. Robber gives priest double his penance and then takes his horse. Mensa Philosophica No. 53; Shakespeare Jest Books III (Certayne Conceyts and Jeasts) 11 No. 22.

J1636. J1636. He has a family to support. Ruler to servant stealing his game: “If you wish any I’ll send you some.” U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1638. J1638. Sticking to the rules. Merchant at inn deprives monk of fowl. “It‘s against the rules of your order.” Later the monk undertakes to help merchant across stream. In the middle of the stream he asks the merchant if he has any money. “Yes.” The monk drops him in the water. “It’s against the rules of our order to have any money on us.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1647. J1647. Priest asked to preach short sermon does so saying to congregation only that they are wicked. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1648. J1648. Do not start here. Man asks directions to a certain place. Native attempts to give directions, then in disgust says, “If I wanted to go to ----, I wouldn‘t start from here.” U.S.: Baughman.

J1650-J1699.

J1650-J1699. Miscellaneous clever acts.

J1651. J1651. The abbot cannot find his needle. An undesirable abbot furnishes adequate grounds for his dismissal when he cannot find the needle that all monks are supposed to carry with them. If careless in little things he will be careless in great. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 62.

J1652. J1652. Kissing the mother first. Oracle that the first of three sons to kiss his mother will be king. One of them kisses the earth, mother of all. He succeeds. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 171.

J1653. J1653. Using the lamb to get an audience. Peasant calls on lawyer for advice. Lawyer says that he is busy. Peasant returns with lamb. The lawyer hears its bleat and grants the audience. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1655. J1655. Clever ways of concealing jewels (treasure).

J1655.1. J1655.1. Jewels concealed in cowdung cakes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1655.2. J1655.2. Valuable rubies baked in bread. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1655.3. J1655.3. Coins concealed in jar of oil (pickles). India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1661. J1661. Clever deductions.

J1661.1. J1661.1. Deductions from observation.

J1661.1.1. J1661.1.1. Deduction: the one-eyed camel. A she-camel has passed, blind in one eye; on the one side she carries wine and on the other vinegar; two men lead her, one a heathen and the other a Jew. Solution: She is recognized as a she-camel by the footprints; she is blind because she feeds on only one side of the road; the wine dropping down has soaked into the earth; the vinegar makes bubbles; the heathen is not so careful in his manners as is the Jew. **Fischer-Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 198ff.; Gaster Exempla 195 No. 51; *Penzer VI 287; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 101 No. 55.

J1661.1.1.1. J1661.1.1.1. Deduction: the camel ridden by a pregnant woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1661.1.2. J1661.1.2. Deduction: the king is a bastard. After dinner the king begins to dance. He is therefore called illegitimate. His mother acknowledges an intrigue with a dancer. *Type 655; *Fischer-Bolte Reise der Sцhne Giaffers 198ff.; *Gaster Exempla 195 No. 51; Herrmann Saxo II 265ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1661.1.2.1. J1661.1.2.1. Deduction: magistrate is a bastard. Korean: Zong in-Sob 102ff. No. 55.

J1661.1.3. J1661.1.3. Deduction: bread made by a sick woman. It falls apart; therefore it was kneaded by a weak person. *Chauvin VII 159 No. 438.

J1661.1.4. J1661.1.4. Deduction: mare has she-buffalo as mother. Told by shape of hoofs. Chauvin VII 162 No. 439.

J1661.1.5. J1661.1.5. Deduction: horse has been brought up on ass’s milk. Has drooping ears. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1661.1.5.1. J1661.1.5.1. Deduction: animal has been brought up on dog‘s milk. Can not get enough to eat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1661.1.6. J1661.1.6. Deduction: insect inside precious stone. The jewel is warm. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1661.1.7. J1661.1.7. Deduction: prince plays with children because he has been denied a normal youth. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1661.1.8. J1661.1.8. Deduction: one-eyed, long-bearded thief is named Kale Khan. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1661.1.9. J1661.1.9. Banker able to recognize honest merchant by a single hair of his mustache. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1661.1.10. J1661.1.10. Clever deduction of wise man: the theft of a cauldron detected. Cauldron has been buried in river. Thief has no taste of salt on his body: he must have been immersed in fresh water recently. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1661.2. J1661.2. Clever deductions by eating, smelling, drinking, etc. Penzer VI 285; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1661.3. J1661.3. Person describes approaching bands of warriors without recognizing them. Another (interlocutor) identifies them. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1662. J1662. The cat’s only trick. She saves herself on a tree. The fox, who knows a hundred tricks, is captured. *Type 105; *BP II 119; *Fb “kat” II 108b, “rжv” III 114a; *Krohn Am Urquell III 177ff.; Magoun California Folklore Quarterly IV 390ff., Jacobs Aesop 209 No. 38; Wienert FFC LVI 66 (ET 303), 143 (ST 492); Halm Aesop 65; *Chauvin III 54 No. 10; *Herbert III 36ff. -- Roumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No 33 I*; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; cf. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 215 No. 37 (turtle goes into hole).

J1662.1. J1662.1. One basket of wit better than twelve carloads of it. Female jackal saves herself and husband by quick thinking. (Cf. K622.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1664. J1664. Clever solution of debated question.

J1664.1. J1664.1. Which is coldest season? Rainy season or winter (debate between animals). Solution by man as umpire: neither as cold as windy season. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1671. J1671. The inventive coachman. Makes the horses run by binding a bundle of hay to the shaft. Type 1576*.

J1672. J1672. Clever use of human weakness. Penny demanded of every bad man, two pennies of every good man. Thus two pennies received from every man. Irish myth: Cross.

J1675. J1675. Clever dealing with a king.

J1675.1. J1675.1. Clever ways of attracting the king’s attention.

J1675.1.1. J1675.1.1. King‘s attention attracted by fighting when it cannot be otherwise gained. *Chauvin VII 162 No. 439 n. 1.

J1675.1.2. J1675.1.2. Unjust action brought to inform king of judge’s malfeasance. Husband is imprisoned and wife detained by judge. She accuses her husband of having stolen her. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 287, 378.

J1675.2. J1675.2. Clever ways of breaking bad news to a king, who will kill bearer of bad tidings.

J1675.2.1. J1675.2.1. Tidings brought to the king: You said it, not I. The messenger arranges it so that the king says the words in the form of a question. *Anderson FFC XLII 362; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 111 No. 925B.

J1675.3. J1675.3. King‘s capriciousness censured: the ass in the stream. A nobleman seeing an ass letting water in a river remarks that it reminds him of his king. He explains to the king that just as the ass puts water where it is already plentiful, so the king awards wealth where it is not needed. The king says that it is all in the nature of the nobleman’s fate. Subsequent events prove this. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 836; Boccaccio Decameron X No. 1; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1675.4. J1675.4. One-eyed king has rocks counted on pain of death. Clever man avoids saying “one” (which king considers a curse on his one eye) by saying that first is the rock that must not be called by name. Africa (Vai): Ellis 216 No. 30.

J1675.5. J1675.5. Abbot gives king unique concert. Separates hogs into tenors, bassos, etc. So arranges them that when he pricks them they render a tune. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1675.6. J1675.6. Poet goes to king to complain of destruction of his dwelling. King requires story. Poet recites list, ending with account of the destruction of his dun. Reparation granted. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1675.7. J1675.7. Clever hero feigns dullness so as to avenge himself on king. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1675.8. J1675.8. Son of God to see king. When steadily unable to be admitted to presence of a king, a clever man demands an interview saying he is the son of God come down to earth and will condescend to see the king. When asked to show the king Heaven and the path to it, the pretender retorts that when he was sent down by the Father, he was told to look to matters relating to this earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1678. J1678. Settling the dispute. Two men cannot agree to bride‘s dowry. Third party tells each parent that the other has agreed. Marriage. “Now that you are relatives you can settle it between yourselves.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1682. J1682. Taunts of charioteer to rouse anger in master (who is losing battle) so that he may fight more vigorously. Irish myth: *Cross.

J1684. J1684. Poet uses words which student cannot understand and so confounds him. (Cf. J1803.) Irish myth: *Cross.

J1700-J2799.

J1700-J2799. FOOLS (AND OTHER UNWISE PERSONS)

J1700-J1729.

J1700-J1729. Fools (general).

J1700. J1700. Fools. **Clouston Noodles; *Field Myth of the Pent Cuckoo; *Types 1200-1349, 1381-1387, 1430, 1450, 1642, 1643, 1653B, 1675, 1680-1696, 1725, 1750, 1775; *Bolte Frey’s Gartengesellschaft No. 1; Kцhler-Bolte I 135. -- Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 299 No. 18; Hindu: Penzer V 67ff., 80ff., 113ff., 117 n. 1; Oceanic (German New Guinea, Banks Is., New Hebrides): Dixon 124f.; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 295ff. nn. 81, 84-87, 92, 95, 103, 109f., 109h, 109k, 109y 109bb, 109dd, 270a-270c, 271b, 286.

J1701. J1701. Stupid wife. *Types 1380--1404; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 187b nn. 145 --149; Christensen DF L 35; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

J1701.1. J1701.1. Extravagant woman whose husband continually finds fault with her. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1702. J1702. Stupid husband. *Type 1361, 1405-1423; Jewish: Neuman.

J1703. J1703. Town (country) of fools. **Christensen DF XLVII; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1705. J1705. Stupid classes.

J1705.1. J1705.1. Stupid peasant. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 187b.

J1705.2. J1705.2. Stupid (ignorant) Brahmin. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1705.3. J1705.3. Foolish pundits. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1705.4. J1705.4. Foolish king. Jewish: Neuman.

J1706. J1706. Stupid animals.

J1706.1. J1706.1. Tiger as stupid beast. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1710. J1710. Association with fools.

J1711. J1711. Numskulls go a-travelling. (Cf. J1742.) *BP II 555; **Field Myth of the Pent Cuckoo.

J1711.1. J1711.1. Animals helpless in sea-voyage together. Sheep, duck, and cock in peril The duck swims; the cock flies to the mast. *Type 204; *Fb “and” IV 12.

J1712. J1712. Numskulls quarrel over a greeting. Three men greeted by a stranger. Quarrel as to whom he greeted. “I greeted the biggest fool among you.” A contest is held in which tales are told to decide which is the biggest fool. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 263 No. 237; Christensen DF L 91; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 484.

J1713. J1713. Foolish married couples. (Cf. J1701, J1702.) *Type 1430.

J1713.1. J1713.1. How he knew she was baking cakes. Husband actually knows from observation but wife thinks he has supernatural knowledge and spreads his fame India: Thompson-Balys.

J1714. J1714. Association of wise men with fools. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1714.1. J1714.1. A wise man follows a fool against his better judgment. Both are put to death for their foolishness. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 26; Herbert III 192; Alphabet No. 722; Oesterley No. 67; Scala Celi 75a No. 428; Africa (Vai): Ellis 242.

J1714.2. J1714.2. The wise man and the rain of fools. A wise man is persuaded to taste water which has turned many persons into fools. He also becomes a fool. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 34, 54.

J1714.3. J1714.3. When with fools, act foolish. A wise man refuses to join a foolish crowd who stayed out in an unexpected rain after a long drought. He is punished by them for being a fool. *Wesselski Arlotto II 224 No. 91.

J1714.3.1. J1714.3.1. Forty wise men foretell violent rainstorm. Failing to convince people, they go into a cave. After the shower they come out. The people call them fools. Irish myth: Cross.

J1714.4. J1714.4. Author believes that his book must be stupid. Stupid people and gossipers are praising it. Spanish: Childers.

J1714.5. J1714.5. Old man silent in king‘s presence asks king what he himself does when in company with a fool. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1715. J1715. A fool objects to fools as companions. Leaves when placed between two fools at table. Wesselski Bebel I 179 No. 25.

J1717. J1717. Three silly pundits sent to a raja as the two-footed cattle he had demanded. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1730-J1749.

J1730-J1749. Absurd ignorance.

J1730. J1730. Absurd ignorance.

J1730.1. J1730.1. Hero does not learn his name until after first adventure. Irish myth: Cross.

J1731. J1731. The city person ignorant of the farm.

J1731.1. J1731.1. The city girl: Do turnips grow in the ground or on trees? Type 2010*.

J1731.2. J1731.2. Man wants roasted honeycomb. Unwilling to admit that he does not know what a honeycomb is, a stupid man asks the innkeeper’s wife to roast a slice of honeycomb. Spanish: Childers.

J1732. J1732. Ignorance of certain foods.

J1732.1. J1732.1. Fool unacquainted with sausage. He squeezes the inside out and takes the covering for a sack. Type 1316*; cf. Christensen DF XLVII 216 No. 76.

J1732.2. J1732.2. Fool is unacquainted with bananas, throws away the fruit, finds the rest bitter. (Similar for watermelon, plums.) England, Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1732.3. J1732.3. Woman is unacquainted with tea, serves the boiled leaves with butter. Scotland: Baughman.

J1733. J1733. Why the pigs shriek. The sheep does not understand why the pig being carried to slaughter shrieks. Wienert FFC LVI 60 (ET 222), 91 (ST 32); Halm Aesop No. 115.

J1734. J1734. Layman‘s ignorance of medicine.

J1734.1. J1734.1. Urine diagnosis to tell where a man comes from. A farmer takes some of his master’s urine for examination. The doctor asks where the man comes from. “You will soon see,” says the man, expecting the analysis to tell. (Cf. K2321.1.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 857; Christensen DF L 72; ibid. DF XLVII 202f. Nos. 42, 47.

J1735. J1735. Fool cannot tell his right hand in the dark. *Clouston Noodles 91.

J1735.1. J1735.1. How to tell the right hand in the dark. Numskull keeps the candle at his right side as he goes to bed so that he can do so. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 235 No. 104.

J1736. J1736. Fools and the unknown animal.

J1736.1. J1736.1. Fools do not know what a crayfish is. Shoot it and build a rampart around it. *Wesselski Bebel II 114 No. 43.

J1736.2. J1736.2. Fools do not know what an owl is and attack it. BP III 286.

J1736.3. J1736.3. Unknown animal: a pig captured in a pit. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1737. J1737. Foolish lover ignorant of mistress‘s flaws.

J1737.1. J1737.1. Foolish lover does not know that his mistress lacks an eye. Only after his return from an absence does he notice it. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 407; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1738. J1738. Ignorance of religious matters.

J1738.1. J1738.1. Ignorant priest forces rolls of cloth instead of bread down a dying man’s throat. Wesselski Bebel I 222 No. 116.

J1738.2. J1738.2. Living crucifix chosen. Peasants take their old crucifix to an artist for a new one. The artist asks them whether they want a living or dead crucifix. Argument: living God takes less for upkeep and he can be killed later. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 409; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1738.3. J1738.3. Numskulls surprised at news that God has a son. Christensen DF XLVII 205 No. 53A; U.S.: Baughman.

J1738.4. J1738.4. Numskulls surprised to hear that God‘s son has died. Christensen DF XLVII 205 No. 53B; U.S.: Baughman.

J1738.5. J1738.5. Standing up for the friendless. Preacher in backwoods asks congregation members who are friends of Jesus to rise. No one rises. “What, are there no friends of Jesus in this house?” A cowboy rises to his feet: “Stranger, I don’t know who this man Jesus is. I never heard of him before, but I‘ll stand up for any man who hasn’t got any more friends than he has.” U.S.: Baughman.

J1738.6. J1738.6. Letting in the light. Backwoods preacher tells couple that they are living in darkness. The woman responds that she has been trying for years to get her husband to cut a window in the house. U.S.: *Baughman.

J1738.7. J1738.7. Ignorant people told religious holiday is coming the next day: camel appears and is feasted. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1738.8. J1738.8. Men hide so that God will not see their sin. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1741. J1741. Priests (schoolmasters) ignorant of Latin.

J1741.1. J1741.1. Evangelium secundum Pergamum. Pergamus, a rival city of Luca, objects to the reading of the Evangelium secundum Lucam, insisting that it be “secundum Pergamum”. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 345.

J1741.2. J1741.2. “Agnus dei” as a prayer for money. An ignorant schoolmaster interprets many of the texts of scripture as commands for the priests to live lives of luxury. Bolte Frey‘s Gartengesellschaft 213 No. 8.

J1741.3. J1741.3. Prearranged answers in Latin not always successful. (Essentially same as X111.9.) Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 7.

J1741.3.1. J1741.3.1. Stupid scholar memorizes set answers to oral examination in Latin. The questions are not given in the order he expects; comic results. England: Baughman.

J1742. J1742. The countryman in the great world.

J1742.1. J1742.1. Countryman expects to find persons from his own village when he travels to another land. *Wesselski Bebel II 139 No. 122.

J1742.2. J1742.2. His address: a big high house. Mayor asked about where he lives, names his village and directs the enquirer to a big high house. Wesselski Bebel I 182 No. 31.

J1742.3. J1742.3. Peasants in city inn order whole portion of mustard. Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 1316*.

J1742.3.1. J1742.3.1. Countryman visiting rich relative in the city refuses to eat dessert: “No, I am not hungry.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1742.4. J1742.4. Peasant surprised that king is not larger than other men. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 70.

J1742.5. J1742.5. Countryman misunderstands comforts of city. Thinks latrine is kitchen, refuses to take a walk because he fears high houses will fall upon him, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1742.5.1. J1742.5.1. Boy who has never seen a real carpet, hops around the side of the room to avoid stepping on the cloth on the floor. U.S.: Baughman.

J1743. J1743. Ignorance of dates.

J1743.1. J1743.1. All sins since the birth of Christ. A stupid man at confession says, “I confess myself guilty of all sins that I have committed since Christ’s birth.” “Are you so old?” “Yes, and I have a brother who is three years older than I.” Wesselski Bebel II 106 No. 17; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 295.

J1743.2. J1743.2. Family do not realize that Lent has arrived until it is Palm Sunday. Then they explain that Lent will be short because it has been a short winter. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 89; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1743.3. J1743.3. Wash Bee Day. Woman misinterprets calendar notation “February 22, Wash. B‘day.” Washes their bee-hives. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 697.

J1744. J1744. Ignorance of marriage relations. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J1744.1. J1744.1. Bridegroom does not know what to do on his wedding night. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1744.1.1. J1744.1.1. Bridegroom gets into bed. The numskull groom on his wedding night does not know how to get to the bed, the curtains being drawn. He scales one of the posts, clambers to the canopy, falls upon his bride below, who screams for help. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1745. J1745. Absurd ignorance of sex.

J1745.1. J1745.1. Fool cannot tell sex of nudes, since they have no clothes on. U.S.: Baughman.

J1745.2. J1745.2. Foolish girl ignorant of what is happening at her first menses. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1746. J1746. Ignorance of reading.

J1746.1. J1746.1. Fool weeps each time he reads a book to see how small letters have become: at school they were big and fat. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1747. J1747. The archbishop‘s wife and family. Fool asks what he is to talk about when guests arrive. Is told: “Their wives and family.” He asks the archbishop about his family. (Cf. J2461.2.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1748. J1748. Absurd ignorance of the use of spectacles. Christensen DF XLVII 226 No. 89.

J1749. J1749. Absurd ignorance--miscellaneous.

J1749.1. J1749.1. Fool thinks that “aforesaid” is a title of honor. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1749.2. J1749.2. Ignorant notary cannot draw up document. The names of the participants are not the same as those in his sample form. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1750-J1849.

J1750-J1849. Absurd misunderstandings.

J1750-J1809.

J1750-J1809. ONE THING MISTAKEN FOR ANOTHER

J1750. J1750. One animal mistaken for another.

J1751. J1751. Dungbeetle thought to be bee. “I know you well enough, you have put on a blue coat.” Type 1317*.

J1752. J1752. Wolf thought to be colt. In the man‘s absence eats the mare. *Type 1311.

J1753. J1753. Bear thought to be dog. Type 1312*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1313.

J1754. J1754. Ass thought to be hare. Type 1316****.

J1755. J1755. Earthworm thought to be snake (or other monster). Type 1316***.

J1756. J1756. Other animals thought to be a giant cat. Hero in search of monster brings home a dog, zebra, etc. thinking it is the animal he seeks. Zanzibar: Bateman 160 No. 8.

J1757. J1757. Rabbit thought to be a cow. Servant sent to bring in cows is found chasing rabbits. BP III 260 (Grimm No. 162); U.S.: Baughman.

J1758. J1758. Tiger (lion, etc.) mistaken for domestic animal.

J1758.1. J1758.1. Tiger mistaken for goat. Fool trying to steal goat in dark catches thieving tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1758.1.1. J1758.1.1. Fool rides tiger thinking it to be a big male-goat. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1758.2. J1758.2. Tiger thought to be dog. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1758.3. J1758.3. Tiger mistaken for ass. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1758.4. J1758.4. Thief mistakes leopard for calf (ass). India: Thompson-Balys.

J1758.5. J1758.5. Lion thought to be donkey: drunkard rides it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1758.5.1. J1758.5.1. Thief thinks lion is horse. Rides him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1758.6. J1758.6. Stupid husband mistakes tiger-cubs for jungle cats despite wife’s judgment. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1759. J1759. Other mistaken animals. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1759.1. J1759.1. Scotsman thinks moose is a mouse, asks what rats look like in this country. (Cf. X1423.) Canada: Baughman.

J1759.2. J1759.2. Hunter mistakes louse on his eyelash for game. He shoots several times before he notices the trouble. U.S.: *Baughman.

J1759.3. J1759.3. Numskull thinks fireflies are mosquitoes carrying lanterns to find victims. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1759.4. J1759.4. Bull mistaken for horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1759.4.1. J1759.4.1. Calf mistaken for colt. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1759.5. J1759.5. Cat‘s tail mistaken for worm. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1760. J1760. Animal or person mistaken for something else.

J1761. J1761. Animal thought to be object.

J1761.1. J1761.1. Whale thought to be island. Sailors light a fire on his back. *Chauvin VII 9 n. 1 No. 373A; *Fb “fish” I 296b, “[ц]” III 1159b; Gunter 84; *Gaster Beitrдge 53ff.; *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 448 n. 84. -- Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Penzer II 193; B[ц]dker Exempler 286 No. 34; Indonesian: DeVries’s list No. 210.

J1761.1.1. J1761.1.1. Turtle thought to be an island. U.S.: Baughman.

J1761.1.2. J1761.1.2. Serpent is taken for island. U.S.: Baughman.

J1761.2. J1761.2. White mare thought to be church. Type 1315**.

J1761.3. J1761.3. Glowworm thought to be a fire. The bird who tries to keep the monkeys from this error is killed for her pains. Chauvin II 90 No. 32; B[ц]dker Exempler 286 No. 34; Penzer V 58f.

J1761.4. J1761.4. Fish thought to be chewed sugar-cane. Numskulls therefore throw away their fish. Indonesian: DeVries‘s list No. 262.

J1761.5. J1761.5. Wolf thought to be log of wood. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bыche”.

J1761.6. J1761.6. Snake thought to be flute. Bites tiger who tries to play flute. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1761.6.1. J1761.6.1. Snake mistaken for a whip by a blind man. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1761.7. J1761.7. Living toad or beetles thought to be lost food and therefore eaten by numskulls. Christensen DF XLVII 188, 199 Nos. 13, 31.

J1761.8. J1761.8. Man mistakes dragon for log, sits on it. (Cf. B11.) England: Baughman.

J1761.9. J1761.9. Bear mistaken for a floating log (blanket). India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1761.10. J1761.10. Blind men and elephant. Four blind men feel an elephant’s leg, tail, ear and body, respectively, and conclude it is like a log, a rope, a fan, and something without beginning or end. *Taylor English Riddles in Oral Tradition (Berkeley, 1951) 582 n. 11; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1761.11. J1761.11. Fool mistakes dung-beetles for fruit: eats them. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1762. J1762. Animal thought to be a person.

J1762.0.1. J1762.0.1. Animals mistaken for messengers. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1762.1. J1762.1. Goose mistaken for a tailor. In a ghost house he is thought to be a tailor who snips the devil with his scissors. *Fb “gеs” I 528b.

J1762.1.2. J1762.1.2. Crab mistaken for tailor. Christensen DF XLVII 171.

J1762.2. J1762.2. Bear on haywagon (on horse) thought to be the preacher. *Type 116.

J1762.2.1. J1762.2.1. The bear mistaken for a saint. The godless man is cheated and attacks a bear thinking it is a saint, and barely escapes with his life. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1705; Russian: Andrejev No. *2103.

J1762.3. J1762.3. Crab caught on tiger‘s tail thought to be pursuing man. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1762.4. J1762.4. Deer thought to be man with basket on head. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 698.

J1762.5. J1762.5. Bees (wasps) mistaken for Jutlanders, etc. Christensen DF XLVII 222 No. 85.

J1762.6. J1762.6. Dressed up monkey thought to be a nobleman. Christensen DF XLVII 197, 231 No. 23.

J1762.7. J1762.7. Lobsters mistaken for Norwegians. Christensen DF XLVII 206 No. 56.

J1762.8. J1762.8. Bear mistaken for a foreigner. The strong man meets a bear in the forest, takes it for a German and struggles with it. Having strangled the bear, fears he has killed a man. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1283*.

J1762.9. J1762.9. Foolish wife believes goats’ heads are human heads. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1763. J1763. Person thought to be an object.

J1763.1. J1763.1. Small priest covered with large hat thought to be a hat. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 37.

J1763.2. J1763.2. Girl mistaken for stone. Espinosa JAFL XXVII 119--129.

J1763.3. J1763.3. Sleeping soldier thought to be recumbent statue in chapel. Heptameron No. 65.

J1765. J1765. Person thought to be animal. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1765.1. J1765.1. Shepherd taken to be she-ass. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1765.2. J1765.2. Man taken to be sheep. (Cf. X424.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1766. J1766. One person mistaken for another.

J1766.1. J1766.1. Horsemen thought to be men mounted on cattle. Irish myth: Cross.

J1769. J1769. Other creatures with mistaken identity.

J1769.1. J1769.1. Giant thought to be a hill. BP III 333 (Grimm No. 183).

J1769.2. J1769.2. Dead man is thought to be alive. U.S.: *Baughman.

J1769.2.1. J1769.2.1. Dead mistaken for the living. Man with abhorrence for corpse sleeps with one thinking it alive. (Cf. H1410.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1769.3. J1769.3. Fool lays his hand on demon in the dark, believing it is male goat he has come to steal. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1770. J1770. Objects with mistaken identity. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1771. J1771. Object thought to be animal.

J1771.1. J1771.1. Big tree thought to be snake. Killed with guns and spears. Type 1315.

J1771.2. J1771.2. Old sausage (roll) taken for frightening animal. Christensen DF XLVII 174 no. 2.

J1771.3. J1771.3. Object thought to be a turkey. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1771.4. J1771.4. Bush thought to be elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1771.5. J1771.5. Island thought to be large dog. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 448.

J1772. J1772. One object thought to be another. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J1772.1. J1772.1. Pumpkin thought to be an ass‘s egg. Numskull thinks he has hatched out an ass’s egg. He thinks that the rabbit which runs out is the colt. *Type 1319; *BP I 317ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte I 323; *Clouston Noodles 38; *Fb “жg” III 1142a; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 249 No. 163; Christensen DF XLVII 208 no. 63. -- Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 157; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oeuf”, “вne” “liиvre”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

J1772.1.1. J1772.1.1. Boy thinks terrapin hatches from bedbug eggs. Small boy examines bedbug eggs under pillow every morning. One morning he finds a terrapin there. “I don‘t see how we raised this so quick.” U.S.: Baughman.

J1772.1.2. J1772.1.2. Potatoes mistaken for “irregular eggs”, or “eggs of the earth.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1772.2. J1772.2. Dog mistakes mussel for an egg. Cuts his mouth. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 268), 107 (ST 199); Halm Aesop No. 223.

J1772.3. J1772.3. Coins thought to be red beans. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 4.

J1772.3.1. J1772.3.1. Coins thought to be uncooked cakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1772.4. J1772.4. Culture hero’s pubic hair thought to be bear hair. N. A. Indian (Peoria, Kickapoo, Potawatomi): Michelson JAFL XXX 494.

J1772.4.1. J1772.4.1. Pubic hair of ardent husband‘s wife thought to be calf’s tail by peasant in tree. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 12.

J1772.5. J1772.5. Man puts food bowl on head thinking it a helmet. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 413.

J1772.6. J1772.6. Fish bones in soup thought to be underdone peas. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 73.

J1772.7. J1772.7. Fools think evening star is morning star. Start morning journey evening before. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1772.8. J1772.8. Cotton pods knocked off by bullock thought to be lumps of bullock‘s fat. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1772.9. J1772.9. Excrements thought to be meat and therefore eaten. Christensen DF XLVII 192 No. 18; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1772.9.1. J1772.9.1. Excrement thought to be berries. Numskull tries to sell it. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J1772.10. J1772.10. Gun thought to be clarinet: one man blows, another presses the “keys”. (Cf. K1057.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1861*.

J1772.11. J1772.11. Boot mistaken for an axe-sheath. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1282*.

J1772.12. J1772.12. Foolish tiger thinks dog’s tail is a gun. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1772.13. J1772.13. Frog thinks cattle are distant country. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1772.14. J1772.14. Eight-oared ferry-boat mistaken for an animal which must have long legs to wade the stream. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1780. J1780. Things thought to be devils, ghosts, etc. Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 57 No. 83.

J1781. J1781. Objects thought to be the devil.

J1781.1. J1781.1. Steamship thought to be the devil. Type 1315*.

J1781.2. J1781.2. Watch mistaken for the devil‘s eye. Knocked to pieces. Type 1321*; Christensen DF XLVII 187; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1679*.

J1781.3. J1781.3. Glowing wheel supposed to be the devil. Christensen DF XLVII 184ff.

J1782. J1782. Things thought to be ghosts.

J1782.1. J1782.1. Robber or dog in church thought to be a ghost. Type 1318*.

J1782.1.1. J1782.1.1. Cows in church thought to be ghost. U.S.: Baughman.

J1782.2. J1782.2. Dropping dough thought to be a ghost. It drops on the floor and the man thinks the place is haunted. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 137 No. 101; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 47 No. 101.

J1782.2.1. J1782.2.1. Sound of water dripping on dinner pail thought to be ghost using pick in mine. U.S.: Baughman.

J1782.3. J1782.3. Noise in house thought to be ghost. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1782.4. J1782.4. Man sleeping in stable (abandoned cabin) thinks entering animals are ghosts: kills them. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3445, Legends Nos. 872ff.; U.S.: Baughman.

J1782.5. J1782.5. Animal with lighted candle thought to be ghost. (Cf. K335.0.5.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

J1782.6. J1782.6. Person in white thought to be ghost. U.S.: Baughman.

J1782.7. J1782.7. Sleep-walker thought to be a ghost until discovered. U.S.: Baughman.

J1782.8. J1782.8. Person in haunted house shoots off all his toes thinking they are ghosts. (Cf. J1838.) U.S.: Baughman.

J1783. J1783. Thing thought to be corpse.

J1783.1. J1783.1. Butter cask thought to be a dead man. Fools knock it in two. Type 1314.

J1784. J1784. Things thought to be spirits. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3446, Legends Nos. 875-885.

J1784.1. J1784.1. Laughter of boy thought to be spirits’ laughter. Africa (Masai): Fuchs 21ff. No. 4.

J1785. J1785. Animals thought to be the devils or ghosts. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 886ff.

J1785.1. J1785.1. Grasshopper thought to be the devil. *Field Pent Cuckoo 7; England: Baughman.

J1785.2. J1785.2. Crab thought to be the devil. Becomes red. Type 1310*.

J1785.3. J1785.3. Ass thought to be the devil. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1785.4. J1785.4. Man sees Hereford cow at night; thinks it is devil, says, “Devil I deny thee! I am a psalmsinger and a worshiper of God!” England: Baughman.

J1785.4.1. J1785.4.1. Man addresses colt: “Abide, Satan! I am a righteous man and a psalm singer.” England: Baughman.

J1785.5. J1785.5. Cat mistaken for devil. Fool in the dark mistakes cat‘s eyes for embers. Is attacked by the cat and he thinks it is the devil. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1785.6. J1785.6. Fox in coffer thought to be devil. Pierre Faifeu No. XXXII.

J1785.7. J1785.7. Black sheep thought to be the devil. Christensen DF XLVII no. 64.

J1786. J1786. Man thought to be a devil or ghost. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 868--871, 890; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1786.1. J1786.1. Man costumed as demon thought to be devil; thieves flee. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1786.2. J1786.2. Woman thought to be devil; thieves flee. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1786.3. J1786.3. Man mistaken for Famine and Cholera in person. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1786.4. J1786.4. Priest exorcising demon mistaken for demon and beaten to death. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1786.5. J1786.5. Man thought to be devil by lion. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1786.6. J1786.6. Men, on first seeing wives with hair, think they are witches and run away. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1786.7. J1786.7. Lion thinks man astride him is monster: frightened. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1786.8. J1786.8. Man reported to be dead so that people flee from him as from a ghost. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1789. J1789. Things thought at night to be other frightful object.

J1789.1. J1789.1. Windmill thought to be holy cross (church, God). Type 1322**; Christensen DF XLVII 212 No. 68; Russian: Andrejev 1322**; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1789.2. J1789.2. Clock ticking thought to be gnawing of mice. Type 1323*; Christensen DF XLVII 187.

J1790. J1790. Shadow mistaken for substance. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1790.1. J1790.1. Numskull thinks his shadow is a man pursuing him. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1790.2. J1790.2. Shadow mistaken for thief: is beaten. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1790.3. J1790.3. Monkey seeing tiger attack his shadow is frightened so that he falls from tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1791. J1791. Reflection in water thought to be the original of the thing reflected.

J1791.1. J1791.1. Drinking the moon. The numskull sees a cow drink from a pool where the moon is reflected. The moon goes under a cloud. He thinks the cow has eaten the moon and slaughters her to recover it. Type 1335; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 241 No. 124; *Kцhler-Bolte I 90, 498; Christensen DF XLVII 181.

J1791.2. J1791.2. Rescuing the moon. A numskull sees the moon in the water and throws a rope in to rescue it, but falls in himself. He sees the moon in the sky. At least the moon was saved! *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 241 No. 124; Christensen DF XLVII 217--18 no. 78; American Negro: Harris Nights 100 No. 19.

J1791.3. J1791.3. Diving for cheese. Man (animal) sees moon reflected in water and, thinking it a cheese, dives for it. *Type 34; *Dh IV 230f.; *Fb “шst”; *Clouston Noodles 44; *Field Pent Cuckoo 18; Kцhler-Bolte I 107; Christensen DF XLVII 217--18 no. 78; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 206f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 295 n. 81; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 357 (cf. J1791.4).

J1791.3.1. J1791.3.1. Wolf tries to drink well dry to get cheese. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 29 No. 34.

J1791.3.2. J1791.3.2. Dogs by river try to get food in river by drinking the river dry. Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 246), 119 (ST 287); Halm Aesop No. 218.

J1791.3.2.1. J1791.3.2.1. Demon tries to recover object from river by drinking it dry. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1791.3.3. J1791.3.3. Moon‘s reflection thought to be gold in water. Fools dive for it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1791.3.4. J1791.3.4. Jackals jump into well after drums and are killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1791.4. J1791.4. Dog drops his meat for the reflection. Crossing a stream with meat in his mouth he sees his reflection; thinking it another dog with meat he dives for it and loses his meat. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 426; *Chauvin II 85; B[ц]dker Exempler 275 No. 13; Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 270), *105 (ST 178); Halm Aesop No. 233; *Crane Vitry 140 No. 18; Scala Celi 19a No. 111; Jacobs Aesop 199 No. 3.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 357 (cf. J1791.3).

J1791.5. J1791.5. Diving for reflected enemy. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 270a.

J1791.5.1. J1791.5.1. Shooting at enemy’s reflection in water. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 270c.

J1791.5.2. J1791.5.2. Man throws stone at own reflection in water. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1791.5.3. J1791.5.3. Frog leaps into water after elephant‘s reflection. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1791.6. J1791.6. Diving for reflection of beautiful woman. Indonesian, Melanesian: Dixon 227 n. 34; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 270b.

J1791.6.0.1. J1791.6.0.1. Woman dives in water three times after reflected image of man peering down from a tree. Marquesas: Handy 46.

J1791.6.1. J1791.6.1. Ugly woman sees beautiful woman reflected in water and thinks it is herself. Prides herself on her beauty. *Type 408; BP II 121ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9; Indonesian: Dixon 226.

J1791.6.2. J1791.6.2. Ogre sees beautiful woman reflected in water. Attempts to drink the lake dry. (Cf. J1791.3.1.) Type 1141*; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1791.7. J1791.7. Man does not recognize his own reflection in the water. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 276 No. 311; Penzer VI 86f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 17; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 441; American Negro: Harris Remus 68 No. 14.

J1791.7.1. J1791.7.1. Simpleton thinks his reflection in jar of melted butter is thief; strikes at the jar and breaks it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1791.8. J1791.8. Goose dives for star, thinking it a fish. The next day when she sees fish, she lets it escape. Chauvin II 89 No. 28; B[ц]dker Exempler 284 No. 30; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1791.9. J1791.9. Fools see bee‘s nest reflected in water: try to carry off the well. Clouston Noodles 67.

J1791.10. J1791.10. Fool sees golden-crested bird reflected in water. Thinks it is gold. Penzer V 115 n. 1.

J1791.11. J1791.11. Diving for reflected fruit. Meantime rascal steals the fruit itself. Spanish: Espinosa III 206f.; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 37 No. 25.

J1791.12. J1791.12. Elephant frightened at agitated reflection of moon in water. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1792. J1792. Picture mistaken for original.

J1792.1. J1792.1. Dove sees painted cups of water and dashes into them. Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 276), 107 (ST 196); Halm Aesop No. 357.

J1793. J1793. Mask mistaken for face. Jacobs Aesop 204 No. 20; Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 405), 124 (ST 333); Halm Aesop No. 47.

J1794. J1794. Statue mistaken for living original. (Cf. K1840.) Icelandic: Boberg.

J1795. J1795. Image in mirror mistaken for picture. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1795.1. J1795.1. Foolish demon sees his reflection in trickster’s mirror and is convinced he has been captured. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1796. J1796. Moonlight thought to be substance.

J1796.1. J1796.1. Men build hedge to keep in the moonlight. (Cf. J1904.2.) England: Baughman.

J1800. J1800. One thing mistaken for another--miscellaneous.

J1801. J1801. Breath in the cold thought to be tobacco smoke. Type 1320.

J1802. J1802. Words in a foreign language thought to be insults. Type 1322*; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 65.

J1802.1. J1802.1. “I don‘t understand.” Foreigner asks who owns property, clothing, servants; whose wife an attractive woman is; whose funeral is in progress? Answer to each question is “I don’t understand,” which foreigner takes to be a person‘s name. (Cf. J1152, J1741, X111.7.) Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. III (N.F.) 173-8.

J1803. J1803. Learned words misunderstood by uneducated.

J1803.1. J1803.1. Not of legitimate birth. A cleric is asked whether he is of legitimate birth (“de legitimo thoro”). “No, I am not from that place; I am from Schmich.” *Wesselski Bebel II 126 No. 80.

J1803.2. J1803.2. Doctor’s expressions misunderstood. Christensen DF XLVII 208 No. 62.

J1804. J1804. Conversation by sign language mutually misunderstood. *Nyrop Dania II 49ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1805. J1805. Other misunderstandings of words.

J1805.1. J1805.1. Similar sounding words mistaken for each other. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 46.

J1805.1.1. J1805.1.1. To cover house with straw. Word for wife is similar, so wife is covered. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1805.2. J1805.2. Unusual word misunderstood. Strange results.

J1805.2.1. J1805.2.1. Daughter says “Sobur” (wait) to her father when he asks what to bring from the journey. Father finds Prince Sobur. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1805.3. J1805.3. Numskull referring to a forgotten name keeps saying “I have lost it.” People dive into tank to recover treasure they think he has lost. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1805.4. J1805.4. A fool given money to buy something to eat; goes around asking for a thing called “something.” India: Thompson-Balys.

J1806. J1806. Setting sun mistaken for fire. Christensen DF XLVII 176, 196; American Negro: Harris Nights 230 No. 39, Work JAFL XXXII 403, Parsons MAFLS XVI 32.

J1809. J1809. Other things with mistaken identities.

J1809.1. J1809.1. Old woman‘s sneeze mistaken for gunfire. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1810. J1810. Physical phenomena misunderstood.

J1811. J1811. Animal cries misunderstood.

J1811.1. J1811.1. Owl’s hoot misunderstood by lost simpleton. *Wesselski Bebel II 158 No. 183. Cf. BP II 535.

J1811.1.1. J1811.1.1. The old maid answers the owl‘s hoot, saying “Anybody, Lord!” or giving the name of the young man she wants. (Cf. X750.3.) U.S.: *Baughman.

J1811.2. J1811.2. Frog’s cries misunderstood. U.S.: *Baughman.

J1811.3. J1811.3. Turkey‘s gobble misunderstood by man lost in woods. U.S.: Baughman.

J1811.4. J1811.4. Rooster’s crow interpreted.

J1811.4.1. J1811.4.1. Henpecked husband leaves home. Hears a rooster crow, saying: “Cocky kuko! It‘s the same everywhere!” He returns home. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1812. J1812. Other sounds misunderstood.

J1812.1. J1812.1. Seeds rattling in pods thought to be insults. Numskull burns field. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1812.2. J1812.2. Rabbits think sound of waves is great danger to them. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1812.3. J1812.3. Fermenting dough: “Woe to you ..” The rain drops: “Here he is..” The little bell: “He is hiding here..” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1264*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1264 I*.

J1812.4. J1812.4. Hissing of fire thought to be noise of cooking muffins. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1812.4.1. J1812.4.1. Noises fire is making misunderstood. Hunchback springs into it to burn to his death. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1812.5. J1812.5. Snoring sounds misunderstood. (Cf. J1833.)

J1812.5.1. J1812.5.1. Numskull thief thinks snoring sleeper is asking for food. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1813. J1813. Cooking processes misunderstood. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1813.1. J1813.1. Mushrooms shrink in water. Fool kills his wife because he thinks that she has eaten part of them. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 412 No. 11.

J1813.2. J1813.2. Boiling milk thought to be overflowing. Simpleton lets it run over. Type 1328*.

J1813.2.1. J1813.2.1. Numskull thinks his prayers have stopped milk boiling over. Actually his wife has added cold water. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1813.3. J1813.3. Boiling pumpkin thought to be talking. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1813.4. J1813.4. Boiling pot on the floor thought to be self-cooking. Christensen DF XLVII 177 No. 5, cf. 192 No. 18.

J1813.5. J1813.5. Fish dancing about in cooking pot appears to be many. Cook eats one; none left. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1813.6. J1813.6. Handful of black pepper taken into mouth instead of cooking it in food. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1813.7. J1813.7. Savory tea. The peasant entertains a priest at tea. Making it, puts in all the tea, six pounds of sugar, a piece of bacon, etc. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2439*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1710*.

J1813.8. J1813.8. Sheep’s head has eaten dumplings. Small boy is at home to watch the dinner. Runs into church, calls out to his mother that the sheep‘s head has eaten all the dumplings (or butted them out of the pot). England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J1813.9. J1813.9. All the beans cooked for one meal. They fill the room. U.S.: *Baughman.

J1813.9.1. J1813.9.1. Stupid servant cooks all the rice for one meal. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1813.10. J1813.10. Numskull thinks boiling pot is threatening him: breaks pot. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1814. J1814. Numskull stays till he has finished. As he is making water he hears a brook flowing and mistakes what it is. He waits for a day and a half. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 210 No. 23; U.S.: Baughman.

J1815. J1815. Did the calf eat the man? A fool, liking the shoes on the feet of a man hanged on a gallows, cuts off the swollen feet in order to carry off the shoes. In the room in which he sleeps that night is a newborn calf. The next morning the man takes the shoes but leaves the feet. Peasants agree that the calf has eaten the man all but the feet. They burn the house to destroy the calf. Type 1281; *Wesselski Bebel I 231 No. 144; Danish: Christensen DF L 65, Nyrop Dania I (1890) 283ff., cf. II 68ff.; U.S.: Baughman.

J1816. J1816. Fool thinks gold is being destroyed when snails crawl over it. Icelandic: Boberg.

J1817. J1817. Fool thinks belly is speaking to him; stabs himself. Other animals are shouting at him. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 78.

J1818. J1818. Animal‘s action misunderstood.

J1818.1. J1818.1. Urination of bull thought to be bleeding. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1819. J1819. Physical phenomena misunderstood--miscellaneous. U.S.: Baughman.

J1819.1. J1819.1. Fools think thorn bush doesn’t sting at night. Christensen DF XLVII 219 No. 80.

J1819.2. J1819.2. Simpleton sleeping in cold room breaks window to let the cold out. (Cf. J2123.) U.S.: Baughman.

J1819.3. J1819.3. Fool wakes with sleeping mat over head and thinks it is still night. Marquesas: Handy 25.

J1820. J1820. Inappropriate action from misunderstanding.

J1821. J1821. Swimming (fishing) in the flax-field. Peasants go to visit the sea. They see a waving flax-field, and, thinking it is the sea, jump in to swim. *Type 1290; *BP III 205; Kцhler-Bolte I 112; Christensen DF XLVII 195 no. 20; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “lin”, “pкche”; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1821.1. J1821.1. Trying to swim in the mist. Mistaken for sea. Tonga: Gifford 98.

J1822. J1822. Sweeping with a stick instead of a broom. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63 (to Gonzenbach No. 13).

J1823. J1823. Misunderstanding of church customs or ceremonies causes inappropriate action.

J1823.1. J1823.1. Misunderstandings concerning images of Christ.

J1823.1.1. J1823.1.1. Christ accused of trying to fool the people. Fool sees the image of Christ elevated on Ascension Day to the beams of the church. He accuses Christ of having fooled the people into believing that he has gone to heaven. Wesselski Bebel II 158 No. 181.

J1823.1.2. J1823.1.2. Christ’s image has broken his arm. A man refuses to have anything to do with the crucifix because once an image of Christ has fallen on him in church and broken his arm. Reminded that this image is not the same, he replies that it is the son of the other and is just as bad. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 270.

J1823.1.3. J1823.1.3. The Lord has departed. Maidservant on way to church on Palm Sunday meets priests leading ass on which Jesus rode. The maid runs home and tells her mistress that the Lord has mounted and has just gone away. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 865.

J1823.1.4. J1823.1.4. Numskull knocks the figure of Jesus from the ass. Sees the waving of palms on Palm Sunday and thinks the people are trying to knock the figure from the ass. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 768; *Wesselski Bebel I 200 No. 78.

J1823.2. J1823.2. Bishop struck for breaking the peace. At a wedding after a period of silent prayer the bishop begins an antiphony. The fools walks up and strikes the bishop: “You have made this shouting in the church.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 49.

J1823.3. J1823.3. Numskull thinks the extinguishing of lights at the church presages a fight. Draws his sword. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 849.

J1823.4. J1823.4. Move away from Moslem land so that Allah need not be feared. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1824. J1824. Fatal bread. Numskull refuses communion because his sister died shortly after eating the bread. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 572.

J1824.1. J1824.1. Other misunderstandings of the communion. Christensen DF XLVII 202f. no. 44.

J1825. J1825. Turkish ambassador misunderstands Christian ceremonies. Makes ridiculous report to his king. Bolte Frey‘s Gartengesellschaft 217 No. 5.

J1825.1. J1825.1. Christian laws are profitless, Turkish ambassador says. Good people do not need them; bad people do not reform as a result of them. Spanish: Childers.

J1826. J1826. The falcon not so good as represented. A nobleman praises his falcon. His fool, supposing they were praising the falcon as food, kills the bird, but is disappointed in the taste. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 52; *Wesselski Bebel I 194 No. 64; Alphabet No. 239.

J1827. J1827. The king no priest’s son. A pope in writing to a king says, “To our dear son Frederick.” Upon hearing this the fool cries out, “That is a lie; he is no priest‘s son. I knew his father and mother and they were both honest people.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 51.

J1828. J1828. The obedient log. A fool sees a boat (with rowers) obedient to commands, “Right! Left!” etc. He asks what kind of wood the boat is made of. Later he gets a log of that wood and tries to make it obey commands. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 258.

J1831. J1831. Numskull throws the dishes out. A landlord in anger throws a dish out the window. The numskull throws the rest out, thinking that the landlord wanted to eat outdoors. *Wesselski Bebel I 194 No. 65.

J1832. J1832. Jumping into the river after their comrade. Through misunderstanding one of the men jumps into the river. He calls out; the others think that he wants them to follow, and all jump in and are drowned. *BP II 556 n. 1; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1833. J1833. Numskull thinks the bishop‘s snoring is his death rattle. He strikes at a fly on the bishop’s nose because it seems to be killing the bishop. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 712.

J1833.1. J1833.1. Numskull shoots grasshopper which lighted on the shoulder of his friend and kills friend. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1833.1.1. J1833.1.1. Boy strikes at a fly on his sister’s breast: it turns into nipple and girl thinks it due to brother‘s caress. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1833.1.2. J1833.1.2. One man strikes at partridge which has lighted on second man’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1834. J1834. Numskulls lose corpse and bury live person instead. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1835. J1835. Goat chewing cud angers fool, who thinks goat is mimicking him. Type 1211; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1836. J1836. Fool not recognizing coins lying on roadside leaves them. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1838. J1838. Man thinks own toe is snake‘s head and cuts it off. (Cf. J1782.8.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 699.

J1842. J1842. Useless surgical operation from misunderstanding.

J1842.1. J1842.1. Numskull (female devil) thinks her pubic hair has been telling her lies and pulls it out together with the skin. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1842.2. J1842.2. Fool cannot answer as his mouth is full; thought to have an abscess in cheeks, allows them to be cut open. India: Thompson-Balys. (Cf. W111.5.8.)

J1842.3. J1842.3. Bird protruding from king’s stomach cut out with swords: king killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1842.4. J1842.4. Child‘s stomach split open to cure him of wandering. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1845. J1845. Serfs congratulate their master. The delegate slips and falls, cursing: “The devil may take you!” The serfs outside think this was the congratulation, and all cry in chorus: “You and your family!” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1708; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII 98 No. 14.

J1846. J1846. Numskull prepares brother’s wedding (father‘s funeral). On the way home from town he destroys his purchases. (Cf. J1851, J1856, J1871.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1677*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1681 I*; Prussian: Plenzat 75.

J1849. J1849. Inappropriate action from misunderstanding--miscellaneous.

J1849.1. J1849.1. Fool believes realistic story. Inappropriate action.

J1849.1.1. J1849.1.1. Story told about a deer: fool starts chase. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1849.2. J1849.2. Jackdaw tries to swallow sparks from glowworm. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1849.3. J1849.3. Numskull strikes all matches in order to try them. Christensen DF XLVII 207 no. 60.

J1849.4. J1849.4. Nobody can move it. Foolish soldier at guard by cannon therefore quits. Christensen DF XLVII no. 49.

J1850-J1999.

J1850-J1999. Absurd disregard of facts.

J1850-J1899.

J1850-J1899. ANIMALS OR OBJECTS TREATED AS IF HUMAN

J1850. J1850. Gift or sale to animal (or object).

J1851. J1851. Gift to animal or object.

J1851.1. J1851.1. Gifts to frogs.

J1851.1.1. J1851.1.1. Numskull throws money to frogs so that they can count it. *Type 1642; *BP I 59.

J1851.1.2. J1851.1.2. Numskull feeds his wheat to frogs. He has been sent to mill to have it ground. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 139 No. *1693, Espinosa III 147.

J1851.1.3. J1851.1.3. Numskull throws money to frogs to repay them. They have frightened his fleeing ass from the water. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 226 No. 69.

J1851.1.4. J1851.1.4. Wool taken to pond for frogs and toads to weave. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1851.2. J1851.2. Gifts to birds. Numskulls hear birds calling and give them gifts. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 260.

J1851.3. J1851.3. Gift to object.

J1851.3.1. J1851.3.1. Fool stops hole with money. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “argent”.

J1851.4. J1851.4. Thankful numskull puts money in the anus of sheep which he supposes has helped him. Christensen DF XLVII 221 No. 84.

J1852. J1852. Goods sold to animals. *Type 1642; *BP I 59f.; *Chauvin VI 126 No. 280; Fansler MAFLS XII 352.

J1852.1. J1852.1. Numskull sells cow to bird. When he comes for his money the bird flies to a trash pile, where the fool finds a treasure. (Cf. J1853.1.1.) *Clouston Noodles 147.

J1852.1.1. J1852.1.1. Fool sells balls of thread to great lizard. Next day he finds a treasure there. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1852.1.2. J1852.1.2. Oil sold to iguana. Treasure found. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1853. J1853. Goods sold to object. *Type 1642; *BP I 59; Kцhler-Bolte I 135; Spanish: Espinosa III 147.

J1853.1. J1853.1. Fool sells goods to a statue. He is told not to sell to talkative people. The statue is the only one he can find who is not talkative. *Chauvin VI 126 No. 280; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 211 No. 426; Fansler MAFLS XII 352; Clouston Noodles 144; Spanish: Espinosa III 147; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 4.

J1853.1.1. J1853.1.1. Money from the broken statue. Fool sells goods to a statue and when it will not pay him knocks it to pieces. He finds a treasure inside. (Cf. J1852.1.) Type 1643; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 211 No. 426; Wienert FFC LVI 80 (ET 459), 138 (ST 430); Halm Aesop No. 66; Chauvin VIII 94 No. 65; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 4.

J1856. J1856. Food given to object. (Cf. J1871.)

J1856.1. J1856.1. Meat fed to cabbages. *Type 1386; BP I 520; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 60 No. 92.

J1860. J1860. Animal or object absurdly punished.

J1861. J1861. Thief punishes the escaped ox. An ox strays on the rascal‘s land but escapes from him. The next week he sees the ox yoked up and gives him a beating. The master is astonished. The rascal: “Let me alone; he knows well enough what he has done.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 210 No. 20.

J1862. J1862. The ass deprived of his saddle. A man’s coat is stolen when he leaves his ass for a moment. He takes the saddle off the ass and says that he will give it back if the ass will return the coat. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin *223 No. 61.

J1863. J1863. Cow punished for calf‘s misdeeds. Blamed for not teaching calf better. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 236 No. 108.

J1863.1. J1863.1. Man beats calves because the bull has butted him over the fence. England: Baughman.

J1863.2. J1863.2. Wolf punished for his father’s misdeeds. Jewish: *Neuman.

J1864. J1864. Man flogs his shot. On a rainy day when shot will not go a man flogs the shot. It goes and he shoots a deer. Africa (Vai): Ellis 189 No. 4.

J1865. J1865. Sickle punished by drowning. In a land where the sickle is not known the new sickle cuts off the head of a man. It is drowned. *Type 1202.

J1865.1. J1865.1. Sickle punished by being tied in top of a tree. The men hang themselves in the attempt. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J1866. J1866. Man avenges self on animals by wholesale slaughter.

J1866.1. J1866.1. Man avenges brother‘s death by wholesale slaughter of wild pigs. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1867. J1867. Man punishes offending part of his body.

J1867.1. J1867.1. Man beats his foot for slipping. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1870. J1870. Absurd sympathy for animals or objects.

J1871. J1871. Filling cracks with butter. Numskull sees cracks in the ground and feels so sorry for them that he greases them with the butter he is taking home. *Type 1291; BP I 521; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 250 No. 165; Missouri French: Carriиre.

J1872. J1872. Creaking limbs. Numskull hears limbs creaking in the wind. He is sorry for them and holds them apart. While he is caught between them his enemies take advantage of him. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 297 n. 85.

J1872.0.1. J1872.0.1. Creaking wagon dies. When the wagon stops its creaking, fool decides it has died; he cremates it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1872.1. J1872.1. Helping the cuckoo. A numskull climbs a tree to help a cuckoo so that he may call louder than the one in the neighboring forest. Meanwhile his horse is eaten by a wolf. *Wesselski Bebel I 137 No. 42.

J1873. J1873. Animals or objects kept warm.

J1873.1. J1873.1. Fool makes shoes for animals as well as men, since he expects a cold winter. *Type 1695.

J1873.2. J1873.2. Cloak given to a stone to keep it warm. Kцhler-Bolte I 71; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 140 No. 1651; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1873.3. J1873.3. Warming the stove with wool. Type 1271A*.

J1873.4. J1873.4. King orders houses built to keep howling jackals warm in winter. Rascal misappropriates funds. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1874. J1874. Relieving the beast of burden.

J1874.1. J1874.1. Rider takes the meal-sack on his shoulder to relieve the ass of his burden. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 229 No. 490; *Fb “sжk” III 720b; *Clouston Noodles 19; Field Pent Cuckoo 3; England, U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1874.2. J1874.2. Man puts bag of meal on one side of saddle, balances it on the other side with a rock. U.S.: Baughman.

J1875. J1875. Objects ascribed human feelings.

J1875.1. J1875.1. Kernel tries to escape death. A fool eats nuts. A kernel slips from him. The fool: “Everything tries to escape from death.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 183 No. 346.

J1875.2. J1875.2. Complaint of the porridge pot. The woman thinks the boiling pot is complaining. Type 1264*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1264.

J1875.3. J1875.3. The homesick wave. Numskulls try to take home a wave of the sea in a bamboo rod. At home when it refuses to wave they say that it is homesick for its mother, the sea. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 252.

J1875.4. J1875.4. Coin weeps. Numskull thinks money piece covered with perspiration after he has held it for awhile is weeping. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1879. J1879. Absurd sympathy for animals or objects--miscellaneous.

J1879.1. J1879.1. Men drag carts on to roof to shade it from the sun. England: *Baughman.

J1880. J1880. Animals or objects treated as if human--miscellaneous.

J1881. J1881. Animal or object expected to go alone.

J1881.1. J1881.1. Object sent to go by itself. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 272 No. 281; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III 147; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 72 No. 130.

J1881.1.1. J1881.1.1. Cheeses thrown down to find their way home. Clouston Noodles 35; Field Pent Cuckoo 4.

J1881.1.2. J1881.1.2. One cheese sent after another. Numskull lets one roll down hill; sends the other to bring it back. *Type 1291; BP I 521.

J1881.1.3. J1881.1.3. Three-legged pot sent to walk home. Clouston Noodles 36; Field Pent Cuckoo 5; *BP I 521 n. 1; England: Baughman; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III 147; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 417f.

J1881.1.4. J1881.1.4. Table thrown out of the sledge; to go home by itself. Type 1291*.

J1881.1.5. J1881.1.5. Spinning wheel is sent home by itself. The man asks his wife if it has arrived before him, finds that it has not. “I thought not. I came a shorter way.” Scotland: *Baughman.

J1881.1.6. J1881.1.6. Sickle laid in field and told to cut grain. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1881.1.7. J1881.1.7. Fool sends letter home by a flooded river. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1881.2. J1881.2. Animal sent to go by itself.

J1881.2.1. J1881.2.1. Ass loaded and commanded to go home. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 272 No. 281; Spanish: Espinosa III 147.

J1881.2.2. J1881.2.2. Fools send money by rabbit. Since he is a swift runner they expect it to reach the landlord in time. Field Pent Cuckoo 6; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J1881.2.3. J1881.2.3. Fishes to stop at his house. Fool directs them as he places them in stream. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1882. J1882. Foolish attempt to educate animals. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1882.1. J1882.1. Teaching chickens to talk. Fool believes they can be taught. *Type 1750; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 843.

J1882.2. J1882.2. The ass as mayor. Fool made to believe that his ass (ox) has been educated and has become mayor. *Type 1675; *BP I 59; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 224 No. 63; *Fb “tyr” III 908b; Christensen DF XLVII 229; England: Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1882.3. J1882.3. Elephant educated as drum beater. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1883. J1883. Trickster joins bulrushes in a dance. He thinks they are dancing when he sees them waving. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109dd.

J1883.1. J1883.1. Simpleton addresses a field of reeds. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1884. J1884. The boat gets tired. The woman tries to tire out her rival’s boat so as to win the race, but only tires herself. Type 1277; Christensen DF XLVII 190.

J1885. J1885. Singing snails rebuked. A boy roasts snails and they make noise in cooking. “Wretches, your house burns and yet you sing!” Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 291), 135 (ST 413); Halm Aesop No. 214.

J1886. J1886. Hens in mourning. Fool puts black clothes on his hen‘s necks. He tells people that they mourn their mother. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 210 No. 19.

J1887. J1887. The mad wheelbarrow. Fools chain a wheelbarrow, bitten by a mad dog, lest it bite others. Field Pent Cuckoo 15.

J1888. J1888. Wants the organ to come and play for her. An old woman enraptured with the sound of a cathedral organ prays for it to come to her house and gives it directions as to where she lives. Bolte Frey 235 No. 54.

J1891. J1891. Object foolishly blamed.

J1891.1. J1891.1. Sickness ascribed to quarreling wines. A man has drunk so much of various wines that he is sick. He says to the wines, “Have peace among yourselves and don’t quarrel or I‘ll throw you out the window.” *Wesselski Bebel II 102 No. 14.

J1891.2. J1891.2. Carpenter blames the nails. On his deathbed refuses to forgive nails which ruined his tools. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 702.

J1891.3. J1891.3. Sea foolishly accused of cruelty. Sea says that it is calm itself, but the wind blew it up and broke the ship. Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 406), 123 (ST 317); Halm Aesop No. 94.

J1892. J1892. Preserving the cock’s freedom. A boy recently home from school sees his mother trying to catch the cock. “Don‘t mother, don’t break his freedom or we will suffer for it.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 817.

J1894. J1894. Scholar speaks Latin on hunt so that the birds cannot understand him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1895. J1895. Woman thinks calf‘s bleating has accused her of stealing from harvest. Begs that people not believe what calf said. (Cf. N611.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J1896. J1896. Objects supposed to be born, grow, and die like animals. (Cf. J1932.) Christensen DF XLVII 189--190 no. 15.

J1896.1. J1896.1. Stones thought to reproduce. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 88.

J1900. J1900. Absurd disregard or ignorance of animal’s nature or habits.

J1901. J1901. Absurd ignorance concerning the laying of eggs.

J1901.1. J1901.1. The overfed hen. A woman wants her hen to lay many eggs. Overfeeds her and she stops laying altogether. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 362), 106 (ST 184); Halm Aesop No. 111.

J1901.2. J1901.2. Numskull feeds hens hot water so they will lay boiled eggs. *Clouston Noodles 120; England: Baughman.

J1902. J1902. Absurd ignorance concerning the hatching of eggs.

J1902.1. J1902.1. Numskull sits on eggs to finish the hatching. Cautions people to be quiet and not frighten the eggs. (Sometimes puts on honey and feathers before sitting on the eggs.) Type 650; *BP I 316; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 212 No. 433; *Wesselski Bebel II 146 No. 148; Christensen DF XLVII 210 No. 63; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oeuf”; Spanish: Espinosa III 147 Nos. 181--188; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 4.

J1902.2. J1902.2. Numskull tries to hatch out a calf from a cheese. *BP I 317.

J1903. J1903. Absurd ignorance concerning animal‘s eating and drinking.

J1903.1. J1903.1. The water on the calf’s back. When the calf will not drink, the peasant woman throws the water on its back. Type 1211*.

J1903.2. J1903.2. Numskull puts the milk back. When the customer refuses to take the milk he puts it back into the goat‘s mouth so that it will flow back into the udder. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 247 No. 550.

J1903.3. J1903.3. Fattening the pig. A farmer who wanted to fatten a pig fed it only twice a day. When told to feed it three times a day he says, “A working man must have more to eat than a pig.” *Wesselski Bebel I 141 No. 56.

J1903.4. J1903.4. How can an elephant eat, having tails at both ends? Decision: it lives on air. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1904. J1904. Absurd ignorance concerning place for animal to be kept.

J1904.1. J1904.1. Cow (hog) taken to roof to graze. *Type 1210; *Kцhler-Bolte I 66, 135; *Fb “ko” II 241a, “tyr” III 908b; Christensen DF XLVII 219 No. 81; English: Clouston Noodles 55; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 15; Spanish: Espinosa III 147 Nos. 181--188.

J1904.2. J1904.2. The pent cuckoo. Fools build an enclosure to keep in the cuckoo. She flies over the hedge. They say that they have not built the hedge high enough. **Field Pent Cuckoo; Clouston Noodles 27; England: Baughman.

J1904.2.1. J1904.2.1. Fools try to hedge the cuckoo so that they will have summer the year round (the coming of the first cuckoo being the sign of the coming summer). England: *Baughman.

J1904.2.2. J1904.2.2. Deer belled and enclosed like goats jump fence and escape. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1904.3. J1904.3. Hogs made to sleep in trees to cure their filthy habits. All are killed. England: Baughman.

J1904.4. J1904.4. Nest built in tree for fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1904.4.1. J1904.4.1. Fish will climb trees like buffaloes. Numskull considers what will happen if river burns up. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1905. J1905. Absurd ignorance about milking animals. (Cf. J1903.2.)

J1905.1. J1905.1. Fool does not milk cow for a month so that she will give plenty for a feast. Penzer V 72.

J1905.2. J1905.2. Fools try to milk male ass. Penzer V 136 n. 3.

J1905.3. J1905.3. Divided ownership of cow. The brother who owns the front end tries to drive the cow and will not let the owner of the rear end milk her. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1905.4. J1905.4. Fool asks owner of oxen why he does not milk them since he is not working them. Canada: Baughman.

J1905.5. J1905.5. Trying to have cows make curds before being milked. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1905.6. J1905.6. Cow killed in order to get all the milk at once. (Cf. J2129.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J1906. J1906. Absurd ignorance about slaughtering animals.

J1906.1. J1906.1. Bullock struck on hindquarters instead of head in attempt to kill it. (Only frightens it.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1908. J1908. Absurd attempt to change animal nature. Wienert FFC LVI 45ff. (ET 31, 37, 38, 39, 54, 241, 420, 422), 87ff. (ST 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 504); Halm Aesop Nos 149, 360, 373, 374, 375; Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 427, 430.

J1908.1. J1908.1. The cat and the candle. A man has a cat trained to hold up lighted candles on its head. The king has a mouse let loose. The cat drops the candle and chases the mouse. *Type 217; **Cosquin Йtudes 403ff.; *Fb “kat” IV 255a; *Wesselski Arlotto II 238 No. 131; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1908.2. J1908.2. Cat transformed to maiden runs after mouse. *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XXII 244; **Rohde Kleinere Schriften II 212ff.; Wienert FFC LVI *45, 71, 78 (ET 34, 351, 444), 86 (ST 1); Halm Aesop No. 88; Jacobs Aesop 218 No. 76; Spanish: Espinosa III 275-277; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1908.3. J1908.3. Frog-woman betrays self by croaking. Africa (Nama): Des Schwartzen Menschen Mдrchenweisheit (Stuttgart, 1929) 140f. No. 27.

J1909. J1909. Absurd disregard of animal‘s nature or habits--miscellaneous.

J1909.1. J1909.1. Fisherman fails to make fish dance to his flute. Later in his net they jump about without the aid of the flute. Wienert FFC LVI *66 (ET 301), 117 (ST 275); Halm Aesop 27.

J1909.2. J1909.2. Fool tries to shoot dead antelope until it will come to him. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 156 No. 3.

J1909.3. J1909.3. Numskull tries to shake birds from tree like fruit. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 238 No. 526.

J1909.4. J1909.4. Breeding fine horses from an ass. Fool says, “Just as soon as the body of a colt bred from this mare is in proper proportion to its ears you will have a fine horse.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 763.

J1909.5. J1909.5. Sheep licking her lamb is envied by the wolf. He says, “Such is bad conduct. If I were to do that they would say that I was eating it.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 587; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 33 No. 129*. Cf. Wienert FFC LVI *69 (ET 335), 94f. (ST 81); Halm Aesop Nos. 282, 330.

J1909.6. J1909.6. Numskull tries to wash black hen white. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 246 No. 142.

J1909.7. J1909.7. Fear that frog may drown or get dirty. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1910. J1910. Fatal disregard of anatomy.

J1911. J1911. Nature of a baby misunderstood.

J1911.1. J1911.1. Numskull does not understand about baby’s skull. Sticks needle through it. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 215 No. 445; Spanish: Espinosa III 147; West Indies: Flowers 486.

J1911.2. J1911.2. Foolish mother does not understand how babies cry. Wrings the child‘s neck. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 406 No. 3.

J1914. J1914. Horse taught to live without food. Dies. Type 1682; Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 364), 129 (ST 370); Halm Aesop No. 176.

J1914.1. J1914.1. The underfed warhorse. Fails in the war. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 363), 129 (ST 369); Halm Aesop No. 178.

J1914.2. J1914.2. Three brothers take turns using mule. None of them feeds him, supposing that the others have. The mule dies. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 575.

J1916. J1916. Fool carries wife across stream head downwards and drowns her. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J1919. J1919. Fatal disregard of anatomy--miscellaneous.

J1919.1. J1919.1. The remodelled stork. A trickster cuts off the bill and legs of a stork to make him look more like a real bird. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 213 No. 37.

J1919.2. J1919.2. Where the ducks ford. A fool is asked where the river is fordable. He says, “Everywhere.” The man tries to ride across and is almost drowned. The fool, “Those little ducks were able to cross here; why couldn’t a big fellow like you?” Wesselski Bebel II 146 No. 146.

J1919.3. J1919.3. The two extra pounds. A dog has eaten 14 pounds of butter; the fool squeezes 16 pounds from him. Fb “sm[ц]r” III 412b.

J1919.4. J1919.4. Fool cuts off tails of oxen so that they will look like fine steeds. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 769.

J1919.5. J1919.5. Genitals cut off through ignorance.

J1919.5.1. J1919.5.1. Ignorant bride castrates groom when jokingly told to do so. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1919.5.2. J1919.5.2. Nun tells friar to get rid of offending member. He does so. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1919.5.3. J1919.5.3. Fool undergoes castration to put on weight. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1919.6. J1919.6. Simpleton‘s ignorance of anatomy leads him to share his wife with a priest. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1919.7. J1919.7. Fool believes that he has begot child with his sister by an earbox. Icelandic: Boberg.

J1919.8. J1919.8. The man without a member: foolish wife gives her husband money to buy himself one. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2911; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1543*.

J1919.9. J1919.9. Cowboy shoots his wife when she breaks her leg (or is injured in another way). U.S.: *Baughman.

J1920. J1920. Absurd searches for the lost.

J1921. J1921. The needle (or the like) falls into the sea: sought the next summer. Type 1280.

J1922. J1922. Marking the place. Christensen DF XLVII 177ff.

J1922.1. J1922.1. Marking the place on the boat. An object falls into the sea from a boat. Numskulls mark the place on the boat-rail to indicate where it fell. *Type 1278; *Fb “bеd” IV 87a; *Clouston Noodles 99; Penzer V 92f.; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1922.2. J1922.2. Marking the place under the cloud. Numskulls leave a knife in the field, marking the place by putting it under a heavy cloud. Next day the cloud is gone and the knife lost. Clouston Noodles 53; England: Baughman; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1922.2.1. J1922.2.1. Fool seeks the ears of grain in the direction of the cloud toward which he has sowed them. Type 1278*.

J1922.3. J1922.3. Marking the place in the sand. Vessel left under mound in sand while owner is swimming. Others make similar mounds so that it is lost. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1923. J1923. The rejected bread resought. Numskull looks for bread that he threw away a year before. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 359.

J1924. J1924. Numskull forgets name of certain food and thinks that it has fallen into sand. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1930. J1930. Absurd disregard of natural laws.

J1931. J1931. Money tested by throwing it into a stream to see if it will swim. Good coins are supposed to swim, counterfeit to sink. *Type 1651; BP II 75; *Fb “penge” II 804a; Russian: Andrejev No. 842*.

J1932. J1932. Absurd practices connected with crops. Christensen DF XLVII 207.

J1932.1. J1932.1. Numskulls sow cooked grain. *DeVries FFC LXXIII 246; *Fb “sе” Penzer V 67 n. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

J1932.2. J1932.2. Sowing cheese to bring forth a cow. *Type 1200; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 209 No. 423; *Fb “sе”.

J1932.3. J1932.3. Sowing salt to produce salt. *Type 1200; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 209 No. 423; Christensen DF XLVII 206, 231 no. 57; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1932.4. J1932.4. Planting a hog in order to grow pigs. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 209 No. 423.

J1932.4.1. J1932.4.1. Planting animal‘s tail in order to produce young animals. Type 1200.

J1932.4.2. J1932.4.2. Planting bones to produce animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1932.5. J1932.5. Sowing needles (like seed). Kцhler-Bolte I 135.

J1932.6. J1932.6. Harvesting early for half a crop. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1932.7. J1932.7. Stones watered to make them grow. (Cf. J1896.1.) Hawaii: Beckwith 88.

J1933. J1933. Numskull tries to dig up a well (spring). He wants to take it home. Kцhler-Bolte I 533; Clouston Noodles 67.

J1934. J1934. A hole to throw the earth in. Numskull plans to dig a hole so as to have a place to throw the earth from his excavation. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 227 No. 480; Christensen DF XL VII 201 no. 37; Jewish: Neuman.

J1935. J1935. Articles sent by telegraph. U.S.: Baughman.

J1935.1. J1935.1. Boots sent by telegraph. A peasant hangs boots and an accompanying letter on a telegraph wire, expecting them to reach the city. Type 1710; Christensen DF XLVII 204 no. 50; U.S. (Ozarks): *Randolph Devil‘s Pretty Daughter (New York, 1955) 195.

J1936. J1936. How he looks in his sleep. A man stands before mirror with his eyes shut to see how he looks in his sleep. Clouston Noodles 9.

J1936.1. J1936.1. Man takes mirror to bed to see whether he sleeps with his mouth open. England: *Baughman.

J1937. J1937. Absurd ideas about the dead.

J1937.1. J1937.1. Dead man identified by his cough. Numskull asked to identify corpse tries to do so by his cough. Clouston Noodles 15.

J1937.2. J1937.2. A healthy place for a tomb. Numskull objects to unhealthy place for his tomb. Clouston Noodles 9.

J1938. J1938. Porridge in the ice hole. They put meal in the boiling current of the ice hole and then, one after another, they jump in to taste the porridge. Type 1260; Clouston Noodles 44; Field Pent Cuckoo 17; Christensen DF XLVII 178; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 255.

J1941. J1941. How far his voice will reach. A numskull cries from a tower and then runs away to see how far his voice will reach. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 191 No. 373.

J1942. J1942. Holding in the heat. A numskull ties yarn around the stove to keep the heat from escaping. Type 1271B*.

J1943. J1943. Examining the sundial by candle-light. Numskull tries to find the time of night. Clouston Noodles 76; England: Baughman.

J1943.1. J1943.1. Sundial covered in order to protect it. Christensen DF XLVII no. 46.

J1944. J1944. Trying to get fruit from fruitless tree.

J1944.1. J1944.1. Numskulls try to get pears from an oaktree. They accuse each other of eating all the pears. Wesselski Bebel II 147 No. 149.

J1945. J1945. Warming hands across the river. Numskull stretches out his hands toward the fire across the river. Clouston Noodles 68.

J1946. J1946. As tired as if he had walked. So says the numskull after riding to town on his stick horse. *Wesselski Bebel II 158 No. 182.

J1947. J1947. Drying snow to make salt. Wesselski Bebel II 89.

J1952. J1952. Fire and water mixed to make sacrifice. Fool told that he needed only the two. Penzer V 68.

J1955. J1955. Demand that murderer restore life to victim.

J1955.1. J1955.1. Woman runs after guest to tell him he must restore her husband whom he has unintentionally killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1959. J1959. Absurd disregard of natural laws--miscellaneous.

J1959.1. J1959.1. Simpleton drives goats into a well, because he thinks it would be cooler for them. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1959.1.1. J1959.1.1. Hot sickle put into water to cure its fever. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1959.2. J1959.2. Substitute for the corpse. Fool loses his mother’s corpse on way to funeral. Mistakes old woman for mother and substitutes her. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1960. J1960. Other absurd disregard of facts.

J1961. J1961. White sheep-skin used as a source of light. Type 1245*.

J1961.1. J1961.1. Trying to catch light in a mouse-trap. Type 1245**.

J1962. J1962. The yeast as an afterthought. An old woman who has forgotten to knead it in the dough throws it into the stove. Type 1261*.

J1963. J1963. The fool puts but one stick of wood in the stove. “Several others have burned up.” Type 1260*.

J1964. J1964. Tree-trunks laid crosswise of the sledge. *Type 1248; BP III 302. Cf. Type 801.

J1964.1. J1964.1. Trying to stretch the beam. *Type 1244.

J1965. J1965. Protected by the needle. In a storm on the ice, numskulls stick needles into the ice to keep from blowing away. Type 1279.

J1966. J1966. The wall accuses the crowbar. But the man who uses the crowbar is to blame for the downfall of the wall. Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 400), 123 (ST 319); Halm Aesop No. 402.

J1967. J1967. Numskull bales out the stream. He comes to a stream but not wishing to get his feet wet he sits down to wait for the stream to run down. He helps to bale the stream out with a hazelnut shell and keeps it up for months. Italian: Gonzenbach No. 17, Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J1968. J1968. Foolish fight with the sea. Absurd attempt to punish sea. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 254. Cf. Yeats’s “Cuchulain‘s Fight with the Sea.”

J1968.1. J1968.1. Foolish fight with the sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

J1971. J1971. Fools try to use buffalo tongue as a knife. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 253.

J1972. J1972. Stupid woman swims on the roof. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 161.

J1973. J1973. Tree pulled down in order to give it water to drink. Type 1241; Christensen DF XLVII 179.

J1974. J1974. Fool tries to purify cotton by burning it (as the goldsmith does with gold). Penzer V 70; India: Thompson-Balys.

J1976. J1976. Numskulls are affected by heat from stove which has no fire in it. U.S.: *Baughman.

J1977. J1977. Mouth and ears stopped up lest wisdom escape. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2000-J2049.

J2000-J2049. ABSURD ABSENT-MINDEDNESS

J2010. J2010. Uncertainty about own identity.

J2012. J2012. Person does not know himself. Fb “selv”; L. Schmidt Oesterr. Zs f. Vksk. 1954, 129ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2012.1. J2012.1. Numskull‘s beard cut off: does not know himself. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 274 No. 298; Christensen DF XLVII 27, 221 No. 83; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2012.2. J2012.2. Woman’s garments cut off: does not know herself. *Type 1383; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 274 No. 298; Christensen DF XLVII 35.

J2012.3. J2012.3. Woman in tar and feathers does not know herself. *Type 1383; Fb “tjжre” III 811a; Christensen DF XLVII 35; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2012.4. J2012.4. Fool in new clothes does not know himself. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 193 No. 152; Christensen DF XLVII 221 No. 83.

J2012.5. J2012.5. Man does not know himself from another identically clad. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 214 No. 43.

J2012.6. J2012.6. Fool at baths believes he is someone else. Sees everybody naked. Puts straw on his shoulder to identify himself. Straw floats to another bather. “You are me and I am you!” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2013. J2013. Man made to believe that he is someone else. *Chauvin VIII 96 No. 67; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2013.1. J2013.1. White man made to believe that he is a negro. Sleeps with a negro. His friends blacken him during the night. When he is waked up, he complains that they have waked the wrong man. Clouston Noodles 7; L. Schmidt Oesterr. Zs. f. Vksk. 1954, 130; England, U.S.: Baughman.

J2013.2. J2013.2. Man made to believe that he is a dog. He barks at people. *Type 1406; Bйdier Fabliaux 265ff.; *Crane Vitry 227 No. 231.

J2013.3. J2013.3. Pumpkin tied to another‘s leg. A numskull ties a pumpkin to his leg at night so that he shall know himself in the morning. Someone ties the pumpkin to another’s leg and the numskull is not sure of his identity next morning. Clouston Noodles 7.

J2013.4. J2013.4. Numskull made to believe he is an evil spirit. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2014. J2014. Fool does not recognize his own house and family. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2015. J2015. His pupils grab a dog‘s tail and think it is their master’s. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2016. J2016. Man does not recognize his name when it is called: he is accustomed to hear his nickname. (Cf. K1984.3.) U.S.: Baughman.

J2020. J2020. Inability to find own members, etc.

J2021. J2021. Numskulls cannot find their own legs. A stranger helps them with a switch. (Usually get them mixed up when they sit down to bathe their feet.) Type 1288; BP III 150 n. 1; *Fb “ben” IV 32b; Clouston Noodles 32; Christensen DF XLVII 183.

J2021.1. J2021.1. Numskull asks doctor which leg (own) is hurting him. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 11.

J2022. J2022. Numskull cannot find ass he is sitting on. *Type 1288A; *BP III 150; Christensen DF XLVII 182.

J2023. J2023. Numskull doesn‘t recognize his own horse. Finds it only when the rest ride away and he takes the only one left. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 234 No. 100; Italian Novella: Rotunda (J2043).

J2024. J2024. Numskull rides backward. “I didn’t get on backward but the horse seems to be left-handed.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 235 No. 100.

J2025. J2025. Inability to find object one is carrying.

J2025.1. J2025.1. Man searches for axe which he carries on his shoulder. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 407 No. 4.

J2025.2. J2025.2. Woman cannot find pastry which is sticking to her posterior. Mensa Philosophica No. 48.

J2026. J2026. Fools try to fight with man inside of drum who seems to make the noise. Are really pounding each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2027. J2027. Opium-smoker on journey asks his way about; ends up at his own house. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2030. J2030. Absurd inability to count. Christensen DF XLVII 181ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2031. J2031. Counting wrong by not counting oneself. Numskulls conclude that one of their number is drowned. *Type 1287; *BP III 149 n. 1; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 267 No. 261; *Clouston Noodles 28ff., 192; *Field Pent Cuckoo 8; Kцhler-Bolte I 112; Christensen DF XLVII 181ff. -- Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 317 No. 153; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 66 No. 111.

J2031.1. J2031.1. Numskulls count selves by sticking their noses in the sand. They then count the holes. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 268 No. 261.

J2031.2. J2031.2. There are ten horses; then when he is mounted there are only nine. Why? *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 267 No. 261; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2031.3. J2031.3. Culture hero throws coconuts to various islands, but forgets one he stands on: hence none now on that island. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 104, cf. 270.

J2032. J2032. Are there nine or ten geese? Ten men are called in; each is to take a goose. If all have a goose, there are ten. One man is left without one. Numskull: “You should have taken one before they were all gone.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 246 No. 143.

J2033. J2033. Three girls distressed by seemingly impossible task of going and returning together -- one in half month, other in fifteen days, other in seven plus eight days. Chinese: Graham.

J2035. J2035. The interrupted calculation. While the merchant is making calculations, he asks the age of his youngest daughter, the elder daughter, and the mother, and always adds this to the number he has reached. Type 1592*.

J2036. J2036. Keeping the measure by stretching out the arms. Numskull goes to buy goods for his wife. Clouston Noodles 90; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 248 No. 161.

J2037. J2037. Numskulls buy things in common: each pays full price.

J2037.1. J2037.1. Numskulls buy church in common: each pays full price. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1336*.

J2037.2. J2037.2. Three brothers buy cow for common use; each brother pays the farmer full price. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2040. J2040. Absurd absent-mindedness--miscellaneous. U.S.: Baughman.

J2041. J2041. Actor forgets and speaks in his own person.

J2041.1. J2041.1. In Passion Play the Christ says, “I am thirsty”; the thief on the left speaks up, “I too.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 864.

J2044. J2044. Fool forgets master’s message. As result of his absent-mindedness he is given a heavy mortar to take to his master. The latter makes him return it as punishment. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2045. J2045. Fool believes plea of not guilty even though he has seen man injure him. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 2.

J2046. J2046. Law student forgets his speech. Absurd results. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 76.

J2047. J2047. Hero keeps on leading his horse without discovering that it is dead. Icelandic: Boberg.

J2048. J2048. Given things for self and relatives, fool forgets to take his own. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2050-J2199.

J2050-J2199. ABSURD SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS

J2050. J2050. Absurd short-sightedness. *Wienert FFC LVI 108 (15*).

J2051. J2051. Wise man short-sightedly scorned for his advice. Icelandic: *Boberg.

J2052. J2052. God‘s mercy contrasted with man’s short-sightedness. Jewish: *Neuman.

J2060. J2060. Absurd plans. Air-castles. *Type 1430; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 249 No. 163; *Chauvin V 162 No. 85.

J2060.1. J2060.1. Quarrel and fight over details of air-castles. *Type 1430; BP III 275; *Gerould MLN XIX 228; India: *Thompson-Balys; Arab: Azov JPASB (n.s.) II 402f.; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 269, Coster-Wijsman 65f. Nos. 107--110.

J2060.2. J2060.2. Man plants hedge: sheep will leave wool on the thorns and bring riches. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2060.3. J2060.3. To build a palace in the sky: hawk as architect is let fly in the air. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2060.4. J2060.4. Fools cast lots for royal purple of queen who is still alive. Jewish: Neuman.

J2061. J2061. Air-castle shattered by lack of forethought.

J2061.1. J2061.1. Air-castle: the jar of honey to be sold. In his excitement he breaks the jar. *BP III 261f.; *Chauvin II 101 No. 60; *Gerould MLN XIX 229; B[ц]dker Exempler 300 No. 65; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella; *Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 55, 277; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2061.1.1. J2061.1.1. Air-castle: basket of glassware to be sold. In his excitement he breaks the glassware. BP III 264.

J2061.1.2. J2061.1.2. Air-castle: basket of eggs to be sold. In her excitement she breaks all the eggs. *BP III 265; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 520; *Fb “жg” III 1141b; *Gerould MLN XIX 226; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2061.1.3. J2061.1.3. Pot of flour to be sold: broken. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2061.1.4. J2061.1.4. Air-castle: jar of oil to be sold. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2061.2. J2061.2. Air-castle: pail of milk to be sold. Proud milkmaid tosses her head (or kicks the pail in her sleep) and spills the milk. *BP III 264; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 520; *Crane Vitry 154f. No. 51; **Gerould MLN XIX 225; Jacobs Aesop 219 No. 77; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 12; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 55, 277.

J2061.2.1. J2061.2.1. Air-castles: pail of milk to be sold. Old woman thinks about the horse she is finally to get from the sale. In her imagination she spurs it and spills the milk. *Gerould MLN XIX 225.

J2061.3. J2061.3. Air-castle: to sell hide of sleeping deer. In his excitement he wakes the deer, who runs off. *BP III 265.

J2061.4. J2061.4. Toad having found money daydreams and is run over. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2062. J2062. Foolish illustration of argument.

J2062.1. J2062.1. Which way the sheep shall return. One man plans to buy sheep; another says that he shall not drive them across the bridge. They quarrel over the sheep, which have not yet been acquired. A third numskull to convince them of their foolishness pours all his meal out in the water so as to show them the empty sack. “How much meal is in the sack?” he asks. “None.” “There is just that much wit in your heads.” *Clouston Noodles 26; Field Pent Cuckoo 2; England: Baughman.

J2062.2. J2062.2. Foolish logician upsets ghee in argument. “Does the ghee protect the saucer, or the saucer the ghee?” India: Thompson-Balys.

J2062.3. J2062.3. How was the town burned? India: Thompson-Balys.

J2063. J2063. Distress over imagined troubles of unborn child. (Clever Else.) Girl sent to cellar to get wine to serve the suitor begins weeping over the troubles of the child which she might have if she married the suitor. Her parents join her. Meanwhile the suitor leaves. *Type 1450; *BP I 335; *Clouston Noodles 191; Christensen DF L 35; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 55, 277; India: Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 285 No. 125.

J2063.1. J2063.1. Queen grieves herself to death over fate of her children after her death. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2064. J2064. Servant plans to deceive his master by refusing to eat. Type 1698**.

J2066. J2066. Foolish waiting.

J2066.1. J2066.1. The hungry fox waits in vain for horse‘s scrotum (lips) to fall off. Type 115.

J2066.2. J2066.2. The daw waits in vain for the figs to ripen in winter. Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 25), 119 (ST 288); Halm Aesop 199.

J2066.3. J2066.3. Men (animals) wait in vain for nuts to fall from a tree. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 410 No. 8; American Negro: Harris Nights 223 No. 38.

J2066.3.1. J2066.3.1. Waiting in vain for fruit to fall from a non-fruitbearing tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2066.4. J2066.4. Wolf scorns salt meat (etc.) in false expectation of other booty. Wesselski Mдrchen 250 No. 58; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 3.

J2066.5. J2066.5. Wolf waits in vain for the nurse to throw away the child. She has threatened to throw the child to the wolf. Wienert FFC LVI 68 (ET 320), 102 (ST 156); Halm Aesop No. 275; Jacobs Aesop 211 No. 46; Japanese: Ikeda.

J2066.6. J2066.6. Dog waits to be hit with meat. A butcher has threatened to hit him with a piece of meat. Chauvin III 57 No. 16.

J2066.6.1. J2066.6.1. Dog follows washerwoman with bundle hoping for meat. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2066.7. J2066.7. Dupe waits for rear wheels of wagon to overtake front wheels. Is told that money is thus made. England, U.S.: Baughman; American Negro: Harris Friends 122 No. 16.

J2066.8. J2066.8. Hare waits in vain for leaves to fall from palm tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2066.9. J2066.9. Hare waits in vain for man’s hand to fall off. He sees it dangling. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2067. J2067. Sacrifice equal to the reward.

J2067.1. J2067.1. Sacrifice of one son to get another. A woman plans to sacrifice her only son so that the gods will permit her to give birth to another son. Penzer V 94.

J2070. J2070. Absurd wishes.

J2071. J2071. Three foolish wishes. Three wishes will be granted: used up foolishly. *Bйdier Fabliaux 212ff., 471; Type 750; *Bolte Zs. f. vgl. Litgsch. VII 453; *BP II 212; *Fb “[ц]nske” III 1179a. -- Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “souhaits”; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 213, Coster-Wijsman 46 No. 56.

J2072. J2072. Short-sighted wish.

J2072.1. J2072.1. Short-sighted wish: Midas’s touch. Everything to turn to gold. *BP II 213; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 180; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *775.

J2072.2. J2072.2. Short-sighted wish: grain to grow without beards. Birds eat it up. *BP II 213.

J2072.3. J2072.3. Short-sighted wish: all he pulls on will follow. He blows his nose and it pulls out long. *BP II 213.

J2072.4. J2072.4. A man without a stomach. The man complains that he is a mere slave of his stomach. His wish is granted and the stomach taken away from him. He discovers soon that life has become very uninteresting to him, and recovers his stomach again. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *716.

J2072.5. J2072.5. Short-sighted wish: camel wishes a long neck. Killed by jackals. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2072.6. J2072.6. Old woman demands something that she would remember all her life: her nose cut off. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2073. J2073. Same wishes used wisely and foolishly. Given to two persons with opposite results. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2073.1. J2073.1. Wise and foolish wish: keep doing all day what you begin. One begins pulling linen out of a box; other in anger begins throwing water on the pig and must do so all day. *Type 750A; *Fb “[ц]nske” III 1179a; *BP II 214; *Dh II 140ff.

J2073.1.1. J2073.1.1. Wise and foolish wish: help in whatever one is doing. One gets help in work, other in striking his wife (etc.). *Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 262 No. 65.

J2074. J2074. Twice the wish to the enemy. (The covetous and the envious). A can have a wish, but B will get twice the wish. A wishes that he may lose an eye, so that B may be blind. *Type 1331; *BP II 219 n. 1; Crane Vitry 212 No. 126; Bйdier Fabliaux 457; Wienert FFC LVI 79 (ET 446), 132 (ST 387); Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 647; *Reinhard JAFL XXXVI 383 n. 1; Scala Celi 106b No. 589; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 31.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2075. J2075. The transferred wish. A husband, given three wishes, transfers one to his wife, who wastes it on a trifle; in his anger he wishes the article in her body and must use the third to get it out. *Type 750A; *BP II 220, 225; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 454.

J2075.1. J2075.1. Transferred wish wisely used as well as unwisely. (J2075 contrasted with a married couple in which the wish is wisely used by the wife.) *BP II 223.

J2075.2. J2075.2. Two transferred wishes used unwisely: redeemed by wise use of third. Wife uses two transferred wishes selfishly. Husband kills wife and uses remaining wish to his advantage. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2075.3. J2075.3. Woman disdainfully throws away pills; punished with sores on body, must use the pills to restore herself. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2075.4. J2075.4. Wife granted wish for beauty, elopes with prince. Husband wishes her into a pig; son must use third wish to restore her. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2076. J2076. Absurdly modest wish. Granted any wish, the fool chooses a trifle. Penzer V 96.

J2076.1. J2076.1. Absurdly modest wish: no lights on certain night except in her own house. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2079. J2079. Absurd wishes--miscellaneous.

J2079.1. J2079.1. Wife wishes to be turned to gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2079.2. J2079.2. Foolish wish: to destroy all flies and spiders. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2080. J2080. Foolish bargains. Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2081. J2081. Foolish bargain: progressive type. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2081.1. J2081.1. Foolish bargain: horse for cow, cow for hog, etc. Finally nothing left. *Type 1415; *BP II 199; English: Wells 118 (Octovian); India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 57 No. 84; N. A. Indian (Zuni): Boas JAFL XXXV 74 No. 3. Cf. Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 128.

J2081.2. J2081.2. Foolish bargain: good fish for worthless shell; shell with pearl in it for small fish. Chauvin II 83 No. 10, cf. II 89 No. 28.

J2081.3. J2081.3. Fool exchanges his wife with ox; thinks something to be wrong with her head (she has been marked with red at the parting of her hair). India: Thompson-Balys.

J2081.4. J2081.4. Fools sent to buy cow procure a monkey instead. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2082. J2082. Squaring accounts by shaving the wife. A numskull has paid twice the regular amount for a shave. The barber shaves the wife. Clouston Noodles 180.

J2083. J2083. The foolish attempt to cheat the buyer.

J2083.1. J2083.1. One-third for the price of one-fourth. In the grain sale the fool sells a third of a cask for the price of a fourth, thinking that he is cheating the buyer. Type 1266*.

J2083.2. J2083.2. Two for the price of one. The fool sells two fox-skins pulled into each other. Type 1265*.

J2083.3. J2083.3. Seller of fox skins mixes otter skins with them. Thinks to cheat the buyer. Type 1300*.

J2083.4. J2083.4. Ten for the price of nine. A fool buys nine eggs and sells ten for the same price. He says that business is improving. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 209 No. 12.

J2083.5. J2083.5. A heaping measure given for a level measure. *Fb “skjжppe” III 276a.

J2083.6. J2083.6. Selling more yards of goods for the money than they received. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2085. J2085. Foolish reward offered.

J2085.1. J2085.1. Lost ass, saddle, and bridle offered as reward to the finder. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 231 No. 496.

J2085.1.1. J2085.1.1. Man trades his only horse for a set of harness. U.S.: Baughman.

J2086. J2086. The foolish pawn. The woman sells cows and gets one of them back as a pledge for the unpaid purchase price. *Type 1385; *BP II 440; Christensen DF L 35.

J2087. J2087. The persuasive auctioneer. The auctioneer praises the man‘s worthless cow so much in his speech that the man takes her back himself. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 276 No. 309; Clouston Noodles 72; U.S.: Baughman.

J2088. J2088. The considerate seller. A numskull having an over-short turban for sale at auction warns the prospective buyer that it is too short. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 223 No. 58.

J2088.1. J2088.1. The fool advises the buyer that the horse is worth little or his father would not sell it. *Wesselski Bebel I 208 No. 95.

J2088.2. J2088.2. Seller advises buyer that cow is a thief. Breton: Luzel Legendes chrйtiennes de Basse Bretagne (Paris, 1881) I 16.

J2091. J2091. Thief warned what not to steal. The numskull tells the thief where his door-key, his cakes, and his roasts are and warns him not to steal them. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 87.

J2091.1. J2091.1. Fool hides treasure and leaves sign “Here it is.” Thief leaves sign “Here it is not.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 74; Mensa Philosophica No. 141.

J2092. J2092. The trusted porters. A man finds a treasure, but is robbed by porters whom he has employed to rid him of the trouble of carrying it. Chauvin II 82 No. 2; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 179; B[ц]dker Exempler 272 No. 2; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2093. J2093. Valuables given away or sold for trifle.

J2093.1. J2093.1. Numskull gives away the old water bag in which the money is hid. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 201 No. 393.

J2093.2. J2093.2. Woman gives a jewel for a salad. The recipient is also a numskull and doesn’t know its value. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 30.

J2093.3. J2093.3. Fool ignorant of value of jewel throws it away. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2093.3.1. J2093.3.1. Boy refuses pearls for worthless stones; jeweler recognizes them for what they are. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2093.4. J2093.4. Good timber given for useless because wife says they will have only sickness and trouble. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2093.5. J2093.5. Sacks of gold and silver traded for sacks of rice. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2093.6. J2093.6. Gold and jewels sold for trifle. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2094. J2094. Expensive wood burned to make charcoal. Penzer V 67.

J2095. J2095. To eat a hundred onions. Choice of eating 100 onions, receiving 100 blows, or paying 100 coins. Fool tries onions in vain, then the blows, and finally must give the coins. *Zachariae Kleine Schriften 170; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 349; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2096. J2096. Stupid boy convinced that trading all his silver for worthless cup will gain people‘s respect. Chinese: Graham.

J2099. J2099. Foolish bargain: miscellaneous. U.S.: Baughman.

J2099.1. J2099.1. Woman exchanges a horse for a sack of bones. She has been falsely told that the sack is filled with gold. Type 2007*.

J2100. J2100. Remedies worse than the disease.

J2101. J2101. Getting rid of the cat. In a land in which cats are not known, one is bought at a great price. It eats many mice. By misunderstanding, they think the cat is a monster. In order to get rid of it they set the house on fire. *Type 1281; BP II 72 n. 1; Christensen DF XLVII 219ff. no. 82.

J2101.1. J2101.1. Lighting the cat’s tail. Woman wishing to punish a cat fastens cotton to its tail and lights it. The whole village is burnt. Clouston Noodles 65; Wesselski Mдrchen 251 No. 59; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2102. J2102. Expensive means of being rid of insects.

J2102.1. J2102.1. Sleeping in shoes to avoid insect bites. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 237 No. 524.

J2102.2. J2102.2. Snake rids himself of wasps: he lets himself be run over by a cart wheel along with them. Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 49), 128 (ST 363); Halm Aesop No. 393.

J2102.3. J2102.3. Bald man aims at a fly: hurts his head. Jacobs Aesop 204 No. 18; Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 313), 128 (ST 361).

J2102.4. J2102.4. House burned down to rid it of insects. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 37; *BP III 288; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 244 No. 137; Christensen DF XLVII 219ff. No. 82; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 267.

J2102.4.1. J2102.4.1. House burned down to get rid of lizard. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2102.5. J2102.5. Burning the wasp nest. The house catches fire and burns. Clouston Noodles 40 n. 1; England: Baughman.

J2102.6. J2102.6. Clothes burned to rid them of insects. Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 288), 128 (ST 362); Halm Aesop No. 411.

J2102.7. J2102.7. Crop burned to rid it of insects. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2102.8. J2102.8. Frogs to eat insects, snakes to eat frogs. Snakes eat numskull‘s family. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2103. J2103. Expensive extermination of rodents.

J2103.1. J2103.1. The cat to guard the cheese. A farmer troubled with mice eating his cheese places a cat in the tub with the cheese. She eats the mice and the cheese. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 35; *Crane Vitry 138 No. 11; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2103.1.1. J2103.1.1. The cat and the eel-pie. Woman puts cat in flour bin to catch a mouse. The cat eats the pie in the bin and loses interest in the mouse. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2103.2. J2103.2. Pursuing the rabbit who harmed the garden. Peasant asks a nobleman’s help against a rabbit. The nobleman chases the rabbit on horseback for five days and ruins the peasant‘s crop. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 25.

J2103.2.1. J2103.2.1. King ruins his garden to get rid of viper. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2103.3. J2103.3. House burned down to get rid of rats. (Cf. J2102.4.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J2104. J2104. Moving the fireplace. When it gives too much heat numskulls decide to move it instead of putting out the fire. Type 1325*.

J2104.1. J2104.1. Cleaning the church by moving it. A cow fouls a church. Numskulls try to move the church with ropes. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 293 No. 4.

J2105. J2105. Protecting the prince’s slumber. To keep croaking frogs from disturbing him, the fools shoot at the frogs all night. Type 1329*.

J2106. J2106. Man kills self to make quarrelsome wife a widow. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2107. J2107. Taming the bull by cutting off his horns. It makes him the more violent. *Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 360), 116 (ST 263).

J2108. J2108. Punishing the dog by feeding him. A man is bitten by a dog. On the advice of an old woman he rubs bread on the wound and gives it to the dog. All dogs will bite him if they thus get double reward. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 520), 116 (ST 265); Halm Aesop No. 221.

J2112. J2112. Gray hair cured by pulling it out so that the person is bald. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 504; U.S.: Baughman.

J2112.1. J2112.1. Young wife pulls out his gray hairs; old wife his black. Soon all are gone. *Chauvin II 128 No. 134; Fb “hеr” IV 241b; Crane Vitry 215 No. 201; *Herbert III 16; Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 489), 129 (ST 372); Halm Aesop No. 56; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2113. J2113. Getting the calf‘s head out of the pot. A calf gets its head caught in a pot. A fool cuts off the calf’s head and then breaks the pot to get it out. Clouston Noodles 89; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2113.1. J2113.1. Man strikes off donkey‘s head to punish it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2114. J2114. Snakes in pond to be killed: eels also killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2115. J2115. Fools take fatal overdose of medicine. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2119. J2119. Remedies worse than the disease--miscellaneous.

J2119.1. J2119.1. Nose cut off to get it out of the light. Koryak, Eskimo: Jochelson JE VI 364.

J2119.1.1. J2119.1.1. Improving the wife’s face by cutting off her nose. Penzer V 68f.; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 21 No. 76.

J2119.2. J2119.2. Straight path not always shortest. (Cf. J21.5.)

J2119.2.1. J2119.2.1. Taking the short-cut. Farmer takes a few feet off his journey and lifts a wheelbarrow over 22 stiles in so doing. Clouston Noodles 54; England: Baughman.

J2119.2.2. J2119.2.2. One contestant chooses straight path through stones; other circles about and wins. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2119.3. J2119.3. Noodles push parents over a rock as a favor to them. Icelandic: Boberg.

J2119.4. J2119.4. Numskulls bore hole in boat in order to make water run out. Christensen DF XLVII no. 45.

J2119.5. J2119.5. Stupid giant, seeing how fat he has become, wants to eat himself up. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2119.6. J2119.6. How to save the rice. Boy has rice in joined hands and arms around a pillar. Afraid to move lest rice be lost. Roof is removed and boy lifted over pillar. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2119.7. J2119.7. Stupid cowherds apply hot iron to temples of unconscious man to revive him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2119.8. J2119.8. Cow tied tight with stones in order not to blow away, but is unable to do all others things too. Christensen DF XLVII 216 no. 76.

J2119.9. J2119.9. Hero beheads old woman who asks him to cure her of old age. Icelandic: Boberg.

J2120. J2120. Disregard of danger to objects (or animals).

J2121. J2121. Drying snow on the stove. Type 1272*.

J2122. J2122. Candle put in the stove to dry: melts. Type 1270.

J2123. J2123. Sunlight carried into windowless house in baskets. When this plan does not succeed, they gradually pull down the house to get light. Type 1245; *Fb “lys” II 483b; Clouston Noodles 58, 64; Christensen DF XLVII 215 No. 74, ibid. DF L 49.

J2124. J2124. Putting the fish aside for Easter. They are put in one big pool, but an eel eats them up. Clouston Noodles 34.

J2124.1. J2124.1. Numskull sends meat home through kite (bird); kite devours it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2125. J2125. Guarding chickens from the fox. Numskull ties their beaks and weights them down in the river with stones. BP III 337ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 139 No. 1692.

J2126. J2126. Numskull to water roots of tree. Digs up the tree to find the roots. Von der Leyen Das Mдrchen 78 and Herrigs Archiv CXIV 20 n. 2.

J2126.1. J2126.1. Trees cut down to gather fruit. Penzer V 70f.

J2127. J2127. Looking for the hole. Numskull is to carry a can of oil with especial care since it has a little hole in it. In order to find the hole he turns the can about and lets all the oil run out. Penzer V 84; Von der Leyen Das Mдrchen 78 and Herrigs Archiv CXIV 20 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2129. J2129. Disregard of danger to objects or animals--miscellaneous.

J2129.1. J2129.1. Fools make a boat go over a precipice. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 249.

J2129.2. J2129.2. Quarreling heirs destroy the entire property involved. Clouston Noodles 119; West Indies: Flowers 487f.

J2129.3. J2129.3. Getting all the eggs at once. A peasant kills his hen so that he can immediately get all the eggs she will lay during the next year. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 53; Scala Celi 4b No. 21.

J2129.4. J2129.4. Fool sticks needle in haywagon. He has been told to stick it in his sleeve. It is lost. Type 1696; *BP I 314; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 141 No. 1703.

J2129.5. J2129.5. Old shoes patched with new. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 319 No. 18.

J2129.6. J2129.6. Keeping rain from the trunks. Numskulls take out the clothing and cover the trunks to keep rain off. Penzer V 116 n. 1.

J2129.7. J2129.7. Horse drawn across ice till skin is rubbed off. Type 1212.

J2129.8. J2129.8. Fool sows his mother‘s seed rice on other people’s fields. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2130. J2130. Foolish disregard of personal danger.

J2131. J2131. Numskull injured. U.S.: Baughman.

J2131.0.1. J2131.0.1. Numskulls try to kill mosquitoes with bows and arrows: only injure themselves. Clouston Noodles 95.

J2131.1. J2131.1. Numskull beaten.

J2131.1.1. J2131.1.1. Numskull tries to preach while the priest is preaching: beaten. U.S.: Baughman; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 138 No. 1690.

J2131.2. J2131.2. Numskull stung.

J2131.2.1. J2131.2.1. Bees caught in sack which is opened at home. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 268.

J2131.3. J2131.3. Numskull injures his limbs. U.S.: Baughman.

J2131.3.1. J2131.3.1. Girl hacks off her heel to get shoe on. Fb “hжl” I 727; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 111--112, Espinosa Jr. No. 119.

J2131.3.1.1. J2131.3.1.1. Fool cuts off his arms to wear sleeveless sweater. U.S.: *Baughman.

J2131.3.2. J2131.3.2. Dupe persuaded to cut off part of his own body. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2131.3.3. J2131.3.3. Man lays piece of wood on his leg to saw it: saws leg off. U.S.: Baughman.

J2131.4. J2131.4. Numskull puts out his eyes. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2131.4.1. J2131.4.1. Looking through the gun barrel. The numskull (stupid ogre) is shot. Types 1158, 1228.

J2131.5. J2131.5. Numskull gets his head caught. (Cf. J2136.6.)

J2131.5.1. J2131.5.1. Trickster puts on buffalo skull: gets head caught. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 297 n. 86.

J2131.5.2. J2131.5.2. Numskull licks out pot: gets it caught on his head. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 263, Coster-Wijsman 62 No. 98.

J2131.5.3. J2131.5.3. Numskull sticks his head in the branches of a tree. Type 1241; Christensen DF XLVII 192ff. no. 19.

J2131.5.4. J2131.5.4. Numskull sticks his head into the hole of a millstone. It rolls into the lake. *Type 1247.

J2131.5.5. J2131.5.5. Wolf trying to catch tongue of camel puts head in camel‘s mouth: killed. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2131.5.6. J2131.5.6. Jackal’s head caught in pot of blue dye. Animals make him king, but detect him from his cry and turn him out. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2131.5.7. J2131.5.7. Fox trying to drown jug. Sticks his head into it and gets drowned himself. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *66; Russian: Andrejev No. *64.

J2132. J2132. Numskull dragged.

J2132.1. J2132.1. Man catches buffalo by rope and is dragged to death. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 155 No. 1.

J2132.2. J2132.2. Numskull ties the rope to his leg as the cow grazes on the roof. The cow falls off and the man is pulled up the chimney. *Type 1408; *BP I 321.

J2132.2.1. J2132.2.1. Fool ties rope to his leg and to dog. Is dragged. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2132.2.2. J2132.2.2. Hand bound to dog‘s leash: person dragged. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2132.3. J2132.3. Milker ties cow’s tail to himself. Bees sting the cow. Type 1849*.

J2132.3.1. J2132.3.1. Jackal ties captive crow to his tail. Crow pecks self loose and injures jackal’s tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2132.4. J2132.4. Numskull rides on tiger‘s back. (Cf. J1758.1.1.) Dragged to his death (or injured). India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2132.5. J2132.5. Animal allows himself to be tied to another’s tail and is dragged to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2132.5.1. J2132.5.1. Other animal‘s tail tied to tiger’s (leopard‘s): killed when tiger flees. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2133. J2133. Numskull falls.

J2133.1. J2133.1. Camel with ass on his back dances. Falls and is killed. *Chauvin III 49 No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2133.2. J2133.2. Monkey jumps over a ravine with his sword girded on. Falls to his death. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 79.

J2133.3. J2133.3. Cat crawls to steeple and tries to fly. Falls. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 15.

J2133.3.1. J2133.3.1. Coyote attempts to fly from a treetop: falls. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 85.

J2133.4. J2133.4. Numskull cuts off tree-limb on which he sits. *Type 1240; Kцhler-Bolte I 51, 135, 486ff.; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 216f. No. 49; Chauvin II 201 No. 47; Clouston Noodles 158; Fb “trж” III 967; Christensen DF XLVII 229; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 293 No. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2133.5. J2133.5. Men hang down in a chain until top man spits on his hands. They all fall. *Type 1250; Kцhler-Bolte I 113; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 242 No. 124; *Bolte Schweiz. Arch. f. Vksk. XXIII (1920-21) 36ff.; Clouston Noodles 46; Christensen DF XLVII 179ff., 193 No. 7; Virginian: Parsons JAFL XXXV 302; Chinese: Chavannes II 324.

J2133.5.1. J2133.5.1. Wife carried up tree to sky in bag in husband‘s teeth. She asks question and he drops her when he answers. Clouston Noodles 48, 51.

J2133.5.1.1. J2133.5.1.1. Servant carrying master across stream answers question with gesture that throws master off. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2133.5.2. J2133.5.2. Numskull going to heaven holding on tail of divine elephant, looses his hold to make gesture. He and all holding on to him fall. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2133.5.3. J2133.5.3. Three men in a tree sing song and clap hands: they fall down and die. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2133.6. J2133.6. Wolves climb on top of one another to tree: lowest runs away and all fall. Type 121; *BP II 530 n. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

J2133.6.1. J2133.6.1. Measuring the tower by piling up hampers. They place hampers on top of one another. The fool has them take out the two on the bottom. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 141 No. 1703, Espinosa III 147; Africa (Ashanti): Werner African 125.

J2133.7. J2133.7. Intruding wolf falls down chimney and kills himself. Type 123; *BP I 40.

J2133.8. J2133.8. Stargazer falls into well. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 514), 107 (ST 194); Halm Aesop No. 72; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2133.9. J2133.9. Blind leading blind falls into pit. Chauvin II 157 No. 34; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2133.10. J2133.10. Monkey jumps into water after a butterfly. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 77.

J2133.11. J2133.11. Hedgehog and crab jump from boat after turtle. They fall on floating leather. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 128.

J2133.12. J2133.12. Woman tries to climb rope of excrement and urine. (Cf. H1021.1.) Marquesas: Handy 40.

J2133.13. J2133.13. Fool dangling from tree by hands tries to clap them together: falls. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2133.14. J2133.14. Fool re-enacts the accident. Falls and injures self and others. (Cf. J2062.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J2133.14.1. J2133.14.1. How was the pigeon killed? Fool aims stone at inquirer saying, “I struck him like this.” Inquirer is killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2134. J2134. Numskull makes himself sick (uncomfortable).

J2134.1. J2134.1. Trickster eats scratch-berries. Cause great itching. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 304 n. 109k.

J2134.2. J2134.2. Trickster eats medicines that physic him. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109h, (California): Gayton and Newman 83.

J2134.2.1. J2134.2.1. Numskulls eat medicine that physics them. Biscayans pour medicine into rice for broth with which to cook rice. Spanish: Childers.

J2135. J2135. Numskull starves himself.

J2135.1. J2135.1. Fasting the first month. Numskull having enough food to last him eleven out of the twelve months fasts the entire first month so as to get the ordeal over. He starves with eleven months’ supply on hand. Clouston Noodles 89; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2136. J2136. Numskull brings about his own capture. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2136.1. J2136.1. Coyote wears fox‘s rattle; caught in brush and injured. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n 109bb.

J2136.2. J2136.2. Trickster gets caught on a fishhook. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109bb.

J2136.3. J2136.3. Goat eats in garden and is caught. Fox says, “If your sense were as long as your beard, you would look for exits as well as entrances.” Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 33 No. 128.

J2136.4. J2136.4. Trickster pinched by shellfish (crab). B[ц]dker Exempler 281 No. 26; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 60, 62, 63; West Indies: Flowers 488.

J2136.5. J2136.5. Careless thief caught.

J2136.5.1. J2136.5.1. Thief stops to admire beautiful things before stealing them. Caught. Scala Celi 58a No. 324; **Zachariae Studien zur vgl. Litg. IX 284ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.1.1. J2136.5.1.1. Thief debates whether to take one thing or another. Caught. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.2. J2136.5.2. Talkative thief caught. Zachariae Kleine Schriften 179; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 22 No. 101; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 66; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 66 No. 112.

J2136.5.3. J2136.5.3. Thief of deer cuts it up and keeps counting pieces. Rescued by wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.4. J2136.5.4. Numskull as thief‘s assistant wakens owner. Pleads successfully that he was trying to awaken the household and prevent theft. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.5. J2136.5.5. Foolish thief cooks food and awakens household. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.6. J2136.5.6. Foolish thief asks help of owner. Caught. (Cf. J2223.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.6.1. J2136.5.6.1. Master asked to help in the theft. The fool sent in by thieves is told to bring out the heaviest thing. As this is a grain-grinder and he cannot carry it, he wakes the master of the house to help him. Clouston Noodles 142; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.7. J2136.5.7. Thieving numskull beats drum (blows trumpet, etc.) he finds in outhouse. Caught. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.8. J2136.5.8. Thieves disposed of one at a time. They will not help each other since the fewer thieves there are the more there is to share. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2136.5.9. J2136.5.9. Thieving wolf persuaded to sing. Caught. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2136.6. J2136.6. Animal caught in animal carcass. (Cf. J2131.5.)

J2136.6.1. J2136.6.1. Greedy jackal caught in carcass of dead bullock. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2137. J2137. Death through lack of foresight.

J2137.1. J2137.1. The louse invites the flea. The flea bites the man and jumps away. The bed is searched and the louse killed. Chauvin II 89 No. 27; Spanish Exempla: Keller; B[ц]dker Exempler 283 No. 29; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2137.2. J2137.2. Dogs of wolf color join the wolves. As soon as they have killed the other dogs the wolves then turn on the wolf-colored dogs which they have persuaded to join them. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 431.

J2137.3. J2137.3. Bee rests on water lily which closes over it at night and kills it. *Chauvin II 89 n. 1.

J2137.4. J2137.4. Crocodile swallows water-snake, which kills him. Herbert III 44; Hervieux IV 192 No. 18.

J2137.5. J2137.5. Sheep killed by the butcher, who they are persuaded will spare them. Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 282), 118 (ST 286).

J2137.6. J2137.6. Camel and ass together captured because of ass’s singing. *Chauvin III 49 No. 1; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 199-201, 204-5; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2137.7. J2137.7. King attempts to visit the spirit world underground and dies in a tunnel. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2143. J2143. Foolish interference in quarrel of the strong fatal to the weak.

J2143.1. J2143.1. Sparrow intervenes in quarrel between elephants: crushed to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2146. J2146. Disastrous jump to retrieve lost object.

J2146.1. J2146.1. Miser jumps into a ravine to retrieve single grain. Breaks both legs. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2146.2. J2146.2. Man leaps into river and drowns in effort to save his treasure. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2160. J2160. Other short-sighted acts.

J2161. J2161. Short-sightedness in dressing.

J2161.1. J2161.1. Jumping into the breeches. Trying to draw both legs on at once. Type 1286; Kцhler-Bolte I 82; Clouston Noodles 201.

J2161.2. J2161.2. Pulling on the shirt. The shirt is sewed together at the neck. The man‘s head is cut off so that the shirt can be put on him. *Type 1285; *Fb “skjorte” III 269a; Clouston Noodles 209; Christensen DF L 49.

J2161.3. J2161.3. Lacing the shoes. Fool laces bedcovering to shoe. Irish myth: Cross.

J2162. J2162. Short-sighted use of fire.

J2162.1. J2162.1. Burning the temple to attain notoriety. *Crane Vitry 143 No. 27.

J2162.2. J2162.2. Fool whose house is burning puts wood on the fire. Herbert III 63; Hervieux IV 280 No. 40.

J2162.3. J2162.3. Quenching the burning boat. People row to land and fetch water from a spring to put out the fire. Type 1330; Japanese: Ikeda.

J2163. J2163. Carrying the plow horse so as not to tramp up the field. (Cf. J2103.2.) Type 1201; *Wesselski Bebel I 138 No. 43.

J2163.1. J2163.1. Numskulls carry one another through mud and the others back in order that not all get dirty. Christensen DF XLVII No. 32.

J2163.2. J2163.2. Sedan-bearers must carry master about searching for dog since they have refused to search. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2164. J2164. Short-sightedness in rowing.

J2164.1. J2164.1. Rowers pull in opposite directions. Type 1276.

J2164.2. J2164.2. Rowing in a boat which is tied up. Type 1276.

J2165. J2165. Carrying load up hill to roll it down. Fools carry log (millstone) down hill. They realize that they might have rolled it down. They therefore carry it back up hill to roll it down. Type 1213; Clouston Noodles 59.

J2166. J2166. Short-sighted lover is slow to follow up advantage. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2167. J2167. Porridge eaten in different rooms. The porridge in one, the milk in another. Type 1263.

J2168. J2168. The slaughter of the ox. In preparation, the feet are cut off the evening before. Type 1261.

J2171. J2171. Short-sightedness in carpentry.

J2171.1. J2171.1. Short-sightedness in boat-building.

J2171.1.1. J2171.1.1. Ship built with a wooden saw. The ship has no bottom and is so narrow that nothing can get into it. Type 1274*.

J2171.1.2. J2171.1.2. The ogre tars the hero’s boat, thinking to injure him. Type 1156.

J2171.1.3. J2171.1.3. Dupe makes boat of mud. It melts. (Cf. J2186.) Japanese: Ikeda; American Negro: Harris Friends 69ff. No. 9.

J2171.1.3.1. J2171.1.3.1. Attempts to make canoe of sand. (Cf. H1021.3.) Marquesas: Handy 45, 91.

J2171.1.3.2. J2171.1.3.2. Building boat of clay. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 267.

J2171.2. J2171.2. Short-sightedness in roofing.

J2171.2.1. J2171.2.1. Does not need roof when it is fair; cannot put it on when it rains. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 599; Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 269), 134 (ST 402); Halm Aesop No. 222; Japanese: Ikeda. Cf. Russian: Andrejev No. 72.

J2171.2.2. J2171.2.2. Fool roofs his house on the inside. New Britain: Dixon 123.

J2171.3. J2171.3. Builders throw away beams from the scaffolding until it all falls down. Type 1245***.

J2171.4. J2171.4. The axes thrown away. The first lets his axe fall. The others throw theirs in the same place. Type 1246; Fb “hammer” IV 199a; Christensen DF XLVII 194.

J2171.5. J2171.5. Bird nest of salt melts away. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2171.6. J2171.6. Man on camel has doorway broken down so he can ride in. It does not occur to him to dismount. (Cf. J2199.3.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2172. J2172. Short-sightedness in caring for live-stock.

J2172.1. J2172.1. The shepherd who cried “Wolf!” too often. When the wolf really comes no one believes him. Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 508), 104 (ST 172); Halm Aesop No. 353; Jacobs Aesop 210 No. 43; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 489.

J2172.2. J2172.2. Shepherd shuts up the lion in the yard with the live-stock. He hopes to capture the lion, but loses all his beasts. Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 317), 136 (ST 414); Halm Aesop No. 250.

J2172.2.1. J2172.2.1. Wolf almost locked up in the stable by the shepherd. The dog: “What good to lock us up from the wolf when he is with us?” Wienert FFC LVI 68 (ET 327), 135 (ST 411); Halm Aesop No. 371.

J2172.2.2. J2172.2.2. Wolf locked up with the sheep. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J2173. J2173. Short-sighted fool loses his food.

J2173.1. J2173.1. Sleeping trickster‘s feast stolen. Before eating his booty the numskull sleeps. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 84.

J2173.2. J2173.2. Getting a sword to lift the cheese. A numskull sees a cheese by the side of the road and tries to lift it up with his sword, but the sword is too short. He leaves the cheese and goes away to borrow a longer sword. Meantime someone else takes the cheese. Field Pent Cuckoo 8; England: Baughman.

J2173.3. J2173.3. The bird boasts about capturing the rabbit. Meantime other birds eat the rabbit. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 172.

J2173.4. J2173.4. Deer lost through premature celebration. A fool in celebration of the capture of a deer puts his clothes on the bound deer. He throws a knife to cut the deer’s throat but the knife cuts the snare and the deer runs away with the clothes. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 261.

J2173.5. J2173.5. Fool kills chickens by throwing them off a balcony against a stone. Kites carry them off. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 66 No. 1692.

J2173.6. J2173.6. Crocodile goes after the second child. He finds two children bathing in the river and carries one to his hole. He tells the child to wait while he goes for the other child. Both children escape. Africa (Benga): Nassau 82 No. 2.

J2173.7. J2173.7. Trickster travels while fish cook: they burn up. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 83.

J2173.8. J2173.8. Man saves trouble by milking cow directly into his mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2173.9. J2173.9. How to remove hairs from salt. Washed with water, salt melts away. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2174. J2174. Foolish demands before death.

J2174.1. J2174.1. His last request: a red cap. A man about to be hanged keeps asking for his red cap which he has left in prison. He has no thought of his real peril. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 27.

J2174.2. J2174.2. Wholesome food for the day of hanging. A man about to be hanged is very particular about his bread lest it impair his health. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 28.

J2174.3. J2174.3. Having the head dressed before hanging. A man who has hurt his head in trying to hang himself has the head dressed by a doctor and then goes and hangs himself. Clouston Noodles 6.

J2174.4. J2174.4. Hang me right away so I can get back to work. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2175. J2175. Short-sightedness in dealing with children.

J2175.1. J2175.1. Anticipatory whipping. A schoolmaster whips his pupils to keep them from wrong-doing. He does not wait until after the deed is done. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 231 No. 499.

J2175.1.1. J2175.1.1. Priest beats wife before purchasing food since he wishes her to cook it in particular way. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2175.2. J2175.2. Scolding the drowning child instead of helping him. Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 486), 102 (ST 155); Halm Aesop No. 352.

J2175.3. J2175.3. Absent-minded nurse lets child down into well instead of bucket. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2175.4. J2175.4. Man lets his infant son play in river. Son drowns. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2175.5. J2175.5. Numskull is sent to fetch children. He either smothers them during conveyance or scalds them during bathing. (Cf. J2465.4.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1677; Russian: Andrejev No. *1681 II.

J2175.6. J2175.6. Numskull kills his children trying to cure their illness. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2176. J2176. Fool lets wine run in the cellar. He (she) falls into a study (or chases a dog) while the spigot is open. *Type 1387; BP I 316, 521ff.; *Fb “tosse” III 832a, “t[ц]nde” III 935a, “[ц]l” III 1175; Christensen DF L 49; Italian Basile Pentamerone I No. 4.

J2176.1. J2176.1. Fool tries to dry up spilt wine with meal. Type 1387; *BP I 522.

J2176.2. J2176.2. Drinking gruel by making hole in pot. Gruel runs out. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2178. J2178. No room left for the feast. A peasant on the way to a feast drinks so much ditch-water that he has no room left for the feast. Herbert III 54, 82; Scala Celi 76a No. 433; Alphabet No. 245.

J2178.1. J2178.1. Master sets servant example by eating rind first: fills up and never reaches the fruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2181. J2181. Burning up the seal. Numskulls buy a charter from their lord. In celebration they get drunk and use the seal as a candle and forfeit their charter. Clouston Noodles 17; England: Baughman.

J2182. J2182. A fleeing fox loses an eye in the briars. Returns the next day and eats it, thinking that it tastes like chicken. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 33 No. *135B.

J2183. J2183. Disastrous hesitation.

J2183.1. J2183.1. The dog between the two castles. In castles on opposite hills guards play different tunes during meals. The dog goes toward the music in one castle but when he is about half way up the hill the music begins on the other. He keeps alternating and running up and down until the meals are over and he gets nothing. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 24; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2183.2. J2183.2. Who shall go first? Train leaves overpolite travelers. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2183.3. J2183.3. Bird overcareful about food suitable to its color is killed by eagle. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2183.4. J2183.4. Two prisoners use up their hour of grace disputing over road to take home. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2183.5. J2183.5. Princess who is too choosy finally marries an idiot. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2183.6. J2183.6. Short-sightedness in case of fire. Christensen DF XLVII 200 nos. 34-35.

J2183.6.1. J2183.6.1. Whose duty to put out fire? Officers investigate; meanwhile fire burns town. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2184. J2184. The polluted clothes. A Brahmin washes clothes to purify them. As they hang to dry, a dog walks under them and the Brahmin fears that they are polluted. By putting himself on all-fours like a dog and fastening a leaf like a dog’s tail he experiments and decides that the dog must have touched the clothes. He therefore destroys them instead of rewashing them. Clouston Noodles 176.

J2185. J2185. Dearly bought disgrace. A foolish priest is pushed into the water. “I wish I had drowned; then you would all have been disgraced.” *Wesselski Bebel I 181 No. 27; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2185.1. J2185.1. “If you had hanged me you would have really been in trouble.” (Similar to J2185.) Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 44.

J2186. J2186. Trickster’s false creations fail him. A trickster creates men from his excrements (or the like). They melt in the sun. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 356 n. 286.

J2187. J2187. The bear riding the horse lets his paws fall on the horse‘s flanks. He is caught on a tree and leaves his claws in the horse’s flesh. Type 117*.

J2188. J2188. The man who wanted to be dead one day. A husband tells his wife that he has provisions for every day in the year but one. He proposes to play dead for that one day, thinking that the servants will be overcome with grief and cannot eat. After brief mourning, however, they eat more than usual. The man then thinks to frighten them by rising from the dead. One servant thinking the dead man suffering from devils kills him. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 176.

J2191. J2191. A fool releases a bear while the master is away. The bear plays havoc. The master threatens to cut off the ears of the meddler. The fool asks his dog not to tell on him. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 696.

J2192. J2192. The messenger without the message. A fool is told that he is to go to a neighboring castle the next morning. He is to take letters, but the next morning without reporting for instructions the fool goes on the journey. He is given a bag of stones to carry back. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 731; Christensen DF XLVII 201 no. 38, 204, 221; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2192.1. J2192.1. Message after a week. A fool is sent to tell his master‘s wife that he will not return that day for dinner. He delays the message for a week. Italian: Crane Italian Popular Tales 378.

J2193. J2193. Fool has himself buried because he stinks. Indonesian: DeVries’s list No. 271, Coster-Wijsman 53 No. 78.

J2194. J2194. Raven steals the robes of Red Willow Men and finds them useless. N. A. Indian (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 223 No. 1 (32); Boas RBAE XXXI 722.

J2195. J2195. People pelt each other with food. Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 375; Penzer V 72f.

J2196. J2196. Grain shot down with guns. People unacquainted with the sickle. *Type 1202; *BP II 72 n. 1.

J2197. J2197. Carpe diem. An abbot is planning to build a palace. The fool: “Why go to all that trouble? Just enjoy yourself with wine, women, and song.” Wesselski Bebel I 179 No. 22.

J2198. J2198. Bewailing a calamity that has not occurred. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2199. J2199. Absurd shortsightedness--miscellaneous.

J2199.1. J2199.1. Alarm sounded foolishly.

J2199.1.1. J2199.1.1. Fool rings bell to announce that he has won at chess. No one comes when he rings to save his home from fire. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2199.1.2. J2199.1.2. Woman to sound bell for help in childbirth persuaded to sound false alarms: not heeded when help is needed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2199.2. J2199.2. Persons build a wheelbarrow too large to come out of shed. England: *Baughman.

J2199.3. J2199.3. Nine men try to lift bull over the fence. One gets the idea of taking it through the gate. (Cf. J2171.6.) England: *Baughman.

J2199.4. J2199.4. Short-sighted economy.

J2199.4.1. J2199.4.1. Numskull is glad to hurt his feet instead of his shoes. Christensen DF XLVII no. 58.

J2200-J2259.

J2200-J2259. Absurd lack of logic.

J2200. J2200. Absurd lack of logic--general. Missouri French: Carriиre.

J2210. J2210. Logical absurdity based upon certain false assumptions.

J2211. J2211. Differences in animal nature overlooked. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2211.1. J2211.1. Frogs reprove ass for lamenting when he falls into morass. “What would you do if you had to live here always?” Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 163), 90 (ST 30); Halm Aesop No. 327.

J2211.2. J2211.2. Why the sow was muddy. A magpie is punished by his master, who throws him into a mud puddle. The magpie sees a muddy sow. He says, “You also must have had a quarrel with your master.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 669; U.S.: Baughman.

J2211.3. J2211.3. The murderous master. Dogs flee from their master because in time of famine he has killed his cattle. If he kills the cattle, he will surely kill the dogs. Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 377), 106 (ST 189); Halm Aesop No. 95.

J2211.4. J2211.4. Ass brays on hearing a conch shell. Owner thinks he must have been a saint in a former life. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2212. J2212. Effects of age and size absurdly applied.

J2212.1. J2212.1. Two fifteen-year old slaves ordered: fool brings one thirty years old. Clouston Noodles 4.

J2212.1.1. J2212.1.1. Priest to have maid at least fifty years old: gets one aged twenty and one aged thirty. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 34; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2212.2. J2212.2. Burial in old grave to deceive angel. Fool thinks that the angel who comes to question him will pass him by since he has apparently been dead a long time. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 210 No. 22.

J2212.3. J2212.3. Wooden anchor would hold if it were only large, thinks the fool. Type 1277**.

J2212.4. J2212.4. The reef is old, the ship new. They think the vessel will endure the shocks better than the reef. Type 1277*.

J2212.5. J2212.5. Swift when only a calf. A numskull who rides an ox to a tournament is ridiculed. He says, “He is swifter than a horse. You should have seen him run when he was only a calf.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 228 No. 73.

J2212.6. J2212.6. The Zodiac grows up: the Kid becomes the Goat. A fool who was born under the sign of the Kid declares that he was born under the Goat. “Hasn‘t it had time in these fifty years to become a goat?” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 235 No. 105.

J2212.7. J2212.7. Boat expected to grow into ship. Christensen DF XLVII 189 No. 15.

J2212.8. J2212.8. Peasant no longer wants a horse since the new born foal is so heavy to carry. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2212.9. J2212.9. Our children know local road; odd that grown stranger does not. French: Irwin Verville No. 210.

J2213. J2213. Illogical use of numbers.

J2213.1. J2213.1. Each of two persons wants to sleep in the middle. (Sometimes solved by placing an object on one side of the bed.) Type 1289; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 416 No. 15.

J2213.2. J2213.2. A profitable fight: three for one! A priest boasts of his profitable fight with the peasants, where he has received three blows for every one given. *Wesselski Bebel I 173 No. 11.

J2213.3. J2213.3. The seventh cake satisfies. Fool regrets that he had not eaten number seven first since that was the one that brought satisfaction. *Von der Leyen Das Mдrchen 78 and Herrigs Archiv CXIV 20 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2213.4. J2213.4. If the horse can pull one load he can pull two. *Type 1242; Christensen DF XLVII 224 No. 86.

J2213.5. J2213.5. Twenty better than ten. A numskull is asked how many daily prayers (Moslem) there are. “Twenty.”--“There are only four.”--“I said that there are twenty; that is even better.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 261 No. 222.

J2213.5.1. J2213.5.1. More than twenty commandments. Numskull asked the number of commandments replies that there are twenty. He explains to another that he knows there must be more than twenty because the minister would not accept his answer. Scotland: Baughman.

J2213.6. J2213.6. Selling his half of the house. A man owns half a house. He wants to sell his half so as to get money to buy the other half and thus have a whole house. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 282 No. 336.

J2213.7. J2213.7. Dentist duped to pull out two teeth for one because of the expensiveness. Christensen DF XLVII 205.

J2213.8. J2213.8. Man prefers small oysters, since he will get more to the hundred. England: Baughman.

J2213.9. J2213.9. Numskull finds that one feather makes a hard pillow, thinks a sackful would be unbearable. Canada: Baughman.

J2214. J2214. Absurd generalization from a particular incident. U.S., England: *Baughman.

J2214.1. J2214.1. Peas will burn. Fool warns those who ride through a field of peas. “You will burn your horses’ feet. I burned my mouth with hot peas the other day.” Clouston Noodles 77; French: Irwin Verville No. 83.

J2214.2. J2214.2. Conclusion: youth and age are alike. Reason: he tried in vain as a youth to lift a certain stone; he has also tried in vain as an old man. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 265 No. 240.

J2214.3. J2214.3. Waiting at the well for the thief. A thief has stolen a salted cheese. Since one always goes to the well after eating salted cheese, the thief will also come. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 243 No. 128.

J2214.3.1. J2214.3.1. Waiting in the graveyard for the thief. He must eventually come here. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 243 No. 128.

J2214.3.2. J2214.3.2. Waiting for the thief to return for the bolster. After the cover is stolen, the numskulls conclude that the thief will certainly return for the bolster. Clouston Noodles 14.

J2214.3.3. J2214.3.3. Waiting for the thieves to return for invoice of goods stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2214.4. J2214.4. Human milk as best diet (for baby). Fool therefore will take nothing but milk from his wife and starves the baby. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2214.5. J2214.5. Man is servant of the animals (for he supplies feed for them). Fish so reason. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2214.6. J2214.6. Men must have been calves once (for they are fond of milk). Fish so reason. (Cf. B233.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J2214.7. J2214.7. Oil is cheap (or spilling oil is good luck). Man hearing this breaks oil vessels. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2214.8. J2214.8. Fool carries his wife to the remedy instead of the opposite. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2214.9. J2214.9. Dipping into cold water to cure fever, since hot iron is so cooled. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2214.10. J2214.10. Starving colt fierce from hunger, but fool refuses to feed it lest it become fiercer. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2214.11. J2214.11. England must be full of widows. So concludes widow‘s daughter, who makes her living by spinning, when she sees so much warm goods from England. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2214.12. J2214.12. False judgment of distance in clear atmosphere of mountain area. Canada: Baughman.

J2214.12.1. J2214.12.1. Newcomer undresses to swim a five-foot stream. He has walked all morning toward a mountain that seems only five miles away, but which is actually sixty miles from his starting point. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

J2215. J2215. Absurd reasoning about God.

J2215.1. J2215.1. God’s wastefulness. A man is robbed and later the same day is given much money. He complains to God, “What was the use of taking from me what you were going to give back to me after stealing from another?” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 212 No. 34.

J2215.2. J2215.2. The servant of God beaten. A man who says that he is the servant of so and so is treated with great consideration. His companion, who says that he is a servant of God is put to work. He cannot understand why God‘s servant should not be more important than the other. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 249 No. 162.

J2215.3. J2215.3. Man honored above God: the dead hen. A fool finds a dead hen and cooks it and serves it for dinner. When reproached he says “How should it be unclean when God has killed it instead of men?” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 270 No. 273.

J2215.4. J2215.4. Fool waits for God to provide. Nearly starves. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2215.4.1. J2215.4.1. God blamed for scarcity of food. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2215.5. J2215.5. God blamed for heavy rain. Since he is an old man he should have known that more rain was unwelcome. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2215.6. J2215.6. God blamed for letting pumpkin vines produce larger fruit than nut trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2216. J2216. Poor man thinks idol in temple is poorer than he since it is naked. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2217. J2217. Many times the superlative.

J2217.1. J2217.1. Man says: “That’s the best horse in all England, but I have one in my stable worth ten of him. (Cf. J1743.1.) England: Baughman.

J2217.2. J2217.2. Man is describing lakes. ”One is bottomless; the other is deeper than that.“ England: Baughman.

J2220. J2220. Other logical absurdities.

J2221. J2221. How does he know? A rustic refuses to believe reports about hell from a priest who has not been there. Herbert III 82.

J2222. J2222. The inconvenience of having a father: The numskull to his father: ”If you had never been born I would get my grandfather‘s estate.“ Clouston Noodles 4.

J2223. J2223. The thief as discoverer. The fool lies still as the thief enters the house, hoping that the thief may find something so that he can take it back from the thief. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 231 No. 83, Mцnchslatein 170 No. 134.

J2223.1. J2223.1. Robbed man blames thief for not warning him so that he could have witnesses to the theft. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2224. J2224. Taking the seed out at night. Numskull plants seed in daytime and takes it out at night. ”Man must guard his treasures“ (or ”Growing in the daytime is enough“). Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 245 No. 139.

J2225. J2225. Three reasons for not giving alms. (1) Student has only one eye: Aristotle says to beware of those whom nature has marked. (2) Student comes from Bremen: no one of consequence comes from there. (3) His name is Nicholas: no one with that name can succeed. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 611; cf. Type 1661.

J2226. J2226. Learn to swim before going into the water. Type 1293; Russian: Andrejev No. 1292*.

J2227. J2227. Let them eat cake. The queen has been told that the peasants have no bread. Type 1446*; Bolte Montanus 601 No. 48.

J2227.1. J2227.1. King ignorant of famine says the people can live on pulse (sugar) and rice. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2228. J2228. Loss of eating contest because of weak legs. The sheep thinks that that is the reason for loss of the contest. Type 203*; Russian: Andrejev No. 203.

J2231. J2231. Why can‘t we have holidays the year round? *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 222 No. 56.

J2232. J2232. Imitation and the real pig. Imitator of the pig’s cries applauded. Fool brings real pig but fails. Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 510), 119 (ST 291); Jacobs Aesop 220 No. 80.

J2233. J2233. Logically absurd defenses. Thief brought to judgment for breaking into house blames mason for building poor house. Mason blames maker of mortar, who blames potter, who blames pretty woman who diverted his attention. She blames goldsmith who caused her to go for her earrings. Goldsmith has no one to blame but he is too old to make a good execution. Hence a shopkeeper across the way is convicted. Clouston Noodles 87; *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 23; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2233.1. J2233.1. Innocent man executed because his neck fits the noose (or the like). India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2233.1.1. J2233.1.1. Men hang old bedridden weaver instead of young, valuable member of colony after the young man has accidentally killed an Indian. The Indian tribe demands punishment. U.S.: Baughman.

J2234. J2234. ”Is that you or your brother?“ Clouston Noodles 12; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 71; Christensen DF XLVII 224 No. 87; England, Scotland: Baughman.

J2235. J2235. Would have shot himself. Fool shoots full of holes a garment left out at night to dry. ”It is a good thing I did not have it on or I would have shot myself.“ Clouston Noodles 90; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 230 No. 79.

J2236. J2236. Only fault with the house. The latrine is too small for the dining room table to go in. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 282 No. 334.

J2237. J2237. The bathroom in the minaret. The fool can sing in the small bathroom but cannot be heard from the minaret. He wants a bathroom built on the minaret so that his voice will carry. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 206 No. 4.

J2238. J2238. Book gives wisdom. A man believes himself wise because he has a book which he uses but does not understand. Chauvin II 82 No. 3; B[ц]dker Exempler 273 No. 3; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2241. J2241. The doctor no longer needed. As the fool starts for the doctor the wife changes her mind. He continues to the doctor so as to tell him about it and to say that now he need not come. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 233 No. 456.

J2241.1. J2241.1. Useless trip to find a name the wife already knew. Fool goes to astrologer for child‘s name, but forgets it on way home. Later wife happens to use the word and reminds him. But he cannot see the use of the trip when she already knew this word. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2241.2. J2241.2. Servant sent to doctor finds trip futile. Doctor may not be in and, if he is there, he may not give the medicine. He may give the medicine but it may not have any effect; or, if it does have any, he has to die someday anyway and the medicine will not prevent him from dying. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2242. J2242. Carrying his own message. A man who is away from home writes a letter to his wife but can find no messenger. He delivers the letter himself and then goes on back to where he has been. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 233 No. 456.

J2242.1. J2242.1. Scribe cannot write a letter because he has bad leg. Must carry letter in person since no one else can read it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2242.2. J2242.2. Fool writes letter very slowly: recipient cannot read fast. U.S.: *Baughman.

J2243. J2243. Fool sleeps so as to avoid idleness. Clouston Noodles 78.

J2244. J2244. Climb down as you climb up. A peasant falls out of a tree. A neighbor advises him not to climb trees. Another suggests that he always climb down a tree with the same skill and rapidity that he climbed up. Bolte Frey 222 No. 18; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2245. J2245. Every fruit tasted. Fool tastes every piece of fruit before giving it to his master. Penzer V 94; Chauvin VII 115.

J2254. J2254. Fools reprove each other for speaking at prayers. They speak while doing so. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2255. J2255. Preliminary drawing of swords. Travelers say they will not have time to do so when attacked. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2258. J2258. Boy cannot read a book written with smaller letters than those he was reading at school. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2260-J2299.

J2260-J2299. Absurd scientific theories.

J2260. J2260. Absurd scientific theories--general.

J2270. J2270. Absurd astronomical theories.

J2271. J2271. Absurd theories concerning the moon.

J2271.1. J2271.1. The local moon. Numskull greets old moon as if it were new. ”I haven’t seen it before, for I have just come to the city.“ (Each town thought to have a different moon.) *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 218 No. 52; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2271.2. J2271.2. What becomes of the old moon?

J2271.2.1. J2271.2.1. Lightning made from the old moon. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 236 No. 109.

J2271.2.2. J2271.2.2. Stars made from the old moon. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 208 No. 10.

J2271.3. J2271.3. Numskulls try to throw the moon over a cliff. England: *Baughman.

J2271.4. J2271.4. Numskulls attempt to capture moon and bring it home in a sledge. They get to the top of the hill a few minutes too late to reach it. England, Scotland: *Baughman.

J2272. J2272. Absurd theories concerning the sun.

J2272.1. J2272.1. Chanticleer believes that his crowing makes the sun rise. Disappointed when it rises without his aid. *Vossische Zeitung 17. Sept. 1910; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Hopi): Voth FM VIII 176 No. 55.

J2272.2. J2272.2. Is today‘s sun the same as yesterday’s? India: Thompson-Balys.

J2272.3. J2272.3. Fools believe sun sleeps at certain woman‘s house. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2273. J2273. Absurd theories concerning the sky.

J2273.1. J2273.1. Bird thinks that the sky will fall if he does not support it. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 606; *Chauvin II 112 n. 2; Liebrecht *Zur Volkskunde 102; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2274. J2274. Absurd theories about the earth.

J2274.1. J2274.1. Why everyone doesn‘t live in the same place. The earth would become unbalanced. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 245 No. 140.

J2274.2. J2274.2. Same air at home as abroad. Because the stars are the same. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 206 Nos. 3, 242.

J2274.3. J2274.3. Same climate at home and abroad. Because his members look the same in the two places. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 206 Nos. 3, 242.

J2275. J2275. Absurd theories about the stars.

J2275.1. J2275.1. Falling star supposed to have been shot down by astronomer. Christensen DF XLVII No. 55.

J2276. J2276. Absurd theories concerning time.

J2276.1. J2276.1. Dinner time comes soon in mountains because of rare atmosphere. U.S.: Baughman.

J2277. J2277. Absurd theories about clouds.

J2277.1. J2277.1. Clouds supposed to come from smoke. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2280. J2280. Other absurd scientific theories. Irish myth: *Cross.

J2281. J2281. How the fishes got there. Guests of host who waters his wine put little fishes into the wine jug. ”Now I confess that I put water into the wine; otherwise the fishes could not be there.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 109 No. 32.

J2282. J2282. A drunkard cannot drown. A drunken man falls overboard but the skipper refuses to pick him up. ”A man who is soaked in wine cannot drown. No part of his body will absorb water.“ Wesselski Bebel II 143 No. 134.

J2283. J2283. The four-footed bishop. A fool finding a nun in bed with a bishop and not seeing her face concludes that the bishop must have four feet and so announces it. Bolte Frey 247 No. 86; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 2; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2284. J2284. What killed the wolf. Peasants find a dead wolf and debate what killed it. A learned man shows that it froze internally from eating cold flesh. Bolte Frey 236 No. 59.

J2285. J2285. Foolish interpretation of omens. Jewish: Neuman.

J2285.1. J2285.1. Fool believing in omens refuses to prepare for death. Bird has chirped five times, which he thinks guarantees him five more years to live. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 289.

J2287. J2287. Belief that island may be towed by ships to new location. Irish myth: Cross.

J2300--J2349.

J2300--J2349. Gullible fools.

J2300. J2300. Gullible fools.

J2301. J2301. Gullible husbands. (Cf. J2311.0.1., J2311.2, J2311.7, J2312, J2313, J2314, J2315, J2316, J2324, J2331.) *Types 1313, 1406; *Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 124; Bйdier Fabliaux 265ff., 475; *Crane Vitry 227 No. 231; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 225 No. 66; *BP III 337; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 866; B[ц]dker Exempler 280, 296 Nos. 24, 59; Christensen DF XLVII 59; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2301.1. J2301.1. Husband takes back faithless wife on her oath to be faithful. Heptameron No. 61.

J2301.2. J2301.2. His wife has become a widow. Numskull buys cloth used only by widows and is therefore convinced. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2301.3. J2301.3. Gullible husband removes from wife’s garment dust gathered while she lies with another man. Irish myth: Cross.

J2302. J2302. Gullible wives.

J2303. J2303. Gullible mother.

J2310. J2310. Nature of gullibility.

J2311. J2311. Person made to believe that he is dead. *Penzer IX 156; Christensen DF XLVII 228 No. 94.

J2311.0.1. J2311.0.1. Wife makes her husband believe that he is dead. (Cf. J2301.) *Type 1406; Bйdier Fabliaux 475; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 866; *Clouston Noodles 166; Christensen DF L 59; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2311.1. J2311.1. Numskull is told that he is to die when his horse breaks wind three times. When this happens he lies down for dead. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 216f. No. 49; *Fb ”жsel“; Kцhler-Bolte I 135, 486, 505.

J2311.1.1. J2311.1.1. Man believes he is to die when he breaks wind. Lies down for dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.1.2. J2311.1.2. Numskull is told that he will die when his mouth bleeds. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.1.3. J2311.1.3. Man believes, he will die when water falls on his head. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.1.3.1. J2311.1.3.1. Numskull believes he is dead when pumpkin falls on his head. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.1.4. J2311.1.4. Man believes he will die when he gets a scarlet thread on his coat. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2311.1.5. J2311.1.5. Fool, told yellowing soles of his feet sure sign he is going to die, digs his grave and lies in it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.2. J2311.2. The ”poisoned“ pot. The wife tells the husband that a certain pot of preserves is poison. He decides to kill himself and eats the preserves. He believes that he is poisoned and lies down for dead. *Type 1313; *BP III 337; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 237 No. 522; *Wesselski Morlini 49; *Bolte Frey 214; *Clouston Noodles 122; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 4.

J2311.3. J2311.3. Sham revenant. A man takes refuge from robbers in an open grave. Robbers see him and ask what he is doing. ”It is my grave. I went out to get a breath of air.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 206 No. 6.

J2311.4. J2311.4. The dead man speaks up. A numskull who has lain down thinking he is dead is carried off in a bier. The carriers lose their way. He speaks up, ”I always went that way when I was alive.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 216f. No. 49; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 860.

J2311.5. J2311.5. The dead man in spite of himself. Neighbors who have heard of the numskull’s death insist on the funeral although he is alive and well. He is persuaded and is carried on a bier. They meet a busy man whom they try to persuade to join them. He pleads business. The ”dead“ man speaks: ”It‘s no use, friend, to try to dissuade them.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 239 No. 121; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2311.5.1. J2311.5.1. Supposed dead man on bier threatens his bearers. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.6. J2311.6. Sham-dead man punished. A numskull lies in an old grave to see the Day of Judgment. He hears bells and thinks that the Last Day has come. He is beaten by mule-drivers when he tells them that he is a dead man. He returns home and tells his wife that he returns from the dead. ”How goes it in heaven?“ ”For one thing, avoid mule-drivers.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 216 No. 46.

J2311.7. J2311.7. Cold hands and feet for the dead man. His wife has told him that one tells a dead person by his cold hands and feet. He freezes his feet and hands and lies down for dead. Wolves eat his ass. ”Lucky for you that his master is dead!“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 225 No. 66; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2311.8. J2311.8. Parents made to believe that they are dead and are married to each other again. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 270, Coster-Wijsman 73 No. 11.

J2311.9. J2311.9. Foolish peasants carry couple to burial; when ”corpses“ speak they flee in terror. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.10. J2311.10. Drunken man insists that he be beheaded. Is struck with the flat of his sword. He thinks he is dead. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 6; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2311.11. J2311.11. Idiot tells his mother he has been dead twelve years. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2311.12. J2311.12. Supposed dead man roused with whip. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2312. J2312. Naked person made to believe that he is clothed. *Types 1406, 1620; *Clouston Noodles 163; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 866; H. C. Andersen ”Kejserens ny Klжder“; Christensen DF L 64; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2314. J2314. Layman made to believe that he is a monk. *Type 1406; *Bйdier Fabliaux 265, 468; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 866; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2315. J2315. Wife persuades husband that she has returned immediately. She goes to a neighbor’s to cook a fish. She is gone a week. She gets a new fish and cooks it and returns home with the hot fish. She convinces her husband of her short absence. Type 1406; Bйdier Fabliaux 265, 458.

J2315.1. J2315.1. Wife leaves home, offers self to lover. Returning persuades husband that she has not been away. Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2315.2. J2315.2. Gullible husband made to believe he has cut off his wife‘s nose. She, in another house, has had her nose cut off by mistake. She makes him believe he has done it by making him angry enough to throw a razor at her. When he throws the razor she claims it has cut off her nose. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2316. J2316. Husband made to believe that his house has moved during his absence. The wife and her confederates transform the house into an inn with tables, signs, drinkers, etc. The husband cannot find his house. *Type 1406; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 274 No. 298; Bйdier Fabliaux 266; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2316.1. J2316.1. Man cannot recognize his own house which has been turned into a mansion by emperor. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2317. J2317. Well man made to believe that he is sick. *Chauvin VI 138 No. 291; Clouston Noodles 161; Clouston Tales II 30ff.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 869.

J2317.1. J2317.1. Man thinks that he has diabetes. Rascals have sewed his trouser leg till it is too tight. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 680.

J2318. J2318. Numskull convinced that he is a thief. An article is stolen. Declared that whoever does not eat all his cheese is the thief. A stone is put in the numskull’s cheese so that he cannot eat it all. He admits the theft. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 679.

J2321. J2321. Man made to believe that he is pregnant (has borne child). Chauvin V 185 No. 107; Penzer V 69; von der Hagen Gesammtabenteuer II *ix, 49 No. 24; Boccaccio Decameron IX No. 3 (Lee 277); Christensen DF XLVII, DF L 78; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; U.S.: Baughman.

J2321.1. J2321.1. Parson made to believe that he will bear a calf. In having his urine examined by a doctor, a cow‘s is substituted by mistake. (Or he dreams that he has borne a calf.) When a calf comes into the house he thinks that he has borne it. (Cf. J1734.1, K1955.2.) *Type 1739; *BP I 317 n. 1; *Fb ”kalv“; *Wesselski Bebel I 232 No. 148.

J2321.2. J2321.2. Man thinks he has given birth to a child by letting wind. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 3; Christensen DF XLVII 228 No. 93.

J2321.3. J2321.3. Husband makes wife and mother-in-law believe he will bear a sheep. His wife was pregnant when he married her. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J2322. J2322. Drunken man made to believe that he has been to heaven and hell. He is dressed up as a rich lord and given rich food and drink. When put back into his own clothes he thinks that he has been to heaven. *Type 1531; Kцhler-Bolte I 68; Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I (1929) 80 f.; Shakespeare Induction to Taming of the Shrew; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2323. J2323. Numskull believes that he is married to a man. Two men’s hands joined in fun with words ”I marry you.“ Fool thinks that he must get a bishop to annul the marriage. Wesselski Bebel II 142 No. 130.

J2324. J2324. Wife persuades her husband to have a good tooth pulled. Type 1406; Bйdier Fabliaux 266ff.; Herbert III 20; *Crane Vitry 238 No. 248; Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 9 (Lee 231); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2325. J2325. Husband made to believe that yarn has changed to tow through his carelessness. Thus his lazy wife is relieved from spinning. Type 1405; BP III 44.

J2325.1. J2325.1. Fool believes gold in bag turns to ashes because of child‘s urinating on it. Actually bag contained only ashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2326. J2326. The student from paradise. A student tells a woman that he comes from Paris. She understands him to say from paradise and gives him money and goods to take to her husband. *Type 1540; **Aarne FFC XXII 3--109; *Clouston Noodles 204--217 passim; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 463; *Wesselski Bebel I 189 No. 50; Christensen DF L 35; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 73 No. IV.

J2326.1. J2326.1. Foolish woman gives swindler money for her parents in heaven. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2326.2. J2326.2. Dream explained as a dead father’s demand for horses. Dupe gives them to trickster. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2326.3. J2326.3. Emperor wants to travel to paradise. Blindfolded and put on an ass. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2326.4. J2326.4. Alleged messenger from relatives in distress given goods to deliver. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2327. J2327. Man who asks for good weather given a box full of hornets. He thinks that it is filled with the weather. Kцhler-Bolte I 324.

J2328. J2328. The moving church tower. To see whether the church is moving someone lays down his coat in front of it. It is stolen. They think that the church has passed over it. Type 1326; Kцhler-Bolte I 324; Christensen DF L 218 No. 79.

J2331. J2331. Numskull with unimportant office boasts of it.

J2331.1. J2331.1. Proud sheriff has only nine farmers in his jurisdiction. *Wesselski Bebel I 139 No. 46.

J2331.2. J2331.2. Fool appointed to fictitious office boasts of it. ”Administrador de la yesca.“ Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 138 No. 1689A*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2332. J2332. Fool locked in dark room made to believe that it is continuous night. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 137 No. 1684; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2333. J2333. The sledges turned in the direction of the journey. At night turned around by a joker. Type 1275.

J2334. J2334. Master persuaded to buy big fish since small ones creep out of all parts of his body. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 699.

J2335. J2335. The stag with iron shoes. Hunters shoot a stag and hide it. Another who sees puts a dead ass in the bag instead. When the bag is opened, one cries, ”Oh Jesus, we have shot a stag with iron shoes!“ Kцhler-Bolte I 325.

J2336. J2336. Jewess makes parents believe that she is to give birth to the Messiah. She bears a girl. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 65 No. 53; *Wesselski Bebel I 213 No. 104; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1864; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2337. J2337. Dupe persuaded that he is invisible. Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 3 (Lee 254); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2338. J2338. Adulteress makes husband believe that the birth of her mulatto child has been due to suggestion. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2341. J2341. Near-sighted man persuaded by doctor that he can see. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 28.

J2342. J2342. Husband refuses to believe in wife‘s infidelity.

J2342.1. J2342.1. Husband refuses to believe that his wife is unfaithful, even when she is caught in the act. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2342.2. J2342.2. Husband away three years accepts children born in his absence as his own. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2342.2.1. J2342.2.1. Woman gives birth to child fourteen months after husband’s departure. The latter is made to believe it is legitimate. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2342.2.2. J2342.2.2. Cuckolded ”as per instructions.“ Woman tells husband that she has become pregnant during his absence according to his own instructions. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2342.3. J2342.3. She knows best: woman denies accusation of adultery. Husband dismisses the truthful accusers saying that she knows her shortcomings better than anyone else, and she denies it. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2342.4. J2342.4. Husband praises wife‘s fidelity. Rascal tests it and finds it lacking. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2342.5. J2342.5. Only husband remains ignorant about his wife’s infidelity. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2345. J2345. Fool kissed in sleep. Dreams he is being kissed by fairy. Is really a pig. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2346. J2346. Fool‘s errand. An apprentice, or newcomer or ignorant person, etc., is sent for absurd or misleading or nonexistent object or on a ridiculous quest. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

J2347. J2347. Occupational tricks on new employees. U.S.: *Baughman.

J2348. J2348. Dupe is persuaded that money will grow if he buries it. England: *Baughman.

J2349. J2349. Nature of gullibility--miscellaneous.

J2349.1. J2349.1. Dupe is made to believe horse will fly. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2349.2. J2349.2. Wife makes husband believe that her paramour is Death. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2349.3. J2349.3. Credulous king reads about ocean of milk and its properties. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2349.4. J2349.4. The woman who asked for news from home. Gets many impossible answers, which she believes. E.g., ”The cock has become sexton.“--”Yes, that is why he sang so well in the morning.“ (First edition X941.) *Type 1931.

J2350--J2369.

J2350--J2369. Talkative fools.

J2351. J2351. Animal betrays himself to his enemies by talking.

J2351.1. J2351.1. Fox holds conversation with his members, attracts attention, and is caught. He scolds in turn his feet, eyes, ears, and tail. In his excitement he sticks out his tail from his hiding place. *Type 154; **Krohn Mann und Fuchs 11; *BP I 518 n. 1; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 33 No. *135C.

J2351.2. J2351.2. Hidden wolf gives himself away by talking. Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (I) *7, 13.

J2351.3. J2351.3. Dupe loses booty through singing. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 59.

J2351.4. J2351.4. Wolf (bear) boasts of having eaten horses. When the horse strikes sparks with his hoofs the lion is frightened and picks up the boastful wolf to show him the horse. He squeezes the wolf to death. Type 118; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 28.

J2352. J2352. Talkative man betrays his companion. When his faults are pointed out he maintains that he is better than his companion, who is immediately investigated.

J2352.1. J2352.1. His brother cannot pray either. One brother receives the sacrament; the other is refused it because he cannot pray. He replies that his brother cannot pray either and thus deprives him also of the sacrament. Wesselski Bebel II 107 No. 22.

J2353. J2353. The wife multiplies the secret. To prove that a woman cannot keep a secret the man tells his wife that a crow has flown out of his belly (or that he has laid an egg). She tells her neighbor that two crows have flown. Soon he hears from his neighbors that there were fifty crows. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 395; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 244 No. 542; Chauvin VIII 168, 197; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 68--69; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Gaster Exempla 196 No. 56; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2353.1. J2353.1. Foolish boasts get man into trouble. Man boasts to boss that his brother can do twice the work he does. The boss hires him. The two brothers tell him their father can do as much work in a day as the boys can do in a week. The boss fires them, tells them to send their father to work for him. (Cf. H915, H916, N455.4.) U.S.: *Baughman.

J2355. J2355. Numskull talks about his secret instructions and thus allows himself to be cheated. Told not to serve a man with a red beard or to keep sausage for the long winter, etc. *Type 1541; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400*B.

J2355.1. J2355.1. Fool loses magic objects by talking about them. *Type 563; **Aarne JSFO XXVII 1-96; BP I 349ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 1.

J2355.2. J2355.2. Boy talks about his secret instructions and brings his father‘s theft to light. He is to avoid his companions lest they smell what he has been eating. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2356. J2356. Fool‘s talking causes himself and companions to be robbed. Thieves stumble over him as he lies on the ground. ”What is this, a log?“ The fool: ”Does a log have five annas in its pocket?“ When they have robbed him he says, ”Ask the merchant in the tree if my money is good.“ They rob the merchant. Clouston Noodles 100.

J2357. J2357. Tortoise speaks and loses his hold on the stick. He is being carried through the air by a bird. *Penzer V 55 n. 3; *Chauvin II 90 No. 31; B[ц]dker Exempler 285 No. 33; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Japanese: Ikeda.

J2358. J2358. Young heir too frank in celebrating his father’s death. He says to the mourners, ”When your fathers die, I too will come and lament their departure.“ They brand him as a fool. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 33.

J2362. J2362. Talkative animals incense master. He gives them twice-threshed straw to eat as punishment. Type 206.

J2363. J2363. Numskull amuses with his discursive nonsense. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2364. J2364. Incognito mistress breaks off relations when she overhears the lover discussing the adventure. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2365. J2365. Fool discloses woman‘s adultery; lover kills him. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2366. J2366. Warrior reveals camping place. Wishes his enemies to know that he is not afraid. Enemies go there before him. Irish myth: Cross.

J2367. J2367. Fool points out hiding place to evil spirits. Banks Islands: Beckwith Myth 442.

J2370-J2399.

J2370-J2399. Inquisitive fools.

J2370. J2370. Inquisitive fool.

J2370.1. J2370.1. Children ask parents too difficult questions. Get no answers. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2371. J2371. Absurd scientific speculations.

J2371.1. J2371.1. Scientific query: why does not the sea get larger when it rains in it and nothing flows out? Wesselski Arlotto I 213f. No. 54.

J2371.2. J2371.2. Scientific query: why does the sea stink when it is full of salt? Wesselski Arlotto I 213f. No. 54.

J2371.3. J2371.3. Scientific query: why don‘t rats stick their eyes out in the straw? Wesselski Arlotto I 213f. No. 54.

J2371.4. J2371.4. Scientific query: why don’t the poor, being in the majority, kill off the rich? Wesselski Arlotto I 213f. No. 54.

J2372. J2372. The judge wants to know how the theft was committed. The witness tells. The judge: ”You are wonderful; I have tried it thirty times and succeeded only once.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 266 No. 248.

J2373. J2373. The tailless and earless ass. Just lain down to sleep, a man is awakened by a neighbor announcing that his she-ass has borne a young one without ears or tail. The man lies awake all night wondering how the ass will keep the harness on. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 259 No. 207.

J2374. J2374. How the first man killed himself. The second fool imitates the first who leaps from a palm tree by means of a looped rope. The first kills himself. The second wants to see just how it happened and kills himself too. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 156 No. 2.

J2400. Foolish imitation.

J2375. J2375. Curiosity satisfied: riding the ox‘s horns. As his ox, who has enormous horns, is asleep, the fool gets on the horns. The ox wakes and throws him off. When he comes to his senses, the fool says, ”I had a hard time, but my curiosity is satisfied.“ Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 231 No. 82; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2376. J2376. Testing the evidence by experiment: biting the ear off. The accused pleads that the plaintiff bit his own ear off. The judge takes time for consideration, tries to bite his own ear, but falls down and breaks his head. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 230 No. 76; *Clouston Noodles 86; U.S.: Baughman.

J2377. J2377. The philosophical watchman. A master sets his servant to keep watch over his horse at night. He soon asks the servant if he is asleep. ”No, I was thinking of who created so many stars in the sky.“ The second time the servant answers, ”No, I was thinking of who dug the sea. Where did he put the soil?“ The third time: ”I was wondering who would carry the saddle now that the horse is stolen.“ *Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XXX-XXXII 51; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 23.

J2378. J2378. What will the robber do? A man curious as to what a robber is going to do waits to intervene and goes back to sleep. Chauvin II 82 No. 4; B[ц]dker Exempler 273 No. 4; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2381. J2381. Question: did the man ever have a head? A man‘s head is snatched off by accident and his companions do not see what has happened. Debate: did he ever have a head? *Type 1225; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 192 No. 374; *Bolte Frey 220 No. 12; Christensen DF XLVII 192--93 No. 19; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2382. J2382. How did the cow get on the pole? A fool hides his purse on a pole on a cliff. A rascal substitutes cow-dung for the money. The fool is interested only in how the cow could have reached the purse. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 236 No. 110; Kцhler-Bolte I 497; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII 69 No. 8.

J2383. J2383. Pity for the poor Jews. On Good Friday an old woman who has heard the Passion Story exclaims, ”How hard it was for the Jews who had to watch all night with Christ!“ Wesselski Bebel I 228 No. 138.

J2387. J2387. How blind men get about. Fool experiments with shut eyes and gets lost. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2391. J2391. Experiment in gravity. Which has greatest attraction to earth, cup or contents? Father shows great attraction of fool’s back and a stick. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2400-J2449.

J2400-J2449. Foolish imitation.

J2400. J2400. Foolish imitation.

J2401. J2401. Fatal imitation. (Cf. J2411.1, J2411.2, J2413.4.2, J2422.) *Types 1060-1114 passim; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 120 No. 1075; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 353 n. 271b.

J2410. J2410. Types of foolish imitation.

J2411. J2411. Foolish imitation of miracle (magic).

J2411.1. J2411.1. Imitation of magic rejuvenation unsuccessful. (Cf. J2401.) *Types 531, 753; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 633f.; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos 168--171; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 121 n. 4; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2411.1.1. J2411.1.1. Foolish imitation of sham death and return (= resuscitation). India: Thompson-Balys.

J2411.1.2. J2411.1.2. Unsuccessful imitation of a god: lions fall out of the furnace instead of men covered with gold and silver. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2411.2. J2411.2. Imitation of miraculous horse-shoeing unsuccessful. Christ takes off a horse’s foot to shoe it and then successfully replaces it. (Cf. J2401.) Type 753; Dh II 168ff.; Lowes Romanic Review V 368ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2411.3. J2411.3. Unsuccessful imitation of magic production of food. (Cf. J2425.) Type 552B; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 80; West Indies: Flowers 489.

J2411.4. J2411.4. Imitation of magician unsuccessful. Person does self injury. Irish myth: Cross.

J2411.5. J2411.5. Alleged return from land of dead with bags of gold persuades dupe to try to imitate. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2411.6. J2411.6. Imitation of jumping into fire without injury: dupe burned up. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2411.6.1. J2411.6.1. Sister of goddess tries to imitate her feat of being cooked without harm and dies in the attempt. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 96.

J2411.7. J2411.7. Imitation of magic production of garden and lake unsuccessful. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J2411.8. J2411.8. Unsuccessful imitation of magic sewing. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

J2411.9. J2411.9. Obedient woman’s pestle remains magically suspended in air. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2412. J2412. Foolish imitation of healing.

J2412.1. J2412.1. Hot onion to the eye. A friend has cured his foot with this remedy. Herbert III 63; Hervieux IV 278 No. 34; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 36; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2412.2. J2412.2. Pulling out the eye so that the pain will cease. He has had a tooth pulled and the pain ceased. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 244 No. 136.

J2412.3. J2412.3. Imitation of the prescription. A peasant envying a doctor‘s fee for giving him a plaster and predicting a son, poses as a doctor. He predicts a son for a eunuch and gives a plaster for heart disease. Chauvin II 196 No. 23.

J2412.4. J2412.4. Imitation of diagnosis by observation: ass’s flesh. A doctor tells his patient that he has eaten too much chicken, and this the patient confesses. The doctor‘s son wants to know how the diagnosis was made. The doctor says that as he rode up he observed chicken feathers and made his conclusions. The son imitates. He sees an ass’s saddle. Diagnosis: you have eaten too much ass‘s flesh. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 250 No. 167; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 792; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2412.4.1. J2412.4.1. Imitation of diagnosis by observation: stick under table. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2412.5. J2412.5. Healing with the cherry tree. A man whose wife refuses to talk remembers that a priest drank black cherry juice whenever he lost his voice. He cannot get the cordial but concluding that a limb of the cherry tree will have the same effect beats his wife with is. She is cured. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 715.

J2412.6. J2412.6. Sick woman hung in well to cool off: drowned. Fool has cooled objects thus. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2412.7. J2412.7. Foolish physician cauterizes ”sick“ cartwheel to stop it from creaking; burns it up instead. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2412.8. J2412.8. Fool claims to cure goitre by striking. Has seen melon thus dislodged from camel’s throat. (Cf. F952.3.1, F953.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J2413. J2413. Foolish imitation by an animal. Tries to go beyond his powers.

J2413.1. J2413.1. Ass tries to caress his master like the dog. He is driven off. *Crane Vitry 139 No. 15; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 79; Jacobs Aesop 202 No. 10; Wienert FFC LVI 46 (ET 45), *90 (ST 19); Halm Aesop No. 331; Spanish Exempla: Keller; West Indies: Flowers 489f.

J2413.1.1. J2413.1.1. Ass imitating dog brays so as to wake master when thieves are robbing him. Beaten for his pains. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2413.2. J2413.2. Ass tries to jump on the roof like the ape. Wienert FFC LVI 46 (ET 44), *90 (ST 18); Halm Aesop No. 338.

J2413.3. J2413.3. Daw tries to carry off lamb like eagle. Is caught in the lamb‘s fleece. Wienert FFC LVI 66 (ET 297), 93 (ST 65); Halm Aesop No. 8.

J2413.4. J2413.4. Animal dupe cuts off limb. Thinks he is imitating another animal.

J2413.4.1. J2413.4.1. Fowl makes another animal believe that he has had his leg cut off. Says that he has received large pay. He has his leg hidden under his wing. The elephant (hippopotamus) cuts his off and bleeds to death. (Cf. J2401.) Africa (Fang): Nassau 235 No. 4, (Congo): Weeks 205.

J2413.4.2. J2413.4.2. Fowl makes another animal believe that he has had his neck cut off. He has his neck hidden under his wing. The hare cuts his off and dies. (Cf. J2401.) Africa (Thonga): Junod 216; American Negro: Parsons JAFL XXX 190, 226, MAFLS XVI 34, Work JAFL XXXII 401.

J2413.4.3. J2413.4.3. Monkey cuts his throat, thinking that he is imitating the cobbler. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 19.

J2413.5. J2413.5. The dog imitates a wolf. Wants to kill a horse. He asks the cat: ”Is my back bristled, etc.“ The horse kills him with a kick. (Cf. K1121.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *106; Russian: Andrejev No. *119.

J2413.6. J2413.6. Monkey sneezes in king’s presence like rabbit. Killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2413.7. J2413.7. Crane tries to catch fish like hawk. Is mired at water‘s edge. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2413.8. J2413.8. Jackal tries to roar like lion at elephant. Is killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2413.9. J2413.9. Raven tries to imitate dove’s step but breaks his bones. Jewish: Neuman.

J2415. J2415. Foolish imitation of lucky man. Because one man has had good luck a numskull imitates and thinks he will have equal luck. He is disappointed. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3252, 3255, 3594, 3691; Arab: Azov JPASB II 412; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; West Indies: Flowers 490.

J2415.1. J2415.1. The two presents to the king: the beet and the horse. A farmer takes an extraordinary beet as present to the king and receives a large reward. His companion is eager for a reward and leads a handsome steed to the palace. The king rewards him with the beet. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 798; BP III 188ff., *191; *Gaster Exempla 190 No. 25; Kцhler-Bolte I 136; England: Baughman; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 490.

J2415.1.1. J2415.1.1. The gift of the donkey. Ruler rewards the gift of a clever donkey. Greedy nobleman seeking a like reward sends ruler two donkeys in rich trappings. Ruler advises the donor that he is sorry that his gift will deprive him of worthy companionship. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2415.1.2. J2415.1.2. The two presents to the king: two poems. A famous poet presented to the king some poems and was richly rewarded. Another poet likewise gave the king some poetry. The king gave him the first poet’s verses. Spanish: Childers.

J2415.2. J2415.2. Picking the louse and the flea. One man rewarded with forty crowns for picking louse from king‘s robe. Imitator given forty lashes for picking flea. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 799.

J2415.3. J2415.3. Crab tries to imitate bird who lays egg in pot of boiling water. Falls in instead of being rewarded. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2415.4. J2415.4. Fairies help forgotten child, but strangle child trying to imitate good luck. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3691.

J2415.5. J2415.5. Ascetic imitates Brahmin’s practices. Brahmin goes to heaven, ascetic to hell. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2415.6. J2415.6. Pig sees goat return decked with ornaments and plenty of food; goes out and imitates trick played by goat but is beaten instead. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2415.7. J2415.7. A snake for the real daughter. Stepdaughter, married to a snake, appears decorated with jewels. Stepmother desires a snake be procured for her daughter. She is swallowed instead. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2416. J2416. Poor man foolishly imitates rich. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2432*; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2417. J2417. Foolish imitation of leader. Christensen DF XLVII 189 No. 14, 194 no. 19.

J2417.1. J2417.1. Company to sing like leader. When his foot is caught in a wheel, they keep repeating his call for help as a song. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1694*; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 285 No. 64, FFC CXXVIII 244f. No. 148.

J2417.2. J2417.2. To imitate the leader. He slips and all fall to floor. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2420. J2420. Foolish imitation--miscellaneous.

J2421. J2421. The fool spits in the hot porridge. He has seen the smith spit on the hot iron. Type 1262*.

J2422. J2422. The scythe cuts one man‘s head off. All have theirs cut off. *Type 1203.

J2423. J2423. The eye-juggler. A trickster sees a man throwing his eyes into the air and replacing them. He also receives this power but he must not use the power beyond a specified number of times. When he does so, he loses his eyes. He usually gets animal eyes as substitutes. N. A. Indian: *Thompson-Tales 299 n. 92.

J2424. J2424. The sharpened leg. A trickster sees a man with a sharpened leg. He also receives the power of sharpening his leg without harm if he will use it but four times. He breaks the tabu and is left with his leg sticking in a tree. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 299 n. 95; S. A. Indian (Warrau, Carrib, Shipaya): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55.

J2425. J2425. The bungling host. A trickster (animal) visits various animals who display their peculiar powers in obtaining food (often magic). He returns the invitation and tries to provide food in similar ways. He fails and usually has a narrow escape from death. (Cf. J2411.3.) N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 301 n. 103, Speck U Pa I 141 n. 2; Lepers Island: Dixon 128; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 27 n. 1; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 280 No. 97.

J2426. J2426. Numskull wants to be shaved too. He sees another man being shaved and thinks that the man is having his ears cut off. He orders his wife to cut off his ears. Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 205.

J2427. J2427. Numskull praises his daughter as being pregnant. He tries in vain to sell his cow and succeeds only when he says that she is with calf. When suitors come wooing his daughter, he tries the same plan disastrously. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 223 No. 57.

J2428. J2428. Numskull puts money into the exchange so as to participate in the business. He hears that great lords take a part in the business of the exchange where he sees great heaps of money. He throws down a penny and says, ”You may like it or not, but I want money in the exchange, too.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 566.

J2431. J2431. A man undertakes to do his wife’s work. All goes wrong. *Type 1408; *BP I 321; Bolte Frey 222 No. 20; Fb ”шl“ III 1175a; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 45.

J2431.1. J2431.1. Men exchange duties: each wants to get better of the other, but is cheated, finding the other‘s work more difficult. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2434. J2434. Man saved from well by rope. Disastrous attempt to save him from tree in same way. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2442. J2442. Protecting as the stork does. Man has had stork protect him from rain by covering him with his wing. Man tries to protect his wife from rain with his arm. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2450--J2499.

J2450--J2499. Literal fools.

J2450. J2450. Literal fool.

J2460. J2460. Literal obedience. Gaster Oldest Stories 167; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 282.

J2460.1. J2460.1. Disastrous following of misunderstood instructions. (To burn land, then sow seed. Opposite done.) Chinese: Graham.

J2461. J2461. What should I have done (said)? The mother teaches the boy (the man his wife) what he should say (do) in this or that circumstance. He uses the words in the most impossible cases and is always punished. *Type 1696; *BP I 315, III 145; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 78 No. 1696; **Haavio FFC LXXXVIII 94ff.; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 251f. No. 169; *Fb ”tosse“ III 831b; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 1691*, 1691A*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 1363A; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 286; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 54ff. Nos. 79--82; Africa: Werner African 217f.

J2461.1. J2461.1. Literal following of instructions about actions.

J2461.1.1. J2461.1.1. Literal numskull drags jar (bacon) on string. He has sent a pig home alone. Told that he should have led it by a string. *Type 1696; Fb ”potte“ II 867a; *BP I 315; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 141 No. 1703, Espinosa III 147.

J2461.1.2. J2461.1.2. Literal numskull is gay at a fire. He has wept at a wedding and been told to be gay. Clouston Noodles 130; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2461.1.2.1. J2461.1.2.1. Literal numskull sings entertaining songs on approach of death. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2461.1.3. J2461.1.3. Literal numskull throws water on roasting pig. Told that he should have thrown water in the fire when the house burnt. Clouston Noodles 130.

J2461.1.4. J2461.1.4. Literal numskull cuts peas into four parts. Told that he should have cut up the pancakes which he has eaten whole. Wesselski Bebel I 128 No. 27.

J2461.1.4.1. J2461.1.4.1. Literal fool is told to cook a few peas for five persons. Cooks five peas. Next time he is told to cook an abundance. Cooks half-bushel. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2461.1.4.2. J2461.1.4.2. Literal fool puts three empty measures in pot. Told to put in three measures of rice to boil. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2461.1.5. J2461.1.5. Literal fool strangles the hawk. On last trip he has lost the gloves and has been told that he should have put them in his bosom. He puts the hawk inside his shirt. *Type 1696; *BP I 315; *Wesselski Bebel I 128 No. 26; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 762.

J2461.1.6. J2461.1.6. Literal fool carries the harrow in his hand. He has killed a sparrow by his stupidity and has been told that he should have carried it in his hand. *Type 1696; *BP I 315; *Wesselski Bebel I 128 No. 26.

J2461.1.7. J2461.1.7. Numskull told to steal something heavy brings millstone. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2461.1.7.1. J2461.1.7.1. Numskull as thief: tries to carry off grinding-stone when told by confederates to bring out heavy things. Told to bring shiny things; brings out looking glass. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2461.1.8. J2461.1.8. Literal numskull destroys inherited property since his sister has instructions not to object to his actions. Africa (Hausa): Mischlich 164ff. No. 22 (=Frobenius Atlantis IX 277ff., 287ff., Nos. 74, 75).

J2461.2. J2461.2. Literal following of instructions about greetings. Numskull gives wrong greeting and is told how to give the correct one. When he tries it, however, the conditions are wrong. *Type 1696; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 251f. No. 169; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2461.2.1. J2461.2.1. Literal numskull kisses a pig. Told that he should have kissed the old woman. *Type 1696; *BP III 145.

J2461.2.2. J2461.2.2. Fool learns to repeat commonplace expressions: by chance thus scares off wife’s suitors. Chinese: Graham.

J2461.3. J2461.3. Literal numskull laughs at his child‘s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2461.4. J2461.4. Master tells servant (sarcastically) to take a year to do errand. Servant stays away a year and then returns to claim salary. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2461.5. J2461.5. Numskull told not to forget to get the handsel (a little token extra in the bargain); brings it but leaves what he has been sent to buy. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2461.6. J2461.6. Literal fool: fool told to follow his nose in a journey, runs head against tree, climbs it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2461.7. J2461.7. To sell some cloth for four rupees. Fool refuses to take six rupees for it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2461.8. J2461.8. Asking favor when master is in good humor. Fool waits till master is laughing at servant’s stupidity. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2461.9. J2461.9. Numskull told to attract girl‘s attention by throwing pebble at her flings large stone which breaks her head. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2462. J2462. Foolish bridegroom follows instructions literally. *Type 1685; *BP I 311; *Fb ”brud“ IV 64b; Gaster Oldest Stories 167; U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

J2462.1. J2462.1. The dog Parsley in the soup. The foolish bridegroom is told to put parsley in the soup. He throws in his dog, which is named Parsley. *Type 1685; *BP I 311; Kцhler-Bolte I 65; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1006A; Russian: Andrejev No. *1012 II.

J2462.2. J2462.2. Casting sheep’s eyes at the bride. The foolish bridegroom is told to cast sheep‘s eyes at the bride. He buys some at the butcher shop and throws them at her. *Type 1685; *BP I 311; *Fb ”шje“ III 1166a; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 762; Spanish: Espinosa III 147.

J2462.3. J2462.3. Foolish husband puts out wife‘s eyes at night because he heard that a beautiful wife is an enemy. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2463. J2463. The foolish bride.

J2463.1. J2463.1. Foolish bride gives away dowry. While her parents are away from home, a matchmaker and a suitor come to the foolish girl. By following her mother’s advice literally, she gives away her dower to the tricksters. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1463.

J2463.2. J2463.2. Marrying a stranger. The girl shortly to be married complains: ”It was all very well for you, mother, to marry father, but I am to marry a complete stranger.“ Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1468; Russian: Andrejev No. *2078A; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2464. J2464. The servant to improve on the master‘s statements. The wooer makes boasts to the girl and the servant always doubles the master’s boast. Finally the master says, ”I have poor eyesight.“ -- The servant, ”You don‘t see at all.“ (Or the master coughs and apologizes; the servant says that he coughs all night.) *Type 1688; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 221; Scala Celi 126b No. 688; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 88 No. 46; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 24.

J2465. J2465. Disastrous following of instructions.

J2465.1. J2465.1. Feeding the pigs wet meal. The wife throws the meal into the well and the pigs after it. Field Pent Cuckoo 16.

J2465.1.1. J2465.1.1. Watering the cow (by pouring water on it). India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.2. J2465.2. Piling up the pottery. The woman breaks the pots into fragments and piles them up. Type 1371*.

J2465.3. J2465.3. Feeding the child. Fool feeds it steaming food and kills it. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 212 No. 431.

J2465.3.1. J2465.3.1. Shoving the child. Numskulls, told to shove the boy along if he is lazy about weeding, do so with their weeding-knives and kill him. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.3.2. J2465.3.2. Feeding mother. Fool stuffs and kills her. Espinosa: JAFL XXVII 119.

J2465.4. J2465.4. Washing the child. Fool uses boiling water and kills it. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 212 No. 431.

J2465.4.1. J2465.4.1. Heating water for woman to wash in. Boiling water poured over her. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.5. J2465.5. Clearing out the room. Fool throws out all the furniture. *Type 1685; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2465.6. J2465.6. Washing the room. Fool floods it. Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 142.

J2465.7. J2465.7. Oh bother! put it on my head! Numskulls asking old woman where to put grain obey and smother her. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.8. J2465.8. Cutting at the plow. Literal fool told to cut at plow if it sticks on roots cuts at bullock’s legs. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2465.9. J2465.9. ”Sew shirts for servants.“ Fool sews them to trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.10. J2465.10. ”Collect goats under tree.“ Fool piles up their carcasses. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.11. J2465.11. Fool takes threat to child as an order. Cuts off child‘s ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.12. J2465.12. Plowing above the tree. Told to plow above a certain tree (on the hillside), numskulls haul oxen and plow into tree and destroy them. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2465.13. J2465.13. ”Plowing out potatoes.“ Fool plows them out of ground. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 698.

J2466. J2466. Literal following of the count.

J2466.1. J2466.1. A pebble for each sin. A man cannot remember the number of his sins. The priest has him put a pebble in a sack for each of his sins. He comes to confession with three large sacks of pebbles. Type 1848*.

J2466.2. J2466.2. The reckoning of the pot. A man counts the days of the fastmonth by throwing a pebble each day into a pot. His daughter throws a handful of pebbles in. Asked the day of the month, he says that it is the 125th. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 207 No. 9.

J2466.3. J2466.3. The long day. If the clock is still striking it must be 50 o’clock. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 207 No. 9; Scotland, U.S.: Baughman.

J2469. J2469. Instructions followed literally--miscellaneous.

J2469.1. J2469.1. A lentil in the soup. You said you wished a lentil soup; so I put one in. If you had wished more lentils you should have said so. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 605.

J2469.2. J2469.2. Taking the prescription. The fool eats the paper with the prescription on it. Clouston Noodles 119.

J2469.3. J2469.3. Dividing all they have. So advised, they cut their beds, houses, etc. in two. (Cf. M241.) Penzer V 114 n. 1.

J2469.3.1. J2469.3.1. Man gives up half property. Slave cut in two. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2469.4. J2469.4. Boy asked to do something to cool women‘s ears breaks vessels they carry so milk in them can cool their ears off. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2469.5. J2469.5. Literal fool--something you have never experienced.

J2469.5.1. J2469.5.1. Literal fool feeds dogflesh to visitor to follow father’s advice: ”Feed him on food you have never eaten in your life.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J2469.5.2. J2469.5.2. Literal obedience: soldier breaks woman‘s oil pot in two with sword when she asks him to show her something she never has seen in life. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2470. J2470. Metaphors literally interpreted. India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Wyandot): Barbeau GSCan XI 224 No. 68.

J2471. J2471. ”Taking a pattern (picture) of conduct“ from other people. Fool steals a picture from the church. Wesselski Bebel I 128 No. 27.

J2472. J2472. ”Skinning farmers“. A master tells his servant that he is going to skin some farmers (i.e., cheat them). When a farmer inquires for a tanner, the servant directs him to his master. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 720.

J2473. J2473. Peasant opens his mouth. He tells his wife about the good things he gets to eat at the rich man‘s house. The wife says, ”Open your mouth for me once so that I may get some too.“ The peasant gets up after the next large meal and opens his mouth to the astonishment of all present. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 519.

J2474. J2474. The hunter’s mass. A count instructs his chaplain to read a hunter‘s mass (i.e., a short one). The chaplain searches the prayerbook in vain for a hunter’s mass. *Wesselski Bebel I 175 No. 19.

J2475. J2475. ”Greasing the judge‘s palms.“ The woman puts butter on his hands. *Crane Vitry 149 No. 38; *Herbert III 68; Hervieux IV 301 No. 93; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 124; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 22; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

J2476. J2476. The literal host: bread and salt. Guest finds that his host spoke literally when he invited him to share his bread and salt. Later, when the host threatens an importunate beggar, the guest advises the beggar to flee since the host means what he says. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 240 No. 532.

J2477. J2477. Christ has too many debts. St. Peter is to give Christ to a woman as husband. She hears people say, when they are asked for money, ”When Christ pays me, I will pay you.“ The woman says that Christ has too many debts. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 657; Irish: Beal XXI 305.

J2478. J2478. The numskull buys water at market. He looks at bread. The merchant: ”It is as good as butter.“ He decides on butter. The merchant: ”It is as sweet as oil.“ He decides on oil. The merchant: ”It is as clear as water.“ He decides on water. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 241 No. 536.

J2481. J2481. The horse that went like a ship. Men have been assured that a horse will ”go like a ship“. When they spur the horse, it will not move. A man takes a pole and hits the horse. It goes. ”See, it goes like a ship. It is started by a pole, not by spurs.“ *Wesselski Arlotto I 188 No. 9.

J2482. J2482. The fool is told that his son has given up the ghost. He wonders. He didn’t know that the son had a ghost to give up. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 250 No. 166.

J2483. J2483. The house without food or drink. A fool and his son meet women mourning a dead man. ”He goes to the place where there is darkness and nothing to eat or drink.“ The son: ”They must be coming to our house.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 262 No. 229; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2484. J2484. Father tells son that he has been scratched by ”hairy rascals“ (monkeys). Son attacks hairy ascetics. Penzer V 140.

J2485. J2485. What is behind you. Woman tells husband she has cooked what is behind him. He sees the door there and tries to cook it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2488. J2488. Numskull wants to see an abstract quality.

J2488.1. J2488.1. Numskull dragon wants to see courage. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2488.2. J2488.2. Sultan tries to prove to Adversity he cannot be seized at specified time and hides in a sewer. He thus experiences adversity in his very effort to avoid it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489. J2489. Metaphors literally interpreted--miscellaneous.

J2489.1. J2489.1. Fool interprets metaphors (or slang expressions) about drink. U.S.: *Baughman.

J2489.2. J2489.2. ”Keep locks of everyone in your hand“ (keep control of them). Fool interprets literally. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.3. J2489.3. ”Bite the ear“ (speak secretly). Fool interprets literally. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.4. J2489.4. ”Cutting the paper of the accounts“ (falsifying accounts). Fool cuts up account books. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.5. J2489.5. ”Quieting the patient.“ Fool does so by killing. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.6. J2489.6. Giving half of savings away: ”Whoever gives charity gets double in return.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.7. J2489.7. ”Have a black look“ (i.e., frown). Fool blackens face with charcoal. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2489.8. J2489.8. ”Cover with straw.“ Fool covers his mistress with straw and suffocates her. Should have thatched roof. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2489.9. J2489.9. ”Stick fast to everything you undertake.“ Foolish son seizes an ass by tail and gets kicked. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.10. J2489.10. Payment with ”something or other.“ Offered money, fools insist on ”something or other.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.11. J2489.11. ”Don‘t allow paint to wear off my daughter’s feet.“ Bridegroom carries her upside down across river and drowns her. (Cf. J2412.6.) India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.12. J2489.12. Making money. ”Rupees make more rupees.“ Stupid peasant sticks his sole rupee in hole and loses it. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2489.13. J2489.13. ”Never show your head again.“ Jester soon appears with large pot over head. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2490. J2490. Literal fool--miscellaneous.

J2491. J2491. Clothing the servant. The master is to clothe the servant (at his expense). The servant insists that his master shall put on his clothes for him. Type 1569**.

J2492. J2492. Putting fear into him. A plaintiff insists that the judge shall put some fear into the defendant debtor. The judge puts his fingers over the eyes of the defendant and cries, ”Boo! Now give him his money.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 266 No. 246.

J2493. J2493. Names of dogs literally interpreted. The names are ”The Shepherd“ and ”Get the stick“. When the man calls his dogs to dinner, the thief thinks that he is telling the shepherd to get a stick. Type 1530*; Russia: Andrejev No. 1530*.

J2494. J2494. Getting a box on the ears. The man, advised to cure his wife with a box on the ears, goes to the pharmacy and gets one. He cures his wife. *Type 1372; Fb ”шrefigen“ III 1182; *Jacobs list s.v. ”Box on ears“; Christensen DF XLVII 208 No. 62.

J2495. J2495. Religious words or exercises interpreted with absurd literalness. West Indies: Flowers 491; Irish: Beal XXI 333, O’Suilleabhain 105.

J2495.1. J2495.1. Praying to the nearer virgin. One man prays to the Virgin of Aix-la-Chapelle. The other: ”That place is too far away; she can‘t be here in time to help.“ He prays to the Virgin of a nearer town. *Wesselski Bebel I 188 No. 47.

J2495.2. J2495.2. Debtors do not forgive. ”The Lord’s Prayer has little power. I forgive my debtors but my debtors do not forgive me.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 140 No. 50.

J2495.3. J2495.3. Did not want to be Christ. An actor representing Christ in a Passion Play is beaten by Jews. He throws the cross down: ”The devil may be God; I won‘t.“ *Wesselski Bebel II 109 No. 34.

J2495.4. J2495.4. Peasants want a living God. An artist, ordered to make a crucifix, asks peasants if they want a living God. They say yes. ”If we don’t like him we can kill him ourselves.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 409.

J2495.5. J2495.5. Numskulls believing that God has reposed on a leaf want to cross river on one. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2496. J2496. ”I don‘t know“ thought to be a person’s name. A man in a country that cannot speak his language hears ”I don‘t know“ so frequently that he thinks it must be the name of the owner of all the places he inquires about. *Type 700*; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker an Sinclair 95 No. 18.

J2496.1. J2496.1. Boy who worked for ”nothing at all“ goes to town and demands ”nothing at all.“ (Cf. J2489.10.) Penzer V 97.

J2496.2. J2496.2. Misunderstandings because of lack of knowledge of a different language than one’s own. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2420; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2497. J2497. ”Honey is sweet.“ A wayward son, asked by his mother to give her a sweet word, thus answers. *Kцhler-Bolte I 3.

J2498. J2498. Repeating the ceremony. Fool told to repeat part of the ceremony at baptism persists absurdly in repeating every remark. Field Pent Cuckoo 8; England: Baughman; West Indies: Flowers 491.

J2498.1. J2498.1. The imitative choir. Minister tells congregation that he has forgotten his spectacles, that he cannot line out the hymn as he customarily did. The choir sings his words. He tries to explain, apologizes. The choir repeats the apology in song. U.S.: *Baughman.

J2498.2. J2498.2. Priest‘s words repeated. Man sent to priest for religious service to repeat priest’s words. Keeps repeating ”Who are you?“ ”Where do you come from?“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J2499. J2499. Literal fool--additional motifs.

J2499.1. J2499.1. ”Till the front sweats.“ A mother orders her daughter to knead the dough until the front of the oven (stirn) sweats. She does so till her forehead (stirn) sweats. Type 1445*.

J2499.2. J2499.2. Not naked but with a hood on. She confesses that she has had relations with the priest. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 294.

J2499.3. J2499.3. Fool admits crime but pleads mistakes in the details of the accusation. Penzer V 117f.

J2499.4. J2499.4. Brings back all stolen cattle possible. Simple monk eats all he can of abbey‘s stolen cattle so as to bring them back home. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 61; Alphabet No. 718; Mensa Philosophica No. 187.

J2499.5. J2499.5. ”God is everywhere.“ Fool therefore trusts that he is in angry elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2499.6. J2499.6. Conventional greeting phrase taken literally: ”Come and share it.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J2499.7. J2499.7. Three stupid sons sent out into the world to learn trades: hunter kills his father; musician plays and dances at his father’s death, etc. Chinese: Graham.

J2500--J2549.

J2500--J2549. Foolish extreme.

J2500.

J2500.

J2511. J2511. The silence wager. A man and his wife make a wager as to who shall speak first (close the door). The man (woman) becomes jealous and scolds; loses the wager. *Type 1351; Child No. 275; **Brown Amer. Journ. of Philol. XLIII 289; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 263; Clouston Tales II 15; *Basset 1001 Contes II 401; Chauvin VIII 132 No. 124; Clouston Noodles 108, 184; Fb ”tie“ III 792a; Christensen DF L 79; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2511.1. J2511.1. Wager as to who shall rise (speak) first in morning (last up to get reward). They are carried to funeral pyre before they will give in. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2511.1.1. J2511.1.1. Husband to spite wife plays dead. When she tells neighbors that they may come and take dead man‘s property he gets up. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2511.1.2. J2511.1.2. Silence wager: man and wife taken for dead. Stand up when king offers reward for information about their death. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2511.2. J2511.2. Numskulls make silence wager. Arrested as thieves. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2512. J2512. The fool and the visitor‘s large nose. The fool asks where he got the large nose. Is removed from the room. He comes back to mend matters. He says, ”What a small nose you have!“ He is again taken from the room. The third time: ”What difference does it make whether you have a nose or not?“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 41. Cf. Type 2014.

J2513. J2513. Plenty of holy water. A fool hearing of the effectiveness of holy water for the forgiveness of sins pours the whole supply over himself. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 714.

J2514. J2514. Sickle bought at great cost given back. In a land where the sickle is not known the new sickle cuts off the head of a man and is thereupon given back to the original owner. *Type 1202; *BP II 72 n. 1.

J2516. J2516. Directions followed literally to the sorrow of the giver. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.0.1. J2516.0.1. Literal misconstruction of order. Hero gets revenge. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.1. J2516.1. Think thrice before you speak. The youth obeys literally the precept even when he sees the master‘s coat on fire. *Type 1562; Chauvin VIII 170 No. 187; cf. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 387.

J2516.2. J2516.2. ”Pick up everything!“ The youth so instructed picks up too much. The master then tells him to pick things up only when the master gives the signal. The master falls into a hole and cannot give the signal. *BP III 151; Christensen DF XLVII 226 No. 92; Japanese: Ikeda.

J2516.2.1. J2516.2.1. ”Pick up everything!“ Fool loads his master with horse dung. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.3. J2516.3. ”Do nothing but attend to the horse.“ The youth obeys the command to such extent that he almost lets his master drown. *Wesselski Morlini 317 No. 74.

J2516.3.1. J2516.3.1. Wife follows written instructions. She is to follow instructions which the husband has written down on a card. He falls into a brook and is about to drown. She goes home to see what his instructions on this point are. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 139; Christensen DF XLVII 226 No. 92.

J2516.3.2. J2516.3.2. The polite rescuers. Pupils are taught to clap their hands and say ”God bless you“ when one sneezes. As they are rescuing a drowning man by a rope he sneezes. They all clap their hands and he falls back into the water. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 227 No. 477.

J2516.3.3. J2516.3.3. Command to use only one phrase. King let drown in bath. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.3.4. J2516.3.4. ”Only light the fire.“ Fool allows the house to burn down. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2516.3.5. J2516.3.5. To tell nothing else than ”very good news.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.4. J2516.4. ”Do not leave my side.“ The youth obeys the command to such an absurd extent that he is a nuisance to his master. *Wesselski Morlini 317 No. 74.

J2516.5. J2516.5. ”Hang out lanterns.“ Officer calls to householders to hang out lanterns. One hangs out lantern but does not light it. The next night the officer calls to them to hang out lanterns and candles. He hangs out a lantern with a candle in it but unlighted. The next night the officer calls out to hang out lanterns and candlelight. England: Baughman.

J2516.6. J2516.6. ”Let no one in.“ When lizard comes in fool burns house down to drive it out. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.7. J2516.7. Remove turban as last duty. Sleepy servant removes master’s turban while still in council meeting. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.8. J2516.8. To draw out fence stakes and throw them down. Boy throws them into river. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2516.9. J2516.9. ”Foresee the possible event.“ Asked to call a doctor when his master falls ill, fool also calls the undertaker. India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2517. J2517. Couldn‘t wait to dress. The overzealous visitor rides naked to see his friends. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 233 No. 93.

J2518. J2518. Absurd extreme of discouragement.

J2518.1. J2518.1. Fool kills himself in despair because a sparrow has taken one grain from his field. Icelandic: Boberg.

J2518.2. J2518.2. Fool kills himself in despair because an ox has been killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

J2521. J2521. Extreme prudery.

J2521.1. J2521.1. The man is accused of maintaining a brothel. He has a bull for breeding purposes. *Wesselski Bebel I 141 No. 53.

J2521.2. J2521.2. Rebuke for going with a naked head in public. The woman rebuked has lost her hair in sickness. Forthwith she covers up her head with her dress and exposes her body. Bolte Frey 245 No. 79; England: Baughman; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2521.3. J2521.3. Girl marries man so she will not be ashamed undressed in his presence. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2522. J2522. Breaking the glassware to prevent others from doing so. A king thus removes temptation from his subjects. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 622.

J2523. J2523. The obedient husband: the leave of absence. His wife says, ”You may go away for a little while.“ He stays away for days and then sends a messenger to his wife asking if he has been away long enough. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 232 No. 84; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2523.1. J2523.1. Obedient husband hangs his wife. Wife had wished only to test her husband’s love for her. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1378.

J2523.2. J2523.2. Obedient husband walks slowly. Arrives home after dawn when wife‘s lover has gone. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2524. J2524. Fool liking salt decides to eat nothing else. Penzer V 71f.

J2525. J2525. Fool will not drink from a river because he cannot drink it all. Penzer V 88; Christensen DF XLVII 211 No. 67.

J2526. J2526. Equal share in the bed. Wishing to prove their equality twelve fools sleep on the ground and put their feet on the one bed provided for the chief. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2527. J2527. Thief out of habit robs from his own purse. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 46.

J2528. J2528. Letter believed against clear evidence. Fool believes letter apparently reporting his uncle’s death, though he has just seen uncle. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2532. J2532. Bureaucrats debate as to who shall put out palace fire: meantime palace burns. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2541. J2541. ”Don‘t eat too greedily.“ Fool starves himself at table. Later hunts food in house and gets into trouble. India: *Thompson-Balys. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1691*, 1691A*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 1363A*; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 286. Cf. the same story with risque ending: U.S. (Ozarks): Randolph Who Blowed Up the Church House (New York, 1952) 16, 185.

J2550--J2599.

J2550--J2599. Thankful fools.

J2561. J2561. Fool thanks God that he was not sitting on the ass when it was stolen. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 230 No. 495.

J2562. J2562. Thankful that the recipe is left. A hawk steals the fool’s meat. He is grateful that the recipe remains. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 231 No. 498.

J2563. J2563. ”Thank God they weren‘t peaches!“ A man plans to take peaches as a present to the king. He is persuaded rather to take figs. They are green and the king has them thrown in his face. He is thankful that they weren’t peaches. *Type 1689; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 227 No. 71; *Clouston Tales II 407ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

J2564. J2564. ”Thank God that camels have no wings.“ They might fly about and kill people. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 205 No. 2.

J2565. J2565. Fool thankful that God has built a palace without columns. Else the stones might fall down and kill us. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 270 No. 272.

J2566. J2566. One fewer to pay for. A man carries blind men over a stream at a certain price per head. One falls down and drowns. He comforts the others that there is one fewer to pay for. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 207 No. 14.

J2568. J2568. ”Thank God it‘s over!“ Man who has been promised a beating lives in constant dread. Is eventually beaten. He thanks God. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2569. J2569. ”Thank Fortune I’m out of business.“ Philosopher loses all his wealth at sea. Thanks Fortune for taking him out of business. Can now devote his life to philosophy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2571. J2571. ”Thank Fortune it wasn‘t a melon.“ Man contends that melons should not grow on slender vines but on tall trees. He is hit on the nose by a falling nut. Is thankful it wasn’t a melon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2572. J2572. Heart may not be able to stand winning mistress. Man told it is well he did not obtain girl he loved because his heart might not have been able to stand it. Heptameron No. 58.

J2600--J2649.

J2600--J2649. Cowardly fool.

J2600. J2600. Cowardly fool. *BP II 555.

J2611. J2611. Person frightened into falling down a cliff. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109f.; West Indies: Flowers 492.

J2612. J2612. The attack on the hare (crayfish). Seven men make strenuous plans for the attack on the fierce animal. One screams with fright and the animal runs away. (Cf. J1736.1.) *BP II 556, III 286; Christensen DF XLVII 220 No. 82; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 34.

J2613. J2613. Surrender to the rake. Fool steps on a rake and falls down crying, ”I surrender!“ *BP II 555.

J2614. J2614. Fools frightened by stirring of an animal. Christensen DF XLVII 175, 197 No. 24.

J2614.1. J2614.1. Fools are frightened at the humming of bees. Think it is a drum. *BP II 555; Christensen DF XLVII 194ff. No. 20.

J2614.2. J2614.2. Fools frightened at the flight of a quail. When they hear ”whirr!“ the army flees. Africa (Thonga): Junod 247.

J2614.3. J2614.3. Lions flee because of the crowing of white cock, elephants because of swine‘s grunting. Icelandic: FSS 69--71, Boberg.

J2615. J2615. Fright at the creaking of a wheelbarrow. Type 1321**.

J2615.1. J2615.1. Fright at noise of mill. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 697; India: Thompson-Balys.

J2616. J2616. The hawk frightened at the snipe’s bill. The snipe: ”It is a bill, but it is good for nothing (weak).“ The hawk is no longer afraid. Type 229*; Russian: Andrejev No. 229.

J2617. J2617. Afraid of his knees. A man awakes with his knees in the air. He thinks the knees are a lion and splits them with his axe. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 407 No. 5.

J2618. J2618. The sleeper answers for the dead man. A man falls asleep by a gallows. A company of wags come and invite the dead man on the gallows to accompany them. The sleeper awakes with a start and says, ”I‘ll come at once.“ The wags flee in terror. *Wesselski Bebel II 119 No. 59; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2621. J2621. The dead girl frightens father and lover. The girl dies. The lover, thinking that she is asleep, talks to her. When he hears the father speak of her as dead he is frightened that he has talked to the dead. The father hears the lover talk and thinks that it is the girl’s spirit. Both flee. Africa (Vai): Ellis 204 No. 21.

J2622. J2622. Fool frightened by stirring of the wind. Falls on a knife and kills himself. Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 277.

J2623. J2623. Tailor puts on thimble as protection from slug. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 142 No. 1710.

J2624. J2624. Fright at animals‘ eyes in the dark. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 209 No. 21.

J2625. J2625. Coward is frightened when clothing catches on thistle. (Cf. N384.2.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2626. J2626. Coward boasts of what he would have done after danger is over. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2626.1. J2626.1. Cornered paramour threatens the husband. Admits guilt. Husband: ”Had you denied it I would have killed you!“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

J2627. J2627. Frightened by fireworks. Christensen DF XLVII No. 30.

J2631. J2631. Boastful coward frightened when he sees strong adversaries. Hides in trousers of plowman who fights the men. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *650B; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 650B; Finnish: Aarne FFC V, XXXIII No. 650B; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 261f. No. 129.

J2632. J2632. Fools try to frighten one another, but get scared themselves and both flee. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3444; Legends Nos. 867, 869f.

J2633. J2633. Tiger frightened of leak in house. Chinese: Graham.

J2634. J2634. Fearing the earthquake. Fool worries lest earthquake make him fall against an open knife. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2650--J2699.

J2650--J2699. Bungling fool.

J2650. J2650. Bungling fool. Type 1690*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2661. J2661. Bungling fool has succession of accidents. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

J2661.1. J2661.1. The fool accidentally kills his child and loses the body. Indonesia: DeVries’s list no. 266.

J2661.2. J2661.2. The fool seeks a midwife. Accidentally strikes the dog dead, drowns the midwife, and kills the child. *Type 1680.

J2661.3. J2661.3. One woman to catch squirrel; the other to get the cooking pot. One falls from the tree and kills herself; the other breaks the pot. *Type 1227.

J2661.4. J2661.4. The boy‘s disasters. Foolishly kills his horse and throws his axe into the lake to kill a duck. Undresses to recover axe. Clothes stolen. Goes into barrel of tar to hide. In tar and feathers. *Type 1681.

J2662. J2662. Sent back for the rest of the money. A fool finds a treasure and takes some of it to a judge so as to purchase influence. The judge sends him back for the rest. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 831.

J2665. J2665. The awkward servant.

J2665.1. J2665.1. The cup with two and three handles. When the servant girl presents the cup to the emperor she holds the handle herself. When there are two handles she holds one in each hand, and when there are three she holds the third one toward her. Type 1327*.

J2665.2. J2665.2. Servant injures master while shampooing him. Gives him a slap and breaks his skin. Penzer V 113.

J2666. J2666. The bungling speaker.

J2666.1. J2666.1. ”I am as good as you are.“ One woman says to another, ”You are an adulteress and a thief, and I know that I am just as good as you are.“ *Wesselski Bebel I 136 No. 38.

J2667. J2667. The fool testifies: ”I had been drinking and was lying on the bench asleep. I saw him hit him over the head with an axe but don’t know whether he hit him or not.“ *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 816.

J2668. J2668. The fool betrays his brothers. They escape but he is captured and stupidly betrays their hiding places. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 432.

J2671. J2671. The forgetful fool. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2671.1. J2671.1. A fox or a hare? A servant is sent by his master to find a girl for him. If he returns with one he is to say, ”I have a fox“; if without, ”I have a hare.“ When he returns he has forgotten the agreement. ”I don‘t know whether it is a fox or a hare, but the girl is down stairs. *Wesselski Bebel I 195 No. 69.

J2671.2. J2671.2. Fool keeps repeating his instructions so as to remember them. (He usually forgets them.) *Clouston Noodles 133.

J2671.2.1. J2671.2.1. Fool’s talking to himself thought to be inappropriate greetings. He keeps repeating a word to remember it but changes it so that it seems to refer unfavorably to people whom he meets. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2671.3. J2671.3. Bungling fool forgets what elephant is called. Says it is an “earth egg” (confused with name for potatoes). India: Thompson-Balys.

J2671.4. J2671.4. Foolish messenger muddles message. India: Thompson-Balys.

J2672. J2672. The stolen bedcover. A man hears a noise outside the house at night. He wraps a bed cover about him and goes to investigate. The robbers take the bed cover and flee. The wife asks what the debate was about. “About the bed cover. When they got it, the quarrel was over.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 230 No. 77.

J2675. J2675. Bungling rescuer caught by crab. He tries to rescue woman caught by crab. Is caught himself and found in embarrassing position. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 178 No. 313; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 43 No. 44.

J2685. J2685. Buyer draws picture of grindstone on his order list. The grocer sends him a cheese. The buyer has forgotten to draw the hole. U.S.: *Baughman.

J2700--J2749.

J2700--J2749. The easy problem made hard.

J2700. J2700. The easy problem made hard.

J2711. J2711. How the tower was built. Fool gives three explanations: (1) It was formerly a deep well; dug up and set out; (2) it was built by a very tall man; (3) it was built flat on the ground and then set up. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 243 No. 27.

J2712. J2712. “What do I hold in my hand?” (Ring). “In its first state it was in the mountains; it is round and flat.” Fool: “A millstone.” Chauvin VIII 170 No. 188.

J2712.1. J2712.1. Guess what I have in my hand and I will give it to you to make egg-cake with. What does it look like? What outside and yellow inside. It is a hollowed turnip filled with carrots. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 209 No. 15.

J2712.2. J2712.2. Guess how many eggs I have and you shall get all seven. Christensen DF XLVII 214 No. 73.

J2713. J2713. The father of Noah‘s sons. The fool seeks advice as to how to answer this question: Who is the father of Stoffer’s three sons? Stoffer, of course. Then who was the father of Noah‘s three sons? Stoffer. Danish: MS (SK 41 in Dansk Folkemindesamling).

J2716. J2716. How to find if it is raining. (Cf. W111.2.4.)

J2716.1. J2716.1. Men must go to look in the pool to see if rain is falling. England: Baughman.

J2716.2. J2716.2. Man put out tubs to see if rain is still falling. England: Baughman.

J2721. J2721. Why he couldn’t see. One fool to another: “What would happen if you cut off your nose?” “I couldn‘t smell.” “What would happen if you cut off your ears?” “I couldn’t see.” “Why couldn‘t you see?” “My hat would fall down over my eyes.” U.S.: *Baughman.

J2722. J2722. Telling their horses apart. One fool docks the tail of his horse; the horse of the second gets tail caught in gate, is docked too. One notches ear of his horse; the second horse notches its ear on the fence. Finally they measure heights of their horses. The black horse is two inches taller than the white. U.S.: *Baughman.

J2750--J2799.

J2750--J2799. Other aspects of wisdom or foolishness.

J2751. J2751. Trickster’s greed while hunting causes him to be deserted. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 237 No. 7.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Deceptions

K. DECEPTIONS

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

K0--K99. Contests won by deception

K0. Contest won by deception--general

K10. Athletic contest won by deception

K30. Hunting contest won by deception

K40. Labor contest won by deception

K50. Endurance contest won by deception

K60. Absurd contest won by deception

K70. Contest in strength won by deception

K80. Contests in other physical accomplishments won by deception

K90. Other contests won by deception

K100--K299. Deceptive bargains

K100. Deceptive bargain

K110--K149. Sale of worthless articles

K110. Sale of pseudo-magic objects

K120. Sale of false treasure

K130. Sale of worthless animals

K140. Sale of other worthless objects

K150. Sale of worthless services

K170. Deception through pseudo-simple bargain

K200--K249. Deception in payment of debt

K200. Deception in payment of debt

K210. Devil cheated of his promised soul

K220. Payment precluded by terms of the bargain

K230. Other deceptions in the payment of debt

K250. Other deceptive bargains

K300--K499. Thefts and cheats

K300. Thefts and cheats--general

K310--K439. Thefts

K310. Means of entering house or treasury

K330. Means of hoodwinking the guardian or owner

K360. Other means of theft

K400. Thief escapes detection

K420. Thief loses his goods or is detected

K440--K499. Other cheats

K500--K699. Escape by deception

K500. Escape from death or danger by deception

K510. Death order evaded

K520. Death escaped through disguise, shamming, or substitution

K540. Escape by overawing captor

K550. Escape by false plea

K580. Captor persuaded into illusory punishment

K600. Murderer or captor otherwise beguiled

K620. Escape by deceiving the guard

K630. Escape by disarming (making pursuit difficult)

K640. Escape by help of confederate

K650. Other means of escape

K700--K799. Capture by deception

K700. Capture by deception

K710. Victim enticed into voluntary captivity or helplessness

K730. Victim trapped

K750. Capture by decoy

K770. Other deceptive captures

K800--K999. Fatal deception

K800. Fatal deception

K810. Fatal deception into trickster‘s power

K840. Deception into fatal substitution

K850. Fatal deceptive game

K870. Fatal deception by narcotic (intoxication)

K890. Dupe tricked into killing himself

K910. Murder by strategy

K930. Treacherous murder of enemy’s children or charges

K940. Deception into killing own children or animals

K950. Various kinds of treacherous murder

K960. Other fatal deceits

K1000--K1199. Deception into self-injury

K1000. Deception into self-injury

K1010. Deception through false doctoring

K1020. Deception into disastrous attempt to procure food

K1040. Dupe otherwise persuaded to voluntary self-injury

K1080. Persons duped into injuring each other

K1110. Deceptions into self-injury--miscellaneous

K1200--K1299. Deception into humiliating position

K1200. Deception into humiliating position

K1210. Humiliated or baffled lovers

K1240. Deception into humiliating position--miscellaneous

K1300--K1399. Seduction or deceptive marriage

K1300. Seduction

K1310. Seduction by disguise or substitution

K1330. Girl tricked into man‘s room (or power)

K1340. Entrance into girl’s (man‘s) room (bed) by trick

K1350. Woman persuaded (or wooed) by trick

K1380. Seduction--miscellaneous

K1400--K1499. Dupe’s property destroyed

K1400. Dupe‘s property destroyed

K1410. Dupe’s goods destroyed

K1440. Dupe‘s animals destroyed or maimed

K1460. Members of dupe’s family killed

K1500--K1599. Deceptions connected with adultery

K1500. Deception connected with adultery

K1510. Adulteress outwits husband

K1550. Husband outwits adulteress and paramour

K1570. Trickster outwits adulteress and paramour

K1580. Other deceits connected with adultery

K1600--K1699. Deceiver falls into own trap

K1600. Deceiver falls into own trap

K1610. Deceiver falls into his own trap--miscellaneous incidents

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Deception through Shams

K1700--K2099. DECEPTION THROUGH SHAMS

K1700--K1799. Deception through bluffing

K1700. Deception through bluffing

K1710. Ogre (large animal) overawed

K1760. Other bluffs

K1800--K1899. Deception by disguise or illusion

K1800. Deception by disguise or illusion

K1810. Deception by disguise

K1840. Deception by substitution

K1860. Deception by feigned death (sleep)

K1870. Illusions

K1900--K1999. Impostures

K1900. Impostures

K1910. Marital impostures

K1920. Substituted children

K1930. Treacherous impostors

K1950. Sham prowess

K1970. Sham miracles

K1980. Other impostures

K2000--K2099. Hypocrites

K2000. Hypocrites

K2010. Hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks

K2030. Double dealers

K2050. Pretended virtue

K2060. Detection of hypocrisy

K2100--K2199. False accusations

K2100. False accusations

K2110. Slanders

K2130. Trouble-makers

K2150. Innocent made to appear guilty

K2200--K2299. Villains and traitors

K2200. Villains and traitors

K2210. Treacherous relatives

K2220. Treacherous rivals

K2230. Treacherous lovers

K2240. Treacherous officers and tradesmen

K2250. Treacherous servants

K2260. Dark traitors

K2270. Deformed villains

K2280. Treacherous churchmen

K2290. Other villains and traitors

K2300--K2399. Other deceptions

K2300. Other deceptions

K2310. Deception by equivocation

K2320. Deception by frightening

K2350. Military strategy

K2370. Miscellaneous deceptions

K.

K. DECEPTIONS

K0--K99.

K0--K99. Contests won by deception.

K0. K0. Contest won by deception--general. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1. K1. Contest won by magic. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chincha, Peru): Alexander Lat. Am. 231.

K1.1. K1.1. Magic animal wins contest for man.

K1.1.1. K1.1.1. Magic bullock wins fight for master. India: Thompson-Balys. H1588. Contest of dogs.

K2. K2. Animals help man in contest. Type 1081; S. A. Indian (Chincha, Peru): Alexander Lat. Am. 231.

K2.1. K2.1. Fortune to go to direction cat jumps. King will give wealth to person toward whom the cat jumps. Clever woman has brought mouse along and thus entices the cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

K3. K3. Substitute in contest. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 234 No. 46.

K3.1. K3.1. Relative substitutes in contest. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 32 No. 16.

K3.2. K3.2. Young knight substitutes for old man in tournament. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K3.2.1. K3.2.1. Supernatural substitute in tournament for pious warrior. Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 36.

K3.3. K3.3. Woman substitutes for husband in combat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K3.4. K3.4. Wise man disguised as monk beats learned heretic in debate. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K5. K5. Contest with magician won by deception. India: Thompson-Balys.

K10. K10. Athletic contest won by deception.

K11. K11. Race won by deception. *Dh IV 46ff.; *BP III 339ff.; *Von den Steinen Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 275; *Fb “vжddelшb”; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 93, Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; N. A. Indian (Southern Ute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 70 No. 40.

K11.0.1. K11.0.1. Man challenges devil to race. Cheats him.

K11.1. K11.1. Race won by deception: relative helpers. One of the contestants places his relatives (or others that resemble him) in the line of the race. The opponent always thinks the trickster is just ahead of him. (Told of animals or of men; often of the hare and the turtle.) *Type 1074; *Dh IV48; Chauvin III 32; *Parsons JAFL XXI 221 n. 2; BP III 340ff., *343. -- North Carolina: Brown Collection I 703; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman FFC VI No. 275*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 92*; Spanish: Espinosa III 457f.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Basset Contes Berbиres 139; Japanese: Ikeda. -- Indonesia: *Dixon 192, 334 n. 18, DeVries‘s list No. 120; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 445, (Tinguian): Cole 198. -- N. A. Indian: *Boas BBAE LIX 307, (Oaxaca, Mexico): Boas JAFL XXV 214; S. A. Indian (Araucanian): Lehman-Nitsche Int. Cong. Americanists XIV 686, (Amazon): Alexander Lat Am. 288.--Africa (Cameroons): Mansfield 224, (Benga): Nassau 95 No. 5, (Kaffir): Kidd 239 No. 8, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 390 No. 15, (Suk): Mervin The Suk 38, (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 274, Thomas 153, (Vai): Ellis 199 No. 16; Bahama: Edwards MAFLS III 69; Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 308 n. 1; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 261 No. 60, Jekyll 39ff.; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 86 No. 18, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 271, (North Carolina): Backus JAFL XI 284, Parsons JAFL XXX 174, (South Carolina): Stewart JAFL XXXII 394, Parsons MAFLS XVI 79, (Florida): Parsons JAFL XXX 225f.

K11.2. K11.2. Race won by deception: riding on the back. One contestant rides on the other’s back. (Cf. K25.1.) *Types 221, 250, 275; *Dh IV 72ff., 91, 160ff.; Wienert FFC LVI *54 (ET 139), 114 (ST 248); BP III 278, *339.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 102, 121; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 441, (Kalispel): Curtis N. A. Indian VII iii, (Jicarilla Apache): Goddard PaAM VIII 236 No. 45; Africa (Vai): Ellis 189 No. 5, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 155 No. 30; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 261 No. 60; American Negro (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 270f., (Pennsylvania): ibid. XXX 209, (North Carolina): ibid. XXX 189.

K11.3. K11.3. Hare and tortoise race: sleeping hare. In a race between the fast and the slow animal, the fast animal sleeps on the road and allows the slow animal to pass him. *Dh IV 66ff.; *BP III 341ff.; Jacobs Aesop 162 No. 68; Haupt Zs. f. deutsches Altertum XII (1865) 527; *Wienert FFC LVI 44 (ET 22), 135 (ST 412); Halm Aesop No. 420.--Japanese: Ikeda; Ainu: Chamberlain, B. Aino Folktales (London, 1888) No. 14; N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Schoolcraft Algic Researches 181, (Cherokee): Mooney RBAE XIX 290 No. 43; Africa (West Africa): Cronise and Ward Cunnie Rabbit, Mr. Spider and the Other Beef (London, 1903) 155f.; West Indies: Flowers 494; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 102; American Negro (Pennsylvania): Parsons JAFL XXX 214, (North Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXX 174, (South Carolina): Parsons MAFLS XVI 79, (Florida): Parsons JAFL XXX 226.

K11.4. K11.4. Race won by deception: chariot disabled. A rival in a chariot race inserts linchpins of wax instead of those of bronze in the hero’s chariot. The latter is dragged to death. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 161 n. 3.

K11.5. K11.5. Race won by deception: sham-sick trickster. The trickster feigns lameness and receives a handicap in the race. He then returns and eats up the food which is the prize. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 298 n. 90.

K11.6. K11.6. Race won by deception: rabbit as “little son” substitute. A man challenged by an ogre to a running race persuades the ogre to race with his little son instead. By this he means a rabbit. (Cf. K12.2, K15.1.) *Type 1072; *Kцhler-Bolte I 58, 477ff.

K11.7. K11.7. Race won by deception: blinding opponent by spitting pepper into face. Africa (Bankon): Ittman 97.

K11.8. K11.8. Race won by deception: bow and arrow. Certain goal to be touched. Man shoots arrow and wins. India: Thompson-Balys.

K11.9. K11.9. Obstacle race between deer and hare. Hare accused of removing obstacles from his course. India: Thompson-Balys.

K12. K12. Wrestling match won by deception. **Hackman En Finlдndsk-Svensk Saga av Цsteuropeiskt Ursprung (Brages Еrsskrift IV, Helsingfors 1910); Icelandic: Boberg; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 137a.

K12.1. K12.1. Wrestling match won by deception: where to throw the ogre. The ogre squeezes the man so that his eyes bulge out. The ogre: “Why do you glare so?”--“I am looking to see where to throw you.” The ogre flees (Cf. K18.1.) *Type 1070; Hdwb d. Mдrchens I 193b. n. 9; *Hackman cf. K12.

K12.2. K12.2. Wrestling match won by deception: bear as “grandfather.” A man challenged by an ogre persuades the latter to wrestle with his old grandfather instead. By this he means a bear. (Cf. K11.6, K15.1.) *Type 1071; Kцhler-Bolte I 477ff.; *Hackman cf. K12.

K12.3. K12.3. Wrestling match: Antaeus. Giant invincible in wrestling because with each contact with earth his strength is renewed. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 222 n. 2.

K12.4. K12.4. Wrestling match of man with fever. Man places stone image at wrestling-place; fever enters image and shatters it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K12.5. K12.5. Wrestling between porcupine and deer. Deer defeated but always pleads illness. India: Thompson-Balys.

K13. K13. Boxing match: fatal boxer defeated. All comers are challenged and all are killed until the hero defeats the challenger. (Argonauts and Amycus.) *Hackman cf. K12; *Frazer Apollodorus I 102 n. 2.

K14. K14. Rowing contest won by deception. The boat is already sawed through. Type 1087.

K14.1. K14.1. Rowing contest won by deception: magic boat. India: Thompson-Balys.

K15. K15. Climbing match won by deception. *Hackman cf. K12; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 135.

K15.1. K15.1. Climbing match won by deception: squirrel as “child”. The ogre agrees to contest against the man‘s young one, i.e., a squirrel. (Cf. K11.6, K12.2.) *Type 1073; Kцhler-Bolte I 477ff.

K16. K16. Diving match won by deception. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 123.

K16.1. K16.1. Diving match won by deception: breathing under brush. Trickster comes up and breathes under some floating brush, where he is not detected. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 136.

K16.2. K16.2. Diving match: trickster eats food while dupe is under water. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 101, (Angola): Chatelain 205; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 239; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 373 No. 67, (South Carolina): Stewart JAFL XXXII 394, Parsons MAFLS XVI 40.

K17. K17. Jumping contest won by deception. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 51; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 302 n. 104.

K17.1. K17.1. Contest: jumping into the ground. A hole is already dug and covered with boughs. *Type 1086.

K17.1.1. K17.1.1. Contest: who can go deepest into the earth? Wren goes into mouse hole. *Type 221; *BP III 278; *Dh IV 169.

K17.2. K17.2. Contest in jumping from the church tower. The devil is not to look behind him. The man runs downstairs (or otherwise cheats). Type 1075*; *Bolte Frey 222 No. 19.

K17.3. K17.3. Contest in jumping into a trap. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 134.

K17.4. K17.4. Jumping frog contest. Frog filled with shot. Anonymous Historia de Pedro Urdemales (Yungay, Chile, 1885) No. 11. Literary treatment by Mark Twain.

K18. K18. Throwing contest won by deception. *Fb “kaste” II 103a; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; Africa (Bankon): Ittman 88.

K18.1. K18.1. Throwing contest: trickster shouts. He is trying to warn the people beyond the sea with his cry. The ogre is intimidated. (Cf. K12.1.) Kцhler-Bolte I 64; U.S.: Baughman.

K18.1.1. K18.1.1. Throwing contest: trickster addresses Angel Gabriel. Offers him the ogre’s cane. The ogre is intimidated. N. A. Indian (Penobscot): Speck JAFL XXVIII 56.

K18.1.2. K18.1.2. Throwing contest: trickster addresses Angel Gabriel or St. Peter, warns him to get out of way of missile trickster is about to throw. U.S.: *Baughman.

K18.2. K18.2. Throwing contest: golden club on the cloud. Trickster shows the ogre the club he has thrown. (Really only a bright spot on the cloud.) (Cf. K1746.) *Type 1063; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 22.

K18.3. K18.3. Throwing contest: bird substituted for stone. The ogre throws a stone; the hero a bird which flies out of sight. *Type 1062; BP I 148; Lappish: Qvigstad Lappiske Eventyr II 237, 251; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 95; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 51; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 431ff., (Navaho): Matthews MAFLS V 84; Africa: Meinhof Afrikanische Mдrchen 178, (Jaunde): Nekes 252.

K22. K22. Deceptive tug-of-war. Small animal challenges two large animals to a tug-of-war. Arranges it so that they unwittingly pull against each other (or one end of rope is tied to a tree). Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 37 No. 5, (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 277, Thomas 145, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 377 No. 2; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 124 No. 26; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 74 No. 34, Edwards MAFLS III 65; South American Negro: C. F. Hartt Amazonian Tortoise Myths (Rio de Janeiro, 1875) 20, Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 83 No. 27; West Indies: Flowers 495ff.

K23. K23. Deceptive shinny match. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 141, (California): Gayton and Newman 74.

K24. K24. Deception in swinging contest. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 24.

K25. K25. Flying contest won by deception.

K25.1. K25.1. Flying contest won by deception: riding on the other. Wren hides in eagle’s wings. (Cf. K11.2.) *Type 221.

K25.2. K25.2. Contest in flying with load. One animal chooses cotton; the other, seeing that a rain is coming, chooses salt and wins. Dh III 142.

K26. K26. Blowing contest won by deception. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 194a n. 17.

K27. K27. Riding contest won by substitution. Icelandic: Boberg.

K28. K28. Tournament won by deception on borrowed horse. Icelandic: Boberg.

K30. K30. Hunting contest won by deception.

K31. K31. Shooting contest won by deception. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS VII 137; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 142.

K31.1. K31.1. Contest: shooting an unheard-of bird. The man sends his wife on all fours in tar and feathers. The ogre has never heard of such a bird. *Type 1092.

K31.2. K31.2. Shooting test won by deception: proof of good sight. A man puts a dead hare under a tree and shows it to his dog. He tells people to look at the hare under the tree. At the distance no one can see it. He tells them that he will shoot it. He shoots and has his dog bring the hare. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 207 No. 417.

K31.3. K31.3. Shooting contest won by deception: bird substituted for arrows. N. A. Indian: *Boas RBAE XXXI 721, 944.

K32. K32. Trapping contest won by deception. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 328 n. 187.

K33. K33. Harpooning contest won by deception. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 134.

K40. K40. Labor contest won by deception.

K41. K41. Plowing contest.

K41.1. K41.1. Plowing contest won by deception: hare exchanged for horse. God and the devil contest in plowing. The devil plows with a horse, God with a hare. While the devil is asleep, God takes the devil‘s horse and plows the field. When he wakes, the devil thinks the hare has plowed so much and gladly trades his horse for the hare. Dh I 192f.

K41.2. K41.2. Pig and dog as plowmen. Pig plows while dog sleeps. Then dog runs back and forth in furrow to claim victory. India: Thompson-Balys.

K42. K42. Harvesting contest.

K42.0.1. K42.0.1. Contest: harvesting the hay. The man calls out, “The wolves are coming!” The ogre is intimidated. Type 1053*.

K42.1. K42.1. Threshing contest. Type 1089*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1089*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1089.

K42.2. K42.2. Mowing contest won by trickery. The man takes the center of the field. The ogre is given a dull sickle and mows around the outside of the field. *Type 1090; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 456ff., (1928) 284ff.

K42.2.1. K42.2.1. God cheats devil at mowing. God mows with a chisel, the devil with a scythe. God deceives devil into changing scythe for chisel. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 138.

K44. K44. Deceptive contest in chopping. Type 1065*.

K44.1. K44.1. Deceptive contest in chopping: iron in bamboo. Hero challenged to cut down bundles of bamboo suspended in air but a strip of iron is treacherously inserted in each. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 266.

K46. K46. Tree-pulling contest. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191f.

K47. K47. Sewing contest won by deception.

K47.1. K47.1. Sewing contest won by deception: the long thread. The ogre sews with the whole length of the thread. When he returns from the first stitch, the tailor has his task finished. *Type 1096; India: Thompson-Balys.

K48. K48. Contest in bridge-building won by deception. India: Thompson-Balys.

K50. K50. Endurance contest won by deception.

K51. K51. Waking contest won by deception. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 25; cf. DeVries FFC LXXIII 400ff.

K51.1. K51.1. Waking contest won by giving opponent soporific. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1142).

K52. K52. Contest in seeing sunrise first.

K52.1. K52.1. Contest in seeing sunrise first: sun on the trees. The fox places himself on a hill facing the east; the hog in a lower place facing the high trees to the west. The sun shines on the top of the trees, and the hog wins. (Sometimes told with human actors.) *Type 120; Dh III 147ff., 150ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 269; Irish: Jackson FL XLVII 285; Japanese: Ikeda. Cf. Harris Friends 3 No. 1.

K52.2. K52.2. Contest in seeing sunrise first: sleeper wins. One keeps awake, the other sleeps. The first thinks that he sees the sun and cries out prematurely, thus waking the other, who wins. *Dh III 147f.

K53. K53. Deceptive contest in fasting. Irish myth: *Cross; Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 34ff.; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 133; Africa (Nigeria): Dayrell 153ff.; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 97 No. 51; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 261f. No. 61; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 370 No. 66.

K60. K60. Absurd contest won by deception.

K61. K61. Contest in pushing hole in tree: hole prepared beforehand. Hero and ogre to vie in pushing a hole in a tree with their heads. *Type 1085, 1640; BP I 163; Kцhler-Bolte I 86.

K62. K62. Contest in squeezing water from a stone. The ogre squeezes a stone; the trickster a cheese or egg. *Types 1060, 1640; *BP I 148; *Fb “sten” III 554a, “шst” II 763a; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 438; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 51; Caucasian: Dirr Kaukasische Mдrchen 7 No. 2; Malay: Hambruch Malaiische Mдrchen 109; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IX 289; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 146 No. 30.

K63. K63. Contest in biting a stone. The ogre bites a stone; the man a nut. *Types 1061, 1640; BP I 68 n. 1, II 528; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 387 No. 13.

K63.1. K63.1. Hero to eat iron grains. Substitutes soft food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K64. K64. Contest: pulling on steak with teeth. Two men take an end of a steak in their teeth; each attempts to pull it away from the other. After each has a good hold, the Irishman says (with clenched teeth) “Noo’re ready?” The Dutchman says, “Yah!”, loses the steak. (Cf. K22, K561.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

K66. K66. Dream contests. U.S.: *Baughman.

K69. K69. Absurd contest won by deception--miscellaneous.

K69.1. K69.1. Contest with magician in bringing grain out of closed bamboo: trickster brings culm-borers to make holes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K70. K70. Contest in strength won by deception.

K71. K71. Deceptive contest in carrying a tree: riding. The trickster has the dupe carry the branches of a tree while he carries the trunk. He rides on the trunk. *Type 1052; *BP I 149; Africa (Dzalamo): Meinhof ZsES XI 280. Cf. Type 1640.

K72. K72. Deceptive contest in carrying a horse. The ogre carries it on his back and soon tires; the man carries it between his legs (rides). *Type 1082; Kцhler-Bolte I 473.

K73. K73. Deceptive contest in squeezing hands. The man has an iron glove on. Type 1060*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1060*.

K74. K74. Deceptive contest in pulling fingers. The man has an iron finger. Type 1064*.

K80. K80. Contests in other physical accomplishments won by deception.

K81. K81. Deceptive eating contest. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 128; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 137b; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 313, (Greenland): Rink 108.

K81.1. K81.1. Deceptive eating contest: hole in bag. The hero slips his food into a bag and makes the ogre believe that he is the greater eater. (In many versions the hero cuts open the bag; the ogre imitates and kills himself.) (Cf. K82.1.) *Type 1088; Saintyves Perrault 282; Krohn Tutkimuksia Suomalaisten Kansansatujen alalta 220ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 86; *Fb “жde” III 1139b.--Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 211, MacCulloch Eddic 93, Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 439; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191b; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IX 368, XII 349.

K81.2. K81.2. Deceptive eating contest: relative helpers. Trickster wins with the aid of substitutes. (Cf. K82.2.) N. A Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69; Africa (Congo): Weeks 214 No. 10.

K81.3. K81.3. Deceptive eating contest: inexhaustible food. Hero can produce unlimited food which opponents must eat. India: Thompson-Balys.

K81.4. K81.4. Contest: who will eat least. Food secretly furnished one, but plan detected and foiled. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1568A*.

K82. K82. Deceptive drinking contest.

K82.1. K82.1. Deceptive drinking contest: hole for water. The trickster lets the water run out through a hole; the dupe drinks himself to death. (Cf. K81.1.) *Type 1088; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 93; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 49, 94.

K82.1.1. K82.1.1. Deceptive drinking contest: rising and falling tide. Buffalo and heron wager as to which can drink the sea until the water falls. The buffalo drinks as the tide is coming in; the heron drinks in the falling tide and wins. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 98.

K82.1.2. K82.1.2. Attempted intoxication avoided by boring a hole in the bottom of cup. Marquesas: Handy 119.

K82.2. K82.2. Deceptive drinking contest: relative helpers. (Cf. K81.2.) Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 66 No. 14; Icelandic: Boberg.

K82.3. K82.3. Deceptive contest in drinking whisky. The man drinks water, the devil is given vinegar. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1089*.

K82.4. K82.4. Deceptive drinking contest: pretended swallowing. One bullock keeps mouth in water. Other drinks self to death. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K83. K83. Deceptive scratching contest. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109ee.

K83.1. K83.1. Scratching contest: man‘s wife shows wounds. The man sends his wife to meet the ogre with whom he is to have a scratching contest. She tells the ogre that her husband has gone to have his nails sharpened. She shows him deep wounds that her husband has scratched on her body (obscene). The ogre leaves in terror. *Type 1095; BP III 356, 363; *Penzer III 34; *Bolte Zs. f. vgl. Litgsch. n. F. VII 456; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 454.

K83.1.1. K83.1.1. Scratching contest with devil: man‘s wife shows scratches in her oak table. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 193b.

K83.2. K83.2. Contest in scratching skin off each other: covering self with several ox-hides. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1098*.

K84. K84. Deceptive vocal contests.

K84.1. K84.1. Contest in shrieking or whistling. *Type 1084; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 107.

K85. K85. Contest in seeing. *Type 238.

K86. K86. Contest in hearing. *Type 238.

K87. K87. Deceptive laughing contest. Type 42*; Russian: Andrejev No. 42.

K87.1. K87.1. Laughing contest: dead horse winner. The ogre tries to laugh as long as the dead horse with a grinning mouth. Laughs till he dies. Type 1080*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1080.

K90. K90. Other contests won by deception.

K91. K91. Cursing contest. Arrow sent as a curse. Aarne FFC III 44 No. 1094.

K92. K92. Gambling contest won by deception. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 276.

K92.1. K92.1. Gambling contest: coin which attracts fly first to win. Winning coin had been rubbed on a pear. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K92.2. K92.2. Game won with loaded dice. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K92.3. K92.3. Girl distracts opponent‘s attention so that gambling lover wins. India: Thompson-Balys.

K95. K95. Finger-drying contest won by deception. Three daughters are to wet hands; the first to have hands dry is to be the first to marry. The youngest waves her hands, exclaiming, “I don‘t want a man!” She wins. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 14; U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 701; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K97. K97. Duel won by deception.

K97.1. K97.1. Boar in duel with tiger cakes mud on body: defeats tiger. India* Thompson-Balys.

K97.2. K97.2. Combat won by means of substituted weapons. Zs. f. d. Phil. XXVI 12--13; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K98. K98. Beauty contest won by deception.

K98.1. K98.1. Beauty contest won by deception: other contestants covered with leaves. Tonga: Gifford 186.

K100--K299.

K100--K299. Deceptive bargains.

K100. K100. Deceptive bargains. Icelandic: Boberg.

K110--K149.

K110--K149. SALE OF WORTHLESS ARTICLES

K110. K110. Sale of pseudo-magic objects. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 23; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K111. K111. Pseudo-magic treasure-producing objects sold. India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 178f.

K111.1. K111.1. Alleged gold-dropping animal sold. *Type 1539; BP II 10ff.; Penzer V 5--13; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 26 No. 5.

K111.2. K111.2. Alleged bill-paying hat sold. *Type 1539; BP II 10; *Fb “hat” IV 202b; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 196, 443.

K111.3. K111.3. Pseudo-magic wealth-providing bag sold. India: Thompson-Balys.

K111.4. K111.4. Pseudo-magic formula for making gold sold to king. Gold required for its manufacture carried off by manufacturer. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K112. K112. Pseudo-magic food-producing object sold.

K112.1. K112.1. Alleged self-cooking kettle sold. *Type 1539; BP II 10; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K112.2. K112.2. “Soup stone” sold. It needs only the addition of a few vegetables and a bit of meat. *Type 1548; *Prato RTP IV 168; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K112.2.1. K112.2.1. Alleged soup-making pot sold. It already has the ingredients in it. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 242 No. 16.

K112.3. K112.3. Sale of pseudo-magic cake tree. Korean: Zong in-Sob 179 No. 77.

K113. K113. Pseudo-magic resuscitating object sold. Dupe kills his wife (mother) and is unable to resuscitate her. *Type 1535, 1539; BP II 10; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 275.

K113.0.1. K113.0.1. Seven devils’ wives imitate ritual of death and resuscitation done over hero; not having the real water of life and death, the seven enemy devils are killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K113.1. K113.1. Alleged resuscitating bone sold. (Cf. D1013.) Nubian: Sйbillot RTP III 394.

K113.2. K113.2. Alleged resuscitating whistle sold. (Cf. D1225). *BP II 10; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 99; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 196; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 422ff.

K113.3. K113.3. Alleged resuscitating book sold. (Cf. D1266.) Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 137.

K113.4. K113.4. Alleged resuscitating wand sold. (Cf. D1254.1.) *BP II 10; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K113.5. K113.5. Alleged resuscitating fiddle sold. (Cf. D1233.) *BP II 10; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K113.6. K113.6. Alleged resuscitating knife sold. (Cf. D1083.) *BP II 10, Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K113.7. K113.7. Alleged resuscitating horn sold. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K113.8. K113.8. Alleged resuscitating bugle sold. Korean: Zong in-Sob 179f. No. 77.

K114. K114. Pseudo-magic oracular object sold. *Type 1535; *BP II 18; *Fb “Spеmand”.

K114.1. K114.1. Alleged oracular cow-hide sold. *Type 1535; *BP II 18.

K114.1.1. K114.1.1. Alleged oracular horse-hide sold. Type 1535.

K114.2. K114.2. Alleged oracular bird-skin sold. *Type 1535; *BP II 18.

K114.3. K114.3. Alleged oracular pill sold.

K114.3.1. K114.3.1. Virtue of oracular pill proved. The dupe takes it. “It is dog‘s dung,” he says and spits it out. The trickster says that he is telling the truth and demands pay. *Wesselski Gonnella 99ff. Nos. 4, 4a, 105 No. 9; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K114.4. K114.4. Sale of alleged oracular bamboo cup. Chinese: Graham.

K115. K115. Pseudo-magic healing objects sold.

K115.1. K115.1. Alleged healing letter sold. Woman sold a letter to wear around her neck which will prevent eye trouble. It helps only so long as she believes in it. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 153.

K115.1.1. K115.1.1. Alleged healing letter (charm) sold: to aid in childbirth. Actually works. When opened it contains nonsense. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K115.1.2. K115.1.2. Pseudo-magic letter is found to contain insulting remarks. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K115.1.3. K115.1.3. Pseudo-magic charm (letter): to ward off plague. Obscene contents. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K115.1.4. K115.1.4. Pseudo-magic letter (charm): to aid in engendering offspring. Obscene contents. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K115.2. K115.2. Alleged healing stone sold. A sailor boy sells a seasick Jew “Babylon stones” as a cure. They are pieces of coal. Type 1532*.

K115.3. K115.3. Pseudo-magic potion: to induce pregnancy. Found to contain snake’s eggs. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K116. K116. Alleged rejuvenating object sold. (Cf. D1338.)

K116.1. K116.1. Betrayal through pretended fountain of youth. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 51.

K116.2. K116.2. Alleged rejuvenating stick sold. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K117. K117. Alleged inexhaustible vessel sold.

K117.1. K117.1. Alleged inexhaustible bottle sold. *Wesselski Bebel I 224 No. 128.

K118. K118. Sale of tree with alleged magic fruit. Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 24 No. 1.

K118.1. K118.1. Sale of tree alleged to produce clothes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K119. K119. Sale of other pseudo-magic objects.

K119.1. K119.1. Alleged automatic object sold. U.S.: Baughman.

K119.1.1. K119.1.1. Fishing-rod alleged to take fish to fisherman’s home. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K119.1.2. K119.1.2. Sale of reputed self-operating sickle. India: Thompson-Balys.

K119.2. K119.2. Pseudo-magic acorns: to protect holder‘s pigs. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K120. K120. Sale of false treasure.

K121. K121. Lime (ashes) sold as gold. *Type 1535; *BP II 10; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K122. K122. Sale of gilded mudcakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K123. K123. Sale of gilded (plated) ware as gold or silver. India: Thompson-Balys.

K126. K126. Trickster, as watchman, exchanges worthless bag for bag of gold at night. India: Thompson-Balys.

K130. K130. Sale of worthless animals.

K131. K131. Animal sold as messenger.

K131.1. K131.1. Rabbit sold as letter-carrier. Alleged to be a swift deliverer of letters. *Type 1539; *BP II 10; Kцhler-Bolte I 323; *Herbert III 35; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K131.1.1. K131.1.1. Alleged speaking hare sold as messenger. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K131.2. K131.2. Bird sold as messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

K132. K132. Wolf sold as a goat (sheep). Types 1535, 1539; *BP II 10; Kцhler-Bolte I 323; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K133. K133. Wild animal sold as watch-dog.

K133.1. K133.1. Wolf sold as watch-dog. *Type 1542.

K133.2. K133.2. Bear sold as watch-dog. *Type 1542.

K134. K134. Deceptive horse-sale.

K134.1. K134.1. Horse which will not go over trees. Salesman tells buyer that he is selling the horse because it eats too much and will not climb trees. On the way home the horse bites everyone and refuses to cross a bridge. Seller is literally correct. *Wesselski Bebel I 133 No. 33; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 112; England: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1631.

K134.2. K134.2. The horse swifter than the rain. Caught in the rain, a trickster finds that his horse will not budge. He undresses, puts his clothes under the horse’s belly and keeps them dry. When he reaches the king, he reports that his horse has run so fast that he has had no time to get wet. The king buys the horse. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 228 No. 72.

K134.3. K134.3. Trickster grooms master‘s old mule and then sells him back without detection at huge profit. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 25.

K134.4. K134.4. Trickster in disguise regains possession of his own horse by trading with man whom he has duped once before. Pierre Faifeu No. 47.

K134.5. K134.5. Owner trades a blind horse. He gives a description that is literally correct. U.S.: *Baughman.

K134.6. K134.6. Selling or trading a balky horse. (Cf. K134.2.) U.S.: *Baughman.

K134.7. K134.7. Person trades a dead horse. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

K134.8. K134.8. Trickster temporarily lames valuable horse and buys him for trifle. India: Thompson-Balys.

K135. K135. Pseudo-magic animals sold. Kцhler-Bolte I 324; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K135.1. K135.1. Pseudo-magic dog (goat) sold.

K135.1.1. K135.1.1. Dog (goat) alleged to swallow cold. Said to swallow up the cold so that if he is near, one may sleep comfortably in the cold. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K135.1.2. K135.1.2. Dog alleged to chase hare and bring it to hunter’s home. Dupe deceived. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K135.1.3. K135.1.3. Sale of dog supposed to excrete sweet dung: dupe deceived. Korean: Zong in-Sob 178f. No. 77.

K136. K136. Sale of dead buffalo by making him seem alive. Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 24 No. 1.

K137. K137. Alleged speaking animal sold. India: Thompson-Balys.

K137.1. K137.1. Two jars full of live black wasps sold as interpreters of foreign language. India: Thompson-Balys.

K137.2. K137.2. Parrot knowing only two words sold as speaking foreign language. India: Thompson-Balys.

K139. K139. Other worthless animals sold.

K139.1. K139.1. Animals made by magic exchanged for real ones. The magic animals disappear. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 96.

K140. K140. Sale of other worthless objects.

K140.1. K140.1. Deceptive exchange: useless for magic object. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 280.

K141. K141. Sale of a sausage filled with blood. Type 480*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 656*.

K142. K142. Sale of worthless glass as diamond. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K143. K143. Sale of dung. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K143.1. K143.1. Pot of cow dung covered with cheese sold as cheese. India: Thompson-Balys.

K144. K144. Exchange of alleged ghee (liquid butter) for goat (cow). India: *Thompson-Balys.

K144.1. K144.1. Pus from sore sold as ghee. India: Thompson-Balys.

K144.2. K144.2. Earthen pot with rice water on top of which clarified butter had been poured sold as a pot of clarified butter. India: Thompson-Balys.

K144.3. K144.3. Mud sold as fresh butter. India: Thompson-Balys

K147. K147. Worthless fruits (plants) sold.

K147.1. K147.1. Green plantains sold as matured plants. India: Thompson-Balys.

K148. K148. Cheaters sell each other valueless articles. India: Thompson-Balys.

K149. K149. Sale of worthless objects--miscellaneous.

K149.1. K149.1. Trick exchange: basket of stones for one of bread; a few pieces of money shown through slit in basket-cover to dupe. India: Thompson-Balys.

K150. K150. Sale of worthless services.

K151. K151. A beggar tells the bishop how to stay warm. For a gulden he tells him that he should wear all his clothes when he goes horseback in winter. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 513.

K152. K152. Thief masked as devil bought off by frightened owner. Type 1525; Scotch: Campbell-McKay No. 11; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3442, Legends Nos. 859f.

K153. K153. The backwards and forwards dance. Dupe persuaded to pay for learning this dance (really moving toward and away from a fire). India: Thompson-Balys.

K154. K154. Trickster feigns ability to influence the sun; sells services. Sun to shine on fools‘ backs as they go to town in morning and return in afternoon. India: Thompson-Balys.

K157. K157. Fraudulent permission sold.

K157.1. K157.1. Man collects toll fraudulently, stamps “Brass Gate” on receipts he gives. People think this is some Government phrase. India: Thompson-Balys.

K158. K158. Trickster persuades dupe to sacrifice animal and give it to him as payment for supposed services. Chinese: Graham.

K170. K170. Deception through pseudo-simple bargain.

K170.1. K170.1. Deceptive partnership between man and ogre. *Types 1030--1059; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

K171. K171. Deceptive division of profits.

K171.0.1. K171.0.1. Giant cheated in division of spoils of the chase. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 28.

K171.0.2. K171.0.2. Jackal cheats other animals of elephant they have killed together. India: Thompson-Balys.

K171.1. K171.1. Deceptive crop division: above the ground, below the ground. Of root crops the ogre (stupid animal) chooses the tops; of other crops the roots. (Cf. J242.8.) *Type 1030; *BP III 355, 363 n. 1; **J. Hackman “Sagan om skцrdelningen” Folkloristika och etnografiska studier III 140ff.; *Krohn “Bar (Wolf) und Fuchs” JSFO VI 104ff.; Wьnsche Teufel 70ff.; Taylor PMLA XXXVI 58 n. 34; *Kцhler-Bolte I 69; **Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 193a, 593b; *Fb “rшd”.--Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 441, (1928) 271; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 161; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 497; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 441, 447ff.; American Negro: Parsons JAFL XXX 175.

K171.2. K171.2. Deceptive grain division: the corn and the chaff. The bear chooses the chaff because of its greater bulk. At the mill the fox‘s grain makes a different sound from the bear’s. *Type 9B; *Dh IV 249ff.; *Krohn “Bar (Wolf) und Fuchs” JSFO VI 97ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 193b.

K171.3. K171.3. Deceptive nut and olive division: inside and outside. The clever man chooses the kernel of the nuts and the outside of the olive. BP III 363.

K171.3.1. K171.3.1. Deceptive sacrifice of nuts and dates. Trickster sacrifices only the shells of the nuts and the inside of the dates. Wienert FFC LVI 80 (ET 456), 103 (ST 164); Halm Aesop No. 315.

C57.1.1. Tabu: fraudulent sacrifice.

K171.4. K171.4. Deceptive division of pigs: curly and straight tails. All with curly tails belong to the trickster, others to the dupe. *Type 1036.

K171.5. K171.5. Deceptive division of animals for shearing. The trickster shears the sheep; the dupe the pig. *Type 1037.

K171.6. K171.6. In dividing the fish, the dupe gets the bones. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 22.

K171.7. K171.7. Deceptive division of shared wife. Evil takes lower half of wife, Good takes upper half. Child begotten by Evil not permitted to nurse the top half which belongs to Good. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K171.7.1. K171.7.1. The common cow and bull: one gets front of cow and back of bull. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K171.7.2. K171.7.2. Deceptive division of sheep. Evil chooses lambs, leaving milk to Good. Lambs drink up all milk. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K171.8. K171.8. Barber’s and jackal‘s common garden: jackal pretends that garden has not yielded any fruit at all. India: Thompson-Balys.

K171.9. K171.9. Monkey cheats fox of his share of bananas. Climbs on a tree and tosses peelings down upon fox. India: Thompson-Balys.

K172. K172. Anger bargain. The trickster makes a bargain with his master that the first to become angry must submit to punishment. He thereupon heaps abuses on his master till the latter breaks out in anger and must take his punishment. *Types 650A, 1000; *BP II 293; *Fb “nжse” II 716a, “vred” III 1195b; Kцhler-Bolte I 327; Irish myth: *Cross, Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “domestique”; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 240; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 433f.; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 113.

K172.1. K172.1. Anger bargain: may God give you a penny. A servant and his mistress agree that when they are angry with each other they shall say, “May God give you a penny!” When the master says this, the servant says, “May he give you two!” They keep increasing the amount till those who hear wonder at the performance. The mistress tells them, “You don’t know the coin.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 365, 813.

K173. K173. Deceptive bargain: as much bread as he wants to eat. The baker fixes his price at the rate for twenty loaves. The trickster eats thirty. *Chauvin II 125 No. 124.

K174. K174. Deceptive bargain: a sack of corn as reward. Trickster has an enormous sack made. *Wesselski Gonnella 131 No. 25.

K174.1. K174.1. Deceptive bargain: as much grain as will go in a rope. Trickster encloses whole crop. Scotch: Campbell-McKay No. 30.

K175. K175. Deceptive bargain: three wishes. The ogre is to fulfill three wishes of the peasant. The latter wishes for all the tobacco and brandy in the world and then some more brandy in addition. The devil must admit failure. Type 1173*.

K176. K176. Deceptive bargain: first to say “Good morning.” The first to give the greeting shall have the disputed property. The trickster is early on the scene and witnesses the other’s adultery. He may keep the property without saying good morning. *Type 1735; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 324.

K176.1. K176.1. First to greet the other in morning will lose beauty contest. Dispute is to be settled thus. (Cf. H1529.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K177. K177. Deceptive bargain: fasting together. The servant girl eats secretly; the miser starves. Danish: Kristensen Jyske Folkeminder VII No. 30; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1568A*.

K178. K178. Deceptive bargain: felling the tree. The ogre and the trickster agree to fell a large tree. The trickster purposely dulls his axe on a stone and then asks the ogre to exchange. Rather than work with a dull axe, the ogre does all the work. *Type 1050.

K181. K181. Deceptive bargain: a peck of grain for each stack. The man who is to receive this share of the crop makes very small stacks. *Type 1155.

K182. K182. Deceptive bargain: an ox for five pennies. A woman who has been left the ox on condition that she give the proceeds to the poor offers it for five pennies, but it must be bought along with a cock at twelve florins. She gives the five pennies to the poor and keeps the twelve florins. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 462; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 188 No. 370; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *2449.

K182.1. K182.1. Small niche in house brings large price. House sold reserving niche. This becomes such a nuisance that buyer pays heavily for it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K183. K183. Deceptive bargain: the ogre and the copper coins. Every time the copper coin is paid out, the ogre must make a new one. The man buys an extensive property and pays with a large number of copper coins. He threatens to buy another and the ogre goes back on his contract. Type 1182*.

K185. K185. Deceptive land purchase. (Dido.)

K185.1. K185.1. Deceptive land purchase: ox-hide measure. As much land bought as can be surrounded by an ox-hide. The hide is cut into very small strips. *Type 2400; *Basset Revue d‘ethnographie et des trad. pop. IV 97; Kцhler-Bolte II 319ff.; Katanoff “Tьrkische Sagen ьber Besitznahme v. Lдndern nach Art der Dido” Keleti Szemle III (1902) 173ff.; *Fb “ride” III 52b; Basset RTP VI 335, *VII 549, VIII 409; Rosiиres RTP VI 52; Sйbillot RTP V 186; Cordier RTP II 295, 354.--Icelandic: Gering Islendsk Жventyri (Halle, 1883) II 92ff., Herrmann Saxo II 656, Boberg; French: Sйbillot France IV 111, 180, 214; Estonian: Loorits, Some Notes on the Repertoire of the Estonian Folk-Tale, Tartu 1937, 23ff.; Greek: Aly Volksmдrchen bei Herodot 114, 117; Egyptian: Legrain Louqsor sans les Pharaons (Paris, 1914) 64; N. A. Indian (Wyandot): Barbeau GSCan XI 271 No. 91.

K185.2. K185.2. Deceptive land purchase: as much land as Vishnu can lie upon (or can step over in three steps). His worshippers claim for him the whole earth. Hindu: Keith 79.

K185.3. K185.3. Deceptive land purchase: boundary fixed by flight of a goose. Subject given as much land as a goose can fly over without lighting. The man carries the goose with its wings extended over an enormous territory. Harou RTP XXIII 169.

K185.4. K185.4. Deceptive land purchase: as much land as a shawl will cover. An immense shawl prepared. Harou RTP XXIII 169; Java: Bezemer Fabelen en Legenden 216ff.

K185.4.1. K185.4.1. Deceptive land purchase: as much land as can be covered by saint‘s hood. Only by snatching up hood does seller prevent it from covering whole territory. Irish myth: Cross.

K185.4.2. K185.4.2. Land grant: as much land as can be covered by saint’s mantle. Irish myth: Cross.

K185.5. K185.5. Deceptive land purchase: bounds fixed by a race. One man has supernatural speed. RTP XXI 166.

K185.6. K185.6. Deceptive land purchase: bounds fixed by throwing object (axe, spear). Thrower has extraordinary strength. RTP XVIII 222; Harou RTP XI 524.

K185.7. K185.7. Deceptive land purchase: as much land as can be surrounded in a certain time. Fb “ride” III 52b; Irish myth: *Cross.

K185.7.1. K185.7.1. Land bargain: land surrounded by a horse (cow) in one day. Fb “ride” III 52b; Harou RTP XIV 90; India: Thompson-Balys.

K185.7.2. K185.7.2. Land bargain: land ridden around during a sermon. *Fb “f[ц]l” I 400, “ride” III 52b.

K185.7.3. K185.7.3. Deceptive land purchase: king, as reward for help in winning battle, promises wounded chieftain as much land as his chariot can travel around; bribes charioteer to turn back whenever chieftain faints from loss of blood. Irish myth: Cross.

K185.8. K185.8. Land purchase: as much as can be plowed (fenced) in a certain time. *Fb “plove” II 850a, “ride” III 52b; cf. Olrik Danske Studier (1910) 4ff.; Icelandic: Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 446b nn. 450--454, Mac Culloch Eddic 181, Boberg; Frisian: Lьbbing Friesische Sagen 95.

K185.9. K185.9. Deceptive land purchase: fields that crackle when burnt are to be his. He puts bamboo on the fields before they are burnt so that they crackle. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 289.

K185.10. K185.10. Deceptive land purchase: as much land as can be shadowed by a tree. Bought just before sunset. Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: L. de Backer L’Archipel Indien (Paris, 1874) 334.

K185.11. K185.11. Deceptive land purchase: enough to raise certain plant. This is a rapidly spreading weed which overruns the country. Indonesia: Snouck Hurgronje De Atjиhers (Leiden, 1893) II 84.

K185.12. K185.12. Deceptive land purchase: saint‘s enemy promised as much land as he can see from certain point. Saint causes cloud to obstruct vision. Irish myth: Cross.

K185.12.1. K185.12.1. Land grant: as much land as can be seen on a clear day. Irish myth: Cross.

K185.12.2. K185.12.2. Land grant: as much land as can be seen from certain eminence. Irish myth: Cross.

K185.13. K185.13. Deceptive land bargain: saints agree that the one who casts his staff far enough to reach distant island shall be owner of land. Staff of one contestant transformed to spear (or dart) and so alone reaches island. When saint touches weapon, it becomes staff again. Irish myth: Cross.

K185.14. K185.14. Land grant: as far as ox can be heard. Irish myth: Cross.

K186. K186. Deceptive bargain with ogre: buying trees. Trees to be neither straight nor crooked. *Type 1048.

K187. K187. Strokes shared. The boy promises the soldier what the king has promised to give him. The soldier receives a beating in place of the boy. *Type 1610; **Reinhard JAFL XXXVI 380; *BP I 62; *Basset 1001 Contes I 321; Kцhler-Bolte I 495; *Chauvin V 282 No. 166; *Wesselski Mдrchen 202 No. 13; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 614; Hibbard 80 n. 3; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 161 No. 122.--English: Wells 161 (Sir Cleges); Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K188. K188. Stealing only a small amount. A man promises in confession to steal only a small amount. He steals a rope with a mare on the end of it. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 146 No. 1800A; West Indies: Flowers 498.

K191. K191. Peace between sheep and wolves. As hostages the dogs are handed over to the wolves; the young wolves to the sheep. The wolves then attack and kill the sheep. Ward II 320; *Herbert III 168f. No. 22; *Crane Vitry 152 No. 45; Wienert FFC LVI *50 (ET 96), 97 (ST 108); Halm Aesop No. 268; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 47.

K192. K192. The man helps the horse against the stag. The horse must agree to be saddled and bridled. The man then refuses to release him. Wienert FFC LVI *71 (ET 356), 108 (ST 208); Halm Aesop No. 175; Herbert III 9; Crane Vitry 182 No. 110; Jacobs Aesop 208 No. 33.

K193. K193. Deceptive bargain based on an unusual name. Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 498.

K193.1. K193.1. “Old Saddle” granted by the king. This is the name of an estate, which the king unwittingly gives away. Anderson FFC XLII 360; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *925.

K194. K194. Bargain: if the sun reverses its course. Because of an eclipse the sun is held to have done so, and Atreus becomes king. Greek: Fox 120.

K195. K195. A ribbon long enough to reach from ear to ear. The rascal has had an ear cut off and this is in a distant city. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 713.

K196. K196. Selling by trickery: literal bargain. (Cf. K134.1.)

K196.1. K196.1. Buying foxes “as they run”. Man sells three hundred foxes to buyer who agrees to “take them as they run”: reds, silvers, crosses. He gets a large payment to bind the bargain, waves his hand at the woods: “I sold them as they run; and they‘re running.” Canada: Baughman.

K196.2. K196.2. The tall hog. Man boasts of hog so big that a man could not reach its back if he holds his hand as high as possible. A stranger buys the hog, sight-unseen. The seller takes him to the hog, shows the buyer that the hog’s back is much below his hand when he holds it as high as possible. England: Baughman.

K196.3. K196.3. Trickster lends bamboo on condition that it is returned exactly as it is. India: Thompson-Balys.

K197. K197. Until the log burns out: time given servant for Christmas holidays. Soaks the log so that it burns a week. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 702.

K198. K198. Cheater is forced to eat excrements. Gentleman agrees to exchange his good horse for the peasant‘s jade, provided the peasant will eat its excrements. The peasant finds no difficulty in the task, whereas the gentleman, put to the same condition when he wants to get back his horse, finds it impossible. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1533*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1529 I*; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 324f. No. 48, FFC CXXVIII 271f. No. 170.

K199. K199. Other deceptive bargains.

K199.1. K199.1. Deceptive bargain: as much gold in reward as sticks to poet’s hair when poured over him: he smears it with tar. Icelandic: Boberg.

K200--K249.

K200--K249. DECEPTION IN PAYMENT OF DEBT

K200. K200. Deception in payment of debt.

K210. K210. Devil cheated of his promised soul. The man saves it through deceit. Irish: Beal XXI 312f., O’Suilleabhain 34, 36; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3390, Legends Nos. 490f., 749f.; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K211. K211. Devil cheated by imposing an impossible task. Type 1170--1199; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 636.

K211.1. K211.1. Devil is cheated by giving him task: counting the letters in the church Bible. He is unable to read the holy words. England: Baughman.

K212. K212. Devil cheated by being frightened. *Type 1145--1154; Irish: Beal XXI 311, O’Suilleabhain 33; India: Thompson-Balys.

K212.1. K212.1. Man whispers in devil‘s ear that his wife is approaching with her broom again. India: Thompson-Balys.

K213. K213. Devil pounded in knapsack until he releases man. *Type 330.

K214. K214. Devil’s magic power turned on himself. The hero who is riding the devil as a horse receives supernatural strength from plucking a hair from the devil‘s mane. He then spurs the devil until he agrees to forego his bargain for the man’s soul. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508A*.

K215. K215. Devil cheated by pretended hanging. The man has promised himself to the devil in return for money. He stuffs his clothes with straw and hangs them up. The devil thinks the man has hanged himself and is satisfied. Type 1190*.

K216. K216. Devil to release man for performing seemingly impossible task. The task is performed by trickery.

K216.1. K216.1. The evil woman in the glass case as the last commodity. The man is to belong to the devil as soon as he has sold his goods. If he has any goods that no one will buy, he is to be free. The man puts an evil old woman in a glass case. When the devil sees her, he recognizes her. “Whoever knows her will refuse to buy her.” The man goes free. *Type 1170.

K216.2. K216.2. Bringing the devil an unknown animal. The man sends his naked wife on all fours in tar and feathers. The devil has never seen such an animal. *Type 1091; *BP I 411, III 358; *Fb “pige” II 816a, “kjende” II 140, “tjжre” III 811a; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 755f.

K216.2.1. K216.2.1. Guessing name of devil‘s secret plant. The man’s wife in tar and feathers overhears the devil tell the secret name of the crop he has discovered (tobacco). The devil says to the supposed animal, “Get out of my tobacco!” Dh I 194; *BP I 411, III 358.

K216.3. K216.3. Not to sleep for three successive nights. The sleepy man: “I am just thinking, that on earth there are more crooked trees than straight ones ... more hills than plains ... more water than land ...” The devil goes to ascertain these things, meanwhile the man sleeps. Unsuccessful imitation by another man. Lithuanian: Balys Index. No. 813*.

K217. K217. Devil gets another soul instead of one bargained for. The devil bargains with a man for his soul, but the man fulfills his contract and escapes. In envy two persons commit suicide. The devil rejoices that though he lost one he has gained two. *Types 361, 362*; Russian: Andrejev No. 362.

K218. K218. Devil cheated by religious or magic means. Missouri French: Carriиre.

K218.1. K218.1. Devil cheated by having priest draw a sacred circle about the intended victim. Type 810; Irish: Beal XXI 309, O‘Suilleabhain 30; Scotland: Baughman.

K218.2. K218.2. Devil cheated of his victim by boy having a bible under his arm. *Type 400; U.S.: Baughman.

K218.3. K218.3. Devil cheated when his victim becomes a priest. *Type 811*; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 423; Russian: Andrejev No. 811.

K218.4. K218.4. Devil cheated of promised soul by intervention of Virgin Mary. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K218.5. K218.5. The picture of the Virgin Mary saves the priest. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3268, Legends No. 410ff.

K218.6. K218.6. Penance of priest saves him from devil. The priest, who sold his soul to the devil, orders his servant to cut him (alive) up into pieces, to crucify him on a tree (and the like), thus saves his soul from the devils. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3267, Legends Nos. 405--409.

K218.7. K218.7. Devil is unable to take man contracted to him when friends pray over the corpse. Scotland: *Baughman.

K219. K219. Other ways of cheating the devil of his promised soul. U.S., England, Wales: Baughman.

K219.1. K219.1. Devil cheated of his promised soul by making the intended victim drunk. The devil may punish the drunk man’s body but has no power over his soul. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 522.

K219.2. K219.2. Devil cheated of his promised soul when the victim sells his to a comrade. The latter says, “The devil can take only one soul from each person. I bought the soul so that when he comes I can give him one and still save my own.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 279.

K219.3. K219.3. God cheats the devil of his promised soul. The devil is to fill a cask full of money. God knocks the bottom out of the cask. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 91 No. 773B.

K219.4. K219.4. Devil is to get soul of man whether he is buried “inside or outside of church, above or below ground.” The man has himself buried in the wall of the church, partly in and partly out of the ground. (Cf. H1052.) England: *Baughman.

K219.5. K219.5. Man cheats devil by giving him sole instead of soul. (Cf. E459.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

K219.6. K219.6. Devil gets an animal in place of a human being. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3285, Legends Nos. 472, 489.

K219.7. K219.7. Devil gets a flea instead of man‘s soul. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 751.

K220. K220. Payment precluded by terms of the bargain. India: Thompson-Balys.

K221. K221. Payment to be made at harvest of first crop. The man plants acorns. *Type 1185; cf. 1184; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 382; German: Schambach und Mьller Niedersдchsische Sagen und Mдrchen No. 170.

K222. K222. Payment to be made when last leaf falls. The last leaf never falls from the oak tree. *Type 1184; *BP III 14, 200; Dh I 179; *Krappe Balor 154ff.; *Fb “djжvel” I 189a, “lшv” II 518; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 152 No. 79.

K223. K223. The level bushel. The student is to come into the devil’s power if at the end of a year he does not at least return for the heaping bushel of gold a level one. The student forthwith hands back the level bushel and keeps the surplus. *Type 1182; *BP III 14 n. 3, 364.

K224. K224. To owe sixteen florins. Horse bought on condition that the buyer pay ten florins and owe sixteen. In court the buyer insists on the bargain and shows that if he pays the sixteen florins which he owes he will break the bargain, for then he would no longer owe. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 110; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K226. K226. The debt will be returned to the devil when the pigs walk instead of run home. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1183A*.

K230. K230. Other deceptions in the payment of debt.

K231. K231. Debtor refuses to pay his debt.

K231.1. K231.1. Refusal to perform part in mutual agreement.

K231.1.1. K231.1.1. Mutual agreement to sacrifice family members in famine. Trickster refuses to carry out his part of the bargain. Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 109; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Meinhof 200, (Ekoi): Talbot 337, (Nigeria): Tremaine FL XXI 492, (Vandau): Curtis Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent (New York, 1920) 44; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 230ff. Nos. 39, 40, 41; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 241 No. 14; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 109 n. 2; West Indies: Flowers 499ff.

K231.1.2. K231.1.2. Mutual agreement to divide food. Trickster eats other‘s food and then refuses to divide his own. Christiansen FFC XXIV 46; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 501.

K231.1.3. K231.1.3. The dog refuses to help the wolf. A farmer plans to kill a faithful old dog. The wolf makes a plan to save the dog. The latter is to rescue the farmer’s child from the wolf. The plan succeeds and the dog is rewarded. The wolf in return wants to steal the farmer‘s sheep. The dog refuses his assistance. *Type 101; Japanese: Ikeda.

K231.2. K231.2. Reward for accomplishment of task deceptively withheld. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 81, 94 (Herakles); India: Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/420).

K231.2.1. K231.2.1. Dancers given one coin instead of ten and have this taken away. Interpreter says they are complaining that the coin is bad. India: Thompson-Balys.

K231.3. K231.3. Refusal to make sacrifice after need is past. In distress a person promises a sacrifice to a god (saint) but disregards the promise when the danger passes. Wienert FFC LVI 78f. (ET 438, 448), 139 (ST 442); Halm Aesop Nos. 49, 58; *Crane Vitry 177 No. 102; Herbert III 8, 36; Scala Celi 56b. No. 316; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 305; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 501.

K231.3.1. K231.3.1. Sailor offers saint a candle as large as a mast. But he knows that after the storm he will not try to find such a candle. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 304; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K231.3.2. K231.3.2. Golden lamb promised to goddess. Common lamb sacrificed. Greek: Fox 120 (Atreus).

K231.3.3. K231.3.3. The sacrifice of the cock is at last carried out. Postponed until a hawk carries off the cock. Then the woman says, “O holy St. Martin, I have long owed you a living sacrifice. Take the cock as sacrifice, and may it be pleasing to you.” Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 320.

K231.3.4. K231.3.4. Horse withheld as sacrifice to a saint refuses to move. The deceiver takes the horse to the church planning to remove him again, but the horse will not stir until a money equivalent has been paid. Wesselski Bebel II 157 No. 179.

K231.3.5. K231.3.5. Sick man offers deity 100 bulls for recovery. When reminded that he does not own so many bulls he explains that he doesn’t expect the deity to come to enforce payment. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K231.4. K231.4. Payment of money to the devil impossible, since debtor learns that the devil is dead. Type 822*; Russian: Andrejev No. 822*.

K231.5. K231.5. Debt with worthless bond repudiated.

K231.5.1. K231.5.1. A man bonds his loyalty. When the debt is due he offers the creditor his loyalty. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 568.

K231.5.2. K231.5.2. Hogs used as a mortgage collateral. (Ground hogs.) U.S.: Baughman.

K231.6. K231.6. False offer to return goods in place of payment.

K231.6.1. K231.6.1. Milk bought on credit poured into one container. The trickster buys it from various women. After it is all poured together he says that each may have her own back. *Pauli (ed Bolte) No. 644.

K231.6.1.1. K231.6.1.1. Order to put a small vessel of milk into huge container. Shrewd group each by himself pours water thinking this will not be detected if the others pour milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

K231.6.2. K231.6.2. Trickster gets strong drink by trickery in returning goods.

K231.6.2.1. K231.6.2.1. Trickster returns a bottle of water instead of the bottle of rum he has just purchased. French (literary), U.S.: Baughman.

K231.6.2.2. K231.6.2.2. Trickster fills his gallon jug half full of water, then has it filled with rum at the store. When seller refuses credit, he pours back half gallon of the liquid--now half rum and half water. Sometimes trickster repeats operation, getting richer mixture with each transaction. U.S.: *Baughman.

K231.7. K231.7. Debtor tells creditor that he has had his reward in the hope of payment. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 741.

K231.8. K231.8. Toad receives water from frog; refuses earth in return. Herbert III 49, 93.

K231.9. K231.9. Servant refused payment because of single mistake. India: Thompson-Balys.

K231.10. K231.10. Man refuses to pay murderer for killing and kills him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K231.11. K231.11. Fish promised in return for bacon. Later: “Drink up the river, you shall then have fish. All the fishes there are mine.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1634; Russian: Andrejev No. *2104.

K231.12. K231.12. Debt to be paid “tomorrow”. Tomorrow never comes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K231.12.1. K231.12.1. “Come tomorrow”. The devil keeps calling daily until the gate with the inscription rots. He then claims his debtor. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1183*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1183*.

K231.13. K231.13. Agreement to leave sum of money on coffin of friend. One puts on his share in cash; other makes out a check for the total amount and takes cash left by the other. U.S.: *Baughman.

K231.14. K231.14. To pay beggar for standing in tank all night. Beggar sees lights in temple. Payment refused since beggar has thus warmed himself. India: Thompson-Balys.

K231.15. K231.15. Trickster cheats by pretending deafness. Palm rat, when asked to throw down nuts according to bargain, replies that he is deaf when eating. Africa: Weeks Jungle 400.

K232. K232. Refusal to return borrowed goods. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 68, 375, (Hottentot): Bleek 50 No. 24, (Benga): Nassau 198 No. 29; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 349 No. 61.

K232.1. K232.1. By using verse with double meaning man appropriates borrowed goods. India: Thompson-Balys.

K232.2. K232.2. One day and one night: object borrowed for a day and a night retained. Irish myth: Cross.

K232.2.1. K232.2.1. Fairy (god?) loses stronghold by consenting to lend it for “a day and a night.” Irish myth: *Cross.

K233. K233. Trickster escapes without paying. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K233.1. K233.1. Bird has new clothes made: flies away without paying. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 37 No. 244; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K233.2. K233.2. Drinkers argue about who is to pay. They blindfold the bartender who is to catch one of them; the one who is caught will have to pay. While the bartender is blindfolded, the drinkers leave the tavern. England: Baughman.

K233.3. K233.3. Boots made by two cobblers. Trickster sends one of each pair back to be stretched, leaves town with pair of boots made up of the remaining boots. England: Baughman.

K233.4. K233.4. Man orders a bottle of beer, then returns it and takes a loaf of bread instead. He refuses to pay for the bread because he has returned the beer undrunk. He refuses to pay for the beer because he has not drunk it. U.S.: Baughman.

K233.5. K233.5. Jackal refuses payment for being carried. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K233.6. K233.6. Healer to take payment in satisfaction at patient‘s recovery. India: Thompson-Balys.

K233.7. K233.7. Goods received on partial payment. Buyer refuses to pay more. India: Thompson-Balys.

K233.8. K233.8. Woman promises marriage for pair of earrings: she escapes with them. India: Thompson-Balys.

K234. K234. Trickster summons all creditors at once, precipitates fight, and escapes payment. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 258 No. 45.

K234.1. K234.1. King promises valuable dog to each of two powerful and mutually hostile tribes. At feast prepared by king the two tribes get into fight and king escapes. Irish myth: *Cross.

K235. K235. Creditor killed or driven away.

K235.1. K235.1. Fox is promised chickens: is driven off by dogs. Type 154; *Krohn Mann und Fuchs 11.

K235.1.1. K235.1.1. Husband promises a cow to tiger; wife frightens the tiger away. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K235.2. K235.2. Thor is to give his hammer in return for Freyja as wife. He masks as a woman and kills the giant who is to receive the hammer. *DeVries Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde XLVII 293ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

K235.3. K235.3. Man cheats devil of reward: to have man if he gets him at first grasp. Man holds cat which flies in devil‘s face. (Cf. K210.) French: Sйbillot France IV 182.

K235.4. K235.4. Conquered warrior kills victor instead of paying. Icelandic: Boberg.

K236. K236. Literal payment of debt (not real).

K236.1. K236.1. Fifty ships promised. Forty-nine are moulded out of earth. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 179 n. 3.

K236.2. K236.2. Drinking only after a bargain. A woman having thus sworn keeps buying and selling the same mule many times a day. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 306; Scala Celi 81a No. 463; *Crane Vitry 255 No. 277; Herbert III 24.

K236.3. K236.3. Tribute paid in enchanted snow. After payment, snow takes proper form. Irish myth: *Cross.

K236.3.1. K236.3.1. Saint ransoms prince for much gold and silver. Later all the money vanishes. Saint replies that since the money had been created from nothing, it had simply to return to that state. *Loomis White Magic 127.

K236.4. K236.4. Literal fulfillment of marriage contract. Man to be released when earth is placed at his head (buried). Dies in grave. Irish myth: Cross.

K237. K237. Trickster disguises himself and escapes notice of creditors. *Wesselski Gonnella 104 No. 6.

K238. K238. Deceptive respite in payment obtained.

K238.1. K238.1. Creditor to wait till debtor is shaved. The debtor refuses to finish shaving. Wesselski Bebel I 227 No. 132.

K238.2. K238.2. Man who owes 1000 ducats has his creditor arrested for owing him ten. Thus he hopes to postpone payment of his own debt. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K239. K239. Refusal to tell about the Rhine treasure, though condition demanded is fulfilled when the only one who knows where it is is killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

K241. K241. The castration bargain: wife sent. The trickster castrates the dupe and is to come the next day and be castrated himself. He sends his wife as substitute. *Types 153, 1133; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 441, (1928) 276--81.

K242. K242. Creditor falsely reported insane when he demands money. *Wesselski Arlotto II 225 No. 92; Gonnella 98 No. 2; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1525L*; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K245. K245. King promises beggars new clothes: burns their old and gets much gold and silver. Keeps it. Wesselski Theorie 15; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K246. K246. Death feigned to avoid paying debts. Pierre Faifeu No. 36; India: Thompson-Balys.

K247. K247. Customer takes invitation to buy as invitation to receive the goods free. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

K248. K248. Payment evaded by setting countertasks. India: Thompson-Balys.

K249. K249. Deceptions in payment of debt--miscellaneous.

K249.1. K249.1. Devil loses his grain and gets thistles. God grants the devil one grain crop, which he can create by calling its name. The devil is tricked into forgetting the name and calling “Thistles”. Hence his crop is of thistles. Dh I 185ff.

K249.2. K249.2. Payment of the egg-white. A man dreams of an egg hanging under his bed. An interpreter demands half of what he finds as his fee for interpreting the dream. The man finds that the egg is a silver cup filled with gold crowns. He gives the interpreter part of the cup but none of the gold. The interpreter says, “He gave me some of the egg-white but none of the yolk.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 616.

K249.3. K249.3. Pseudo-magic money-dropping ass beaten to death by buyer; cheat says: “Return my ass, I shall return your money.” India: Thompson-Balys.

K249.4. K249.4. Payment in worthless goods which are alleged to be valuable goods transformed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K250. K250. Other deceptive bargains.

K251. K251. Deceptive damage claims.

K251.1. K251.1. The eaten grain and the cock as damages. A trickster has only a grain of corn; this is eaten by a cock, which he demands and receives as damages. Likewise when a hog eats the cock and the ox eats the hog. *Type 1655; *BP II 201; *DeVries Volksverhalen II 381 No. 145; India: Thompson-Balys; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 176 No. 24; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII *262 No. 63.

K251.2. K251.2. Trickster demands return of food guest has just eaten: gets damages. India: Thompson-Balys.

K251.3. K251.3. Damages claimed for loss of a charm. Princess lets trickster’s fly (alleged to be a charm) escape. India: Thompson-Balys.

K251.4. K251.4. Damages for supposedly lost horse. Horse concealed by owner in loft of stable at inn. Pierre Faifeu No. 46.

K251.5. K251.5. Damages for accidentally broken water pot: to pay for elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

K251.6. K251.6. Payment to lame man who claims that man‘s father lamed him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K252. K252. Selling oneself and escaping. *Type 700; BP I 389; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K252.1. K252.1. Deceptive sale of another as slave. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K253. K253. Profitable league made with both parties to a quarrel. Africa (Fang): Nassau 242 No. 9.

K254. K254. Goods misappropriated.

K254.1. K254.1. Dog as wolf’s shoemaker eats up the materials. Devours the cow, hog, etc. furnished him. Type 102.

K254.2. K254.2. Trickster eats sacrifice offerings. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1867. K1867. Trickster shams death and eats grave offerings.

K255. K255. Exorbitant price demanded and received.

K255.1. K255.1. Charging thirty cakes for cooking twenty-five. India: Thompson-Balys.

K255.2. K255.2. Crab demands seven patas as payment for four patas of paddy frog has borrowed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K255.3. K255.3. Crow demands young swan in payment for helping swan find feed for its young. India: Thompson-Balys.

K255.4. K255.4. Camel has offered one pound of flesh to jackal for help. Camel‘s tongue demanded. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K256. K256. Deceptive wages.

K256.1. K256.1. Deceptive wages: as much rice as will go on a leaf. Lotus leaf used. India: Thompson-Balys.

K256.2. K256.2. Deceptive wages: two grains and land to plant them on. Grain multiplies and takes up all of dupe‘s land. India: Thompson-Balys.

K258. K258. Stolen property sold to its owner. *Type 1544.

K258.1. K258.1. Trickster steals farmer’s cow and then sells her to the farmer. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 710.

K258.2. K258.2. Merchant buys the same article several times from the same or different seller. U.S.: *Baughman.

K261. K261. The price of a lump of gold. A trickster asks a goldsmith what he would pay for a lump of gold of a certain size. Believing that the man has such a lump, the goldsmith pays him a large sum. Type 1541****.

K261.1. K261.1. The price of mink skins. Man asks peddler what he pays for mink skins. Peddler says he will pay ten dollars. The man tosses a skin into the cart, receives ten dollars. The next day the peddler protests that the man has sold him a cat skin. The man says that he had not said that the skin was a mink skin and that, anyway, the cat‘s name had been “Mink.” U.S.: Baughman.

K262. K262. The priest made sick of his bargain: three words at the grave. A poor man in return for a steer gets permission from the priest to speak three words at the burial of his enemy, the rich man. Priest: “From earth are you come.” Man: “Now the steer is dead.” Priest: “In earth shall you remain.” Man: “Father, do you want the meat?” Priest: “I wish you were in hell!” etc. Danish: Kristensen Vore Fжdres Kirketjeneste 139ff.; 152ff.

K262.1. K262.1. Devil is made sick of his bargain. Devil helps shepherd boy become a minister on condition that he mention Satan by name each time he enters pulpit. Boy consents but does so in such a way that devil begs to abolish the agreement. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 11 No. 87.

K263. K263. Agreement not to scratch. In talking the trickster makes gestures and scratches without detection. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 310 n. 2; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 701; India: Thompson-Balys; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 214 No. 37, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 218; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 36 No. 29; West Indies: Flowers 502.

K264. K264. Deceptive wager.

K264.1. K264.1. Deceptive wager: whose horse will jump highest. The trickster has his worthless horse jump out the window. The duke will not let his run the risk. *Wesselski Gonnella 131 No. 25; England: Baughman.

K264.2. K264.2. Deceptive wager: cat to carry lantern into room. (Has been specially trained.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K265. K265. The fee used up before the main question is reached. A man with an unsolved question seeks the help of a wit. The latter refuses to answer unless paid. He takes small fees for each easy question leading up to the principal question. Before reaching that point the fee is exhausted, and the question remains unanswered. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 214 No. 39.

K266. K266. New bags for old! Recovery of the old bag (containing money or having magic power) which the stupid wife has given away. The husband exchanges a new bag for it. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 201 No. 393; Chauvin V 64 n. 1.

K275. K275. Counting out pay. Hole in the hat and hat over a pit. *Type 1130; *BP III 421; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 752.

K278. K278. Dupe denied food until hands are clean. Grass burned around food makes continued washings unavailing. Africa (Zezuru): Posselt Fables of the Veld (London, 1929) 110 (Northern Rhodesia): Worthington The Little Wise One (London, 1930) 25ff., (Nyanja): Rattray Some Folk-Lore Stories ... in Chinyanja (London, 1907) 145f. No. 22, (Namwanga): Dewar Chinamwanga Stories (Livingstonia, 1900) 47, (Fang): Anthropos XXVIII 292 No. 7, (Bulu): Krug JAFL XXV 114, (Mossi, Nioniossee, Samo, Yarse, Silmi-Mossi, Fulah): Tauxier Le Noir du Yatenga (Paris, 1917) 458f. No. 59.

K282. K282. Trickster sells what is not his to sell.

K282.1. K282.1. Man contracts for load of hay on the road (without making any payment), orders the seller to deliver it at a certain inn. He then goes to the inn, sells the hay to the innkeeper, and pockets the money. The owner of the hay delivers it at the inn, tries to collect at the inn; the trickster absconds. England: Baughman.

K283. K283. Trickster persuades girl to reveal hidden gold by promising to make it into ornaments. India: Thompson-Balys.

K285. K285. To keep first thing touched. Wealth (or woman) is on platform. First thing touched is ladder leading up. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K286. K286. Reduced prices but false weights. India: Thompson-Balys.

K287. K287. Watered milk sold. India: Thompson-Balys.

K300--K499.

K300--K499. Thefts and cheats.

K300. K300. Thefts and cheats--general. *Bloomfield Am. J. of Philology XLIV 97ff., 193ff., XLVII 205 ff.; *Penzer II 183ff.; *Chauvin VII 134 No. 403 n. 1; Fb “rшver”.

K300.1. K300.1. Stolen cows cause a war. India: Thompson-Balys.

K301. K301. Master thief. Man undertakes to steal various closely guarded things. Succeeds by cleverness. *Type 1525; *BP III 379; *Fb “stjжle” III 575b; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 850; Werner Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIX 71ff.; Wesselski Theorie 17f. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 7; Greek: *Frazer Pausanias IV 192; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries Volksverhalen II 385 No. 157; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 71f.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 349--51, 446f.; Africa: Weeks Jungle 43, (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 65, (Cameroon): Lederbogen 129f.

K301.1. K301.1. Youth learns robbery as a trade: boasts of it. *Type 1525; BP III 379ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K301.2. K301.2. Family of thieves. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K302. K302. Female master thief. *BP III 36; Chauvin V 245 No. 147; Japanese: Ikeda.

K302.1. K302.1. Courtesan runs away with men’s goods. (Cf. K306.3.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 350f.

K304. K304. Nations of thieves. Jewish: Neuman.

K305. K305. Contest in stealing. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K305.1. K305.1. Thieving contest: first steals eggs from under bird; second meantime steals first‘s breeches. BP III 393 n. 1.

K305.2. K305.2. Friends enter into stealing contest. Steal from each other. (Cf. K306.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K305.3. K305.3. Youths execute a series of clever thefts. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K306. K306. Thieves steal from each other. (Cf. K305.2.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 446.

K306.1. K306.1. The stolen and restolen ham. Two thieves steal a ham from a former companion who has married, have it stolen back, and resteal it. (Cf. K341.7.1, K362.4.) *Gering Islendzk Жventyri (Halle, 1883) II 210ff.; *DeVries Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal; en Letterkunde XLV 213ff.

K306.2. K306.2. Highjacking. Thief robbed of his booty. Scotch: Campbell-McKay No. 27.

K306.3. K306.3. Man is robbed of gold chain while with prostitute. He swallows her string of pearls in revenge. (Cf. K302.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K306.4. K306.4. Blind man steals from neighbor who in turn steals from him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K307. K307. Thieves betray each other. *BP III 393.

K307.1. K307.1. One thief hides in money bag; other carries it off. India: Thompson-Balys.

K307.2. K307.2. One thief entrusted with other thieves‘ money cheats them. India: Thompson-Balys.

K308. K308. Youngest brother surpasses elder as thief. Type 1525*; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 140 No. 1654.

K310--K439.

K310--K439. THEFTS

K310. K310. Means of entering house or treasury.

K311. K311. Thief in disguise. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 23; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.0.1. K311.0.1. Thief dressed half white, half black. His father‘s corpse is guarded by twenty knights in black and twenty in white. By disguising he steals back the corpse. *Type 950; *BP III 395; *Kцhler-Bolte I 200; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K311.1. K311.1. Thief disguised as corpse. In the shroud of the supposed dead man is hidden another robber. *Type 966*; India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.1.1. K311.1.1. Sham dead man brought in sack by confederate. Is killed by his intended victim. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K311.2. K311.2. Thief disguised as angel. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “ange”.

K311.3. K311.3. Thief disguises voice and is allowed access to goods (children). Type 123, BP I 37ff.; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 118, (Zulu): Callaway 144, (Basuto): Jacottet 62ff.; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 236ff. Nos. 40, 42, 43; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 116 No. 91.

K311.4. K311.4. Thief becomes monk in order to rob monastery. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K311.4.1. K311.4.1. Thief disguised as yogi. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.5. K311.5. Thief disguised as demon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K311.6. K311.6. Thief takes form of animal. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K311.6.1. K311.6.1. Robber disguised as bear is killed. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K311.6.2. K311.6.2. Man allows himself to be carried off by monkeys, who mistake him for cow: steals their magic cups. Chinese: Graham.

K311.6.3. K311.6.3. Thief disguised as parrot. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.6.4. K311.6.4. Magician transforms self into crocodile to steal. Africa (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 204.

K311.6.5. K311.6.5. Thief disguised as pig. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

K311.7. K311.7. Thieves disguised as interior decorators. Steal hangings in palace. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K311.8. K311.8. Theft by disguise as son of owner. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.8.1. K311.8.1. Thief disguised as owner‘s wife. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K311.8.2. K311.8.2. Thief in disguise as long lost son-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.8.3. K311.8.3. Thief pretends to be girl’s bridegroom and calls for her. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K311.8.4. K311.8.4. Thief in clothes of owner. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.8.5. K311.8.5. Theft by disguise as owner‘s grandmother. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.9. K311.9. Thieves disguised as fine gentlemen steal provost’s purse. Are admitted to court without question. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 80.

K311.10. K311.10. Theft by disguising as palace official. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.11. K311.11. Thieves disguised as musicians. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

K311.12. K311.12. Thief disguised as menial. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K311.12.1. K311.12.1. Thief disguised as owner‘s cook. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K311.12.2. K311.12.2. Theft by disguise as woman servant. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.13. K311.13. Theft by disguise as barber. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.14. K311.14. Theft by disguise as merchant (or peddler). India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.15. K311.15. Thief in disguise as god. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.16. K311.16. Thief disguised as girl. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1836. K1836. Disguise of man in woman’s dress.

K311.16.1. K311.16.1. Thief disguised as old woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

K311.16.2. K311.16.2. Thief in the clothes of robbed bride kills bridegroom. Icelandic: Boberg.

K311.17. K311.17. Thief disguised as beggar. India: Thompson-Balys.

K312. K312. Thieves hidden in oil casks. In one cask is oil; in the others the robbers are hidden. The girl kills them. *Type 954; *Penzer I 133 n. 1; *Fb “kiste” II 134; Chauvin V 83 n. 3; *Basset 1001 Contes II 302; *Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 432; Missouri French: Carriиre; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 391.

K312.1. K312.1. Thief hidden in cage that is carried into house. India: Thompson-Balys.

K312.2. K312.2. Entry by master thief into closely guarded city in wood-gatherer‘s basket. India: Thompson-Balys.

K314. K314. Trickster feigns being pursued by drunken husband to obtain entrance. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K315. K315. Thief enters treasury through secret passage.

K315.0.1. K315.0.1. Underground passage gives entrance to closed chamber. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K315.1. K315.1. Thief enters treasury through passage made by him as architect of the building. *Type 950; *BP III 394; Kцhler-Bolte I 200; *Chauvin VIII 186; **Huet RTP XXXIII 1, 109, 253; *Frazer Pausanias V 176ff.; Penzer V 245, *X 285; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K315.2. K315.2. Thief bores hole in house wall, then introduces blackened pot as a feeler. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K315.3. K315.3. Thieves enter palace through hole in wall and abduct new bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

K316. K316. Theft through chimney.

K316.1. K316.1. Theft from giant by fishing through chimney. Type 328; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 45.

K317. K317. Thief copies key by making wax impression. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 312 No. 68; India: Thompson-Balys.

K317.1. K317.1. Thief enters by burning off locks. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K317.2. K317.2. Entrance into wine cellar by removing lock during absence of mother. Pierre Faifeu No. 7.

K318. K318. Watchdog enticed away. Trickster brings rabbit under his coat. When the king‘s watchdog gives chase the trickster enters and robs. DeVries FFC LXXIII 208f.

K321. K321. Thief learns location of dupe’s food supply by strewing ashes. Fills the dupe‘s bag with ashes and cuts a hole in the bag. Africa (Benga): Nassau 155, 204 Nos. 19, 32, (Ekoi): Talbot 57, 62, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 51 No. 6, 83 No. 13; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 248 No. 24; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 12ff. No. 2.

K321.1. K321.1. Girl made to carry shell from which ashes fall: she is thus followed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K322. K322. Theft of gold hoard by spying on secret hiding place. India: Thompson-Balys.

K323. K323. Thief pretends to return grass that has stuck to his clothes to ground where it belongs. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

K324. K324. Theft by use of coat of invisibility. (Cf. D1361.12.) Chinese: Graham.

K325. K325. Thief feigns illness to be taken in victim’s house. (Cf. K341.2.2.1.) Ransacks it while “recovering.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K330. K330. Means of hoodwinking the guardian or owner.

K330.1. K330.1. Man gulled into giving up his clothes. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 199 (occurs in most versions).

K331. K331. Goods stolen while owner sleeps. Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 350; Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 270; West Indies: Flowers 503.

K331.1. K331.1. Sleeping with open eyes. The man claims to sleep thus and beguiles the ogre into sleeping, so as to rob him. Type 1140*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1140.

K331.2. K331.2. Owner put to sleep and goods stolen. Magic or drugs. Dickson 63, 67 n. 13, 68 n. 15; Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 107; Finnish: Kalevala rune 42; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1142).

K331.2.1. K331.2.1. Master thief puts watchers to sleep and cuts off their hair. (Cf. K301.) *Fischer and Bolte 215; India: Thompson-Balys.

K331.2.1.1. K331.2.1.1. Theft after putting owner to sleep by lousing her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K331.2.1.2. K331.2.1.2. Master thief puts guards to sleep and steals meat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K331.2.2. K331.2.2. Guards fatigued by trickster so that they sleep while goods are stolen. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 179.

K331.3. K331.3. Worthless object (animal) substituted for valuable while owner sleeps. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hottentot): Held 21ff.

K331.4. K331.4. Mouse‘s tail in mouth of sleeping owner causes him to cough up magic object. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 134ff. No. 13.

K331.5. K331.5. Trickster steals magic doll while owner is asleep. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K331.6. K331.6. The foolishly concealed money: A man hangs a bag of money in the top of a high tree. Servant sleeping with him steals it. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1858*.

K331.7. K331.7. Thief lies down in the space between the king‘s and the queen’s bed and steals jewelry from both. India: Thompson-Balys.

K332. K332. Theft by making owner drunk. *Type 1525A; BP III 379ff.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 850; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 297.

K332.1. K332.1. Theft by giving narcotic to guardian of goods. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 225.

K333. K333. Theft from blind person. India: *Thompson-Balys; Oceanic (New Zealand, Tahiti, Mangaia, Hawaii, Melanesia, Micronesia, Indonesia): Dixon 46, 59, 65; Maori: Clark 160; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 230; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/931).

K333.1. K333.1. Blind Dupe. A blind man’s arrow is aimed for him by his mother (or wife) who deceives him into thinking that he has missed his aim. She eats the slain game herself. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 78, 202; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 278.

K333.2. K333.2. Theft from three old women who have but a single eye among them. The hero seizes their eye. *BP IV 112 n. 5; *Frazer Apollodorus I 155 n. 4.

K333.3. K333.3. Buzzard steals coyote’s eyes, while he is throwing them up in the air. N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 36.

K333.4. K333.4. Blind beggar overheard telling that his money is kept in a stick. Thief exchanges sticks. India: Thompson-Balys.

K333.5. K333.5. Theft by blinding with pepper. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux 125.

K334. K334. Owner gives up goods through flattery. India: Thompson-Balys.

K334.1. K334.1. The raven with cheese in his mouth. The fox flatters him into singing, so that he drops the cheese. *Type 57; *Basset RTP VI 244 n. 4; Crane Vitry 172 No. 91; Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 121), 97 (ST 115); Halm Aesop 204; *Chauvin III 76 No. 49; Jacobs Aesop 202 No. 8; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 17 No. 11. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 29 No. 12.

K334.2. K334.2. Goat induces the camel to talk and meanwhile eats all the food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K335. K335. Thief frightens owner from goods. Type 1166**; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109b; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 278, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 52 No. 6, (Wakweli): Bender 63; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 98 No. 20, Nights 61 No. 12.

K335.0.1. K335.0.1. Owner frightened from goods by report of approaching enemy. *Type 328; BP III 83f.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K335.0.2. K335.0.2. Owners frightened away from goods by report of deadly epidemic. Poor parson thus rids himself of unwelcome guests; they leave food they have brought. *Wesselski Arlotto II 217 No. 81.

K335.0.2.1. K335.0.2.1. Thieves steal pig and make it impersonate person with plague. Owner and family flee. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K335.0.3. K335.0.3. Trickster quarrels with owner of goods, feigns death, and frightens owner away. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 255 No. 35.

K335.0.4. K335.0.4. Owner frightened away from goods by a bluff. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K335.0.4.1. K335.0.4.1. Dupe, made to believe that trickster becomes a wolf when he yawns three times, flees and leaves his clothes behind him. *Wesselski Gonnella 103 No. 5; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K335.0.4.2. K335.0.4.2. Porcupine, made to believe that rabbit‘s ears are horns, flees and leaves food behind. Africa (Nuba): McDiarmid Sudan Notes and Records X 229f.

K335.0.5. K335.0.5. Owner frightened from goods by apparitions of the dead. (Cf. K335.1.2.)

K335.0.5.1. K335.0.5.1. Thief places candles on crabs (bugs). When they are turned loose in the churchyard the parson and the sexton think that they are the souls of the dead. Meanwhile the thief steals from them. *Type 1740; *BP III 388; Italian Novella: *Rotunda (K2334).

K335.0.5.2. K335.0.5.2. Thief frightens priest as the latter crosses cemetery. Meanwhile a confederate steals his chickens. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K335.0.6. K335.0.6. Owner frightened from goods by trickster’s ferocious animal. Pretended dog is really a lion. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 388 No. 14.

K335.0.7. K335.0.7. Thief frightens away guards of his father‘s corpse by impersonating demons. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K335.0.8. K335.0.8. Town crier is frightened by the voice of a cleric robbing a grave. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K335.0.9. K335.0.9. Delivery boy is frightened into giving up his chickens. Trickster upturns his eyelids and puts on boar’s tusks. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K335.0.10. K335.0.10. Trickster lights torches and bluffs old woman into giving him money. Torches alleged to belong to man coming to collect damages from her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K335.0.11. K335.0.11. Servants frightened by ferocious actions of robbers; give up masters‘ food. Pierre Faifeu No. 13.

K335.0.12. K335.0.12. Owner frightened away by thief disguised as devil. Pierre Faifeu No. 33.

K335.0.13. K335.0.13. Owner frightened from goods by trickster’s summons of wild buffalo herd. India: Thompson-Balys.

K335.1. K335.1. Robbers frightened from goods. Trickster steals the goods. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 211 No. 428, 215 No. 446; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.0.1. K335.1.0.1. Frightened robber leaves his coat behind. Chauvin II 83 No. 5; Bшdker Exempler 273 No. 6.

K335.1.1. K335.1.1. Object falls on robbers from tree. They flee and leave money. India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 144, 147 No. 64.

N331.2.1. Man hidden in tree so frightened of lioness he drops his sword and kills her.

K335.1.1.1. K335.1.1.1. Door falls on robbers from tree. They flee and leave money. *Types 1650, 1653; *BP I 520; *Kцhler-Bolte I 71, 99, 337, 341; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 182 No. 345; *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 194; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 350; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 306; N. A. Indian (Malecite): Speck JAFL XXX 484.

K335.1.1.2. K335.1.1.2. Cow-hide falls on robbers from tree. They flee and leave money. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.1.3. K335.1.1.3. Person falls from tree on robbers. They flee and leave money. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.2. K335.1.2. Robbers frightened from goods by the dead. (Cf. K335.0.5.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.2.1. K335.1.2.1. Corpse thrown among robbers frightens them from treasure. *Type 1653B.

K335.1.2.2. K335.1.2.2. Robbers frightened from goods by sham-dead man. Type 1654**; DeVries Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde XLV 213; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 211 No. 429; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1654*, 1654A; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1654*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1654*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 130 No. 1532, 137 No. 1654*, 142 No. 1716*; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

K335.1.3. K335.1.3. Robbers frightened from goods by man’s outcry. Trickster hits a slain ox and cries out, “Those others did it!” The thieves flee and leave their treasure. Type 1525D; India: Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.4. K335.1.4. Animals climb on one another‘s backs and cry out; frighten robbers. *Type 130; *Aarne FFC XI 112; India: Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.4.1. K335.1.4.1. Animals cry out; frighten robbers. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

K335.1.5. K335.1.5. Robber frightened from his goods by playing of bagpipe. Type 1706*.

K335.1.6. K335.1.6. Robbers frightened from goods by hidden man. Type 1875; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.6.1. K335.1.6.1. Thieves steal chest containing hidden paramour. Are frightened away by his outcry. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K335.1.6.2. K335.1.6.2. Robbers frightened from goods by Thumbling. They can hear him but cannot see him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K335.1.6.3. K335.1.6.3. The thief in the beehive. Other thieves come to steal the bees, take the heaviest hive to the forest and make a fire under it. They flee when they hear a man screaming in the beehive. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1887*.

K335.1.7. K335.1.7. Guardian beast overcome by hero’s mirrors. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K335.1.8. K335.1.8. Robbers frightened from goods by man in tar and feathers. Type 1527.

K335.1.9. K335.1.9. Robbers coming to steal from stable frightened away by bear staying the night there with his keeper. Type 957.

K335.1.10. K335.1.10. Robbers frightened by pretended cannibalism. Tricksters threaten to cook a robber. All the robbers flee in terror, leaving them their booty. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 967*.

K335.1.11. K335.1.11. Sons of thief frightened by threatening to bring the three strongest men to punish them. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

K335.1.12. K335.1.12. Thieves frightened by ghosts who tie fruits to their hair, which they think are missiles thrown at them. India: Thompson-Balys.

K336. K336. House filled with smoke so that owner gives trickster lodging. Type 1527*.

K336.1. K336.1. Fire set to village so that robbers can steal goods. Korean: Zong in-Sob 213 No. 98.

K336.2. K336.2. Trickster fills house with smoke so that partner cannot see to eat. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 75.

K337. K337. Oversalting food of giant so that he must go outside for water. Meantime his goods are stolen. *Type 328; *Fb “salt” III 148b; Icelandic: Boberg.

K337.1. K337.1. Thief sends owner for water in leaky basket. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 87.

K338. K338. Thief ties owner‘s hair while he escapes with goods. Japanese: Anesaki 229, Ikeda.

K341. K341. Owner’s interest distracted while goods are stolen. Type 15*; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos 1525J, 2425, 2436*; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K341.1. K341.1. Trickster reports lost money; searchers leave him in possession of premises. Unable to find a place by the inn fire the trickster mentions that he has lost money on the road. One by one the guests slip out to search and leave him the fire. *Wesselski Arlotto I 203 No. 34; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K341.2. K341.2. Thief shams death and steals. Types 1, 1*; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Apapocъva-Guarani); Mйtraux MAFLS XL 112.

K341.2.1. K341.2.1. Animal feigns death repeatedly and then entices owner from goods. Japanese: Ikeda; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 72 No. 15; (North Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXX 172, (Virginia): Bacon and Parsons JAFL XXXV 275f.; Andros Islands, Bahamas: Parsons MAFLS XIII 10 No. 8.

K341.2.2. K341.2.2. Thief shams sickness and steals. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Tessman 41.

K341.2.2.1. K341.2.2.1. Man feigns sickness in order to go back to steal hidden gold. (Cf. K325.) Chinese: Graham.

K341.3. K341.3. Thief distracts attention by apparently hanging (stabbing) himself. *Type 1525D; *BP III 391 n. 1; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 850; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1525H*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1525CI*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 129 No. 1525A.

K341.4. K341.4. Thief persuades owner of goods to dive for treasure. Meantime robs him. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 18ff. No. 2; West Indies: Flowers 504.

K341.4.1. K341.4.1. Owner persuaded to climb tree while goods are stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.4.1.1. K341.4.1.1. Owner of horse climbs tree after thief, who drops down and rides off on owner‘s horse. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K341.5. K341.5. Owner enticed to chase game while goods are stolen. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K341.5.1. K341.5.1. Theft of horses (cattle) by letting loose a rabbit so that drivers join in the chase. *Type 1525A; BP III 379ff.

K341.5.2. K341.5.2. Partridge pretending to be wounded entices woman from food while jackal eats it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K341.6. K341.6. Shoes dropped to distract owner’s attention. The thief drops two shoes in different places and steals a ram while the shepherd goes after the shoes. *Type 1525D; *BP III 390 n. 2; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 160 No. 22; Andros Islands, Bahamas: Parsons MAFLS XIII 11 No. 9; Antigua, British West Indies: Johnson JAFL XXXIV 74 No. 33; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 86 No. 28.

K341.7. K341.7. Animal‘s cry imitated to distract owner’s attention from his goods. Meantime rascal steals an animal. Type 1525D; *BP III 391 n. 2.

K341.7.0.1. K341.7.0.1. Baby‘s cry imitated to distract owner’s attention from his goods. Japanese: Ikeda.

K341.7.1. K341.7.1. Cattle let loose so as to distract owner‘s attention from his goods. *Gering Islendzk Жventyri (Halle, 1883) II 210ff.

K341.7.2. K341.7.2. Cat made to mew so as to distract owner’s attention from his goods. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.7.3. K341.7.3. Golden deer sent to entice girl‘s guardians away, so she can be abducted. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.8. K341.8. Thief pretends to show how horse can be stolen; rides it off. *Type 1525B; U.S.: Baughman; Japanese: Ikeda.

K341.8.1. K341.8.1. Trickster pretends to ride home for tools to perform tricks. Rides away on horse. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1532*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1528*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1332*.

K341.8.2. K341.8.2. Thief pretends to horse dealer that he wishes to buy a horse. Dealer allows him to climb on horse to see how he rides; thief runs off with horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.8.3. K341.8.3. Thief shows knife-maker use of purse-cutting knife: cuts his purse and robs him. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 81.

K341.8.4. K341.8.4. King loses signet ring while endeavoring to learn from a thief the art of stealing. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.9. K341.9. Thief tells his pursuer that the thief has gone to heaven by way of a tree. While the man lies on the ground and looks up, the thief steals his horse. *Type 1540; **Aarne FFC XXII 3--109, especially 93ff.

K341.9.1. K341.9.1. Thief persuades owner to take his place so he can go and catch thief: really steals owner’s horse. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.10. K341.10. Trickster bribes guards to start a fight. While the master goes to investigate, the trickster enters his bed with his wife. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 129 No. 1525.

K341.11. K341.11. Owner’s attention distracted by man fishing in street. Meanwhile the man‘s confederates rob the dupe. *Type 1525C.

K341.11.1. K341.11.1. Guard (owner) sent to see a cat which fishes for her master. Goods stolen in his absence. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K341.12. K341.12. Trickster falsely announces marriage celebration and distracts owner’s attention. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 109.

K341.13. K341.13. Tailor throws piece of cloth out of the window. The stingy woman has the tailor come to her house to cut cloth. He throws a piece out of the window, “the devil‘s share”. While the woman has gone after it he cuts off a piece for himself. Type 1567***.

K341.13.1. K341.13.1. Master thief pretends to throw needle and thread in anger at his son. But it contains stolen cloth. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.14. K341.14. Thief steals belongings of his wife’s paramour while the latter is calling on her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K341.15. K341.15. One thief distracts attention of owner while other steals. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.15.1. K341.15.1. Thief steals pastries while confederate makes a purchase. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K341.16. K341.16. Stone thrown to attract attention of shark guardians. Man then slips in cave and steals lobsters. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 443.

K341.17. K341.17. Trickster entices children to dance and steals their food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.17.1. K341.17.1. Thieves ask nurse maid to dance while they steal prince. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

K341.18. K341.18. Helpful animal amuses princess with tricks and secures key to treasury. Africa (Nubia): Basset Contes populaires d‘Afrique 133ff. No. 52, (Swahili): Steere 13ff.

K341.19. K341.19. Trickster poses as entertainer: steals meat while host assembles friends. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 80.

K341.20. K341.20. The story about theft. One thief steals, the other relates the situation, in the form of a tale, to the gentleman who is being robbed. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1525J*; Russian: Andrejev 1525II*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K341.21. K341.21. The dance of the thief. While singing and dancing in the farmer’s house, the thief gives hints to his friend in the loft, how to steal the bacon. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1629*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1525 II*.

K341.22. K341.22. The supposed magic spell. The thief orders the farmer to crawl into a tub and to sit there quietly and not look about, while he makes a magic spell (cure him of childlessness). Meanwhile, he steals all the farmer‘s property. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1629*; Italian Novella: Rotunda (K341.16); India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.23. K341.23. Fire set in order to distract attention. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 65.

K341.24. K341.24. Man stands on pillory to attract attention. Confederate picks pockets of men who come to jeer. England: Baughman.

K341.25. K341.25. Fox drops goldsmith’s child to get him away from gold bench he is working on and thus steal gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.26. K341.26. Partridge plays hide-and-seek with girls while fox eats the curds they are taking to market. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.27. K341.27. Trickster starts argument and steals from arguers. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2425*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K341.28. K341.28. Miser enticed from his money by report of “money tree”. India: Thompson-Balys.

K341.29. K341.29. Man lures fox-husband of girl away by means of cock-decoy and runs away with the girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

K342. K342. Thief as umpire in contest. Three men are quarreling over the possession of a rescued girl. The umpire will give her to the one who soonest returns with the arrow he shoots. While they run, he takes the girl. Chauvin V 91 No. 196, 212 No. 121; India: Thompson-Balys.

K343. K343. Thief advises owner to go away; meantime steals the goods. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 69 No. 10.

K343.0.1. K343.0.1. Innkeeper deceived into going under the floor of the granary; meantime robbed. Type 967**.

K343.1. K343.1. Owner sent on errand and goods stolen. Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 110; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 77 No. 17; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 77 No. 1, Nights 241 No. 41; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 251 No. 29, 255 No. 36; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 97; West Indies: Flowers 505.

K343.1.1. K343.1.1. Bread dropped in mud; messenger returns for more. A youth poses as a rich man‘s servant and gets a sack of bread from a baker. The baker boy is to go along and collect. The rascal drops two loaves in the mud and sends the boy back for fresh ones. Meantime he runs off with the rest of the bread. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 651.

K343.1.2. K343.1.2. Theft by reporting relative’s sickness. Woman falsely told that her father is wounded leaves her water pot with jackal. India: Thompson-Balys.

K343.2. K343.2. Thief advises that slaughtered meat be hung up over night. Meantime he steals it. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 6; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 123 No. 23.

K343.2.1. K343.2.1. The stingy parson and the slaughtered pig. The stingy parson does not want to give any one a part of his pig, which he has just slaughtered. The sexton advises him to hang the pig up in the garden over night so as to make everyone think that it has been stolen. The sexton steals it himself. *Type 1792; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 790; Lee Decameron 257f.; Taylor MPh XV 226.

K343.2.2. K343.2.2. Thief advises that new cloth be hung in the open overnight. Steals it while owner sleeps. Pierre Faifeu No. 21.

K343.3. K343.3. Companion sent away so that rascal may steal common food supply. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Cameroon): Gantenbein 70; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 128 No. 24, 230 No. 39, 280 No. 47, Work JAFL XXXII 403, (Virginia): Smiley JAFL XXXII 368, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXIV 8, MAFLS XVI 31f.; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 109 No. 38.

K343.4. K343.4. Monkeys lure tortoise into a tree and carry away his load of salt. India: Thompson-Balys.

K343.5. K343.5. Cheat induces dupe to go get food reported found and steals clothes as soon as they are left behind. India: Thompson-Balys.

K344. K344. Owner persuaded that his goods are spoiled. (Cf. K355.) Bшdker Exempler 292 No. 50; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 123 No. 23.

K344.1. K344.1. Trickster gives a woman a knife to cut him a slice of white bread. He gets the whole loaf when he says that he has just cut a dog with the same knife. Type 1578*.

K344.1.1. K344.1.1. The polluted fish. Servant places his one fish with Brahmin‘s entire catch; receives all since Brahmin considers all polluted. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K344.1.2. K344.1.2. The “spoiled” anchovies. Servant eats all of master’s anchovies. When master asks for some, the servant brings in a covered dish, and tells him that the fish smell very bad. The master tells the servant to throw them away. Spanish: Childers.

K344.1.3. K344.1.3. Trickster cuts up partridges with his knife. He is given all of them when he tells his companions that he is an executioner. Spanish: Childers.

K344.1.4. K344.1.4. Trickster puts filth in food. May take it all. India: Thompson-Balys.

K344.2. K344.2. Spoiling the rice-field with dung. Dupe persuaded that the dung has spoiled the field. He gives the field to the trickster. Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 25 No. 2.

K344.3. K344.3. Son-in-law steals father-in-law‘s pants by making latter believe he has dirtied them. Chinese: Graham.

K345. K345. Sympathetic helper robbed.

K345.1. K345.1. Sympathetic helper sent for remedy and robbed. Africa (Benga): Nassau 86 No. 4, (Thonga): Junod 221, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 386 No. 12.

K345.2. K345.2. Thief sent into well by trickster. A weeping boy tells a passing thief that he has lost a silver cup in a well. The thief takes off his clothes and goes after the cup, intending to keep it. He finds nothing. When he comes up, his clothes have been stolen. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 346a n. 126; BP III 392f.; Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 502), 106 (ST 183); India: *Thompson-Balys.

K345.3. K345.3. Dupe left to care for child while his goods are stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

K345.4. K345.4. Antelope sends leopard for fire, eats game while leopard is gone. Africa (Kiyansi): Van Whig Biblioteca Africana IV 52.

K346. K346. Thief trusted to guard goods. Bшdker Exempler 279 No. 21; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Wute): Sieber 191; West Indies: Flowers 505.

K346.1. K346.1. Thief guards his pursuer‘s horse while the latter follows a false trail. Steals the horse. *Type 1540; **Aarne FFC XXII 3-109; *BP II 440; Berber: Basset Contes Berbиres (Paris, 1887) I 114; India: Thompson-Balys.

K346.1.1. K346.1.1. King persuaded to change clothes with thief disguised as old woman. Thief rides king’s horse away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K346.2. K346.2. Herdsman slaughters animals entrusted to him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K346.3. K346.3. Woman persuaded to go after her forgotten comb. Goods stolen by guard. India: Thompson-Balys.

K346.4. K346.4. Thief trusted to guard shawls during prayers. Steals them. India: Thompson-Balys.

K346.5. K346.5. Cloak as surety that owner will return. Thief runs away with it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K346.6. K346.6. Thief takes mistress‘s ornaments across river on pretense of keeping them safe, and then deserts her. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 884.

K347. K347. Cozening. Trickster’s claim of relationship causes owner to relax vigilance. Goods stolen. Type 314*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K347.1. K347.1. Prostitute claims to be intended victim’s daughter. Robs him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K348. K348. Trickster causes owner and another to fight over goods. Meantime he steals it. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 71), 119 (ST 293); Halm Aesop No. 247; Panchatantra III 10 (tr. Ryder 343); West Indies: Flowers 505.

K351. K351. Trickster permitted to try on clothes. Goes away with them. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 727.

K351.1. K351.1. Trickster persuades tailor to leave his goods. Makes him believe he will get order to clothe fifty poor. Trickster makes away with goods. (Or tries on boots and makes away with them.) Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 23; Pierre Faifeu No. 21; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K351.2. K351.2. Thief borrows cloak so to carry food. Disappears with it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K351.3. K351.3. Trickster permitted to try on ornaments. Goes off with them. Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 445.

K352. K352. Theft by posing as doctor. Trickster advises wife to slaughter pig and have the trickster eat it all. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 252 No. 30.

K353. K353. Theft by posing as magician. Trickster claims to be working magic spell over food and eats it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K354. K354. Trickster asks hospitality: expels owner and appropriates house.

K354.1. K354.1. Crow asks hospitality of sparrow and gradually takes possession of nest and kills young. (Often told of camel and tent.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K355. K355. Trickster pollutes house so that he is left in possession. He is in upper room and throws filth on those below (Cf. K344.) American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 26 No. 6; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 84, Edwards MAFLS III 74; West Indies: Flowers 504.

K355.1. K355.1. Trickster pretends to have spit in wine accidentally. Is allowed to drink it. Korean: Zong in-Sob 104 No. 56.

K356. K356. Tricksters feign death of their father. Collect rent and flee. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K357. K357. Pickpockets strike man on leg so that he takes his hand off his purse. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 79.

K358. K358. Signal for theft given in foreign language. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 84.

K359. K359. Means of hoodwinking guardian or owner--miscellaneous.

K359.1. K359.1. Theft by means of magic invisibility. Chinese: Graham.

K359.2. K359.2. Thief beguiles guardian of goods by assuming equivocal name. India: Thompson-Balys.

K359.2.1. K359.2.1. Thief of sweetmeats says his name is Fly. Child shouts to father, “Fly is eating,” etc. “Never mind the fly, guard against the cow.” India: Thompson-Balys.

K359.3. K359.3. Trickster dupes woman into putting him into basket. He thus learns where food is kept. India: Thompson-Balys.

K359.4. K359.4. Crow makes friends with pigeon so as to be able to steal food in household to which he belongs. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 557.

K359.5. K359.5. Objects stolen by means of magic impersonation. India: Thompson-Balys.

K360. K360. Other means of theft.

K361. K361. Theft by disobeying orders: misappropriation.

K361.1. K361.1. Jackal ordered to take meat to lion‘s family takes it to his own. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 1 No. 1, 5 No. 3, (Kaffir): Theal 92, 186.

K361.1.1. K361.1.1. Man calling self “her husband” abducts child. India: Thompson-Balys.

K361.2. K361.2. Tricksters eat up food given them for bear. Escape. India: Thompson-Balys.

K361.3. K361.3. Man eats up food given him by tiger as bait for deer. India: Thompson-Balys.

K361.4. K361.4. Monk entrusted with care of getting husband for girl, takes dowry himself. Heptameron No. 56.

K361.5. K361.5. Uncle entrusted with niece’s patrimony slanders her so marriage will be broken off and he will not have to part with her money. India: Thompson-Balys.

K361.6. K361.6. Covetous husband desiring wife‘s jewels tells her he has vowed to offer them to deity. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 356.

K362. K362. Theft by presenting false order to guardian. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 126 No. 109; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 274; West Indies: Flowers 506-8.

K362.0.1. K362.0.1. Unique weapon got by misrepresenting to guardian use to which it is to be put. Irish myth: Cross.

K362.1. K362.1. For the long winter. The numskull has been told to keep the sausage “for the long winter”. When the trickster hears this, he claims to be Long Winter and receives the sausage. *Type 1541; *Fb “tosse” III 832a, “pшlse” II 907b; BP I 521, 526; Christensen DF L 46; *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 194 n. 3; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 1541.

K362.2. K362.2. Ring to put on corpse’s finger. A thief holds a corpse up to a lord‘s window. The lord shoots the corpse and leaves to bury it. The thief goes to the lady and gets a sheet to bury the corpse in and a ring to put on his finger. *Type 1525A; BP III 379; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman.

K362.3. K362.3. The cup to be repaired. A thief poses as a messenger from a husband to his wife asking that a certain silver cup be sent for repairs. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 126 No. 109; Scala Celi 101a No. 543; Mensa Philosophica No. 56; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K362.3.1. K362.3.1. Stealing the platter for the intended gift. Thief asks for silver platter saying that it is needed for an intended gift of confections. Servant carrying platter is told to wait until it is filled. Thief disappears with it. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K362.4. K362.4. Theft by posing as master of the house and learning where goods are hidden. Wife deceived in the dark. *Gering Islenzk Жventyri (Halle, 1883) II 210ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K362.5. K362.5. Hare in lion’s skin gets meat from lioness. Africa (Thonga): Junod 211.

K362.5.1. K362.5.1. Fox drinks the milk of a tiger’s mate by giving her a misleading message. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 180.

K362.6. K362.6. Deposit money secured by false order to banker‘s wife. When banker refuses to redeliver deposit the owner presents false tokens to wife. Jewish: Bin Gorion Born Judas II 245.

K362.7. K362.7. Theft by forgery: signature forged to obtain money. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K362.8. K362.8. Clerk mistranslates order given by master to maid, so that pie goes to clerks. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 14.

K362.9. K362.9. The hood for the robe. Thief steals lawyer’s scarlet robe. Later he returns and tells lawyer‘s wife that her husband had sent him for the hood for the robe. He obtains the hood and escapes. Spanish: Childers.

K362.10. K362.10. Give him what he wants. (Cf. K437.5, K1354.1.) Thief sent to man’s house for water, demands money. Man‘s wife refuses and thief shouts to the husband who replies, “Give him what he wants.” India: *Thompson-Balys.

K362.11. K362.11. Hero reports to king that his ancestors (in heaven) want him rewarded with gold. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K364. K364. Partner misappropriates common goods. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Africa (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 221; Philippine (Tinguian) Cole 195.

K365. K365. Theft by confederate. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 130 No. 1525G*; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 160 No. 20; West Indies: Flowers 508.

K365.1. K365.1. Confederate allows self to be sold as slave. India: Thompson-Balys.

K365.2. K365.2. The thieving guests. Rent a room at an inn and empty the mattresses of feathers, take fire wood, etc. Throw goods out of the window where confederate picks it up. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K365.3. K365.3. Theft by wife’s paramour. Wife tells him secret of buried money. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1014.

K366. K366. Theft by trickster‘s trained animal.

K366.0.1. K366.0.1. Thief feeds stolen money in flour to animal, then asks for ass. India: Thompson-Balys.

K366.1. K366.1. Thieving cow.

K366.1.1. K366.1.1. Cow makes a hundred-fold return. The trickster has a cow that leads the parson’s cows to him. He thus tests the parson‘s text, “He who gives in God’s name shall have it back a hundred-fold.” *Type 1735; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 324; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 25; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 167 No. 129.

K366.1.2. K366.1.2. Cow enticed away by calf. Brothers are given the choice of a cow or a calf. One chooses the cow and thinks that he has the best of the bargain. The cow longs for the calf and returns to it. Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 296.

K366.1.3. K366.1.3. Self-returning cow. A cow allows itself to be sold; then returns to its master. Hindu: Keith 90.

K366.1.3.1. K366.1.3.1. Animal shams death and is sold. Returns to master. Japanese: Anesaki 329.

K366.1.4. K366.1.4. Cows turned into rice field. Later made to disgorge rice. India: Thompson-Balys.

K366.2. K366.2. Thieving bird. *Wesselski Mдrchen 231; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 374.

K366.3. K366.3. Thieving ant. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 126.

K366.4. K366.4. Thieving dog. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K366.5. K366.5. Speaking goat swallows gold coins in temple and voids for master. India: Thompson-Balys.

K366.6. K366.6. Thieving turtle. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 373.

K366.7. K366.7. Thieving butterflies. Cook Islands: Clark 146.

K366.8. K366.8. Thieving octopus. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 374.

K371. K371. Trickster hides in food and eats it. India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 57, Coster-Wijsman 35 No. 16; Africa (Thonga): Junod 209.

K371.1. K371.1. Trickster throws fish off the wagon. The fox plays dead; a man throws him on the wagon of fish. The fox throws the fish off and carries them away. *Type 1; BP II 116; Dh IV 225, 304; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 46ff. -- Lappish: Qvigstad Lappiske Eventyr II 3, III 3; Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 115; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 438; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 16 No. 8; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 17 No. 4, 306 No. 52, (South Carolina): Parsons MAFLS XVI 39, Stewart JAFL XXXII 395, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 276; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 10.

K372. K372. Playing godfather. By pretending that he has been invited to be godfather, the trickster makes an opportunity to steal the provisions stored by him and the dupe for the winter. When he returns on successive occasions he reports the name of the child as “Just Begun,” “Half Done,” etc. *Type 15; BP I 9; Dh IV 241; *Krohn Bar (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 74ff.; *Fb “rжv” III 113b, “bjшrn” IV 43b; *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 238.--Lappish: Qvigstad Lappiske Eventyr III No. 3; French: Sйbillot France III 63f.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 19; New Mexican Spanish: Rael Hispania XX 231--4; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 437; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis III 13, (Fjort): Dennett 90 No. 23; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 80 No. 17, Jones Negro Myths from the Georgia Coast (Cambridge, Mass., 1888) No. 24, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 253--55, (North Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXX 192f., (South Carolina): Parsons MAFLS XVI 7--12, JAFL XXXII 394, XXXIV 3; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 1; Bermuda: Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 240.

K372.1. K372.1. Trickster eats food left by tiger (his trapping partner) at snare. Tiger accused of the theft. India: Thompson-Balys.

K373. K373. “Owner has refused to accept it.” A rascal steals a priest’s watch. He tells the priest that he has stolen a watch and offers it to him as a payment for a past favor. The priest refuses to accept stolen goods. Commands the thief to return the watch to the owner. “But the owner has refused to accept it.” “Then you may keep it.” Danish: Kristensen Kirketjeneste 126.

K374. K374. Trickster pretends to teach dance: flees with valuables. (Cf. K571.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 445.

K375. K375. Thieves steal chickens and have mock funeral to cover theft. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K378. K378. The thieving kiss. Trickster kisses pile of money, taking some in his mouth with every kiss. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K382. K382. Fire stolen by swallowing it and then escaping. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 145.

K385. K385. Host robs guest. India: Thompson-Balys.

K400. K400. Thief escapes detection.

K401. K401. Blame for theft fastened on dupe. *Penzer IV 191f. n. 1; Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 6 (Lee 257); Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 129.

K401.0.1. K401.0.1. Thief accuses his companion of having stolen the gold they have both stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

K401.1. K401.1. Dupe’s food eaten and then blame fastened on him. Trickster eats the common food supply and then by smearing the mouth of the sleeping dupe with the food escapes the blame. *Type 15; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 21; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 173, 177, 179, (Zulu): Callaway 164, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 366 No. 17, (Hottentot): Bleek 18 No. 9, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 48 No. 5, (Basuto): Jacottet 10 No. 1, (Benga): Nassau 93 No. 4, (Kaffir): Theal 95, 96, 114, Kidd The Essential Kaffir (London, 1904) 384, (Fang): Tessman 57; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 80 No. 17, Friends 147 No. 20, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 222; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 238. See all references to K372.

K401.1.1. K401.1.1. Trail of stolen goods made to lead to dupe. The crane in revenge for the loss of her young ones strews pieces of fish from the dwelling of the mongoose to that of the snake. The mongoose follows the trail and kills the snake. *Penzer V 61 n. 3; Bшdker Exempler 287 No. 37; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K401.2. K401.2. Stolen goods taken to dupe’s house so that he is accused. Icelandic: Boberg; Bшdker Exempler 303 No. 74; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 178 n. 1 (Palamedes); Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 100.

K401.2.1. K401.2.1. Crow causes serpent to try to swallow a stolen collar and thus be accused of the theft. Chauvin II 87 No. 23; Penzer V 47 n. 3, 214, 226f.

K401.2.2. K401.2.2. Necklace dropped by crow into snake’s hole leads men to kill snake which had eaten the crow‘s fledglings. Bшdker Exempler 281 No. 25; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K401.2.3. K401.2.3. Surreptitious transfer of stolen object to innocent person’s possession brings condemnation. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 349, 892.

K401.3. K401.3. Stolen goods left in suitor‘s room. Impoverished lover falsely accused so as to be rid of him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K401.4. K401.4. Thief makes believe that he has been robbed of money entrusted to him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K401.5. K401.5. Thief successfully accuses owner of having stolen property he covets. India: Thompson-Balys.

K402. K402. The lamb without a heart. Accused of eating the lamb’s heart, the thief maintains that it had no heart. *Type 785; *BP II 149, 153; Wienert FFC LVI 40, 107; Oesterley No. 83; Herbert III 205; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 57; Penzer V 130 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K402.1. K402.1. The goose without a leg. Accused of eating the goose‘s leg, the thief maintains that it had no leg, and cleverly enforces his point by showing geese standing on one leg. (Usually the master confounds the rascal by frightening the geese so that they use both legs) *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 229 No. 75; Boccaccio Decameron VI No. 4 (*Lee 177); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2424*; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 191; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 508.

K402.2. K402.2. The bird without a tail. Thief maintains that the bird had no tail. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 184.

K402.3. K402.3. The ass without a heart. The ass as toll-gatherer is killed by the lion for asking for toll. The fox eats the ass’s heart. When the lion asks for it, the fox replies that the ass could have had no heart since he was such a fool as to ask the lion for toll. **Keidel “Die Eselherz Fabel” Zs. f. vgl. Litgsch. n. ser. VII No. 58; Gaster Exempla 229 No. 244; Penzer V 130 n. 1; *Chauvin II 99 No. 58; Bшdker Exempler 299 No. 63; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K403. K403. Thief claims to have been transformed into an ass. While the owner sleeps the thief steals his horse, hitches himself to the wagon, and claims that he is the horse transformed into a man. *Type 1529; *BP III 9, 391 n. 3; Chauvin VII 137; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 229 No. 487; *Basset 1001 Contes I 492; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 150 No. 1852*; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 437.

K404. K404. Thief escapes by leaving animal’s severed tail and claiming that the animal has escaped and left his tail. *Type 1004.

K404.1. K404.1. Tails in ground. Thief steals animals and sticks severed tails into the ground, claiming that animals have escaped underground. *Type 1004; BP III 392 n. 1; *Fb “hale” I 537, “svin” III 676a; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 1004; Missouri French: Carriиre; Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 110 No. 2; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 241; Africa (Vai): Ellis 249 No. 41; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 98 No. 20, Nights 230 No. 39, 241 No. 41, (Virginia): Smiley JAFL XXXII 368, (South Carolina): Parsons MAFLS XVI 31f., JAFL XXXIV 8; Bahama: Cleare JAFL XXX 228; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 252 No. 29; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 109 n. 2, 113.

K404.2. K404.2. Ox’s tail in another‘s mouth. The thief kills one ox and puts the tail in another ox’s mouth: the owner thinks one ox has eaten the other. Type 1004; *BP III 392 n. 2; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1525G*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1525G*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1525G*.

K404.3. K404.3. Stolen sheep‘s tails severed and put in tree. Owner made to believe that they have escaped through the air. *Type 1004.

K405. K405. Thief successfully claims that stolen goods are his own.

K405.1. K405.1. Grain-thief’s wagon falls into ditch: duped owner helps him. The thief makes the owner believe that the grain belongs to the thief. Type 1564*.

K405.2. K405.2. The stolen pot pawned with the real owner. The thief gets a receipt from the owner and thus defends himself when accused of theft. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 823; cf. No. 860.

K405.3. K405.3. Thief successfully claims that stolen image has been given him by the saint himself. Wesselski Erlesenes 64ff.

K406. K406. Stolen animal disguised as person so that thief may escape detection.

K406.1. K406.1. Stolen sheep dressed as person sitting at helm of boat. Type 1525H*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1525H*.

K406.2. K406.2. Stolen sheep dressed as baby in cradle, so that thief may escape detection. (Mak.) Whiting Speculum VII 552; Fb “lam” II 370a, “hundehvalp” IV 228b; *Baugh MPh XV 729; *Smyser JAFL XLVII 378; *Stroup JAFL XLVII 380, Southern Folklore Q. III 5f.; *Cosbey Speculum X 310ff.; Middle English: Second Shepherd’s Play; Irish myth: Cross (K521.1.3); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 144 No. 1735B*.

K406.3. K406.3. Stolen animal magically transformed so that thief may escape detection. India: Thompson-Balys.

K407. K407. Severed limb prevents detection. India: Thompson-Balys.

K407.1. K407.1. Thief has his companion cut off his head so that he may escape detection. *Type 950; BP III 395ff.; *Krappe “Trophonios and Agamedes” Archiv fьr Religionswissenschaft XXX 228-241; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Grote I 122; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K407.2. K407.2. Companion‘s arm allowed to be cut off so as to prevent detection. Thief has had his arm cut off as he enters a hole in a wall. He lets his companion also enter and have his severed. *DeVries Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde XLV 213ff.

K407.2.1. K407.2.1. Thief’s confederate cuts off own arm to furnish alibi for family‘s grief. (Previously he had severed father’s or brother‘s head to escape detection.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K407.3. K407.3. Elephant cuts piece from own leg and puts it on shelf, lest he be accused of stealing meat. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 3.

K408. K408. The stolen cow successively pawned. In one night a thief pawns a cow four times, always stealing it immediately and finally delivering it back to its owner. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 119 No. 100.

K411. K411. Thief presents alibi. Plays all night for dance while confederate commits actual theft. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 244 No. 21.

K411.1. K411.1. Thief shams illness as alibi. Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 271 No. 6, (Nago): Basset Contes populaires d’Afrique 217ff. No. 90.

K412. K412. Detection of theft of bull escaped by putting boots on bull. *Fb “tyr” III 908b.

K413. K413. Thieves stretch chain across road and evade pursuers. Type 965**; Fb “kjжde” II 145, “reb” III 26a, *“rшver” III 131b.

K414. K414. Quartered thief‘s body sewed together to escape detection. Type 676; *BP III 143; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 389.

K415. K415. Marked culprit marks everyone else and escapes detection. *Type 950; BP III 395ff.; *Schoepperle I 214 n. 3; Boccaccio Decameron III No. 2 (Lee 62); *Penzer V 274f., 284, VII 36, 217ff.; *Chauvin V 83 No. 24 n. 2; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2440*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 435; Africa: Werner African 223.

K415.1. K415.1. Many persons admit theft so that it is impossible to find real thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

K416. K416. Repentant thief pretends to have found stolen cow. Upbraids owner for not guarding her better. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 119 No. C; Mensa Philosophica No. 52.

K416.1. K416.1. Thief pretends to have recovered stolen horse. Returns it to owner after using it all he desires. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 24.

K417. K417. Thief swallows stolen goods to escape detection.

K417.1. K417.1. Flower thief eats flowers to escape detection. India: Thompson-Balys.

K418. K418. The owner is duped by thief who gives him the task of solving a riddle about the theft just accomplished. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1635*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1545*.

K419. K419. Thief escapes detection--miscellaneous.

K419.1. K419.1. Thief cannot remember whom he delivered the goods to. Though he has eaten the food trusted to him, he claims to have delivered it, but cannot remember the person who opened the door. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 63.

K419.2. K419.2. Thief avoids detection by disguising as a woman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K419.3. K419.3. Umpire awards his own stolen coat to thief. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1525K*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1525 I*.

K419.4. K419.4. Stolen bacon offered to the owner. Making off with bacon, thief accidentally enters farmer’s living-room. Boldly says: “Master, the devil from hell sends you bacon.” The farmer: “Take yourself off to hell with the bacon.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1627B*.

K419.5. K419.5. Thief paints horse black on one side and leaves other side white. Hoodwinked guardians make conflicting report of theft. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K419.6. K419.6. Husks replaced in granary so theft of grain is unnoticed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K419.7. K419.7. Goldsmith as thief in king‘s treasury. Makes golden human figure and says it is a corpse. Gets by guards. India: Thompson-Balys.

K419.8. K419.8. Thieves escape detection by carrying woman on bier and drowning her outcries with wailing. India: Thompson-Balys.

K419.9. K419.9. Blame for theft fastened on inanimate objects. Japanese: Ikeda (K402).

K419.10. K419.10. Blame for theft fastened on fairies. Maori: Clark 196.

K420. K420. Thief loses his goods or is detected.

K421. K421. Robber mistakenly carries off worthless goods and leaves valuable. Chauvin II 83 No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K421.1. K421.1. Thief hoping to gain bigger booty, loses smaller. India: Thompson-Balys.

K421.2. K421.2. Thieves directed to a hornet’s nest as supposed money hiding place. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K421.3. K421.3. Two cheats exchange articles as genuine and both find themselves cheated. (Cf. K306.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K422. K422. Thief rendered helpless by magic. *Type 952; *BP III 453; *Fb “stjжle” III 575a; *Kittredge Witchcraft 200f. nn. 95--101; Alphabet No. 669; England, U.S.: Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 10.

K423. K423. Stolen object magically returns to owner. Irish myth: *Cross. See all references to D1602 and its subdivisions.

K423.0.1. K423.0.1. Stolen animal returns to owner. Irish myth: *Cross.

K424. K424. Thief condemned when witnesses of theft are able to find the stolen goods. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 808.

K425. K425. King‘s daughter put into brothel to catch thief. *Type 950; *BP III 395ff.; *Chauvin VIII 186; Schoepperle I 214--222 passim.

K426. K426. Apparently dead woman revives when thief tries to steal from her grave. Type 990; **Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 353; XXX--XXXII 127; *Hertel ibid. XXI 282.

K427. K427. Clever animal betrays thief. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 48; West Indies: Flowers 509.

K427.1. K427.1. Clever animal betrays thief. Horse catches arm of thief and holds on until help comes. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K428. K428. Magic statue betrays a thief by indirection. He has threatened to smash the head of the magic statue if it betrays him. The statue says, “Whoever would tell the truth now is likely to have his head smashed.” *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 8.

K431. K431. Mouse’s tail in mouth of sleeping thief causes him to cough up swallowed magic ring. *Type 560; *Aarne MSFO XXV 51; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K432. K432. Person being robbed deceives robbers and calls help. (Cf. K551.5.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

K432.1. K432.1. Clever woman being robbed makes excuse for screaming and summoning help. India: Thompson-Balys.

K432.1.1. K432.1.1. Clever husband being robbed induces wife to make outcry and summon help. India: Thompson-Balys.

K432.2. K432.2. Owner pretends to help burglars to divide booty: handles weights so loudly that police are summoned. India: Thompson-Balys.

K433. K433. Child‘s curiosity exposes thief. Thief steals pig. Slaughters it together with one of his own and takes both to market. Puts little pig inside large one to avoid paying tax on two. Boy notices three hind legs. Thief is caught. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K434. K434. Clever girl discovers robber and cheats him.

K434.1. K434.1. The girl seizes the robber concealed under the bed by the beard and says: “What a coarse bundle of flax. I need a finer one.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 959A*.

K434.2. K434.2. Disguised robber in night-lodging tries to pull up confederate on rope: princess discovers him and catches him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K434.3. K434.3. Girl tells the thief money is in chest. When he looks in chest, girl drops lid on him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 959C*.

K435. K435. Child’s song incriminates thief. U.S.: Baughman; West Indies: Flowers 509f.; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 235 No. 4, 239 No. 10.

K435.1. K435.1. Husband makes rhymes about cakes wife has stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

K436. K436. Blind thief trying to steal dates from withered tree killed by slipping of rope. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XX 53.

K437. K437. Robber overcome.

K437.1. K437.1. Robber cheated by substitution. Spending the night in company with a suspicious-looking stranger, the man does not go to sleep, but leaves his clothes in bed and waits to see what will happen. When the stranger wakes up in the night, he stabs at his sleeping companion, who shoots him down. (Cf. K525.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 965*.

K437.2. K437.2. Robber with hand of glory killed. A robber disguised as a beggar gets night‘s lodging at a farm house. Using a candle made of human fat or hand of a corpse, he tries to charm the household into a deep sleep (D1162.2.1). One man who is suspicious and has not gone to sleep sees this and kills the robber. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 963*.

K437.3. K437.3. Sausage as revolver. Man scares robber with sausage; later boasts of event at inn. Robber hears this. Innkeeper secretly lends man a real revolver; robber is shot down when boldly attempting a second attack. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 970*.

K437.4. K437.4. Conqueror of robber discovers his money-stick. Thinking that he has killed the robber, the man takes his stick or knife with big handle. The robber recovers and, disguised as a beggar, inquisitively looks at the stick. The man is suspicious and by examining finds much money inside it. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 962*; Russian: Andrejev No. 961 I*.

K437.5. K437.5. Robbers enslaved. Youth told by two robbers to go to town and sell bracelet for each. He goes and offers to sell two slaves. Goes back with buyer and cries out “Did you say both?” “Yes.” Youth is paid; robbers are enslaved. India: Thompson-Balys.

K439. K439. Thief loses his goods or is detected--miscellaneous.

K439.1. K439.1. Betrayal through exchange of stolen goods. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 26.

K439.2. K439.2. Thief claims that stolen goods are his own: detected by master. Type 1564**.

K439.3. K439.3. Thief tricked into robbing himself. He has placed a coat on the goods to be stolen. His associate changes the place of the coat. Chauvin II 83 No. 7; Bшdker Exempler 273 No. 5; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K439.4. K439.4. Thief leaves food untouched when owner pretends to be poisoned by it. (Playing poison.) American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 54 No. 7, Nights 297 No. 50; Bahama: *Parsons MAFLS XIII 122; West Indies: Flowers 511.

K439.5. K439.5. Sheep thief pretends to buy wethers from the ram, names the price himself. Owner overhears, takes the ram to the thief to collect. U.S.: Baughman.

K439.6. K439.6. Robbers fed poisoned food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K439.7. K439.7. Robber induced to give respite and come to man‘s office to get promised larger sum. Cheated. India: Thompson-Balys.

K439.7.1. K439.7.1. Tortoise asks greedy man to give him first ruby it has given him to be sure second one will be perfect match: disappears into water with it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K439.8. K439.8. Owner pretends to think thief is family god and binds him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K439.9. K439.9. Owner feigns madness and thus raises alarm: thieves captured. India: Thompson-Balys.

K439.10. K439.10. Hidden person sees robbers concealing treasure and takes it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K439.11. K439.11. Thief hides in large bottle to get into room: bottle put into water to boil. India: Thompson-Balys.

K440. K440. Other cheats.

K441. K441. Double reward successfully claimed.

K441.1. K441.1. The double pension. A husband and wife are jointly under a pension from the king. She reports her husband dead and gets the whole pension. He likewise reports her dead and gets the whole money. Chauvin V 274 No. 155 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

K441.2. K441.2. The doubly-feed lawyer. A lawyer takes a car as fee from a widow and an ox from her adversary. He pleads for the latter saying that the ox draws the car. *Herbert III 375 No. 23; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 125; Scala Celi 20a No. 122; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K441.2.1. K441.2.1. Dishonest notary invents debt and collects from both parties. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K441.3. K441.3. Fee from two persons for the same monopoly. Man to furnish goods exclusively to animal. Bargains at same time with another to do the same thing. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 98 No. 26.

K441.4. K441.4. Trickster collects from both husband and wife. Estranged couple both pay him to effect reconciliation. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 12.

K442. K442. False claim of reward. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 159 No. 31, (Ekoi): Talbot 387.

K442.1. K442.1. Reward offered for stolen object (princess). Thief (abductor) returns and enforces reward. *Type 575; *BP II 131.

K443. K443. Money (or other things) acquired by blackmail. U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 512.

K443.1. K443.1. Hidden paramour buys freedom from discoverer. *Type 1535; *BP II 1ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

K443.2. K443.2. Clever wife gets money from those who attempt to seduce her. Payment for keeping silence. *Type 890; Cosquin Йtudes 457ff.; Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 113 No. 890; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K443.2.1. K443.2.1. Clever wife gets husband appointed to position occupied by man who attempts to seduce her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K443.3. K443.3. Money exacted from watchers who permit goods to be stolen. Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 196 No. 95.

K443.3.1. K443.3.1. Money exacted from watchers who permit chest to be stolen. The chest is said falsely to be full of money and the watchers subject to severe punishment. *Type 1535; *BP II 10.

K443.4. K443.4. Money exacted from watcher who permits theft of wooden cow supposed to be real. *Type 1535; *BP II 1ff.

K443.5. K443.5. Trickster entices wolves out of a stable by music: exacts money from their watcher for his carelessness. *Types 1650, 1652.

K443.6. K443.6. Trickster exacts promise of marriage as price of silence after having seen a princess naked. *Type 850; *BP II 528.

K443.6.1. K443.6.1. Trickster exacts beautiful wife from curious people. They look into a carriage in which it is falsely said there is a princess. Trickster’s dead wife is in the carriage. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K443.6.2. K443.6.2. Trickster exacts money as price of silence after lying with princess (queen). India: *Thompson-Balys.

K443.7. K443.7. Fox eats his fellow-lodger: accuses another and demands damages. He spends the night with a cock in a house. He eats the cock but in the morning accuses the sheep of having eaten it. In the next inn likewise he says that the ox has eaten the sheep, etc. In compensation he demands a larger animal each time. Type 170.

K443.8. K443.8. Priest induced to betray secrets of confessional: money then exacted from him for silence. The trickster confesses that he has had intimacies with the priest‘s maid and then overhears the priest scold the maid. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 650; Irish: Beal XXI 334.

K443.9. K443.9. Women lead man into intrigue and then shout for help. Get money. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K443.10. K443.10. Rascal extorts money for silence about companion‘s poverty. India: Thompson-Balys.

K443.11. K443.11. Usurer blackmailed. Shrewd suitor persuades usurer to charge him 100 per cent interest, then has him arrested. Thus gets daughter for wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

K443.12. K443.12. Princess has brought ill luck to bridegroom. When palace and retainers disappear after wedding and only humble hut remains, clever fox tells king his daughter’s feet have brought ill luck to the groom, his master. King gives half his kingdom in compensation. India: Thompson-Balys.

K443.13. K443.13. Rascal extorts money for silence about breach of food tabu. India: Thompson-Balys.

K444. K444. Dream bread: the most wonderful dream. Three pilgrims agree that the one who has the most wonderful dream shall eat the last loaf. One eats it and declares that he dreamed that the others were dead and would not need it. *Type 1626; **Baum JAFL XXX 378; *BP IV 139; *Dunlop-Wilson II 201; Basset 1001 Contes I 516; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 95; Barbeau JAFL XXXII 178; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 243 No. 540; *Oesterley No. 106; Scala Celi 73a No. 415; Ward II 240; Herbert III 246; Alphabet No. 238; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 22 No. 98; L. Schmidt Oesterr. Zs. f. Vksk. 1954, 135.--Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 1626*; Russian: Andrejev No. 2100*; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K444.1. K444.1. Egg as reward of appropriate saying. First brother (knocking egg against wall): “Casca cascorum.” Second (breaking shell and sprinkling dirt over it): “Sar, sale, sapiensa”. Third (eating egg): “Consumatus es.” Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 153 No. 1942; Japanese: Ikeda.

K444.2. K444.2. Bag of cakes said to be full of cobras. Boy eats cakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K444.3. K444.3. The bag with the rice for the road. Boy eats rice and throws empty bag on the road. India: Thompson-Balys.

K445. K445. The emperor‘s new clothes. An impostor feigns to make clothes for the emperor and says that they are visible only to those of legitimate birth. The emperor and courtiers are all afraid to admit that they cannot see the clothes. Finally a child seeing the naked emperor reveals the imposture. *Type 1620; **Taylor MPh XXV 17; *Chauvin II 156 No. 32, VIII 130 No. 120; *Wesselski Gonnella 133 No. 33; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K445.1. K445.1. God to reveal self to those of legitimate birth. All afraid to admit not seeing God. India: Thompson-Balys.

K445.2. K445.2. Whoever hears singing snake must die. Killed by deaf man. (Cf. B214.1.10.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 145.

K446. K446. The heller thrown into others’ money. A rascal sees robbers dividing their booty. He puts a red string through his only coin (a heller) and slips it into the others‘ money. He claims the money as his and says that he has marked it with a heller having a red string through it. The robbers divide. *Type 1615; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 197 No. 387; Chauvin V 254 No. 151 n. 2, VII 153; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 566.

K446.1. K446.1. Half a grain. Trickster drops half a grain into grain cellar then demands half of the grain supply. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K447. K447. Contraband gold discovered when king offers large price for gold. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 77.

K448. K448. Cheater marks coveted object with his name and later claims it. Irish myth: Cross.

K451. K451. Unjust umpire as trickster’s confederate. (Cf. K455.7.) Icelandic: Boberg.

K451.1. K451.1. Unjust umpire decides a religious dispute. His confederate thus wins an absurd wager. *Type 613; *BP II 468ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 489; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 46ff.; Jewish: Gaster Exempla 191 No. 29, Neuman; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 395.

K451.2. K451.2. The wager that sheep are hogs. A trickster wagers with a sheep driver that the sheep he is driving are hogs. The next man to overtake them will act as umpire. The trickster‘s confederate now arrives and declares that they are hogs. *Type 1551; *Clouston Tales II 27; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 632; *Penzer V 104; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 213 No. 437; Chauvin II 96 No. 51, VII 150 No. 430; *Oesterley No. 132; Crane Vitry 141 No. 20; Alphabet No. 766; Hazlitt Shakespeare Jest-Books II 176; Bшdker Exempler 295 No. 56; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K451.3. K451.3. Concealed confederate as unjust witness. A rascal who has hidden with a simple man a treasure found by them carries it away secretly, trying to have his associate condemned on the witness of a tree in which his father is concealed. Chauvin II 91 No. 34; Bшdker Exempler 287 No. 36; Penzer V 59 n. 2; Edgerton JAPS XL 271; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K451.4. K451.4. Trickster’s confederate gives fabulous appraisal to worthless piece of glass. Priest is duped into buying it as a diamond. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K451.5. K451.5. Confederate answers for corpse. Man poses as returned heir to dead man; pretends to address corpse for identification. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K452. K452. Unjust umpire misappropriates disputed goods. Chauvin VII 38ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

K452.1. K452.1. Dividing the discovered oyster. The umpire takes the oyster itself as fee and gives each contestant half the shell. Wesselski Arlotto II 254 No. 171.

K452.2. K452.2. Unjust umpire keeps the stakes when contest cannot be decided. U.S.: Baughman.

K453. K453. Cheating through knowledge of the law. Irish myth: Cross.

K455. K455. Deception into giving false credit.

K455.1. K455.1. Supper won by trick: the mutual friend. A parasite makes the host believe him to be a friend of a certain guest and the guest to think him a friend of the host. *Chauvin VI 132 No. 285.

K455.2. K455.2. Supper won by disguising as an invited guest. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 234.

K455.3. K455.3. Old beggar disguised as gentleman: much money borrowed on his credit. *Type 1526; *BP III 394 (4).

K455.4. K455.4. The other man to pay the bill. Three feast at an inn and each makes the host believe that one of the others will pay. None has money and the host is cheated. *Bйdier Fabliaux 447; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 150 No. 1848. Cf. Wesselski Bebel II 136 No. 111.

K455.4.1. K455.4.1. Trickster buys chickens telling owner that priest will pay. When owner comes to collect, the trickster tells the priest that a heretic has come for confession. Then he flees. (Cf. K242.1.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K455.5. K455.5. The priest as surety. Feasters are imprisoned because of failure to pay for the food. They name the priest as surety and are released. The priest has been told that the host is possessed and agrees to come to heal him in two weeks. The host loses the money. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 646.

K455.6. K455.6. Complaint about the empty bottle. While the servant in the inn is bringing a glass, the trickster drinks the wine and then complains that he has been given an empty bottle. The servant must bring another. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 371.

K455.7. K455.7. Greatest liar to get his supper free. Wager. Each lie is corroborated by a confederate, who poses as a newly arrived stranger. *BP II 509; Japanese: Ikeda.

K455.8. K455.8. Credit based on forgery.

K455.8.1. K455.8.1. Forged letter used to obtain credit, consideration, and entertainment. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K455.8.2. K455.8.2. Forged testament used to dupe host. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K455.9. K455.9. Worthless chests offered to obtain credit. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1667. K1667. Unjust banker deceived into delivering deposits by making him expect even larger.

K455.10. K455.10. Trickster receives huge sum on trifling credit by chain of borrowings. Pays small sum in advance for first sum borrowed. Pays this borrowed sum in advance for larger, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

K461. K461. Trickster takes goods given in charity to his family. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 159.

K461.1. K461.1. The bear helps the fox’s mother get berries: the fox eats them. Type 39.

K461.2. K461.2. Monkey causes girl to cry as if from hunger: eats food given her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K464. K464. Eavesdropping sexton duped into giving suppliant money. The trickster prays to the Virgin for a certain sum of money and promises repayment of double at the end of the month. The sexton throws the money to him, but never receives it back. Type 1543*.

K465. K465. Owner bids on his own goods at auction. Rival buyer pays extravagant price. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 204 No. 405; Chauvin VIII 107 No. 83.

K471. K471. The substituted porridge. In cooking dinner fox‘s porridge is light, bear’s black. At dinner fox steals spoonful of bear‘s porridge and lets bear taste it. Bear believes that fox’s porridge is as bad as his own. *Type 9 C; Dh IV 249ff.; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 97ff.

K473. K473. Sham blood and brains. Fox covers his head with milk and says that his brains have been knocked out. Frightens bear. *Type 3; Dh IV 243; Krohn Bar (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 59ff.; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 287; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 21 No. 5, 377 No. 68.

K474. K474. Trickster cheats rescuers into digging his well. The well that he has dug falls in. He throws his clothes into the hole and hides. People going to church think that man is drowned and dig the well out. Type 1614*.

K475. K475. Cheating through equivocation. Kцhler-Bolte I 513; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “йquivoque”; India: Thompson-Balys.

K475.1. K475.1. The stolen meat handed about. The thief hands it to his confederate. He says, “I haven’t it.” The confederate says, “I didn‘t steal it.” Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 505), 103 (ST 162); Halm Aesop 301.

K475.2. K475.2. “Have we leave to go?” Two prisoners are made stable boys on their promise not to escape secretly. Before horse race starts they ask: “Do we have your leave to go?” They go home. India: Thompson-Balys.

K475.3. K475.3. Why go all the way to fair? Man robbed of his plate of cakes half way to fair asks another vendor, “Why go to the fair, when half way up people come demanding your plate?” Vendor goes on and meets with same fate. India: Thompson-Balys.

K476. K476. Cheating by substitution of worthless articles. Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 290.

K476.1. K476.1. Entrails substituted for meat. Prometheus divides slain ox so that bones and entrails seem to be choicest part. (Zeus is not deceived.) Greek: Fox 13.

K476.1.1. K476.1.1. Rock substituted for ham by trickster. Pierre Faifeu No. 24.

K476.1.2. K476.1.2. Tortoise cheats leopard by substituting bundle of resin for bundle of meat. Africa (Jaunde): Heepe 106.

K476.2. K476.2. False articles used to produce credit.

K476.2.1. K476.2.1. Nugget of supposed gold (lead) given to help build church: money then borrowed. *Wesselski Bebel I 230 No. 141.

K476.2.2. K476.2.2. Reward for the bag of lead. A man sews up lead in a bag and feigns to have found it. A merchant claims it and thinking it filled with gold pays him a large reward. *Wesselski Bebel I 204 No. 83.

K476.3. K476.3. Water sold as wine. Wine-casks partitioned: one half wine, other half water. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K476.3.1. K476.3.1. Innkeeper serves sweetened water for wine, cat for rabbit, mule for beef. Revue Hispanique XLV 114.

K476.4. K476.4. False set of rings to offset genuine. Jewels bought with counterfeit money. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K476.4.1. K476.4.1. Priests substitute gilded images of calves for those of solid gold. Jewish: *Neuman.

K476.5. K476.5. While swimming with the lizard, toad exchanges own ugly daughter for lizard‘s pretty one. Africa (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 209.

K476.6. K476.6. Lean geese substituted for fat by trickster. Pierre Faifeu No. 5.

K476.7. K476.7. Woman gives friend dried comb while she herself eats the honey. India: Thompson-Balys.

K476.8. K476.8. Cheating by substitution of common cow for magic one. India: Thompson-Balys.

K477. K477. Attention secured by trickery.

K477.1. K477.1. Audience secured with the pope by rudeness. A woman bribes a man to get her an audience with the pope. By turning his back to the sacrament and saying that the woman had instructed him to do so, he brings it about that she is summoned into the presence. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 347.

K477.2. K477.2. Deception into listening to speaker. He secures the audience‘s attention by beginning a tale. He then launches into his speech. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 74 No. 64; Wienert FFC LVI 38; Halm Aesop Nos 177, 339.

K477.3. K477.3. Entry into enemy’s presence by pretending to be a messenger from a relative. India: Thompson-Balys.

K478. K478. Butter weighed with the bread. The peasant weighs the butter which he is selling to the baker along with the bread which he is buying. Type 1566**.

K481. K481. Demi-coq by means of his magic animals and magic water collects money. *Type 715; *BP I 258; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K481.1. K481.1. Blackbird to avenge capture of his wife carries rope, club, cat, ants and river in ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

K482. K482. Money received to bury sham-dead person.

K482.1. K482.1. Husband and wife each receive money (from different persons) to bury the other, who is supposed to be dead. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 154.

K482.2. K482.2. Trickster reports treasure‘s owner dead: receives it from children. India: Thompson-Balys.

K483. K483. Color of devil’s cows changed while he sleeps so that he does not know them. Only those not changed (all black, all red, etc.) belong to the devil. Dh I 188; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 134.

K484. K484. Cheating by raising an alarm.

K484.1. K484.1. Trickster gets money from a bank by raising an alarm and demanding “what is owing to him.” *Wesselski Gonnella 99 No. 3.

K484.2. K484.2. Host with overstock of sour wine spreads rumor of dragon at his house. A crowd gathers and he sells all his wine. *Wesselski Morlini 309 No. 65.

K484.3. K484.3. False alarm of robbery causes cheated man to be imprisoned. Boccaccio Decameron IX No. 4; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Persian: Lorimer Persian Tales (London, 1919) 321 No. 52.

K485. K485. The devil gets into the ark. The devil wants to know what Noah is doing when he is building the ark. He forbids Noah’s wife to enter the ark until Noah has also invited him. *Type 825; *Dh I 258; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3100, Legends Nos. 192--195.

K486. K486. The double-cheating miller. He confesses that he has an oversized measure and agrees to get a smaller one. He measures back the grain in the smaller measure. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 146 No. 1800B*.

K487. K487. Counselor accuses conspirators in order to confiscate their estates. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K488. K488. Lawyer’s dog steals meat. The lawyer tells the butcher that the dog‘s owner (himself) is liable for damages. He ask double the amount of the damages as fee. Type 1589.

K491. K491. Trickster paid to educate an ass. He gets paid in advance. He gradually starves the ass. *Type 1675; *BP I 59; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VII 93; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 247f. No. 552; India: Thompson-Balys.

K491.1. K491.1. Trickster paid to teach monkey to talk. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 88; India: Thompson-Balys.

K491.2. K491.2. Horse to be taught to speak. India: Thompson-Balys.

K492. K492. Girl serves her father with piece of her own flesh in place of chicken. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 125 No. 1374B; India: Thompson-Balys.

K492.1. K492.1. Woman serves beggar with coals instead of food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K493. K493. Dupe betrayed by asking him ambiguous questions. They are phrased in such a way that he understands them differently from the way they are intended. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 283.

K494. K494. Wolf announces dawn prematurely to collect debt. The contract is to be fulfilled at daybreak. The wolf imitates the cock and crows, but is caught. Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 6 n. 1.

K495. K495. Trickster shams sickness so that partner does all the work. India: Thompson-Balys.

K496. K496. Foxes persuade man to plant cooked plants. They eat them at night. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K498. K498. Persons deceived into eating meat in Lent, the meat being disguised as butter. (Cf. K499.2.1, K499.2.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

K499. K499. Additional cheats.

K499.1. K499.1. Trickster sells mother’s wine to merchant without asking her permission. Mother saves part of wine because purchaser is dilatory in removing casks. Pierre Faifeu No. 35.

K499.2. K499.2. Object with a hollow as instrument of cheats.

K499.2.1. K499.2.1. Saint who desires broth containing no butter receives broth into which butter has been poured surreptitiously through hollow mixing-stick. (Cf. K498.) Irish myth: Cross.

K499.2.2. K499.2.2. Saint who desires pottage of nettles containing no milk receives pottage into which milk has been poured surreptitiously through pipe. The secret is revealed, and the saint blesses the cook‘s successors. Irish myth: Cross.

K499.3. K499.3. Old man cheats crocodile by playing on its ignorance of agriculture. India: Thompson-Balys.

K499.4. K499.4. Trickster breaks cat of taste for milk by overheating its milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

K499.5. K499.5. Embarrassing gift. Trickster unwilling to pay for burial fee of aged cow, gives cow to unwitting Brahmin as gift. Cow dies soon and Brahmin must pay. India: Thompson-Balys.

K499.6. K499.6. God cheats birds by giving false description of tamarind fruit. India: Thompson-Balys.

K499.7. K499.7. Gullible king gives large sums to minister for construction of imaginary weapon and then more to have it destroyed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K499.8. K499.8. Trickster dupes rival by exchanging beds: receives his food. Overhears maiden tell rival she will bring food at night, waits until rival is asleep and carries him to another bed, takes his place, and is fed by maiden. Africa (Wute): Sieber 190.

K499.9. K499.9. Treacherous friend drinks out of other’s flask to save the water in his own. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 186.

K499.10. K499.10. Fox pretends to go to work, but goes out to sleep. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 175.

K500-K699.

K500-K699. Escape by deception.

K500. K500. Escape from death or danger by deception. *Chauvin VIII 136 No. 132; Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 113--118); Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 1--8.

K510. K510. Death order evaded. India: Thompson-Balys.

K511. K511. Uriah letter changed. Falsified order of execution. A messenger is sent with a letter ordering the recipient to kill the bearer. On the way the letter is changed so that the bearer is honored. *Types 428, 930; *Aarne FFC XXIII 69ff., 91; *BP I 282; *Fb “brev” IV 61ab; *Chauvin VIII 143ff. Nos. 145ABC; *Cosquin Йtudes 143ff.; Gunkel Mдrchen im alten Testament (Tьbingen, 1921) 132; *Boje 79; *Penzer I 52, II 113f., III 277ff.; Alphabet No. 593; *Dickson 235 n. 33; Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 271.--Icelandic: Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 326 nn. 16-26, Herrmann Saxo II 262ff. I, *Boberg; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 151 n. 2; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 828; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 290.

K511.1. K511.1. Death evaded by persuading executioner that another victim was ordered. (E.g., boy has been ordered to kill hare. Hare persuades the boy that the father said, “Kill the rooster for the hare.”) Africa (Nyika): Bachmann ZsKS VI 84f., Meinhof Afrikanische Mдrchen 95ff. No. 18, (Namwanga): Dewar Chinamwanga Stories (Livingstonia, 1900) 57ff., (Kaffir): Alexander und Mohl Mitt. d. Sem. f. Orient. Sprachen VIII 15ff. No. 5.

K511.2. K511.2. Ogam inscription on shield orders that bearer (who does not know meaning) shall be killed. Poet (who recognizes the meaning) reports to king that inscription means a request for honorable treatment. Irish myth: *Cross.

K512. K512. Compassionate executioner. A servant charged with killing the hero (heroine) arranges the escape of the latter. Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne); Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 74; Italian: Boccaccio Decameron II No. 9 (Lee 56), Basile Pentamerone II No. 6, III No. 2; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 95 No. 53.

K512.0.1. K512.0.1. Compassionate executioners. Slaves charged with killing (drowning) the infant heroine are touched by her “laughing smile” and put her in a calfshed (hollow tree), where she is found by cowherds, who rear her. Irish myth: *Cross.

K512.0.2. K512.0.2. “Prince will soon want me back.” Executioner persuaded to let hero go. India: Thompson-Balys.

K512.1. K512.1. Compassionate executioner: bloody coat. A servant charged with killing the hero smears the latter‘s coat with the blood of an animal as proof of the execution and lets the hero escape. *Cox 475; *Boje 62, 66; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K512.1.1. K512.1.1. Compassionate executioner: bloody knife (sword) from slain animal substitute. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K512.2. K512.2. Compassionate executioner: substituted heart. A servant charged with killing the hero (heroine) substitutes an animal, whose heart he takes to his master as proof of the execution. *Types 671, 709; *Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien 79ff.; *BP I 450ff., 463; *Aarne FFC XXIII 57, MSFO XXV 181; *Prato RTP IV 178; Chauvin V 208 No. 120; *Cox 474; *Saintyves Perrault 68; Fb “hjaerte” I 631a, “lever” II 404b, “tunge” III 894a.--Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 706C*; Missouri French: Carriиre; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman (S350); Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Shuswap): Teit JE II 730 No. 50; S. A. Indian (Quiche): Alexander Lat. Am. 172.

K512.2.0.1. K512.2.0.1. Compassionate executioner: substituted brains (other animal for helpful animal). India: Thompson-Balys.

K512.2.0.2. K512.2.0.2. Eyes of animal substituted as proof for eyes of children. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K512.2.0.3. K512.2.0.3. Eyes, ears, fingers of corpse substituted for those demanded of victim. India: Thompson-Balys.

K512.2.1. K512.2.1. Animal substituted for child served at meal. BP III 137 (Grimm No. 141); English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne), Alphabet No. 593; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 5; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.

K512.2.2. K512.2.2. Compassionate executioner: substituted child. The servant charged with sending the hero to executioners sends his own child instead. *Boje 63 n. 1; Jewish: *Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.

K512.2.2.1. K512.2.2.1. Executioner makes substitution when victim escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K512.2.3. K512.2.3. Compassionate executioner: substituted puppet drowned. *Boje 66.

K512.2.3.1. K512.2.3.1. Compassionate executioner: substituted head (made of clay) as proof of execution. India: Thompson-Balys.

K512.2.4. K512.2.4. Compassionate executioner: mutilation substituted for death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K512.2.4.1. K512.2.4.1. Boy’s sixth toe cut off by compassionate executioner as proof he had been killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K512.3. K512.3. Compassionate executioner: feigns to torture victim. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K512.4. K512.4. Compassionate executioner: sleeping potion supplied instead of poison. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K513. K513. Bribed executioner releases culprit. India: Thompson-Balys.

K514. K514. Disguise as girl to avoid execution. *Oesterley No. 156; *Herbert III 133 No. 117; Icelandic: Anssaga Bogsveigis (FAS II) 359; Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Achilleus”; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 128; Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 260, (Zulu): Callaway 40.

K514.1. K514.1. Girl substituted for boy to avoid slaughter by father. Hindu: Keith 171.

K515. K515. Escape by hiding.

K515.1. K515.1. Children hidden to avoid their execution (death). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Hrуlfssaga Kraka 3, 22, Hбlfdanarsaga Brцnufуstra (FAS III) 565; Greek: Fox 155 (Zeus and Kronus), Grote I 6; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 189, (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 28; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 355, (Pangwe): Tessman 366, (Fang): Tessman 108; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 275 No. 88.

K515.2. K515.2. Girl escapes by hiding in huge harp. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 45 (43), *Boberg.

K515.3. K515.3. Sleeping persons covered with oxhide and so saved. Icelandic: Ketils saga Haengs 118, Boberg.

K515.4. K515.4. Escape by hiding in kettle. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 105.

K515.5. K515.5. Escape by hiding in rice-bin. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 184.

K515.6. K515.6. Escape by hiding in the earth. Africa (Fang): Einstein 151.

K520. K520. Death escaped through disguise, shamming, or substitution.

K521. K521. Escape by disguise. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K521.1. K521.1. Escape by dressing in animal (bird, human) skin. *Types 311, 510B, 1137; *BP I 399ff., III 375 (incident B2); *Hackman Polyphemsage 160ff.; *Fb “hest” I 599b; English: Wells 20 (William of Palerne); Africa (Fang): Einstein 76, Trilles Proverbs 203.

K521.1.1. K521.1.1. Man sewed in animal‘s hide carried off by birds. Penzer I 141 n. 2; Frobenius Das Zeitalter des Sonnengottes (Berlin, 1904) I 199ff; Jewish: Grьnbaum Neue Beitrдge zur semitischen Sagenkunde (Leyden, 1893) 234f.

K521.1.2. K521.1.2. Escape by dressing in bear’s skin. Юiрriks saga I 261--72 (cf. 339--40); Asbjшrnsen and Moe No. 58 (type 590); Gonzenbach No. 68 and Kцhler‘s notes.

K521.1.3. K521.1.3. Escape in monkey-skin. India: Thompson-Balys.

K521.1.4. K521.1.4. Escape by putting on old woman‘s skin. India: Thompson-Balys.

K521.2. K521.2. Change of bodily appearance so as to escape.

K521.2.1. K521.2.1. Disguise by shaving off beard so as to escape. *Chauvin VIII 136 No. 132.

K521.2.2. K521.2.2. Disguise by mutilation so as to escape. Ears cut off, eyes put out, etc. *Chauvin VIII 136 No. 132; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 24 No. 2.

K521.2.3. K521.2.3. Disguise as king with mask in order to hide from enemy who has ruined warrior’s face and torn his beard off. Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 186--89, Boberg.

K521.2.4. K521.2.4. Disguise as farmer so as to escape. Chinese: Graham.

K521.2.5. K521.2.5. Disguise as carpenter so as to escape. Chinese: Graham.

K521.3. K521.3. Disguise by painting (covering with soot, etc.) so as to escape. Type 36; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 1, 4, 5.

K521.3.1. K521.3.1. Covering self with clay so as to escape. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K521.4. K521.4. Clothes changed so as to escape. India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 8.

K521.4.1. K521.4.1. Disguise in clothes of other sex so as to escape. Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 188.

K521.4.1.1. K521.4.1.1. Girl escapes in male disguise. *Chauvin V 96 No. 31 n. 1; Boccaccio Decameron II No. 9 (Lee 54); Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K521.4.1.2. K521.4.1.2. Man in danger of life dressed by hostess as woman and set to baking. English: Child IV 151ff.

K521.4.1.3. K521.4.1.3. Man in danger of life dressed by hostess as woman and set to grinding corn. Icelandic: Hrуmundar saga Greipssonar 337, Boberg.

K521.4.1.4. K521.4.1.4. Man in danger of life takes his wife’s place in the bed with her night-cap on. Icelandic: Boberg.

K521.4.2. K521.4.2. Disguise as musician in order to escape. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 396 No. 18.

K521.4.2.1. K521.4.2.1. Musician in danger puts on his musician’s attire as if about to play; escapes. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 868.

K521.4.3. K521.4.3. Escape in humble disguise. (Cap o‘ Rushes.) *Type 510B; *Cox Cinderella; *BP II 45; *Saintyves Contes de Perrault 187, 196ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 385ff., (Ojibwa): Laidlaw Ontario Arch. Rep. (1918 reprint) 36.

K521.4.3.1. K521.4.3.1. Escape by disguising as a washerman. India: Thompson-Balys.

K521.4.4. K521.4.4. Disguise as waiter in inn to escape. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K521.4.5. K521.4.5. Adulteress escapes prison disguised as an old woman. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K521.4.6. K521.4.6. Escape by making sheaths of bark for fingers: hero leaves without awakening nymph wives who make him sleep with fingers in mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

K521.5. K521.5. Escape in huge pumpkin shell. (Attempted.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K515.2. K515.2. Girl hidden in huge harp.

K521.6. K521.6. Abbot escapes from his paramour’s husband in disguise of priest. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K521.7. K521.7. One animal escapes by shamming as another (jackal as goat). India: Thompson-Balys.

K521.8. K521.8. Goat escapes from jackal by being covered with flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

K521.9. K521.9. Women escape from enemy‘s camp disguised as ascetics. India: Thompson-Balys.

K521.10. K521.10. Hare escapes lion by being bundled in brushwood. Africa (Dzalamo): Meinhof ZsES XI 281.

K521.11. K521.11. Hare and bride travel in pot to escape tiger, answer “Ruined pot” when challenged. Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 102.

K522. K522. Escape by shamming death. *Type 33; *BP II 120, III 345; *Chauvin VIII 136 No. 132; Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 112 No. 23; *Penzer V 79 n. 3; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1013, 1019; Korean: Zong in-Sob 18 No. 9; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 106, *Dixon 191 n. 13; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 384; Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 584, (Greenland): Rasmussen III 75; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 273 No. 6, (Basuto): Jacottet 120 No. 27, (Benga): Nassau 228 No. 34, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 175, (Fang): Trilles 205.

K522.0.1. K522.0.1. Death feigned to escape unwelcome marriage. (Cf. K523.0.1.) *Chauvin V 134 No. 63; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 284; Child II 355--367, III 517, IV 482ff., V 234a, 296b; *Wesselski Mдrchen 198; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 857*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 885*; Russian: Andrejev No. 885*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K522.1. K522.1. Escape by shamming death: blood and brains. The trickster covers himself with paint (or the like) so that he will be thought to have bled to death (or with milk so that it will be thought that his brains have been knocked out). *Type 3; Dh IV 243; Krohn JSFO VI 55ff.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n 191a; Africa (Kaffir): Kidd 242 No. 9.

K522.1.1. K522.1.1. Woman covers fleeing man with placenta of goat and with blood to convince pursuers she has just given birth and thus prevents their capturing him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K522.2. K522.2. Ogre carries sham-dead man. “He smells already.” Type 1139; cf. Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 52 Nos. 77, 78.

K522.3. K522.3. Death feigned to escape from husband‘s death plot. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K522.4. K522.4. Captive parrots in net play dead and are thrown out: escape. India: Thompson-Balys.

K522.4.1. K522.4.1. Trout pretends to be dead. Fisherman ignores him. Bшdker Exempler 283 No. 28; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K522.5. K522.5. Escape by shammed burial. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K522.6. K522.6. Escape by shammed drowning; wrecked boat or coffin lands. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K522.7. K522.7. Sham murder: trickster attacked by angry mother causes her to spear ox guts and believe she has murdered him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K522.8. K522.8. Escape by shammed hanging. Icelandic: Boberg.

K523. K523. Escape by shamming illness. Maori: Clark 167; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 78, (Angola): Chatelain 99 No. 6.

K523.0.1. K523.0.1. Illness (madness, dumbness, etc.) feigned to escape unwelcome marriage. (Cf. K522.0.1, K523.1.) *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XV 365.

K523.0.1.1. K523.0.1.1. Illness feigned to escape rendezvous with undesired mistress. Heptameron No. 63.

K523.0.2. K523.0.2. Illness feigned to escape unwelcome meeting. Icelandic: Boberg.

K523.1. K523.1. Escape by shamming madness. (Cf. K523.0.1.) Malone PMLA XLIII 400; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 258ff., *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K523.2. K523.2. Escape by shamming leprosy. *Chauvin VIII 136 No. 132.

K525. K525. Escape by use of substituted object. The object is attacked rather than the intended victim. *Types 160*, 311; *BP I 398ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre, Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 8 n. 2 (Zeus and Kronus); India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 37, Dixon 200, *201 n. 38; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 51; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 65, Rink 107, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 194; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 355 n. 282; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 226 No. 33.

K525.1. K525.1. Substituted object left in bed while intended victim escapes. *Type 1115; *BP I 148ff., 164; U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: FSS 38, Boberg; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges (K437.1.1.); French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 22; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 970; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 4, Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 207; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 444; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3115); Australia: Dixon 279; Tahiti: ibid. 63; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 125, (Ekoi): Talbot 249; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 3 No. 1.

K525.1.1. K525.1.1. Woman puts figures of paramour and herself in bed. Husband attacks them. Woman uses it as a lesson to “reform” husband. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K525.1.2. K525.1.2. Bride substitutes wooden picture while she herself escapes sleeping groom. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K525.1.3. K525.1.3. In order to save child from death, maid substitutes block dressed to resemble it. Enemy strikes block. Irish myth: *Cross.

K525.2. K525.2. Man steps aside so that only his shadow is caught. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 325A*.

K525.3. K525.3. Object substituted for murdered person so as to allay suspicion. Africa (Venda): Stayt The Bavenda (London, 1931) 343f. No. 6.

K525.4. K525.4. Animal jumps out of skin so that only skin is caught. Irish myth: *Cross.

K525.5. K525.5. Man leaves mantle so that only mantle is hit. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K525.6. K525.6. Escape, leaving dog as substitute. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 569--70.

K525.6.1. K525.6.1. Dog buried instead of foster son, who is falsely reported killed so that he can safely be taken away. Icelandic: Boberg.

K525.7. K525.7. Girl escapes from ogress by substituting pig. Chinese: Graham.

K525.8. K525.8. Destructive magic object tried out on something inanimate.

K525.8.1. K525.8.1. Destructive magic belt tried on tree. Destroys tree. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “gьrtel”.

K525.9. K525.9. Cock‘s blood given spirits instead of human blood. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 174.

K525.10. K525.10. Escape by leaving behind false images made of spittle. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 176.

K526. K526. Captor’s bag filled with animals or objects while captives escape. *Type 327C; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 327C; Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 44; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 44 No. 311B*; India: *Thompson-Balys; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 181, 212; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 351 n. 268a; S. A. Indian (Aymara): Tschapik BBAE CXLIII (1) 571; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 120, 136, (Basuto): Jacottet 66 No. 10, (Zulu): Callaway 6, 74, 345, (Congo): Grenfell 824; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 386 No. 70, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 262.

K527. K527. Escape by substituting another person in place of the intended victim. *Type 953; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 126 No. 60; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 149; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1314); Africa (Benga): Nassau 89ff. No. 4, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 382 No. 2, (Ekoi): Talbot 33, (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 188, (Fang): Tessman 46, (Bankon): Ittman, ZsES XVII 9; West Indies: Flowers 512.

K527.1. K527.1. Poisoned food (drink) fed to animal instead of to intended victim. Animal perishes. *Boje 72ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 365; Africa (Nyang): Ittman 58.

K527.2. K527.2. Escape by substituting brother for intended victim, namely self. Pierre Faifeu No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

K527.3. K527.3. Exchange of clothes between master and his servant. Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

K527.4. K527.4. Two rival parties of fifteen each on ship. When food is exhausted, it is agreed that half the company be thrown overboard, “every ninth man as they stood to be selected.” Clever sister of leader of one party arranges men so that enemies are chosen and so drowned. Irish myth: *Cross.

K527.5. K527.5. Man calls animal by his son’s name so he can sacrifice it instead of his son. Jewish: *Neuman.

K528. K528. Substitute in ordeal. An ordeal (usually dangerous) is escaped by deceptively providing a substitute. English: Hibbard 71, Wells 158 (Amis and Amiloun); Icelandic: Gцngu Hrуlfs saga 274ff.; N. A. Indian (Arapaho): Dorsey and Kroeber FM V 74 No. 37; West Indies: Flowers 512.

K528.1. K528.1. Substitute smoker. The hero is compelled to smoke a fatal pipe, but the helpful insect which he carries on his head smokes the pipe for him. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 330 n. 191c.

K528.2. K528.2. Escape by substituting self for another condemned to die. Holy man substitutes self for deacon held by heathen. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K528.3. K528.3. Two wicked men put to a fiery test ask for a third (pious) man to be tested together with them. Jewish: *Neuman.

K531. K531. Escape from battle by magic invisibility. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 66, *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Fox 127 (Paris).

K532. K532. Escape under mantle of invisibility. Irish myth: *Cross.

K532.1. K532.1. Escape in mist of invisibility. Irish myth: *Cross.

K532.2. K532.2. Thief makes magic storm in order to escape. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 61; India: Thompson-Balys.

K533. K533. Escape by successive disguises. Chinese: Graham.

K533.1. K533.1. Fugitive disguises successively in different forms and deceives pursuer into self-injury. Chinese: Graham.

K534. K534. Escape by reversing shoes (boat).

K534.1. K534.1. Escape by reversing horse’s (ox‘s) shoes. *Fb “sko” III 288b, “gе” IV 194b, “hestesko” IV 214a; Laport FFC LXXXIV 49; Kцhler-Bolte II 381; *Child III 476n., 479f., 487, 489; *Babler Sudetendeutsche Zs. f. Vksk. VII (1934) 77; England: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 8 n. 1; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 155; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes II 407; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis VII 6.

K534.2. K534.2. Escape by reversing snowshoes. U.S.: Baughman.

K534.3. K534.3. Hero walks backward to leave misleading trail. Africa (Fang): Trilles 139.

K534.4. K534.4. Escape by rowing boat stern foremost. Irish myth: Cross (K534.1).

K536. K536. Captors deceived into believing captive is planning to stay with them: vigilance relaxed. Captured general orders heavy boxes taken into the temple. These are thought to be gold and it is concluded that he will not try to leave. He escapes. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 527.

K536.1. K536.1. Girl escapes by making man captor think preparation is being made for wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

K538. K538. Princess cuts hair to escape captor who holds her hair in hand while sleeping with her. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 871*; Russian: Andrejev No. 871*.

K540. K540. Escape by overawing captor.

K541. K541. Escape by reporting oneself invulnerable and overawing captor. *Chauvin VIII 136 No. 132; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 513f.; Philippine (Tinguian): *Cole 195.

K542. K542. Escape by falsely reporting one’s ability to escape. “I should be caught if there were not an escape at the back.” When the captors run to the rear, the captive escapes. Type 66**.

K543. K543. Biting the foot. Fox to bear, who is biting his foot: “You are biting the tree root.” Bear lets loose. *Type 5; *BP II 117 n. 2; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 62ff.; *Fb “bjшrn” IV 43b; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia, Malay Peninsula: *Dixon 190 n. 11, *DeVries‘s list No. 1; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Hartt Amazonian Tortoise Myths (Rio de Janeiro, 1875) 29; Africa: Werner African 296, 299, (Kaffir): Theal 187, (Mpongwe): Nassau 17 No. 1, 45 No. 6, (Zulu): Callaway 6, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 395 No. 18, (Nakami): FL X 386; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 58 No. 12; West Indies: Flowers 514; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 103.

K543.1. K543.1. Fox to crocodile who has caught him by the tongue: “Those are the dirty clothes I’ve been washing!” She lets go. India: Thompson-Balys.

K544. K544. Escape by alleged possession of external soul. Monkey caught for his heart (as remedy) makes his captor believe that he has left his heart at home. *Dh IV 1ff.; *Chauvin II 99 No. 57; *Penzer V 127 n. 1; Bшdker Exempler 298 No. 62; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 852; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 3, Dixon 193; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 374 No. 56; Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 17 No. 1.

K545. K545. Escape by falsely reporting approach of rescuers. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 276.

K546. K546. Pope escapes captivity and death by dressing in full regalia and overawing captor. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K547. K547. Escape by frightening would-be captors. (Cf. K1710.) Pierre Faifeu No. 27.

K547.1. K547.1. “Get into my belly.” The wee cock, lost in the woods, orders the fox, the bear, and the wolf to get into his belly. Overawed, the beasts make their apologies promising never to annoy him again. The bear even carries the cock home. (Cf. K1715.7.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2007*.

K547.2. K547.2. Man takes off wig, takes out false teeth, takes off wooden leg, overawes Indians. U.S.: *Baughman.

K547.3. K547.3. Man hides in hollow log, fires rifle while Indians are sitting on the log, scares them away. U.S.: Baughman.

K547.4. K547.4. Jackal escapes by telling farmer he is jackal king and will call upon his subjects. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.5. K547.5. Ferocious animal (ogre) misunderstands victim’s remark: flees in fright. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K547.6. K547.6. Ogre frightened away by beating tom-tom. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.7. K547.7. Goat trembles so hard from fear of tiger that shaking of his beard frightens tiger away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.8. K547.8. Shepherd threatened by tiger says he will report matter to ass: tiger flees. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.9. K547.9. Threatening tiger challenged to strength contest. Beguiled into holding wood for plow and is injured. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.10. K547.10. Queen hiding king disguised as child tells ogress she has borne child with moustache: ogress frightened. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.11. K547.11. Hero threatens tiger with plowshare and leads him into village. Frightens villagers. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.12. K547.12. Escape by frightening tiger into thinking goat in cave is the ghost of his father. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.13. K547.13. Witch frightened by seeing victim cleave boulder with one blow of sword. India: Thompson-Balys.

K547.14. K547.14. Trickster claims to be holding up sky. Leopard, afraid to let sky fall, leaves him. Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 173.

K548. K548. Escape by making attacker believe there are many defenders. (Cf. K2368.)

K548.1. K548.1. Woman alone in house rolls cheeses down the stairs after calling names of men in the house. Attackers think the men of the house are rushing down the stairs. U.S.: Baughman.

K548.2. K548.2. Man convinces robbers that house is fully occupied by beating drums all over the house; they flee. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 574.

K548.3. K548.3. Sham calling to helpers frightens robbers away. Icelandic: Boberg.

K550. K550. Escape by false plea. A captive makes a request or proposes an action that permits him eventually to escape. *Type 122A; *BP II 207; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 246; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109cc; West Indies: Flowers 515.

K550.1. K550.1. Escape by equivocal oath. (Cf. K475.) Irish myth: Cross.

K551. K551. Respite from death granted until particular act is performed. *Type 122A; U.S.: Baughman; West Indies: Flowers 515.

K551.1. K551.1. Respite from death granted until prayer is finished. It lasts till rescue comes. *Types 122A, 227, 332, 955, 1199; *BP I 381, 404ff., II 164; India: Thompson-Balys.

K561.1.1. K561.1.1. Cat fails to be beguiled into releasing mouse. The mouse tells the cat a tale. The cat answers at last, “Even so, I eat you up.”

K551.1.1. K551.1.1. Respite from death granted until confession is made. Herbert III 48, 78.

K551.1.2. K551.1.2. Respite from death until mass is said. Herbert III 84, 508; Chauvin II 191; Icelandic: Boberg.

K551.2. K551.2. Respite from death until prisoner has finished drinking his glass. It is left half finished. BP I 381.

K551.2.1. K551.2.1. Iguana persuades jackal to let him go so he can finish his drink. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K551.3. K551.3. Respite from death until victim has blown on a horn (three times). Rescuers come. *Types 592, 920; *BP II 501; *Wesselski Mдrchen 199; DeVries FFC LXXIII 41ff., 324; *Thien Motive 36f.; *Child V 483 s.v. “horn”; India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.3.1. K551.3.1. Respite from death while one plays the fiddle. Rescue arrives. Type 592; *BP II 501.

K551.3.2. K551.3.2. Respite from death while captive plays music (whistles). Rescue arrives. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 173; Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 113), 99 (ST 127); Halm Aesop No. 134.

K551.3.2.1. K551.3.2.1. Respite from death while one sings song. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.3.3. K551.3.3. Three cries allowed maiden about to be murdered. Rescue arrives. Child I 32ff., 41f., 47, 487b, V 207.

K551.3.4. K551.3.4. Wild boar given permission to squeal before wolf eats him. Rescue arrives. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 87; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 173; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 91; India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.3.5. K551.3.5. Respite from death while one plays the bagpipe. Rescued. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K551.3.6. K551.3.6. Respite from death while victim dances. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ndau): Curtis Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent (Boston, 1920) 45ff.

K551.3.6.1. K551.3.6.1. Girl to dance for robbers asks to bring her party (strong men in disguise) who overcome robbers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K551.3.6.2. K551.3.6.2. Mare is allowed to dance before being killed; it dashes off to jungle with persecuted boy hidden in belly. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.3.6.3. K551.3.6.3. Men ordered to dance before being killed. Dance figure arranged so as to defeat captors. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K551.3.7. K551.3.7. Titmouse receives permission to sit on branch and sing before being sacrificed. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K551.4. K551.4. Respite from death until toilet is made permits escape. Malone PMLA XLIII 410; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “toilette”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 970; India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.4.1. K551.4.1. Respite from death until clothes are changed. *Chauvin VI 72 No. 238.

K551.4.2. K551.4.2. Devil must wait for man to tie his stocking before the man comes into his possession. It remains untied. *Fb “hosebеnd” I 650, IV 221b.

K551.4.3. K551.4.3. Making modesty pay. Robber insists on disrobing woman before throwing her from precipice. She pleads to have him turn his face while she disrobes. She pushes him off. (Cf. K1645.) Italian Novella: Rotunda (K551.4.2).

K551.4.4. K551.4.4. Respite from death until hero bathes and drinks. Irish myth: Cross.

K551.4.5. K551.4.5. Escape by pretending to go to river and wash clothes. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

K551.4.6. K551.4.6. Respite from death until mouth is washed; crow slain with arrow as he goes to wash mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.4.7. K551.4.7. Escape by pretending to go for bath. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.4.8. K551.4.8. Escape by pretending to return for hair ribbon. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Star Husband 133.

K551.5. K551.5. Girl makes toilet and calls help. When she sees robber under her bed she pretends not to see him and combs her hair at the window. She says, “When I am married my husband will come home from the tavern and seize me by the hair and I shall cry: ”Help!“ Rescue comes. Type 959*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 959B*; Russian: Andrejev No. 959*; Chinese: Graham.

K551.6. K551.6. Escape by asking to die on a horse. Jones PMLA XXIII 563.

K551.6.1. K551.6.1. Escape by asking to ride on sacred buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.7. K551.7. Captured animal asks respite while he gives war alarm. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 2.

K551.8. K551.8. Wolf kept at door until children have been christened. He loses his feast. *Type 122A.

K551.9. K551.9. Let me live as long as this candle lasts. Man who has sold his soul to devil thus escapes. (Cf. G303.12.5.4.) Type 1184*; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 36, Beal XXI 313.

K551.10. K551.10. Escape by asking a last kiss. Uses the opportunity to attack adversary. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 30 No. 69*.

K551.11. K551.11. Ten (five) year respite given captive while he undertakes to teach elephant (ass) to speak. Captive explains to friends that in that time the captor, the elephant (ass), or himself is likely to die. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K551.12. K551.12. Respite from death until muddy victim may dry self in sun. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.13. K551.13. Respite from death until one pays a last visit. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K551.13.1. K551.13.1. Respite from death until visit is finished. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.14. K551.14. Respite from death until captive has taken six steps toward God. Takes prodigious ones and escapes. Irish myth: Cross.

K551.15. K551.15. Respite from death until prisoner is healed by magic object. Irish myth: Cross.

K551.16. K551.16. Woman escapes by ruse: must go to defecate. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.17. K551.17. Respite from death for drink of water. India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 174 No. 75.

K551.17.1. K551.17.1. Kidnapped woman escapes by asking for drink of water. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.17.2. K551.17.2. Jackal persuades woman to untie his legs so that he may get a drink. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.18. K551.18. Respite from death granted until wolf reads horse’s passport. Wolf kicked to death. (Cf. J1608.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K551.19. K551.19. Respite from death granted while wolf counts hairs in horse‘s tail. Wolf kicked to death. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K551.20. K551.20. Wolf is requested by tailor to be measured for suit of clothes; wolf beaten. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K551.21. K551.21. Respite from death until minister shows king how to reap pearls. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.22. K551.22. Definite respite from death granted.

K551.22.1. K551.22.1. A year’s time granted to settle affairs before death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.22.2. K551.22.2. God grants man twenty years more of life provided he plays no tricks. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.22.3. K551.22.3. Crocodile grants boy five days respite from death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.23. K551.23. Escape by false plea: jackal asks to be able to clasp tree before crocodile kills it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.24. K551.24. Respite from death until hero climbs tree. He flies away in machine stored there. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.25. K551.25. Escape from threatened captivity by pretending to send for object for captor. Irish: Cross (K1231).

K551.26. K551.26. Turtle allowed to go to pool to pick flowers before death. Escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K551.27. K551.27. Respite from death until victim can fall asleep. Chinese: Graham (K551.5).

K551.28. K551.28. Captors give captive respite in order to witness alleged marvel. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 511.

K553. K553. ”Wait till I get fat.“ Captured person (animal) persuades his captor to wait and fatten him before eating him. Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 117), 105 (ST 179); Halm Aesop No. 231; Spanish: Espinosa III 446; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 164; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 366ff. No. 65 (variant); West Indies: Flowers 516.

K553.0.1. K553.0.1. ”Wait till I am fat enough to race you.“ Hero to be eaten by cannibals when he is fattened enough to beat them in a race. He runs away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K553.0.2. K553.0.2. Calf: ”Wait till I grow up.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

K553.1. K553.1. ”Let me catch you better game.“ Captured animal pretends to help captor bring more desirable victim. Escapes. Chauvin II 116 No. 94; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 188, (Basuto): Jacottet 40; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 286 No. 48.

K553.1.1. K553.1.1. ”Wait till men come to take me from trap, then eat them.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

K553.2. K553.2. Wait for the fat goat. Troll lets the first two goats pass on the bridge so that he may eat the biggest one. He is thrown in the water. Type 123*.

K553.2.1. K553.2.1. Dwarf persuaded to wait for ram. Lamb and ewe escape. Ram butts dwarf into river. India: Thompson-Balys.

K553.3. K553.3. Ram promises to jump into wolf‘s belly. Gives him a hard knock. The stunned wolf thinks he has swallowed the ram. (Cf. K579.5.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 122E*.

K553.4. K553.4. Wolf is requested by horse to start eating from the rear; kicked to death. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K553.5. K553.5. ”Soak me in the pond so that I will be juicy.“ India: *Thompson-Balys.

K553.6. K553.6. Too dirty to eat. Trickster, cornered by leopard, leaps into swamp, then says he is too dirty to eat. Leopard smells of him and agrees. Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 173.

K555. K555. Executioner kept busy or interested until rescue comes. Sometimes until he changes his mind.

K555.1. K555.1. Respite from death gained by long-drawn-out speech. India: Thompson-Balys.

K555.1.1. K555.1.1. Respite from death gained by tale of the preparation of flax. *BP I 222; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 365A*, Legends Nos. 349, 360.

K555.1.2. K555.1.2. Respite from death gained by tale of the preparation of bread. *BP I 222; 331; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1199 I*.

K555.2. K555.2. Respite from death gained by long-drawn-out song. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 113.

K555.2.1. K555.2.1. Formula-tale (Ehod) saves girl from devil. Unsuccessful imitation. (Cf. Z20.) Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 364.

K555.2.2. K555.2.2. Escape by singing an endless song. The soldier‘s bargain with Death. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1084A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1084 I*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1615*.

K555.3. K555.3. Tiger persuaded by jackals to settle argument. Tricked. India: Thompson-Balys.

K557. K557. Death cheated by moving bed. The man who has chosen Death as his godfather has his bed turned around when he sees Death standing at the foot of his bed. He thus escapes death. *Type 332; *BP I 377ff.; Wesselski Mдrchen 214 No. 17; **Christiansen Danske Studier (1915) 72ff.; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 332; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K558. K558. Man allowed to pick out tree to be hanged on. Cannot find one. *Crane Vitry 161 No. 62; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 283; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 25; U.S., England: Baughman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 324 No. 161; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K558.1. K558.1. Escape by asking to die falling from a tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

K558.2. K558.2. Man asks to be beheaded standing in tank of water. He ducks and executioners kill each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

K561. K561. Escape by persuading captor to talk.

K561.0.1. K561.0.1. Attempted escape by persuading captor to talk fails. India: Thompson-Balys.

K561.1. K561.1. Animal captor persuaded to talk and release victim from his mouth. Usually cock and fox, fox and wolf, or mouse and cat. *Type 6; *BP II 207; *Chauvin II 200 No. 39; *Fb ”rжv“ III 113b; **Dargan MPh IV 39; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 743; *Graf FFC XXXVIII 39f.; *F. N. Robinson Works of Chaucer 858 (Nun‘s Priest’s tale).--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 239*; Russian: Andrejev No. 241 I*; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”coq“; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 23 No. 12; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 146 No. 27; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 326 No. 110; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 239f. No. 12.

K561.1.1. K561.1.1. Cat fails to be beguiled into releasing mouse. The mouse tells the cat a tale. The cat answers at last, ”Even so, I eat you up.“ Type 111.

K561.1.2. K561.1.2. Frog escapes after telling crow to sharpen his bill before eating him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K561.2. K561.2. Sheep persuade the wolf to sing. Dogs are summoned. *Type 122C; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 87; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K561.3. K561.3. Crocodile persuaded to open his mouth. When he does, he shuts his eyes automatically and monkey escapes. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 853.

K562. K562. Rat persuades cat to wash face before eating: escapes. *Type 122B; *Dh III 237f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

K562.1. K562.1. Captive trickster persuades captor to pray before eating. Escapes. Africa (Nama): Bleek 23, No. 12, (Hottentot): Meinhof Lehrbьcher d. Sem. f. orient. Spr. XXIII 165.

K562.2. K562.2. Hare persuades cat to perform two gallops before eating him: escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K563. K563. Escape because of plea that leaves means of egress open. India: Thompson-Balys.

K563.1. K563.1. Jackal in tiger‘s house has permission to sit with tail hanging down between bamboo stems. Enlarges gap thus made and escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K563.2. K563.2. Tortoise persuades tiger captor to put him in pocket with hole, escapes. Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 7.

K565. K565. Thumbling in animal’s belly persuades latter to go to his father‘s house for plunder: rescued. *Type 700; *BP I 389.

K565.1. K565.1. Boy swallowed by fish that is thrown up on shore persuades tiger to cut it open with injunction not to look at him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K565.2. K565.2. Jackal entrapped in elephant’s carcass tells passing God to show his magic power by making it rain. Elephant‘s hide swells; jackal escapes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K566. K566. Ass begs wolf to pull thorn out of foot before eating him: kicks wolf in mouth. Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 115), 114 (ST 244); Halm Aesop No. 334; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 30, 31; Japanese: Ikeda.

K567. K567. Escape by pretending to perform errand (do work) for captor. Africa (Thonga): Junod 212, (Kaffir): Theal 188, (Ekoi): Talbot 233; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 60 No. 8, Nights 366 No. 65.

K567.1. K567.1. Prince to giant: ”Don’t eat me up, and I‘ll prepare you a good dinner.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

K567.2. K567.2. Man persuades robbers to postpone killing him until he can show them his treasure. Leads them into marsh and escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K571. K571. Escape by pretending to dance so as to be untied. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 44; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 12 No. 3.

K571.1. K571.1. Hare promises to dance if doorway is left free: escapes. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 180*; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

K572. K572. Escape from captor by means of flattery. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K573. K573. Escape by asserting that captor will have ill luck after killing victim. India: Thompson-Balys.

K573.1. K573.1. Escape by asking girl about to murder him if she will have to assume all the guilt. She reconsiders. India: Thompson-Balys.

K575. K575. Escape by false prophecy: if corpses are buried in city, it will become a ruin: king releases condemned man. India: Thompson-Balys.

K576. K576. To get out of thieves’ clutch, man reports high prices in another town. India: Thompson-Balys.

K579. K579. Escape by false plea--miscellaneous.

K579.1. K579.1. Wife accused of plan to escape weeps and threatens suicide so as to allay suspicion and escape. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 51 No. 8.

K579.2. K579.2. Monkey in danger on bridge of crocodiles pretends that the king has ordered them counted. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 317, Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 7, Dixon 190 n. 10.

K579.3. K579.3. Escape from robbers by pretending to be going the same way but separating at the first opportunity. Jewish: Neuman, Gaster Exempla 198 No. 66.

K579.3.1. K579.3.1. Escape from pursuers by pretending to be one of them. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K579.4. K579.4. Monkey saved from trap by feigning marriage. Chinese: Graham; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 6.

K579.5. K579.5. Respite while captor acts as umpire between captives.

K579.5.1. K579.5.1. Wolf acts as judge before eating the rams. They are to go to the end of the field and run to him. They run at him and kill him. *Wesselski Mдrchen 251 No. 58; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 30, 31.

K579.5.2. K579.5.2. Tiger to help foxes divide their young. Foxes escape into hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

K579.6. K579.6. Murder feigned to effect escape. Knight is refused permission to leave city. He rushes to city gates and pretends that he has just killed a public enemy. Is aided in his escape. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K579.7. K579.7. A handy name. Thief is jailed for stealing a quarter of veal. Sends man named ”Calf“ to captor. ”I took only one quarter of veal, but I am sending you a whole calf.“ Is set free. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K579.8. K579.8. A plea for a larger audience. Fox asks cock to come down from a tree and sing for him. Cock asks fox to awake his companion, a dog, first. Dog kills fox. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K580. K580. Captor persuaded into illusory punishment.

K581. K581. Animal ”punished“ by being placed in favorite environment.

K581.1. K581.1. Drowning punishment for turtle (eel, crab). By expressing horror of drowning, he induces his captor to throw him into the water --his home. *Type 1310; *Dh IV 43; Kцhler-Bolte I 266; *Fb ”еl“ III 1190b; England: Baughman; Danish: Christensen DF XLVII 171; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Dixon 195, 196 n. 32, *DeVries Volksverhalen II 360 No. 107; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 443, (Tinguian): Cole 196, 197 n. 1; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 302 n. 108; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 153 No. 17, (Jaunde): Heepe 107; (Benga): Nassau 124 No. 12, (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 88, (Yoruba): Ellis 266 No. 3, (Zanzibar): Bateman 40 No. 2; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 58 No. 12, 115 No. 24, Friends 167 No. 23, cf. Harris Nights 61 No. 12; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 236 No. 5; West Indies: Flowers 516.

K581.2. K581.2. Briar-patch punishment for rabbit. By expressing horror of being thrown into the briar patch he induces his captor into doing so. He runs off. **Ruth I. Cline American Literature II 72ff.; **Espinosa JAFL XLIII 129 ff.; *Dh IV 26; Kцhler-Bolte I 266; *Parsons Folklore XXX 227. Missouri French: Carriиre, Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 108; Indonesia: *DeVries Volksverhalen II 381f. No. 147 (duck); Oceanic: Meyer Mythen und Erzдhlungen der Kьstbewohner der Gezellehalbinsel 49, 187, Fox and Drew JAI XLV 204; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 446, Speck UPa I 141 n. 8; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 395, (Zanzibar): Bateman 38 No. 2; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 16 No. 4; Barbadoes: Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 270; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 244; West Indies: Flowers 516.

K581.2.1. K581.2.1. Men double up hare‘s legs and throw him on the ground as punishment. He escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K581.3. K581.3. Burying the mole as punishment. *Fb ”еl“ III 1190b.

K581.4. K581.4. Bird punished by being thrown into air. England: Baughman; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 397.

K581.4.1. K581.4.1. Birds caught in net fly away with it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K581.5. K581.5. Burning the jackal. He expresses horror of that punishment. Sets fire to village from his burning tail. Why he has burnt tip on tail. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K581.6. K581.6. Thieving insect put in closely woven basket asks to be put in a loosely woven one so he cannot see. India: Thompson-Balys.

K582. K582. Punishment which proves fatal to captor.

K582.1. K582.1. Turtle persuades an animal to swallow him: causes the animal’s death and escapes. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 29 No. 14, 30 No. 15.

K583. K583. Wolf punished by being married. After debate it is decided that marriage is the greatest punishment. Wesselski Bebel II 103 No. 15; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 35 No. 165*.

K583.1. K583.1. Thief begs for any punishment except the luxury of two wives. India: Thompson-Balys.

K584. K584. Throwing the thief over the fence. Thief, surprised at theft says: ”Do your worst, only don‘t throw me over the fence.“ When thrown over, he escapes. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1627A*.

K600. K600. Murderer or captor otherwise beguiled.

K601. K601. Escape by posing as member of murderer’s family or tribe. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 130, (Basuto): Jacottet 2 No. 1, (Fjort): Dennett 106 No. 30.

K601.1. K601.1. Escape by posing as preceptor of tiger’s deceased father. India: Thompson-Balys.

K601.2. K601.2. ”Don‘t eat your nephews.“ Giants thus dissuaded. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1323).

K602. K602. ”Noman.“ Escape by assuming an equivocal name. (Sometimes ”myself.“) *Hackman Polyphemsage 179, 203, 219; *Fb ”selv“; Clouston Noodles 194 n.; BP III 378; *Oertel Studien zur vgl. Literaturgeschichte VIII 117f.; *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XV 70.--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 56 No. 480; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 262; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 36.

K602.1. K602.1. Fairy child injured by man who says that his name is ”Self“. Child tells mother, ”Self did it.“ England, Scotland: *Baughman.

K602.2. K602.2. ”Bee is eating the sweets.“ Man has eaten sweets and says his name is B. India: Thompson-Balys.

K603. K603. Escape under ram’s belly. By hiding under the belly of a ram the hero escapes under the legs of the blind ogre. *Type 1137; **Hackman Polyphemsage 160ff.; *BP III 375; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--7; Icelandic: Boberg.

K604. K604. The three teachings of the bird (fox). In return for release from captivity the bird (fox) gives the man three teachings. These usually mock the man for his foolishness in releasing what he has. (See for these counsels: J21.12, J21.13, J21.14.) *Type 150; *BP III 230, IV 149 n. 2; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 380; *Wesselski Arlotto II 261 No. 1191; *Chauvin III 103, 110ff., IX 30; *Crane Vitry 144 No. 28; *Gaster Exempla 256 No. 390; *Basset 1001 Contes II 276f.; Jacobs Aesop 213 No. 58; Wienert FFC LVI 35; Halm Aesop No. 271; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 95a; Alphabet No. 191; Oesterley No. 167.--Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 29, 279; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 231.

K605. K605. Cannibal sent for water with vessel full of holes: victim escapes. Indonesia: Dixon 224, 225 n. 31, Beckwith Myth 194; Tahiti: Dixon 63, Beckwith Myth 197 n. 21, ch. 13 passim; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 194.

K605.1. K605.1. Cannibal sent for water which magically recedes from him: victim escapes. New Zealand: Dixon 85, Beckwith Myth 196 n. 19.

K606. K606. Escape by singing song. Captive gradually moves away and at last escapes. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 109; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 137 n. 1.

K606.0.1. K606.0.1. Pursuer persuaded to sing while captive escapes. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 126 No. 18.

K606.0.2. K606.0.2. Escape by teaching song to watchman. India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 277.

K606.0.3. K606.0.3. Trickster, pretending not to see attacking enemy, sings song of friendship. India: Thompson-Balys.

K606.1. K606.1. Escape by playing music. Fb ”spille“ III 488a.

K606.1.1. K606.1.1. Escape by playing magic music. Captor is compelled to dance while victims escape. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 100 No. 18.

K606.1.2. K606.1.2. Escape by playing sleep-bringing music. Irish myth: Cross.

K606.1.2.1. K606.1.2.1. Escape by singing watchmen to sleep. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo 92, 101, *Boberg.

K606.1.3. K606.1.3. Musician in hell playing for the devils, purposely breaks fiddle strings. Must return to earth to repair strings. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3276, Legends Nos. 467--471.

K606.1.4. K606.1.4. Witch put off guard by playing on jew’s harp. India: Thompson-Balys.

K606.2. K606.2. Escape by persuading captors to dance. Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 36.

K607. K607. Enemy in ambush (or disguise) deceived into declaring himself.

K607.1. K607.1. The cave call. (”Hello, house!“) An animal suspecting the presence of an enemy in his cave (house), calls and receives no answer. He then says, ”Don‘t you know, O cave, that we have agreed that I must call you when I come from abroad and that you in turn must answer me?“ The hiding animal answers and the other flees. **M. Bloomfield JAOS XXXVI 58; Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 110; Mexican Spanish: Espinosa JAFL XXIV 419ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys, Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) III 15, 361; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 853; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 31; N. A. Indian (Oaxaca, Mexico): Boas JAFL XXV 208; Africa (Zanzibar): Bateman 41; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 142 No. 19; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 247 No. 23; West Indies: Flowers 517.

K607.2. K607.2. Crocodile masking as a log obeys suggestion that he move upstream. He thus betrays himself. Indonesia: *DeVries‘s list No. 29, *Dixon 190 n. 12.

K607.2.1. K607.2.1. Crocodile in ambush betrays self by talking. India: Thompson-Balys.

K607.3. K607.3. Sham-dead man deceived into making gesture. Obeys suggestion as to how dead man should act and betrays himself. U.S.: Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 53 No. 11; West Indies: Flowers 517--9.

K607.3.1. K607.3.1. Sham-dead tiger betrayed by his live penis. India: Thompson-Balys.

K607.3.2. K607.3.2. Sham-dead deceived into moving by absurd action. India: Thompson-Balys.

K607.3.3. K607.3.3. Leopard concealed in bundle betrays self when threat is made to run spear through bundle. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 65.

K608. K608. Escape by laughing and crying at same time. Captured bird cries in thinking of her little ones and laughs under pretext that the hunter is wasting his time instead of taking the treasure which she pretends is in her house. The hunter leaves her. *Chauvin II 172 No. 2, V 135 No. 64 n. 1.

K611. K611. Escape by putting captor off guard.

K611.1. K611.1. Escape by pretended lousing. Captive pretends to louse the captor but deceives him by cracking berries in the teeth (or the like). India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 326 n. 174; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Alexander Lat. Am. 314, Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 502.

K611.2. K611.2. Escape by pretended cooking. Girl pretends to be cooking meal for animal husband: escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K611.2.1. K611.2.1. Escape from madman by sending him for cooking water. (Cf. K605.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K611.3. K611.3. Escape on ship on wheels after having deceived the captor into laying away sword and helm to receive pretended gift. Icelandic: Boberg.

K611.4. K611.4. Man in devils’ power makes them believe he will return and is permitted to leave. Deceives them. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3303, Legends Nos. 578ff.

K612. K612. Prisoner released on promise to wed guard (captor). Irish myth: Cross.

K613. K613. Prisoner released on promise of life-long allegiance. Irish myth: Cross.

K614. K614. Animal captor appeased by being fed captive’s family. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 9 No. 5, 35 No. 27.

K615. K615. Boy in hole escapes descending log by digging hole. Oceania: *Lessa (forthcoming study).

K619. K619. Murderer or captor beguiled--miscellaneous.

K619.1. K619.1. Cannibals advised to be absent while hero is being cooked; else he will not taste right. Hero escapes. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 6.

K619.1.1. K619.1.1. Cleanest girl to be eaten by ogress: clever girl shakes sesame into fire to simulate sound of burning lice. Chinese: Graham.

K619.2. K619.2. Pursuer persuaded to put oil on a tree when he wants to climb after fugitives. Korean: Zong in-Sob 9 No. 3.

K619.3. K619.3. Trickster persuades pursuers to play fatal deceptive game. Irish myth: Cross.

K620. K620. Escape by deceiving the guard. India: Thompson-Balys.

K621. K621. Escape by blinding the guard. Pepper or tobacco thrown into his eyes. *Type 73; *Thompson CColl II 440f.; Dh IV 184; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 2, 124; Louisiana Creole: Fortier MAFLS II 115; Alu: Wheeler 42, 48; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 95; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 45f. No. 6, (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 174, (Cameroon): Meinhof 89; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 30 No. 7, 47 No. 10, Nights 95 No. 18, 280 No. 47, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 262, (North Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXX 178, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 219; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 240 No. 13, 247 No. 23.

K621.1. K621.1. Red ants‘ nest broken and thrown down on ogre’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

K621.2. K621.2. Escape from animals by blowing ashes into their faces. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K622. K622. Captive plays further and further from watchman and escapes. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 33, (Basuto): Jacottet 102 No. 15; West Indies: Flowers 519.

K622.1. K622.1. Escape by pretended debate as to which must be judged. Jackals thus induce leopard to permit them to enter their cave, while he waits in vain. India: Thompson-Balys.

K622.2. K622.2. Escape from captor by throwing objects to great distance which captor tries to procure. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 172.

K623. K623. Watchman outwitted by having rope stretched across the road while fugitives escape. Bolte Frey 251 No. 90.

K624. K624. Abductors tricked into running race while captive escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K625. K625. Escape by giving narcotic to guards. Boje 112ff.; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K625.1. K625.1. Escape of girl foiled by hero‘s refusal to take narcotic. Type 306; Africa (Ronga): Junod Les Chants et les Contes des Ba Ronga (Lausanne, 1897) 317ff. No. 30.

K625.2. K625.2. Escape by making the watchmen drunk. Irish myth: Cross (K649.1); U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K626. K626. Escape by bribing the guard. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K626.1. K626.1. Escape by throwing money (treasure) so that guards fight over it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K629. K629. Escape by deceiving the guard--miscellaneous.

K629.1. K629.1. Escape by pretended bathing of guard. Boiling water used. India: Thompson-Balys.

K629.1.1. K629.1.1. Man and woman escape by sending the she-bear to bring the woman’s ”forgotten“ comb. India: Thompson-Balys.

K629.2. K629.2. Guardian enticed away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K629.2.1. K629.2.1. Tiger enticed away to gather berries: victims escape. India: Thompson-Balys.

K629.2.2. K629.2.2. Tiger enticed away by slain pig. India: Thompson-Balys.

K630. K630. Escape by disarming (making pursuit difficult). Irish myth: *Cross.

K631. K631. Captor induced to disarm himself.

K631.1. K631.1. Captive dodges when captor tries to cut off his hand; the hatchet sticks in a log and the captor is disarmed. *BP III 454; Wesselski Mдrchen 222 No. 36; Scala Celi No. 537.

K631.2. K631.2. Disarming by a shooting test. The captor is thus induced to fire all his shots. Type 1528*; BP III 455; U.S., Scotland: Baughman.

K631.3. K631.3. Person holds hat just outside shelter; enemies shoot at it, either giving away their position or putting themselves at a disadvantage in having to reload. U.S.: *Baughman.

K632. K632. Mice gnaw enemies’ bow strings and prevent pursuit. *Fb ”bue“ IV 76b; Jewish: *Neuman; N. A. Indian (Hupa): Goddard U Cal I 154ff.

K632.1. K632.1. Army of mice save kingdom from enemy invading force by gnawing their provisions, ammunition, etc., to shreds. India: Thompson-Balys.

K633. K633. Captor‘s powder is removed, ashes substituted: gun does not discharge. U.S.: Baughman.

K634. K634. Escape by arranging captor’s clothes so as to delay him.

K634.1. K634.1. Escape by throwing captor‘s clothes on the fire. Type 67*.

K634.2. K634.2. Master thief persuades captors to dive into water: steals their clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K635. K635. Sleeping enemies’ hair tied to an object prevents pursuit. Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Hupa): Goddard U Cal I 154ff.

K635.1. K635.1. Hair of sleeping maiden tied to tree so that she is not able to rise. Tonga: Gifford 50.

K636. K636. Holes bored in enemies‘ boats prevent pursuit. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 552a n. 285; Herrmann Saxo 125; Kersbergen Literaire Motieven in de Njala (Rotterdam, 1927) 83; Panzer Hilde-Gudrun; Icelandic: *Boberg; Indonesia: Van Baarde Bijdragen voor Taal-, Landen Volkenkunde van Ned.-Indie VII (2) 464; N. A. Indian: Krickeberg Indianermдrchen aus Nord-Amerika (Jena, 1924) 209, (Hupa): Goddard U Cal I 154ff., (Montagnais): Speck JAFL XXXVIII 7.

K636.1. K636.1. Paddles broken in enemies’ boat prevent pursuit. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 35.

K637. K637. Cutting thongs of sleds prevents pursuit. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 131, 448, 469, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 634, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 167.

K638. K638. Captive tied to captor escapes by tying end of rope to a post. Korean: Zong in-Sob 173 No. 74.

K640. K640. Escape by help of confederate.

K641. K641. One animal saves another by frightening enemy away. Africa (Benga): Nassau 143 No. 16, (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 279.

K642. K642. Free animal saves its captured friend.

K642.1. K642.1. Crow and rat release deer from snare. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K643. K643. Confederate sings and delays pursuers so that fugitive escapes. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 160 No. 23.

K644. K644. Monkey attracts attention of mowers until young birds can fly away from the harvest field. Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 82.

K645. K645. Monkey saves condemned birds through feigned dream. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 81.

K646. K646. Fugitive’s confederate misdirects pursuer. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 15; Korean: Zong in-Sob 22, 212; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 31.

K647. K647. Confederate cuts rope almost in two so that prisoner breaks it and flees. India: Thompson-Balys.

K648. K648. Bird’s call attracts attention of pursuer so that trickster escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K649. K649. Escape by help of confederate--miscellaneous.

K649.1. K649.1. Confederate hides fugitive.

K649.1.1. K649.1.1. One animal swallows another to save him from pursuer. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 18, (Bankon): Ittman 81ff.

K649.1.2. K649.1.2. Tiger-mother hides concealed guests in jar. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 162, (Yuracare): ibid 144.

K649.1.3. K649.1.3. Confederate sits on hero and saves him. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 231.

K649.2. K649.2. Rescuer disguised as officer gains custody of prisoner. Pierre Faifeu No. 19.

K649.3. K649.3. Boys scolded in order to conceal their identity. Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kraka 10 ch. 3, Boberg.

K649.4. K649.4. Son mentioned as daughter in order to save him from enemy’s pursuit. Icelandic: Ans saga Bogsv. 359, Boberg.

K649.5. K649.5. Boys warned by dogs‘ names to escape. Icelandic: Hrуlfs saga Kraka 4--8, Boberg.

K649.6. K649.6. Sons warned by talk to oaks to hide. Icelandic: FSS 13, Boberg.

K649.7. K649.7. Confederate in disguise helps man escape.

K649.7.1. K649.7.1. Confederate in disguise as beggar helps to escape. Icelandic: FSS 21--24, 27--32, Boberg.

K649.7.2. K649.7.2. Helper dressed in bear’s skin helps to escape. Krappe Scandinavian Studies XVIII (1945) 275--283; Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 261-72 (cf. 339--40), Asbjшrnsen og Moe No. 58 (type 590), Boberg.

K649.7.3. K649.7.3. Confederate in disguise as ”troll“ frightens king’s men, while his daughter helps prisoner to escape. (Cf. F455.) Icelandic: Boberg.

K649.8. K649.8. Confederate saves fugitive by shammed pursuit. Icelandic: Boberg.

K649.9. K649.9. Confederate causes confusion so that prisoner can escape. Icelandic: Bуsa saga 47--48, Boberg.

K649.10. K649.10. Prisoner escapes by means of wolf which he lures near by smearing honey on the feet. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 5, *Boberg.

K649.11. K649.11. Escape by cutting fetters on stones, etc. Icelandic: Lagerholm 38, *Boberg.

K649.12. K649.12. Confederate persuades captor to throw away disguised trickster. West Indies: Flowers 520--2.

K650. K650. Other means of escape.

K651. K651. Wolf descends into well in one bucket and rescues fox in the other. *Type 32; BP IV 320; Chauvin III 78 No. 57; Fb ”rжv“ III 113b; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 43; English: Wells 184 (The Fox and the Wolf); Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 75 No. 16, (Pennsylvania): Parsons JAFL XXX 214, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXIV 16, Stewart JAFL XXXII 394.

K652. K652. Fox climbs from pit on wolf‘s back. *Type 31; Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 119), 97 (ST 117); Halm Aesop No. 45; Jacobs Aesop 220 No. 82; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia, Indo-China: *Dixon 189 n. 9, cf. DeVries’s list No. 4.

K655. K655. Prisoner kills his watchers who enter to torture him. Escapes. *Boje 95.

K656. K656. Captors lured into drowning selves. U.S.: Baughman.

K657. K657. Exaggerated tales about escapes. U.S.: *Baughman.

K661. K661. Escape from suspicion of crime.

K661.1. K661.1. Fool‘s brothers substitute a goat for the body of the man he has killed: thus save him. *Type 1600; *Chauvin VI 126 No. 280; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 183 No. 347; India: *Thompson-Balys; cf. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 308, Coster-Wijsman 53 No. 78.

K661.2. K661.2. Statue mourned and buried in order to account for murdered person. *Chauvin VI 15 No. 188.

K661.3. K661.3. Insect in nose of murdered person simulates snoring and allays suspicion. Africa (Larusa): Fokken ZsKS VII 82ff. No. 1, (Masai): Hollis The Masai (Oxford, 1905) 212ff.

K661.4. K661.4. Waxen statue left instead of abducted queen. Icelandic: Boberg.

K671. K671. Captive throws his hat to lions who fight over it while he escapes. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408A*.

K672. K672. Captive throws his shoe at serpent who chokes while he escapes. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56 No. 408A*.

K675. K675. Sleeping potion given to man who is to pass the night with a girl. (Sometimes magic pillow or magic sleeping card.) *Schoepperle I 257 n. 1; *Wesselski Mдrchen 254 No. 61; Child I 393, III 506b, IV 459b; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 54 No. 400B*; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

K675.1. K675.1. Paramour unwittingly drinks sleeping potion. Is thought dead and placed in a chest. Chest is stolen. When he escapes he is accused of being a robber. He is saved by his mistress‘s maid who explains all, transferring the role played by her mistress to herself. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K676. K676. Trickster persuades pursuers to ride in his basket. Leaves basket on limb of tree and escapes. Tonga: Gifford 45, 198.

K677. K677. Hero tests the rope on which he is to be pulled to upper world. By placing stones on the rope he discovers his companions’ treacherous plan to cut the rope. *Type 301; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 165 (Gonzenbach No. 64).

K677.1. K677.1. Hero hides in treasure box and thus circumvents plot to leave him below when companions pull up box. Chinese: Graham.

K678. K678. Cutting rope to kill ogre who is climbing the rope to reach his victim. Indonesia: Dixon 227; Marquesas: Handy 41; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 97ff. No. 18.

K683. K683. Small animal in mouth of larger causes captor to spit him out. (Defecates.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K685. K685. Escape by catching hold of limbs of tree while passing under it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K686. K686. Escape by announcing great catastrophe (end of world or the like). India: *Thompson-Balys.

K687. K687. Birds escape death by flying away with net. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1065.

K700--K799.

K700--K799. Capture by deception.

K700. K700. Capture by deception.

K710. K710. Victim enticed into voluntary captivity or helplessness.

K711. K711. Deception into entering bag. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 163--167; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 522.

K711.0.1. K711.0.1. Birds enticed into bag. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 296 n. 82a.

K711.1. K711.1. Deception into magic bag which closes on prisoner. Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 94.

K711.2. K711.2. Leopard persuaded to enter bag in order to see trickster perform marvel. India: Thompson-Balys.

K711.2.1. K711.2.1. Miser induced to thrust his head into bag; noose pulled by thief afterwards. India: Thompson-Balys.

K711.3. K711.3. Ogre frightened into rolling self in mat: burned. Africa (Nubian): Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens (Cairo, 1888) 55ff. No. 5, (Swahili): Steere 13ff.

K711.4. K711.4. Witch tells boy to pass down some of fruit from tree, catches hold of him and puts him in her sack when he bends down. India: Thompson-Balys.

K713. K713. Deception into allowing oneself to be fettered.

K713.1. K713.1. Deception into allowing oneself to be tied. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--67; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 20; West Indies: Flowers 522f.

K713.1.1. K713.1.1. Animal allows himself to be tied so as to avoid being carried off by storm. Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 215; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 12ff. No. 2, Harris Nights 325ff. No. 56; West Indies: Flowers 523f.; Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 324 n. 2; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 233 No. 1.

K713.1.2. K713.1.2. Animal allows himself to be tied to another for safety. Carried to his death. (Cf. J2132.6.) *BP III 75 n. 2; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 28; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 87.

K713.1.3. K713.1.3. Animal persuaded to be tied by promise of food. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 32 No. 4, (Kaffir): Kidd 242 No. 9, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 397 No. 18, (Jaunde): Nekes 201.

K713.1.4. K713.1.4. Animal persuaded to be tied through curiosity to learn secret names. India: Thompson-Balys.

K713.1.5. K713.1.5. Ogre allows self to be tied so as to learn magic. India: Thompson-Balys.

K713.1.6. K713.1.6. Animal allows self to be tied so as to learn music. India: Thompson-Balys.

K713.1.7. K713.1.7. Faithless wife ties sleeping husband‘s hair to bed, allowing lover to kill him. Irish myth: *Cross.

K713.1.8. K713.1.8. Women bind warrior‘s hair to wall of hostel while he sleeps. Irish myth: *Cross.

K713.2. K713.2. Deception into putting on a collar. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 11.

K713.3. K713.3. Hare persuades wolf and fox to put their heads in loops on rope and thus strangles them to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K714. K714. Deception into entering box (or prison).

K714.1. K714.1. Victim tricked into prison and kept there. *Wesselski Arlotto I 209 No. 50; Irish myth: Cross; Africa (Thonga): Junod 216.

K714.1.1. K714.1.1. Trickster persuades policeman to take his place in the stocks. Then tricks policeman’s wife into giving him jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

K714.2. K714.2. Victim tricked into entering box. M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII xvii; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 294, Dixon 197; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 62 No. 13, (Virginia): Bacon and Parsons JAFL XXXV 267, (North Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXX 175, Brown Collection I 704.

K714.2.1. K714.2.1. Victim tricked into jumping in a box by making him think he is going to heaven. (Cf. K842.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K714.2.2. K714.2.2. Tiger enticed into coffin. Chinese: Graham.

K714.3. K714.3. Dupe tricked into entering hollow tree. India: Thompson-Balys; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 74 No. 14; West Indies: Flowers 524.

K714.4. K714.4. Victim tricked into entering basket. Chinese: Graham.

K714.5. K714.5. Woman persuaded to hide head in jug: she is caught. Chinese: Graham.

K714.6. K714.6. Animal lured into lion’s den. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K714.7. K714.7. Victim lured into following deer sent by demon to cave. Dies of suffocation. India: Thompson-Balys.

K714.8. K714.8. Fish enticed into trap (promised new skins). Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1951).

K714.9. K714.9. Deceived lion stuck in cave entrance; becomes food for hare. Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 190.

K714.9.1. K714.9.1. Fox deceives lion into entering pit. Jewish: Neuman.

K715. K715. Deception into allowing oneself to be hanged. (”Show me how!“) Executioner must show the hero how to use the gallows. The hero hangs the executioner. M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII xiii; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K717. K717. Deception into bottle (vessel). Insects (or a spirit) having escaped from a bottle are told that they cannot return. They accept the challenge and go back into the bottle. *Type 331; *BP II 414ff. (spirit); Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 29 No. 1 (bees).

K721. K721. Cock persuaded to crow with closed eyes. Seized. *Type 61; *Graf FFC XXXVIII 26ff.; BP II 207; Wienert FFC LVI 52 (ET 122), 98 (ST 124); **Dargan MPh IV 39; *Chaucer‘s Nun’s Priest‘s Tale; Spanish: Espinosa III 225, 258; Japanese: Ikeda.

K721.1. K721.1. Dupe persuaded to close eyes and open mouth; then hot stones are thrown down throat. India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 70.

K722. K722. Giant tricked into becoming mouse. Cat eats him up. *Types 545AB; BP I 325ff., III 487; Missouri French: Carriиre, India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K722.1. K722.1. Dragon enticed into pot while in its child-form, boiled, so it can see ”courage“. India: Thompson-Balys.

K724. K724. Dupe induced to waste his bullets, then seized. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1525M*; Flemish: Meyer FFC XXXVII No. 1528*.

K725. K725. Dupe lured away from protection of friends: captured. India: Thompson-Balys.

K726. K726. Dupe persuaded to ride on trickster‘s back: captured. (Cf. J651.1.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 852.

K728. K728. Foxes crawl into whale’s house and are killed. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 319; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 216; N. A. Indian: Boas RBAE XXXI 324.

K730. K730. Victim trapped. India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 47.

K730.1. K730.1. Animal trapped through curiosity as to what the trap is. Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 59), 66 (ET 307), 90 (ST 23), 94 (ST 73), 97 (*ST 111, 114); Halm Aesop Nos. 44, 340.

K730.1.1. K730.1.1. Claim that a trap is a prayer house. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 19; Africa (Jaunde): Heepe 249.

K730.2. K730.2. Frog causes deer to dance into snare. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 122.

K730.3. K730.3. Leopard traps lion by having two doors to cave, one large, one small. Lion enters large entrance and leopard leaves by small and attacks back of lion. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K730.4. K730.4. Tortoise leads elephant down wrong trail into trap. Africa (Bankon): Ittman 85.

K730.5. K730.5. Birds led into trap by promise of a feast. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 74.

K731. K731. Wildboar captured in church. *Type 1640; BP I 148ff.

K732. K732. Intruder captured in chimney. Burned. *Type 124; *BP I 40; U.S. (Maine and New Hampshire): Ford JAFL XV 63; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Flathead): McDermott JAFL XIV 250; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 38 No. 8, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXIV 17, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 267.

K735. K735. Capture in pitfall. (Cf. B361.) *Type 160; Chauvin II 106 No. 71; England: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1323, 1/89); Mono-Alu: Wheeler Nos. 2, 6, 18, 48ff.; Africa (Benga): Nassau 86, 191 Nos. 4, 25, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 386 No. 11, (Fang): Trilles 267.

K735.1. K735.1. Mats over holes as pitfall. India: *Thompson-Balys; Melanesia, Indonesia: Dixon 69 nn. 44, 45, DeVries’s Volksverhalen II 385 No. 158; New Zealand: Dixon 61; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 53 No. 8, (Angola): Chatelain 91 No. 5; West Indies: Flowers 524.

K735.2. K735.2. Capture in trap seat. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 80.

K735.3. K735.3. Knight captured in pitfall while his horse escapes. Icelandic: Boberg.

K735.4. K735.4. Capture in trap bed: victim dropped into dungeon. India: Thompson-Balys.

K735.4.1. K735.4.1. Pit placed under a bed. Alu: Wheeler No. 2; Telei: ibid. No. 18.

K735.5. K735.5. Dupe tricked into well: left there. India: Thompson-Balys.

K735.6. K735.6. Tiger enticed into pit by being tempted to leap after boar-leader. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 819.

K736. K736. Snapping door. Traps victims. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 307 n. 113.

K737. K737. Capture by closing entrance to victim‘s home. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 258 No. 38, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 366 No. 17.

K737.1. K737.1. Dupe lured into hole and entrance closed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K737.2. K737.2. Tiger persuaded to walk into house: locked in. India: Thompson-Balys.

K741. K741. Capture by tarbaby. An image covered with tar (or other adhesive substance) captures the intruder who addresses it and finally strikes it so that he sticks to it. *Type 175; **Cline American Literature II 72ff.; **Espinosa JAFL XLIII 129ff., LVI 31ff., Las versiones hispanicas peninsulares del cuento del muсeco de brea (Estudios dedicados a Menendez Pidal [Madrid, 1951]) 357--81, Sobre los origines del cuento del muсeco de brea (Bol. de la Bibl. Menendez y Pelayo XIII 296--318); *Dh IV 26; **Parsons FL XXX 227, JAFL XXXV 330; *Taylor JAOS LXIV 4ff.; Brown Scientific Monthly XV 228; Werner Folklore X 282.--Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 77 No. 650; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 336, 442; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 440, 444ff.; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis VIII 105, IX 106, XII 319, Weeks Jungle 431, (Angola): Chatelain 185 No. 22; (Hottentot): Theal 90, (Yoruba): Ellis 255 No. 4, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 71, (Kaffir): Kidd 242 No. 9, (Ekoi): Talbot 397, (Mpongwe): Nassau 22 No. 2, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 356 398, (Cameroon): Gantenbein 69, (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 74, Fables 59; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 7 No. 2; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 244 Nos. 20, 21.

K741.1. K741.1. Capture by tarring back of a horse. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K742. K742. Capture between branches of tree. Small animal lures large one, who cannot get loose. India: Thompson-Balys.

K743. K743. Victim captured in a noose. Maori: Beckwith Myth 250, Clark 100.

K745. K745. Victim burned in building. Mono: Wheeler No. 34; Alu: ibid. 17, 35; Papua: Ker 7, 17, 36, 73; Aurora: Codrington No. III 12; Lepers Island: ibid. No. III 17.

K750. K750. Capture by decoy. Irish myth: Cross.

K751. K751. Capture by feigning death. (Cf. K757.) *Types 47A, 56A; Chauvin III 76; Crane Vitry 127 No. 304; Herbert III 461; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 29, Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 242, 1131; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 27; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 176, 332; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 298 n. 88; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 14 No. 1, (Fjort): Dennett 79 No. 17; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 310 n. 1, 312, 315, 324; West Indies: Flowers 525ff.

K751.1. K751.1. Capture by hiding in animal carcass. Animal who comes to eat of carcass caught. Babylonian: Spence 297.

K751.2. K751.2. Man plays dead and hides in money chest: catches thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

K752. K752. Capture by hiding under screen (grass, leaves, etc.) Africa (Kaffir): Theal 30 No. 1, (Basuto): Jacottet 100 No. 15, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 384 No. 2; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 79 No. 15, 95 No. 18 (hollow tree).

K753. K753. Capture by hiding in disguised objects. Egypt: Maspero Contes populaires de l‘Ancienne Egypt (Paris, 1882) 85f.; Arabian: Basset 1001 Contes II 301; Indonesia: Overbeck Insulinde I 148.

K753.1. K753.1. Capture by hiding in disguised ship. DeVries Acta Philologica Scandinavica II 137.

K754. K754. Capture by hiding in artificial animal. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 643.

K754.1. K754.1. Trojan wooden horse. Permits capture of the city by concealing soldiers. *Fb ”stud“ III 619b; *Penzer II 133 n. 1; Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 431; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 229 n. 1, 231 n. 1.

K754.2. K754.2. Capture by hiding in artificial elephant. *Penzer I 133 n. 1; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 859.

K754.3. K754.3. Capture by hiding in artificial bird. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 431.

K755. K755. Capture by masking as another. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 215f., 541.

K755.1. K755.1. Abduction by fraudulently giving signal of husband‘s return. (Cf. K1354.3.2.) Chinese: Graham.

K756. K756. Capture by imitation of animal’s voice. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 119, (Fjort): Dennett 85 No. 10; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 242 No. 17; Antigua, British West Indies: Johnson JAFL XXXIV 68.

K756.1. K756.1. Birds captured by imitating their song. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1065.

K756.2. K756.2. Attempted capture by causing animal to make noise.

K756.2.1. K756.2.1. Attempted capture by causing owner‘s pig to squeal at night. U.S.: *Baughman.

K756.2.2. K756.2.2. Attempted capture by ringing cowbell to sound as if cow has wandered far away. (Cf. K341.7.) U.S.: Baughman.

K756.3. K756.3. Bird catches fishes by imitating voice of friend. India: Thompson-Balys.

K757. K757. Capture by feigning illness. (Cf. K751.) *Type 50; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 35; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 3 No. 1; West Indies: Flowers 527. (See also all references to K961.)

K758. K758. Capture by hiding in baskets of food. Irish myth: Cross.

K761. K761. Capture by putting on the clothes of slain enemy. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K762. K762. Stranger asks woman for fire: abducts her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K763. K763. Capture by hiding in hollow tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

K764. K764. Witch pretends to be starving beggar woman in order to capture child. India: Thompson-Balys.

K767. K767. Hare carries disguised lion covered with honey, thus luring animals into trap. Africa (Dzalamo): Meinhof 281.

K770. K770. Other deceptive captures.

K771. K771. Unicorn tricked into running horn into tree. *Type 1640; *BP I 148ff., 164; Missouri French: Carriиre; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 432; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 41 No. 9 (cow).

K771.1. K771.1. Lioness enticed into putting head into wall to pursue hare who escapes through hole. Gets stuck. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K772. K772. Victim enticed into dancing: captured. Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 257 No. 4.

K772.1. K772.1. Crabs induced to take moonlight walks: eaten. India: Thompson-Balys.

K773. K773. Deception by having victim pick trickster‘s teeth. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 7 n. 1, 15, 60.

K774. K774. Capture by sight of women’s breasts. Women with uncovered breasts meet hero. He averts his face and is captured. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 142 (Cuchulainn), *Cross.

K774.1. K774.1. Sight of women‘s breasts used to appease enemies. Irish myth: *Cross.

K774.2. K774.2. Sight of unclothed women calms rage of youthful hero. Irish myth: *Cross.

K775. K775. Capture by luring merchant to look at supposed bargain. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 214 No. 73.

K775.1. K775.1. Capture by taking aboard ship to inspect wares. India: Thompson-Balys.

K776. K776. Capture by intoxication (or narcotic). Dickson 67 n. 13, 122 n. 71; Malone PMLA XLIII 415; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 5, Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 169; West Indies: Flowers 527.

K776.1. K776.1. Capture with aid of sleep-bringing music. Irish myth: *Cross.

K776.1.1. K776.1.1. Fortress captured as harper puts garrison to sleep with music while besiegers place fingers in ears. Irish myth: *Cross.

K776.2. K776.2. Man is made drunk and left in temple at mercy of demons. Chinese: Graham.

K777. K777. Capture of castle by pretending to surrender and entering. Dickson 70 n. 19.

K778. K778. Capture through the wiles of a woman. (Cf. K774.) Dickson 122 n. 70; Irish myth: *Cross.

K778.1. K778.1. Woman (Amazon) in disguise invites enemies singly into forest and overcomes them. Irish myth: *Cross.

K778.2. K778.2. Amazonian woman disguised as leper seduces and binds enemies one by one. Irish myth: *Cross.

K778.3. K778.3. Capture by luring to courtesan’s house. India: Thompson-Balys.

K778.4. K778.4. Attack made on groom after he has been invited to female apartments to have meal with bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

K778.5. K778.5. Adulteress lures husband so as to have him killed. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 980.

K781. K781. Castle captured with assistance of owner‘s daughter. She loves the attacker. (Cf. K811.1.1, K2340.) Dickson 240, 241 n. 44; Krappe ”Die Sage von der Tarpeja“ Rheinisches Museum fьr Philologie LXXVIII (1929) 248--67; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 31.

K782. K782. Capture by lying in wait in enemy‘s haunt. Irish myth: Cross.

K783. K783. Capture by blinding.

K783.1. K783.1. Enemy blinded with chili powder and overpowered. India: Thompson-Balys.

K785. K785. In duel with long poles the ogre is forced into the pig-sty. Type 1083; Magyar: Honti FFC LXXXI 35 No. 1083.

K786. K786. Fairy wins kiss in game; embraces woman and flies off with her through skylight (smokehole). Irish myth: *Cross.

K787. K787. Maiden sent to rendezvous with lover, who is captured. Irish myth: *Cross.

K788. K788. Woman lured into the forest and captured. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 179 (Idunn), *Boberg.

K788.1. K788.1. Princess lured into the forest by harp-playing boy or thief. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K800--K999.

K800--K999. Killing or maiming by deception.

K800. K800. Killing or maiming by deception. India: Thompson-Balys.

K810. K810. Fatal deception into trickster’s power.

K811. K811. Victim lured into house and killed. *Type 56B; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 32; West Indies: Flowers 528.

K811.0.1. K811.0.1. Animal enticed into palace after it had long fed out of trickster‘s hand. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 851.

K811.1. K811.1. Enemies invited to banquet and killed. (Cf. K871.2.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 661, 662; *BP II 85, III 106; Gaster Thespis 211, 328; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 150; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Yanagita Folklore Studies XI 2 No. 2; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/555).

K811.1.1. K811.1.1. With help of captor’s daughter, prisoners slay many of his soldiers at a banquet. (cf. K781.) English: Wells 85 (The Sowdone of Babylone).

K811.1.2. K811.1.2. Enemies invited to feast and poisoned. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K811.2. K811.2. Jackals persuaded to enter pit to escape coming storm. Killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K811.3. K811.3. Cruel king lured to enemy‘s power by invitation to false execution. He comes to see a girl die and is killed himself. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K811.4. K811.4. Hostile visitors lured into iron house concealed by wooden walls. Hosts set fire to house. Irish myth: Cross.

K811.5. K811.5. Pretended friend puts food on far side of hidden ditch, victim falls in and is killed. Africa (Fang): Tessman 42.

K812. K812. Victim burned in his own house (or hiding place). Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys, Panchatantra III 16 (tr. Ryder) 364; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 32, 75.

K812.1. K812.1. Dupe‘s house set afire so that he is burned in trying to put out fire. India: Thompson-Balys.

K812.1.1. K812.1.1. Boy teaches giants how to lay a carpet of dried grass and naphtha over the hard ground floor of their cave, sets fire to it and thus suffocates them. India: Thompson-Balys.

K812.2. K812.2. Men lured to their death when their fields are set on fire. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K812.3. K812.3. Monkey lures tiger into tree-top and sets fire to it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K812.4. K812.4. Owner burns intruder in house. India: Thompson-Balys.

K813. K813. Stag killed by lion into whose den the fox puts him. Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 85), 97 (ST 106, 192); Halm Aesop No. 243; India: Thompson-Balys.

K813.1. K813.1. Whimbrel sends his adulterous mate to meet him in cave. He has arranged with lion to be there to eat her. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

K813.2. K813.2. Hare tricks civet cat into being eaten by lion. Africa (Dzalamo): Meinhof ZsES XI 281.

K814. K814. Overcurious dupe enters trickster’s basket and is killed. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 197 No. 25.

K815. K815. Victim lured by kind words approaches trickster and is killed. *Type 242; Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 101), 97 (ST 112); Halm Aesop No. 263; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 33 No *127A; India: *Thompson-Balys, Panchatantra III 13 (tr. Ryder) 368; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 276 No. 41, (Kaffir): Theal 177; West Indies: Flowers 528.

K815.1. K815.1. Fox persuades cock to come down and talk to him. Kills him. Chauvin II 94 No. 44; Bшdker Exempler 291 No. 48; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K815.1.1. K815.1.1. Fox tries to persuade cock to come down and talk to him. Cock calls dog and fox flees. India: Thompson-Balys.

K815.2. K815.2. Spider invites wasp (fly) to rest on her ”white curtain“. Eats her. Herbert III 40ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K815.3. K815.3. Dogs listen to wolves‘ hypocritical words. Are killed. Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 90), 97 (ST 109); Halm Aesop No. 266.

K815.4. K815.4. Cat invites hens to a feast and kills them. Wienert FFC LVI *49 (ET 87), 96 (ST 105).

K815.5. K815.5. Owl invites cricket to share his nectar. Kills him. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 159), 118 (ST 280).

K815.6. K815.6. Snake promises to do no harm to frog. Kills him. Panchatantra III 13, (tr. Ryder) 368; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 127.

K815.7. K815.7. Cat acts as judge between sparrow and hare; eats them both. *Penzer V 102 n. 2; Chauvin II 96 No. 50; Bшdker Exempler 294 No. 55; Panchatantra III 2, (tr. Ryder) 315 (partridge and rabbit); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K815.8. K815.8. Hawk persuades doves to elect him their king. Kills them. Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 60), 97 (ST 107).

K815.9. K815.9. Tiger flatters cow into showing that she has few teeth. Kills her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K815.10. K815.10. Weasel induces cuckoo to tell him that it cries at night when asleep. Hence weasels can kill cuckoos. India: Thompson-Balys.

K815.11. K815.11. Wounded wolf persuades lamb to bring him a drink, adding that he will get his own food. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K815.12. K815.12. Boat lured to land with kind words and wrecked in order to take vengeance on the men. Icelandic: Boberg.

K815.13. K815.13. Cat makes truce with mice. When they have become friendly, he eats them. Bшdker Exempler 306 No. 81; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K815.14. K815.14. Fish tricked by crane into letting selves be carried from one pond to another. The crane eats them when they are in his power. (Cf. K713.1.2.) Bшdker Exempler 281 No. 26; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 260.

K815.14.1. K815.14.1. Fish, lured by kind words, are killed by old man. India: Thompson-Balys.

K815.15. K815.15. Cat lures young foxes from den with music. Kills them. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 133*; Russian: Andrejev No. 61 II*; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX No. 133*.

K815.16. K815.16. Jackal feigns holiness but seizes worshipping rats. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 291.

K815.17. K815.17. King of fishes eats his subjects as they pay him their respects day and night. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 269.

K815.18. K815.18. Serpent asks his victim to feed him with honey, then seizes and swallows him. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 71.

K815.19. K815.19. Victim told to stand ready by tree to catch bee nest as it falls; trickster throws club at him instead. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 75.

K816. K816. Dupe lured to supposed dance and killed. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 82 No. 19.

K818. K818. Victim persuaded to disarm. Killed. Irish myth: Cross.

K818.1. K818.1. Man killed with sword, which he himself is tricked into passing to captured enemy. Herrmann Saxo II 197--98; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K818.2. K818.2. Giantess killed with the spear she herself has given hero. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga Stбrfsama 622, Boberg.

K818.3. K818.3. Victim‘s arrows made harmless. India: Thompson-Balys.

K818.4. K818.4. Deception by hiding weapons. India: Thompson-Balys.

K821. K821. Fairies in animal form persuaded they will hear music better in own shapes. Are killed. Irish myth: Cross.

K822. K822. Women draw warrior aside so that confederate may kill him. Irish myth: Cross.

K824. K824. Sham doctor kills his patients. Bшdker Exempler 289 No. 42; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 220 No. 98; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 271a; Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 171f.; West Indies: Flowers 529; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 256 No. 38.

K824.1. K824.1. Sham doctor kills ogre (giant). *BP III 375; **Hackman Polyphemsage; Icelandic: *Boberg; Melanesia, Indonesia: Dixon 188f. nn. 6--8; S. A. Indian (Quiche): Alexander Lat. Am. 169.

K825. K825. Victim persuaded to hold out his tongue: cut off. Robbers induced by various excuses (to learn to sing, to learn foreign language, to have a hair taken off the tongue). Type 1653; *Cosquin I 244f.; Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 141 No. 1654; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 147, 181--8; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K825.1. K825.1. Cormorant’s tongue pulled out by putting louse on it. Dh III 28; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109aa.

K825.1.1. K825.1.1. Victim persuaded to hold out tongue: bitten off. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K825.2. K825.2. Elephant killed by cutting off trunk which is poked into cave after victims. India: Thompson-Balys.

K825.3. K825.3. Man causes victim to bite his tongue off. U.S.: Baughman.

K825.4. K825.4. Man persuaded to hold out hand for alleged letter from king. Hand cut off. India: Thompson-Balys.

K826. K826. Hoodwinked dancers. A trickster induces ducks to dance with closed eyes and kills them. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 295 n. 82, (California): Gayton and Newman 83, 85.

K827. K827. Dupe persuaded to relax vigilance; seized.

K827.1. K827.1. Fox persuades bird to show him how she acts in a storm: he devours her. (Bird has advised other bird how to avoid the fox; he is revenged.) *Type 56A; Dh IV 279; Chauvin II 112 No. 81; Bшdker Exempler 306 No. 82; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 258f.; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 36 No. 5, (Hottentot): Bleek 21 No. 11; West Indies: Flowers 529.

K827.2. K827.2. Cannibals persuaded to take snuff: killed. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 142.

K827.3. K827.3. Dupe persuaded to sing (dance) on trickster‘s body. When he approaches the mouth he is killed. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 92 No. 19; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 109 No. 63.

K827.4. K827.4. Fox shams death and catches crows that come to feed on him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K827.5. K827.5. Cheese smeared on crab lures giant to smell him. Crab pinches giant’s neck and kills him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K828. K828. Bloodthirsty animal by trickery admitted to fold: kills peaceful animal. Type 123; India: Thompson-Balys.

K828.1. K828.1. Fox in sheepskin gains admission to fold and kills sheep. *Herbert III 36ff.; Hervieux IV 222 No. 51; Jacobs Aesop 209 No. 39; Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 35), 68 (ET 325), 96 (ST 100); Halm Aesop No. 376; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K828.2. K828.2. Fox feigning illness admitted to hen-roost and kills the hens. Herbert III 36; Hervieux IV 221 No. 50; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K828.3. K828.3. Wolf tries to cheat ewe by posing as ram. India: Thompson-Balys.

K831. K831. Victim killed while being bathed. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 269 n. 2 (Agamemnon); India: *Thompson-Balys.

K831.1. K831.1. Slave washing mistress’s back in stream pushes her into crocodile hole. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 333.

K831.1.1. K831.1.1. Trickster sends dupe to well for drink of water; pushes him in. India: Thompson-Balys.

K831.2. K831.2. Monkey killed by girls who pretend to wash its buttocks. India: Thompson-Balys.

K832. K832. Dupe induced to look about: seized and killed. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

K832.1. K832.1. Jealous wife tells sister to look below: pushes her over cliff. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 153.

K832.1.1. K832.1.1. Victim persuaded to look into well or pond: pushed in. Type 408; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K832.2. K832.2. Fencer calls opponent‘s attention to something behind him: when opponent looks around he cuts off his head. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 311; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K832.3. K832.3. Female confederate disrobes before hero, who is attacked when he looks away. Irish myth: Cross.

K832.4. K832.4. Man gets bear off guard by telling her to listen for hunters: kills her. Chinese: Graham.

K832.5. K832.5. Victim persuaded to look for certain tree: pushed over cliff. Chinese: Graham.

K832.6. K832.6. Man asked to look at birds: pulled into pool. India: Thompson-Balys.

K833. K833. Man lured into aiding trickster who has feigned an accident or needs help. Is killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/59); S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 74.

K834. K834. Victim killed while asleep in killer‘s house. India: Thompson-Balys.

K834.1. K834.1. Dupe tricked into sleeping. Killed. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K835. K835. Dragon deceived into listening to tale: hero cuts off its head. Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 86.

K836. K836. Ferocious boar fed and put to sleep by rubbing. Killed. (Aper.) *Campbell Sages lxxxii.

K837. K837. Victim killed while load is being taken from his back. India: Thompson-Balys.

K838. K838. Victim lured into trough: is pounded up with poisoned fish. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hausa): Frobenius Atlantis IX 277ff., 287ff., Nos. 74, 75.

K839. K839. Fatal deception into trickster’s power--miscellaneous.

K839.1. K839.1. Victim enticed into eating: killed when off guard. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 87.

K839.2. K839.2. Victim lured into approach by false token. Irish myth: *Cross.

K839.3. K839.3. Victim enticed into drinking by over-salting his food: killed when off guard. Icelandic: Boberg.

K839.4. K839.4. King who demands milk from all hornless cows forced to accept bogstuff milked from wooden cows: he dies. Irish myth: Cross.

K839.5. K839.5. Camel lures wolf into looking at the writing on his breast. Crushes wolf. India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark 112.

K839.6. K839.6. Supernaturals tricked into (fatal) exposure to daylight. Marquesas: Beckwith Myth 257.

K840. K840. Deception into fatal substitution.

K841. K841. Substitute for execution obtained by trickery. *Type 1538; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 172--4, 193, 196; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 191.

K841.1. K841.1. Substitute for execution obtained by trickery. Report that man executed just then will be king in heaven. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K842. K842. Dupe persuaded to take prisoner‘s place in a sack: killed. The bag is to be thrown into the sea. The trickster keeps shouting that he does not want to go to heaven (or marry the princess); the dupe gladly substitutes for him. (Cf. K714.2.1.) *Types 1525A, 1535, 1737; *BP II 10ff., III 188, 192, 393; *Fb ”sжk“ III 720b; *Cosquin Йtudes 392; *Chauvin V 247 No. 147 n. 1. -- Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1535A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1535B*; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 23; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163-7, 172-4; New Mexican Spanish: Espinosa JAFL XXIV 419ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 104 No. 56; Indonesia: Dixon 191 n. 14, De Vries’s list No. 276, Coster-Wijsman 26 No. 5; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 196, 438, 444; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 419ff.; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis II 220ff., VIII 54f., 61f., 175ff.; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 111 No. 23, 140 No. 29, Nights 177 No. 31, 185, No. 32, (Alabama): Work JAFL XXXII 400; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 82 No. 39, Edwards MAFLS III 63, Finlay JAFL XXXVIII 293; Antigua, British West Indies: Johnson JAFL XXXIV 54.

K842.1. K842.1. Dupe persuaded to take prisoner‘s place suspended in air. Type 1535; India: Thompson-Balys.

K842.2. K842.2. Dupe persuaded to take prisoner’s place in pit. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K842.3. K842.3. Tied animal persuades another to take his place. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K842.4. K842.4. Raja substitutes himself for condemned man. Made to believe that this will take him to heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

K843. K843. Dupe persuaded to be killed in order to go to heaven. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 276, Dixon 201 n. 38*.

K843.1. K843.1. Dupes persuaded to be burned, thinking they will be sent back with gifts. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K844. K844. Dupe persuaded to play for wedding party. Takes place of trickster, who sets fire and burns him up. Mexico: Boas JAFL XXV 207, 238, Mechling JAFL XXV 202; New Mexico: Espinosa JAFL XXIV 419. Cf. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 90 No. 17.

K845. K845. Pursuer persuaded to take fugitive’s place in supposed swing. Hanged. (Cf. K852.) Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 71, Voorhoeve 79.

K846. K846. Trickster being attacked by ferocious animal persuades dupe to take his place. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K850. K850. Fatal deceptive game.

K851. K851. Deceptive game: burning each other. Dupe burned (boiled) to death. Indonesia: Dixon 197; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 340 n. 226; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 98, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 378 No. 3, (Basuto): Jacottet 14 No. 1, 18 No. 12, (Thonga): Junod 215, (Zulu): Callaway 6; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 242 No. 16; West Indies: Flowers 530.

K852. K852. Deceptive game: hanging each other. Dupe really hanged. *Penzer I 157; *Kцhler-Bolte I 210, 585; Icelandic: Boberg; Danish: Christensen DF XLVII 200 No. 36; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 122 Nos. 40-42; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 19; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 30 No. 3.

K853. K853. Fatal game: drowning. American Negro (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 261.

K854. K854. Fatal game: throwing from cliff. Spider throws its young; other animal imitates. N. A. Indian (Pueblo): Parsons JAFL XXXI 227f.

K855. K855. Fatal swinging game. Old woman causes swing to break when her rival is swinging. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 262. Cf. Indonesia: DeVries Volksverhalen I 374 No. 44.

K855.1. K855.1. Deceptive game: bear cubs sway in tree. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 95.

K856. K856. Fatal game: dying and reviving. Hero has power of resuscitation but fails to revive his enemy. Japanese: Ikeda; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/116); S. A. Indian (Quiche): Alexander Lat. Am. 175.

K857. K857. Deceptive game: throwing away knives. (Not fatal.) Africa (Fang): Tessman 40; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 239 No. 11.

K858. K858. Fatal game: shaving necks. Dupe’s head cut off. Africa (Benga): Nassau 144 No. 16; West Indies: Flowers 531.

K861. K861. Fatal game: sewing each other up. Hare is partly sewed up, but he sews antelope entirely up so that he dies. Africa (Thonga): Junod 212.

K863. K863. Shooting game: blind man‘s arrow aimed. It kills his friend. (Balder’s death.) Icelandic: Boberg.

K863.1. K863.1. Jealous husband tricks blind poet into slaying wife‘s lover with infallible spear. Irish myth: Cross.

K864. K864. Fatal apple-throwing game. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17.

K865. K865. Fatal game: putting heads in notches. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17 and note.

K866. K866. Fatal game: rolling down hill on barrel. Dupe crushed. Irish myth: Cross.

K867. K867. Fatal duel: brother kills brother in pretended game.

K867.1. K867.1. Deceptive sword-game: brother killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

K868. K868. Deceptive game: butting one another like rams. Robbers kill selves. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K869. K869. Fatal deceptive game--miscellaneous.

K869.1. K869.1. Deceptive game: fox wants to be frightened; titmouse whistles for dogs and the fox is nearly caught. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K869.2. K869.2. Deceptive hide and seek game. Hide and seek game proposed by seven demons so as to kill hero. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K869.3. K869.3. Deceptive game: ”Eat me up!“ Camel is killed by lion. India: Thompson-Balys.

K869.4. K869.4. Fatal swimming race. To trick spirits hero proposes a swimming race. As each spirit arrives, hero drowns it. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 441.

K870. K870. Fatal deception by narcotic (intoxication).

K871. K871. Fatal intoxication. Korean: Zong in-Sob 168 No. 72; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 441; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 397; West Indies: Flowers 531.

K871.1. K871.1. Army intoxicated and overcome. Kцhler-Bolte I 512; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

K871.2. K871.2. Slaughter of drunken enemies in banquet hall. (Cf. K811.1.) Greek: Grote I 150.

K872. K872. Judith and Holofernes: girl from enemy camp chosen to sleep with intoxicated general kills him in bed. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Gaster Exempla 230 No. 251, *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 362f., *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

K872.1. K872.1. Girl kills man sleeping with her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K873. K873. Fatal deception by giving narcotic. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV 5; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Einstein 66, (Basuto): Jacottet 16 No. 2.

K873.1. K873.1. King given sleeping potion and then beheaded in his bed by his wife. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K873.2. K873.2. Groom murdered, while watchmen and bride are brought to sleep by music. Icelandic: Boberg.

K873.3. K873.3. Boy makes adversary insensible by substituting opium for half of tobacco in pipe. India: Thompson-Balys.

K873.4. K873.4. Drug introduced into half of fruit from enemy‘s fingernail where it has been hidden. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 556.

K874. K874. Deception by pretended lousing. Irish myth: Cross: India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 12; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 502, RMLP XXXIII 144.

K874.1. K874.1. Ape pretends to louse heron, but plucks out his feathers. Indonesia: *DeVries‘s list No. 34, Dixon 193 n. 19*.

K875. K875. Fatal deception by pretended combing of victim’s hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

K890. K890. Dupe tricked into killing himself. Missouri French: Carriиre.

K890.1. K890.1. Poor man deceives rich man, plays tricks on him, causes his death. Irish myth: Cross.

K891. K891. Dupe tricked into jumping to his death.

K891.1. K891.1. Intruding wolf tricked into jumping down chimney and killing himself. *Type 333; *BP I 40. Cf. Type 124.

K891.2. K891.2. Ape tricked into jumping on to stakes and killing himself. Indonesia, Japan, Melanesia: Dixon 194 nn. 26-28, Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 68, 92.

K891.3. K891.3. Monkey tricked into jumping in water and drowning self. Jackal hides in reeds which screen water. India: Thompson-Balys.

K891.4. K891.4. Dupe tricked into jumping on supposed funeral pyre of beloved. India: Thompson-Balys.

K891.5. K891.5. Dupe induced to jump over precipice. India: Thompson-Balys.

K891.5.1. K891.5.1. Animals (giants) enticed over precipice. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 299 n. 91; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 37 No. 18.

K891.5.2. K891.5.2. Dupe crowded over precipice. Type 10***; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 41.

K891.5.3. K891.5.3. Dupes persuaded to be thrown over precipice. (Cf. K842.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K891.5.4. K891.5.4. Dupes deceived into falling over precipice. U.S.: Baughman (K894.4, K894.5); India: Thompson-Balys (K894.4); Tonga: Gifford 101.

K892. K892. Dupe crowded into the water: drowns. Type 10**; S. A. Indian (Tembй): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 140.

K893. K893. Dupe forced on to thin ice: drowns himself. Type 10*.

K893.1. K893.1. Man leads pursuers to edge of thin ice, swerves suddenly; they fall through the ice. U.S.: Baughman.

K895. K895. Cannibals enticed to climb slippery barricade: fall. Sulka of New Britain: Dixon 131, *132 n. 2.

K896. K896. Animal left out of his element: dies or escapes.

K896.1. K896.1. Beaver and porcupine trick each other. Beaver carries porcupine and abandons him in the center of a lake. Porcupine causes the lake to freeze and escapes. He then carries beaver and abandons him in the top of a tree. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 302 n. 106.

K897. K897. Dupe tricked on to slippery road lined with knives. He kills himself. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 36 No. 3.

K897.1. K897.1. Snake killed by putting knives in animal he is swallowing. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K897.2. K897.2. Animal killed by axes (knives) left in tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

K897.2.1. K897.2.1. Giant impales self on javelin fugitive holds behind himself. India: Thompson-Balys.

K897.3. K897.3. Robbers make stairs slippery so that bathing prince falls. India: Thompson-Balys.

K898. K898. Dupe tricked into measuring boar whose bristles are poisoned. Irish myth: *Cross.

K910. K910. Murder by strategy. Types 10**, 221, 228; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

K911. K911. Feigning death to kill enemy. *Type 56B; Wienert FFC LVI *59 (ET 207), 98 (ST 125); Halm Aesop No. 225; Chauvin III 76 No. 50; Herbert III 36ff.; Hervieux IV 220 No. 49.--Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1131; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 35; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 17 No. 1.

K911.1. K911.1. Sham death to wound enemies. Trickster lets himself be buried alive and stabs his enemies from the grave when they come to defile his body. *Type 1539; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 198 No. 391; Chauvin VII 151ff. No. 430.

K911.2. K911.2. Man feigns death to stab brother who comes to grieve. Irish myth: *Cross.

K911.3. K911.3. Sleep feigned to kill enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

K911.4. K911.4. Sham dead king jumps up and kills the nearest slave. Icelandic: Boberg.

K911.5. K911.5. Feigning deafness to lure enemy close and to kill him. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K912. K912. Robbers’ (giants‘) heads cut off one by one as they enter house. *Types 304, 956AB; *BP I 373; *Fb ”hoved“ I 654b, ”rшver“ III 132a; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K912.0.1. K912.0.1. Robbers’ (giants‘) noses cut off as they enter house. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K912.0.2. K912.0.2. Robbers’ (giants‘) hands cut off as they enter house. India: Thompson-Balys.

K912.1. K912.1. Giant’s (giantess‘s) head cut off as he (she) looks out. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Skaldsk. II, *Boberg.

K912.2. K912.2. Men lured into serpent pit one by one and killed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K912.3. K912.3. Ogre suitor persuaded by woman to bury her murdered lover: she cuts off his head. India: Thompson-Balys.

K913. K913. Disguised hero attacks enemy at feast. Boje 66; Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

K913.1. K913.1. Disguised shipwrecked men admitted to the king‘s house kill him at Yule feast in revenge for murder. Icelandic: Hбlfdanar saga Eysteinssonar ch. 7--8 (cf. introd. 23--24), *Boberg.

K914. K914. Murder from ambush. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K914.1. K914.1. Bear killed from ambush as he leaves his cave. India: Thompson-Balys.

K914.2. K914.2. Rock hurled down hill slays enemy passing below. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 433.

K914.3. K914.3. Slaying under cover of darkness. Jewish: *Neuman.

K916. K916. Dancer stabs spectator. Uses one of the figures of the dance as a ruse. *Chauvin V 84 No. 24 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 57.

K916.1. K916.1. Peacock helper dances before enemy army of hero; flame of fire from her tail burns them all to ashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K917. K917. Treacherous murder during hunt. Boje XIX 61, 64; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K918. K918. Man murdered while praying. India: Thompson-Balys.

K921. K921. Fox rids himself of fleas. He lets himself sink in water somewhat with a bundle of hay. The fleas gather on the hay-bundle and he dives into the water. Type 63*; *Fb ”rжv“ III 114a; Russian: Andrejev No. 63; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K922. K922. Artificial whale made as stratagem. Enemies surprised and killed. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 358 n. 287j.

K923. K923. Murder by bleeding: taking more blood than victim realizes. England: Baughman.

K924. K924. Person cuts drawbridge partly through. Giant falls into moat. (Cf. K14, K1431, K1961.1.3.) England: *Baughman.

K925. K925. Victim pushed into fire. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 60 No. 435*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K925.1. K925.1. Hero entices enemies into building and sets fire to it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K926. K926. Victim pushed into water. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1260.

K927. K927. Slaughter of animals by stampede. India: Thompson-Balys.

K928. K928. Murder through transformation.

K928.1. K928.1. Serpent transforms self to staff, is picked up and bites enemy. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K929. K929. Murder by strategy--miscellaneous.

K929.1. K929.1. Murder by leaving poisoned wine. See all references to K1685.

K929.2. K929.2. One-eyed doe outwitted by approaching from her blind side. Accustomed to feed on a cliff with her sound eye next the land. Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 287), 140 (ST 463); Halm Aesop No. 126; Jacobs Aesop 216 No. 66.

K929.3. K929.3. Ruler promises minister that he will not kill him ”on any day of his life.“ Dispels his suspicions. Has him killed at night. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K929.4. K929.4. Pretended flight draws victims. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K929.5. K929.5. Murder by slipping gold coins into meat customarily demanded by enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

K929.6. K929.6. Murder by feigned quarrel. Peacemaker killed. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

K929.7. K929.7. Men deceived into killing each other. Irish myth: Cross; Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 60ff.

K929.8. K929.8. Hero, who has eloped with affianced wife of king, induced to return to court and treacherously slain during enforced absence of his sureties at drinking bouts. Irish myth: *Cross.

K929.9. K929.9. Murder by pushing off cliff. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 356; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 331; Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 188.

K929.10. K929.10. Old wife provokes sparrow to speak and therefore drop new wife whom he is carrying in his beak. India: Thompson-Balys.

K929.11. K929.11. Concealed weapons in food basket sent king: kills servant who opens it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K929.12. K929.12. False message from other world causes man to go on funeral pyre. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K929.13. K929.13. Hare causes pursuing she-bear to stick between trees and kills her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K930. K930. Treacherous murder of enemy’s children or charges. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K931. K931. Sham nurse kills enemy‘s children. *Type 37; *Dh IV 247; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 93ff.; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1144; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 19ff.; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 23; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 300 n. 97; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 179; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 44 No. 5, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 388 No. 14, (Zulu): Callaway 24, (Kaffir): Theal 111, (Benga): Nassau 125 No. 12; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 344 No. 60.

K931.1. K931.1. Trickster employed to educate baby crocodiles: he eats them instead. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K932. K932. Trickster pollutes nest and brood of bird. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109a.

K933. K933. Trickster eats all of tiger‘s cubs but one. Counts that one many times and deceives tiger. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 257 No. 39.

K934. K934. Fox as shepherd. A woman in search of a shepherd tries the voices of applicants. The wolf and the bear are rejected, the fox accepted. Type 37*.

K940. K940. Deception into killing own family or animals.

K940.1. K940.1. Man betrayed into eating his own children.

K940.1.1. K940.1.1. Man betrayed into eating his own children and setting the village on fire. (Cf. K941.2, K944.) Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 56.

K940.2. K940.2. Man betrayed into killing his wife or grandmother. *Type 1535, BP II 3ff.

K941. K941. Trickster’s false report of high prices causes dupe to destroy his property.

K941.1. K941.1. Cows killed for their hides when large price is reported by trickster. *Type 1535; *BP II 1ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 27 No. 5.

K941.1.1. K941.1.1. Wives killed when large price for his mother‘s (wife’s) corpse is reported by trickster. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K941.2. K941.2. Dupe burns house because trickster reports high price paid for ashes. Spanish: Espinosa III No. 193; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 274.

K941.3. K941.3. Enemies each burn own houses to be able to sell ashes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K942. K942. Angry man kills his own horse by mistake. Trickster has shifted the places of his horse and that of the dupe. Type 1544.

K943. K943. Hermit (deceived by the devil) kills his own father, supposing him to be the devil. Herbert III 5; Crane Vitry 168 No. 76; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K944. K944. Deceptive agreement to kill wives (children). Trickster shams the murder; dupe kills his. *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 241; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Weeks Jungle 384, (Thonga): Junod 217, (Fang): Einstein 155, (Cameroon): Meinhof 70, 73, Lederbogen 77, (Fjort): Dennett 85 No. 20, (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 56, (Jaunde): Heepe 105, (Wachaga): Gutmann 186f.

K945. K945. Woman tricked into giving poison to her husband: thinks it a love-philtre. Greek: Fox 94 (Deianeira).

K946. K946. Bird flies on head of dupe’s child. Dupe strikes at bird and kills child. Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 279, Thomas 159.

K947. K947. King causes his own men to be burned and killed, by mistake or illusion. Icelandic: Boberg.

K948. K948. King lured to send his sons on fatal quests and to kill nephews. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 158--79, Boberg.

K950. K950. Various kinds of treacherous murder. *Type 709; *Bцklen 100ff.

K951. K951. Murder by choking.

K951.0.1. K951.0.1. Deserted wife chokes departing husband. Asks for one last kiss. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 242ff., 376, 384, Neuman.

K951.1. K951.1. Murder by throwing hot stones in the mouth. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 285A*; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 33; Papua: Ker 103; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 324 n. 167; Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 188.

K951.1.1. K951.1.1. Murder by hot iron in mouth. India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 199; Africa (Boloki): Einstein 114, (Upoto): Einstein 141.

K951.1.1.1. K951.1.1.1. Killing tiger by throwing hot hatchet into mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

K951.1.2. K951.1.2. Murder by thrusting spear (tongs) into mouth. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K951.1.3. K951.1.3. Murder by throwing hot fruit into victim‘s mouth. Papua: Ker 103.

K951.2. K951.2. Murder by feeding with bread full of pins. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 285A*.

K951.3. K951.3. Murder by throwing poisoned bread into mouth. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 334b.

K951.4. K951.4. Murder by putting clod into person’s windpipe. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 55.

K951.5. K951.5. Animal killed by forcing ball (of hide, wax, etc.) into throat. Greek: *Robinson Works of Chaucer 966; India: Thompson-Balys.

K951.6. K951.6. Murder by feeding with honey-covered sharpened cross-pieces of wood. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 71.

K952. K952. Animal (monster) killed from within. India: Thompson-Balys; Cook Islands: Beckwith Myth 267; Tonga: Gifford 79, 83; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 438, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 538; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 321 n. 159; Africa (Benga): Nassau 206 No. 32. See also all references to F912.

K952.1. K952.1. Ungrateful river passenger kills carrier from within. Crawls inside during the passage. (Porcupine and buffalo.) India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 302 n. 104.

K952.1.1. K952.1.1. Jackal, swallowed by elephant so it can drink water in his belly, eats elephant‘s liver and kills him. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K952.1.2. K952.1.2. Ungrateful rat defecates upon head of (or kills) octopus that rescues him from sea. Oceania: *Lessa MS.

K952.2. K952.2. Man transforms self to gadfly to enter giant’s stomach and kill him. S. A. Indian (Tehuelche): Alexander Lat. Am. 336.

K952.2.1. K952.2.1. Man kills giant bear by crawling inside and cutting his way out. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 438.

K952.3. K952.3. Animal tricked into seizing hollow log. Man reaches through and pulls animal’s heart out. Irish myth: *Cross.

K953. K953. Murder by squeezing.

K953.1. K953.1. Murder by lacing corset tight. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63 No. 453.

K953.2. K953.2. Murder by wrapping snake around man. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 10.

K953.3. K953.3. Crab carried by crane, clings round his neck and cuts off his head with pincers. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 260.

K953.4. K953.4. Murder by crushing in false embrace. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 996.

K955. K955. Murder by burning. Type 930; Aarne FFC XXIII 85, 92; Jewish: Neuman.

K955.1. K955.1. Murder by scalding. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K955.2. K955.2. Murder by burning in hot oil. India: Thompson-Balys.

K955.3. K955.3. Murder by burning arrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

K956. K956. Murder by destroying external soul. Type 302.

K956.1. K956.1. Gradual murder by piecemeal destruction of separable soul. India: Thompson-Balys.

K957. K957. Murder by blinding. India: Thompson-Balys.

K957.1. K957.1. Killing by throwing hot salt into eyes. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 143.

K958. K958. Murder by drowning. (Cf. K926.) Greek: Grote I 269; Papua: Ker 30, 52, 147; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 163, (Tupinamba): ibid. 135.

K959. K959. Other kinds of treacherous murder.

K959.1. K959.1. Murder by putting mouth of pot over victim’s head. Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 123, 125.

K959.2. K959.2. Murder in one‘s sleep. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K959.2.1. K959.2.1. Woman’s father and brothers kill her husband in sleep for having married against their wishes. Italian Novella: Rotunda

K959.2.2. K959.2.2. Heroes dislike to kill sleeping people. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K959.2.3. K959.2.3. Man murdered at his wife’s side. (Cf. K873.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

K959.2.4. K959.2.4. Woman marries king feigning that she can heal him, and murders him in sleep. Afterward she takes the kingdom together with his counsellor. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K959.2.5. K959.2.5. Hero attacks and kills at night hero who wanted to go to sleep before their fighting. Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 52--55.

K959.3. K959.3. Tent torn down over man, and he is then killed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K959.3.1. K959.3.1. Rafter supporting giant‘s house cut half through, so that it can be drawn down from the outside, and the giant killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

K959.4. K959.4. Murder from behind. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K959.5. K959.5. Thorns planted so that birds are killed when they light on field. India: Thompson-Balys.

K959.6. K959.6. Post-hole murder: people invite boy to enter post-hole and then try to crush him with log. Oceania: *Lessa MS.

K960. K960. Other fatal deceits.

K961. K961. Flesh of certain animal alleged to be only cure for disease: animal to be killed. (The sick lion.) *Type 50; *Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 21ff.; **Graf FFC XXXVIII 20; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 494; Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 55), 50 (ET 102), 99 (ST 129), 100 (ST *133); Halm Aesop No. 255; Herbert IV 431f.; Chauvin III 78; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 19 No. 10.

K961.0.1. K961.0.1. Blood of certain animal said to be sweet. Its death thus brought about. *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 57 No. 20; American Negro: Harris Friends 45ff. No. 6.

K961.1. K961.1. Disease to be cured by heart of monkey. (Cf. K544.) *Penzer V 128f., 128 n. 1; Bшdker Exempler 298 No. 62; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda. Also references to K544.

K961.1.1. K961.1.1. Tit for tat. Wolf tells sick lion that fox does not esteem him. Fox overhears it. Later fox tells lion that his only cure lies in his wrapping himself in the wolf‘s skin. Wolf is killed. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K961.2. K961.2. Flesh (vital organs) of certain person alleged to be only cure for disease. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 882; Africa (Temne): Schlenker Collection of Temne Traditions (London, 1861) 87ff. No. 7, (Hausa): Tremearne FL XXII 464ff. No. 50.

K961.2.1. K961.2.1. Brain of snake said to be only cure for monkey’s disease. Monkey to be killed by snake when he goes to hole. Bшdker Exempler 305 No. 79; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K961.2.2. K961.2.2. Ogress wife demands eyes of six wives of raja or she will die. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K962. K962. Camel induced to offer himself as sacrifice. Other animals feign to offer themselves to the lion as food. The lion eats the camel. Penzer V 53 n. 1; Chauvin II 89 No. 29; Bшdker Exempler 284 No. 31; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K963. K963. Rope cut and victim dropped. Man is being hauled up on the rope. *Type 301; *BP II 300ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 115 No. 960; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 78; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 242 No. 17; West Indies: Flowers 532.

K963.1. K963.1. Rope of mountain-climber cut and victim dropped. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K964. K964. Barber killed when hero reports king‘s ancestors need his services in heaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

K974. K974. Man with deformed head slays his barbers. Irish myth: *Cross.

K975. K975. Secret of strength treacherously discovered. *Type 590; BP I 551, III 2 n. 1; *Frazer Old Testament II 480; Huet Contes Populaires 134; MacCulloch Childhood 58; Krappe Revue Archйologique (1933) 195--211.--Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 392, (Pawnee): Dorsey CI LIX 104 No. 25, (Arikara): Dorsey CI XVII 84ff. Nos. 25, 26, (Crow): Simms FM II 309 No. 20.

K975.1. K975.1. Pretended exchange of confidences as to the one thing that can kill. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson PMLA XXXVII 133.

K975.1.1. K975.1.1. Hero tells enemies how he may be killed. Marquesas: Handy 105.

K975.2. K975.2. Secret of external soul learned by deception. *Type 302; Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 65--67; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K976. K976. Daughter pulls out father‘s magic life-containing hair. As soon as it is taken out he dies. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 117 n. 3 (Nisus).

K978. K978. Uriah letter. Man carries written order for his own execution. *Types 428, 930; *Aarne FFC XXIII 64ff., 91; Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 38, Beal XXI 314; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 262ff., Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 828, II 267; Japanese: Ikeda. See also all references to K511.

K978.1. K978.1. Message of death. Man carries unwittingly an oral order for his own execution. See all references to K1612.

K978.1.1. K978.1.1. Leopard and crocodile both sent for the dog. Neither has seen a dog nor have they seen each other. Man sends them to the same place saying that the dog will be there. They kill each other. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 99 No. 26.

K978.2. K978.2. Message of death lost. India: Thompson-Balys.

K981. K981. Fatal deception: changed message from oracle. Greek: Fox 108 (Phrixos).

K982. K982. Dupe induced to stand under falling tree. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 70, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 43.

K983. K983. Dupe persuaded to climb tree. Tree felled and dupe killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K983.1. K983.1. Tree cut down to get at victim in top. Alu: Wheeler No. 54; Mono: ibid. No. 21; Buin: ibid. No. 4; Papua: Ker 86.

K983.2. K983.2. Dupes lured onto tree-trunk bridge; fall to death. S. A. Indian (Kaigang): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 148.

K984. K984. Man is lured into sitting in a mechanical chair and is killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K985. K985. Magic horse lent by fairy in disguise brings about death of mortal. Irish myth: Cross.

K986. K986. Murder induced by bribery (lands, riches, wives). Irish myth: *Cross.

K988. K988. Person thrown out of magic airship and killed. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K991. K991. Dupe persuaded to go to dangerous place; killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K991.1. K991.1. Brother causes brother‘s death by sending him to robbers and giving false advice. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1000--K1199.

K1000--K1199. Deception into self-injury.

K1000. K1000. Deception into self-injury. Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 9--20.

K1010. K1010. Deception through false doctoring. Type 1136; Chinese: Graham.

K1010.1. K1010.1. Remedy: covering with dry leaves. Victim burned up. (Cf. K1013.2.) Africa (Wakweli): Bender 88f.

K1011. K1011. Eye-remedy. Under pretence of curing eyesight the trickster blinds the dupe. (Often with a glowing mass thrust into the eye.) *Type 1135; *BP III 375; **Hackman Polyphemsage; *Herbert III 40ff.; Hervieux IV 204 No. 29; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 140.

K1011.1. K1011.1. Fool deceived into curing headache by removing his eyes. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1011.2. K1011.2. Ashes as remedy for sore eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1012. K1012. Making the dupe strong. The false doctor injures him.

K1012.1. K1012.1. Making the dupe strong--by castration. *Types 153, 1133.

K1012.2. K1012.2. Making the dupe strong--by scalding. *Type 1134.

K1013. K1013. False beauty-doctor. The trickster pretends to make the dupe beautiful. Injures him. *Cosquin Йtudes 385ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 73, 74; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 467; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 271, (California): Gayton and Newman 83; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 387, (Kaffir): Theal 99, (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 69f., 172.

K1013.1. K1013.1. Making the beard golden: ”such a one“. A man named ”Such a one“ persuades an ogre to have his beard gilded. He covers it with tar and leaves the ogre caught to the tar-kettle. The ogre with his tar-kettle wanders about and asks everyone, ”Have you seen such a one?“ *Type 1138.

K1013.2. K1013.2. ”Painting“ on the haycock. The fox persuades the wolf to lie on the hay in order to be painted. He sets fire to it. *Type 8; *Dh IV 239; *Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 67ff.; American Negro: Harris Friends 60 ff. No. 8.

K1013.2.1. K1013.2.1. Making wife beautiful by burning her. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 175; Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 79.

K1013.2.2. K1013.2.2. Burning children on promise of giving them fawn’s beautiful spots. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 344.

K1013.3. K1013.3. ”Painting“ with a red hot iron. *Type 152*; Russian: Andrejev No. 152.

K1013.4. K1013.4. Trickster to give wings to tiger. Wounds him fatally. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1013.5. K1013.5. False hair-restorer injures patient. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1013.6. K1013.6. Trick: breaking legs for prowess in dancing (or for swiftness). N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 344.

K1014. K1014. Pepper given as ointment for burns. (Cf. K1045.) Japanese: Ikeda; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 69ff. No. 9.

K1014.1. K1014.1. Pepper up noses as remedy. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1014.2. K1014.2. Pepper rubbed on injured skin. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1015. K1015. False remedy for toothache.

K1015.1. K1015.1. Biting on stone given as remedy for toothache. Teeth injured. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1015.2. K1015.2. Leopard wants teeth filed: large stone dropped from tree knocks all leopard‘s teeth out. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 63.

K1016. K1016. Beetles and barley introduced into wounds on pretence of healing them. Irish myth: Cross.

K1017. K1017. Feeling pulse: doctor severs arteries instead. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1018. K1018. Hare flatters other animals into letting it bite off their ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1020. K1020. Deception into disastrous attempt to procure food.

K1021. K1021. The tail fisher. The bear is persuaded to fish with his tail through a hole in the ice. When he is attacked and tries to escape, he loses his tail. *Type 2; *BP II 111; *Dh IV 219; Krohn Bar (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 26ff.; *Fb ”rжv“ III 113b, ”bjшrn“ IV 43a, ”ulv“ III 971a.--Lappish: Qvigstad Lappiske Eventyr II 3, III 3; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 159 No. 69; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 44; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 438; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 120 No. 25, Nights 113 No. 21, (Pennsylvania): Parsons JAFL XXX 214, (Virginia): Smiley JAFL XXXII 361, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXIV 12.

K1021.1. K1021.1. Tail buried (hair tied). Dupe bound fast and then attacked. Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 199--201, 204; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 35, 88; N. A. Indian (Hupa): Goddard U Cal I 154ff., Kroeber JAFL XXI 224; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 6, 358, (Kaffir): Theal 110, 183, (Basuto): Jacottet 20 No. 2, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 385f., (Hottentot): Bleek I No. 1, (Thonga): Junod 217; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 339 No. 59; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII *241 No. 14, 233f.; West Indies: Flowers 533.

K1021.1.1. K1021.1.1. Hair tied to basket so that dupe kills self when she throws basket down. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1021.2. K1021.2. Basket tied to wolf‘s tail and filled with stones. Wolf is persuaded that it is filled with fish. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 28 No. 2, Espinosa III Nos. 199--204, 209, 211, 223, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 3. 4.

K1021.3. K1021.3. Bear persuaded to slide down rock. Wears off tail. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 113 No. 21.

K1022. K1022. Dupe persuaded to steal food: cannot escape.

K1022.1. K1022.1. Wolf overeats in the cellar (smokehouse). Cannot escape through the entrance hole. *Type 41; *BP II 109, IV 318; *Dh IV 232; *Chauvin III 45; Wienert FFC LVI 60 (ET 226); Halm Aesop No. 31; *Graf FFC XXXVIII 71ff.; Herbert III 374 No. 11; Fb ”ulv“ III 971a.--Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 21; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 438; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis XII 291, 327, (Wachaga): Gutmann 188.

K1022.1.1. K1022.1.1. Jackal eating into elephant’s dead body becomes a prisoner when it dries up; is released when storm moistens hide. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1131.

K1022.2. K1022.2. Wolf tied to cow‘s horns. The fox ties one end of the rope around the wolf’s neck, the other to the cow they intend to eat. The cow drags the wolf to the house where the man skins it. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 29 No. 47C*, Espinosa III No. 208.

K1022.2.1. K1022.2.1. Water-monster, trying to pull horse into water, is dragged to house where he begs for his life and is spared. Japanese: Ikeda.

K1022.3. K1022.3. Bear throws hens to the fox, falls from the roof-beam, and is beaten. Type 3B*.

K1022.4. K1022.4. Wolf brings cake from the window-sill. He imitates the fox in so doing, but rings a bell, so that he is beaten. Type 160***.

K1022.5. K1022.5. Turtle induced to rob in a man‘s garden. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 18.

K1022.5.1. K1022.5.1. Otter persuaded to rob: beaten. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1022.6. K1022.6. Fox eats cake: gets brass pot caught on neck. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1022.7. K1022.7. Thieving wolf persuaded to stick head through handle of jar of wine so as to be able to carry it off and also sing. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1023. K1023. Getting honey from the wasp-nest. The dupe is stung. Type 49; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1637*; Mexican: Espinosa JAFL XXIV 419ff.; Chinese: Graham; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 38 No. 26; N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner JAFL XXVI 75; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 44ff.; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 51 No. 10, 83 No. 16, Remus 135 No. 28, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 274.

K1023.1. K1023.1. Dupe allowed to guard ”king’s drum“: it is a wasp nest. India: *Thompson-Balys; Java: Dixon 188 n. 5; cf. DeVries‘s list No. 12.

K1023.1.1. K1023.1.1. Dupe allowed to guard ”king‘s girdle“: it is a snake, which bites him. Indonesia: *DeVries’s list No. 10.

K1023.2. K1023.2. Dupe persuaded to pick up biting ants. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 161, 163.

K1023.3. K1023.3. Dupe persuaded to sit on ant hole. Hindquarters eaten. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1023.4. K1023.4. Animal made to believe sound of swarming bees is that of her children singing in school. Rushes to water to relieve stings and is drowned. Africa (Suto): Jacottet I 36ff. No. 5.

K1023.5. K1023.5. Dupe induced to strike at bee‘s nest: badly bitten. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1024. K1024. Beginning with the smallest. Animals are to eat one another up to avoid starvation. The fox persuades them to start with the smallest. *Type 20; *Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 81ff.

K1025. K1025. Eating his own entrails. The fox persuades the wolf to do so. *Type 21; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 85; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1025.1. K1025.1. The fox suggests eating his own brains. The wolf, wanting to get brains, strikes his head against a tree. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *21A.

K1025.2. K1025.2. Tiger persuaded to eat own eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1026. K1026. Dupe imitates trickster’s thefts and is caught. *Types 1 (and notes to K371.1.), 66**; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 274.

K1032. K1032. Dupe made to sit on hot stone. Chinese: Graham.

K1032.1. K1032.1. Jackal persuaded to come to fireplace for food. Burns self. (Cf. K955.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K1033. K1033. Hot porridge in the ogre‘s throat. He is tricked into burning his throat. *Type 1131.

K1034. K1034. Dupe persuaded to climb rope for food: rope breaks. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 7 No. 3, 9 No. 4, (Kaffir): Theal 190; American Negro: Harris Nights 45.

K1035. K1035. Stone (hard fruit) thrown into greedy dupe’s mouth. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 330; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 10 No. 4, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 387 No. 13.

K1036. K1036. Trickster pretends to give dupe magic power to produce food. Injures him. Chinese: Graham.

K1036.1. K1036.1. Dupe told he can get meat by putting hand up animal‘s anus: animal drags him. (Cf. K952.1, K1022.1.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K1036.1.1. K1036.1.1. Jackal puts head in anus of sham-dead camel: caught and punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1038. K1038. Dupe injures self on fence of thorns surrounding food-plants. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1040. K1040. Dupe otherwise persuaded to voluntary self-injury.

K1041. K1041. Borrowed feathers. Dupe lets himself be carried aloft by bird and dropped. *Type 225; *Parsons JAFL XXXI 218 n. 1; *Fb ”rжv“ III 114a; Herbert III 37ff.; *Dh IV 269; Wienert FFC LVI *46 (ET 51), 50 (ET 98), 93 (ST 63), *123 (ST 320); Halm Aesop No. 419; Gaster Oldest Stories 82.--Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 218--220, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 21--23; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 70, 108; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 294 n. 80, Thompson CColl II 449, (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 30; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 373 No. 23; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 103 No. 21, (Virginia): Bacon and Parsons JAFL XXXV 263.

K1041.1. K1041.1. Flight by putting on bird feathers. Dupe falls. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 295 n. 80.

K1042. K1042. Water bird takes dupe to sea: shakes him off into water. *Type 226; *Fb ”and“ IV 12b; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 69, Dixon 193 *n. 20.

K1042.1. K1042.1. Elephant offers to let chameleon hold on to his tail: it is oiled and chameleon falls off. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 225.

K1043. K1043. Dupe induced to eat sharp (stinging, bitter) fruit. India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 13; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 376.

K1043.1. K1043.1. Monkey ”shares“ ointment with tiger: produces sores. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1043.2. K1043.2. Dupe persuaded to eat stones. Korean: Zong in-Sob 158 No. 69; Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 77.

K1044. K1044. Dupe induced to eat filth (dung). Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 15; Marquesas: Handy 110; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 442; West Indies: Flowers 533.

K1044.1. K1044.1. Dupe induced to drink urine. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1045. K1045. Dupe persuaded to oversalt (overpepper) food. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 197.

K1045.1. K1045.1. Dupe fed oversalted food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1045.2. K1045.2. Dupe persuaded to rub salt on wounds. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1046. K1046. Dupe persuaded to scald self with hot water in order to learn languages. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1047. K1047. The bear bites the seemingly dead horse‘s tail. Is dragged off by the horse. *Type 47A; *BP III 75; Dh IV 235; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 70; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--7, 172--4; Korean: Zong in-Sob 105 No. 56; N. A. Indian (Chickasaw): Speck JAFL XXVI 292; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 8 No. 2, 208 No. 36.

K1051. K1051. Diving for sheep. Dupe persuaded that sheep have been lost in river. *Type 1535; *BP II 1ff.; *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 51; Kцhler-Bolte I 91, 190; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 105 No. 56; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 26 No. 5.

K1051.1. K1051.1. Dupe induced to dive for alleged jewels. Type 1535; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Vai): Klingenheben ZsES XVI 102ff. No. 8, (Madagascar): Renel II 89ff. No. 83.

K1051.2. K1051.2. Diving for clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1051.3. K1051.3. Diving to become strong. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1052. K1052. Dragon attacks own image in mirror. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 40 No. 300; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1054. K1054. Robber persuaded to climb down moonbeam. A man hearing a robber enter tells his wife aloud that he always makes a prayer and then enters the house by climbing down a moonbeam. The thief tries it and falls. *Chauvin II 84, IX 31 No. 22; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 231 No. 81; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 628; Gьnter 104 and note 226; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 21; Bшdker Exempler 274 No. 10; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1055. K1055. Dupe persuaded to get into grass in order to learn new dance. Grass set on fire. Korean: Zong in-Sob 158f. No. 69; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 94.

K1055.1. K1055.1. Crocodile hides in strawstack and is burned to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1056. K1056. Dupe allowed to guard ”king‘s litter“: sticks in mud. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1057. K1057. Gun as tobacco pipe. The trickster gives the ogre the gun to smoke. *Type 1157; *Fb ”tobak“ III 814a.

K1058. K1058. Deer persuaded to butt head into tree. Kills himself. N. A. Indian (Catawba): Speck JAFL XXVI 324 No. 2.

K1058.1. K1058.1. Serpent‘s jewel is covered with spiked helmet so that when he tries to recover it he strikes and is spiked to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1061. K1061. Dupe digs till he dies of exhaustion. Rabbit entertains the wolf with his antics until the rabbit’s wife can change to another hole. The wolf continues to dig. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 31 No. 72A*.

K1062. K1062. Dupe persuaded to transform self into animal. Cannot change back. Chinese: Graham.

K1064. K1064. Man dupes animals into turning their tongues upside down. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1065. K1065. Duck persuades cock to cut off his crest and spurs. The cat attacks the duck, who cries, ”peace, gentlemen, peace!“ Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 36 No. 208*.

K1066. K1066. Dupe induced to incriminate himself. Taught incriminating song or persuaded to wear incriminating clothes. Africa (Nigeria): Tremearne FL XXI 489 No. 20; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 69 No. 13, (Virginia): Smiley JAFL XXXII 366; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 235; Bahama: Parsons MAFLS XIII 70 No. 33; West Indies: Flowers 534.

K1068. K1068. Trickster teaches a dupe a strange language.

K1068.1. K1068.1. The laborer teaches his master birds’ talk. Puts him in a sack and beats him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2443*.

K1068.2. K1068.2. Teaching Latin. Cuts off tip of pupil‘s tongue or orders him to lick cold iron--pupil injures himself. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2444*.

K1071. K1071. Peas strewn on stairs so that person will slip. BP II 57 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1072. K1072. Fairy induces hero to dive into lake which makes person old. Irish myth: Cross.

K1074. K1074. Dupe tricked into sitting on hot iron. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1075. K1075. Fox persuades bear to lie in the haycock and wait for sheep. He sets fire to the hay. (Cf. K1013.2.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1076. K1076. Dupe tricked into breaking tabu by lying. Irish myth: Cross.

K1077. K1077. Men tricked into bathing in ”disease-water“. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1078. K1078. Dupe sleeps on the ”king‘s bed“: falls into well beneath and dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1080. K1080. Persons duped into injuring each other. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1081. K1081. Blind men duped into fighting. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1081.1. K1081.1. Blind men duped into fighting: money to be divided. Trickster says that he is giving one of them money to be divided with the others. Gives it to none. They quarrel and fight. (Cf. K1883.6.) *Wesselski Gonnella 126 No. 21; *Bйdier Fabliaux 447; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1577*; Russian: Andrejev No 1577I*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1081.1.1. K1081.1.1. ”I don’t believe you have a gold coin.“ Trickster handed money by each of four blind beggars, each thinking that member of group speaks. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1081.2. K1081.2. Blind men duped into fighting: stolen meat. The trickster steals one piece of meat. The blind accuse each other and fight. Italian Novella: Rotunda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 298 n. 89; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 82, 124.

K1081.3. K1081.3. Blind men duped into fighting: strings leading to water removed. Fb ”snor“; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 298 n. 89.

K1082. K1082. Ogres (large animals, sharp-elbowed women) duped into fighting each other. Trickster strikes one so that he thinks the other has done it. *Type 1640; BP I 148ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 565; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 20; Greek: Fox 112 (Jason); India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 175 No. 75; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 42, 43, 44; Eskimo (Mackenzie area): Jenness 44; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 37, 376; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 181; Africa: Weeks Jungle 39ff.

K1082.0.1. K1082.0.1. Enemies duped into fighting each other. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1082.1. K1082.1. Missile thrown among enemies causes them to fight one another. DeVries Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde XLVII 73; Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 317 n. 1; Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 286.

K1082.2. K1082.2. Object thrown into air causes enemies to fight over it. Norse: Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 440a n. 287.

K1082.3. K1082.3. Bird lighting on the heads of group of men causes them to kill one another with blows on the head. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1083. K1083. Undesignated present starts quarrel for its possession. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1084. K1084. Liar brings about fight between dupes. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 535.

K1084.1. K1084.1. Trickster tells lies to fishes and causes them to fight. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 304 n. 109j.

K1084.1.1. K1084.1.1. Jackal tells tales so as to get buffalo and tiger to kill each other; feeds on the meat. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 823.

K1084.2. K1084.2. Liar brings enmity between friends. Wesselski Mдrchen 195; Africa (Fang): Tessman 68ff.

K1084.3. K1084.3. Trickster attempts to bring friends to fight. (Plans that one kill the other.) Irish myth: *Cross.

K1084.4. K1084.4. Calumniators try to bring friendly kings to fight, but fail at last. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1085. K1085. Woman makes trouble between man and wife: the hair from his beard. She tells the wife to increase her husband’s love by cutting a hair from his beard. Also tells the husband that his wife will try to cut his throat. He kills his wife. *Type 1353; *Wesselski Mдrchen 194; Chauvin II 158 No. 42, 195 No. 20; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 27 No. 22; *Prato Zs. f. Vksk. IX 189ff., 311ff.; Herbert III 399; Hilka Neue Beitrдge zur Erzдhlungslit. d. Mittelalters 19 No. 17; Scala Celi 109b No. 610; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 48; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1085.1. K1085.1. Woman makes trouble between man and wife (to lick husband‘s body). India: Thompson-Balys.

K1085.2. K1085.2. Woman makes trouble between man and wife: to keep certain rendezvous. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1086. K1086. Woman induces men to fight over her and kill each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1087. K1087. Falsified message brings about a war. Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 191; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 361ff., Boberg.

K1087.0.1. K1087.0.1. Men disrobe and report they have been attacked: bring about war. Irish myth: Cross.

K1087.1. K1087.1. Message falsified to bring about death of lovers. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1088. K1088. Dissension aroused in army by casting suspicion on general. A general destroys everything except what belongs to the general of the enemy. Thus he brings about suspicion that the two leaders are in league. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 539.

K1092. K1092. Brothers duped into killing each other by slander that one of them is father to the other’s child. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1093. K1093. Goddess arouses heroes‘ jealousy and eternal fighting. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 123, Herrmann Saxo II 361ff., Boberg.

K1094. K1094. Treacherous counselor persuades king’s son to woo his father‘s young bride whom he is sent to get, and as he tells the king that he is her lover both are killed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1094.1. K1094.1. God persuades hero to substitute a false bride for his father; this results in a fight where the son kills the father. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1110. K1110. Deceptions into self injury-miscellaneous.

K1111. K1111. Dupe puts hand (paws) into cleft of tree (wedge, vise). *Type 38; *BP I 68, II 99 n. 1; Chauvin II 86 No. 20, III 77; Dh IV 231ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 18, 250; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 64; New Britain: Dixon 195 n. 30; N. A. Indian (Tepoztlan): Boas JAFL XXV 247 No. 2; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 33 No. 7.

K1111.0.1. K1111.0.1. Dupe wishing to learn to play fiddle has finger caught in cleft of tree. *Type 151, 1159; *BP I 68; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1147A*.

K1111.0.1.1. K1111.0.1.1. Dupe wishing to learn to play flute puts tongue in split bamboo. Java: Dixon 188 n. 4.

K1111.1. K1111.1. Ogre‘s (dwarf’s) beard caught fast. *Types 1160, 426; BP III 259; Grimm No. 4 (type 326), 161 (type 426).

K1111.2. K1111.2. Dupe caught in crack in ground. Dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1111.3. K1111.3. Ogre helps tortoise who snaps jaws to and catches him. Africa (Fang): Tessman 16.

K1112. K1112. Bending the tree. Hero bends tree over but when he catches breath the tree shoots him to the sky. *Type 1051; BP III 333.

K1112.1. K1112.1. Tree becomes light (after all honey has been collected from nests), springs back and kills tribe‘s enemies. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1113. K1113. Abandonment on stretching tree. A man is induced to get into a tree which magically shoots upward. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 199, (California): Gayton and Newman 70, 78; Africa (Jaunde): Nekes 236, (Benga): Nassau 176 No. 23.

K1113.1. K1113.1. Dupe persuaded to climb tall tree. Falls. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 357 No. 63.

K1114. K1114. Fox rings the bell. The bear eats a horse which has a bell tied around its neck. The fox rings the bell and gets blamed. Type 40*; Russian: Andrejev No. 40.

K1115. K1115. The oath on the iron. The trickster takes an oath by touching iron (a trap). The dupe imitates but hits the iron so hard that he gets caught. *Type 44; *Kцhler-Bolte I 408f.

K1115.1. K1115.1. Animal gets bait from trap by luring another animal into it. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 35*; Prussian: Plenzat 6; Russian: Andrejev No. 30*; Africa (Hausa): Mischlich Lehrbuch der Hausa-Sprache (Berlin, 1911) 111f. No. 1.

K1116. K1116. Dupe induced to sit on sharp stones (concealed as soft seat). India: Thompson-Balys.

K1117. K1117. Ogre induced to sit on reversed harrow. Type 1059*.

K1121. K1121. Wolf (lion) approaches too near to horse: kicked in face. *Type 47B; *BP III 77; *Baum MLN XXXVII 350ff.; Crane Vitry 147f. No. 33, 197 No. 152.

K1121.1. K1121.1. Wolf (lion) as sham doctor looks at horse‘s foot: kicked in face. *Baum MLN XXXVII 350; Herbert III 13; *Crane Vitry 197 No. 152; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 87; *Wesselski Mдrchen 250 No. 58; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1121.2. K1121.2. Sow kicks wolf into stream when he comes close to baptize her pigs. Thus she saves them from him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1125. K1125. Dupe tries to dig up alleged treasure buried in ant hill: bitten by snake and killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1132. K1132. Peter receives the blows twice. Peter and Christ are sleeping in the same bed. The drunken host returns home and beats Peter, who thereupon changes places with Christ. The host then comes in to beat the other lodger and beats Peter again. *Type 791; *BP III 451 n. 1; *Fb ”Sankt Peder“ III 164a; Zs. f. Vksk. XXXVII 130; *Bolte Zs f. vgl. Littgsch. VII 454; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 791; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 72; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis VII 60f.

K1141. K1141. Dupe persuaded to throw away his knife. Later must go hungry because he has no knife to cut the meat. Africa (Benga): Nassau 86 No. 4, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 381 No. 6, (Kaffir): Theal 106, (Thonga): Junod 220; West Indies: Flowers 535.

K1151. K1151. The lying goat. A father sends his sons one after the other to pasture the goat. The goat always declares that he has had nothing to eat. The father angrily sends his sons from home and learns, when he himself tries to pasture the goat, that he has been deceived. *Type 212; *BP I 346.

K1155. K1155. Casual words uttered by dupe used to cheat him of his property. A miser is persuaded by his servant to fast nine days. He calls out on the fifth day ”the half“ and on the ninth ”the whole“. She makes people believe that he is making his will and giving everything to her. It is so ordered. Danish: Kristensen Jyske Folkeminder VII No. 30.

K1161. K1161. Animals hidden in various parts of a house attack owner with their characteristic powers and kill him when he enters. *Types 130, 210; **Aarne FFC XI; *BP I 75, 135; *Hoebel JAFL LIV 1ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 331; Korean: Zong in-Sob 160 No. 70; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 99.

K1162. K1162. Man persuaded to go to store with scythe. Is tied up as madman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1165. K1165. Secret learned by intoxicating dupe. Penzer V 1f. 3 n. 1; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 363.

K1166. K1166. Plot to induce king to commit a crime. His line thus will forfeit succession. Irish myth: Cross.

K1171. K1171. Dupe tricked in race into falling into a pit. *Type 30.

K1172. K1172. Falling beam in cave kills travelers lured within. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 344.

K1175. K1175. Minister dupes raja into entering body of dead parrot, then enters rajah‘s body. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1177. K1177. Dupe deceived concerning the thunder; finally killed by it. The dupe has asked the trickster to tell him when it thunders. *Type 1148A; Estonian, Finnish, Swedish, Latvian, Lithuanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 13--26. Cf. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 179.

K1178. K1178. Sheep makes fox believe that the hunter is a priest, the dog his servant, etc. Lithuanian: Balys Index 140*.

K1181. K1181. Hot tin under the horse‘s tail. The smith promises to make the horse wild. The numskull on the horse’s back. *Type 1142; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 224 No. 64.

K1182. K1182. Rat leaves serpent behind, through spared to rescue him. The two are imprisoned together in a sevenfold cloth covering. The serpent refrains from eating the rat so that the latter can gnaw the cloth for them. The rat gnaws his own way out and leaves the serpent. Kцhler-Bolte I 535.

K1183. K1183. Tiger persuaded to cross river carrying vat rim-upwards. Trickster fills it with stones and tiger loses it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1200--K1299.

K1200--K1299. Deception into humiliating position.

K1200. K1200. Deception into humiliating position.

K1210. K1210. Humiliated or baffled lovers. Child II 480--93 No. 112; Braga Romanceiro geral Portuguez@2 (Lisbon, 1906) I 230, 260, III 414f.; *Krappe Romania LX 80ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1211. K1211. Vergil in the basket. A lover who is to be pulled up to his mistress‘s window is left hanging in the basket in the public gaze. **Spargo Virgil the Necromancer 136ff., 368ff.; *Comparetti Vergil in the Middle Ages (tr. Benecke) 326ff.; *Lee Decameron 259f.; *Penzer I 42; Clouston Tales II 308; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1211.1. K1211.1. Lover caught in roof. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1212. K1212. Lover left standing in snow while his mistress is with another. He later tricks her into standing a whole day in July in a tower naked exposed to the sun and flies. Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 7 (*Lee 258); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1213. K1213. Terrorizing the paramour (importunate lover).

K1213.1. K1213.1. Woman dares husband to try his sword on pile of clothing which hides her paramour. Stops him just in time. Later the paramour entices her to come to him. Exposes her naked, except for face, to his friends. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1213.1.1. K1213.1.1. Adulteress frightens paramour with cries of ”Rape!“ Then she removes her husband‘s suspicion by feigning a fit. Later the paramour tricks her to his room and shows her naked, except for face, to her husband. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1213.2. K1213.2. Prostitute frightens lover with cries of ”Thief!“ Gets his money. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1214. K1214. Hercules spins for his beloved. Is forced to dress as woman and discharge womanly duties including spinning. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1214.1. K1214.1. Importunate lover induced to dress as woman and sift flour. Is shown to his wife. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Heptameron No. 69; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 17.

K1214.1.1. K1214.1.1. Importunate lover is induced to undergo series of humiliations. (1) Disguise as bakery woman. (2) Disguise as priest. (3) Disguise as corpse. (4) Hiding in wine skin. Humiliated each time. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1215. K1215. Aristotle and Phyllis: philosopher as riding horse for woman. The philosopher warns the king against uxoriousness. In revenge the queen beguiles the philosopher into letting her ride him on all-fours. The king comes and sees. *Type 1501; **Moth Aristoteles-sagnet; **Borgeld Aristoteles en Phyllis (Groningen, 1902); **Sarton Isis XIV (1930) 8ff.; *Basset 1001 Contes II 140; *G. Paris Romania XI 138; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 203 No. 402; Bйdier Fabliaux 204, 386, 448; *Herbert Catalogue III 87; Chavannes III 236; *RTP XV 110; von der Hagen I xxv, 17; Hertz Spielmannsbuch 57, 420; Campion MPh XIII 347; Speyer Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde XXVI 268; Scala Celi 86a No. 501. -- Italian Novella: Rotunda; Indonesia: Voorhoeve 164 No. 170, Bezemer Javaansche en Maleische Fabelen en Legenden 170f.

K1216. K1216. Hidden paramour taken to his own wife. He hides in a chest. The chest is taken by a creditor who unwittingly delivers it to the paramour’s wife. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1217. K1217. Tale of the basin. Lover caught on magic basin and left in embarrassing position. *BP II 40 n. 2; *Wesselski Mдrchen 216 No. 27; *Kittredge Witchcraft 201 nn. 102, 103; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 126--132; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1218. K1218. Importunate lovers led astray.

K1218.1. K1218.1. The entrapped suitors. (Lai l’йpervier.) The chaste wife has them one at a time undress and hide. The husband and guests come and chase them off. *Type 1730; *Penzer I 33ff., 42ff., 160ff.; *Baumgarten Arch. f. rel. Wiss. XXXIV 275 n. 3; Bйdier Fabliaux 454ff.; Chauvin VI 12 No. 185; *Wesselski Morlini 315 No. 73; *Cosquin Йtudes 457ff.; Clouston Tales II 289ff.; von der Hagen III *xxix. Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1730A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1730 II*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1218.1.1. K1218.1.1. The entrapped suitors: the chaste wife tricks them into casks. The husband takes the casks to the marketplace where he opens them. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1218.1.2. K1218.1.2. The entrapped suitors: the chaste wife has them caught. Forces them to work for her. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1218.1.3. K1218.1.3. The entrapped suitor: tricked into room where he is left to himself. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1218.1.3.1. K1218.1.3.1. Importunate lover imprisoned and starved: later given choice of lady or food. Chooses food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1218.1.3.2. K1218.1.3.2. Lover hidden by wife in room made to fall into deep pit of treacle. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1218.1.4. K1218.1.4. Importunate lover (priest) is forced to hide in chest. Husband takes the chest to the waiting congregation. Clever priest comes out enacting the resurrection of Lazarus. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.1.4.1. K1218.1.4.1. Four importunate lovers are forced to hide in four-compartmented chest which is sold. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1218.1.5. K1218.1.5. Importunate suitor enticed into sack and beaten by husband. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1218.1.6. K1218.1.6. Priest caught in lasso by rival lover. Mistress tells knight of priest‘s demands. Knight has her give assignation, and arranges around her a string lasso which he pulls, and catches priest. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 76.

K1218.1.7. K1218.1.7. Importunate suitor has his head shaved and tarred and is put into a sack and returned to his men. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1218.1.8. K1218.1.8. To get ”nothing“ and to show it. Wife pushes lecherous king first into glue and then in the closet with feathers. That is ”nothing“ -- neither bird nor man. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1218.2. K1218.2. Suitor locked in pigsty. Type 1730*; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 31f.

K1218.3. K1218.3. Suitors one by one enticed into graveyard and left together. They later get revenge. Type 940; Sйbillot RTP IX 344, Literature orale de la Haute-Bretagne 142.

K1218.4. K1218.4. Suitors as corpse, angel, and devil. First induced to lie in coffin, second to sit up with the ”corpse“, and the third to carry a firebrand. ”Corpse“ thinks others are angel and devil. All come to blows. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 220; Boccaccio Decameron IX No. 1 (Lee 271); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.4.1. K1218.4.1. Three women humiliate importunate lover. First has him hide on thorns, second has him fall into a hole, third has him fall asleep in the street. In revenge he shows them naked, except for face, to his friends. (Cf. K1213.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.5. K1218.5. Girl asks importunate lover for weapon to use against her father. Instead, she uses it to defend herself against the suitor. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.6. K1218.6. Importunate lover beaten and sent on street bearing humiliating placard. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.7. K1218.7. Importunate lover tied to tree. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.8. K1218.8. Importunate lover beaten with canes filled with straw. He thinks he is severely wounded. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.9. K1218.9. Obscene tricks are played on repugnant simpleton who wishes to marry. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.9.1. K1218.9.1. Importunate lover is given a rendezvous. Obscene tricks played on him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1218.10. K1218.10. Wife takes lover beneath tree where she has told husband to hide. When he begins to kiss her, husband shouts ”Keep a little for me.“ Lover, shamefaced, runs away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1222. K1222. Woman tricks importunate lover with the head of a pike. Thereafter he thinks the vagina is toothed. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1223. K1223. Mistress deceives lover with a substitute. Type 1441*; Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 47; Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 4 (Lee 254); Icelandic: Boberg; Russian: Andrejev No. 1441*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1223.1. K1223.1. Bride escapes from foolish husband and leaves goat as substitute in bed. *Type 1685; *BP I 320.

K1223.2. K1223.2. Mistress sends man’s own wife as substitute without his knowledge. *Gaster Exempla 222 No. 173; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1223.2.1. K1223.2.1. Chaste woman sends man’s own wife as substitute (without his knowledge). Then the first woman‘s husband is substituted for the importunate lover, who has his own wife seduced. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1223.3. K1223.3. Wife (mistress) substitutes for mistress (wife). The woman has been asked for a rendezvous. She tells the suitor‘s wife and they exchange places. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1223.4. K1223.4. Chaste woman substitutes corpse for herself in the bed of an insistent suitor. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1223.5. K1223.5. King’s daughter deceives king by substituting her maid. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1225. K1225. Lover given rump to kiss. Sometimes the trick is played by a rival lover. (Chaucer‘s Miller’s Tale). *Type 1361; *F. N. Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (Boston, 1933) 786b; *Bolte Frey 251 No. 89; *Barnouw ”The Millers Tale van Chaucer“ Handlingen van het 6. nederlandsche Philologencongres, 1910; *Thompson The Miller‘s Tale (Bryan and Dempster 106ff.); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1227. K1227. Lover put off by deceptive respite.

K1227.1. K1227.1. Lover put off till girl bathes and dresses. She escapes. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 257.

K1227.2. K1227.2. Suitors put off till web is woven. Unwoven each night. (Penelope.) *W. Crooke FL IX 97; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 299 n. 2.

K1227.3. K1227.3. Respite from wooer while he brings clothes all night. The girl wastes time trying them on. BP I 221; *Roberts 175; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 120 No. 31; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 345f., 363, 398.

K1227.3.1. K1227.3.1. Girl refuses to dance with a devil until she is well dressed. The devil brings things till the cock crows. Another girl asks for all the things at once and must dance until she dies. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3251, Legends No. 353f., 356--362.

K1227.4. K1227.4. Girl asks undesired lover to take off his boots. She pulls off one partway and escapes. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 24; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1227.4.1. K1227.4.1. Girl tells physician-seducer she cannot meet his wishes until after he bathes. Prepares the bath herself and pours acid into it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1227.5. K1227.5. Woman leaves importunate lover waiting in her room. Feigns illness and then escapes. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1227.5.1. K1227.5.1. Girl puts off consummation of marriage to undesirable suitor by saying her ”stomach is sick“. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1227.6. K1227.6. Girl asks undesired lover to follow her but not to step on her shadow. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1227.7. K1227.7. Girl says she has made vow not to marry until pilgrimage is made. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 26.

K1227.8. K1227.8. Girl as umpire in suitor test (shooting arrows) escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1227.9. K1227.9. Importunate lover kept overlong at supper: must leave. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1227.10. K1227.10. Escape from undesired lover by alleging menstrual period. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1227.10.1. K1227.10.1. Abducted princess tells her abductor to wait for her menstrual period of 12 years to terminate. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1228. K1228. Woman humiliates would-be lover. Knowing that he has deceived another by paying her with gilded coin she answers: ”You will have to pay in better coin than is your wont!“ Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1231. K1231. Chaste woman refers lover to her husband for permission. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 749; Heptameron No. 27; Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1231.1. K1231.1. Chaste woman refers lover to his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1232. K1232. Lover deceived by false suicide agreement. The woman persuades her lover to jump from a cliff; she will follow. She does not jump. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 596.

K1232.1. K1232.1. Lover’s anger softened by sham suicide attempt. Is later scorned. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1233. K1233. Lover humiliated by his impotence. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 28; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1235. K1235. King tricked into sleeping with hag. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1236. K1236. Disguise as man to escape importunate lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1237. K1237. Girl plays at dice with her suitors: locks them up when they are defeated. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1240. K1240. Deception into humiliating position--miscellaneous.

K1241. K1241. Trickster rides dupe horseback. Usually by feigning sickness he induces the dupe to carry him and then boasts that the dupe always acts as his horse. *Types 4, 72; *BP II 117; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 59ff.; *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 66; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IX 115, (Nigeria): Tramearne 322, (Yoruba): Ellis 265, (Angola): Chatelain 203 No. 28; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 24 No. 6, Jones Negro Tales from the Georgia Coast Nos 7, 13, (Virginia): Bacon and Parsons JAFL XXXV 265 266, Speers JAFL XXV 285f., (North Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXX 173, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXIV 5, MAFLS XVI 54, (Louisiana): Johnston JAFL IX 195; American Negro and American Indian: *Thompson CColl II 440, 447; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 235; West Indies: Van Cappelle Mythen en Sagen van West-Indie Nos. 12, 16.

K1241.1. K1241.1. Trickster rides dupe a-courting. Feigns sickness and persuades dupe to carry him. Thus wins the girl. Type 72; Africa (Nupe): Frobenius Atlantis IX 115 No. 3, (Yoruba): Frobenius ibid. X 280ff. No. 40, (Nyanja): Possett Fables of the Veld (London, 1929) 111ff., (Mbundu): Chatelain MAFLS I 203 No. 28, (Xosa): Waters Cameos from the Kraal (Lovedale, n. d.) 24f.

K1243. K1243. Priest trapped in window and humiliated. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1251. K1251. Holding up the rock. Trickster makes dupe believe that he is holding up a great rock and induces him to hold it for a while. (Sometimes steals the dupe‘s goods.) *Type 1530; *Parsons JAFL XXX 237, XXXI 227 n. 2, MAFLS XV (1) 59; N. A. Indian (Mexico): Boas JAFL XXV 206, 237; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 113, 189, (Hottentot, South of Zambezi): Theal 91, (Basuto): Jacottet 44 n. 1; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 314 No. 54.

K1251.1. K1251.1. Holding up the roof. Fox pretends to be holding up the roof; hence cannot help the bear, who must do the threshing alone. *Type 9A; Dh IV 249ff.; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 97ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1251.1.1. K1251.1.1. Fox pretends to be guarding the sky and watching the earth. Japanese: Ikeda.

K1252. K1252. Holding down the hat. Dupe persuaded to guard hat supposed to cover something valuable. It covers a pile of dung. (Dupe’s goods are sometimes stolen.) *Type 1528; *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 54; Java: Dixon 186 n. 2; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 420, 426. Cf. Indonesia: DeVries Volksverhalen II 396 No. 185B.

K1252.1. K1252.1. Dupe persuaded to fight with alleged gold-dropping bear: trickster meantime steals his clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1253. K1253. The general hatches out an egg. The page induces the general to take his place in sitting on the eggs. Then he calls the king to look. Type 1677*.

K1262. K1262. Person hypnotized into believing himself transformed. *BP III 203 n. 1.

K1265. K1265. Man falsely reported insane. No one will believe him. *Wesselski Arlotto II 225 No. 92, Morlini 275; Alphabet No. 770; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. Malvolio in Shakespeare’s ”Twelfth Night“.

K1268. K1268. Man carried and dropped in mid-stream. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 582; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 340 n. 227.

K1271. K1271. Amorous intrigue observed and exposed. Irish myth: *Cross; West Indies: Flowers 536.

K1271.1. K1271.1. Threat to tell of amorous intrigue used as blackmail.

K1271.1.1. K1271.1.1. The bag of lies: threat to tell of queen’s adultery. The boy, who is to tell the bag of lies, is stopped and his wishes granted. *Type 570; *BP III 273; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 570; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2904*; Russian: cf. Andrejev No. 1630*; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 5--8.

K1271.1.2. K1271.1.2. Princess made to speak desired words when hero threatens to report (falsely) her amorous conduct. *Type 852; *BP II 506; Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII No. 852.

K1271.1.3. K1271.1.3. Educated chickens tell of woman‘s adultery. A trickster undertakes to teach a woman’s chickens to talk. When he reports that they are saying that she has slept with the priest, she pays him off. *Type 1750; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 843; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1676*.

K1271.1.4. K1271.1.4. Man hidden in roof sees girl and lover and falls: they flee and leave him in possession. *Types 1360, 1776; Wesselski Morlini 303 No. 54; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 890; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1271.1.4.1. K1271.1.4.1. Man having seen woman and lover from roof threatens to tell about it; is paid to stop. *Type 1360B; Lappish: Qvigstad Lappiske Eventyr III No. 84.

K1271.1.4.2. K1271.1.4.2. Man hidden in roof (or elsewhere) sees girl and lover: blows horn. They flee and leave him in possession. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1271.1.4.3. K1271.1.4.3. Observer of intrigue insists on sharing in it (or enjoys the girl after putting the man to flight). Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 46; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1271.2. K1271.2. Lovers observed in intrigue make absurd excuses. (Afraid of ghosts, have chill, etc.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1271.3. K1271.3. Amorous intrigue exposed and faithless husband humiliated. Heptameron No. 38.

K1271.3.1. K1271.3.1. Wife surprises husband in adultery and shames him into giving her all she desires. Heptameron No. 59.

K1271.4. K1271.4. Adulteress tells lover ”I can see the whole world.“ Hidden shepherd asks ”Can you see my lost calves (ass)?“ Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2905*; Italian Novella: Rotunda (K1532.3); Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 12; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1271.5. K1271.5. The Lord above will provide. A youth and maid come under tree. ”Who shall provide for our child?“ ”He above (God) will take care of it.“ The man in the tree: ”I will do nothing of the kind!“ Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2912*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1654*.

K1272. K1272. Man abed with his wife is frightened away by an intruder who steals his clothes. *Type 1360A.

K1273. K1273. Abbess puts priest’s trousers on her head. Suddenly called up while abed with the priest, she thinks to put on her coif. Discomfited by nuns whom she has denounced for incontinence. Boccaccio Decameron IX No. 2 (Lee 274); Mensa Philosophica No. 200; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1274. K1274. Discovery of abbot‘s (abbess’s) incontinence brings permission to monks (nuns) to do likewise. Boccaccio Decameron I No. 4 (Lee 14); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1275. K1275. Girl who cannot keep silent thereby provokes her rival to admit unchastity. *Type 886; *von der Hagen II v, vi, 3, 19 Nos. 21, 22; *Bolte Montanus‘s Wegkьrzer 558 No. 1; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1275.1. K1275.1. Girl refusing her lover final kiss provokes rival to admit selling kisses. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 8; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V 4.

K1281. K1281. Woman draws a pelt to her instead of her husband. A woman asks of her husband a hair which will magically draw him to her. He gives her a hair from a pelt. *Wesselski Mдrchen 196; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 150.

K1281.1. K1281.1. Priest draws a sow to him instead of a woman. He asks for a pubic hair which will draw the woman to him. Sow’s bristles substituted. Sow rushes to church. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1285. K1285. Rascals pull off judge‘s breeches and leave him exposed. Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 5; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1286. K1286. Mock initiation for dupe. Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 9.

K1288. K1288. King induced to kiss horse’s rump: trickster then threatens to tell. *Type 570; *BP III 267ff.; Fb ”rшv“ III 130a, ”kysse“ II 350; Russian: Andrejev No. 1630*; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 1--8, Espinosa Jr. No. 130.

K1291. K1291. Opposing witnesses‘s pockets filled with dung. Discredited. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1292. K1292. Hostile brother-in-law made king’s inferior by being tricked to hold his sword, while the king arranges his breeches belt. (Old custom). Icelandic: Boberg.

K1300-K1399.

K1300-K1399. Seduction or deceptive marriage.

K1300. K1300. Seduction.

K1301. K1301. Mortal woman seduced by a god. (Cf. K1315.1.) See references to D658.2. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 62, 80, *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 165f.; Africa (Fang): Einstein 94, Trilles 137.

K1302. K1302. Woman won and lost by a ruse. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1310. K1310. Seduction by disguise or substitution. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

K1311. K1311. Seduction by masking as woman‘s husband. *Penzer II 45 n. 4, III 126f.; Boccaccio Decameron III No. 6 (Lee 79); Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 30; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas I 364; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 33 No. 11; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 31.

K1311.0.1. K1311.0.1. Seduction by masking as woman’s husband: ”Why--you have just left!“ After the seduction the husband comes and the wife shows surprise. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1311.0.2. K1311.0.2. Trickster kills husband and puts on his skin so as to seduce wife. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 151.

K1311.1. K1311.1. Husband‘s twin brother mistaken by woman for her husband. *Type 303; *BP I 528ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I Nos. 7, 9, Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1314. K1314. Seduction by wearing coat of invisibility. (Cf. D1361.12.) Chinese: Graham.

K1315. K1315. Seduction by impostor.

K1315.1. K1315.1. Seduction by posing as a god. (Cf. K1301.) Jones PMLA XXIII 577; Penzer I 145; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas I 365; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1315.1.1. K1315.1.1. Seduction by posing as Angel Gabriel. Boccaccio Decameron IV No. 2 (Lee 123); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.1.2. K1315.1.2. Seduction on promise that issue will be the fifth Evangelist. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.1.2.1. K1315.1.2.1. Seduction on feigned orders from angel to engender a pope. Girl born. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 14; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.2. K1315.2. Seduction by posing as doctor. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 239, Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109r.

K1315.2.1. K1315.2.1. Girl persuaded to sit on certain plant: seduced. Man as sham doctor tells her how to heal her burnt groins. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109q.

K1315.2.2. K1315.2.2. Seduction by sham process of retrieving lost gem. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 3; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.2.3. K1315.2.3. Seduction by sham process of repairing vagina. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 3.

K1315.2.4. K1315.2.4. Seduction by pretending to give childless man’s wife medicine. When husband comes at cockcrow as he was told, trickster says he came too late and they must do it again. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1315.3. K1315.3. Seduction by posing as magician. (Sham incantation, etc.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.3.1. K1315.3.1. Seduction by feigning enchantment. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.3.2. K1315.3.2. Seduction attempted on promise of magic transformation: woman to mare. Finishing the tail. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.4. K1315.4. Seduction by posing as a relative. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.5. K1315.5. Seduction by posing as nobleman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.5.1. K1315.5.1. Prostitute poses as noble woman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.6. K1315.6. Seduction by posing as holy man (churchman). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2906*.

K1315.6.1. K1315.6.1. Tricksters persuade women that they must share their marital intimacies with them. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.6.2. K1315.6.2. Seduction attempted on threat of performing miracle. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.6.3. K1315.6.3. Girl disguised as friar gets into priest‘s bed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.6.4. K1315.6.4. Seduction by posing as saint. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1315.7. K1315.7. Seduction by posing as teacher or instructor. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.7.1. K1315.7.1. Seduction by pretending to instruct (or to need instruction) in marital duties. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.7.2. K1315.7.2. Seduction under pretence of teaching a game. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1315.8. K1315.8. Seduction upon false promise of marriage. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.9. K1315.9. Seduction by offering protection against non-existing danger. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1315.10. K1315.10. Seduction by posing as beggar. Herrmann Saxo II 578.

K1315.11. K1315.11. Seduction by posing as leper. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga St. 641-45 ch. 25, Boberg.

K1315.12. K1315.12. Seduction by posing as merchant. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1315.13. K1315.13. Seduction by masking as soldier. Herrmann Saxo II 239.

K1315.14. K1315.14. Seduction: weaver posing as king. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1317. K1317. Lover‘s place in bed usurped by another. *Child I 137-41; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 54; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1317.1. K1317.1. Serving-man in his master’s place. Chauvin II 92 No. 38; Bшdker Exempler 289 No. 41; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1317.1.1. K1317.1.1. Master in serving-man’s place in woman‘s bed. (Cf. K1569.7.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K1317.2. K1317.2. Leper intercepts letter and takes paramour’s place with princess. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 237 No. 79.

K1317.2.1. K1317.2.1. Old woman intercepts letter and takes girl‘s place in man’s bed. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 326a n. 15.

K1317.2.2. K1317.2.2. Letter delivered to wrong man. He substitutes for the lover. Heptameron No. 35; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1317.3. K1317.3. Vengeful paramours send syphilitic man to substitute in woman‘s bed. *Schwartz Zs. f. Vksk. XXVI 136.

K1317.4. K1317.4. Man caught running by guards has to tell his destination. One of the guards substitutes for him with his sweetheart. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1317.5. K1317.5. Woman substitutes for her daughter in the dark. Heptameron No. 30; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1317.6. K1317.6. Use of drugs to usurp lover’s place.

K1317.6.1. K1317.6.1. Woman drugs sister and substitutes for her with lover. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1317.7. K1317.7. Woman mistakes passer-by for lover. Substitution in the dark. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1317.8. K1317.8. Moorish (black) girl substituted for mistress (in the dark). Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1317.9. K1317.9. Man intercepts love letter and takes lover‘s place in elopement. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1317.10. K1317.10. Devil comes to rendezvous instead of woman’s lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1318. K1318. Trickster shifts married couples in bed. Old man married to young woman and young man married to old woman. The shift is satisfactory to the young couple. *BP III 394 (3); Anderson FFC XLII 364; Kцhler-Bolte II 305ff.

K1321. K1321. Seduction by man disguising as woman. Nouvelles de Sens No. 8; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1321.1. K1321.1. Man disguised as woman admitted to women‘s quarters: seduction. *Types 516, 1542; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 109; *Fischer-Bolte 215; *Krappe Balor 12 n. 42; Penzer I 47n., 48n.; Herrmann Saxo II 239, 493, 641; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 73 n. 2 (Achilles); India: *Thompson-Balys, Ruben FFC CXXXIII 41.

K1321.1.1. K1321.1.1. Man disguised as pregnant woman admitted to girl’s bed. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1321.1.2. K1321.1.2. Seducer successfully disguised as washerwoman for fifteen years. Finally exposed. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 45; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1321.1.3. K1321.1.3. Man wishes to learn and gains entrance to learned girl’s presence in woman‘s disguise. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1321.2. K1321.2. Man disguised as woman abducts princess. *Type 516; *BP I 46; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1321.3. K1321.3. Man disguised as woman courted (married) by another man. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 104 No. 857; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 248; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 304 n. 109n.

K1321.3.1. K1321.3.1. Man disguised as woman beguiles hostile chief. Infatuates him and then kills him in drunken sleep. *Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 430; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 88; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 303f.

K1321.4. K1321.4. Men disguised as women enter convent and seduce impious nuns. (Cf. K1323.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1322. K1322. Girl masked as man wins princess‘s love. Type 514; BP II 87, III 84; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 155; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 6; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1322.1. K1322.1. The lovely ascetic (girl in man‘s clothes) wins love of a rich woman. *Loomis White Magic 111.

K1323. K1323. Man disguised as gardener enters convent and seduces nuns. (Cf. K1321.4.) Boccaccio Decameron III No. 1 (Lee 59); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1323.1. K1323.1. Messenger from lover to girl-captive in harem poses as a singer who amuses the harem ladies in their apartments. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1325. K1325. Seduction by feigned death. The girl comes to the man‘s wake or funeral. Child I 242--253, 506f., II 502a, III 503a, IV 453, V 212, 299a.

K1352. K1352. Death feigned to woo maiden. She shows remorse when she hears of his death.

K1325.0.1. K1325.0.1. Hero feigns death and is copulated with by divine maidens. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1325.1. K1325.1. Seduction by feigned sleep. The guest in the conjugal bed feigns sleep as he effects seduction. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1326. K1326. Seduction by feigned illness. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 147; West Indies: Flowers 536f.

K1326.1. K1326.1. Seduction by asking for sham cure for sham illness. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 95; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1327. K1327. Seduction by feigned stupidity. Cautious farmer seeks laborer who knows nothing about sex. Trickster makes silly explanation of copulation of animals. When admitted into service, seduces both farmer‘s wife and daughter. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2907*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1544*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1544A*.

K1328. K1328. Disguise as animal to seduce woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1330. K1330. Girl tricked into man’s room (or power).

K1331. K1331. ”No!“ The princess must answer all questions by ”No“. By clever framing of his question the hero wins her to his desires. *Types 851, 853; BP I 192; **Kristoffer Nyrop Nej: et motivs historie (Kшbenhavn, 1891); Dania V 1ff., 164ff., 166; *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XV 69 n. 2.

K1332. K1332. Seduction by taking aboard ship to inspect wares. *Type 516; **Rosch FFC LXXVII 103; Kцhler-Bolte I 464; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 551a nn. 221--295; Panzer Hilde-Gudrun 268ff.; *Schoepperle I 193 n. 1; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9; India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. bin Gorion Born Judas I 187.

K1332.1. K1332.1. Seduction by scattering jewels. Girl seized when she tries to take jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1332.2. K1332.2. Seduction by enticing woman to inspect wares in tent. Jewish: Neuman.

K1332.3. K1332.3. Seduction by promise of jewels. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1333. K1333. Seduction by having maiden placed in floating chest. *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1334. K1334. Seduction (or wooing) on an aerial journey. Jones PMLA XXIII 563.

K1335. K1335. Seduction (or wooing) by stealing clothes of bathing girl (swan maiden). *Types 313, 400; Penzer VIII 58 n. 2, 213ff., IX 20 n. 1; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 433b. nn. 92--105; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 22 No. 11; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 109. See all notes to D361.1.

K1336. K1336. Magic helper brings girl to hero‘s bed. *Chauvin V 62 No. 19 n. 1.

K1339. K1339. Girl tricked into man’s room (power)-- miscellaneous.

K1339.1. K1339.1. Fresh hides spread on grass; girl slips up and is deflowered. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 309.

K1339.2. K1339.2. Woman enticed to upper world on a stretching tree. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 200.

K1339.2.1. K1339.2.1. Seduction by luring woman to platform to look for distant ship. Tonga: Gifford 29, 46.

K1339.3. K1339.3. Woman enticed into man‘s room by feigned illness. Heptameron No. 10; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1339.4. K1339.4. Seduction by sham beauty test. Trickster dupes two girls into submitting to test. Both seduced. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1339.5. K1339.5. Girl tricked by use of drugs. Subsequent pregnancy used to force her into marrying seducer. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1339.6. K1339.6. Seduction by priest who insists on woman having confession in his own house. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2917*.

K1339.7. K1339.7. Trickster agrees to carry old woman and girl across stream: carries girl across and rides off with her leaving old woman on other side. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1339.8. K1339.8. Leak in roof over woman‘s bed: in rain must go to bed with trickster. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109s; S. A. Indian (Tenibй): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 140.

K1340. K1340. Entrance into girl’s (man‘s) room (bed) by trick.

K1341. K1341. Entrance to woman’s room in hollow artificial animal.

K1341.1. K1341.1. Entrance to woman‘s room in golden ram. Princess’s curiosity aroused and the golden ram carried into the room. The youth is concealed inside. *Types 854, 900; *BP I 443ff., 446 n. 2; *Krappe Balor 12 n. 41; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 166 (to Gonzenbach No. 68, cf. No. 23); Rцsch FFC LXXVII 109; Philippson FFC L 30. -Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 860*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 428.

K1342. K1342. Entrance into woman‘s (man’s) room by hiding in chest. *Type 882; Kцhler-Bolte I 211f.; Fb ”kiste“ II 134; Boccaccio Decameron II No. 9 (Lee 57); Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. Shakespeare‘s Cymbeline.

K1342.0.1. K1342.0.1. Man carried into woman’s room hidden in basket. (Cf. K1343.1.) *Spargo Virgil the Necromancer 139, 370 n. 7; English: Wells 140 (Floris and Blauncheflur); Icelandic: Boberg.

K1342.0.2. K1342.0.2. Entrance into woman‘s room in lamp stand. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1342.1. K1342.1. Heroine in hiding-box which is bought by prince. *Cox 489.

K1342.1.1. K1342.1.1. Man in magic hiding box bought by girl’s father. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1343. K1343. Man drawn up into female apartments on rope. *Spargo Virgil the Necromancer 139, 369 n. 6; Penzer V 24.

K1343.1. K1343.1. Man drawn up into female apartments in basket. (Cf. K1342.0.1.) *Spargo Virgil the Necromancer 136ff., 368ff.; Penzer V 147 n. 1; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; all references to K1211.

K1343.2. K1343.2. Man disguised as woman carried into princess‘s room: marries her. (Cf. K1321.1.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 126 No. 60.

K1344. K1344. Tunnel entrance to guarded maiden’s chamber. Icelandic: Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 2; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 142, MAFLS XL 159.

K1344.1. K1344.1. Girl seduced from beneath ground. S. A. Indian (Uru-Chipaya): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 109.

K1345. K1345. Tale of the cradle. Two youths pass the night with a family where all sleep in a common room, with a cradle at the foot of one of the beds. The moving of the cradle in the night confuses those walking about so that the strangers sleep with the wife and the daughter. Type 1363; *Robinson Complete Works of Chaucer 790a (Reeves Tale); *Varnhagen ”Die Erzдhlung von der Wiege“ Englische Studien IX 240; Bйdier Fabliaux 463; von der Hagen III *xix, 37ff.; Boccaccio Decameron IX No. 6 (Lee 281); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1346. K1346. Hero flies to maiden’s room. Enters her tower by means of artificial wings (or on flying horse). *Type 575; BP II 134 n. 1; *Krappe Balor 11 n. 40; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1346.1. K1346.1. Hero flies on magic carpet to maiden‘s room. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 101ff. No. 11.

K1347. K1347. Man is ushered into maiden’s room by maidservant. He then takes the latter‘s place in the mistress’s bed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1348. K1348. Lover gets into maiden‘s room by means of a ladder. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1349. K1349. Other means of entering into girl’s (man‘s) room (bed).

K1349.1. K1349.1. Disguise to enter girl’s (man‘s) room. (Cf. K1310--1329, passim.)

K1349.1.1. K1349.1.1. Lover disguised as porter gains access to princess‘s room. (Cf. K1816.7.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1349.1.2. K1349.1.2. Disguise as madman to enter girl’s room. (Cf. K1818.3.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1349.1.3. K1349.1.3. Trickster gains access to woman‘s room disguised as peddler. (Cf. K1817.4.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1349.1.4. K1349.1.4. Man disguised as groom enters mistress’s room. Heptameron No. 26.

K1349.1.5. K1349.1.5. Man feigns sick in order to enter room of princess skilled in healing, and woos her for his friend. (Cf. K1818, T51.1.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

K1349.2. K1349.2. Trickster gains access to woman‘s room by pretending he has news of her absent lover. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1349.3. K1349.3. Access gained by the aid of rival’s mule. Man tries in vain to learn the identity of his friend‘s mistress. Mounts his friend’s mule, which takes him to the secret rendezvous. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 31; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1349.4. K1349.4. Lover visits guarded maiden while harper puts mother to sleep. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1349.5. K1349.5. Access for seduction gained by removing locks. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1349.6. K1349.6. Lover gets self carried into beloved’s house to wait for clean clothes after a purposeful fall in mud. Heptameron No. 42.

K1349.7. K1349.7. Man burns down own neighboring house to gain access to bedroom of beloved. Heptameron No. 26.

K1349.8. K1349.8. Entrance into woman’s room through concealed door. Heptameron No. 2, 4.

K1349.9. K1349.9. Trickster pretends to seek lost ball by woman‘s bed: seduces her. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 81.

K1349.10. K1349.10. Admission to woman’s room by means of cap of invisibility. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1350. K1350. Woman persuaded (or wooed) by trick.

K1351. K1351. The weeping bitch. A procuress throws pepper into the eyes of a bitch so that she weeps. She pretends to the virtuous woman that the bitch is a woman transformed because of failure to respond to her lover. The woman is persuaded. *Type 1515; *Chauvin VIII 45 No. 13; *Oesterley No. 28; *Crane Vitry 239 No. 251; Elsner Untersuchungen zu den mittelenglischen Fabliau ”Dame Siriz“; Fb ”hund“ IV 227b; *von der Hagen I cxii; Scala Celi 87a No. 510; *Penzer I 169; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 873; Alphabet No. 537; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 95a; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 38; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1352. K1352. Death feigned to woo maiden. She shows remorse when she hears of lover‘s death. **N. Soumtzov Piesni i skazki o jivom mertvetzie (Kievskaia Starina, March 1894, reviewed in RTP IX 356).

K1353. K1353. Woman deceived into sacrificing honor. Ruler promises to release her brother (husband) but afterward refuses to do so. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XII 65; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 107, 366, Neuman.

K1353.1. K1353.1. Trickster offers food for woman‘s favors which will completely satisfy him. He refuses payment on grounds that he is not satisfied. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1354. K1354. Seduction by bearing false order from husband or father.

K1354.1. K1354.1. ”Both?“ The youth is sent to the house to get two articles. He meets the two daughters and calls back to the master. ”Both?“ ”Yes, I said both!“ replies the master. The youth has his will of both daughters. *Type 1563; Chauvin VI 180 No. 342; Bolte Montanus Gartengesellschaft 611 No. 73; Kцhler-Bolte I 150, 291; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 420ff.; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 115.

K1354.1.1. K1354.1.1. Trickster masking as girl‘s father advises intercourse with trickster. She obeys. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1354.2. K1354.2. Seduction by bringing false order from husband. Jewish: Gaster Exempla 220 No. 159, *Neuman.

K1354.2.1. K1354.2.1. Trickster asks husband for one thing and the wife for another. The husband‘s order: ”Let him have what he wants.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1354.2.2. K1354.2.2. Trickster friar seduces woman under pretence of administering forgotten sacrament. When the woman objects, the husband who thinks the friar is engaging in a legitimate process, orders: ”Bear the ordeal in peace.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1354.2.3. K1354.2.3. Fox sleeps with tiger’s wife by giving her deceptive message from her mate. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 180.

K1354.3. K1354.3. Seduction by bearing false order from mother.

K1354.3.1. K1354.3.1. Friar undertakes to awaken girl. He follows her mother‘s order according to his own interpretation. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1354.3.2. K1354.3.2. Trickster masking as bridegroom tells bride that he comes at her mother’s request. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1354.4. K1354.4. Seduction by bearing false order from lover. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 31.

K1355. K1355. Altered letter of execution gives princess to hero. On his way robbers steal the letter and change it so that instead of being killed he is married to the princess. *Type 930; **Aarne FFC XXIII; *BP I 276ff.; *Chauvin VIII 145 No. 145ABC; Alphabet No. 593; Herrmann Saxo II 287; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 116.

K1357. K1357. Lover‘s gift regained. The husband appears before payment can be made to wife. *Type 1731; **Spargo FFC XCI 50ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2913*.

K1358. K1358. Girl shows herself naked in return for youth’s dancing hogs. *Type 850; *BP II 528; Kцhler-Bolte I 428f., 464; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos 5--8, Espinosa Jr. No. 131.

K1361. K1361. Beggar buys right to sleep before the girl‘s door, at foot of bed, in the bed. Usually with jewel. *Type 900; *Fb ”sove“ III 472b, ”seng“ III 187a; West Indies: Flowers 537f.

K1361.1. K1361.1. Transformed person sleeps before girl‘s door, at foot of bed, in the bed. Is disenchanted upon admission to the bed. *Type 440; *BP I 1ff.

K1361.2. K1361.2. Progressive purchase of favors: the anatomical progression. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2916*; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1361.3. K1361.3. Seduction by begging into woman‘s room to get warm. (Cf. K1393.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 13 No. 6.

K1362. K1362. Innocent girl sells her ”love“ and later receives it back. When she tells her mother what has happened, she is beaten. Thinking to right matters, she demands that the knight return what he has taken. (Sequel: K1275.) Type 886; *von der Hagen II v, vi, 3, 19 Nos. 21, 22; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1363. K1363. Seduction of person ignorant of sexual intercourse.

K1363.1. K1363.1. Putting the Devil in Hell. Obscene trick used to seduce woman. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1363.1.1. K1363.1.1. Putting the Devil in hand. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1363.2. K1363.2. Friar adds missing nose (fingers) to unborn child: foetus is imperfect and he will substitute for absent husband. Is praised by the latter on his return. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 9; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; West Indies: Flowers 538.

K1364. K1364. Woman abducted by giving her medicine which appears to have killed her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1366. K1366. Second daughter won by representing first as dead. Irish myth: Cross.

K1367. K1367. Monk persuades a father to set daughter afloat in box: monk seduces her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1368. K1368. Seduction by making woman jealous of co-wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1371. K1371. Bride-stealing. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 549a nn. 175-204; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1371.1. K1371.1. Lover steals bride from wedding with unwelcome suitor. *Type 885; Child IV 218, 230, V 260f.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 549b nn. 205-215; *Boje 110ff.; literary treatment: Scott ”Lochinvar“, Ibsen ”Peer Gynt“; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1371.1.1. K1371.1.1. Parson deceived into marrying his intended bride to her real lover. The parson thinks it is a mock-wedding, but it turns out to be real. Danish: Grundtvig MS No. 162 in Dansk Folkemindesamling.

K1371.1.2. K1371.1.2. Lover’s foster brother (friend) steals bride from wedding with unwelcome suitor. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1371.2. K1371.2. Father tricked into giving away disguised daughter in marriage. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 14.

K1371.3. K1371.3. Rat changes name and wins wife intended for leopard. Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 41ff. N. 6.

K1371.4. K1371.4. Lover in disguise abducts beloved. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1371.4.1. K1371.4.1. Lover masks as king, knight. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1371.4.2. K1371.4.2. Lover masks as minstrel. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1371.5. K1371.5. Man gets bridegroom drunk and enjoys the bride. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 424.

K1371.6. K1371.6. While chief is performing suitor task, rival steals the bride. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 57.

K1372. K1372. Woman engaged to marry by trick. (Cf. K1371.2, K1377, K1771.9.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1372.1. K1372.1. Princess tricked into engaging herself to suitor rejected by her father. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1372.2. K1372.2. Fool passed off as very eligible young man by matchmaker. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1375. K1375. Seduction by alleged vision promising woman to man. Jewish: *Neuman.

K1375.1. K1375.1. Seduction of wife by alleging that husband‘s vision compels him to leave home. Jewish: Neuman.

K1377. K1377. Incestuous marriage arranged by trick. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: **Schmerler JAFL XLIV 196-207.

K1380. K1380. Seductions--miscellaneous.

K1382. K1382. Trickster pretends lameness and is taken on woman’s back: violates her. Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 47 No. 58; N. A. Indian: **Schmerler JAFL XLIV 200; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 270 No. 5.

K1383. K1383. Trickster throws corpse into river and accuses princess of murder: marriage to avoid scandal. *Type 1655; *BP II 201; Norwegian: Christiansen Norske Eventyr 141 No. 1655.

K1384. K1384. Female overpowered when caught in tree cleft (hole in hedge). *Type 36; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 89ff.; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 45.

K1386. K1386. Man won over by woman’s obscene trick. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1387. K1387. Lecherous trickster seduces women from tree and loses them. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 331 n. 195.

K1388. K1388. Trickster sends letter ordering bearer detained and meanwhile steals bearer‘s wife. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 150 No. 1850, Keller.

K1388.1. K1388.1. Husband persuaded to dig up a treasure buried in an ant hill. He is poisoned by a snake and his wife taken. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1391. K1391. Long distance sexual intercourse. Trickster by magic has intercourse with woman across stream. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109u.

K1392. K1392. Trickster and girls play obscene tricks on one another. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109w.

K1393. K1393. Woman seduces boy by feigning illness (chill, etc.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 887.

K1394. K1394. Man coveting his friend‘s wife causes her to leave her husband. Friend mutually agree to beat wives. Trickster only pretends to do so while other beats his and angers her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1395. K1395. Seduction by giving aphrodisiac. Woman tricked into standing naked in stream; medicine put into water. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1396. K1396. Guest at inn is told that there is but one available bed: that of the mistress. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 7; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1397. K1397. Lucretia seduced through threat. Sextus says he will kill her and leave a naked slave in her bed to bring dishonor on her house. She yields. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1398. K1398. The trickster with painted member. The father wants his daughter’s child to be a bishop. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2914*; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 1547*.

K1399. K1399. Additional seductions.

K1399.1. K1399.1. The taming of the wild prince. Lost in the woods the little prince grows up among wild animals; lets no one come near him. Only a servant girl succeeds in taming him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 877*.

K1399.2. K1399.2. The unusual names. Assuming unusual names, the servant deceives the girl, her mother, and her father. *Type 1732*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2908; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 1940B*.

K1399.3. K1399.3. Seduction: trickster shows girl how to store up warmth for winter. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1399.4. K1399.4. Woman secures man‘s spear (arrow), lures him with it into her hut. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 47f.; Maori: Clark 4.

K1399.5. K1399.5. Teacher seduces pupil left in his charge. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1038.

K1400-K1499.

K1400-K1499. Dupe’s property destroyed.

K1400. K1400. Dupe‘s property destroyed. Type 1002.

K1410. K1410. Dupe’s goods destroyed. West Indies: Flowers 539.

K1411. K1411. Plowing the field: horse and harness destroyed. The youth is told to come home from plowing when the dog does. He beats the dog so that it runs home; then he destroys the horse and harness and goes home. *Types 650, 1003; BP II 285ff.; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--7; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1412. K1412. Lighting the road (or painting the house red). The house set on fire. Type 1008; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1413. K1413. Guarding the door. It is lifted off and carried away. *Types 1009, 1653A; Penzer V 117 n.; Clouston Noodles 97; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1014A*.

K1414. K1414. Take care of the stopper! The son puts the stopper into his pocket, and all the tar (beer) runs out. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1706*.

K1415. K1415. Repairing the house. House or furniture destroyed. *Type 1010.

K1416. K1416. Tearing up the orchard (vineyard). Rascal has been told to cut wood. *Type 1011; Kцhler-Bolte I 327; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1417. K1417. Closing the door tight: with iron nails. Type 1014.

K1418. K1418. Whetting the knife: the whole blade whetted away. *Type 1015.

K1421. K1421. Clearing land: axe broken. *Types 650, 1050; BP II 285ff.

K1422. K1422. Threshing grain: granary roof used as threshing flail. *Types 650, 1031; BP II 285ff., *293; Fb ”tжrske“ III 927b; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 436.

K1423. K1423. Mowing grass: the meadow torn up. Type 1203*.

K1424. K1424. Clearing out manure: digs hole. Type 1035*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1035.

K1424.1. K1424.1. Cleaning out manure: piles it high. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1425. K1425. Covering the whole wagon with tar. Type 1017.

K1427. K1427. Filling the pen. Told to fill locked pen trickster chops up wagon and mules and throws them in. Spanish: Espinosa JAFL XXVII 119f.

K1428. K1428. Sowing grain: does so in unplowed field. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1431. K1431. Trickster saws legs of table so that it collapses. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 658.

K1432. K1432. Fixing fences: trickster cuts fence down. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1433. K1433. Twisting twine: trickster cuts it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1440. K1440. Dupe‘s animals destroyed or maimed. Type 1007; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1441. K1441. Building a bridge of cattle. Ordered to build a bridge not of wood, stone, iron, or earth, the trickster uses the carcasses of cattle. *Type 1005.

K1442. K1442. Casting eyes: animal’s eyes. Ordered to cast eyes on this or that, the trickster kills animals and casts their eyes at the object. *Type 1006; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 181-8; India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. Type 1685.

K1443. K1443. Cleaning the horse. Washing him in boiling water or currying him with a razor. Type 1016; Fb ”hest“ IV 211b.

K1444. K1444. Horse’s intestine fastened to stone. Horse twists intestines out of himself. *Fb ”tarm“ III 776a.

K1445. K1445. Making sheep laugh and dance. Told to bring in sheep laughing and dancing, trickster cuts off their upper lips and breaks their legs. Meson JAFL XXXV 45.

K1446. K1446. To drive cattle to jungle: trickster kills a bull every day. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1447. K1447. Tying the cattle: trickster ties them so tightly they are strangled. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1451. K1451. Watching the goats: ”Hit them if they wander.“ Trickster kills them. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1456. K1456. Trickster exchanges master‘s tame horse for vicious bullock. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1460. K1460. Members of dupe’s family killed.

K1461. K1461. Caring for the child: child killed. Finnish: Kalevala rune 31; S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 133.

K1461.1. K1461.1. Cleaning the child. Intestines taken out and cleaned. Type 1012; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1461.2. K1461.2. Child taken to defecate over ant hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1461.3. K1461.3. Cleaning the children. Impales them. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1013A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1012 I.

K1462. K1462. Washing the grandmother--in boiling water. *Type 1013; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 181--8; India: *Thompson-Balys; New Britain: Dixon 122.

K1462.1. K1462.1. To heat water for master‘s bath. Servant pours boiling water on him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1462.2. K1462.2. To cover house with straw: suffocates mother under straw. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1464. K1464. Trickster deceives dupe into killing his own children. Chinese: Graham.

K1465. K1465. Blinded slave’s revenge. Threatens to jump from tower with lord‘s children unless lord blinds himself. Lord does so but slave jumps with children nevertheless. Wesselski Theorie 16; *Krappe Archiv f. d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen CLX 162ff.

K1466. K1466. Master’s mother killed: wood heaved on her head. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1500--K1599.

K1500--K1599. Deceptions connected with adultery.

K1500. K1500. Deception connected with adultery.

K1501. K1501. Cuckold. Husband deceived by adulterous wife. Irish myth: Cross.

K1501.1. K1501.1. Solomon as cuckold. *Wesselski Mдrchen 197.

K1501.2. K1501.2. Cuckold feigns to be asleep when paramour calls. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1510. K1510. Adulteress outwits husband. *Penzer V 106 n. 1; *Bolte Frey 223f. No. 21; *Hollander MLN XXVII 71; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1510.1. K1510.1. Adulteress kills home-coming husband. Greek: Fox 134 (Clytemnestra).

K1510.2. K1510.2. Wife of philanderer gets revenge by having an affair herself. Heptameron No. 15.

K1511. K1511. The husband locked out. An adulteress returns home late at night and her husband refuses to admit her. She threatens to throw herself into the well. The husband goes after her. She enters the house and bars him out. *Type 1377; *Basset 1001 Contes II 128; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 185 No. 350; *Campbell Sages xc (Puteus); Chauvin VIII 184 No. 224, IX 23; Alphabet No. 538; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 95b; Dunlop-Wilson II 111f.; Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 4; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1511.1. K1511.1. Adulteress refuses to admit husband under pretence that he is a stranger. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 678; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 1.

K1512. K1512. The cut-off nose. (Lai of the Tresses.) A woman leaves her husband’s bed and has another woman take her place. The husband addresses her, gets no answer and cuts off her nose (hair). In the morning the wife still has her nose (hair). The husband is made to believe that it has grown back by a miracle (or that he was dreaming). *Type 1417; Bйdier Fabliaux 228ff.; Chauvin VI 100 No. 267; *Penzer V 47 n. 3, 223ff., VI 271; Mensa Philosophica No. 40; Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 8 (Lee 222); Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 38; Bшdker Exempler 280 No. 24; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1512.1. K1512.1. Cut-off finger proves wife’s chastity. A chaste wife substitutes a maidservant for seducer. A finger and ring are cut off as proof of wife‘s unfaithfulness (chastity wager with husband). Refuted by husband, who knows they are not his wife’s. Cf. Type 882; Kцhler-Bolte I 375; Child V 497 s.v. ”Substitution“; Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 19; Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 110.

K1513. K1513. The wife‘s equivocal oath. A husband insists that his wife take oath that she has been intimate with no one but himself. The paramour masks as ass-driver. She hires an ass from him, falls down, and lets him pick her up. She then swears that no one has touched her except her husband and the ass-driver. *Type 1418; *Basset 1001 Contes II 4; **J. J. Meyer Isoldes Gottesurteil in seiner erotischen Beziehung (Berlin, 1914); *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 206; Rohde Der griechische Roman 484; BP IV 154, 387f.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 669; *Schoepperle I 225f.; Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XVIII 385. -- Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 387 No. 116.

K1514. K1514. Adulteress gets rid of husband while she entertains lover. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1514.1. K1514.1. The husband in the chicken house. The husband returns unexpectedly and surprises his wife with her lover. She makes the husband believe he is pursued and hides him in the chicken house. (Cf. K1514.9.) *Type 1419A; **Schofield Sources and History of the 7th Novel of the 7th Day in the Decameron (Harvard Studies and Notes II); Bйdier Fabliaux 450; Boccaccio Decameron III No. 4 (Lee 213); Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 88; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1514.2. K1514.2. Husband duped into doing penance while rascal enjoys the wife. Boccaccio Decameron III No. 4 (Lee 75); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1514.3. K1514.3. Husband duped into believing he is in purgatory. Boccaccio Decameron III No. 4 (Lee 91); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1514.4. K1514.4. Returning husband beaten by servants. Mistaken for lover whom he has told them to beat. Von der Hagen II xiii No. 27.

K1514.4.1. K1514.4.1. Husband beaten by paramour. Husband, dressed in wife‘s clothing, is beaten by forewarned paramour. The latter says that he is testing the wife’s fidelity to her husband. Spanish: Childers; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1514.4.2. K1514.4.2. Husband hides in curtain to catch paramour. On entering, paramour threatens to kill husband if he should appear. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 4.

K1514.4.2.1. K1514.4.2.1. Cuckold husband hides under bed. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 4.

K1514.5. K1514.5. Husband hides in chest to catch paramour. (Cf. K1566.) Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 27; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1514.6. K1514.6. Adulteress locks up hidden husband and meets lovers. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1514.7. K1514.7. Wife has hiding husband carried off in basket by thieves. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1514.8. K1514.8. Wife throws husband down precipice so she can be with lover. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 886.

K1514.9. K1514.9. Adulteress has lover unload wood on doorstep. This keeps husband out. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1514.10. K1514.10. Adulteress sets husband to watch for intruder while she entertains the paramour. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1514.11. K1514.11. Illness feigned to call physician paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1514.12. K1514.12. Adulteress pretends to go to say her prayers. Keeps tryst with paramour. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1514.13. K1514.13. Adulteress gives paramour tryst in house of ill-fame. Meets husband who leaves in shame. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1514.14. K1514.14. Paramour unties mare. Husband chases mare while the wife entertains the paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1514.15. K1514.15. Adulteress throws small coffer out of window. While the husband retrieves it the paramour changes hiding places. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1514.16. K1514.16. Lover masks as pregnant woman: adulteress sent by husband to act as midwife, meets lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1514.17. K1514.17. Adulteress together with lover while husband sleeps. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1514.17.1. K1514.17.1. Wife drugs husband and visits paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1514.17.2. K1514.17.2. Husband frightened into sleeping alone. Adulteress has servants impersonate demons. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1514.18. K1514.18. Adulteress makes excuse to go and attend to bodily needs: meets lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1515. K1515. The animal in the chest. The husband has locked the surprised paramour in a chest while he fetches his family as witness of his wife‘s unfaithfulness. She frees the lover, substitutes an animal, and discountenances the husband. (Cf. K1542, K1555, K1566, K1574.) *Type 1419B; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 187 No. 363; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 61; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1516. K1516. The husband’s good eye covered. The wife holds a cloth in front of his one good eye, so that he cannot see the paramour. *Type 1419C; *Bйdier Fabliaux 119, 466; *Chauvin IX 20 Nos. 7, 8; *Wesselski Mдrchen 187 No. 2; *Jellinek Euphorion IX 162f.; Alphabet No. 536; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 94b; Scala Celi 86b No. 505; Oesterley No. 123; von der Hagen II xxixff.; Dunlop-Wilson II 13; Heptameron No. 6; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 16; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 27; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1556.1. K1556.1. Adulteress binds husband‘s eyes and causes him to sing incantations concerning the adultery.

K1516.1. K1516.1. The husband’s good eye treated. The wife pretends to treat his one good eye, so that he cannot see the paramour. *Chauvin IX 20 Nos. 7, 8; Alphabet No. 535; Scala Celi 86b No. 504; Oesterley No. 122; Hitopadesa (ed. Morley) 66; Mensa Philosophica No. 49; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 27; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1516.1.1. K1516.1.1. Physician treating man‘s eye covers his one good eye. Entertains his patient’s mistress. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 87; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1516.2. K1516.2. Girl covers nurse‘s one good eye so that she cannot see her lover. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1516.3. K1516.3. Adulteress extinguishes light to hide her paramour. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1516.4. K1516.4. Adulteress covers husband’s eyes during incantation. Meanwhile paramour escapes. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1516.5. K1516.5. Adulteress persuades husband to milk cow with his eyes blindfolded: meets lover. (Cf. Chaucer‘s Merchant’s Tale.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K1516.6. K1516.6. The faithless wife asks her gullible husband how he would act if he were blind. The husband closes his eyes; meanwhile the lover escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1516.7. K1516.7. Wife washes husband‘s hair hiding his eyes while lover escapes unseen. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1516.8. K1516.8. Wife has husband look for hole in pot she has bought, allowing lover to escape unseen. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1516.9. K1516.9. Wife shows husband her milk-filled breasts and squirts milk in his eyes allowing lover to escape unseen. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1517. K1517. Paramour escapes by disguise.

K1517.1. K1517.1. The lovers as pursuer and fugitive. The wife is visited by two gallants. When the husband approaches, one goes out with drawn sword; the other hides in the house. She convinces her husband that she has given refuge to a fugitive. *Type 1419D; *Bйdier Fabliaux 229ff.; *Basset 1001 Contes II 143; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 186 No. 351; *Chauvin VIII 39 No. 7, IX 21 No. 8; Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 6 (Lee 203); von der Hagen II xxxii ff; Dunlop-Wilson II 114ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 99b. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1517.1.1. K1517.1.1. One lover disguised and carried out of house by other. The wife has the lover put on a robe and stand in the corner; she tells the husband that a tradesman has left the robe and will return for it. The other lover comes and she gives him the ”robe“. Africa (Vai): Ellis 229 No. 38.

K1517.2. K1517.2. Paramour poses as doctor. Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 3 (Lee 189); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1517.3. K1517.3. Paramour in vat: disguise as vat-buyer. Husband thinks he is testing the vat. Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 2 (Lee 186); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1517.4. K1517.4. Lover hidden in chest with feathers. Husband believes he is a devil. (Cf. K1218.1.) J. Prinz ”A Tale of a Prioress and her Three Wooers“ Literar.-Hist. Forschungen XLVII (Berlin, 1912) 65ff., 113ff.; Hilka Compilatio Singularis Exemplorum No. 14.

K1517.4.1. K1517.4.1. Paramour falls in cesspool. Husband thinks he is a demon. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 72; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1517.5. K1517.5. Paramour poses as unsuccessful suitor. When surprised with the wife he tells the husband that he has been trying to force the woman, with no success. The wife supports the statement. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1517.6. K1517.6. Paramour escapes disguised as monk. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1517.7. K1517.7. Paramour disguised as pregnant woman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1517.8. K1517.8. Paramour poses as robber. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1517.9. K1517.9. Paramour disguised as cloth merchant is surprised by the husband. He asks the woman to be paid for a pretended sale. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1517.10. K1517.10. Paramour leaving love-tryst is met by husband. Pretends he had come to see him on business. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1517.11. K1517.11. Paramour escapes by pretending to be returning borrowed basket. Heptameron No. 29.

K1517.12. K1517.12. Escaping paramour said to be a deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1518. K1518. The enchanted pear tree. The wife makes the husband, who has seen the adultery from the tree, believe that the tree is magic or that he has seen double. *Type 1423; *F. N. Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (Boston, 1933) 817 (Merchant’s Tale); *Basset 1001 Contes II 150ff.; Chauvin VIII 98 No. 69, IX 39 No. 34; *Bйdier Fabliaux 468; *Stiefel Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 79; *Wesselski Mдrchen 214f. No. 23; Crane Vitry 240 No. 251; Herbert III 21; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 121 No. 103; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 95b; Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 9 (Lee 231); Dunlop-Wilson II 120f.; Mensa Philosophica No. 76.--Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1518.1. K1518.1. Husband who has surprised wife and paramour is made to believe that he has had an illusion. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1521. K1521. Paramour successfully hidden from husband. *Type 1364; *Wesselski Mдrchen 187 No. 2; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1521.1. K1521.1. Paramour successfully hidden in chimney (fireplace). Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1521.2. K1521.2. Paramour successfully hidden in chest. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Icelandic: Boberg.

K1521.2.1. K1521.2.1. Paramour placed in chest and covered with clothing. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1521.3. K1521.3. Paramour hidden under the wash. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1521.4. K1521.4. Paramour hidden in the bed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1521.4.1. K1521.4.1. Wife hides lover under bed. When husband comes in she drops candle and sends him out for another, allowing lover to escape unseen. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1521.5. K1521.5. Paramour hidden behind a screen. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1521.5.1. K1521.5.1. Lover escapes behind the sheet which wife holds up to show her husband. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1521.6. K1521.6. Husband busied with performing task while paramour escapes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1521.7. K1521.7. Paramour rolled into a carpet. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1522. K1522. Husband in hanging tub to escape coming flood. The priest who has thus duped the husband enjoys the wife. *Type 1361; *F. N. Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (Boston 1933) 786b (Miller‘s Tale); *Hammond Chaucer: a Bibliographical Manual 275; *Barnouw ”The Miller’s Tale van Chaucer“ Handlingen van het 6. nederlandsche Philologencongres (1910), Mod. Lang. Rev. VII 145; *Thompson in Bryan and Dempster 106ff.

K1523. K1523. Underground passage to paramour‘s house. (Inclusa.) Woman goes from one to the other. Her husband is made to believe that the woman next door is her sister. *Fischer-Bolte 219; Wesselski Mдrchen 188 No. 2; *Chauvin V 213 No. 121, VIII 96 No. 67; *Kцhler-Bolte I 393; Campbell Sages cx; *Krappe Archivum Romanicum XIX (1935) 213--226; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 1; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1524. K1524. Adulteress falls in mud at lover‘s door. She deceives her husband by saying that she must enter and clean her dress. *Crane Vitry 226f. No. 230; Herbert III 18; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 25 No. 19; Mensa Philosophica No. 70; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1525. K1525. The Lord above; the lord below. A husband returning home surprises a woman and her paramour and a numskull who has blundered in. The woman hides the numskull in the bed and the paramour under it. The husband, who is leaving on a journey, lifts his hands to heaven and says, ”I commend you to the Lord above.“ -- The numskull: ”Commend her rather to the lord below!“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 271 n. 1, Bebel II 99 No. 2, Morlini 286 No. 30; *Bйdier Fabliaux 453; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1380 II*; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 34; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1526. K1526. Friar‘s trousers on adulteress’s bed: relic to cure sickness. The husband is duped into believing that the friar has come to visit the sick. *Bolte Frey 248; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1527. K1527. The feigned wedding-feast. The husband returns unexpectedly to find his wife entertaining the paramour with a sumptuous feast. He is made to believe the feast is in honor of some newly-weds. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1528. K1528. Wife confesses to disguised husband. She suspects the fraud and persuades him that she knew the ruse and was testing him. He begs forgiveness. Bйdier Fabliaux 290, 453*; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1531. K1531. Husband transformed to goat must witness wife’s adultery. The devil has let him see his wife‘s unfaithfulness in this way. Type 824*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 824*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 824*; Russian: Andrejev No. 824*.

K1532. K1532. Gullible husband under the bed.

K1532.1. K1532.1. Adulteress tells her lover how she loves her husband. She thus deceives the spying husband under the bed. Penzer V 108 n. 2; Bшdker Exempler 269 No. 59; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1532.2. K1532.2. Adulteress tells how she may save her husband‘s life. Discovering him under the bed, she tells lover that at temple she has learned that her husband is to die soon unless she prevents death by sleeping with a strange man. The husband is satisfied. Benfey Panchatantra II 258ff., Panchatantra III 12 (tr. Ryder 348).

K1533. K1533. Gullible husband behind the tree. (Tristan and Isolt.) Husband goes to wife’s love tryst and hides behind a tree. The wife, having learned of his presence, tells lover that he should not allow their innocent relations to lead to gossip. Husband is appeased. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1535. K1535. Adulteress transforms her husband into an animal to get rid of him. (The Tsar‘s Dog.) Type 449*; Malone PMLA XLIII 418, 421, 441; Chauvin V 3, 5f., 198, *VI 198, VII 129f.; Penzer III 194; Kittredge Arthur 246ff.; Anderson Roman apuleja i narodnaja skazka I 376-487, 612-633; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3655; Russian: Andrejev No. 499A*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1535.1. K1535.1. Adulteress transforms man to stone up to the waist. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1536. K1536. Woman has husband made monk while he is drunk, so as to get rid of him. Scala Celi 87a No. 506; Crane Vitry No. 231; Liebrecht 124; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 38; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1538. K1538. Death feigned to meet paramour. Meetings in the grave (grave box). *Wesselski Mдrchen 197; *Child V 3f., 6, 280; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 876; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109t.

K1538.1. K1538.1. Wife feigns death and slips out to lover. Heptameron No. 60, 61. Italian Novella: Rotunda (K1862).

K1538.2. K1538.2. Death feigned so man can live with mistress. Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XXII 10.

K1541. K1541. Sexton’s own wife brings her offering. The priest grants to the sexton the offerings brought by all women whom the priest has loved. The priest always calls out ”Take“ when these women offer. The sexton‘s own wife comes. The priest calls out ”Take!“ (Cf. Q384.) Wesselski Bebel I 185 No. 40.

K1542. K1542. Husband frightened by wife’s paramour in hog pen. The husband sees the paramour who has hidden in the pen and says, ”Who are you?“ ”I am a miserable hog.“ The husband thinks that his hogs are possessed. (Cf. K1515, K1555, K1566, K1574.) Wesselski Bebel I 206 No. 92; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 193.

K1543. K1543. The marked coat in the wife‘s room. A procuress obtains a woman for her client by leaving a marked coat in her room. The husband drives the wife away and she joins her lover. The procuress then goes to the husband and alleges that she lost a coat with certain marks. The husband is deceived and takes the wife back. *Bйdier Fabliaux 443; **Eberling Auberйe, altfranzцsische fabel etc. (Berlin, 1891); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1544. K1544. Husband unwittingly instrumental in wife’s adultery. (Usually shares his bedmate with others, not knowing that she is his wife.) Heptameron No. 8; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 9; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1544.1. K1544.1. Husband rescues wife‘s paramour. Not knowing lover’s identity, husband takes him to his wife and entrusts him to her care. He then leaves on a trip. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1545. K1545. Wives wager as to who can best fool her husband. *Type 1406; *Liebrecht 124; Bйdier Fabliaux 265ff.; *Crane Vitry 227 No. 231, cf. 238 No. 248; Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 9 (Lee 231); Christensen DF XLVII 229; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1546. K1546. Woman warns lover of husband by parody incantation. (Cf. K1961.1.2.1, V66.1, X441.) Boccaccio Decameron VII No. 1 (Lee 185); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1546.1. K1546.1. Woman warns lover of husband by singing song. U.S.: *Baughman.

K1546.2. K1546.2. Woman encourages paramour by song. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1548. K1548. Adulteress makes believe that her suspicious husband is insane. He is taken away. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1549. K1549. Adulteress outwits husband--miscellaneous motifs.

K1549.1. K1549.1. Woman has paramour steal her husband‘s clothes. Paramour gains entrance disguised as the husband. The husband without his clothes is driven away from his home. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1549.2. K1549.2. Wife surprised in adultery feigns death. Comes ”back to life“ on hearing husband say he has seen nothing. (Cf. K1538.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1549.3. K1549.3. Lover carried away on mistress‘s shoulders so that his footprints will not be visible in the snow. Spectator Papers No. 181.

K1549.4. K1549.4. Lover leaves horse outside house as husband comes up: wife tells husband their cow has foaled a horse. India: Thompson-Balys. Cf. English, Scottish: *Child No. 274.

K1549.5. K1549.5. Unfaithful wife communicates with lover by pouring milk into stream. Irish myth: Cross.

K1549.6. K1549.6. Wife’s attendants on trip chase wrong man as suspected lover and miss real lover. Heptameron No. 15.

K1549.7. K1549.7. Husband deceived as to noise made by hidden paramour. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1549.8. K1549.8. Woman cooks food for paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1550.3. K1550.3. Adulteress detected by food she prepares for paramour.

K1550. K1550. Husband outwits adulteress and paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1550.1. K1550.1. Husband discovers wife’s adultery. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1550.1.1. K1550.1.1. Adulteress detected: husband secretly drops dye on her dress. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1550.1.2. K1550.1.2. Adulteress detected by food she prepares for paramour. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 341.

K1551. K1551. Husband returns home secretly and spies on adulteress and lovers. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1551.1. K1551.1. Husband returns secretly and kills unwelcome suitor. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1553. K1553. Husband feigns blindness and avenges himself on his wife and her paramour. *Type 1380; *BP III 124; *Taylor MPh XV 227 n. 1; Stiefel Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 74; Russian: Andrejev No. 1380; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1553.1. K1553.1. Husband feigns illness to surprise wife with paramour. (Cf. K1514.11.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1554. K1554. The husband sets house afire and ousts hidden paramour. Type 1406*; von der Hagen II *xxxvi No. 41.

K1554.1. K1554.1. Trickster sets fire to barrel of tow in which paramour is hidden. The paramour, naked, runs out carrying wisps of burning tow. The trickster tells the husband that he has raised the devil. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

K1555. K1555. Husband carries off box containing hidden paramour. Latter exposed (otherwise discomfited). *Type 1535; **A. Stepphun Das Fabel vom Prestre comportй und seine Versionen (Kцnigsberg, 1913); *BP II 18; *Basset 1001 Contes II 45; *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 412, 420; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 10 No. 5; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 73; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1555.0.1. K1555.0.1. Dying woman lures paramour into chest. Asks husband to bury chest with her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1555.0.2. K1555.0.2. Chest containing paramour unwittingly taken away by husband. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1555.1. K1555.1. Lover hidden in hen-coop discovered by husband. Boccaccio Decameron V No. 10 (Lee 173); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1555.2. K1555.2. The devil in the barrel. The naked lover hides himself in a sooty barrel. The husband receives from a curious gentleman a good sum of money for showing him the ”devil“. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2900*; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1556. K1556. Old Hildebrand. Hidden cuckold reveals his presence by rhymes. He responds to the rhymes made by the wife and paramour concerning their entertainment. *Type 1360C; **Anderson Der Schwank vom alten Hildebrand (Dorpat, 1931); *BP II 373; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 188a nn. 164--5; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 93, III No. 193.

K1556.1. K1556.1. Adulteress binds husband‘s eyes and causes him to sing incantations concerning the adultery. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1557. K1557. Husband discovers wife‘s adultery by riddling conversation. In this indirect manner the wife confesses and promises reform. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 122 No. 1358*.

K1557.1. K1557.1. Husband discovers paramour’s love letter in his wife‘s purse after having made her drunk. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1558. K1558. The husband prepares to castrate the crucifix. The artist’s wife‘s paramour poses as a crucifix when caught. When he sees the husband’s preparations, he flees naked. *Kцhler-Bolte II 469; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 42; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1558.1. K1558.1. Husband castrates paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1561. K1561. The husband meets the paramour in the wife’s place. Beats him (or cuts off privates). *Wesselski Bebel II 149 No. 161; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 60; N. A. Indian (Malecite): Mechling GSCan VI 83 No. 21, (Fox): Jones PAES I 145.

K1561.1. K1561.1. Husband hides in wife‘s room and kills paramour. Heptameron No. 32.

K1562. K1562. Husband catches paramour in pitfall. The wife sends her maid to investigate. The maid falls in and finally the wife herself. The husband calls the neighborhood to see them. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 9 No. 4; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 56; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1563. K1563. Husband (god) traps wife and paramour with magic armor. (Vulcan, Mars, Venus.) *Basset RTP XXIII 167.

K1564. K1564. Husband proves intrigue by secretly blacking paramour’s mouth. When he returns, his wife‘s face is black. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 863.

K1565. K1565. Blades (broken glass) to wound and detect wife’s lover. (Often on window.) Type 432; *Krappe Balor 35ff.; *Schoepperle I 218ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

K1566. K1566. Cuckolded man shuts wife‘s paramour in chest and lies on the chest with latter’s wife. Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 8 (Lee 261); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1566.1. K1566.1. Cuckold unwittingly lies with wife on chest containing her hidden paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1567. K1567. Husband tricks wife into riding a mule which has been denied water. On fording a stream the mule plunges into the water. Wife drowns. (Sometimes also paramour.) Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 47; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 90; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1568. K1568. Husband in disguise begs food of his wife‘s suitors. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 299 n. 6.

K1569. K1569. Husband outwits wife and paramour--miscellaneous motifs.

K1569.1. K1569.1. Husband collects fee from paramour. Surprised paramour pays. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 43; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1569.2. K1569.2. Husband surprises wife and paramour. Rebukes them for not shutting the door. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 71.

K1569.3. K1569.3. Illness feigned to go to mistress. Husband leaves bed to go to serving maid. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1569.4. K1569.4. Husband takes place of paramour. Beats or otherwise discomfits wife. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 65; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1569.5. K1569.5. Husband catches paramour by using wife’s pre-arranged signal. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1569.6. K1569.6. Husband persuades wife to light wicks and carry knife in hand before committing adultery: lovers frightened away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1569.7. K1569.7. Alleged speaking privates. Husband pretends that his wife‘s privates tell him of her adultery. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1569.8. K1569.8. Husband discomfits paramour and wife by clever remark showing that he knows all. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 35.

K1569.9. K1569.9. Husband kills surprised paramour. Wife persuades him he has killed thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1570. K1570. Trickster outwits adulteress and paramour.

K1571. K1571. Trickster discovers adultery: food goes to husband instead of paramour. *Types 1535, 1725; *BP II 18; von der Hagen III *xxix; Wesselski Mдrchen 216 No. 27; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1360A*, 2901*, 2902*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1380 VIII*; Russian: Andrejev 1360A*, 1730 IV; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1571.0.1. K1571.0.1. Trickster discovers adultery: gets food prepared for paramour. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1571.1. K1571.1. Trickster as sham magician makes adulteress produce hidden food for her husband. *Type 1535; BP II 18; Scala Celi 37a No. 206; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1572. K1572. Trickster makes woman believe that her husband is coming to punish her adultery. She confesses. *Type 1725; BP II 131; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 136.

K1573. K1573. Trickster sends his master running after the paramour. Though the master does not know of the adultery, the lover is thoroughly frightened. *Type 1725; BP II 131; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 136.

K1574. K1574. Trickster as sham magician buys chest containing hidden paramour. (Cf. K1515, K1542, K1555, K1556.) *Types 1535, 1725; *BP II 18; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1574.1. K1574.1. Sham magician has paramour fall in a trap. Has trained bird to cling to him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1574.2. K1574.2. Trickster discovers woman‘s paramour and hides him in outhouse: rewarded by husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1577. K1577. Second lover burns paramour at window with hot iron. *Type 1361; Chaucer’s Miller‘s Tale; *Thompson The Miller’s Tale (Bryan and Dempster 106ff.); Italian Novella: Rotunda. See references for K1225.

K1578. K1578. God Vishnu in shape of nephew scares and torments his aunt‘s lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1580. K1580. Other deceits connected with adultery.

K1581. K1581. The lover’s gift regained. **J. W. Spargo FFC XCI; *F. N. Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer 838a. (Shipman‘s Tale).

K1581.1. K1581.1. Lover’s gift regained: the broken (removed) article. The lover breaks (or removes) an article of household equipment and convinces the husband that for that reason the wife has confiscated that which he gave her as a present. **Spargo FFC XCI.

K1581.2. K1581.2. Lover‘s gift regained: horse and wagon as gift. The lover regains gift of horse and wagon by pretending to the husband that the wife has confiscated them because he brought wood of uneven quality. **Spargo FFC XCI; *Erk-Bцhme Deutscher Liederhort (Leipzig, 1893--94) I 40ff.

K1581.3. K1581.3. Lover’s gift regained: borrowing from the husband and returning to the wife. The lover borrows money from the husband with which to corrupt the wife, later telling the husband that the money was returned to the wife during the husband‘s absence. **Spargo FFC XCI; Boccaccio Decameron VIII Nos. 1, 2 (*Lee 247ff.); F. N. Robinson Works of Chaucer 838a (Shipman’s Tale); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1581.4. K1581.4. Lover‘s gift regained: accidental discovery of identity. The lover, ignorant of the identity of the husband, tells him of his experience with the wife. The husband persuades the lover to lead him to the scene, where the wife is compelled to restore all but a small part of the money. *Spargo FFC XCI; *Euling Studien ьber Heinrich Kaufringer (Breslau, 1900) 65ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1581.5. K1581.5. Lover’s gift regained: piece of cloth as gift. The lover regains by a ruse and thievery the borrowed piece of cloth which he has presented to his mistress. **Spargo FFC XCI.

K1581.5.1. K1581.5.1. Lover claims payment for cloth in the presence of the husband. The woman returns the cloth but puts a live coal in it. Destroys his whole supply. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1581.5.2. K1581.5.2. Lover demands return of cloth on threat to await the husband‘s return. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1581.6. K1581.6. Lover’s gift regained: jewelry as gift. The lover presents the wife with a valuable piece of jewelry, which he regains by pretending to the husband that he has left it as a pledge. **Spargo FFC XCI; *Wesselski Bebel II 115f. No. 49; *Bolte Frey 242 No. 76.

K1581.7. K1581.7. Lover‘s gift regained: anser venalis (goose as gift). The lover regains his gift by a ruse (obscene). **Spargo FFC XCI; *Semerau Die Schwдke und Schnurren des Poggio (Leipzig, 1905) No. 69; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1581.7.1. K1581.7.1. Lover delays the gift of the goose hoping to obtain greater favors. Finally has to flee. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1581.8. K1581.8. Lover’s gift regained: refusal to leave bed. Woman fearing exposure returns money. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 178; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1581.9. K1581.9. Lover‘s gift regained: spending money to purchase lover’s worthless goods. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1581.10. K1581.10. Lover‘s gift regained: payment with worthless money. Lover bargains with the husband. Pays him with worthless money. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1581.11. K1581.11. Prostitute paid with counterfeit money. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1581.12. K1581.12. Husband gets gift which paramour has given to wife. U.S.: *Baughman.

K1582. K1582. Lover blackmails adulteress.

K1582.1. K1582.1. After seducing priest’s wife, peasant demands earrings as price of silence. He thus avenges himself on priest who has cheated peasant‘s wife of her earrings. Russian: Andrejev No. 1726**.

K1583. K1583. Husband duped by paramour into taking his wife to him. She is veiled. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1584. K1584. Innocent confessor duped into being go-between for adulteress and lover. By following suggestions in her false accusations to confessor the lover reaches her side. Boccaccio Decameron III No. 3 (Lee 71); *Borgeld Vrouwenlist: verbreiding en oorsprong van een novelle uit den Decamerone (Neuphilologische Bibliotheek No. 7, Den Haag, 1926); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1585. K1585. Wife takes servant‘s place and discovers husband’s adultery. The husband says that he is going into a state of meditation with a cloth over his face. He substitutes a servant and goes to his mistress. The wife finds the deceit and takes the servant‘s place. On his return the husband tells the supposed servant of his adultery. Japanese: Anesaki 361.

K1586. K1586. Paramour feigns loss of genitals in order to obtain the husband’s confidence. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 13; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1587. K1587. Adulteress uses the public baths as a meeting-place with her lover. A naive remark by her child exposes the deception to the husband. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 66; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1588. K1588. Woman excites peasant (secretary), who draws line on floor and dares her to cross it. When she does, adultery is committed. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 23; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1591. K1591. Seventy tales of a parrot prevent a wife‘s adultery. The parrot keeps her interested until her husband’s return. *Schmidt Cukasaptati (Kiel, 1894, Stuttgart, 1896); Kцhler-Bolte I 47, 336, 513; Clouston Tales II 196ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 59 No. *435.

K1591.0.1. K1591.0.1. Faithless wife kills magic parrot which has betrayed her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1591.1. K1591.1. Peacock left as spy on adulterous wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1591.2. K1591.2. Dog guards chastity of master’s wife during his absence. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1592. K1592. Paramour sends prostitutes in disguise to take mistress to ”convent“. Husband is deceived by the ruse. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1593. K1593. Adulteress disguised as boy elopes with paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1594. K1594. Student extends his course so as to enjoy the professor‘s wife. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1595. K1595. The ”loyal“ adulteress. Complacent in all except kissing. Explains that her mouth is the only part of her body which has promised fidelity to her husband. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 48; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1596. K1596. Faithful wife in disguise saves husband from punishment for adultery. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1600--K1699.

K1600--K1699. Deceiver falls into own trap.

K1600. K1600. Deceiver falls into own trap. Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 59-79; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 264f.

K1601. K1601. Deceiver falls into his own trap (literally). Arranges a trap or pitfall but is himself caught. Type 1117; Africa: Werner African 214, (Hottentot): Bleek 78; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 254 No. 33; West Indies: Flowers 539.

K1601.1. K1601.1. Pitfall arranged but victim escapes it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1603. K1603. Man falls into sacrificial grave prepared for others. Rich man orders poor people to dig a grave in order to bury all in it as sacrifice to avert famine. But a Christian frees them and promises those who become Christian a living. The rich man himself falls in the grave and dies. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1605. K1605. Thief-catcher caught by his own magic club. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1610. K1610. Deceiver falls into his own trap--miscellaneous incidents. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1611. K1611. Substituted caps cause ogre to kill his own children. The hero and heroine change places in bed with the ogre‘s children and put on them their caps so that the ogre is deceived. *Types 327, 1119; *BP I 124 n. 1; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 22; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 358ff.; (Northern Paiute [Paviotso]): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 226 No. 10; Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 73 n. 3; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 267 No. 77.

K1611.1. K1611.1. Substituted string causes ogre to be killed. Intended victim of cannibal is marked by thread around ankle. Changed in night to host. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1611.2. K1611.2. Guest to be killed suspects plot and forces host to sleep in his bed. Brothers come home and kill their father. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1611.3. K1611.3. Girl takes place of impostor in marriage bed; impostor‘s mother beats her, thinking she is heroine. Chinese: Graham.

K1611.4. K1611.4. Noose changed so that ogre’s daughter is dragged to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1611.5. K1611.5. Kid puts one of tigress‘s cubs in his place: she eats the cub. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1612. K1612. Message of death fatal to sender. (Gang nach dem Eisenhammer.) A man is sent by the king to burners of a kiln who have been instructed to throw the first arrival into the fire. The intended victim goes elsewhere and the king’s son (or the man‘s accuser), who next arrives, is burned instead. *Type 930; **J. Schick Das Glьckskind mit dem Todesbrief (1932); *Aarne FFC XXIII 73ff.; *Penzer II 113; **Cosquin Йtudes 73ff., 129ff.; *Chauvin VIII 145; *Fb ”teglovn“; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 40 No. 34; *Oesterley No. 283; Scala Celi 130b No. 713; *Herbert III 198, 589; *Gaster Exempla 239f., 246f. Nos. 320, 345; *Hilka Neue Beitrдge zur Erzдhlungsliteratur des Mittelalters No. 6; *bin Gorion Born Judas V 226f.; Verdam Handelingen en Mededeelingen der Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde (1898--99; bijlage) 1ff.; *Taylor MPh XV 177; BP IV 352; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 509; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 17 No. 8.--Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxiv, Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 229, Voorhoeve No. 151, 142.

K1612.1. K1612.1. Person sends wrong man to sleep with king‘s daughter. In revenge villain orders whoever first enters temple to be killed. Villain accidentally enters and is slain. Irish myth: Cross.

K1612.2. K1612.2. ”Shoot any thief who comes.“ King unwittingly shot. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1613. K1613. Poisoner poisoned with his own poison.

K1613.0.1. K1613.0.1. Would-be poisoner forced to drink poisoned cup. Irish myth: Cross.

K1613.1. K1613.1. Person trying to blow poison on another is himself poisoned. Chauvin II 87 No. 22; Zs. d. dt. Morgenl. Ges. XLII 115ff.; B[ц]dker Exempler 280 No. 23; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1613.2. K1613.2. Wife poisons husband who in turn poisons her. Before he dies he forces her to drink from the same cup. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1613.2.1. K1613.2.1. Person gives his wife a poisoned drink; she pours the two drinks together. They both die. England: Baughman.

K1613.3. K1613.3. Poisoner’s own son takes the beverage intended for step-brother. Spanish: Childers; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1613.4. K1613.4. Son who intends to poison father drinks the poison by mistake. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1613.5. K1613.5. Snake killed by incantation he has taught clever woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1614. K1614. Father delivering daughter to be eaten by cannibal is himself eaten. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 114 No. 27.

K1615. K1615. Ogre‘s own moccasins burned. The ogre plans to burn the hero’s moccasins while they are camping together, but the hero exchanges the moccasins. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 325 n. 172.

K1616. K1616. Marooned man reaches home and outwits marooner.

K1616.1. K1616.1. Marooned egg-gatherer. The father-in-law has the youth hunt eggs on an island and deserts him, but the youth outwits him. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 326 n. 175. Cf. Spanish: Espinosa II No. 49.

K1616.2. K1616.2. Marooned man hides himself in ogre‘s clothes and outwits him. Type 1118*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1118.

K1617. K1617. Substituted arrows. Hero given arrows with soft points and sent after dangerous enemies. The deception discovered and the enemy discomfited. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 312 n. 121.

K1618. K1618. Deceiver in swinging contest killed. Old woman planning to kill hero in swinging game by cutting rope is killed when hero cuts the rope first. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 324 n. 169.

K1621. K1621. Tiger in sheep‘s clothing stolen by sheep-thief. Comparetti PFLS IX 144; *Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 236 No. 5.

K1622. K1622. Thief climbing rope discovered and rope cut. He has tricked the guardian of the food-supply in the tree (by imitation of the owner’s voice or the discovered pass-word) to let down the rope. *Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 242 No. 17.

K1623. K1623. Lawyer agrees to pay debt on winning his first case. He refuses to plead so as not to pay. Debtor sues him for double the amount due him. If he wins he has to pay and if he loses he has to pay double. He settles debt. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1624. K1624. Woman who engages false bridegroom for her daughter has plans go astray. Daughter is seduced. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1625. K1625. Monkey instead of girl in floating basket: hermit made laughing-stock. He has persuaded girl’s foolish father to place her in the basket. Prince takes girl and leaves monkey in her place. (Cf. K1333, K1674.) Penzer II 445.

K1626. K1626. Would-be killers killed.

K1626.1. K1626.1. Earl killed in combat with man he has undertaken to kill. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1626.2. K1626.2. Treacherous counselor killed in treacherous ballgame he himself has arranged. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1626.3. K1626.3. Boiling water meant for cooking hero used for man who has prepared it. S. Am. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 150.

K1628. K1628. Sons have servant impersonate dead father and falsify his will. Servant deceives them by favoring himself. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1631. K1631. The bribed boy sings the wrong song. The sexton steals the priest‘s cow. The next day the sexton’s son sings, ”My father stole the priest‘s cow.“ The priest pays the boy to sing the song in church. But the sexton teaches the boy a new song, ”The priest has lain with my mother,“ and this is sung in church. England, U.S.: Baughman; Danish: Kristensen Vore Fжdres Kirketjeneste 88ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 144 No. 1735A*; West Indies: Flowers 541f.

K1632. K1632. Fox leads ass to lion‘s den but is himself eaten. When he gets there the ass kicks him so that he falls on the lion’s bed. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 29 No. 50, Espinosa III Nos. 210f.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1633. K1633. Cock‘s advice proves disastrous to himself. He causes the ox and the ass to rebel but the master learns the cause of the trouble and kills him. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 36 No. 207*.

K1635. K1635. Partnership of Honesty and Fraud: Fraud loses. Fraud has cheated his partner, Honesty. They hire a housekeeper. Fraud is to have use of her right side, Honesty of her left. The left side is of little use. Fraud falls in love with her and pays Honesty double all his losses to relinquish his rights. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 99 No. 837, Keller.

K1636. K1636. Maids must rise even earlier. They have killed the cock for waking them too early, but their mistress punishes them. Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 279), 116 (ST 262); Halm Aesop No. 10.

K1637. K1637. Flattering foreman tricked by his master. He always answers his master’s remarks, ”I have thought of the same thing too.“ He falls into the trap when his master says, ”I am going to sow salt.“ Type 1574*.

K1641. K1641. Ambushed trickster killed by intended victim. *Penzer V 59 n. 2; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 69; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 247 No. 23.

K1641.1. K1641.1. Husband intending to push wife down mountain is pushed over by her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1642. K1642. Mole as trickster killed in his own tunnel. He tricks the fox by going through the tunnel and eating the common food, but the fox sees the molehill and kills him. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 203 No. 29.

K1643. K1643. Animal strangled by victim which he tries to eat. B[ц]dker Exempler 281 No. 26; Chauvin II 88 No. 24.

K1645. K1645. Woman ordered to strip has lover turn his back; pushes him into water (pit). (Cf. K551.4.3, K926, K1210.) U.S.: Baughman. Cf. Child Ballad No. 4.

K1651. K1651. Woman bitten by own fierce watchdog. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1652. K1652. Woman who tries to push husband into river falls in when he steps aside. She drowns because she has tied his hands and he is unable to aid her. (She also thinks he is blind because she has fed him rich food to induce blindness.) (Cf. Type 1380.) U.S.: *Baughman.

K1655. K1655. The lawyer‘s mad client. (Pathelin.) On the advice of a lawyer, the client feigns insanity when arraigned in court. When the fee is demanded, he still feigns insanity. *Type 1585; *Prato RTP IX 537; *Dubsky RTP XXIII 427; Kцhler-Bolte I 362; **Oliver JAFL XXII 395; *Bolte Wickram’s Rollwagenbьchlein 371 No. 36; Scala Celi 8a No. 51.--Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 139 No. 26; West Indies: Flowers 542.

K1655.1. K1655.1. ”No argument good without a witness.“ Lawyer‘s client therefore refuses payment of fee. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1656. K1656. Sham dumb man wins suit. The trickster meets a man in a narrow place in the road and calls out to him to make room. The man refuses and the trickster turns over the cart. In court the trickster plays dumb. The plaintiff says, ”He is not dumb; he called out to me several times to get out of the way.“ Damages are assessed against the plaintiff for negligence. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 210 No. 425.

K1657. K1657. Unjust official outwitted by peasant who quarrels with him and thus turns the attention of the ruler to the abuses. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 847; Nouvelles de Sens. No. 1; Lithuanian: Balys Historical.

K1661. K1661. The order for six loads of snow. The order is given by the king in winter. The courtier waits until summer to present the order. Gets money as substitute. Chauvin VIII 149 No. 149.

K1663. K1663. Spying parent jolted in basket. A lover is let down into a girl‘s room at night in a basket. The spying parent stumbles into the basket and is jolted about by the lover’s confederate. The parent thinks the devil has got him and leaves the lovers in peace. von der Hagen III 36 No. 55; English: Child No. 281.

K1664. K1664. Trickster eats his own dog. Trickster sells dog for mutton or for opossum. He later eats the dog which has been given to a friend of his by the purchaser. U.S.: *Baughman.

K1667. K1667. Unjust banker deceived into delivering deposits by making him expect even larger. In order to make the impression of honesty he delivers the one chest of money. The ten chests which he then receives are filled with stones. Penzer III 118ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 96a; *Chauvin IX 24 No. 13; Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 10 (Lee 266); *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 27; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 135 No. 1617*, Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman, *bin Gorion Born Judas II 131, 346, IV 132, 281; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1667.1. K1667.1. Blind man gets back his stolen treasure by making thief expect a larger one.

K1667.1.1. K1667.1.1. Retrieving the buried treasure. Buried money is stolen. Blind owner pretends that he is going to bury more. Thief returns the money hoping to get all. Blind man recovers original treasure. Spanish: Childers; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1667.1.2. K1667.1.2. Blind man asks thief to invest a larger sum for him. The greedy thief puts back the stolen money hoping to get more. The blind man recovers his money. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1672. K1672. Dwarf himself falls in love with girl he has seduced by magic love, and loses her as he is forced to remove his magic. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1673. K1673. Sage’s advice followed: he is killed so that sacrifice can be mixed with his blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1674. K1674. Bear (tiger) substituted for woman in floating box; kills villain who tries to steal the woman. (Cf. K1625.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1675. K1675. Swindlers allowed to hide money: proves to be basket of stones. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1676. K1676. Pretended sick man aroused by beating.

K1676.1. K1676.1. Woman, who pretends to faint, comes to life when beaten by magician in order to drive out alleged evil spirit. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1677. K1677. Magician challenged to make good his false claim. Says he can take black and white dogs and make them gray and then reverse process. Trickster furnishes gray dog and challenges magician to show his power. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1681. K1681. Originator of death first sufferer. After the culture hero has instituted death, his own child dies and he repents in vain. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 285 n. 52, (California): Gayton and Newman 59, 64; Africa: Werner African 162.

K1681.1. K1681.1. Inventor of death machine is first to use it. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1682. K1682. Disguised trickster beaten by man he is trying to frighten. Disguise as ghost. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47 No. 326, Espinosa II Nos. 136--138.

K1682.1. K1682.1. ”Big ‘Fraid and Little ’Fraid.“ Man decides to frighten another (or his son or servant). He dresses in a sheet; his pet monkey puts on a sheet and follows him. The person who is doing the scaring hears the victim say, ”Run Big Fraid, run; Little Fraid‘ll get you.“ The scarer sees the monkey in the sheet, runs home. (Cf. K1833.) Canada, England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman.

K1683. K1683. Tables turned on procuress by chaste wife. The old woman is enticed into the wife’s room, beaten, and driven forth naked. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 408.

K1684. K1684. Seller of pardons robbed by man whom he has pardoned beforehand. The defence declared good by the judge. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 301; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 63; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1685. K1685. The treasure-finders who murder one another. Two (three) men find a treasure. One of them secretly puts poison in the other‘s wine, but the other kills him, drinks the wine and dies. *Type 763; Chaucer’s ”Pardoner‘s Tale“; *F. N. Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (Boston, 1933) 834; *BP II 154; *Basset 1001 Contes III 181ff.; *Chauvin VIII 100 No. 73; *Wesselski Morlini 293 No. 42; *Bolte Montanus 564; *Basset RTP XIV 440; *Hart MPh IX 17; *Wells MPh XXV 163.--Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *bin Gorion Born Judas IV 41, 276; India: Cowell J[a]taka I 124, *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 386 No. 115; Eberhard FFC CXX 201f.; Korean: Zong in-Sob 186 No. 81.

K1686. K1686. Tail sticking from ground betrays killing of calf. So arranged by servant in revenge on his master. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1687. K1687. The easier job. Men exchange jobs because each is made to believe that the other‘s is easier. It is not. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1691. K1691. The woman as cuckoo on the tree shot down. The anger bargain is to cease when the cuckoo crows. The ogre‘s wife climbs the tree and imitates the cuckoo. She is shot down. *Type 1029; Kцhler-Bolte I 151; Wьnsche 29, 33, 36ff., 47, 51ff., 61, 106; Fb ”tjжre“ III 811a; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--7; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 115.

K1691.1. K1691.1. A man in place of a cuckoo. A cruel master commands his serf to climb a tree and imitate the cry of the cuckoo; he shoots the ”cuckoo.“ Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3745.

K1691.2. K1691.2. Woman killed. Disliking early rising, the servant kills devil’s mother or grandmother, who crows in place of the cock. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1029A*.

K1692. K1692. Teacher instructs pupil in the art of love: cuckolded. Student, ignoring woman‘s identity, seduces the teacher’s wife, and reports success to him. The teacher makes futile attempts to surprise wife with pupil. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1693. K1693. Trickster‘s eggs become an omelet. Tries to avoid paying tax by hiding eggs in his breeches. The collectors make him sit down. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1696. K1696. Trickster makes believe he has found a purse (which he had filled with lead). Merchant claims it and pays ten crowns for it. Trickster wins ensuing suit. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1700-K2099.

K1700-K2099. DECEPTION THROUGH SHAMS

K1700-K1799.

K1700-K1799. Deception through bluffing.

K1700. K1700. Deception through bluffing.

K1710. K1710. Ogre (large animal) overawed. Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 5; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 14 Nos. 3, 4; Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 191f.; West Indies: Flowers 542.

K1711. K1711. Ogre made to believe small hero is large: overawed. India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 245; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 359 No. 12.

K1711.1. K1711.1. Tiger made to believe porcupine bristle is his enemy‘s hair: overawed. India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 90; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 53.

K1714. K1714. Boys threaten to harness tiger. They have jumped on him from behind and he cannot see. He buys them off. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715. K1715. Weak animal (man) makes large one (ogre) believe that he has eaten many of the large one‘s companions. The latter is frightened. Types 126*, 1149; *BP I 160 n. 1; *Krappe Neophilologus XV 274ff.; Russian: Andrejev No. 126; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 249f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: *Dixon 191 nn. 15, 16, 192 n. 17; Africa: Weeks Jungle 394, Werner African 223, (Kaffir): Kidd 230 No. 2, (Vai): Ellis 191 No. 7, (Hottentot): Bleek 24; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 317, 320, 322; West Indies: Flowers 543; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 44 No. 9, 291 No. 49.

K1715.1. K1715.1. Weak animal shows strong his own reflection and frightens him. Tells him that this animal is threatening to kill him. (Usually hare and lion.) *Penzer V 49 n. 1; Chauvin II 88 No. 25; India: *Thompson-Balys; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 134 No. 18, (Virginia): Parsons JAFL XXXV 264 No. 12.

K1715.1.1. K1715.1.1. Weak animal shows strong his own reflection and makes him believe that it is the head of the last animal slain by the weak. B[ц]dker Exempler 282 No. 27; Indonesia, Malay, Hindu: Dixon 191 n. 16, *DeVries Volksverhalen I 362 No. 14.

K1715.1.2. K1715.1.2. Man shows ghost its own reflection and frightens it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.1.3. K1715.1.3. Man shows demon reflection and frightens him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.2. K1715.2. Bluff: only one tiger; you promised ten. Child (or shepherd) calls out to the small hero (ape, hare) and makes the tiger (ogre) think that he is lucky to escape alive. *Type 1149; Aarne FFC XI 154; Dh IV 278; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 322.

K1715.3. K1715.3. The wolf flees from the wolf-head. The sheep have found a sack and a wolf-head. They make the wolf believe that they have killed a wolf, and he flees in terror. *Type 125; BP I 237ff., 254; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 249f., 255f., 266; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 54.

K1715.4. K1715.4. Enemies frightened away by making them think they will be eaten. Chauvin V 23 No. 13 n. 1; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 255f., 266.

K1715.4.1. K1715.4.1. Spirits frightened away by making them think they will be eaten. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 443.

K1715.5. K1715.5. Leopard frightened away by report of lizard’s presence. Lizard has bitten leopard before. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.6. K1715.6. Trickster pretends to hunt certain tree with which his ancestors have killed tigers. Tiger frightened away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.7. K1715.7. Bluff: small (lame) hero makes demon believe he is a god and threatens to eat him. Demon terrorized. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.8. K1715.8. Bluff: hero to brother, ”You take one and I can manage the rest.“ India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.9. K1715.9. Trickster purports to be deity‘s messenger to procure demon-skins for his drum. Demons bribe him instead of devouring him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.10. K1715.10. Ass claims to have killed cow: frightens tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.11. K1715.11. Lion frightened away by stabbing at it from inside iron cage. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.12. K1715.12. Large animal frightened by smaller showing him well rope (for his tail), curds (for spit), winnowing fans (for ears). India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.13. K1715.13. Tiger made to believe that his captor has eaten many crabs. Tiger fears crabs and releases him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1715.14. K1715.14. Fox overawes lion cubs by his boasting and eats their food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1716. K1716. Hare as ambassador of the moon. Hare claiming to be ambassador of moon shows elephant the moon irritated in a spring. Elephant is persuaded that the moon is angry. *Penzer V 101 n. 1; Chauvin II 96 No. 49; Panchatantra III 2 (tr Ryder 308); B[ц]dker Exempler 294 No. 54; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1717. K1717. Big shoes in front of the barn. Man makes giant shoes and places them so that ogre thinks a giant lives there. Type 1151.

K1718. K1718. Ogre overawed by hero’s boasts about marvelous relatives.

K1718.1. K1718.1. Bluff: thunder said to be the rolling of hero‘s brother’s wagon. Ogre overawed. Type 1147.

K1718.2. K1718.2. Bluff: millstones said to be pearls of hero‘s mother. Ogre overawed. Type 1146.

K1718.3. K1718.3. Bluff: huge cauldron of tar said to be kitchen-pot of hero’s mother. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1718.4. K1718.4. Bluff: harrow said to be comb of hero‘s mother. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1718.5. K1718.5. Bluff: plow said to be hoe of hero’s mother. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1721. K1721. Hero proves himself a cannibal by trick vomit-exchange. Dh III 142; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 301 n. 102; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 381 No. 7.

K1721.1. K1721.1. Hero frightens dog into giving up eating men by pretending to eat own entrails. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1721.2. K1721.2. Ant-eater deceives jaguar by excrement-exchange. S. A. Indian (Caingeng, Bacairi): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 294.

K1722. K1722. Monkey pretends that his house always answers him. India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 31.

K1723. K1723. Goat pretends to be chewing rock. Frightens wolf. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 112 No. 14.

K1725. K1725. ”St. George’s Dogs“ (wolves). The man says, ”St. George‘s dogs are coming!“ The ogre flees. Type 1150; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 148; West Indies: Flowers 543f.

K1725.1. K1725.1. ”Dogs are chasing you,“ says ox to jackal. Really water gurgling in the ox’s stomach. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1725.2. K1725.2. Tiger thinks sound of water dropping is sound of dreadful monster: flees. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1726. K1726. Giantess frightened of leaving cave because of hero‘s statue in entrance. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1727. K1727. Tiger frightened at hearing unknown wind. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1728. K1728. The bear trainer and his bear. (Schrдtel und Wasserbдr.) Ogre is driven out by hero’s bear. The next year the ogre asks, ”Is the big cat still living?“ Hero says that it now has many kittens. Ogre is overawed. *Type 1161; **Taylor MPh XVII 305ff.; **Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 33ff.; Christiansen ”Kjжtten paa D[ц]vre“ Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter 2 kl. (1922) No. 6; *Fb ”hund“ I 678b; Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 434ff., (1928) 291--92; Scotland: Baughman.

K1732. K1732. Wages: as much as he can carry. To get rid of the boy the troll offers him as large wages as he is able to carry. Boy says that this will be too much, that he will be contented merely with what the troll can carry. Type 1153.

K1733. K1733. Ogre made to believe hero has withstood fire. Hero escapes and after the room he has been in is burned he returns and is found sitting in the ashes. ”It was a bit hot,“ he says. *Type 1116.

K1733.1. K1733.1. Giant persuaded that hero has pushed hole in wall with bare hand. Hole bored before. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1735. K1735. Dog pretends to be calling dog in the moon when he barks. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1736. K1736. Troll bluffed away from christening. He is invited but told that guests will include the Virgin Mary, Thor the Thunderer, etc. He stays away but sends the finest present. *Type 1165; Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, German, Finnish, Estonian, Livonian, Latvian, Lithuanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 137--161.

K1741. K1741. Bluff: hero professes to be able to perform much larger task than that assigned. *BP III 333; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K1741.1. K1741.1. Felling the whole forest. Told to bring in a tree, the hero asks, ”Why not the whole forest?“ The ogre is frightened. *Type 1049; *BP III 333; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--167; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1741.1.1. K1741.1.1. Bluff: told to bring home a tree, hero prepares to bring home six. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1741.2. K1741.2. A thousand at one shot. Told to shoot one or two wild boars, hero asks, ”Why not a thousand at one shot?“ The ogre is frightened. *Type 1053; *BP III 333.

K1741.2.1. K1741.2.1. Bluff: told to bring home an ox, hero prepares to bring home ten. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1741.3. K1741.3. Bringing the whole well. Told to get water, hero demands bucket large enough to bring in the whole well. The ogre is frightened. Type 1049; *BP III 333; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--167.

K1741.3.1. K1741.3.1. Bluff: told to bring water in an ox skin, hero prepares to dig a canal. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1741.4. K1741.4. Wrestler claims to be able even to carry away a mountain. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1744. K1744. Hero threatens to pull the lake together with a rope. The ogre is intimidated. *Types 1045, 1650; Spanish: Espinosa Nos. 163--167; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K1745. K1745. Hero threatens to haul away the warehouse with a rope. The ogre is intimidated. Type 1046.

K1746. K1746. Trickster threatens to throw weight into a cloud: ogre intimidated. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1755. K1755. Ogre terrified by woman‘s legs. He has formerly been caught in a vise. On his approach, the man’s wife stands on her head and ogre thinks her legs are a vise. He flees. *Type 1159; *BP II 530 n. 3. Cf. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1154*, 1164C*.

K1755.1. K1755.1. Bear frightened away by man threatening to cleave its skull with his penis. He meets a woman who, upon being told what man had threatened, shows him a vestige of the cleaving she once got. Only partly healed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1756. K1756. Ogre terrified by an iron man. In order to save the king’s daughter from the ogre an iron man is forged. *Type 1162.

K1760. K1760. Other bluffs.

K1761. K1761. Bluff: provisions for the swimming match. In a swimming match from a ship the hero takes a knapsack of provisions on his back. His rival is afraid and gives up. *Type 1612; N. A. Indian (Maliseet): Speck JAFL XXX 482 No. 7; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 190.

K1762. K1762. Bluff: climbing the mast. In a contest in climbing the mast the hero falls into the rigging. ”You do the same thing,“ he challenges. The sailors are persuaded of his expertness. *Type 1611; N. A. Indian (Maliseet): Speck JAFL XXX 482 No. 7; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 190.

K1765. K1765. Bluff in court: the stone in the purse. A poor man has a stone in his purse to throw at the judge if he is sentenced. The judge thinks that he has money to use as a bribe and acquits him. *Type 1660; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 253 No. 171.

K1766. K1766. Trickster‘s boasting scares his powerful opponent from contest. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1766.1. K1766.1. False boasting of having killed his foster-brother makes his men follow the boaster. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1767. K1767. Goat singing a threatening song bought off with food and jewels. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1771. K1771. Bluffing threat.

K1771.1. K1771.1. Sham threat: ”In earnest or in jest?“ A man asks another who has brushed against him: ”Did you do that in earnest or in jest?“--”In earnest.“--”I am glad, for I don’t like that kind of jesting.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 219 No. 450.

K1771.2. K1771.2. Sham threat: either .... or. ”Either you give me the road or I (will give it to you, or the like).“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 21ff. No. 450; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1564*.

K1771.3. K1771.3. Sham threat: something he has never done before. Beggar says, ”If you do not give me alms I shall have to do something I have never done before.“ The alms are given and he is asked what he would have had to do. ”Work.“ *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 217 No. 450.

K1771.4. K1771.4. Sham threat: the faked duel. Two who had challenged each other agree to hold a sham duel. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1771.5. K1771.5. Sham threat: if I were not a philosopher I should break your head for you. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 68.

K1771.6. K1771.6. Girl‘s sham threat in order to evade husband till lover returns. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1771.7. K1771.7. Sham threat of war holds ships back so that there suddenly are enough men to man defending ship. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1771.8. K1771.8. Sham dream prophesying shipwreck makes people leave ship so that there is room enough for man who wants to go. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1771.9. K1771.9. King menaced into giving his daughter by means of borrowed fleet. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1772. K1772. Pretended anger. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1774. K1774. King persuades men to follow him, pretending that he is going to make peace with his brothers, instead battle. [A]ns saga Bogsveigis 335ff.

K1775. K1775. Bluff: insult repeated as harmless remark. The trickster makes an insulting remark, but when called on to repeat what he said he changes it so as to turn aside wrath. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 130; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 12 No. 1, (Benga): Nassau 153ff. No. 19, (Yoruba): Ellis 266, (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 88, 151, (Kaffir): Theal 165, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 384 No. 10, 395 No. 18; West Indies: Flowers 545. Cf. Chaucer Nun‘s Priest’s Tale lines 343ff.

K1776. K1776. Boast where the master cannot hear. The servant boasts that he has scolded his master. Type 2404.

K1777. K1777. When he is looked at too threateningly hero feigns failing ability to go on horseback. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1781. K1781. Threat to build a church in hell. When the man makes this threat, he is let out of hell. Type 804*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 811A*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 804*; Russian: Andrejev No. 804*.

K1782. K1782. Bluff: wealth gained by seeming to be in the king’s confidence. Courtier asks the king for a reward that will cost nothing. He gets permission to listen to the king‘s devotions. He now receives bribes because of his apparent influence. *Penzer V 186 n. 1; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 127 No. 110, Morlini 266 No. 4; Clouston Tales II 360ff.; *Herbert III 421 No. 82; Scala Celi 136b No. 762.

K1783. K1783. Shoemaker offers to trim the peasant’s feet to fit the shoes. The peasant prefers to accept the ill-fitting shoes. *Bolte Frey 217.

K1784. K1784. Herdsman threatens invasion with enormous herds: bought off. He hires himself as herdsman of all his master’s flocks for ten years. He then sends notice to surrounding peoples that he is coming with his master‘s flocks to graze. They bribe him to stay away. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 362.

K1784.1. K1784.1. Trickster falsely reports impending invasion from his own people. Receives money to buy them off. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1784.2. K1784.2. Adventurer on otherworld island sees great hornless oxen guarded by giant: tries to frighten them. ”Why dost thou frighten the stilly calves?“ says the huge herdsman. ”Where are the dams of these calves?“ asks the adventurer. ”They are on the other side of yonder mountain,“ said he. So he went thence. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1785. K1785. Miracle must wait till one man is sacrificed. No one volunteers and it does not need to be performed. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 118 No. 99.

K1786. K1786. Bluff: the rare vintages. Host serves many rare vintages and gets a reputation for his wine cellar. But there is only a small jug of each vintage. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 837.

K1787. K1787. Man falsely claims to have killed elephant with his flat hand. Rewarded. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1788. K1788. Fox threatens to catch bird, who feeds him her young as appeasement. He threatens to push down tree or to fly. Type 56A; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1791. K1791. Sham duel in order to bring about recognition. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1792. K1792. Feigned ignorance about person‘s identity in order to tell one’s frank opinion of him. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1792.1. K1792.1. Feigned ignorance of person‘s identity in order not to reveal king. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1792.2. K1792.2. Feigned ignorance about the whereabouts of hero’s weapons and horse in order to keep him as monk. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1795. K1795. Illiterate man pretends to be weeping because he cannot make others understand the book he is reading. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1796. K1796. Woman frightens robber away by telling him parrot‘s cry is husband’s voice. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 70.

K1800--K1899.

K1800--K1899. Deception by disguise or illusion.

K1800. K1800. Deception by disguise or illusion. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1810. K1810. Deception by disguise. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1810.1. K1810.1. Disguise by putting on clothes (carrying accoutrements) of certain person. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1810.1.1. K1810.1.1. Fool wears king’s crown. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1810.1.2. K1810.1.2. Lover disguised in slain enemy‘s clothes. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1810.1.3. K1810.1.3. Taking king’s place by changing dresses. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 252.

K1810.2. K1810.2. Dog procures disguise from magician to frighten tiger. Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 11.

K1810.3. K1810.3. Lover disguised as other knight in order to reach sweetheart. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1811. K1811. Gods (saints) in disguise visit mortals. *Types 330A, 750A, 751, 752A, 753, 768, 785, 791; *BP II 210, III 198, 451; *Dh II 129; *Rohde Der Griechische Roman 451 n.; Fb ”Sankt Peder“ III 164a; United States (Mormon): **Lee, Hector, ”The Three Nephites: the Substance and Significance of the Legend in Folklore“ (Albuquerque, 1949), ”The Three Nephites: a Disappearing Legend“ Am. Notes and Queries II 35--38, Hand, ”The Three Nephites“ Am. Notes and Queries II 56--57, Fife, ”The Legend of the Three Nephites among the Mormons“ JAFL LIII 1--49; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 22, Beal XXI 307, *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 80, *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”Pierre“; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 200, Grote I 36, 63, 88, 103, 160; Jewish: *Neuman, *bin Gorion Born Judas I 176f., 374; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Tawney I 370; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 19, 318, 473, 477, 648, 840, II 471, 504, 519, 572, 602, 1079, 1182, 1258, 1353, 1366; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 1f., 169; Japanese: Ikeda; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 69; S. A. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 316, (Chamacoso): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 28, (Huaroichiri): ibid. 158; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 177; West Indies: Flowers 545.

K1811.0.1. K1811.0.1. Mortal entertained by disguised god. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1811.0.2. K1811.0.2. Goddess in disguise visits earth and is waylaid by thieves. They set her free after she promises to tell them the fate of the new-born prince. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1811.1. K1811.1. Gods (spirits) disguised as beggars. Test hospitality. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 770*, 930A*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1811.2. K1811.2. Deity disguised as old man (woman) visits mortals. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 776; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1811.3. K1811.3. God disguised as doctor cures mortal. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1811.4. K1811.4. Deity takes form of particular person to visit mortals. Greek: Iliad and Odyssey passim.

K1811.4.1. K1811.4.1. Fate takes form of Brahmin’s pupil in order to lure him to his prophesied death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1811.4.2. K1811.4.2. Angel takes form of certain person. Jewish: *Neuman.

K1811.5. K1811.5. Deity takes form of animal to visit mortals. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1812. K1812. King in disguise. *Chauvin VI 45 No. 209; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 95.

K1812.0.1. K1812.0.1. King disguised beaten by his own men. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1812.1. K1812.1. Incognito king helped by humble man. Gives reward. Type 952; *BP III 450; Child V 67; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1812.1.1. K1812.1.1. Incognito king is asked by humble man to aid him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.2. K1812.2. Incognito king joins robbers. *Type 951; *BP III 393, 450; Penzer II 184f. n., VII 215ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

K1812.2.1. K1812.2.1. Incognito king joins robbers: to take only six shillings. The robber tells him that he must take no more, since the king has so many robbers. Type 951A.

K1812.2.2. K1812.2.2. Incognito prince joins gamblers. He is beaten for showing courtesy. Realizes his folly and returns home. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.3. K1812.3. Prince disguises as another prince to woo princess. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1812.4. K1812.4. Incognito king is given hospitality by fisherman. Rewards him with a city. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.5. K1812.5. Incognito king in victor‘s court. Asks forgiveness. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.6. K1812.6. Ruler disguises as goblin to frighten uxorious priest. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.7. K1812.7. King disguises as common soldier and is killed. Fulfills prophecy that insures victory. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.8. K1812.8. Incognito queen (princess). India: Thompson-Balys.

K1812.8.1. K1812.8.1. Queen flees husband’s persecution disguised as knight. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.8.2. K1812.8.2. Incognito princess travels as bishop (monk). Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1812.8.3. K1812.8.3. Disguised queen visits her husband and begets child with him as assigned. (Cf. H1187.) Kцhler-Bolte II 647ff.; Liungman Tvе Folkminnesundersцkningar 25 n. 1.

K1812.9. K1812.9. Incognito king rewards farmer for gift. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.10. K1812.10. King disguised as peasant flees battle. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.11. K1812.11. Incognito prince (king) sold into slavery. Disguised as sailor. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1812.12. K1812.12. Incognito king comes to the aid of an enemy who has refused to vilify him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.13. K1812.13. Incognito king rewards strangers who treat him as companion. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.14. K1812.14. Lecherous prince disguises as merchant in order to kill his grand-children. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.14.1. K1812.14.1. King in disguise of merchant is given hospitality by enemy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.15. K1812.15. King disguised as own messenger. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.16. K1812.16. King disguised as mountaineer. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1812.17. K1812.17. King in disguise to spy out his kingdom. Chauvin VI 45 No. 209; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 6.

K1812.18. K1812.18. Fallen king in disguise recognized by former ally and helped. Irish myth: Cross.

K1812.19. K1812.19. King in disguise as one of his own men rescued in fighting alone against four. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1812.20. K1812.20. Count in disguise. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1813. K1813. Disguised husband visits his wife. English: Wells 17 (Guy of Warwick); Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1813.1. K1813.1. Disguised husband wins his faithless wife’s love. Hindu: Tawney II 97; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 116.

K1813.1.1. K1813.1.1. Disguised husband shows his wife that he is not repulsive, as she thinks him. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1813.1.2. K1813.1.2. Disguised husband shows his wife that he is not a good-for-nothing as she thinks him. Chinese: Graham.

K1813.2. K1813.2. Disguised husband spies on his faithless wife. Icelandic: Hervarar saga 45--46, 122--23, Boberg.

K1814. K1814. Woman in disguise wooed by her faithless husband. *Bйdier Fabliaux 448; *BP IV 254 n. 1, Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 6, *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1814.1. K1814.1. Prince disguised as merchant seduces a queen. (Cf. K1349.3.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1814.2. K1814.2. Wife substitutes for princess, who has been jailed with husband. Before judge says: ”What harm is there in a man being with his own wife?“ India: Thompson-Balys.

K1814.3. K1814.3. Wife disguised as fakir makes her husband, the king, fulfill her will. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1814.4. K1814.4. Husband twits wife regarding ”bought kiss“; she makes him buy one from her by disguising herself. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1815. K1815. Humble disguise. (Cap o‘ Rushes, Peau d’вne Allerleirauh.) Usually in rough clothing. (Cf. K521.4.3, K1812, K1816.) Type 510B; BP II 45ff.; **Cox passim; Cosquin Etudes 4f.; Icelandic: Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 9 (King Horn); Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 226 n. 2; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Ojibwa): Laidlaw Ontario Archeological Report (1918) 36 No. 111, (California): Gayton and Newman 95.

K1815.0.1. K1815.0.1. Disguise with hood dropping low over the face. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 43 (Odin), *Boberg.

K1815.1. K1815.1. Return home in humble disguise. *Type 935.

K1815.1.1. K1815.1.1. Pious pilgrim dies unknown in his father‘s house. (Miraculous manifestations.) BP III 461 (Grimm No. 204).

K1815.2. K1815.2. Ugly disguise. India: *Thompson-Balys; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 254.

K1816. K1816. Disguise as menial. *Types 314, 870; Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 7, IV No. 10; Arabian: Burton Arabian Nights S II 203; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 21.

K1816.0.1. K1816.0.1. God disguised as menial. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 85; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 390 n. 1.

K1816.0.2. K1816.0.2. Girl in menial disguise at lover’s court. *Types 511, 870; *Cox passim; *BP III 60, 443; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 120--124, Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 3, *Rotunda.

K1816.0.3. K1816.0.3. Menial disguise of princess‘s lover. *Types 301, 314, 900; *BP I 446; Child V 109ff., 116ff., 305a; Wells 14 (The Lay of Havelok) 19 (Sir Beves of Hamtoun), 147 (Ipomadon); Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/10, 221, 343).

K1816.0.3.1. K1816.0.3.1. Hero in menial disguise at heroine’s wedding. Types 300, 301, 303; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 94. See nearly all references to N681.

K1816.0.4. K1816.0.4. Scholar disguised as a rustic along road answers questions of school inspector in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. England, Scotland, Wales: *Baughman.

K1816.1. K1816.1. Gardener disguise. *Types 314, 502, 900; *BP I 446.

K1816.2. K1816.2. Pope disguised as caulker. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”calfat“.

K1816.3. K1816.3. Disguise as woodcutter. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”casseur“.

K1816.4. K1816.4. Disguise as potter. *Kittredge Witchcraft 394 n. 109.

K1816.5. K1816.5. Disguise as goose-girl (turkey-girl). *Type 533; *BP II 273ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 347; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”gardeuse“, ”dindons“.

K1816.5.1. K1816.5.1. Disguise as tender of birds. Africa (Western Sudan): Equilbecq I 227ff. No. 7, (Madagascar): Renel I 144ff. No. 26, I 148ff. No. 27.

K1816.6. K1816.6. Disguise as herdsman (shepherd, swineherd, etc.) DeVries FFC LXXIII 324; Schoepperle II 583 s.v. ”disguises“; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

K1816.7. K1816.7. Disguise as porter. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1816.8. K1816.8. Disguise as stable-boy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1816.9. K1816.9. Disguise as peasant.

K1816.9.1. K1816.9.1. Wise men disguise as peasants. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1816.10. K1816.10. Disguise as cobbler (shoemaker).

K1816.10.1. K1816.10.1. Nobleman disguises as cobbler to woo woodcutter‘s daughter. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1816.11. K1816.11. Disguise as carpenter. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

K1816.12. K1816.12. Disguise as smith. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1816.13. K1816.13. Disguise as slave. Greek: Odyssey IV 245; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 133.

K1817. K1817. Disguise as wanderer. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1817.1. K1817.1. Disguise as beggar (pauper). *Type 900; *BP I 443ff.; Schoepperle II 583 s.v. ”disguises“; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 250b; Child I 189, 191f., 202--207, III 157, 179, 191ff., 271ff., V 2ff., 279f. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 24, 42, 45, Beal XXI 307, 315f., *Cross; English: Wells 11 (Horn Childe and Maiden Rimnild); Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 133--135, III No. 192, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 145, 210; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 299 n. 3; Jewish: *Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights I 67; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 249 No. 193; Korean: Zong in-Sob 116 No. 58; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 393.

K1817.1.1. K1817.1.1. Disguise as fakir. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1817.2. K1817.2. Disguise as palmer (pilgrim). Thien Motive 16; *Boje XIX 70f.; English: Wells 9 (King Horn); Icelandic: FSS 230--32, 252, Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1817.3. K1817.3. Disguise as harper (minstrel). *Type 900; *BP I 446; *Boje XIX 70f., Thien Motive 16; *Hibbard 93 n. 9; English: Wells 9 (King Horn); Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1817.3.1. K1817.3.1. Disguise as poet. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1817.4. K1817.4. Disguise as merchant. Schoepperle II 583 s.v. ”disguises“; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 142--145; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman.

K1817.4.1. K1817.4.1. Disguise as peddler. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1817.4.1.1. K1817.4.1.1. Queen disguised as peddler. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1817.4.1.1.1. K1817.4.1.1.1. Queen disguised as peddler sells children poisoned cheese. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1817.5. K1817.5. Disguise as gypsy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1818. K1818. Disguise as sick man. *Type 3; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights S V 285; Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 546.

K1818.1. K1818.1. Disguise as leper. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 143 (Generydes); Tonga: Gifford 193.

K1818.2. K1818.2. Scald-head disguise. To avoid having his gold hair seen, the hero covers his head with a cloth and says that he has the scaldhead. *Types 314, 502; *BP III 109; *Chauvin VI 51 No. 217 n. 3; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K1818.3. K1818.3. Disguise as madman (fool). *Type 900; *BP I 446; Schoepperle II 583 s.v. ”disguises“; *Liebrecht 141ff.; *Hibbard 227; Malone PMLA XLIII 400; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 176 n. 2; Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1818.3.1. K1818.3.1. Wise man disguised as buffoon. Irish myth: Cross.

K1818.3.2. K1818.3.2. Lover approaches mistress disguised as fool. Irish myth: Cross.

K1818.3.3. K1818.3.3. Sharp man pretends to be stupid so as to be included in plans and conversation of plotters. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1818.4. K1818.4. Disguise as deformed men to secure entertainment. Japanese: Anesaki 361.

K1818.5. K1818.5. Animal feigns lameness. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1818.6. K1818.6. Deception by pretended faint. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1821. K1821. Disguise by changing bodily appearance. Missouri French: Carriиre.

K1821.1. K1821.1. Disguise by dyeing beard. Youths have been advised never to serve a man with a red beard. The trickster dyes his beard black. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400B*.

K1821.2. K1821.2. Disguise by painting body. Boje XIX 67ff.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 443; Africa (Mambettu): Casati Ten Years in Equatoria (London, 1891) I 162.

K1821.3. K1821.3. Disguise by veiling face.

K1821.3.1. K1821.3.1. Veiled adulteress flees with paramour who has enlisted duped husband‘s aid. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1821.4. K1821.4. Youths wear false beards (of grass, wool). Irish myth: *Cross.

K1821.4.1. K1821.4.1. Disguise as hairy man by putting on lambskins. Jewish: Neuman.

K1821.5. K1821.5. Disguise by dyeing complexion. Irish myth: Cross.

K1821.6. K1821.6. Disguise by cutting one eye out. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1821.7. K1821.7. Beautiful woman in hideous disguise. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1821.7.1. K1821.7.1. Beautiful woman blackens face as disguise. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1821.2. K1821.2. Disguise by painting body.

K1821.8. K1821.8. Disguise as old man. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Marquesas: Handy 127; Maori: Beckwith 250.

K1821.9. K1821.9. Disguise in wooden covering. *Type 510; *Cox Cinderella 1-121 passim.

K1816.0.2. K1816.0.2. Girl in menial disguise at lover‘s court.

K1821.9.1. K1821.9.1. Disguise in bark of birch. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1821.10. K1821.10. Disguise by cutting off hair. Jewish: Neuman.

K1822. K1822. Animal disguises as human being. (Cf. K1825.1.5.) India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 395 No. 18.

K1822.1. K1822.1. Lion disguised as monk. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1822.2. K1822.2. Fox disguised as scholar. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1822.3. K1822.3. Bad breath and forked tongue reveal identity of snake-king in guise of human. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1822.4. K1822.4. Tiger disguises as human being. Chinese: Graham.

K1823. K1823. Man disguises as animal.

K1823.1. K1823.1. Man disguises as tortoise. East Africa: Woodward FL XXXVI 182ff. No. 2.

K1823.2. K1823.2. Man disguised as elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1823.3. K1823.3. Man disguised as lamb. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1823.4. K1823.4. Man disguised as bear. Jewish: Neuman.

K1823.5. K1823.5. Satan disguised as deer. (Cf. K1811.) Jewish: Neuman.

K1824. K1824. Disguise as layman. Priest disguises as layman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1825. K1825. Disguise as professional man.

K1825.1. K1825.1. Disguise as doctor. Chinese: Werner 275.

K1825.1.1. K1825.1.1. Lover masks as doctor to reach sweetheart. Chauvin V 227f. No. 130; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1825.1.1.1. K1825.1.1.1. Girl disguised as doctor exposes queen’s paramour who is masquerading as woman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1825.1.2. K1825.1.2. Poor girl masks as doctor and is made court physician. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 68 No. 515*.

K1825.1.3. K1825.1.3. Trickster masks as doctor and punishes his cheaters. *Type 1538; *BP III 394 (5); *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 213 No. 437.

K1825.1.4. K1825.1.4. Girl masks as doctor to find departed lover. *Type 434; *Kцhler-Bolte I 335.

K1825.1.5. K1825.1.5. Animal disguised as doctor. (Cf. K1822.) Africa (Angola): Chatelain 190 No. 23.

K1825.1.6. K1825.1.6. Disguise as physician to poison enemies. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1825.2. K1825.2. Woman masks as lawyer (judge) and frees her husband. *Type 890; Icelandic: Boberg. Cf. Shakespeare‘s Merchant of Venice.

K1825.3. K1825.3. Disguise as barber. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1825.4. K1825.4. Disguise as hospitaller. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1825.5. K1825.5. Disguise as soldier. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

K1825.6. K1825.6. Disguise as dancer. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1825.7. K1825.7. Twelve men in disguise as carpenters are engaged to build hall for the king‘s wedding: they abduct the bride. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1825.8. K1825.8. Disguise as astrologer. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1826. K1826. Disguise as churchman (cleric). Irish myth: *Cross.

K1826.1. K1826.1. Disguise as monk. Schoepperle II 583 s.v. ”disguises“; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 192; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; West Indies: Flowers 546.

K1826.1.1. K1826.1.1. Lover disguised as monk or friar meets sweetheart. Heptameron No. 21.

K1826.2. K1826.2. Disguise as ascetic. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1826.3. K1826.3. Lover masks as anchorite to reach sweetheart. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1826.4. K1826.4. Disguise as missionary. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 135.

K1826.5. K1826.5. Disguise as priest. Korean: Zong in-Sob 212 No. 98.

K1826.5.1. K1826.5.1. Bishop disguised as priest. Irish myth: Cross.

K1827. K1827. Disguise as holy man.

K1827.0.1. K1827.0.1. Ogre disguised as holy man. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1827.0.2. K1827.0.2. Barber passes for a brahmin. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1827.1. K1827.1. Disguise as saint. Man beats wife for spending too much time at church. Wife has maids dress as her patron saints and when the husband repeats the beating she calls on them for help. The husband is beaten. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1827.2. K1827.2. Disguise as yogi. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1828. K1828. Disguise as deity (or spirit). Africa (Fang): Einstein 162, (Bambula): Einstein 165, (Wachaga): Gutmann 187, (Bangala): Weeks 113.

K1828.1. K1828.1. Disguise as angel. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1828.1.1. K1828.1.1. Woman disguised as angel of death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1828.2. K1828.2. Disguise as goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1831. K1831. Service under a false name. *Dickson 220f. nn. 13, 14; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1831.0.1. K1831.0.1. Disguise by changing name. Irish myth: Cross.

K1831.1. K1831.1. Shipwrecked men call themselves by false names. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1831.2. K1831.2. Service in disguise. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1831.2.1. K1831.2.1. Service in disguise in order to seduce king‘s daughter by putting love charm in her food. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1831.2.2. K1831.2.2. Lover in disguise as duke’s son takes service under king with his followers in order to abduct his sister. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1832. K1832. Disguise by changing voice. *Type 123; BP I 37; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman; Papua: Ker 31, 41; Mono-Alu: Wheeler No. 52; S. A. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 150, (Jivaro): ibid. 148; Africa (Fang): Tessman 109f.

K1833. K1833. Disguise as ghost. Fb ”sp[ц]gelse“ III 522b; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn IV (1896) 356ff., 215ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1834. K1834. Multiple disguise: one person disguising successively seems to be many. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Nyang): Ittman 62f.

K1835. K1835. Disguise for spying. (Cf. K1812.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K1836. K1836. Disguise of man in woman‘s dress. *Penzer I 83, V 148 n. 2, VIII 12--15; *Oertel JAOS XXVI 176, 306; *Torrey JAOS XXVI 296; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 148, MacCulloch Eddic 131, *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1836.1. K1836.1. Husband disguises as woman to spy on wife. (Cf. K1835.) Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1836.2. K1836.2. Boy disguises as woman to embarrass incontinent priest. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1836.3. K1836.3. Disguised man takes bride‘s place: deserts, leaving a she-goat in his place for the foolish bridegroom. (Cf. K1223.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1686*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1538 I*.

K1836.4. K1836.4. Disguise as a weeping woman to attract attention. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1837. K1837. Disguise of woman in man’s clothes. (Cf. K1825.) *Types 514, 880, 881, 882, 883A, 884, 890; *BP II 57f.; Penzer III 46f.; Boje XIX 70f.; Alphabet No. 318; Heptameron No. 31. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 58, 68, 104 Nos. 455, 515, *857; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III Nos. 3, 6, IV No. 6, *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 275; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 222.

K1837.1. K1837.1. Boasting coward exposed by wife who masks as highwayman and robs him. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 142 No. 1710.

K1837.2. K1837.2. Woman disguised as pilgrim engages lover in conversation and learns of his faithlessness. (Cf. K1817.2.) Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 26; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1837.3. K1837.3. Repentant nurse disguises as hermit. Spanish: Childers; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1837.4. K1837.4. Girl in man’s clothes avenges her father. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1837.5. K1837.5. Wife disguises as a man and outwits landlord of inn when he tries same trick he has played on her husband to get all of his goods, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1837.6. K1837.6. Disguise of woman as a soldier. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1837.7. K1837.7. Virgin living disguised as a man and unrecognized in a monastery becomes abbot (St. Eugenia). *Loomis White Magic 110f.; Irish myth: Cross.

K1837.8. K1837.8. Woman in male disguise made king. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1837.8.1. K1837.8.1. Woman in male disguise made minister. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1838. K1838. Disguise as devil. Priest disguises as devil and ”haunts“ neighbor‘s house. Buys it cheaply. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1838.1. K1838.1. Tricksters change man‘s furniture. He thinks it is the work of demons. He sells them his house cheaply. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1839. K1839. Other deceptions by disguise.

K1839.1. K1839.1. Wolf puts flour on his paw to disguise himself. *Type 333; *BP I 42; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”farine“; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 9 No. 3.

K1839.2. K1839.2. Girl marries lover who thought her dead. On reviving she changes her name and disguises her appearance. Eventually marries her former lover. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1839.3. K1839.3. Monkey dresses in dead mistress’s gown; frightens household. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1839.4. K1839.4. Jester disguises as prince. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1839.5. K1839.5. Friar disguises as soldier and steals from concubine. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1839.6. K1839.6. Warriors whitewash weapons thus disguising identity of one of their number who bears white-handled battle-axe. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1839.7. K1839.7. Disguise as foreign ambassador. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1839.8. K1839.8. Disguise by carrying false token. Irish myth: Cross.

K1839.9. K1839.9. Disguise as drunkard. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1839.10. K1839.10. Housemaid disguised as minister. Jewish: Neuman.

K1839.11. K1839.11. Disguise as older brother to obtain blessing. (Cf. K2211.) Jewish: Neuman.

K1839.12. K1839.12. Disguise as child (in cradle). Irish myth: Cross.

K1839.13. K1839.13. Husband disguised as wife‘s brother. Jewish: Neuman.

K1839.14. K1839.14. Husband and wife disguised as brother and sister. Icelandic: Lagerholm 110-14, Boberg.

K1839.15. K1839.15. Disguise as dupe’s daughter after having killed her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1840. K1840. Deception by substitution. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1841. K1841. The Virgin Mary substitutes for a mortal.

K1841.1. K1841.1. The nun who saw the world (Sister Beatrice). The Virgin takes the place of the nun in the nunnery while the latter is living a life of shame. *Type 770; **Watenphul Die Geschichte der Marienlegende von Beatrix der Kьstnerin (Neuwald, 1904); Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XV 129ff.; *Bolte ibid. XV 136; *Grцber Beitrдge zur romanischen und englischen Philologie, Festgabe fьr W. Fцrster 421ff.; Ward II 659 No. 27, 723 No. 35, Herbert ibid. III 342; Maeterlinck‘s S[oe]ur Beatrice; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 46 No. 39; Alphabet No. 468.

K1841.2. K1841.2. Virgin substitutes in tournament. A knight hears masses so long that he absents himself from a tournament. The Virgin takes his place. *Ward II 662 No. 5; *Loomis White Magic 123.

K1841.3. K1841.3. Virgin Mary substitutes for woman whom husband has pledged to the devil. Devil flees. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 132 No. 114; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 35; *Loomis White Magic 113; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1167*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 827*.

K1842. K1842. Living person acts as image of saint. Type 1827**; Anderson FFC XLII 359; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1730B*; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 42; West Indies: Flowers 546f.

K1842.1. K1842.1. Man acts as statue of saint in order to enter convent. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 145 No. 1787B*.

K1843. K1843. Wife deceives husband with substituted bedmate. Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1843.1. K1843.1. Bride has maid sleep in husband‘s bed to conceal pregnancy. *Types 870, 870A; *BP III 444; *Arfert Unterschobene Braut 34ff.; *Chauvin V 218 No. 128; Wesselski Mдrchen 46 No. 15; **Liungman En traditionsstudie цver sagan om prinsessan i jordkulan; **Liungman Tvе Folkminnesundersцkningar 1-40; *Fb ”Brangoene“ IV 60b; *Schoepperle I 206ff.; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 119, 345, *Neuman.

K1843.1.1. K1843.1.1. Wife sends mistress to her husband disguised as herself. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1843.2. K1843.2. Wife takes mistress’s place in husband‘s bed. Brings about reconciliation. *Penzer I 162; Boccaccio Decameron III No. 9 (Lee 101); Heptameron No. 8; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 9; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 183.

K1843.2.1. K1843.2.1. Wife takes mistress’s place in husband‘s bed: husband sends message of death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1843.2.2. K1843.2.2. Wife takes mistress’s place in bed but is deceived in turn. Husband had tired of the mistress and had previously substituted servant. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1843.2.3. K1843.2.3. Wife takes mistress‘s place in husband’s bed. The husband, unaware of the substitution, asks his friends to share his good fortune. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1843.2.4. K1843.2.4. Wife substitutes for her sodomist husband. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1843.3. K1843.3. Wife substitutes an old woman for herself in her husband’s bed. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1843.4. K1843.4. Wife has maidservant impersonate her while she goes to her lover. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 35; B[ц]dker Exempler 280 No. 24; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1844. K1844. Husband deceives wife with substituted bedmate.

K1844.1. K1844.1. Husband has his strong servant substitute in bed with strong wife. The supernaturally strong wife is about to kill her husband. *Type 519; Icelandic: Boberg.

K1844.1.1. K1844.1.1. Husband has servant substitute in bed. Instructed not to deceive him while he is calling on mistress. Instructions are not followed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1844.2. K1844.2. Substitute bridegroom to save husband from poison maiden. *Type 507C; Huet 56; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1844.3. K1844.3. Groom deceives bride with substituted bedmate and hides self in order to learn the secret she has promised to tell. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1844.4. K1844.4. Fairy visits queen in her husband’s shape and begets son with her. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 319--20, Boberg.

K1845. K1845. Substitute in battle. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 65 (Cuchulainn), *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; N. A. Indian (Mandan): Will JAFL XXIX 402; West Indies: Flowers 547.

K1845.1. K1845.1. Warrior deceived into attacking substituted pillar-stone. Stone bears enemy‘s dress (crown). Irish myth: *Cross.

K1845.2. K1845.2. King, fearing death at hands of enemy, forces follower to take his place on throne. Follower is killed. Irish myth: Cross.

K1846. K1846. Deception by substitution: wife substitutes calf for beggar whom drunken husband wants to catch and abuse. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1847. K1847. Deception by substitution of children.

K1847.1. K1847.1. Substitution of children to gain inheritance. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1847.1.1. K1847.1.1. Deceptive report of birth of heir. Queen tells king anxious for an heir that she is to give birth to a son, but that ill will befall the son if king looks upon him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1848. K1848. Substitute for task. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1848.1. K1848.1. Impotent husband deceives wife by having a substitute in virility test. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1848.2. K1848.2. Ruler has favorite perform tasks so that he may himself win a bride. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1848.3. K1848.3. Substitute on quest. Irish myth: Cross.

K1851. K1851. Substituted letter. A letter is changed on the way to its destination so as to falsify the message. See references to all the cross-references given below. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1851.1. K1851.1. Forged letter: god of death replaced by another. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1852. K1852. Sleeping potion substituted for poison. (Cf. K2111.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1853. K1853. Substitute sacrifice.

K1853.1. K1853.1. Inferior animals substituted in sacrifice. Jewish: *Neuman.

K1853.2. K1853.2. Person substitutes for human sacrifice.

K1853.2.1. K1853.2.1. Hero substitutes for princess as gift to monster. Kills him. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 345.

K1854. K1854. Servant impersonates dead master and makes a false testament. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1854.1. K1854.1. Rascal in dead man‘s place in bed makes dead man’s will. Wesselski Theorie 14.

K1855. K1855. Younger and preferred brother substituted by mother for elder to deceive father. Jewish: *Neuman.

K1858. K1858. Substitute specimen for laboratory test.

K1858.1. K1858.1. Substitute specimen in urinalysis. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1858.2. K1858.2. Substitute specimen in blood test. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1860. K1860. Deception by feigned death (sleep). India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1861. K1861. Death feigned in order to be carried. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 35; Africa (Bayaka): Johnson Grenfell 823.

K1861.1. K1861.1. Hero sewed up in animal hide so as to be carried to height by bird. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 61; BP III 412 n. 1, IV 171; Basset Contes Berbиres No. 13; Turkish: Giese Tьrkische Mдrchen 131; Africa (Swahili): Steere 351.

K1862. K1862. Death feigned to meet lover. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1863. K1863. Death feigned to learn how soldiers are resuscitated. Icelandic: Boberg; Irish myth: Cross.

K1864. K1864. False tidings of one‘s own death in order to be able to leave without notice. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1864.1. K1864.1. False tidings of another’s death in order to secure his bride. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1865. K1865. Death feigned to establish reputation of false relic. False resuscitation. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1866. K1866. Death feigned in order to enter land of dead. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 147.

K1867. K1867. Trickster shams death to get food.

K1867.1. K1867.1. Trickster feigns death and eats the ripe fruit from the tree. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 80 No. 39.

K1867.2. K1867.2. Trickster shams death and eats grave offerings. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109d.

K1868. K1868. Deception by pretending sleep. Malone PMLA XLIII 406; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 382.

K1870. K1870. Illusions. *BP III 201ff.; *Hibbard 205 n. 9; Irish myth: *Cross.

K1871. K1871. Deception by legerdemain. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 60, *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1871.1. K1871.1. Deception: climbing silk thread tossed upward in air. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 60, *Cross.

K1871.2. K1871.2. Sham cure by pretended extracting of object from patient’s body. *Kittredge Witchcraft 455 n. 77.

K1872. K1872. Camouflage.

K1872.1. K1872.1. Army appears like forest. Surprises enemy. Each soldier carries branches. (Birnam wood comes to Dunsinane.) *Fb ”skov“ III 300a; Shakespeare‘s Macbeth; Rohde Der griechische Roman 485; Grimm Kleinere Schriften V 43; Herrmann Saxo II 341, 498; Kurth Histoire poetique des Merovingiens 396ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

K1872.2. K1872.2. Reeds make ships appear like island. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1872.3. K1872.3. Love letter hidden in apple. Icelandic: Boberg

K1872.4. K1872.4. Wound masked by other wound in order not to be recognized. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1872.5. K1872.5. Banners of army appear like flock of many-colored birds. Irish myth: Cross.

K1872.5.1. K1872.5.1. Clods thrown up by hoofs of horses appear like flock of birds. Irish myth: Cross.

K1875. K1875. Deception by sham blood. By stabbing bag of blood (or otherwise) trickster makes dupe think that he is bleeding. *Types 3, 1535, 1539; *BP II 1ff., 10ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 287; West Indies: Flowers 547.

K1881. K1881. Absent person seems to be present. Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 246 s.v. ”Doppelgдnger“; Icelandic: FSS 38, Boberg; Irish: Plummer clxix, *Cross; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1900) 3ff.

K1883. K1883. Illusory enemies.

K1883.1. K1883.1. Phantom army attacked. Irish: Plummer clxix, MacCulloch Celtic 155 (Cuchulainn), *Cross.

K1883.2. K1883.2. Objects (animals) attacked under the illusion that they are men. Irish: *Cross, Plummer clxix; Icelandic: *Krappe Йtudes 131, *Boberg; Maori: Beckwith Myth 398. Cf. Sophocles‘s Ajax, Cervantes’ Don Quixote.

K1883.3. K1883.3. Two soldiers slay each other thinking they are slaying a common enemy. Irish: Plummer clxix, *Cross.

K1883.4. K1883.4. Slayers magically made to believe stone their enemy. They behead it. Irish myth: Cross.

K1883.5. K1883.5. Comrade slain under the illusion that he is an enemy. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1883.6. K1883.6. Invisible man eats bread and boy and girl quarrel. Each thinks other had eaten bread. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1883.7. K1883.7. Deception: mirror-reflection convinces dupe he is trickster‘s captive. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1883.8. K1883.8. Images set up to resemble watchmen. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 409.

K1883.9. K1883.9. Hero wears so many different costumes that he is believed to represent a host. Maori: Beckwith Myth 398.

K1884. K1884. Illusion of death. Irish myth: Cross.

K1885. K1885. Dead made to appear alive. Irish myth: Cross.

K1885.1. K1885.1. Lighted sponge in mouth of dead causes illusory breathing. Irish myth: Cross.

K1886. K1886. Illusions in landscape. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1886.1. K1886.1. Mirage. Illusory water and land. Hindu: Tawney I 260.

K1886.1.1. K1886.1.1. Following luminous tree in the desert. *Chauvin V 234 No. 134 n. 2.

K1886.2. K1886.2. Mists which lead astray. Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”brume“.

K1886.2.1. K1886.2.1. Enemies magically caused to lose sight of each other while hunting. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1886.3. K1886.3. Mock sunrise. Contract is to be fulfilled at dawn. Wolf makes fire as mock sunrise. Is caught. Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV(1) 6 n. 1.

K1886.3.1. K1886.3.1. Mock sunrise: person causes cock to crow (simulates cock crow). Marquesas: Handy 32, 109; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 516; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1146, T-G. 1/78); Tahiti: Henry 589; Tonga: Gifford 90, 144.

K1886.3.2. K1886.3.2. Mock sunrise: dupe made to believe that flaunted bare buttocks are the rising sun. Tonga: Gifford 87--88.

K1886.3.3. K1886.3.3. Mock sunrise causes supernaturals (thieves) to drop burdens and flee. (Cf. F420.3.4.2.) Tahiti: Henry 589; Tonga: Gifford 88ff.

K1886.4. K1886.4. Travelers mistake brushwood at a distance for a ship. Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 411), 123 (ST 323); Halm Aesop No. 310.

K1886.5. K1886.5. Companions separated by illusory city. Irish myth: Cross.

K1886.6. K1886.6. Illusory shapes of animals made to appear on hilltops. Irish myth: Cross.

K1886.7. K1886.7. Illusory mountain (hill). Irish myth: *Cross.

K1886.7.1. K1886.7.1. Tuatha Dй Danann cause island to appear to be ”hog’s back“. Irish myth: Cross.

K1887. K1887. Illusory sounds.

K1887.1. K1887.1. Echo answers. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 172; Greek: Pauly-Wissowa s.v. ”Echo“; Chinese: Graham.

K1887.2. K1887.2. Deceptive nocturnal noise. Wood-spirits imitate falling of trees, etc. Slavic, Hindu: Mбchal 265.

K1887.3. K1887.3. Fairies cause sound to appear to come from various directions. Irish myth: Cross.

K1887.3.1. K1887.3.1. (Saint‘s) bell heard but never found. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1888. K1888. Illusory light.

K1889. K1889. Other illusions. U.S.: Baughman.

K1889.1. K1889.1. House seems to be afire. (Cf. K1886.) Irish: Plummer clxix, *Cross.

K1889.2. K1889.2. Deceptive cure by illusion. Man told that he can be cured only with blood of his own child. He is made to believe that the child is killed. When he learns that the child is still alive, the excess of joy cures him. *Chauvin VIII 133 No. 126.

K1889.3. K1889.3. False Paradise. (The Old Man of the Mountain.) Potion is given to dupes who are led into what they believe is Paradise. They are then forced to rob and kill to regain admittance through death. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1889.4. K1889.4. Injurious food (drink) has delusive sweet taste. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1889.5. K1889.5. Illusory night (darkness). Irish myth: Cross.

K1889.6. K1889.6. Palace appears to be floating on water--actually glass. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1890. K1890. Other deceptions by disguise or illusion.

K1892. K1892. Deception by hiding. Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K1892.1. K1892.1. Trickster hides in bag in order to be carried. His father imitates and is beaten. Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 34 No. 15, DeVries‘s list No. 294.

K1892.1.1. K1892.1.1. Trickster hides in box in order to be carried. Africa (Western Sudan): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 145ff. No. 81.

K1892.1.2. K1892.1.2. Trickster hides in basket and is carried. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1892.2. K1892.2. Girl hides lover under clothing upon which she sits. Irish myth: Cross.

K1894. K1894. False proof: cloak dipped into water used as evidence of stormy weather. Irish myth: Cross.

K1900-K1999.

K1900-K1999. Impostures.

K1900. K1900. Impostures.

K1910. K1910. Marital impostors.

K1911. K1911. The false bride (substituted bride). An impostor takes the wife‘s place without the husband’s knowledge and banishes (kills, transforms) the wife. *Types 403, 408, 425, 450, 480, 510, 511, 533; Tegethoff 20; *BP I 79ff.; *Huet RTP XXII 1ff.; **Arfert Das Motiv von der unterschobenen Braut (Rostock, 1897); *M. Potanine Vostotchnye Motivy v srednevekom evropeiskom Epose (Moscow, 1899--see RTP XXII 8 n. 2); *Godden FL IV 142, 143 n. 1; *Hepding Hessische Blдtter fur Volkskunde V 161; Cox 478, 501; *Cosquin Contes indiens 61ff.; Penzer VI 47 n. 1, 48, VIII 12ff., IX 55ff.; *Fb ”brud“ IV 64b.--French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 22, Sister Marie Ursule; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61, 82 Nos. 445B*, 708A*; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Int., III No. 10, V No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 47f.; Korean: Zong in-Sob 48 No. 28; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 177; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 nn. 262, 265; Africa: Werner African 230, (Zulu): Callaway 75, 85, (Kaffir): Theal 67, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 85ff.

K1911.1. K1911.1. Circumstances of substitution of false bride.

K1911.1.1. K1911.1.1. False bride takes true bride’s place on the way to the wedding. *Arfert Unterschobene Braut; *Type 533; **Liungman Tvе Folkminnesundersцkningar 41ff.; Cosquin Contes indiens 69ff.; BP II 273; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 113; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 403D*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 403D*; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 178; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 118, 303, 313, (Kaffir): Theal 134, 145f., (Thonga): Junod 231, (Fjort): Dennett 128; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 266 No. 74.

K1911.1.2. K1911.1.2. False bride takes true bride’s place when child is born. *Types 403, 450, 480; *BP I 79ff., 99ff., II 284 n. 2; *Arfert Unterschobene Braut; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 383ff.

K1911.1.3. K1911.1.3. False bride takes true bride‘s place at fountain. The true bride, left by her husband for a short time at a fountain, is supplanted by a moor or gypsy, who transforms her. *Type 408; *Arfert Unterschobene Braut; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 120f., Espinosa Jr. Nos. 106--110; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1911.1.4. K1911.1.4. False bride finishes true bride’s task and supplants her. The true bride must perform a certain task to win her husband and, being exhausted, commits the task to a slave. *Arfert Unterschobene Braut; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 446*; Russian: Andrejev No. 533B*; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Introduction; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 35, 43.

K1911.1.5. K1911.1.5. Old woman substituted for bride in bridegroom‘s bed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1911.1.5.1. K1911.1.5.1. Man palms off elder daughter as younger on wedding night. Jewish: Neuman.

K1911.1.6. K1911.1.6. She-bear as false bride. Compels true bride to exchange places. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.1.7. K1911.1.7. Ghost-ogress pushes bride into hole in tree and takes her place. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.1.8. K1911.1.8. False bride steals true bride‘s garments in bath. Africa (Hottentot): Karutz Des schwarzen Menschen Mдrchenweisheit (London, 1929) 140f. No. 27.

K1911.1.8.1. K1911.1.8.1. False bride makes child cry and demand mother’s clothes and ornaments. Chinese: Graham.

K1911.1.9. K1911.1.9. Prince substitutes peasant girl for the king‘s daughter he has got for his father but with whom he himself has fallen in love. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1911.1.10. K1911.1.10. Impostor kills fairy, hides body and dresses in fairy’s clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.2. K1911.2. Treacherous disposal of true bride by false. Missouri French: Carriиre.

K1911.2.1. K1911.2.1. True bride transformed by false. *Type 403, 450; *BP I 79ff., 99ff.; *Fb ”and“ IV 12b; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 120f., Espinosa Jr. Nos. 80, 106--110; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 383ff.; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 119.

K1911.2.2. K1911.2.2. True bride pushed into water by false. *Types 408, 450; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1911.2.2.1. K1911.2.2.1. True bride lives in fish‘s belly. *Type 450.

K1911.2.2.2. K1911.2.2.2. True bride sits spinning at the bottom of river. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.2.3. K1911.2.3. True bride’s children thrown away at birth (by false bride). India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3. K1911.3. Reinstatement of true bride. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3.1. K1911.3.1. Substitution of false bride revealed by animal. *Type 707; Kцhler-Bolte I 277; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 510, Espinosa II No. 113; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3.1.1. K1911.3.1.1. Substitution of false bride revealed by true bride in her animal form. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3.2. K1911.3.2. True bride takes house near husband. Thus eventually secures his attention. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 70, 74; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Int.; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3.3. K1911.3.3. False bride fails when husband tests her. Uses slipper test, jumping test, or the like. *Type 510; *Cox passim; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 22f.; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 122, 315, (Angola): Chatelain 43.

K1911.3.3.1. K1911.3.3.1. False bride‘s mutilated feet. In order to wear the shoes with which the husband is testing the identity of his bride, the false bride cuts her feet. She is detected. *Type 510; *Cox 1--79, 87--121 passim; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 111f., Espinosa Jr. No. 119; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3.3.2. K1911.3.3.2. False bride fails when magician tests her. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3.4. K1911.3.4. True bride reincarnated as reed reveals truth. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.3.5. K1911.3.5. True bride reinstated by acting as mysterious housekeeper. Africa (Hottentot): Karutz Des schwarzen Menschen Mдrchenweisheit (London, 1929) 140f. No. 27.

K1911.3.6. K1911.3.6. Snake adopts true bride thrown into well. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1911.4. K1911.4. Man in woman‘s clothing poses as bride for beggar. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1911.5. K1911.5. Penniless bride pretends to wealth. Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 120f.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1912. K1912. The false virgin. Various deceptions practiced to mask bride as virgin. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1914. K1914. Abductor pretends to have been sent to fetch princess by lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1915. K1915. The false bridegroom (substitute bridegroom). Takes the place of the true bridegroom. Penzer IX 55; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 189; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 181ff.

K1915.1. K1915.1. Monk becomes husband to girl at night, so that his friend may have dowry. Heptameron No. 56.

K1915.2. K1915.2. Through power of saint, man is caused to assume lover’s form and sleep with princess. Lover plots death of saint, but is accidentally slain in his place. Irish myth: Cross.

K1915.3. K1915.3. Handsome man substituted for ugly as bridegroom: wins bride. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1916. K1916. Robber bridegroom. Robber marries girl under pretence of being a fine gentleman. *Type 955; *BP I 370; *Fb ”r[ц]ver“ III 131b, 132a; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1917. K1917. Penniless bridegroom pretends to wealth. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1917.1. K1917.1. Penniless wooer: patch of land. After marriage he takes the bride to look at his land. He puts on soiled clothes. She looks at the land; he points to the patch on his clothes. ”That patch is mine.“ *BP II 203.

K1917.2. K1917.2. Penniless wooer: money in hand. An uncle gives the boy a coin and food to hold while he woos for him. He tells the girl‘s father that the boy has a piece of money in hand and plenty to eat. Wins the girl. *BP II 203.

K1917.3. K1917.3. Penniless wooer: helpful animal reports master wealthy and thus wins girl for him. *Type 545B; BP I 325, III 487; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1917.4. K1917.4. Penniless wooer. ”House of my father with one hundred fifty lights and goat pen.“ When the servant in bed so remarks the master marries his daughter to him. Arrived at the hut, he explains that the lights are the stars whose beams enter through the cracks in the roof. One goat is tied to the tree. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 104 No. 859*.

K1917.5. K1917.5. Man wins girl’s love by pretending to wealth and nobility. Deception is discovered and impostor is banished. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1917.6. K1917.6. Forged credentials used to win girl. Theft of gems. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1917.7. K1917.7. ”All of these are mine,“ says wooer as he strokes his whiskers. The girl thinks he is indicating the fields and live stock past which they are riding. U.S.: Baughman.

K1917.8. K1917.8. Slave poses as treasurer‘s son and carries letter purporting to ask for hand of merchant’s daughter in marriage. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 486.

K1918. K1918. Monster disguises and wins girl. Borrows wedding garments one by one; later returns them one by one and reveals monster form. Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 273 No. 85; West Indies: Flowers 548.

K1918.1. K1918.1. Ugly fish borrows skin of handsome fish for courtship and marriage. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 57f.

K1918.1.1. K1918.1.1. Ogre imposes on widow by assuming form of dead husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1919. K1919. Marital impostors--miscellaneous.

K1919.1. K1919.1. Husband poses as wife‘s brother. Jewish: *Neuman.

K1920. K1920. Substituted children.

K1921. K1921. Parents exchange children.

K1921.1. K1921.1. Son of the king and of the smith exchanged. *Type 920; *DeVries FFC LXXIII 40ff., 320ff.

K1921.2. K1921.2. Two mothers exchange their children, a boy and a girl. Type 975*; Irish myth: *Cross.

K1921.3. K1921.3. Queen changes her own ugly twins for slave’s pretty son. Later recognizes the better character of the twins, and changes back again. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1922. K1922. Woman substitutes child for her own and sells it. Exchanges sleeping places. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 46 n. 1.

K1923. K1923. The false heir.

K1923.1. K1923.1. Nurse exchanges children so that the preferred child will be assured of wealth. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1923.2. K1923.2. Man is made to believe that his married daughter has borne a child. In reality it is a foundling. When the supposed mother dies her father is about to forfeit dowry, when the child’s real parents claim him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1923.3. K1923.3. Barren woman pretends to bear child. Substitutes another woman‘s child. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 68; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 101.

K1923.4. K1923.4. Woman pretends to be mother of child chosen to be king. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1923.5. K1923.5. Midwife takes child and substitutes it for king’s stillborn child. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1923.6. K1923.6. Queen passes off girl-child as boy by having pandits say raja must not see his son for twelve years. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1924. K1924. Barren wife makes child by magic and claims it as her own. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1926. K1926. False daughter: accepted as one‘s resurrected child. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1930. K1930. Treacherous impostors.

K1931. K1931. Impostors abandon (or kill) their companion and usurp his place.

K1931.1. K1931.1. Impostors throw hero overboard into sea. *Type 506; **Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte; *BP III 490ff., 494; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 133--135; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 404ff.; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 284 No. 119.

K1931.1.1. K1931.1.1. Impostor tries to push foster brother into the water and then cuts rope so that he drifts alone out on the sea in boat without oars. Icelandic: *Boberg; Tonga: Gifford 128.

K1931.2. K1931.2. Impostors abandon hero in lower world. Usually let rope drop on which he is to be raised. *Type 301; *BP II 301; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400B*; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1931.3. K1931.3. Impostors kill hero. *Type 665; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K1931.4. K1931.4. Impostors throw hero into pit. *Types 550, 551; *BP I 503ff., II 394ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 143.

K1931.5. K1931.5. Impostors throw hero into prison. Type 301C*.

K1931.6. K1931.6. Impostor leaves hero alone on island. (Cf. S145.)

K1931.7. K1931.7. Impostor abandons hero on high hill. Pulls down rope on which he is to be lowered. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

K1932. K1932. Impostors claim reward (prize) earned by hero. *Types 300, 301, 303, 506, 550, 551, 667*; *BP I 528ff., III 490ff.; *Ranke FFC CXIV 213f., 236; Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte; *Parsons FL XXXII 194ff.; *Tille FFC XXXIV 370; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 183; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 278 Nos. 89, 90.

K1933. K1933. Impostor forces oath of secrecy. Hero or heroine swears not to tell of imposture. *Types 300, 301, 533; *BP II 273ff., 284 n. 1; Icelandic: Gцngu Hrуlfs saga (FAS III) 274ff.; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 139, 151, 157.

K1934. K1934. Impostor forces hero (heroine) to change places with him (her). *Types 408, 531, 533; *BP II 284 n. 1, III 18 n. 4.

K1934.1. K1934.1. Impostor (magician, demon) takes the place of the king. The ladies of the harem recognize the false king, and the true king is reinstated. *Krappe American Journal of Philology (1933) 260--268; Jewish: *Neuman.

K1935. K1935. Impostors steal rescued princess. *Types 300, 301, 303, 304*; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1935.1. K1935.1. Impostors exposed by girl at her wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1936. K1936. Impostor claims to be father of princess’s child. *Type 304.

K1937. K1937. Impostor impersonates dead count. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1938. K1938. Rascal pretends to be dead man‘s heir and receives money. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1941. K1941. Disguised flayer. An impostor dresses in the skin of his victim. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 185, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 624; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 351 n. 267; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 484; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 2 No. 1, 22 No. 2, 260 No. 38, (Kaffir): Theal 100.

K1941.1. K1941.1. Disguised flayer tightens skin to look beautiful. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 351 n. 267a.

K1942. K1942. Impostors tricked into carrying hero in box. Woman makes them think they will have her as reward. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1944. K1944. Impostor demands box in name of king. Jewish: *Neuman.

K1945. K1945. Imposition by sham sickness.

K1945.1. K1945.1. Person pretends sickness can be cured only with death (humiliation) of another.

K1945.1.1. K1945.1.1. Mother-in-law’s head is shaven, face blackened and she is led around city on ass-back as only cure for malady of daughter-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1950. K1950. Sham prowess.

K1951. K1951. Sham warrior. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1951.1. K1951.1. Boastful fly-killer: ”seven at a blow“. A tailor who has killed seven flies writes on a placard: ”Seven at a blow.“ He is received as a great warrior. *Type 1640; *BP I 148ff.; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 23; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 194f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 73 No. III; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 51; N. A Indian: *Thompson CColl II 430ff.

K1951.1.1. K1951.1.1. Boastful elephant killer: killed at one blow. Elephant has been poisoned. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1951.2. K1951.2. Runaway cavalry-hero. When the sham hero goes to war his horse runs away with him. To save himself he grasps a cross from a graveyard and waves it from side to side, putting the enemy to flight. *Type 1640; *BP I 148ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 430ff.

K1951.2.1. K1951.2.1. Runaway cavalry hero tears out limbs of dead trees. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1951.3. K1951.3. Sham-warrior intimidates soldiers with his boasting. *Type 1640; *BP I 148ff.

K1951.3.1. K1951.3.1. Sham-warrior boasts and is employed at palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1951.3.2. K1951.3.2. Tiger intimidated by boasting of the sham-warrior. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1951.4. K1951.4. Boastful coward frightened by conspirators. N. A. Indian (Cheyenne): Kroeber JAFL XIII 172. Cf. Falstaff in Shakespeare’s Henry IV part I.

K1951.5. K1951.5. Ordinary man assumes high sounding name and challenges enemy chief to single combat. Latter is frightened into believing him to be of exceptional prowess and desists from attacking the city. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1952. K1952. Sham prince (nobleman). Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1952.0.1. K1952.0.1. Brahmin takes shape of a prince. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1952.0.2. K1952.0.2. Servant takes prince‘s horse and clothes and passes self off as prince. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1952.1. K1952.1. Poor boy said by helpful cat to be dispossessed prince. This is believed. *Types 545AB; BP I 325ff., III 487; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1952.1.1. K1952.1.1. Poor boy said by helpful animal to be dispossessed prince (wealthy man) who has lost clothes while swimming (in shipwreck). Type 545; *BP III 487f.; India: Thompson-Balys; East Africa: Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens (Cairo, 1888) 55ff. No. 5, (Swahili): Steere 13ff.

K1952.2. K1952.2. Better things at home. A poor boy posing as a prince in the king’s court always says that he has better things at home. *Types 545AB; BP I 325ff., III 487.

K1952.3. K1952.3. Brothers pose as princes, deeming their parentage not worthy of their merit. Irish myth: *Cross.

K1952.4. K1952.4. Impostor claims to be earl‘s son in exile. Icelandic: Boberg.

K1952.4.1. K1952.4.1. Adventurer poses as son of dead king. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1952.5. K1952.5. Wooing emissary poses as king and suitor, but is refused. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K1952.6. K1952.6. Impostor appears with letter authorizing that he be set on the throne. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1952.7. K1952.7. Thieves set up poor weaver as prince and thus get possession of tribute and gifts. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1953. K1953. Sham brave man.

K1953.1. K1953.1. Coward boasts that he has frightened bear away. His wife has killed it and he has fled. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1954. K1954. Sham rich man. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1954.1. K1954.1. Helpful cat borrows measure for his master‘s money. The master thus gains a reputation for wealth. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 70 No. 545C*; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1954.2. K1954.2. Drunken man by pretending to want to buy an elephant makes king think him rich. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1955. K1955. Sham physician. Chauvin II 93 No. 39; BP III 369ff.; B[ц]dker Exempler 289 No. 42; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 126; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 271a; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 17.

K1955.1. K1955.1. Sham physician cures people by threatening them with death. *Bйdier Fabliaux 476; *Basset 1001 Contes I 382; *Crane Vitry 241 No. 254; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVI 89 n. 1; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.1.1. K1955.1.1. Man undertakes to cure fat abbot of stomach ailment. Starves him until he admits he can eat anything. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.1.2. K1955.1.2. Patients frightened from hospital by harsh treatment. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.2. K1955.2. Sham physician pretends to diagnose entirely from urinalysis. Really from observation and inference from trifles. *Chauvin VIII 106 No. 81; Pierre Faifeu No. 20; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 59; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles Nos. 20, 21.

K1955.2.1. K1955.2.1. Pepper as universal remedy of sham doctor: accidentally works. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1955.3. K1955.3. Sham physician predicts the sex of the unborn child. ”From one side it looks like a boy, from the other a girl.“ The woman bears twins and the husband pays the doctor. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 663; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.4. K1955.4. Sham physician: using the flea powder. Catch the flea, open its mouth, and place the powder inside. Pierre Faifeu No. 18; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 133 No. 1550A*; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.5. K1955.5. Sham physician: making the girl grow up. A king wants his daughter to grow up quickly. The physician says that he must send away for the medicine; meantime she must be shut up. After several years they show her to the king. She has grown. Clouston Noodles 102; *Penzer V 91 n. 1.

K1955.6. K1955.6. The sham physician and the devil in partnership. The devil is to enter the girl and the physician will collect reward for driving the devil out. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 51 No. 340*; India: *Thompson-Balys; Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 193 n. 1.

K1955.6.1. K1955.6.1. Cheat: demon kills people so his pupil can resuscitate them and get reward. Chinese: Graham.

K1955.7. K1955.7. Sham physician refuses to take his own medicine: unmasked. Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 482), 118 (ST 285).

K1955.8. K1955.8. Sham physician gives relative a medical degree. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.8.1. K1955.8.1. Ignorant youth buys a medical degree. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.9. K1955.9. Ignorant doctor draws his prescriptions by lot. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1955.9.1. K1955.9.1. Sham physician hands out prescriptions haphazard. Pierre Faifeu No. 20.

K1956. K1956. Sham wise man. *Type 1641; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 29ff., 40 Nos. 6, 7, 31.

K1956.1. K1956.1. Sham wise man gives a purgative and helps find a lost horse. His pills get the credit. *Type 1641; BP II 401ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 791; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 79; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1956.1.1. K1956.1.1. Sham wise man claims to find stolen goods by incantation. He has really forced thieves to show them to him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1956.2. K1956.2. Sham wise man hides something and is rewarded for finding it. *Type 1641; BP II 401ff., 413; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 302; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 284 No. 117.

K1956.2.1. K1956.2.1. Sham wise man sees jewel hidden and is rewarded for finding it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1956.3. K1956.3. Sham wise man declares who committed the theft: robbers. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 134 No. 1550B*, Espinosa II No. 55; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1956.4. K1956.4. Sham wise man does not know where his own house is. Unmasked. Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 484), 137 (ST 427); Halm Aesop No. 286.

K1956.5. K1956.5. Sham wise man stays alone feigning study. Is really killing flies. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 167.

K1956.6. K1956.6. Sham wise man (girl’s confederate) interprets pretended dream for girl. Insists she be allowed to marry man of her own choice. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1956.7. K1956.7. Sham wise man pretends knowledge from dream: really overheard conversation. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1956.8. K1956.8. Sham wise man burns house where he pretends to keep his marvelous books, and is free from being called again. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1956.9. K1956.9. Sham wise man accidentally predicts weather correctly. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1956.10. K1956.10. Boy, posing as magician, agitates purported all-knowing pig‘s head in front of his enemies, identifying them as dishonest men. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1958. K1958. Sham teacher. Pretends to read a document brought him as a letter. It is a tax receipt. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 282 No. 332.

K1961. K1961. Sham churchman.

K1961.1. K1961.1. Sham parson (priest). *Fb ”smedeprжst“; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1961.1.1. K1961.1.1. Peasant as priest preaches on the troubles of laymen. *Type 1825AB; *BP II 413.

K1961.1.2. K1961.1.2. Sham parson repeats same expression over and over or says a few words of Latin. *Type 1825B; *BP III 116.

K1961.1.2.1. K1961.1.2.1. Parody sermon. *BP III 116; Fb ”messe“ II 582a; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 182; Boccaccio Decameron VI No. 10 (Lee 179); *Wesselski Arlotto I 174ff. No. 3; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1835*; Prussian: Plenzat 77; Italian Novella: Rotunda; West Indies: Flowers 549.

K1961.1.3. K1961.1.3. Sham parson: the sawed pulpit. He has sawed the pulpit almost through. He predicts a miracle. The pulpit falls down. *Type 1825C; *BP II 413.

K1961.1.4. K1961.1.4. Sham priest dupes man into believing he can discover treasure. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1961.1.5. K1961.1.5. Sham holy man. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1961.1.5.1. K1961.1.5.1. Jackal as sham saint. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1961.2. K1961.2. Pretender as pope.

K1961.2.1. K1961.2.1. Woman in disguise becomes pope. (Pope Joan.) *J. J. I. von Dцllinger Die Papst-Fabeln des Mittelalters@2 (Stuttgart, 1890) 1--53; same translated by A. Plummer (London, 1871) 273--9; *M. le Comte d‘I*** (= Jules Gay) Bibliographie des ouvrages relatif’s а l‘amour@3 (Nice and London, 1872) V 419--23; Alphabet No. 601.

K1961.3. K1961.3. Devil disguised as monk. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 448.

K1961.4. K1961.4. Sham bishop. Irish myth: Cross.

K1961.5. K1961.5. Sham abbot. Irish myth: Cross.

K1962. K1962. False prophet. *Chauvin V 233 No. 132; Jewish: *Gaster Exempla 191 No. 28, *Neuman; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1962.1. K1962.1. Mohammed puts seed in his ears and when doves trained to feed there come, he tells people that they bring messages from God. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K1963. K1963. Sham magician. Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 189.

K1963.1. K1963.1. False magician exposed by clever girl. *BP III 202; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 51 No. 99; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 137 No. 103.

K1963.2. K1963.2. Sham magician promises to induce love by magic. Dupe is frightened (to death, robbed, or otherwise discomfited) by magician or confederate. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1963.3. K1963.3. Master posing as magician plays tricks on his servant. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1963.4. K1963.4. Sham magician belches fire to frighten dupes. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1963.5. K1963.5. Trickster impersonates necromancer to seduce latter’s wife. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1963.6. K1963.6. Sham magician makes wife believe that he (she) can be transported by demons. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1964. K1964. Sham astrologer. *Wesselski Gonnella 106 No. 9; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K1965. K1965. Sham crystal-gazer. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1966. K1966. Alchemist.

K1966.1. K1966.1. Alchemist steals money from corpse and claims he has made the silver. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1966.2. K1966.2. Alchemist secures payment for his ”secret“. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1967. K1967. Juggler promises to fly from one house to another. Keeps crowd waiting until dusk and then makes his escape. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1968. K1968. Sham prowess in hunting (fishing).

K1968.1. K1968.1. Bought game (fish) used to prove prowess in hunting (fishing). India: Thompson-Balys.

K1969. K1969. Sham prowess--miscellaneous.

K1969.1. K1969.1. Sham traveler. Boasts falsely of voyage and receives canoes which he appropriates. Marquesas: Handy 119.

K1969.2. K1969.2. Warrior buries oversized armor so as to convince posterity of soldiers’ gigantic size. Addison-Steele Spectator No. 127.

K1969.3. K1969.3. Servant poses as master.

K1969.3.1. K1969.3.1. Impostors: servant enters dead body of master and takes his place. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1969.4. K1969.4. Sham deity. Jewish: *Neuman.

K1969.4.1. K1969.4.1. Weaver poses as deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1970. K1970. Sham miracles.

K1971. K1971. Man behind statue (tree) speaks and pretends to be God (spirit). *Type 1380; von der Hagen II 141f. No. 29; Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIX 215; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 239; *Taylor MPh XV 227 n. 1; *BP III 120ff.; *Chauvin II 91 No. 34.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 659; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 272, Coster-Wijsman 25 Nos. 3, 4, 5; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 431, 437; West Indies: Flowers 549--552.

K1971.1. K1971.1. Husband answers behind the statue when wife wants to know how to fool him. He says to feed him well. *Type 1380; *Taylor MPh XV 227 n. 1; Stiefel Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 74ff.; Panchatantra III 18, (tr. Ryder) 370; Russian: Andrejev No. 1380; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1971.1.1. K1971.1.1. Trickster hides in hollow tree and eats food he has persuaded his wife to bring to feed a bird. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1971.2. K1971.2. Man behind the tree threatens his debtor. The latter thinks God is calling and repays the debt. Type 1575*; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 203 No. 403; Russian: Andrejev No. 1575*.

K1971.3. K1971.3. Boy behind the tree tells woman about the bad food he gets. She thinks God is speaking and gives him good food. Type 1575**.

K1971.3.1. K1971.3.1. Maid behind statue of Virgin advises the mistress to give the servants better food. Type 1388*; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1971.4. K1971.4. Husband behind saint‘s statue advises wife to spin. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 125 No. 1375*.

K1971.4.1. K1971.4.1. Wife behind tree advises husband against having his wife work. *Type 1405; BP III 44; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 148a nn. 381-391.

K1971.5. K1971.5. Husband as God behind the tree forces his wife to confess adultery. Type 1380*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1380A*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1380*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1380*; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 272.

K1971.5.1. K1971.5.1. Man as God behind the tree forces the girl to admit having an illegitimate child. Or prophesies himself as father so as to marry the girl. Type 1380**; Russian: Andrejev No. 1380**.

K1971.6. K1971.6. Girl behind the tree advises the unwilling suitor. Believing it to be the advice of angels, he marries her. Type 1461*.

K1971.6.1. K1971.6.1. Wife behind tree advises the husband about his marital duties. Von der Hagen II xv No. 29.

K1971.7. K1971.7. The man behind the crucifix says ”Good Evening“ to the drunk man, who thinks Christ is speaking to him. Type 1324*.

K1971.8. K1971.8. Hidden man behind image gives unwelcome answer to suppliant: image blamed. *Wesselski Arlotto I 193 No. 22.

K1971.8.1. K1971.8.1. Sexton behind crucifix tells old maid she will have no husband; she tells Christ Child that he knows nothing about it, she is praying to his mother. Type 1476; BP III 120.

K1971.9. K1971.9. Sexton behind statue tells old maid praying for a husband to raise her foot to her neck. *Type 1476; BP III 120.

K1971.10. K1971.10. Trickster concealed in sacred tree advises that he is to marry the princess. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: *Dixon 202 n. 39.

K1971.11. K1971.11. Trickster in tree advises that tree and fruit belong to him. Others think God speaks and leave. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 391 No. 16.

K1971.12. K1971.12. Impostor acting as God in tree suspected and tree burned. *Penzer V 59 n. 2; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 61, 277; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1971.13. K1971.13. Alleged idol promises teacher certain payment for his book when finished. Dupe overhears and pays him bargain price for what he is later to receive. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1971.14. K1971.14. Man hidden behind idol in temple tells robbers they will have good booty but should leave half of it in the temple. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1972. K1972. Oracular images occupied by spirits or priests who give the answers. *Dickson 192ff. nn. 69--73, 83; *Boje XIX 101.

K1972.1. K1972.1. Statue made to raise its arm. Woman wishing to go on pilgrimage (to meet lover) makes believe that statue of saint has raised its arm in answer to her prayer. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1972.2. K1972.2. Sham miracle. Priest makes congregation believe the painting of the Virgin weeps real tears. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1973. K1973. Jackal inside carcass of bullock makes people think his voice is God‘s. Demands gifts. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1974. K1974. Living man at the grave pretends to be dead man speaking. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1975. K1975. Sham miracle: may the grass grow up! Tricksters who have done no mowing say to their master when he angers them, ”May the grass grow up again!“ He finds it is full height. *Type 1736; Fb ”[ц]nske“ III 1178b.

K1975.1. K1975.1. Sham miracle: wallet (bee-hive) changes to wasps. Tricksters put a wasp nest in the wallet (bee-hive). When the master claims it they give it to him with the curse, ”May it turn to wasps!“ It does. *Type 1736; Fb ”bi“ IV 36b.

K1975.2. K1975.2. Sham miracle: rupees turn to ashes. Cheat tells man rupees carried by horse in sack will turn to ashes if man’s tired wife rides on its back. Man promises to pay him back if that should happen. Ashes fall from under saddle when woman does and cheat collects. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K1975.3. K1975.3. Sham miracle: may the food turn raw. Lazy wife takes uncooked food to husband in field. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1976. K1976. False miraculous relic. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K1976.1. K1976.1. Two friars take arm from corpse and allege it is a miracle-producing relic. One of the tricksters questions its powers in public. Feigns being struck dead. Feigned resurrection. Tricksters enriched as a result. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K1980. K1980. Other impostures. K2165. Sham blind man throws suspicion on real blind.

K1981. K1981. Deception by playing deaf and dumb.

K1981.1. K1981.1. Trickster feigns deafness and gets hospitality from miser. *Type 1544; *Aarne FFC XX 79 (type 24).

K1982. K1982. Ubiquitous beggar. In disguise obtains alms three times from the same person. Herbert III 282; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 210f.

K1983. K1983. Trickster poses as helper and eats women‘s stored provisions. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 303 n. 109c.

K1984. K1984. Girls keep up appearances to deceive suitors as to their desirability. Type 1459**; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 702; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1984.1. K1984.1. The lisping sisters. The girls have been warned against speaking, but forget and are found out. *Type 1457; *BP III 237; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. III 58, VII 320; Japanese: Ikeda.

K1984.2. K1984.2. The girl who ate so little. When the suitor sees her baking he finds that she can eat. *Type 1458.

K1984.2.1. K1984.2.1. Girl claims to have overeaten on a nightingale’s thigh. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 57.

K1984.3. K1984.3. The girl with the ugly name. Her mother gives her a new one but the girl does not recognize it and her mother must call her by her old name. *Type 1461; Herbert III 174 No. 87, 421 No. 83.

K1984.4. K1984.4. Ugly women complain of falling flowers. King hearing them supposes them delicate and beautiful. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 10.

K1984.5. K1984.5. Blind fiancйe betrays self. Mistakes one object for another. *Type 1456; BP III 237; *Fb ”bejler“ IV 31b.

K1985. K1985. Rearing the large-headed and large-eyed bird. When the one rearing the owl learns its age he kills it. Type 230.

K1986. K1986. Devil disguised as candidate for confirmation. Fb ”fanden“ I 266b.

K1987. K1987. Devil disguised as man goes to church. Dh. I 175; Nouvelles de Sens No. 5.

K1988. K1988. Brother (sister) secures blessing due to another. Jewish: Neuman.

K1988.1. K1988.1. Impostor: one sister borrows another‘s clothes and gets religious blessing in her place. India: Thompson-Balys.

K1991. K1991. Hare (jackal) makes horns of wax and poses as horned animal. Horns melt by the fire. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 380 No. 5, (Kaffir): Theal 188; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 353 No. 62; Antigua, West Indies: Johnson JAFL XXXIV 59; Bahamas: *Parsons MAFLS XIII 104; West Indies: Flowers 552--554.

K1992. K1992. Devil tries to pass for Jesus. Forbids man to cut wood on Sunday. Disappears when man demands to see the wounds on his hands and feet. Type 797*.

K1994. K1994. Wise man sent by king to rival to give him interested advice. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2000--K2099.

K2000--K2099. Hypocrites.

K2000. K2000. Hypocrites.

K2010. K2010. Hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2010.1. K2010.1. Man pretends friendship but attacks king to avenge violation of his wife. **A. H. Krappe The Legend of Roderick, the last of the Visigothic Kings and the Ermanarich Cycle (Heidelberg, 1923); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2010.2. K2010.2. Friendship feigned to avenge murder. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2010.3. K2010.3. Wolves sign false truce with sheep. After the dogs have been dismissed the wolves devour the sheep. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2011. K2011. Wolf poses as ”grandmother“ and kills child. (Red Riding Hood.) *Type 333; BP I 37, *42, 234; *Saintyves Perrault 215, 222; Missouri French: Carriиre; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 83.

K2011.1. K2011.1. Wolf poses as mother and kills child. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 62ff. No. 10.

K2011.1.1. K2011.1.1. Ogre father poses as mother and kills child. Africa (Rundi): Zuure L’Ame du Murundi (Paris, 1932) 340ff. No. E5, 345f. No. E7, (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 213ff. No. 13.

K2011.1.2. K2011.1.2. Bogey imitates mother and kills child. Africa (Kenya): Browne Vanishing Tribes of Kenya (London, 1926) 211ff.

K2011.1.3. K2011.1.3. Hyena poses as father and kills child. Africa (Larusa): Fokken ZsKS VII 95f. No. 5.

K2011.1.4. K2011.1.4. Leopard poses as brother and kills child. Africa (Ziba): Rehse ZsKS III 343f. No. 17.

K2011.2. K2011.2. Tiger-ogress pretends to be girls‘ mother: explains tail as boil. Chinese: Graham.

K2012. K2012. False friend causes man to eject his wife. He then seduces her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2013. K2013. Enemy invited for marriage with relative attacked. Irish myth: Cross.

K2013.1. K2013.1. Enemy invited to meeting and attacked. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2014. K2014. Women pretend to weep over warrior’s wounds while attempting to inflame them. Irish myth: Cross.

K2014.1. K2014.1. King has wounded ally attended by leeches, but bribes them to introduce beetles, awns of barley, etc. into the wounds. Irish myth: Cross.

K2015. K2015. Child adopted by rich man in order to get rid of him. *Type 930; **Aarne FFC XXIII 54.

K2021. K2021. Betrayal by a kiss. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2021.1. K2021.1. The bitten cheek. In payment of a debt, a woman permits a man to kiss her; he bites her cheek so that she has a permanent mark. *Chauvin V 98, 295.

K2021.2. K2021.2. Man pretends to kiss relative: bites him instead. Jewish: Neuman.

K2021.3. K2021.3. Man embraces other to see if he carries gold in his girdle. Jewish: Neuman.

K2022. K2022. Unsuccessful suitor pretends friendship with woman‘s husband. Kills him while on a hunt. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2023. K2023. Badgers treacherously slain in violation of pledge given by prince. Irish myth: Cross.

K2026. K2026. Crow accepts owl’s hospitality then burns owls to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2027. K2027. Fox confesses to cock, then eats him. Herbert III 44, 34.

K2030. K2030. Double dealers.

K2031. K2031. Dog alternately bites and caresses hares. Is he friend or enemy? Wienert FFC LVI *51 (ET 104), 96 (ST 88); Halm Aesop No. 229.

K2031.1. K2031.1. Dog at his master‘s table is friendly to guest. On the street he barks at him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2032. K2032. Magpie leads other magpies into his master’s net. Promises them that the master will teach them to speak. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 633.

K2033. K2033. Trickster makes basket for his partner tiger to carry meat, but does not sever bamboo from roots. Tiger left behind. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2034. K2034. Same reward promised to many helpers. Irish myth: Cross.

K2034.1. K2034.1. King‘s daughter secretly pledged to many to win their aid. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2035. K2035. Supernatural personages seen in dreams advise opposing kings how each can overcome the other. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2036. K2036. Helper steals object obtained at end of quest. Irish myth: Cross.

K2037. K2037. Jackal persuades deer to steal from farmer, then informs farmer who catches deer. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2041. K2041. Double dealing physician.

K2041.1. K2041.1. Double dealing physician hired to poison his master who has sent him to poison enemy. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2042. K2042. Crow gets to owls pretending crows have cast him out. Having learned secret retreats of owls, he returns to crows and leads them to victory over owls. B[ц]dker Exempler 293 No. 52; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2043. K2043. When wolf pretends to slander tiger fox agrees; later tells tiger he was trying to test wolf‘s malice. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2050. K2050. Pretended virtue. K1912. The false virgin.

K2051. K2051. Adulteress feigns unusual sensitiveness.

K2051.1. K2051.1. Adulteress pretends shame before male statue (mirror, male fish). *Fischer-Bolte 217.

K2051.2. K2051.2. Adulteress pretends to faint when her husband strikes her with a rose. She has allowed her lover to abuse her. Fischer-Bolte 217.

K2051.3. K2051.3. Adulteress feigns great disdain of men; will look at none but husband (and lover). Heptameron No. 43.

K2051.4. K2051.4. Women adorn their heads, though they are immoral below. Irish myth: Cross.

K2052. K2052. The oversensitive bride.

K2052.1. K2052.1. The bride’s (wife‘s) false modesty. Wears gloves, etc. to bed. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2052.2. K2052.2. Girl who is frightened by love becomes insatiable. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2052.3. K2052.3. Oversensitive bride pleads a headache (or other excuse). Groom retaliates with similar plea when she changes her mind. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2052.4. K2052.4. The oversensitive or hypocritical widow. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2052.4.1. K2052.4.1. Doctor prescribes sexual intimacy for widow’s ills. She claims to prefer death. Change of heart on daughters‘ plea. Daughters adopt treatment as a preventive. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 21; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2052.4.2. K2052.4.2. Wanted: a husband to manage estate. Widow who claims to abhor intimacy rejects a eunuch with business qualifications. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2052.4.3. K2052.4.3. Overlooking the insult. Man consoles daughter whose husband is dying by telling her he has picked another husband for her. She feels insulted. No sooner does her husband die than she asks her father for details. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2054. K2054. Pretended honesty to mulct victim. Trickster claims to have found a bag of gold. Confederate claims and receives it upon correct identification. Spectator is thus deceived into trusting the trickster with a large sum of money. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2054.1. K2054.1. Boy pretends to take long trip in order to pay debt of a penny. Thus he gets man’s confidence and robs him. Korean: Zong in-Sob 124 No. 60.

K2055. K2055. Fox confesses sins but is immediately ready to steal again. *Crane Vitry 264 No. 297; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 29.

K2055.1. K2055.1. The wolf in the company of saints. Promises to give up slaying animals. After wringing the gander‘s neck, excuses self saying: ”He should not have hissed at the saint.“ Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 165*.

K2056. K2056. Hypocritical stepmother weeps as she tells departing husband she will take good care of stepchildren though they beat her (she beats them instead). India: Thompson-Balys.

K2057. K2057. Hypocrite refuses gifts orally but stretches out his hands. Jewish: *Neuman.

K2058. K2058. Pretended piety. Jewish: *Neuman.

K2058.1. K2058.1. Apparently pious man (sadhu) a thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2058.2. K2058.2. False ascetic in partnership with tiger shares his prey. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 819.

K2060. K2060. Detection of hypocrisy.

K2061. K2061. Treacherous plan of hypocritical animal detected and prevented.

K2061.1. K2061.1. Wolf offers to act as shepherd: plan detected. Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 36), 68 (ET 326), 97 (ST 110); Halm Aesop No. 283.

K2061.1.1. K2061.1.1. Wolf proposes abolition of dog guards for sheep: plan detected. Wienert FFC LVI 53 (ET 138), 96 (ST 99); Halm Aesop No. 269; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2061.2. K2061.2. Fox feigns to be playing with sheep: dog drives him off. Wienert FFC LVI 53 (ET 125), 96 (ST 96); Halm Aesop No. 38.

K2061.3. K2061.3. Dog caresses sick sheep: shepherd knows that he hopes for sheep’s death. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 373), 96 (ST 104); Halm Aesop No. 372.

K2061.4. K2061.4. Wolf tries to entice goat down from high place: plan detected. Wienert FFC LVI *53 (ET 137), 96 (ST 90); Halm Aesop No. 270; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 216.

K2061.5. K2061.5. Famished wolf asks sheep to bring him water: plan detected. Wienert FFC LVI 53 (ET 136), 96 (ST 91); Halm Aesop No. 284; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 216.

K2061.6. K2061.6. Wolf offers to act as midwife for sow: plan detected. *Crane Vitry 202 No. 166; Herbert III 15; Wienert FFC LVI 46 (ET 41), 53 (ET 135), 96 (ST 86).

K2061.7. K2061.7. Cat offers to act as doctor for cock and hen: plan detected. Wienert FFC LVI 45 (ET 30), 53 (ET 127), 96 (ST 87); Halm Aesop No. 16.

K2061.8. K2061.8. Crocodile tells dog to drink in river without fear: plan detected. Wienert FFC LVI 53 (ET 130), 96 (ST 101).

K2061.9. K2061.9. Cat hangs on wall pretending to be dead: mice detect plan. Wienert FFC LVI 53 (ET 128), 96 (ST 97); Halm Aesop No. 15.

K2061.10. K2061.10. Fox‘s plan detected by crickets: cricket wings in his excrement. Wienert FFC LVI 53 (ET 126), 96 (ST 94, 222); Halm Aesop No. 400.

K2061.11. K2061.11. Jackal as nurse for leopard cubs eats their food. Chased by leopard. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2062. K2062. Thief tries to feed watchdog and stop his mouth: dog detects plan. Wienert FFC LVI 69 (ET 330), 96 (ST 103); Halm Aesop No. 164; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2063. K2063. ”Chaste“ woman surprised in adultery. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1450A; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2064. K2064. ”Holy“ hermit surprised in amorous intrigue. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 533.

K2065. K2065. Appearance of Death exposes hypocrisy.

K2065.1. K2065.1. Woman and sick husband. ”Would that Death take me in his stead.“ When Death comes she points to her husband. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2090. K2090. Other hypocritical acts.

K2090.1. K2090.1. Peasant has kind words for daws, but drives them from his seeds. Wienert FFC LVI 68 (ET 323), 102 (ST 151); Halm Aesop No. 99.

K2091. K2091. Illness feigned in order to learn secret. Africa (Fang): Trilles 259 No. 31.

K2091.1. K2091.1. Illness feigned in order to get better food. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2093. K2093. False guardian betrays refuge of fleeing lovers. Irish myth: Cross.

K2094. K2094. Love falsely pledged for wooer‘s benefit. Irish myth: Cross.

K2095. K2095. Hypocrisy concerning thefts.

K2095.1. K2095.1. Man announces finding lost jewel, but so softly that no one hears. He thus has clear conscience. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2095.2. K2095.2. Hypocrite will not share in stolen chicken--only takes some gravy. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2096. K2096. Hypocrisy concerning charity.

K2096.1. K2096.1. Hypocrite breaks vow to give coin in charity. Finds coin is short weight. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2096.2. K2096.2. Thief robs blind miser of his hoard and gives a tenth away in charity in form of a banquet to the poor. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2097. K2097. Miser goes to mass before committing usury. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2098. K2098. King sends regrets for death of man he has ordered executed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2100--K2199.

K2100--K2199. False accusations.

K2100. K2100. False accusation. Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; West Indies: Flowers 555.

K2101. K2101. Falsely accused minister reinstates himself by his cleverness. *Marc ”Die Achikarsage“ Studien zur vgl. Literaturgeschichte II 393ff.; *DeVries FFC LXXIII 365ff.; 374ff.; Jewish: *Neuman.

K2102. K2102. Falsely accused hero sent on dangerous mission. Dickson 178 n. 45.

K2104. K2104. Jewel presented to king brings false accusation of theft. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2110. K2110. Slanders. Jewish: *Neuman.

K2110.1. K2110.1. Calumniated wife. *Types 451, 706, 707, 712, 883A, 892; BP I 20, 79ff., *86, 99ff., 295ff., II 121ff., 273, 380ff., *392, III 85ff., 488; **Arfert Das Mдrchen von der unterschobenen Braut; Hibbard 21ff., 35; **Schlauch Chaucer‘s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 12ff.; *Kittredge Arthur 241 n. 1; *Cox 478, 501;--Irish myth *Cross; Jewish: *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 257; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 107 No. 891*; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 526, 536; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 385ff.; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 96.

K2110.1.1. K2110.1.1. Man‘s mistress accuses his wife of having leprosy. Chinese: Graham.

K2111. K2111. Potiphar’s wife. A woman makes vain overtures to a man and then accuses him of attempting to force her. *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 456 n. 102; **Bloomfield Trans. Am. Philos. Assoc. LIV 141; *Penzer II 120, IV 104, 107, V 176; *Dickson 178 n. 44; Boje 76; *Faverty Harvard Studies and Notes in Phil and Lit. XIII 81ff.; Heptameron No. 70; Saintyves Saints Successeurs 213ff. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 68, 128 Nos. 515*, 1516*, Espinosa III No. 146, Keller; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 6, *Rotunda; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 151 n. 2, II 63 n. 4, 74 n. 2, 106 n. 3, Fox 104; Jewish: *Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 336; India: Cowell J[a]taka I 265, IV 117, *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 264, 529; Chinese: Werner 192; Chinese-Persian: *Coyajee JPASB XXIV 191; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 326 n. 178.

K2111.0.1. K2111.0.1. Telling a story to allay a woman‘s amorous desires. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2111.1. K2111.1. Woman makes vain overtures to stepson and falsely accuses him of murder. She tries to poison him but her own son accidentally takes the beverage and apparently dies. Plot is revealed when doctor states that he had substituted sleeping potion for the poison. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2111.2. K2111.2. Spurned woman accuses man of theft. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2111.3. K2111.3. Friar refuses to keep promise after enjoying woman and is accused of rape. Castrated. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2111.4. K2111.4. Adulteress tricks husband into killing allegedly importunate lover. Heptameron No. 1.

K2111.5. K2111.5. Mother falsely accuses son of incest with her. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2111.6. K2111.6. Girl falsely accuses bishop. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2112. K2112. Woman slandered as adulteress (prostitute). (Usually by unsuccessful suitor.) (Crescentia, Genoveva, Susanna.) *Types 712, 883A; **Wallenskцld Le conte de la femme chaste convoitйe par son beaufrиre (Acta Societatis Fennicae XXXIV, Helsingfors, 1907); *Kцhler-Bolte I 392, 582; *BP I 18, 305 n. 1, Chauvin VI 159 No. 323, *167 No. 327; Ward II 680; Herbert III 342; *Dickson 72, 166 n. 12; *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 361f.; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 136 No. 116; Alphabet Nos. 147, 672; **J. Kentenich Die Genovefalegende (Trier, 1927); Oesterley No. 249; Scala Celi 27b, 32a Nos. 179, 183; Hilka Neue Beitrдge z. Erzдhlungslit. des Mittelalters 13 No. 11; *Graber Festschrift fьr Eugen Mogk (1924) 525ff.; *Revue des Langues romanes LII 163ff.; Archiv f. Literaturgeschichte XII 132ff.; *von der Hagen I c--civ; Hibbard 12, 21, 29ff., 35; *Puckett MPh XIII 609.--Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 660; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152.

K2112.1. K2112.1. False tokens of woman‘s unfaithfulness. Tokens are stolen from the woman, or her secret markings are seen by treachery. *Types 882, 892; *Kцhler-Bolte I 211f.; bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 257; *Grьnbaum Jьdischdeutsch Chrestomathie 421ff.; *Paris Romania XXXII 481ff.; *Hilka Neuphilologische Mitteilungen (1913) 16ff.; Dunlop-Wilson II 73f.; Chauvin VII 159.--Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 311.

K2112.1.1. K2112.1.1. Fingers as false token of wife‘s unfaithfulness. She has substituted a maid and the gallant has cut off the maid’s finger. English: Child V 22--7 passim.

K2112.2. K2112.2. Leper (beggar) laid in queen’s bed. She is thus incriminated. *Fb ”seng“ III 187b; *Child II 39ff.; Hibbard 35, 285 n. 5; *Dickson 166 n. 14; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 138 No. 63.

K2112.2.1. K2112.2.1. Man puts donkey’s foal under princess‘s bed-cover and accuses her of lying with it. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2112.2.2. K2112.2.2. Page is duped into hiding under woman’s bed (behind curtain). Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2112.2.3. K2112.2.3. Maidservant‘s confederate feigns coming out of woman’s bedroom. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2112.2.4. K2112.2.4. False abortion placed in innocent woman‘s bed. Korean: Zong in-Sob 202 No. 97.

K2112.3. K2112.3. Man taking refuge in woman’s house causes her false accusation. *Bolte Frey 253 No. 95.

K2112.4. K2112.4. Villain brings (threatens to bring) naked servant to woman‘s house. Threat of false accusation of indiscretion forces woman to yield. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2112.5. K2112.5. Other means of incriminating innocent woman.

K2112.5.1. K2112.5.1. Handkerchief left in woman’s room to cause accusation. (Othello.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2112.5.2. K2112.5.2. Giving madman food causes woman to be falsely accused. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2113. K2113. Princess disguised as man is accused of illicit relations with queen. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 425.

K2113.1. K2113.1. Girl disguised as man accused of infidelity. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2113.2. K2113.2. Rich woman, when her advances are repulsed by an ascetic (really a girl in man‘s clothes) accuses her of adulterous assault. *Loomis White Magic 111.

K2114. K2114. Man falsely accused of infidelity. (Cf. K2121.) Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2115. K2115. Animal-birth slander. A woman is accused of having given birth to animals. Her children are put out of the way and animals substituted. *Types 707, 710; *BP I 13ff., 20, II 380ff.; *Schlauch, Chaucer’s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 21; *Huet Revue d‘Ethnographie et de Sociologie II 200; *Chauvin VII 97 No. 375 n. 1; *Dickson 39ff. nn. 39, 40, 45; Fb ”kattekilling“ II 111; *Cox 486.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells 130 (Emare); Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2, *Rotunda; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 137, Espinosa II Nos. 99--104; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 383; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 116; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 190 No. 28, (Benga): Nassau No. 22.

K2115.0.1. K2115.0.1. Jealous queens tell child-bearing queen to put her head in the hole at the bottom of grain-bin, so that she fails to see what she delivers. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2115.1. K2115.1. Animal-descent slander. Malicious story that man is son of an animal. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2115.2. K2115.2. Slander: woman has given birth to objects. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2115.2.1. K2115.2.1. Stone substituted for newly-born babies. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2115.2.2. K2115.2.2. Log-birth slander. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 420, II 526.

K2115.3. K2115.3. Prophecy of ogre-child so that pregnant woman will be killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2116. K2116. Innocent person accused of murder.

K2116.1. K2116.1. Innocent woman accused of murder. Dickson 72, 225; *Hibbard 26ff.; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 385 n. 4; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2116.1.1. K2116.1.1. Innocent woman accused of killing her new-born children. *Type 451; BP I 70ff.; *Dickson 43, 73 n. 26; *Schlauch, Chaucer’s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 12; *Hibbard 26ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 94f.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 56; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 89, 99--103; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 321. See also references to K2116.1.1.1.

K2116.1.1.1. K2116.1.1.1. Innocent woman accused of eating her new-born children. *Types 652, 706, 710, 712; *BP I 13ff., 18 n. 1, 20, II 121ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 392, 582; Chauvin VI 159 No. 323; *Dickson 38ff. nn. 34, 42, 45, 48, 49; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2116.1.1.1.1. K2116.1.1.1.1. Bones of puppies as false evidence of wife’s having eaten her new-born child. Irish myth: Cross.

K2116.1.2. K2116.1.2. Queen falsely accused of having poisoned husband. Ignorant doctors cannot diagnose king‘s illness. Queen burned at stake. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2116.1.3. K2116.1.3. Girl falsely accused of murdering her lover. Investigation reveals poisonous breath of toad as cause of death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2116.1.4. K2116.1.4. Incognito queen falsely accused of having killed child left in her care. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2116.2. K2116.2. Man falsely accused of murder. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2116.2.1. K2116.2.1. Anchorite falsely accused of murder. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2116.2.2. K2116.2.2. Man accused of having starved woman to death and taken treasure. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2116.3. K2116.3. Person wounds self and accuses another of attempting murder. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2116.4. K2116.4. Murderer makes outcry so that innocent person is accused of murder. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2116.5. K2116.5. Warrior falsely accused of having killed his sleeping adversary. Not supposed to have been able to do it if latter was awake. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2117. K2117. Calumniated wife: substituted letter (falsified message). The letter announcing the birth of her children changed on the way to the king, so that the queen is falsely accused. (Cf. K2115, K2116.) *Type 706; *BP I 295ff.; Hibbard 26ff.; *Schlauch, Chaucer‘s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 12ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 119; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2, Rotunda.

K2117.1. K2117.1. Husband‘s letter ordering the calumniated wife to be treated well is altered into an order of execution. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2121. K2121. Man slandered as having deflowered princess. (Cf. K2114.) *Boje 74ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2121.1. K2121.1. Brother accused of paternity of mystically impregnated sister. S. A. Indian (Amuesha): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 149.

K2121.2. K2121.2. King’s faithful servant falsely accused of familiarity with queen. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 164--9, Boberg; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 393.

K2123. K2123. Innocent woman accused of using witchcraft. Sham sickness. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 427.

K2124. K2124. Woman slandered as an ogress. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2125. K2125. Slander: woman said to be possessed of demons. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2125.1. K2125.1. Girl reported possessed of demon: suitors frightened away. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2126. K2126. Knight falsely accused of sedition. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2126.1. K2126.1. King‘s advisor falsely accused of treason. Accusers exposed and punished. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2126.2. K2126.2. King’s man falsely accused of being in the secret service of another king. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2127. K2127. False accusation of theft. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2127.1. K2127.1. Desiring woman they quarrel over, man accuses group of men of having abducted his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2127.2. K2127.2. False queen puts horseflesh in bed of one with child so as to identify her as horse-eating thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2128. K2128. Slander: prince is bastard. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2129. K2129. Slanders--miscellaneous.

K2129.1. K2129.1. Jealous monk falsely accuses novice of laziness. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 792.

K2129.2. K2129.2. Sick crew accused of being magicians so that nobody wants to have anything to do with them. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk III 435.

K2129.3. K2129.3. Stepsisters scatter sugar in girl‘s litter so that flies congregate; would-be bridegroom disgusted and tells bearers to abandon her in jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2129.4. K2129.4. Family is accused of stinginess by recipients of their hospitality. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T--G. 3/515).

K2130. K2130. Trouble-makers. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2131. K2131. Trickster makes two friends each suspicious of the other’s intentions. BP II 129; Irish myth: *Cross (cf. K2130); India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1028; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 40.

K2131.1. K2131.1. Cat brings suspicion between eagle and sow. Eagle lives in the top of the branches, cat in the middle, and sow at bottom; all are happy. Cat tells eagle that sow is trying to root down the tree: eagle is frightened and dares not leave tree. Cat tells sow that eagle plans to carry off pigs: sow dares not leave. They starve and fall victims to the cat. Wienert FFC LVI 54 (ET 143), 99 (ST 130, 421).

K2131.2. K2131.2. Envious jackal makes lion suspicious of his friend, the bull. The lion kills the bull. Chauvin II 86 No. 18; Penzer V 42-63, 130 n. 1; B[ц]dker Exempler 277 No. 17; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2131.3. K2131.3. Woman destroys men‘s friendship by pretending to whisper to one. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2131.4. K2131.4. Trickster fills supposed treasure box with trash. Joint owners each accuse other of theft. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2131.5. K2131.5. Treasure-animal introduced into family’s flock in order to stir up dissension and enmity. Greek: Grote I 149.

K2132. K2132. False message of love carried to hero and maiden by troublemaker. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2134. K2134. Servant lays skin of dead dog in the bed of his mistress and master. Makes trouble between them. Type 1573*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1573*.

K2135. K2135. The complaint about bad breath: trouble for the king‘s favorite. A steward advises the courtier to hold his head away when serving the king, since the king objects to his bad breath. He then tells the king that the courtier holds his head back to avoid the king’s bad breath. Penzer II 113; *Chauvin VIII 144 No. 145 B; *Zs. f. Vksk. IX 188ff., 311ff.; *Oesterley No. 283; Herbert III 198; *Cosquin Йtudes 82, 116; *Paris Romania V 454ff.; Hertz Deutsche Sage im Elsass (1872) 283ff.; Dunlop-Wilson II 49; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2136. K2136. Officers praised in reverse from their real merit: trouble for them and their master. Type 1579*.

K2137. K2137. The priest‘s guest and the eaten chickens. The servant who has eaten the chickens tells the guest to flee because the priest is going to cut off his ears, and he tells the priest that the guest has stolen two chickens The priest runs after him. *Type 1741; *BP II 129; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 364; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 245 No. 543; Chauvin VI 179 No. 341; *Fb ”[ц]re“ III 1181a; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2138. K2138. Trouble-maker in night-lodging. Comes riding a wolf and asks for hospitality. Wolf kills sheep. Beehive in bed. Bees sting family and cause father to kill son. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1878*.

K2141. K2141. Jealous courtiers shake king lion’s confidence in his councillor, the virtuous jackal, by accusing the jackal of stealing the lion‘s food. *Chauvin II 102 No. 64; B[ц]dker Exempler 303 No. 74.

K2142. K2142. Two persons separately informed about each other’s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2150. K2150. Innocent made to appear guilty. B[ц]dker Exempler 303 No. 74; Spanish Exempla: Keller; West Indies: Flowers 555.

K2151. K2151. The corpse handed around. (The thrice-killed corpse.) Dupes are accused of murder when the corpse is left with them. The trickster is paid to keep silent. *Types 1536C, 1537; *Taylor MPh XV 221ff., 226 n. 1; **Suchier Der Schwank von der viermal getцteten Leiche (Halle a. S., 1922); *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 598; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 214 No. 438; Kцhler-Bolte I 190; Bйdier Fabliaux 469; BP II 10; Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 73 n. 3.--Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 176, 189, *Espinosa JAFL XLIX 181--193; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K2151.1. K2151.1. Live man thought to be returning corpse pleads with trickster to save him. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2152. K2152. Unresponsive corpse. Corpse is set up so that dupe addresses it and when it does not respond knocks it over. He is accused of murder. Most references to K2151 apply to this motif as well. *Cox 501; Christiansen Norske Eventyr No. 1536; *Clouston Tales II 242; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 176, 189; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 197 No. 96; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand No. 57, (Zuсi): Cushing 255, (Ojibwa): Schoolcraft Hiawatha 246.

K2152.1. K2152.1. Dead dog set up so that woman knocks it over. Must pay damages. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2152.2. K2152.2. Legs of a corpse cause accusation of murder. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1537A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1537 I*.

K2153. K2153. Trickster wounds self and accuses others. India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 87, 110.

K2153.1. K2153.1. Animal nurse wounds self so as to throw blame for eaten young on other animal. Africa (Kaffir): Alexander and Mohl Mitteilungen des Seminars fьr orientalische Sprachen VIII (3) 24ff., (Vandau): Boas and Simango JAFL XXXV 170ff. No. 7, (Thonga): Junod 232ff. No. 2, (Lamba): Doke MAFLS XX (1927) 71 No. 31.

K2155. K2155. Evidence of crime left so that dupe is blamed. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 26, 44, Beal XXI 307, 316; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 555.

K2155.1. K2155.1. Blood smeared on innocent person brings accusation of murder. *Types 652, 712; *BF I 18 n. 1; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 89, India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 369 No. 20. See also all references to K2116.1.1. West Indies: Flowers 536.

K2155.1.1. K2155.1.1. Bloody knife left in innocent person‘s bed brings accusation of murder. See references to K2155.1. Dickson 74, 225; Hibbard 25 n. 5.

K2155.2. K2155.2. Slanderers kill a woman and put her body near Buddha‘s cell. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1216.

K2156. K2156. Innocent man compelled to write treasonable letter. It brings about his death sentence. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 178 n. 1 (Palamedes).

K2165. K2165. Sham blind man throws suspicion on real blind. He admits his deception so that his companion, who is really blind, is punished. *Chauvin V 159 No. 83.

K2171. K2171. The dog receives the blows. The cat steals a sausage from the table but the dog receives the blows from the mistress. Type 200*.

K2172. K2172. Rats cause cats to be killed. The rats unite and all go to houses together, increasing or decreasing their ravages with the increase or decrease in the number of cats. Thus the cats are suspected of the damage and are killed. *Chauvin II 110 No. 74.

K2175. K2175. Grandmother causes grandchildren to be whipped: puts dirt and hairs into cooking pot by stealth and sand in the water they draw. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2200-K2299.

K2200-K2299. Villains and traitors.

K2200. K2200. Villains and traitors. Irish myth: Cross.

K2210. K2210. Treacherous relatives. Distinction between treacherous relatives and cruel relatives (S0-S99) is frequently impossible to make. Relatives whose treachery seems to be uppermost have been listed here; those usually possessing power over their charges and exercising their power in a cruel fashion have been listed under cruel relatives. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2211. K2211. Treacherous brother. Usually elder brother. *Types 301, 502, 506, 550, 551; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”jalousie“; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 21; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 328*A, Espinosa II Nos. 120f., III Nos. 141f., Espinosa Jr. Nos. 81, 202--204; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 323; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 125; Marquesas: Handy 86; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/615); Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 170; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 68.

K2211.0.1. K2211.0.1. Treacherous elder brother(s). India: Thompson-Balys.

K2211.0.2. K2211.0.2. Treacherous younger brother(s). India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 43; Mono: Wheeler No. 22.

K2211.1. K2211.1. Treacherous brother-in-law. *Types 315, 712; Dickson 178, Schlauch Chaucer‘s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 108; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 139, 151, 157.

K2211.2. K2211.2. Treacherous foster brother. False accusation of theft. Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2211.3. K2211.3. Treacherous stepbrother. Irish myth: Cross.

K2212. K2212. Treacherous sister. Usually elder sister. *Types 300, 315, 425, 706, 709, 780; *BP I 551, III 2; Dickson 29 n. 3; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 138-141; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 125; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 382ff., 391; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 297.

K2212.0.1. K2212.0.1. Treacherous sister attempts to poison brother. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2212.0.2. K2212.0.2. Treacherous sister as mistress of robber (giant) plots against brother. *Type 315; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2212.0.3. K2212.0.3. Treacherous queen has her brother killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2212.1. K2212.1. Treacherous stepsisters. *Types 403, 425, 432, 450, 510, 516, 592; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

K2212.2. K2212.2. Treacherous sister-in-law. *Type 706; BP I 295ff.; *bin Gorion Born Judas I 364; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 315C*; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2213. K2213. Treacherous wife. *Types 560, 561, 566, 612, 670, 1350, 1510; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 315B*, 894*; Russian: Andrejev No. 315B*, 894*; Prussian: Plenzat 25; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 315B*; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman, *bin Gorion Born Judas III 90ff., 95; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 93, 884, 998, II 491, 510, 516, 1014; Japanese: Ikeda; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 381, 385; Africa (Fang): Trilles 277, Tessman 113f.

K2213.1. K2213.1. Matron of Ephesus. (Vidua.) A woman mourns night and day by her husband‘s grave. A knight guarding a hanged man is about to lose his life because of the corpse he has stolen from the gallows. The matron offers him her love and substitutes her husband’s corpse on the gallows so that the knight can escape. *Type 1510; **Grisebach Die Wanderung der Novelle von der treulosen Witwe durch die Weltliteratur (Berlin, 1889); *Crane Vitry 228 No. 232; *Chauvin VIII 210 No. 254; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 752; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 93; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas III 240ff.; *315.

K2213.2. K2213.2. Faithless wife and paramour throw hero overboard. *Type 612; *BP I 126ff., 129.

K2213.2.1. K2213.2.1. Love-mad queen pushes her husband into well, as fakir lover directs. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2213.3. K2213.3. Faithless wife plots with paramour against husband‘s life. (Cf. K2213.5.) Malone PMLA XLIII 413, 419, 432; Boje 62; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 103; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2213.3.1. K2213.3.1. Faithless wife has husband and children killed so that she can be with paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2213.3.2. K2213.3.2. Faithless wife poisons husband to be with paramour. Paramour fearing a like fate refuses to go to her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2213.3.2.1. K2213.3.2.1. Paramour demands that wife bring him her husband‘s head. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2213.3.2.2. K2213.3.2.2. Wife plots to kill her husband, but her paramour answers that he could never touch murderess. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2213.3.3. K2213.3.3. Faithless wife deceives husband while she searches for lover. Irish myth: Cross.

K2213.3.4. K2213.3.4. Queen in love with own brother kills her husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2213.4. K2213.4. Betrayal of husband’s secret by his wife. *Oertel JAOS XXVIII 96; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2213.4.1. K2213.4.1. Secret of vulnerability disclosed by hero‘s wife. Huet 134; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 97, *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 302; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Cameroon): Ittman 77.

K2213.4.2. K2213.4.2. Noah’s secret betrayed by his wife. The devil persuades his wife to intoxicate him and then find out what he is doing (building the ark). Dh I 258.

K2213.5. K2213.5. The faithless resuscitated wife. Husband at great sacrifice has brought his wife back to life. She immediately deserts him and plots with a paramour against his life. (Cf. K2213.2.) *Type 612; *BP I 126ff.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 188; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 226. Cf. Paris Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 4.

K2213.6. K2213.6. Faithless wife transforms husband. Malone PMLA XLIII 421; *Penzer VI 8.

K2213.7. K2213.7. Faithless wife betrays husband to her father. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2213.8. K2213.8. Faithless queen aids lover to dispossess king. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg, FSS 209--12.

K2213.9. K2213.9. Faithless wife incites sons to make war upon father. Irish myth: Cross.

K2213.10. K2213.10. Faithless wife tricks husband into setting lover free. Irish myth: Cross.

K2213.11. K2213.11. Treacherous queen tricks king into bestowing kingdom upon her son. Irish myth: *Cross (fuller text).

K2213.12. K2213.12. Young queen murders her old husband in order to get a new one. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2213.13. K2213.13. Queen kills her husband as revenge of his killing of her father and brother. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2213.14. K2213.14. Queen deceives her husband as revenge for his killing of her lover and brother (Helgi.) Icelandic: Boberg.

K2213.15. K2213.15. Treacherous queen lures her husband into chest and betrays him to hostile king. He is hung up between two fires, but his second wife cuts the strings so that he falls down and kills his enemy and takes his kingdom back. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2213.16. K2213.16. Wife betrays husband in revenge for his once having taken a second wife. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2214. K2214. Treacherous children. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2214.1. K2214.1. Treacherous daughter. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 117 n. 3; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2214.1.1. K2214.1.1. Daughter has aged father cremated with dead husband to honor the latter. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2214.2. K2214.2. Treacherous daughter-in-law.

K2214.2.1. K2214.2.1. Treacherous daughter-in-law plots against husband‘s mother. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2214.3. K2214.3. Treacherous son: leads revolt against his father to whom he owes all. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 286.

K2214.3.1. K2214.3.1. Treacherous foster son. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2217. K2217. Treacherous uncle. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2217.1. K2217.1. Treacherous nephew kills good uncle for his money. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2218. K2218. Treacherous relatives-in-law. Irish myth: Cross (cf. K2211.1).

K2218.1. K2218.1. Treacherous mother-in-law accuses innocent wife. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2218.2. K2218.2. Treacherous father-in-law. Jewish: *Neuman.

K2220. K2220. Treacherous rivals. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman.

K2220.0.1. K2220.0.1. Jealous rivals prevail on person to break tabu (prohibition). Type 425; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2221. K2221. Treacherous rival lover. Wife’s paramour or rival in love. (Cf. K2230.) *Type 560, 561; Malone PMLA XLIII 417; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/10).

K2221.1. K2221.1. Woman poisons her successful rival. Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2222. K2222. Treacherous co-wife (concubine). Type 450; Dickson 29 n. 3, 41 n. 41; Irish myth: Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 526; Africa: Werner 203, (Basuto): Jacottet 246 No. 36, (Fjort): Dennett 47 No. 7, (Ekoi): Talbot 312.

K2230. K2230. Treacherous lovers. (Cf. K2221.)

K2231. K2231. Treacherous mistress. *Dickson 245 n. 51; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2231.1. K2231.1. Adulteress has lover killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2232. K2232. Treacherous lover (man). English and Scottish: Child Ballads Nos. 4; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2232.1. K2232.1. Treacherous lover betrays woman‘s love and deserts her. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2240. K2240. Treacherous officers and tradesmen.

K2241. K2241. Treacherous inn-keeper. *Type 563; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2242. K2242. Treacherous steward. Malone PMLA XLIII 437; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2243. K2243. Treacherous seneschal. Dickson 74 n. 31; *Boje 62; Schlauch Chaucer’s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 98.

K2244. K2244. Treacherous porter. Dickson 240; *Boje 71.

K2245. K2245. Treacherous marshall. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 6.

K2246. K2246. Treacherous prince. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 7; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2246.0.1. K2246.0.1. Treacherous princess (queen). Irish myth: *Cross.

K2246.1. K2246.1. Treacherous king. Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (Z-G. 13/420).

K2246.1.1. K2246.1.1. Treacherous king spies so that he may levy fines. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2247. K2247. Treacherous lord. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 8; Icelandic: Boberg.

K2248. K2248. Treacherous minister. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 9; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 715; Jewish: Neuman.

K2248.1. K2248.1. Treacherous minister‘s son. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2249. K2249. Other treacherous officers and tradesmen.

K2249.1. K2249.1. Treacherous potter. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 17.

K2249.2. K2249.2. Treacherous treasurer. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2249.3. K2249.3. Treacherous goldsmith. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2249.4. K2249.4. Treacherous merchant. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2249.4.1. K2249.4.1. Treacherous butcher. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2250. K2250. Treacherous servants and workmen. Types 450, 652; Dickson 236 n. 37; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 12; Malone PMLA XLIII 417 n. 9; Icelandic: FFC LXXXIII xxxvi--vii, *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”jalousie“. P365. Faithless servants.

K2250.1. K2250.1. Treacherous servant. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2251. K2251. Treacherous slave. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 19; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2251.1. K2251.1. Treacherous slave-girl. *Penzer VI 47 n. 1; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 61 No. *445B, Espinosa Jr. No. 114.

K2252. K2252. Treacherous maidservant. *Types 408, 553; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2253. K2253. Treacherous barber. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2254. K2254. Treacherous cook. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2255. K2255. Treacherous herdsman.

K2255.1. K2255.1. Treacherous swineherd. Malone PMLA VLIII 417 n. 9.

K2255.2. K2255.2. Treacherous ox-herd. Chinese: Chavannes I 382 No. 112.

K2256. K2256. Treacherous stable-groom. Malone PMLA XLIII 406; Hdwb. d.

Mдrchens I 241b n. 13.

K2257. K2257. Treacherous gardener. *Type 314.

K2258. K2258. Treacherous peasant. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 16; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2259. K2259. Other treacherous servants and workmen.

K2259.1. K2259.1. Treacherous woodsman. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 15.

K2259.2. K2259.2. Treacherous lamplighter. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b. n. 18.

K2259.3. K2259.3. Treacherous potter. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2259.4. K2259.4. Treacherous sailor. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2260. K2260. Dark traitors. Persons darks by race, habitual occupation, or complexion, or even marvelously colored, are frequently traitors in folk-tales.

K2260.1. K2260.1. Treacherous dark man. Malone PMLA XLIII 417 n. 9; Icelandic: Boberg.

K2260.2. K2260.2. Treacherous dark woman. *Dickson 43 n. 47.

K2261. K2261. Treacherous negro (Moor). Malone PMLA XLIII 408--432 passim; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 56, 60 Nos. 408A*, 435*, Espinosa II Nos. 120f., Espinosa Jr. Nos. 106--110; Italian: Basile Pentamerone Int., I No. 2, V No. 5.

K2261.1. K2261.1. Treacherous gypsy. Type 450.

K2262. K2262. Treacherous charcoal-burner. *Type 300; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 241b n. 14; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 68.

K2265. K2265. Treacherous red knight. *Type 300; *Fb ”Ridder R[ц]d“; *Ranke FFC CXIV 236.

K2270. K2270. Deformed villains.

K2271. K2271. Hunchback villain. *Cosquin Lorraine I 46 No. 3; Malone PMLA XLIII 417 n. 9; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2272. K2272. Crippled villain. Malone PMLA XLIII 417 n. 9.

K2273. K2273. One-eyed villain. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 477a; BP I 83 (Grimm No. 11); India: Thompson-Balys.

K2273.1. K2273.1. Blind villain. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2275. K2275. Beardless villain. *Cosquin Lorraine I 44 No. 3.

K2276. K2276. Leper as villain. West Africa: Tremearne FL XXII 464ff.

K2277. K2277. Treacherous dwarf. Schlauch Chaucer‘s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 104.

K2280. K2280. Treacherous churchmen.

K2281. K2281. Treacherous bishop. Dickson 46 n. 55.

K2282. K2282. Treacherous cardinal.

K2282.1. K2282.1. Boniface VIII, when cardinal, impersonates angel and dupes Clement V into abdicating. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2284. K2284. Treacherous priest. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2284.1. K2284.1. Treacherous chaplain. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2284.2. K2284.2. Treacherous brahmin. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2285. K2285. Villain disguised as ascetic or nun. **M. Bloomfield ”On False Ascetics and Nuns in Hindu Fiction“ JAOS XLIV 202ff.; *Penzer III 211 n. 1, V 102 n. 2, VI 12 n. 1, IX 23 n. 2; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2285.1. K2285.1. Ascetic as villain. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 531.

K2285.2. K2285.2. Treacherous anchorite. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2286. K2286. Sage as villain. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2290. K2290. Other villains and traitors.

K2291. K2291. Treacherous beggar. Tawney I 132f., 349f.

K2292. K2292. Treacherous physician. Penzer II 2; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

K2293. K2293. Treacherous old woman. *Type 1353; Irish myth: *Cross.

K2294. K2294. Treacherous host. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

K2295. K2295. Treacherous animals. Wienert FFC LVI *134.

K2295.1. K2295.1. Treacherous partridge. Wienert FFC LVI 51 (ET 111), *65 (ET 290), 139 (ST 448); Halm Aesop No. 356.

K2295.2. K2295.2. Treacherous eagle. Wienert FFC LVI *51, 59 (ET 108, 200), 135, 139 (ST 404, 446); Halm Aesop No. 5.

K2295.3. K2295.3. Treacherous cock. Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 84); 135 (ST 407, 449).

K2295.4. K2295.4. Treacherous lizard. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2295.5. K2295.5. Treacherous camel. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2296. K2296. Treacherous partner. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 23 and notes.

K2296.1. K2296.1. Treacherous robber-partner. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2297. K2297. Treacherous friend. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2297.1. K2297.1. Man leaves his sweetheart in charge of friend. He tries to force his attentions upon her and then claims it was a test of fidelity. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2297.2. K2297.2. Man takes his friend‘s mistress when the friend is away. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2298. K2298. Treacherous counselor. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2299. K2299. Other villains and traitors--miscellaneous.

K2299.1. K2299.1. Treacherous astrologer. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2299.2. K2299.2. Treacherous peoples (tribes). Jewish: *Neuman.

K2300--K2399.

K2300--K2399. Other deceptions.

K2300. K2300. Other deceptions.

K2310. K2310. Deception by equivocation. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

K2311. K2311. The single cake. Restricted to a single cake during Lent, the peasants make one as large as a cart wheel. Type 1565*.

K2312. K2312. Oath literally obeyed.

K2312.1. K2312.1. Oath literally obeyed: to tell no Christian. Woman thus sworn to secrecy talks to her unchristened child. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 20.

K2312.2. K2312.2. Saint, when forced to return to his monastery after swearing not to ”come with his face before him,“ comes walking backwards. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2313. K2313. Death message softened by equivocations. Various false explanations are given to prepare the hearer. English: Child I 376--387 passim.

K2314. K2314. One day and one night. Saint has tribute remitted for a day and a night, i.e. forever, because there is but one day and one night in time. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2314.1. K2314.1. One day and one night: object borrowed for a day and a night retained. Irish myth: Cross.

K2314.2. K2314.2. King induced by saint to remit tribute till Luan. ”Luan“ means both ”Monday“ and ”Doomsday.“ (Cf. K2319.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

K2314.2.1. K2314.2.1. Water-monster allows saint to place cauldron over its head until Luan. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2315. K2315. Peasant betrays fox by pointing. The peasant has hidden the fox in a basket and promised not to tell. When the hunters come, he says, ”The fox just went over the hill,“ but points to the basket. **Krohn Mann und Fuchs 61ff.; Wienert FFC LVI 68 (ET 324), 102 (ST 150); Halm Aesop No. 35; *Kцhler-Bolte I l; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 35 No. *161, Espinosa Jr. No. 24.

K2316. K2316. Thieves dig field and drain tank when miser says gold is hidden there. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2319. K2319. Deception by equivocation--miscellaneous.

K2319.1. K2319.1. One foot in Ireland, one in Scotland. Man carries sods of two countries with him that his whereabouts will be so defined. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2319.2. K2319.2. Warrior proposes to fight in single combat. Fights with aid of sons and grandsons. They belong to him. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2319.3. K2319.3. Saint hides fugitive from king underground. When king demand fugitive, saint (who never lies) replies, ”Verily, I know not where he is, if he is not under thee even where thou art.“ The king is satisfied and departs. Later suspects trick and arrests fugitive. Irish myth: Cross.

K2320. K2320. Deception by frightening. Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 5; West Indies: Flowers 536.

K2321. K2321. Corpse set up to frighten people. *Type 1536; *Taylor MPh XV 225 n. 1; Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 73, 360; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2321.1. K2321.1. Man who killed mother uses her corpse to get presents. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 161.

K2321.2. K2321.2. Dummy set up as corpse to frighten people. Italian Novella: Rotunda; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

K2322. K2322. The three hunchback brothers drowned. A drunken man is employed, by the woman who has accidently slain three hunchback brothers, to throw one into the river. He does so. Then she puts another out and finally the third. The man thinks they keep coming to life. Finally he sees the woman‘s hunchback husband and drowns him. *Type 1536B; *BP III 485; **Pillet Das Fablaiu von les trois bossus menestrals (1901); *Taylor MPh XV 223 n. 3; *Chauvin VIII 72; *Herbert III 203; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 31f.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

K2323. K2323. The cowardly duelers. In the war between the wild and the domestic animals, the cat raises her tail; the wild animals think that it is a gun and flee. *Type 104; *BP I 425; Dh IV 209; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 246--248.

K2323.1. K2323.1. Fox’s tail drops and frightens animals. In war between birds and quadrupeds the fox‘s lifted tail is to be the signal for the attack. Gnats sting the fox under the tail. He drops it and the quadrupeds flee. *Type 222; BP II 435ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

K2323.2. K2323.2. He-goat bleats and frightens animals assembled for fight. Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 246--248; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 89.

K2323.3. K2323.3. Old woman and tiger flee in terror from each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2324. K2324. Hiding from the strange animal. A cat shrieks and the frightened bear falls out of the tree and hurts himself. *Type 103; BP I 425; Japanese: Ikeda.

K2324.1. K2324.1. Ferocious animal frightened by ass braying. India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2325. K2325. Devil frightened by threatening to bring mother-in-law. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 51 No. 340*.

K2327. K2327. Wolf-captor scared by fiddle-playing of captive ram, who escapes. American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 44 No. 9.

K2335. K2335. Parson is tricked into giving up his room. Is told there is a snake in it. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2336. K2336. Tiger frightened away from man‘s tree refuge by man’s stick and rope. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2338. K2338. Wife, to drive away parasite priest, tells him husband has gone to get drunk and will kill him with rice mortar on his return. He leaves in haste. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2345. K2345. Ogre frightened at rustling. Man sets juniper afire. Type 1145; Japanese: Ikeda.

K2345.1. K2345.1. Tiger frightened at sound of clashing knives: thinks it is leak in house of which he is afraid. Chinese: Graham.

K2345.2. K2345.2. Bear frightened by wife‘s sneezing. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2346. K2346. Wooden image frightens away invaders. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 388.

K2350. K2350. Military strategy.

K2351. K2351. Animals help in military victory.

K2351.1. K2351.1. Sparrows of Cirencester. Fire is attached to birds who fly in and set fire to a besieged city. **Krappe MPh XXIII 7ff.; **DeVries Arkiv fцr Nordisk Filologi XLVII 66ff.; Stender-Petersen Edda Nordisk Tidsskrift f. Litteraturforskning 1929, 145--64; Herrmann Saxo II 93; *Liebrecht 109f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

K2351.1.1. K2351.1.1. Fire tied to foxes’ tails: destroys enemy‘s cities and fields. Jewish: Neuman.

K2351.2. K2351.2. Bees thrown into redoubt drive out enemies. *Fb ”bi“ IV 36b; Deutschbein I 256; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1249; *Liebrecht 75; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2351.2.1. K2351.2.1. Bees carried in drum attack and defeat attacking army. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2351.2.2. K2351.2.2. Ashes transformed into bees, wasps, scorpions and snakes drive invading army away for hero. India: Thompson-Balys

K2351.3. K2351.3. Mice and hogs let loose put elephant cavalry to flight. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 528; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 246--248; Jewish: Neuman.

K2351.4. K2351.4. Elephant drunk with toddy sent to attack enemy. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1108, II 527.

K2351.5. K2351.5. Horses frightened by instruments of war are backed into enemy’s ranks. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2351.5.1. K2351.5.1. Birds frighten enemy‘s horses so that they throw their riders down. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2351.6. K2351.6. Wild horses with bags containing stones tied to their tails, driven into enemy‘s camp to cause stampede. Irish myth: Cross.

K2351.6.1. K2351.6.1. Horse with basket of powdered peppers sent into hostile camp: enemy overcome. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2351.6.1.1. K2351.6.1.1. Hot pepper mixed with flour supplying enemy camp. Thinking they have been poisoned, they beat a retreat. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2351.7. K2351.7. Wild fawn sent by saint into hostile army, so that all follow it and leader (enemy of saint) is slain. Irish myth: Cross.

K2351.8. K2351.8. Strategy to get into enemy city: huge rat makes a burrow. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2352. K2352. Women spread shawls on enemy’s path and entangle them. They are easily defeated. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 525.

K2352.1. K2352.1. Fresh hides spread so that enemy slips and falls. Herrmann Saxo II 327, 596; Icelandic: Boberg.

K2353. K2353. Treasure cast down crushes besiegers. English: Wells 85 (The Sowdone of Babylone).

K2354. K2354. Treacherous priests prolong mass to let enemy destroy city. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 301 No. 17, 326 No. 28.

K2356. K2356. Women throw ashes in eyes of attacking soldiers, so that they are defeated. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 301 No. 17; Jewish: *Neuman.

K2356.1. K2356.1. Man blinded by throwing dust in his eyes: he is robbed. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2357. K2357. Disguise to enter enemy‘s camp (castle). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Panchatantra III 5 (tr. Ryder 328ff.).

K2357.0.1. K2357.0.1. Disguise to spy on enemy. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2357.0.2. K2357.0.2. Owner admitted into his own castle, captured in his absence, in guise of a monk. He has given news to conqueror of his purported death. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2357.1. K2357.1. Disguise as musician to enter enemy’s camp. Herrmann Saxo II 210; Irish myth: Cross; Collingwood Sagabook of the Viking Society X (1) 134.

K2357.2. K2357.2. Disguise as pilgrim to enter enemy‘s camp (castle). Massmann Kaiserchronik III 110.

K2357.3. K2357.3. Disguise as old man to enter enemies’ camp. Maori: Beckwith Myth 250.

K2357.4. K2357.4. Rabbi feigns death to be carried out of the besieged city and to approach enemy. Jewish: Neuman.

K2357.5. K2357.5. Weapons disguised permit entry to enemies‘ camp. Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 390.

K2357.6. K2357.6. Woman disguises as man to enter enemy’s camp. Slays enemy king. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2357.7. K2357.7. Disguise in killed enemy’s clothes to enter enemy‘s castle. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2357.8. K2357.8. Disguise as woman to enter enemy‘s camp (castle). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2357.9. K2357.9. Disguise as beggar (pauper) to enter enemy‘s camp (castle) or to spy. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 276.

K2357.10. K2357.10. Disguise as merchant to enter enemy’s castle. (Cf. K1817.4.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

K2357.11. K2357.11. Disguise as leper to enter enemy‘s camp. (Cf. K1818.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

K2357.12. K2357.12. Disguise as carpenter (tradesman) to enter enemy’s camp. (Cf. K1816.11.) Irish myth: Cross.

K2357.13. K2357.13. Disguise as juggler to enter enemy‘s camp. Irish myth: Cross.

K2357.14. K2357.14. Disguise as churl (bachlach) to enter enemy’s hall. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2357.15. K2357.15. Capture by hiding warriors in baskets on back of oxen driven into enemy‘s camp on pretence that food is being brought. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2358. K2358. Man disguised as animal sent among enemy that first blood be spilled by other side. Irish myth: Cross.

K2361. K2361. Woman saves herself from soldiers by receiving them joyfully rather than fearfully. Alphabet No. 541; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2362. K2362. Capture of castle by feigning death. *DeVries Arkiv f. Nordisk Filologi XLVII 56ff., 67ff.; Wilken Geschichte der Kreuzzьge II 321ff.; Herrmann Saxo II 126; Icelandic: Boberg.

K2363. K2363. Spies’ false report of enemies‘ weakness brings on premature attack. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 394.

K2364. K2364. Enemy’s ships fired by use of fireship. English: Malory X 32; Greek: Iliad XVI 84.

K2364.1. K2364.1. Enemies defeated by setting forest afire. Africa (Fang): Trilles 202.

K2365. K2365. Enemy induced to give up siege.

K2365.1. K2365.1. Enemy induced to give up siege by pretending to have plenty of food. Grimm Deutsche Sagen 460, 470, 504; Von der Leyen Sagenbuch III 1 No. 75, 2 No. 278; Lьbbing Friesische Sagen 65; Laport FFC LXXXIV 182; Herodotus I ch. 22; Ovid Fasti VI 349ff.; Japanese: Ikeda.

K2365.2. K2365.2. Enemy induced to surrender city by show of wealth on part of besiegers, who shoot golden apples over walls. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2365.3. K2365.3. Enemy soldiers persuaded by show of great wealth and generosity of king to desert to his side. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2366. K2366. City is falsely promised to enemy. When they enter they are attacked and defeated. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

K2366.1. K2366.1. Trickster admits defeat: enemy and friends invited to fort for ceremony and then attacked. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2367. K2367. Besieger scatters beads in protecting hedge: besieged destroy hedge to find beads. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2368. K2368. Enemy deceived into overestimating opponents: retreat. (Cf. K548.) India: Thompson-Balys.

K2368.1. K2368.1. Sound of artillery is simulated to overawe enemy.

K2368.1.1. K2368.1.1. Persons run wagon back and forth over a corduroy bridge to simulate sound of artillery. U.S.: Baughman.

K2368.2. K2368.2. Sounds of mock battle scare away attacking force.

K2368.2.1. K2368.2.1. Sounds of battle in playhouse scare away attacking soldiers. England: Baughman.

K2368.3. K2368.3. Sham doctor prescribes medicine for king‘s army; they fall ill; invading army, seeing multitudes being carried away in litters, flee, thinking there is a plague. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2368.4. K2368.4. Enemy induced to give up siege by making it look as if the besieged have got reinforcement. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2369. K2369. Military strategy--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

K2369.1. K2369.1. Marauder pretends beggary that king will underestimate his power. Irish myth: Cross.

K2369.2. K2369.2. Division of warriors hidden in pit on battlefield. Emerge during battle. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2369.2.1. K2369.2.1. Largest part of fleet does not emerge until late in battle. Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 86--89, Boberg.

K2369.2.2. K2369.2.2. Treacherous king participates in battle only when he sees who is likely to win. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2369.3. K2369.3. Treacherous ruler of city under siege sends sons to deliver city to enemy. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2369.4. K2369.4. Postponing of payment asked in order to get time to gather reinforcements. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2369.5. K2369.5. Besiegers drowned by diversion of river. England: Baughman.

K2369.6. K2369.6. Military strategy: city won by turning river from its course through city. Enemy soldiers march through empty bed into city. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Icelandic: Boberg.

K2369.7. K2369.7. Shammed discussing of peace while getting reinforcements. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2369.8. K2369.8. Cauldron containing lighted torch brought into enemy‘s camp ostensibly to be used for serving food: torch uncovered as signal for attack. Irish myth: Cross.

K2369.9. K2369.9. Fairy mist mistaken for smoke of enemy’s burning ships. Irish myth: Cross.

K2369.11. K2369.11. Hero causes confusion in enemy camp in dead of night: army men fall upon one another, convinced the enemy has infiltrated their camp. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2369.12. K2369.12. Poisoned food sent to enemy camp. India: Thompson-Balys.

K2369.12.1. K2369.12.1. Enemy leaders invited to banquet and poisoned. (Cf. K871.1.) Krappe Romanic Review XVI.

K2369.13. K2369.13. Brambles heaped in ford to halt enemies. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2370. K2370. Miscellaneous deceptions.

K2371. K2371. Deceiving the higher powers (God, the saints, the gods, fate). U.S.: Baughman.

K2371.1. K2371.1. Heaven entered by a trick. *Type 330; *BP I 343, II 189, III 303; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 210; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 164, 349; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2371.1.1. K2371.1.1. Heaven entered by trick: permission to pick up cap. Trickster throws a cap or leather apron inside the gate. *BP II 163, 189; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 83.

K2371.1.2. K2371.1.2. Heaven entered by trick: demanding back the charity gift. The trickster demands of Peter an article which he has given in charity. He then sits on it as his own property within the gates. *BP II 163.

K2371.1.3. K2371.1.3. Heaven entered by trick: ”wishing sack“ thrown in. Trickster wishes himself in the sack. *Type 330; *BP II 158, 163, 188f.; *Fb ”Himmerige“ I 611a.

K2371.1.4. K2371.1.4. Heaven entered by trick: sitting on Peter‘s chair. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 330.

K2371.1.5. K2371.1.5. Heaven entered by trick: slipping in along with holy person. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 94 No. 807*.

K2371.1.6. K2371.1.6. Heaven entered by trick: angel tricked by drink into telling woman how to enter. *Stiefel Zs. f. Vksk. VIII 280.

K2371.2. K2371.2. Gods tricked into help in escaping one’s fate. *Penzer VI 92 n. 2, IX 25 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2371.3. K2371.3. Ingeniously worded boon asked of God combines riches, issue, and restoration of eyesight: ”Oh God! I want to see from above the seventh story of my mansion my great-grandsons playing in the streets and eating their cakes from golden vessels.“ India: *Thompson-Balys.

K2371.4. K2371.4. Dog sent ahead so as to avoid seeing husband transformed. (Cf. S241.1.) Chinese: Graham.

K2373. K2373. Enemies reconciled by gifts which the one‘s son tells are sent from the other. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2376. K2376. The returned box on the ears. At table each gives his neighbor a box on the ears. The soldier is to give it to the king, but he returns it to the courtier from whom he has received it. Anderson FFC XLII 360; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 924B*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1637*.

K2377. K2377. Entering a garden by swimming down a stream that flows into it. Malone PMLA XLIII 399.

K2378. K2378. Temporary advantage gained by pretending to yield in a combat. *Dickson 175 n. 38.

K2378.1. K2378.1. Person allowed to win first game so that he will play for higher stakes. Irish myth: *Cross.

K2378.2. K2378.2. Warrior consents to flee for the sake of future victory. Irish myth: Cross.

K2378.3. K2378.3. Enemies deceived through shammed flight. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2378.4. K2378.4. Ammunition saved till enemy has used his. Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2378.5. K2378.5. Hero sleeps during the first part of battle and emerges only later. Herrmann Saxo II 185--87; Icelandic: *Boberg.

K2381. K2381. Ruler diverts attention from misgovernment by beginning a war. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 443.

K2382. K2382. One animal injures another by deception. B[ц]dker Exempler 281 No. 25; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

K2382.1. K2382.1. Bird plucks another bird’s feathers out. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 105.

K2382.2. K2382.2. Dwarf-deer pastes other animal’s eyes shut and pretends that hunters are coming. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 36.

K2383. K2383. Tying cat to balky horse’s tail to make him move. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 41.

K2384. K2384. Man tricked to be one‘s sworn brother in order to secure his help against his mother. Icelandic: Boberg.

K2385. K2385. Demon enters person and refuses to leave until wishes have been fulfilled. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 193ff., 352f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

K2388. K2388. Attempt to kill by throwing knife. *Boje 90; Icelandic: Boberg.

Volume 5: L-Z

Motif: Title-Page Vol. 5

MOTIF-INDEX

OF

FOLK-LITERATURE

A Classification of Narrative Elements in

Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances,

Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and

Local Legends

REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION BY

STITH THOMPSON

Indiana University

VOLUME FIVE

L-Z

INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS

BLOOMINGTON & INDIANAPOLIS

Motif: Copyright Page Vol. 5

Indiana University Press gratefully acknowledges

the support of the L. J. and Mary C. Skaggs Foundation

in the republication of the six volumes of the

Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording, or by any

information storage and retrieval system, without

permission in writing from the publisher.

Manufactured in the United States of America

ISBN 0-253-33885-9

5 89

complete set ISBN 0-253-33887-5

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Reversal of Fortune

L. REVERSAL OF FORTUNE

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

L0--L99. Victorious youngest child

L0. Victorious youngest child

L10. Victorious youngest son

L50. Victorious youngest daughter

L100--L199. Unpromising hero (heroine)

L100. Unpromising hero (heroine)

L110. Types of unpromising heroes (heroines)

L130. Abode of unpromising hero (heroine)

L140. The unpromising surpasses the promising

L160. Success of the unpromising hero (heroine)

L200--L299. Modesty brings reward

L200. Modesty brings reward

L210. Modest choice best

L220. Modest request best

L250. Modest business plans best

L300--L399. Triumph of the weak

L300. Triumph of the weak

L310. Weak overcomes strong in conflict

L330. Easy escape of weak (small)

L350. Mildness triumphs over violence

L390. Triumph of the weak--miscellaneous

L400--L499. Pride brought low

L400. Pride brought low

L410. Proud ruler (deity) humbled

L420. Overweening ambition punished

L430. Arrogance repaid

L450. Proud animal less fortunate than humble

L460. Pride brought low--miscellaneous

L.

L. REVERSAL OF FORTUNE

L0--L99.

L0--L99. Victorious youngest child.

L0. L0. Victorious youngest child. *Fb ”yngst“ III 1132a; *Saintyves Perrault 128ff.; *Jacobs’s list s.v. ”Youngest best“; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”cadet“; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 13; India: Thompson-Balys.

L10. L10. Victorious youngest son. *Types 326, 402, 471, 513, 550, 551, 554, 569, 570, 571, 577, 580, 610, 935, 1650. See also references under each of these type entries in FFC LXXIV. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 186a; Malone PMLA XLIII 398f.; *A. Christensen Danske Studier (1916) 46ff.; Chauvin II 115 No. 88.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 491; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 614; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/403, 615); Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 383; Polynesian: Dixon 41; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 185, (California): Gayton and Newman 74; Africa (Jaunde): Heepe 262, (Fang): Tessman 107, (Zanzibar): Bateman 155ff. No. 8, (Ekoi): Talbot 207, 259, 355, (Fjort): Dennett 65 No. 13, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 171 No. 34; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 110f. No. 39.

L10.1. L10.1. Name of victorious youngest son. Fb ”Esben“ I 256.

L10.1.1. L10.1.1. ”Thirteen“ as name of victorious youngest son. (Youngest of thirteen brothers.) BP III 34; *Kцhler-Bolte I 383; India: Thompson-Balys.

L10.2. L10.2. Abused son of younger co-wife becomes hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

L11. L11. Fortunate youngest son. Always has good luck. *Type 1650; BP II 69ff.; MacCulloch Childhood 365; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 93, 281, 434, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 630, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 265, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 309, (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 16.

L11.1. L11.1. Seal of humiliation put by youngest brother-in-law on the back of his rivals. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L12. L12. Favorite youngest son. India: Thompson-Balys.

L13. L13. Compassionate youngest son. Kind to people or animals: rewarded. *Types 513, 550, 551, 570, 571, 577, 610; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 10.

L13.1. L13.1. Youngest wife’s son restores eyesight to blinded six wives of raja and reinstates his mother. India: Thompson-Balys.

L21. L21. Stupid youngest son becomes clever. Panzer Beowulf passim; N. A. Indian (Micmac, Shuswap): Thompson CColl II 416ff.

L31. L31. Youngest brother helps elder. Types 516, 550; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 96; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 130; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

L32. L32. Only the youngest brother helps his sister perform dangerous task. India: Thompson-Balys.

L41. L41. Younger brother given birthright of elder. Jewish: *Neuman.

L50. L50. Victorious youngest daughter. *Types 361, 425, 431, 440, 480, 510, 511, 707, 901, 923; **Cox Cinderella passim; *BP I 185; Nutt FL IV 133; Jacobs FL IV 269; Lang FL IV 413; Cox FL XVIII 191; *Roberts 110; Tegethoff 10; *MacCulloch Childhood 357; *Saintyves Perrault 113. -- Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 65 No. 471B*; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I Nos. 2, 8, II Nos. 2, 3, III No. 4, V No. 9, Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 248 No. 193; Indonesia: Dixon 210; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 382ff., 390, (Maliseet): Mechling GSCan IV No. 9, (Chinook): Boas BBAE XX 77ff. No. 4, (Kwakiutl): Boas and Hunt JE III 371, (Gros Ventre): Kroeber PaAM I 80ff. No. 19, (Wichita): Dorsey CI XXI No. 33.

L51. L51. Favorite youngest daughter. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 85.

L52. L52. Abused youngest daughter. *Types 425, 510, 511, 709; *Cox 492ff.; Bцklen 78ff.; *Roberts 110; Tegethoff 10; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 248 No. 193; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 170 n. 5; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/346). Most references to L50 apply to this motif.

L54. L54. Compassionate youngest daughter. *Types 361, 431. See also most references to Q2.

Q2. Kind and unkind. Churlish person disregards requests of old person (animal) and is punished. Courteous person (often youngest brother or sister) complies and is rewarded.

L54.1. L54.1. Youngest daughter agrees to marry a monster; later the sisters are jealous. *Type 425; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 199 No. 76.

L55. L55. Stepdaughter heroine. *Types 403, 425, 432, 450, 480, 510, 709; BP I 226; *Roberts 109; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 481*; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6.

L55.1. L55.1. Abused stepdaughter. See references to L52 and L55. *Roberts 137; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 142--145; Greek: Grote I 103.

L61. L61. Clever youngest daughter. Type 923; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 123.

L62. L62. Youngest daughter suspects impostor. Elder have been deceived. N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Dorsey CI LIX 166 No. 44, (Kwakiut): Boas and Hunt JE X 196ff.; (Takelma): Sapir U Pa II (1) 64 No. 4, (Modoc): Curtin Myths of the Modocs (Boston, 1912) 27ff., (Yana): Curtin Creation Myths (Boston, 1898) 353ff.

L63. L63. Youngest daughter avoids seducer. Elder sisters have been deceived. Type 883B; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 4; India: Thompson-Balys.

L70. L70. Youngest of group victorious.

L71. L71. Only the youngest of group of imprisoned women refuses to eat her newborn child. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L72. L72. Youngest animal in group overcomes adversary. N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 7--9.

L100--L199.

L100--L199. Unpromising hero (heroine).

L100. L100. Unpromising hero (heroine). Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L101. L101. Unpromising hero (male Cinderella). Usually, but not always, the unpromising hero is also the youngest son. *BP I 183ff.; *Rank Mythus v. d. Geburt d. Helden; *Cosquin Contes indiens 494ff.; Cox 437--462, 519; M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII x; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 184b nn. 13ff.; Chauvin II 83 No. 9.-- Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells 25 (The Tale of Gamelyn); Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 52 No. 32; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 408; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 185; Africa (Fang): Trilles 251f.

L101.1. L101.1. Unpromising hero: aged man. Irish myth: Cross; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 336.

L102. L102. Unpromising heroine. Usually, but not always, the youngest daughter. See references to L50. *BP I 165ff.; **Cox passim; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”merle“; Missouri French: Carriиre: Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/346); N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 336.

L103. L103. Unpromising hero given great powers by deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

L110. L110. Types of unpromising heroes (heroines).

L111. L111. Hero (heroine) of unpromising origin. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

L111.1. L111.1. Exile returns and succeeds. **A. Nutt FLR IV 1ff.; *Hibbard 111 n. 6; Boccaccio Decameron II No. 8 (Lee 39); v. Hahn Sagenwissenschaftliche Studien 341ff.; *Dickson 42 n. 42; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L111.1.1. L111.1.1. Banished youth becomes mighty king. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 1, Boberg.

L111.1.2. L111.1.2. Fugitive bull-calf returns when grown and defeats his father. West Indies: Flowers 557--9.

L111.2. L111.2. Foundling hero. *Dickson 144ff. n. 147; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 120b; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri-French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Tonga: Gifford 130; N. A. Indian: Lowie JAFL XXI 27.

L111.2.1. L111.2.1. Future hero found in boat (basket, bushes). Legends of Moses, Cyrus, Beowulf and others. *Usener Die Sintfluthsagen (Bonn, 1899) 80ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I s.v. ”Aussetzung in Boot“; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

L111.2.1.1. L111.2.1.1. Future heroine found in hollow tree (calfshed, house ”without door but only window and skylight“). Irish myth: *Cross.

L111.2.2. L111.2.2. Future hero found on shore. Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Tonga: Gifford 122.

L111.2.3. L111.2.3. Future hero found on top of a tree. Chinese: Graham.

L111.2.4. L111.2.4. Future hero found in wolf den. Irish myth: *Cross.

L111.2.5. L111.2.5. Heroine found in harp. Icelandic: Boberg.

L111.3. L111.3. Widow’s son as hero. *Jacobs‘s list s.v. ”Widow’s son“; *Krappe Balor 126ff.; Garnett FL III 265; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

L111.4. L111.4. Orphan hero. Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; New Hebrides: Codrington 283ff.; Buin: Wheeler No. 8; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/818); Africa (Wakweli): Bender 81.

L111.4.1. L111.4.1. Orphan hero lives with grandmother. Avenges slaughtered kin. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 320 n. 156 (most of the references).

L111.4.2. L111.4.2. Orphan heroine. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Mossi): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 274ff. No. 120.

L111.4.3. L111.4.3. Orphan brothers as heroes. Chinese: Graham.

L111.4.4. L111.4.4. Mistreated orphan hero. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 93, Rasmussen I 123, 230, 238, II 34, 38, III 90, 295, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 188, (West Hudson Bay): ibid. 309, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 265, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 630.

L111.5. L111.5. Bastard hero. Icelandic: Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 957; Africa (Nuba): Reinisch Sprachen von Nord-Ost-Africa (Wien, 1879) II 224ff. No. 9.

L111.6. L111.6. Anchorite‘s son as hero. Icelandic: Boberg.

L111.7. L111.7. Future hero (heroine) raised by animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

L111.8. L111.8. Heroes sons of wife not favorite of king. India: Thompson-Balys.

L111.8.1. L111.8.1. Heroine daughter of wife not favorite of king. India: Thompson-Balys.

L111.9. L111.9. Hero of story neglected grandson of raja. India: Thompson-Balys.

L111.10. L111.10. Unpromising fourth son succeeds. Africa (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 200.

L112. L112. Hero (heroine) of unpromising appearance. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L112.1. L112.1. Monster as hero. *Type 708; *BP II 236; Cosquin Lorraine II 224; India: Thompson-Balys.

L112.1.1. L112.1.1. Loathly man father of supernaturally born boy. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 159.

L112.2. L112.2. Very small hero. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Hrуlfssaga Gautrekssonar passim; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 133--135; Korean: Zong in-Sob 78 No. 44; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 24.

L112.3. L112.3. Deformed child as hero. Penzer I 184ff.

L112.3.1. L112.3.1. Hero with deformed head. India: Thompson-Balys.

L112.4. L112.4. Dirty boy as hero. Type 301; Missouri French: Carriиre; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 183.

L112.5. L112.5. ”Burnt-belly“ as hero. N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Dorsey CI LIX Nos. 42, 44, 47, Grinnell 87ff., (Skidi Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VIII No. 9, (Arikara): Dorsey CI XVII Nos. 17--19, (Hidatsa): Curtis N. A. Indian IV 165.

L112.6. L112.6. ”Scar-face“ as hero. N. A. Indian (Blackfoot): Grinnell Blackfoot Lodge Tales (New York, 1892) 93, McClintock Old North Trail (London, 1910) 491.

L112.7. L112.7. Skin-sore as hero. Africa (Basuto): Kidd The Bull of the Kraal and the Heavenly Maidens (London, 1908) 51ff. No. 1.

L112.7.1. L112.7.1. Leper hero. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/45).

L112.8. L112.8. Lame child as hero. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 79.

L112.9. L112.9. Ugly child becomes great poet. Irish myth: *Cross.

L112.10. L112.10. One-armed hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

L112.11. L112.11. Heroine born with pigeon’s head. Tonga: Gifford 31, 61--65.

L113. L113. Hero (heroine) of unpromising occupation.

L113.1. L113.1. Menial hero. Type 594*; *Cox xl, 437--446; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand 440 No. 85, (Zuсi): Parsons MAFL XXXI 245.

L113.1.0.1. L113.1.0.1. Heroine endures hardships with menial husband. Rewarded by his success. BP I 443ff.; cf. Type 900; Cosquin Lorraine I 138ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl 348ff., (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 81, (Wichita): Dorsey JAFL XVI 160ff., (Teton): Curtis N. A. Indian III 111, cf. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 16.

L113.1.1. L113.1.1. Swineherd as hero. (Cf. P412.2.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 186b n. 109; Irish myth: *Cross:

L113.1.2. L113.1.2. Stable-boy as hero. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”garзon“; Missouri French: Carriиre.

L113.1.3. L113.1.3. Mad fisherman as hero. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

L113.1.4. L113.1.4. Shepherd as hero. Type 922; Jewish: *Neuman.

L113.1.5. L113.1.5. Goatherd as hero. Icelandic: *Boberg.

L113.1.6. L113.1.6. Cowherd hero. India: *Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

L113.1.6.1. L113.1.6.1. Cowherd‘s daughter (foster child) as heroine. Irish myth: *Cross.

L113.1.7. L113.1.7. Slave as hero. Jewish: Neuman.

L113.2. L113.2. Menial heroine. Cox 1-121 passim; BP I 183; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 119; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

L113.2.1. L113.2.1. Heroine has been goatherd. Icelandic: Ragnars saga Loрbr. 127, 198, Boberg.

L113.3. L113.3. Poor weaver as hero. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L113.4. L113.4. Peasant as hero. Africa (Dschagga): Stamberg ZsES XXIII 296ff., (Ganda): Baskerville 1ff.

L113.5. L113.5. Woodcutter hero. Africa (Nubian): Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens (Cairo, 1888) 48ff. No. 4, (Suaheli): Steere 13ff.

L113.6. L113.6. Smith as hero. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 73ff., 114--34 (Velent), Boberg.

L113.7. L113.7. Quack-doctor as hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

L113.8. L113.8. Barber becomes king. India: Thompson-Balys.

L113.9. L113.9. Tailor as hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

L113.10. L113.10. Flute player as hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

L114. L114. Hero (heroine) of unpromising habits. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

L114.1. L114.1. Lazy hero. *Type 675; *Fb ”doven“ IV 102b; *Chauvin VI 64 No. 233 n. 1, 202; Oesterley No. 91; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 416.

L114.2. L114.2. Spendthrift hero. Type 969; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L114.3. L114.3. Unruly hero. Types 301, 650; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 95.

L114.4. L114.4. Cheater as hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

L114.5. L114.5. Hero with disgusting habits. Korean: Zong in-Sob 66 No. 36.

L115. L115. Successful foolish son. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L116. L116. Insane hero (heroine). Irish myth: Cross (L125).

L121. L121. Stupid hero. (Cf. Z253.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 131; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L121.1. L121.1. Half-wit successful. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 23.

L122. L122. Unsophisticated hero. *Dickson 128ff. nn. 94--99; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

L123. L123. Pauper hero. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L123.1. L123.1. Penniless hero. Loved by a courtesan, he proves later to be a great man. M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII xxiii.

L124. L124. Dumb hero. Dickson 185; Irish myth: *Cross.

L124.1. L124.1. Child silent till seventh year. Icelandic: *Boberg.

L124.1.1. L124.1.1. Famous poet does not speak until he is fourteen (four, seven) years old. Irish myth: Cross.

L124.2. L124.2. Silent hero. Icelandic: *Boberg.

L130. L130. Abode of unpromising hero (heroine).

L131. L131. Hearth abode of unpromising hero (heroine). *Cox 1--52, 87--121, 437, 446, 493; *Fb ”askefis“ IV 17b; Saintyves Perrault 124ff.; *Cosquin Contes indiens 494ff.; Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 115; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 119; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Michelson JAFL XXXVIII 45ff.

L131.1. L131.1. Ashes abode of unpromising hero. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

L132. L132. Pig-sty abode for unpromising hero (heroine). *Type 314; Cox Nos. 1, 33, 77, 79, and passim; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 351.

L133. L133. Unpromising son leaves his home and goes into the world. Icelandic: *Boberg.

L134. L134. Unpromising hero must live in hut. India: Thompson-Balys.

L140. L140. The unpromising surpasses the promising.

L141. L141. Stupid person surpasses clever. Missouri French: Carriиre; Chinese: Graham; West Indies: Flowers 559.

L141.1. L141.1. The stupid monk recovers the stolen flocks. A nobleman steals the abbot’s flocks, saying that the monks have no use for them since they eat no meat. The most learned of the monks tries to recover them, but without success. The most stupid is then sent. Asked to dinner, he eats till he can hold no more. He tells the nobleman that he ate as much as possible since he could take back with him only what he had in his stomach. The nobleman pleased with the reply returns the flocks. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 61; Alphabet No. 718; Mensa Philosophica No. 187.

L141.2. L141.2. Simpleton‘s naive answer to robbers makes them think he knows their secret. They share their loot with him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

L141.3. L141.3. Hero stupid at games but fleet of foot. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 214.

L141.4. L141.4. Inept child eventually surpasses others. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1122).

L142. L142. Pupil surpasses master. *Fb ”mester“ II 584a; Alphabet No. 38; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

L142.1. L142.1. Pupil surpasses thieves in stealing. *Type 1525E; *BP III 393 n. 1.

L142.2. L142.2. Pupil surpasses magician. *Type 325; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L142.3. L142.3. Son surpasses father in skill. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

L143. L143. Poor man surpasses rich. *Types 676, 1535; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 187b; Irish: Beal XXI 336, O‘Suilleabhain 122; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 181, 201; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 256f.

L143.1. L143.1. Poor girl chosen as wife in preference to rich. India: Thompson-Balys.

L143.2. L143.2. Poor suitor makes good husband; rich suitor cruel. Africa: Weeks Jungle 443f.

L144. L144. Ignorant surpasses learned man.

L144.1. L144.1. Ignorant steward straightens his master’s accounts. The educated stewards have always cheated. The ignorant puts his belongings in one box, his master‘s in another. Both master and steward gain. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 355.

L144.2. L144.2. Farmer surpasses astronomer and doctor in predicting weather and choosing food. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2448*; Russian: Andrejev No. 2132; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 921 II*.

L145. L145. Ugly preferred to pretty sister. Type (4032); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”laide“.

L145.1. L145.1. Ugly sister helps pretty one. *Type 711.

L146. L146. Neglected surpasses favorite child.

L146.1. L146.1. Ape tries to flee with favorite child; neglected child saves himself. The favorite child is killed through the mother’s overanxiety. Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 253), 146 (ST 510); Halm Aesop No. 366.

L147. L147. Tardy surpasses punctual.

L147.1. L147.1. Tardy bird alone succeeds at bird convocation. Chauvin V 38 No. 365 n. 1.

L148. L148. Slowness surpasses haste.

L148.1. L148.1. If you hasten you will not get there. In spite of the saint‘s advice the teamster hastens and breaks his wagon. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 255; Alphabet No. 324.

L151. L151. Peasant girl outwits prince. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 3.

L152. L152. Daughter succeeds on quest where son fails. Africa (Rozwi): Posselt Fables of the Veld (Oxford, 1929) 30ff.

L154. L154. Scorning stops when it turns out that the scorned has saved the king by fighting alone against four. Icelandic: *Boberg.

L155. L155. Disagreeable and disliked child surpasses the likeable one. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

L156. L156. Unpromising hero kills those who scorn him. Icelandic: *Boberg.

L156.1. L156.1. Lowly hero overcomes proud rivals. Korean: Zong in-Sob 120 No. 58.

L160. L160. Success of the unpromising hero (heroine). Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 27, Beal XXI 309; India: Thompson-Balys.

L161. L161. Lowly hero marries princess. *Types 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 308*, 314, 325, 329, 400, 434, 502, 506, 507, 508, 513, 514, 530, 545B, 552, 553, 559, 560, 561, 570, 571, 575, 577, 580, 590, 594*, 725, 853, 854, 930, 935; Child V 488 s.v. ”marriages“.--Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 614.

L161.1. L161.1. Marriage of poor boy and rich girl. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 81 No. 44; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): *Benedict II 336.

L161.2. L161.2. Fool wins beautiful woman as wife. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 530B*; India: Thompson-Balys.

L161.3. L161.3. Mercenary soldier (exile) accepted lover of princess. Irish myth: *Cross.

L162. L162. Lowly heroine marries prince (king). *Types 310, 403, 428, 431, 440, 442, 450, 451, 501, 510, 511, 545A, 585, 652, 705, 706, 707, 708, 711, 870A, 873, 875, 883A, 887; Hibbard 190ff.; *Roberts 196. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 107f., 154, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 80, 142; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 5 and passim, *Rotunda; India: Cowell Jataka I 27f., *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 147, 423, II 103, 455, 1366; Japanese: Ikeda.

L165. L165. Lowly boy becomes king. (Most references to L161 apply here). Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 51; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 249; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/45).

L175. L175. Lowly successful hero invites king and humbles him. *Type 675; India: Thompson-Balys.

L175.1. L175.1. Lowly successful soldier invites general and humbles him. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

L176. L176. Despised boy wins race. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327f. nn. 185f. (many references), (Zuсi): *Benedict II 336.

L177. L177. Despised boy wins gambling game. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 336.

L200--L299.

L200--L299. Modesty brings reward.

L200. L200. Modesty brings reward.

L210. L210. Modest choice best. Types 480, 580. See also references to L211 and L221. Scala Celi 26a No. 171; *Roberts 177, 198; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 71, 74, 139, 191; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 10; Icelandic: Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 340; Africa: Werner African 196, 205; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 277 No. 91; West Indies: Flowers 559.

L211. L211. Modest choice: three caskets type. Objects from which choice is to be made are hidden in caskets (or the like). The worst looking casket proves to be the best choice. Type 480; *Cox 501ff.; Cosquin Lorraine No. 17; *Chauvin III 99 No. 4; *Crane Vitry 153 No. 47; *Oesterley No. 251; *Roberts 200; *Cosquin Contes indiens 527; Boccaccio Decameron X No. 1 (Lee 294); *Ward II 122; Herbert III 196; *Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 18; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 836; *Fb ”skеl“ III 352a. -- North Carolina: Brown Collection I 633; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Anesaki 320; N. A. Indian (Arikara): Dorsey CI XVII No. 16, (Nez Percй): Spinden JAFL XXI 156, (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 264; Malay: V. Ronkel Catalogus der Maleische Handschriften te Batavia (Den Haag, 1909) 48; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 121 No. 10, 229 No. 41, (Benga): Nassau 225 No. 33.

L212. L212. Choice among several gifts. The worst horse, armor, or the like proves best. *Fb ”hest“ I 598b; Child II 444f., 450, 453f.; German: Grimm No. 57; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 62, 64; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 341, (Arikara): Dorsey CI XVII No. 16; West Indies: Flowers 559.

L212.1. L212.1. Saint, offered any gift from God, chooses (virginity and) wisdom. Irish myth: *Cross.

L212.2. L212.2. Solomon, offered any gift from God, chooses wisdom. Granted wisdom and wealth. Irish myth: Cross.

L212.3. L212.3. Hero prefers fame to long life. Irish myth: Cross.

L212.3.1. L212.3.1. ”Fame (honor) is more enduring than life.“ Irish myth: *Cross.

L212.4. L212.4. Modest choice proves good (simple unique privilege). Girl offered reward of five villages chooses rather to be only one on certain night to be allowed to have light in her house and to keep all animals who enter as hers. All kinds of livestock come. India: Thompson-Balys.

L213. L213. Poor girl chosen rather than the rich. Treasure follows. Chauvin III 103 No. 13; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L213.1. L213.1. Modest choice best: wife chosen from crowd of women--only one poorly dressed. Chinese: Graham.

L213.2. L213.2. Choice of ugliest girl as bride. Chinese: Graham.

L214. L214. Old chosen rather than new. Fortunate choice. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 142 No. 20.

L215. L215. Unpromising magic object chosen. Hero refuses to take one that cries out ”take me!“ Roberts 204; Tonga: Beckwith Myth 25, Gifford 20; Africa (Benga): Nassau 114 No. 11; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 269 No. 81.

L216. L216. Poor game proves rich. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 83.

L217. L217. Accustomed rags preferred to new garments. A Brahmin returns home to find a palace instead of a cottage; he recognizes his wife only after she throws off her jewels and ornaments to stand before him in her old rags. India: Thompson-Balys.

L217.1. L217.1. Former poverty chosen over new riches. Weaver laments loss of water vessel. Offered many new, but prefers old and modest life. India: Thompson-Balys.

L220. L220. Modest request best. *Cox 480; *BP II 232; *MacCulloch Childhood 191; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 276 n. 18a.

L221. L221. Modest request: present from the journey. Asked what her father shall bring her as a present, the heroine chooses a modest gift. It is usually a flower but sometimes does not turn out to be such a simple gift after all (golden cloak, golden apple). *Type 425; *Fb ”rose“ III 80a, ”guldжble“ I 515b, ”guldrok“ I 514b; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 206b; Tegethoff 11; Italian Basile Pentamerone II No. 8; India: Thompson-Balys.

L221.1. L221.1. Present from the journey: what you first see. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 606a nn. 80--89.

L222. L222. Modest choice: parting gift. Small gift with blessing preferred to large gift with parent’s curse. *Kцhler-Bolte I 188; BP I 214 n. 1; Gunkel Das Mдrchen im alten Testament (Tьbingen, 1921) 100f.; Campbell Tales I 220 No. 13; Lang English Fairy Tales 136 No. 23; Gipsy: Aichele Zigeunermдrchen 289 No. 69; Jewish: Neuman; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 110, 122.

J229.3. Choice: a big piece of cake with my curse or a small piece with my blessing.

L222.1. L222.1. Modest choice for parting gift--money or counsels. Counsels chosen. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 100, 304.

L222.2. L222.2. Modest parting gift best--meat or bones. Bones thrown to pursuing dogs delay them and allow escape; not so with meat. India: Thompson-Balys.

L222.3. L222.3. Modest choice for parting gift: when offered money man takes magic stick. Chinese: Graham.

L222.4. L222.4. Modest choice of parting gift: magic iron measure chosen. Korean: Zong in-Sob 27 No. 12.

L225. L225. Hero refuses reward. Rides away without it. *Types 300, 303; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; Icelandic: Boberg.

L250. L250. Modest business plans best.

L251. L251. Beggar with small bag surpasses the one with the large. Latter refuses all but large donations; gets none. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 607; *Crane Vitry 168 No. 77; Alphabet No. 607.

L290. L290. Modesty brings reward--miscellaneous.

L291. L291. Prosperity forever or for a day? King asks prince whether he has secret of prosperity forever or a day. Prince says ”forever“ and is captured. Later his wife, asked same question, says ”for a day“ and is honored. India: Thompson-Balys.

L300--L399.

L300--L399. Triumph of the weak.

L300. L300. Triumph of the weak. Chauvin II 204 No. 59; Irish myth: Cross.

L301. L301. Hermes distributes wit. Gives everyone the same measure of wit, so that the smaller are more clever than the large. Wienert FFC LVI 35; Halm Aesop No. 150.

L310. L310. Weak overcomes strong in conflict.

L311. L311. Weak (small) hero overcomes large fighter. *Type 328; A. Stender-Petersen Acta Jutlandica VI (1934) 166ff.; Irish myth: Cross; English: Child II 35ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Japanese: Anesaki 311; Jewish: Neuman, I Samuel 17:23 (David and Goliath); N. A. Indian (Southern Paiute, Shivwits): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 150 No. 17; Guatamala Indian (Quiche): Alexander Lat. Am. 168ff.; Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 476.

L311.1. L311.1. Sick hero overcomes antagonist. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

L311.2. L311.2. Poorly-armed hero overcomes well-armed by strategy. India: Thompson-Balys.

L311.3. L311.3. Poor prince overcomes king. India: Thompson-Balys.

L311.4. L311.4. Little innocent girl is able to drive giant out of land. India: Thompson-Balys.

L311.5. L311.5. Small boy overcomes enraged gorilla. Africa: Stanley 281ff.

L312. L312. Little strong man defeats giant in race. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 150.

L315. L315. Small animal overcomes large. *BP II 437.

L315.1. L315.1. Bird flies into large animal‘s ear and kills him. *Type 228; *BP II 437; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 115.

L315.1.1. L315.1.1. Mouse runs into buffalo‘s ear and overcomes him. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 393f.

L315.2. L315.2. Mouse torments bull who cannot catch him. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 74), 113 (ST 236).

L315.3. L315.3. Fox burns tree in which eagle has nest. Revenges theft of cub. Herbert III 12; *Crane Vitry 194 No. 144.

L315.4. L315.4. Mother ape burns bear. Revenges theft of her young. *Crane Vitry 194 No. 143.

L315.5. L315.5. Lark causes elephant to fall over precipice. Chauvin II 81 No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 771; Japanese: Ikeda.

L315.5.1. L315.5.1. Elephant killed by mouse who runs up open end of trunk to head and there smears poison over his brain. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 393f.

L315.6. L315.6. Insects worry large animal to despair or death. Wienert FFC LVI *48 (ET 76), 120 (ST 301); Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 187, 209; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 132, 137.

L315.7. L315.7. Dungbeetle keeps destroying eagle‘s eggs. Eagle at last goes to the sky and lays eggs in Zeus’s lap. The dungbeetle causes Zeus to shake his apron and break the eggs. Wienert FFC LVI *51 (ET 106), 77 (ET 432), 113 (ST 237), 114 (ST 249); Halm Aesop No. 7.

L315.8. L315.8. Fish pricks monster with fins and defeats him. India: Thompson-Balys.

L315.9. L315.9. Falcon attacks eagle repeatedly and defeats him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L315.10. L315.10. Mice overcome camel. India: Thompson-Balys.

L315.11. L315.11. Lizard defeats leopard. India: Thompson-Balys.

L315.12. L315.12. Rabbit slays rhinoceros. India: Thompson-Balys.

L315.13. L315.13. Hedgehog defeats tiger by jumping into tiger‘s mouth and tormenting him. India: Thompson-Balys.

L315.14. L315.14. Ants overcome serpent. Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 386.

L315.15. L315.15. Small animals dupe larger into trap. Africa (Bankon): Ittman 85, (Wachaga): Gutmann 190, (Cameroon): Lederbogen 19.

L316. L316. Offended rats gnaw saddle girths of king’s horses so that he is defeated in battle. India: Thompson-Balys.

L318. L318. Mice win war with woodcutters. India: Thompson-Balys.

L330. L330. Easy escape of weak (small).

L331. L331. Little fishes escape from the net. The large are caught. *Type 253; *BP III 355; Wienert FFC LVI 66 (ET 299), 113 (ST 240); Halm Aesop No. 26.

L332. L332. Mice escape into their holes; weasels cannot follow them. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 65), *113 (ST 241); Halm Aesop No. 291.

L333. L333. Hummingbird can see fowler’s net; eagle is caught in spite of his boasts of good eyesight. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 290; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 254*.

L350. L350. Mildness triumphs over violence.

L350.1. L350.1. Mildness triumphs over violence: queen advises husband to use kindness to enemies. This wins them over where war failed. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L350.2. L350.2. Saint uses kind words to pagan priest who has just smitten a Christian. This causes pagan to repent. Conversion follows. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L351. L351. Contest of wind and sun. Sun by warmth causes traveler to remove coat, while wind by violent blowing causes him to pull it closer around him. Wienert FFC LVI 43 (ET 7), 80 (ET 457), 136 (ST 419); Halm Aesop No. 82; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3900; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 381ff.; Russian: Andrejev No. 298*; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 95, 140. Cf. Halm No. 414.

L351.1. L351.1. Contest between wind (rain) and sun. Rain also tries unsuccessfully like wind. India: Thompson-Balys.

L351.2. L351.2. Sun cursed by man for its burning rays, wind for its hot breath, but moon is blessed for its soft, cool, and beautiful light. India: Thompson-Balys.

L353. L353. Mild brother triumphs over warlike. Survives him and inherits property. Africa (Fang): Tessman 191ff.

L361. L361. Priest who gives mild penances succeeds where others fail. Scala Celi 48a No. 272; Alphabet No. 183; Herbert III 505, 570; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L363. L363. Goldsmith gives money to one who addressed him as friend (the goldsmith had no friends because he has cheated everybody.) India: Thompson-Balys.

L390. L390. Triumph of the weak-miscellaneous.

L391. L391. Needle kills an elk. Slips into his stomach. Type 90.

L391.1. L391.1. Reed pricks and drives away dog that urinates on it. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L392. L392. Mouse stronger than wall, wind, mountain. *DeCock Volkssage 31ff.; BP I 148 n. 2; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 82 No. 75; Chauvin II 97 No. 55; Archiv f. d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen LXXXI 265; Germania II 481; Basset RTP VII 394ff.; Basset Contes Berbиres 95f; *Bшdker Exempler 297 No. 60.--Spanish: Keller, Espinosa III Nos. 275--277; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

L392.1. L392.1. Mosquitoes sting King Pharaoh and show they are stronger than the man who cannot escape them. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L393. L393. Only love to offer. Bride asks suitors what they have to offer her. Poor youth who has nothing but love to offer gets her. India: Thompson-Balys.

L394. L394. Slow flying swan lasts longer than speedy crow in flying. India: Thompson-Balys.

L395. L395. Frog, tortoise, fish each tell of how long they expect to live. Frog alone does not expect to live to a hundred and ten years and alone escapes fisherman’s net. India: Thompson-Balys.

L400--L499.

L400--L499. Pride brought low.

L400. L400. Pride brought low. Jewish: *Neuman.

L410. L410. Proud ruler (deity) humbled.

L410.1. L410.1. Proud king humbled: realizes that pomp, possessions, power are all of short duration. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L410.2. L410.2. King, defeated in battle, obliged to flee without money. India: Thompson-Balys.

L410.3. L410.3. Boasting king insulted by crow dropping filth on him. India: Thompson-Balys.

L410.4. L410.4. Defeated king must be peddler or beggar. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L410.5. L410.5. King overthrown and made servant. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L410.6. L410.6. Ruler enslaved. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L410.7. L410.7. Queen forced to become a courtesan. India: Thompson-Balys.

L411. L411. Proud king displaced by angel. (King in the bath.) While the king is in the bath (or hunting) an angel in his form takes his place. The king is repulsed on all sides until he repents of his haughtiness. *Type 757; **Varnhagen Ein indisches Mдrchen auf seine Wanderung durch die asiatischen und europдischen Literaturen (Berlin, 1882); Chauvin II 161 No. 51; *Wesselski Mдrchen 237 No. 49; Hibbard 58ff.; *Herbert III 202; *Oesterley No. 59; *Andraea Anglia Beiblatt XIII 302; *von der Hagen III cxv; bin Gorion Born Judas III 47ff., 299f.; *Goebel Jьdische Motive im Mдrchenhafte Erzдhlungsgut (Gleiwitz, 1932) 89ff. -- Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L412. L412. Rich man made poor to punish pride. He boasts that God has no power to make him poor. While he is at church, his property burns and he returns home poor. Type 836; Irish: Beal XXI 336, O’Suilleabhain 122; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 249; India: Thompson-Balys.

L412.1. L412.1. Woman casts ring into sea boasting that it is as impossible for her to become poor as for the ring to be found. Ring is found in fish: she becomes poor. W. Jones Finger-Ring Lore (London, 1898) 440; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 178.

L413. L413. Proud inscriptions sole remains of powerful king. *Chauvin V 33 No. 16; Spanish Exempla: Keller. Cf. Shelley‘s ”Ozymandias“.

L414. L414. King vainly forbids tide to rise. (Canute.) Herbert III 62; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L414.1. L414.1. King vainly attempts to measure the height of the sky and the depth of the sea. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 920A*.

L415. L415. God punishes David for his pride in the number of his subjects. An angel is sent to kill his people. Desists only when David repents. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

L416. L416. King commanded to wear enemy’s shoes on his shoulders as sign of submission. Irish myth: Cross.

L416.1. L416.1. Proud king humbled when imprisoned by enemies. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L417. L417. God finds that his statue sells at low price. He prices it in a statue shop and finds that his price is lower than other gods. Wienert FFC LVI 80 (ET 455), 94 (ST 77); Halm Aesop No. 137.

L418. L418. King shown he is less powerful than God. In spite of all his plans, his servant recovers the lost (exchanged) treasure. Type 841.

L419. L419. Proud ruler (deity) humbled--miscellaneous.

L419.1. L419.1. Goose boasts superiority to mushroom. Both served up at same meal. India: Thompson-Balys.

L419.2. L419.2. King (prince) becomes beggar. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

L420. L420. Overweening ambition punished. Chinese: Graham.

L420.0.1. L420.0.1. Overweening ambition punished. Man sets self up as a god. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L421. L421. Attempt to fly to heaven punished. Car supported by eagles. Persian: Carnoy 336.

L421.1. L421.1. Attempt to climb to heaven punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

L423. L423. Peter acts as God for a day: tires of bargain. A girl takes her goat to pasture and leaves him: ”My God care for you!“ Peter must run everywhere after the goat. *Dh II 188.

L424. L424. Man who has never known unhappiness or want is swallowed up by earth with all his household. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L425. L425. Dream (prophecy) of future greatness causes banishment (imprisonment). *Type 671, 725; *BP I 322ff., 324; Japanese: Ikeda.

L427. L427. Poor man aspires to high office: made a cook. India: Thompson-Balys.

L430. L430. Arrogance repaid. Icelandic *Boberg.

L431. L431. Arrogant mistress repaid in kind by her lover. *Type 900; *BP I 443ff.; **Philippson Kцnig Drosselbart FFC L; Krappe Йtudes ital. II 141ff.; *Gigas ”Et eventyrs vandring“ Litteratur og Historie (Kшbenhavn, 1902); *Fb ”bejler“ IV 31b; Icelandic: Boberg; West Indies: Flowers 560.

L431.1. L431.1. Haughty mistress makes extravagant demands of lover: repaid. (Glove and the Lion.) *Shearin MLN XXVI 113; *Buchanan Modern Language Review IV 183 n. 1; Krappe MLN XXXIV 16; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 256.

L431.2. L431.2. Scorned lover poses as rich man and cheats his scornful mistress. Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 10 (Lee 266); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

L431.3. L431.3. Sneering princess is impregnated by magic. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

L432. L432. Impoverished husband begs from wife‘s new husband. He has formerly refused this man charity. *Chauvin II 174 No. 16, VIII 180 No. 212; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 263 N. 232; *Basset 1001 Contes II 305.

L432.1. L432.1. Cruel brothers brought to beg charity from abused sister. India: *Thompson-Balys.

L432.2. L432.2. Impoverished father begs from daughter he has banished: recognized. India: Thompson-Balys.

L432.2.1. L432.2.1. Impoverished father begs from his prosperous daughter whom he has made to marry a poor man. Chinese: Graham.

L432.3. L432.3. Impoverished husband begs from wife he has formerly expelled. Chinese: Graham.

L432.4. L432.4. Impoverished youngest brother comes to elders in search of work. India: Thompson-Balys.

L434. L434. Arrogant farmer allows none to ride his precious horse without permission. He kills the man who does it, but is in revenge deprived of most of his goods. Icelandic: Hrafnkels saga Freysgods ch. 2ff. (ed. F. S. Cawley) (Cambridge, Mass., 1932).

L435. L435. Self-righteousness punished.

L435.1. L435.1. Self-righteous hermit must do penance. He has said of a condemned man that he deserves his punishment. *Types 756A, 756B; BP III 463ff.; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 160ff., 250ff.; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 21 No. 16; Alphabet No. 206; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 99, Beal XXI 332; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos 79f.

L435.1.1. L435.1.1. Self-righteous monk rebuked by abbot. Abbot tells him to search his own heart to see if he is free of sin before attacking others. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L435.2. L435.2. Self-righteous woman punished. She has passed judgment on a girl who has a bastard. Kцhler-Bolte I 147f., *578, 581.

L435.2.1. L435.2.1. Woman with three hundred sixty-five children. Punished for self-righteous condemnation of unchaste girl. *Taylor Notes and Queries No. 251 (Feb., 1923) 96; *K. Nyrop Grevinden med de 365 Born (Kшbenhavn, 1909); Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 469; Child II 67f., IV 463b.; *Kцhler Lais der Marie de France@2 xc; *DeCock Volkssage 9ff.

L435.3. L435.3. Self-righteous tailor in heaven expelled. Throws God‘s footstool at an old woman thief on earth. *Type 800; BP I 342; Wesselski Bebel I 126 No. 19.

L435.4. L435.4. The beggar on the cross in place of Christ. Is made to leave the cross for his impatience concerning the sinners. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 800A*.

L450. L450. Proud animal less fortunate than humble.

L451. L451. Wild animal finds his liberty better than tame animal‘s ease.

L451.1. L451.1. Tame bird and wild bird. The tame bird tells the wild one to look about him. He is shot. Type 245; Japanese: Ikeda.

L451.2. L451.2. Wild ass envies tame ass until he sees his burdens. Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ST 198), 124 (ST 328); Halm Aesop No. 321.

L451.3. L451.3. Wolf prefers liberty and hunger to dog’s servitude and plenty. *Type 201; Crane Vitry 221 No. 217; Wienert FFC LVI 61 (ET 238), 124 (ST 326); Halm Aesop No. 278; Jacobs Aesop 206 No. 28; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 433; Scala Celi 76b No. 435; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L451.4. L451.4. Parrot prefers cold wet nest in freedom to luxury in royal palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

L452. L452. Ass is jealous of the horse until he learns better.

L452.1. L452.1. Ass jealous of horse, but sees horse later working in a mill. *Chauvin III 50 No. 2; Wienert FFC LVI *56 (ET 171), 94 (ST 78).

L452.2. L452.2. Ass jealous of war-horse until he sees him wounded. Wienert FFC LVI 58 (ET 191), 124 (ST 327); Halm Aesop No. 328; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

L453. L453. Mule carrying corn escapes while one carrying gold is robbed. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 169), 94 (ST 75).

L455. L455. Lean dogs envy arena-dog his fatness. Later see their error. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 169), 94 (ST 75).

L456. L456. Calf pities draft ox: is taken to slaughter, ox spared. Wienert FFC LVI 61 (ET 230), 57 (ET 185), *92 (ST 44), 124 (ST 331); Halm Aesop No. 113.

L460. L460. Pride brought low--miscellaneous.

L461. L461. Stag scorns his legs but is proud of his horns. Caught by his horns in trees. *Type 77; Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 285), 140 (ST 465); Halm Aesop No. 128; *Crane Vitry 254 No. 274; Herbert III 23; Jacobs Aesop 206 No. 25.

L462. L462. Fox destroys nest of bird who boasts of nest‘s warmth. India: Thompson-Balys.

L465. L465. The mule’s double ancestry. When well fed says, ”My mother was a thoroughbred horse.“ Later, hard worked, says, ”My father was a miserable ass.“ Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 275), 94 (ST 80); Halm Aesop No. 157.

L471. L471. The man scorns the storm: killed by it. Type 933*.

L472. L472. Zeus smites Capaneus while he is climbing a ladder. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 367 n. 3.

L473. L473. Pride or wealth of man brought low by actions of gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

L475. L475. Oil lamp blown out: had thought that it outshone stars. Wienert FFC LVI 75 (ET 409), 93 (ST 64); Halm Aesop No. 285.

L476. L476. Jackal singing about his deeds falls down from tree and is eaten by alligator. India: Thompson-Balys.

L478. L478. Gnats having overcome lion are in turn killed by spider. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 75), 92 (ST 57); Halm Aesop No. 234.

L482. L482. Men too prosperous (happy): things are made more difficult.

L482.1. L482.1. Men are too rich: greedy gods created to impoverish them. India: Thompson-Balys.

L482.1.1. L482.1.1. Men are too rich: gold sent below ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

L482.2. L482.2. Men are too rich: weeds created to spoil their harvests. India: Thompson-Balys.

L482.3. L482.3. Men are too proud: snakes created. India: Thompson-Balys.

L482.4. L482.4. Men are fearless: tiger made to frighten them. India: Thompson-Balys.

L482.5. L482.5. Men enjoy themselves too much: disease created. India: Thompson-Balys.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Ordaining the Future

M. ORDAINING THE FUTURE

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

M0--M99. Judgments and decrees

M0. Judgments and decrees

M10. Irrevocable judgments

M20. Short-sighted judgments

M50. Other judgments and decrees

M90. Judgments and decrees--miscellaneous motifs

M100--M199. Vows and oaths

M100. Vows and oaths

M110. Taking of vows and oaths

M120. Vows concerning personal appearance

M130. Vows concerning sex

M150. Other vows and oaths

M200--M299. Bargains and promises

M200. Bargains and promises

M210. Bargain with devil

M220. Other bargains

M250. Promises connected with death

M260. Other promises

M290. Bargains and promises--miscellaneous

M300--M399. Prophecies

M300. Prophecies

M310. Favorable prophecies

M340. Unfavorable prophecies

M360. Other prophecies

M370. Vain attempts to escape fulfillment of prophecy

M390. Prophecies--miscellaneous motifs

M400--M499. Curses

M400. Curses

M410. Pronouncement of curses

M420. Enduring and overcoming curses

M430. Curses on persons

M460. Curses on families

M490. Curses--miscellaneous

M.

M. ORDAINING THE FUTURE

M0--M99.

M0--M99. Judgments and decrees.

M0. M0. Judgments and decrees.

M1. M1. Senseless judicial decisions. *Chauvin VIII 203 No. 245.

M2. M2. Inhuman decisions of king. Fansler MAFLS XII 137; Jewish: Neuman.

M2.1. M2.1. Inhuman decision of king: sends man’s sons to certain death and then murders man. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M4. M4. Deity settles disputes between races. Africa (Fang): Trilles 142.

M10. M10. Irrevocable judgments.

M11. M11. Irrevocable judgment causes judge to suffer first. Has decreed that no one enter a meeting armed. He forgets to remove his sword. Kills himself. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 353; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M12. M12. Irrevocable sentence carried out even when innocence is proved. A knight condemned for murdering his comrade is met by the latter on the way to the gallows. A centurion leads them to the emperor, who condemns all three to death: first because he has been sentenced; second for causing by his absence the conviction of his comrade; third for delay in the execution. Oesterley No. 140; Herbert III 208.

M13. M13. Sentence applied to king‘s own son. Those caught in adultery are to have eyes put out. When king’s son is found guilty he insists on the punishment. He finally compromises by having one of his own and one of his son‘s eyes put out. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 226; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

M13.1. M13.1. Ruler has son beheaded for rape. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M13.2. M13.2. Captain hangs own son for violating order not to enter enemy city. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M13.3. M13.3. Gardener made king by minister decides against him in law case and returns lands to plaintiff. India: Thompson-Balys.

M14. M14. Irrevocable judgment of king upheld. King leaves laws that must be kept until his death. Years later he has his bones sent back to that land to let people know that he is dead and they are free. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M20. M20. Short-sighted judgments.

M21. M21. King Lear judgment. A king flattered by his elder daughters and angered by the seeming indifference, though real love, of the youngest, banishes the youngest and favors the elder daughters. Type 510; BP II 47, III 305; *Cox Nos. 208--226; *Hartland FLJ IV 308; *Oesterley No. 273; Herbert III 201; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 183 No. 124.

M50. M50. Other judgments and decrees.

M51. M51. Decree that hero must wed only a virgin. English: Wells 22 (Sir Beues of Hamtoun).

M55. M55. Judgment: pardon given if hero produces the lady about whom he has boasted. English: Wells 132 (Sir Launfal).

M56. M56. Judgment: thief to be pardoned if he can steal king‘s treasure without being caught. India: Thompson-Balys.

M90. M90. Judgments and decrees--miscellaneous motifs.

M91. M91. Virgin Mary reverses judgments of church. *Ward II 638 No. 5, 651 No. 4, 668 No. 15, 682 No. 21, 704 No. 42, 722 No. 30 and passim; Irish: Beal XXI 315, O’Suilleabhain 41.

M92. M92. Decision left to first person to arrive. Type 613; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 604b n. 31ff.; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 118, Beal XXI 335; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M93. M93. Deity grants woman two sons, one to be wise and ugly and the other a fool and handsome. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 964.

M100--M199.

M100--M199. Vows and oaths.

M100. M100. Vows and oaths. *Penzer X 355 s.v. ”vow“; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 659ff.; *Encyc. Rel. Ethics IX 430ff.; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 198ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish *Neuman.

M101. M101. Punishment for broken oaths. Kristensen Danske Sagn VI (1) (1900) 33ff., (1936) 18ff.; Jewish: *Neuman.

M101.1. M101.1. False swearer not allowed to approach altar. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 485.

M101.2. M101.2. Broken oaths cause of maimed people. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 487.

M101.3. M101.3. Death as punishment for broken oath. Irish myth: *Cross.

M101.3.1. M101.3.1. Death caused by elements (exposure, drowning, etc.) as punishment for broken oath. Irish myth: *Cross.

M101.3.2. M101.3.2. Man offers to sacrifice bangles if he is given a son; when he takes bangles back, son dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

M101.4. M101.4. Broken oath causes girl’s hand to wither. (Cf. D2062.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M101.5. M101.5. Punishment for broken oath: loss of the inheritance of earth or heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

M105. M105. Equivocal oaths. Icelandic: Boberg.

M106. M106. Escape from vengeance caused by broken oaths. India: Thompson-Balys.

M107. M107. Vow fulfilled in next existence. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1221.

M108. M108. Violators of oaths.

M108.1. M108.1. Babylonians do not keep their oaths. Jewish: *Neuman.

M110. M110. Taking of vows and oaths.

M110.1. M110.1. Swearing while one knows that his oath is rendered valueless. India: Thompson-Balys.

M110.2. M110.2. Oath is valid only when decreed in presence of ten. Jewish: *Neuman.

M110.3. M110.3. Oath uttered by pious when in danger of succumbing to temptation. Jewish: *Neuman.

M111. M111. Oaths taken over severed pieces of horse. Pieces are then buried. Greek: Fox 25.

M112. M112. Oath taken on ring. Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 67; Brumer Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte I 258; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M113. M113. Oath taken on arms. Irish myth: *Cross.

M113.1. M113.1. Oath taken on sword. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 20; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 197; Jewish: Neuman.

M114. M114. Oath taken on sacred object. Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M114.1. M114.1. Oath on sacred book.

M114.1.1. M114.1.1. Oath by Tora. Jewish: *Neuman.

M114.2. M114.2. Oath taken on holy stone. (Cf. M119.5.) Icelandic: Boberg.

M114.3. M114.3. Vows taken on holy swine. Icelandic: Boberg.

M114.4. M114.4. Swearing on sacred relics. Irish myth: *Cross.

M114.5. M114.5. Taking oath on cowdung. India: Thompson-Balys.

M114.6. M114.6. Oath by touching sacred thread. India: Thompson-Balys.

M115. M115. Only one oath binding. It must be by so and so or else it is worthless. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV Nos. 6, 8, V No. 4.

M115.1. M115.1. Three-fold oath. India: Thompson-Balys.

M115.1.1. M115.1.1. Oath so heavy it dries up stream; oath so great it splits the rock in twain; oath so violent it makes the tree wither. India: Thompson-Balys.

M116. M116. Oath taken on hand of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

M116.0.1. M116.0.1. Swearing on hand of king. Irish myth: Cross.

M116.1. M116.1. Swearing by saint‘s bachall. Irish myth: Cross.

M116.2. M116.2. Swearing by saint’s bell. Irish myth: Cross.

M117. M117. Vow to perform certain act unless cataclysm occurs. Irish myth: *Cross.

M118. M118. Swearing on a skull. Irish myth: Cross.

M119. M119. Taking of vows and oaths--miscellaneous.

M119.1. M119.1. Swearing by the elements: sun, moon, stars, wind. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Argonautica III 689, Odyssey V 185.

M119.1.1. M119.1.1. Oath by River Styx. Greek: Grote I 56f.

M119.2. M119.2. Swearing by (clan) gods. Irish myth: *Cross.

M119.3. M119.3. Vows taken as an old Norse custom at the festival of Yule. Icelandic: Cleasby and Vigfъsson Icel.-- Eng. Dict. (1874) 853 s.v. ”heitstrenging“; Lagerholm 18, *Boberg.

M119.4. M119.4. Vows taken by placing one‘s foot on a certain post in the hall. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M119.5. M119.5. Swearing on a stone. (Cf. M114.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

M119.6. M119.6. Swearing by ”the Seven Things which they serve.“ Irish myth: *Cross.

M119.7. M119.7. Oath by placing hand on genitals. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

M119.8. M119.8. Oath taken by the life of a person. Jewish: Neuman.

M119.8.1. M119.8.1. Swearing by one’s father and mother. India: Thompson-Balys.

M119.8.2. M119.8.2. Swearing by life of father. Jewish: *Neuman.

M120. M120. Vows concerning personal appearance.

M121. M121. Vow not to shave or cut hair until a certain time. *BP II 431ff.; A. Bugge ”Harald Haarfagres lшfte“ Edda VII 166; Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte I 301; Eitrem Opferritus und Voropfer (Skrifter Vidensk. Selsk. i Oslo No. 1, 1914) 400; Frazer Golden Bough III 194; Kruyt Het Animisme 33; FFC LXXXIII xxiv. -- Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 24, 45, Beal XXI 307, 316; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 308 No. 39; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400B*; Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. ”Achilleus“; Jewish: *Neuman.

M122. M122. Vow: woman not to bind hair till enemy is conquered. Alphabet No. 529.

M125. M125. Vow not to change clothes till a certain time. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 53 No. 400B*.

M126. M126. Vow not to wash till a certain time. Greek: Iliad XXIII 49.

M130. M130. Vows concerning sex. (Cf. M151.2, M152.)

M131. M131. Vow of chastity. Penzer I 67; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 142 No. 117; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: *Grote I 162f.

M132. M132. Vow of virginity. Penzer III 40.

M133. M133. Vow: man will love only a virgin. Malone PMLA XLIII 427.

M134. M134. Prince vows to marry no woman unless he can beat her daily. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M135. M135. Vow never to remarry. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M136. M136. Vow not to marry till iron shoes wear out. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 71 (to Gonzenbach No. 32); *Roberts 137.

M137. M137. Vow never to be jealous of one’s wife. Wells 64 (The Avowynge of King Arthur, etc.); Irish myth: *Cross.

M137.1. M137.1. Woman requires husband free from jealousy. Irish myth: *Cross.

M138. M138. Vow to marry first person performing certain act. India: Thompson-Balys.

M138.1. M138.1. Vow to marry off two daughters to first two men father looks at on the following morning. India: Thompson-Balys.

M141. M141. Vow never to strive against a woman. Irish myth: Cross.

M142. M142. Vow never to carry a woman. Irish myth: Cross.

M145. M145. Vow to wed no man who cannot perform certain feat.

M145.1. M145.1. Vow to wed no man who fears to saddle and mount a lion. India: Thompson-Balys.

M146. M146. Vow to marry a certain woman. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M146.1. M146.1. Vow to marry queen of fairies and not to eat or drink inside kingdom until this is done. India: Thompson-Balys.

M146.2. M146.2. Boy vows to marry none but girl born under the same circumstances as he. India: Thompson-Balys.

M146.3. M146.3. Vow that magically conceived children shall marry (or be friends). India: Thompson-Balys.

M146.4. M146.4. Brother and sister arrange marriage of their unborn children to each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

M146.5. M146.5. Vow to marry none but daughter of certain man. Jewish: *Neuman.

M146.7. M146.7. Vow of enemy chief to marry princess of besieged city. Jewish: Neuman.

M149. M149. Vows concerning sex--miscellaneous.

M149.1. M149.1. Lovers vow to marry only each other. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M149.2. M149.2. Vow to die rather than marry unwelcome suitor. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M149.3. M149.3. Vow to kill more successful rival. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M149.4. M149.4. Quarreling prince and princess vow that if they are married he will desert her on the wedding day and she will make him eat boiled rice and thin broth for six months. It so happens. India: Thompson-Balys.

M149.5. M149.5. Oath to marry daughters only into family with bridegroom for each daughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

M149.6. M149.6. Vow to get stubborn girl half-married only. India: Thompson-Balys.

M149.7. M149.7. Vow only to marry daughter to the man who kills snake by her house. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M150. M150. Other vows and oaths.

M151. M151. Vow not to eat before hearing of adventure. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight § 5; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

M151.1. M151.1. Vow not to eat before learning secret. India: Thompson-Balys.

M151.2. M151.2. Vow not to marry until quest is concluded. Irish myth: Cross.

M151.2.1. M151.2.1. Vow not to reign and to starve to death unless picture‘s original is found. India: Thompson-Balys.

M151.3. M151.3. Vow not to take food or drink until manner of father’s death is learned. Irish myth: Cross.

M151.4. M151.4. Vow not to take food or drink until enemy is killed. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M151.5. M151.5. Vow not to eat or sleep until certain event is brought to pass. Irish myth: Cross.

M151.5.1. M151.5.1. Vow not to eat, drink, or move from position until dead anchorite comes himself to accept necklace. India: Thompson-Balys.

M151.6. M151.6. Vow not to eat or drink before knowing if king is alive. Icelandic: Boberg.

M151.7. M151.7. Heroine will not laugh till arrival of destined hero. (Cf. H341.) Irish myth: Cross.

M151.8. M151.8. Vow not to eat until lost son is found. India: Thompson-Balys.

M151.9. M151.9. Vow not to see friends until quest is completed. English romance: Malory XI 12.

M152. M152. Vow not to go to bed with wife till enemy is killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

M152.1. M152.1. Vow not to kiss anybody until father is revenged. Icelandic: Boberg.

M152.2. M152.2. Vow not to sit on father‘s high-seat until he is revenged. Icelandic: Boberg.

M155. M155. Vow to perform act of prowess. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M155.1. M155.1. Vow to kill wild boar alone at night. Wells 64 (The Avowynge of King Arthur, etc.).

M155.2. M155.2. Vow to find vanished sister. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M155.3. M155.3. Vow never to flee from fire or weapon. Icelandic: Boberg.

M156. M156. Vow to watch at frightful place all night. Wells 64 (The Avowynge of King Arthur).

M157. M157. Vow to ride the forest all night and slay all comers. Wells 64 (The Avowynge of King Arthur, etc.).

M158. M158. Vow never to refuse food to any man. Wells 64 (The Avowynge of King Arthur); Icelandic: Boberg.

M161. M161. Vow never to flee in fear of death. Irish myth: *Cross.

M161.1. M161.1. Vow to attack (kill) the enemy or die. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M161.2. M161.2. Vow to revenge (king, friends, father) or die. English: Malory XX 10; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M161.3. M161.3. Vow to live and die with the king. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M161.4. M161.4. Vow rather to die (on a spear) than to accept grace. (Cf. M165.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II s.v. ”Gnade ausbitten“; Icelandic: Ragnars saga Loрbr. 139-41, *Boberg.

M161.5. M161.5. Rather die than go in the enemy‘s service. Icelandic: Boberg.

M161.6. M161.6. Rather die in battle than in bed. Icelandic: cf. MacCulloch Eddic 305ff., *Boberg.

M162. M162. Vow not to be killed by a single opponent. Irish myth: Cross.

M163. M163. Vow never to make a nocturnal assault. Irish myth: Cross.

M164. M164. Bard vows that none of his profession will make a request of any man. Irish myth: Cross.

M165. M165. Vow to ask nobody for peace, grace. (Cf. M161.4.) Icelandic: Boberg.

M166. M166. Other vows about fighting.

M166.1. M166.1. Vow never to give more than one blow in a fight and never to beat a fallen enemy nor take his weapons. Icelandic: Boberg.

M166.2. M166.2. Vow rather to be cut in pieces than permit oneself to be bound. Icelandic: Boberg.

M166.3. M166.3. Vow to kill anyone who touches his beard. India: Thompson-Balys.

M166.4. M166.4. Vow: never to fight with brother. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1019.

M166.5. M166.5. Oath not to fight relatives of king. English romance: Malory X 44.

M167. M167. Vow to serve only the most generous of all kings. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M168. M168. Vow not to devastate country or take revenge after release. Icelandic: Boberg.

M168.1. M168.1. Vow not to deceive the man who spared one‘s life. Icelandic: Boberg.

M171. M171. Vow never to accept a man who does not know any sport. Icelandic: Boberg.

M172. M172. Vow not to touch certain thing.

M172.1. M172.1. Vow never to touch money and to give what anyone begs for. India: Thompson-Balys.

M172.2. M172.2. Vow not to touch certain tree. Later cannot cross bridge made of this wood. India: Thompson-Balys.

M175. M175. Pledge to say but a single phrase. In carrying out this agreement the men innocently confess a crime. *Types 360, 1697; BP II 561ff.; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 37 No. 44; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M177. M177. Vow to change religion.

M177.1. M177.1. Vow to become a Christian.

M177.1.1. M177.1.1. King swears to become Christian if he wins battle. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M177.1.2. M177.1.2. Oath not to be christened until he has fought in seven battles for Jesus. English romance: Malory X 47.

M177.2. M177.2. Prince vows that he will always be servant of a goddess (Kali). India: Thompson-Balys.

M182. M182. Vow not to enter any house before reaching one’s own. Icelandic: Boberg.

M183. M183. Religious vows. (Cf. M177.)

M183.1. M183.1. Vow to build shrine. India: Thompson-Balys.

M183.2. M183.2. Vow to bathe in the Ganges. India: Thompson-Balys.

M183.3. M183.3. Vow to find Holy Grail before returning to Round Table. English romance: Malory XIII 7.

M183.4. M183.4. Vow to become monk should he escape execution. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 817.

M184. M184. Vow if queen bears another girl she and child will both be killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

M184.1. M184.1. Vow that no daughter born to chief‘s wife will be allowed to live until she bears a son. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 526.

M185. M185. Vow to abide by laws. Jewish: *Neuman.

M186. M186. Vow never to pass over demarcation line into other’s property. Jewish: *Neuman.

M187. M187. Oath to abide by results of lot drawing. Jewish: *Neuman.

M188. M188. Oath not to mention what has been seen. Jewish: *Neuman.

M192. M192. Vow to put to death every king that comes his way unless engaged in marrying a lady at the time he sees them. India: Thompson-Balys.

M193. M193. Vow to destroy kingdom by austerities. India: Thompson-Balys.

M200--M299.

M200--M299. Bargains and promises.

M200. M200. Bargains and promises. India: Thompson-Balys.

M201. M201. Making of bargains and promises.

M201.0.1. M201.0.1. Bargain with God (by holy man). Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

M201.0.1.1. M201.0.1.1. Covenant between Israel and God. Jewish: *Neuman.

M201.0.2. M201.0.2. Covenant between heathen and Israelites. Jewish: Neuman.

M201.1. M201.1. Blood covenant. Contract written (or signed) with blood. Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 272ff., 1026; *Wilken Verspreide Geschriften I 539ff.; *W. Robertson Smith Religion of the Semites@3 270ff.; *Penzer I 98 n.; *Fb ”skrive“; ”blod“ IV 47b; ** H. C. Turmbull The Blood Covenant (London, 1887). -- Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. ”sang“, ”pacte“; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

M201.1.1. M201.1.1. Blood of contractors mixed to seal bargain. Irish myth: *Cross; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 268.

M201.1.2. M201.1.2. Pact with devil signed in blood. (Theophilus.) (Cf. M211.) Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 64; Scala Celi 9a, 135b Nos 58, 749; Wьnsche Teufel 55f.; England, U.S.: Baughman; Irish: Beal XXI 310 --312, O‘Suilleabhain 33f.; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 80.

M201.2. M201.2. Covenant confirmed by eating together. Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 272ff.; U.S.: Baughman; Africa (Fang): Nassau 242 No. 9.

M201.3. M201.3. Spitting of all parties into vessel to seal bargain. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 53; England: Baughman.

M201.4. M201.4. Covenant between saints confirmed by cutting off their thumbs. Irish myth: Cross.

M201.5. M201.5. Covenant confirmed by marriage. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M201.6. M201.6. Covenant confirmed by hostages. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M202. M202. Fulfilling of bargain or promise.

M202.0.1. M202.0.1. Bargain or promise to be fulfilled at all hazards. English romance: Malory VIII 30; Irish myth: *Cross.

M202.1. M202.1. Promise to be fulfilled when iron shoes wear out. *Cox Cinderella 508.

M202.1. M202.1. Prisoner would be set free only after he has used up a pair of harmed shoes. Krappe Philological Quarterly XI (1932) 87f.

M202.2. M202.2. Man keeps word to return to enemy if his mission to his people fails. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M203. M203. King‘s promise irrevocable. Basil Pentamerone I No. 5; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 560.

M203.1. M203.1. King punishes one of his men who robs someone to whom the king has given safe conduct. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M203.2. M203.2. King kills self to carry out own promise. India: Thompson-Balys.

M203.3. M203.3. King sells self and family into slavery to keep promise. India: Thompson-Balys.

M204. M204. Demanding of promised boon postponed.

M204.1. M204.1. Demanding of promised boon postponed until an auspicious moment. Granted anything he may ask, the recipient waits to announce his choice. English romance: Malory VIII 15; India: Thompson-Balys.

M205. M205. Breaking of bargains or promises. India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 561.

M205.0.1. M205.0.1. Promise kept in deed but not in spirit. English romance: Malory X 38.

M205.1. M205.1. Animal punishes broken promise.

M205.1.1. M205.1.1. Turtle carrying man through water upsets him because of a broken promise. Chinese: Werner 367.

M205.1.1.1. M205.1.1.1. Fish (whale) carrying man through water shakes him off when man strikes him with coconut. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 252; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/600).

M205.1.2. M205.1.2. Cat witness to betrothal punishes violator. Kills the man’s son when he has married a different woman. Hebrew: *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 368.

M205.2. M205.2. Curse as punishment for broken promise. Irish myth: *Cross.

M205.3. M205.3. A man who breaks his oath to a woman cannot be king with right. Icelandic: Boberg.

M205.4. M205.4. King breaks promise to care for man‘s family. Is caught trying to steal his money. India: Thompson-Balys.

M206. M206. Promise made merely as a matter of form not binding.

M206.1. M206.1. Host offers to send his guest a cask of the wine he has praised. Later refuses to send it as it was merely a ”verba honoris“. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 308.

M207. M207. Land grants (bargains). Irish myth: *Cross.

M208. M208. Price set on one’s head. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M210. M210. Bargain with devil. Types 310, 313A, 316, 360, 400, 425C, 441, 500, 502, 706, 710, 756B, 810--812, 1170--1199; BP II 164, 329f., 427, 561ff., III 12, *Andrejev FFC LXIX 222ff.; *Fb ”djжvel“ IV 99a, ”blod“ IV 47b.--England, U.S.: Baughman; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 562.

M211. M211. Man sells soul to devil. (Faust, Theophilus.) Types 330, 360, 361, 756B, 810, 812, 1170-1199; *BP II 164, 427, 561ff., III 12; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 46, 50, 223, 227 n.; Lidzbarski Am Urds-Brunnen IV 59 n. 1; Scala Celi 9a, 112a, 135b Nos. 58, 625, 749; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 667; *Fb ”sjжl“ III 215a; Faligan RTP V 1; Alphabet Nos. 50, 467; *Ludorff Anglia VII 60ff.; *Loomis White Magic 112f.; *K. Bittner Die Faustsage im russischen Schrifttum (Reichenberg. i. B. [Prager Deutsche Studien No. 37], 1925); *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 34.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3400, Legends No. 757; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49, 67 Nos. 330, 510, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 70-74, 83f.; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 74; N. A. Indian (Wampanoag): Knight JAFL XXXVIII 134, (Salinan): Mason U Cal X 196.

M211.1. M211.1. Man unwittingly sells soul to devil. He jestingly offers to sell his soul. Devil in disguise buys it. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 280; *Wesselski Mдrchen 245 No. 55.

M211.1.1. M211.1.1. Man goes to well at midnight on Old Christmas to see water turned into wine. Just as it turns into wine the devil takes him, or injures him. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

M211.2. M211.2. Man sells soul to devil in return for devil‘s building house (barn, etc.). Wьnsche Teufel 29-56 passim.

M211.3. M211.3. Man bequeaths soul to devil. U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M211.4. M211.4. Jews must repay devil’s help by giving tribute of persons each year. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1867D*.

M211.5. M211.5. Formulas for selling one‘s soul to devil. England: Baughman.

M211.6. M211.6. Man sells soul to devil for visit home in boat that sails through sky. U.S.: Baughman.

M211.7. M211.7. Man sells soul to devil for magic power to escape capture. Canada: Baughman.

M211.8. M211.8. Man sells soul to devil for devil’s doing one specific job. England, Wales: *Baughman.

M211.9. M211.9. Person sells soul to devil in return for the granting of wishes. England: Baughman.

M212. M212. Devil agrees to help man with robberies.

M212.1. M212.1. Devil as helper of robber refuses to let women‘s ornaments be stolen. They are his own weapons. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 86.

M212.2. M212.2. Devil at gallows repudiates his bargain with robber. Ring turns to rope. The judge cannot find a rope and is about to release the thief because of the miracle. But the ring in the box presented by the devil as a bribe turns out to be a rope. The man is hanged. *Krappe Archivum Romanicum VII 470ff.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 244 No. 54; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M213. M213. Devil as substitute for day laborer at mowing. He mows with a magic sickle. The evil overseer tries to keep up with him and dies of overexhaustion. Type 820.

M214. M214. Devil to help gambler in exchange for one task yearly. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 55 No. 408A*.

M215. M215. With his whole heart: devil carries off judge. The devil refuses to take anything not offered him with the whole heart. He hears the judge (advocate) cursed for fraud with such sincerity that he carries him off. *Type 1186; **Taylor PMLA XXXVI 35ff., also in Bryan and Dempster Sources and Analogues of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales 26974; *Herbert III 592; *Fb ”ridefoged“ III 53b; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 81, 807; *Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (Cambridge, Mass., 1933) 809 (Friar‘s Tale).

M216. M216. Devil bargains to help man become priest. He must not later exorcise him from people. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 50 No. 332.

M216.1. M216.1. The devil helps man study for priesthood. For this, he must promise the devil his soul. Having become a great priest, the man finds means to save himself. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3266, Legends Nos. 400ff.

M216.2. M216.2. The devil makes the herdsman’s son a priest in return for a whistle. After quarreling with the devil, who asked to repair the whistle during Mass, the priest forgets all he learned and does not know how to hold Mass. Is beaten. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3269, Legends Nos. 413f.

M217. M217. Devil bargains to help man win woman. *Loomis White Magic 113; Alphabet No. 64; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 66 No. 508A*, Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda. Cf. Cosquin Йtudes 545ff. (sale of self to magician).

M217.1. M217.1. Servant makes pact with devil denying Christ to secure nobleman’s daughter. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M218. M218. Contract with the devil destroyed. Dh I 140; Alphabet Nos. 64, 467; Irish: Beal XXI 311, O‘Suilleabhain 33.

M218.1. M218.1. Pacts with the devil, sealed in blood, made ineffective by a saint. *Loomis White Magic 75.

M219. M219. Other devil contract motifs.

M219.1. M219.1. Bargain with the devil for an heir. Irish myth: *Cross.

M219.2. M219.2. Devil fetches man contracted to him.

M219.2.1. M219.2.1. Devil appears in great storm, takes away soul of person contracted to him. (Cf. D2141.0.4, D2141.0.5, Q550.1.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

M219.2.2. M219.2.2. Devil flays corpse of person contracted to him. (Cf. Q457.2.) England: Baughman.

M219.2.3. M219.2.3. Man contracted to the devil responds to call by voice: ”The hour has come but not the man.“ England, Scotland: *Baughman.

M219.2.4. M219.2.4. Devil carries off hunt-loving priest. (Cf. G303.17.2.4.) England: *Baughman.

M219.2.5. M219.2.5. Body of devil’s disciple is removed from coffin by devil. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

M219.2.6. M219.2.6. Devil puts body of convert on a sea monster which takes it away. U.S.: Baughman.

M219.3. M219.3. Familiars guard and protect those who have pact with the devil. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 80.

M219.4. M219.4. Familiar devours whoever does not keep pact with devil. Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 82.

M220. M220. Other bargains.

M221. M221. Beheading bargain. Giant allows hero to cut off his head; he will cut off hero‘s later. **Kittredge Gawain and the Green Knight; Irish myth: *Cross.

M221.1. M221.1. Hag offers to run race with men on condition that the one left behind shall be beheaded. Marvelous runner beheads hag. Irish myth: Cross.

M222. M222. Man umpires dispute in exchange for guarantee of safety. Disputants, bear and tiger, agree not to eat him. India: Thompson-Balys.

M223. M223. Blind promise (rash boon). Person grants wish before hearing it. English romance: Malory X 22; Irish myth: *Cross.

M223.1. M223.1. Person who never refuses a request. Irish myth: Cross.

M225. M225. Eyes exchanged for food. A starving man lets himself be blinded in return for food. *Type 613; *BP II 468ff.; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 46, 54; *Fb ”шje“ III 1166b; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

M225.1. M225.1. Horse, clothes, and members of rider‘s body exchanged for food. India: Thompson-Balys.

M226. M226. In return for magic shirt from girl hero is to stay in Ireland for three years. In return he claims her as wife. Icelandic: Boberg.

M231. M231. Free keep in inn exchanged for good story. *Fb ”kro“ II 303a.

M232. M232. Prince to give up life in exchange for learning a secret. Malone PMLA XLIII 405, 413.

M233. M233. Three deformed witches invited to wedding in exchange for help. *Type 501; BP I 109; **Von Sydow Tvе Spinnsagor.

M234. M234. Life spared in return for life-long service. Irish myth: *Cross.

M234.1. M234.1. Life spared in return for poetic mead. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 53.

M234.2. M234.2. Life spared for bringing a dreaded enemy without weapon. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 83 f. (Thor and Loki).

M234.3. M234.3. Life bought for gold. Icelandic: Boberg.

M234.4. M234.4. Life bought with promise of reparations and healing of enemy. Icelandic: Boberg.

M235. M235. Bargain: woman rides naked through streets to obtain freedom for citizens. Godiva. Liebrecht 104; Hartland FL I 207.

M236. M236. Peace bought for husband. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 103, *Boberg.

M237. M237. Bargain to save face. Irish myth: Cross.

M237.1. M237.1. Opponents agree not to fight and are thus undefeated. Irish myth: *Cross.

M241. M241. Bargain: to divide all winnings.

M241.1. M241.1. Dividing the winnings: half of the bride demanded. When the hero shows that he is willing to carry out the bargain, his helper relents. *Type 505--508; *BP III 490; Kцhler-Bolte I 11, 444; *Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte; English: Wells 160 (Sir Amadace); India: Thompson-Balys.

M241.2. M241.2. Dividing the winnings: presents (favors) from man‘s own wife. After the agreement to divide all winnings the first man receives favors (presents, kisses) from the second’s wife. He faithfully delivers them. *Type 1364; Wesselski Mдrchen 187 No. 2; English: Wells 55 (Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight).

M242. M242. Bargains and promises between mortals and supernatural beings. (Cf. M221, M222, M223.) Irish myth: *Cross.

M242.1. M242.1. Mortal fosters fairy child to prevent destruction of crops. Irish myth: *Cross.

M242.2. M242.2. Contract between hungry god and untouchable: to give gods food it they will eat from his hands. India: Thompson-Balys.

M242.3. M242.3. Ogre released in return for his magic girdle. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (Z-G. 13/152, 221, 1314).

M244. M244. Bargains between men and animals.

M244.1. M244.1. Bargain with king of mice. India: Thompson-Balys.

M244.2. M244.2. Captured bird promises to deliver fifteen birds in exchange for freedom. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen 73.

M246. M246. Covenant of friendship.

M246.1. M246.1. Covenant of friendship between animals.

M246.1.1. M246.1.1. Covenant of friendship between elephant and jackal. India: Thompson-Balys.

M246.1.2. M246.1.2. Covenant of friendship between louse and crow. India: Thompson-Balys.

M246.2. M246.2. Covenant of friendship: no matter how poor son of one is, daughter of other will accept him as groom. India: Thompson-Balys.

M246.3. M246.3. Covenant of friendship: to secure brides for each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

M250. M250. Promises connected with death.

M251. M251. Dying man‘s promise will be kept. Fb ”love“ II 452a.

M252. M252. Promise of dying man to bring news of other world. (Or two friends agree that the first to die shall bring news.) *Type 470; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 6, 323 Nos. 112, 113, 329 Nos. 31, 33; Irish: Beal XXI 331f., O‘Suilleabhain 99--102, *Cross; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas VI 123, 311.

M253. M253. Friends in life and death. In pursuance of the pledge, the living follows the other to the world of the dead. *Type 470; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 561; **MacKay The Double Invitation; Jewish Neuman.

M254. M254. Promise to be buried with wife if she dies first. *Type 612; *BP I 128.

M255. M255. Deathbed promise concerning the second wife. Promises his dying wife that he will not marry unless the bride meets the specifications the dying wife imposes. *Type 510B; *Cox 53--79 passim; De Vries Studien over Fжrцsche Balladen 133; Icelandic: Boberg; Danish: Grundtvig No. 135.

M256. M256. Promise to dying man broken.

M256.1. M256.1. Sons break promise to have masses for father’s soul. ”If he is in Hell it will do him no good; if he is in Heaven he won‘t need it; and if he is in Purgatory he can purge himself.“ Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M257. M257. Dying monster’s request and promise. Hero is to drink his blood, suck his eyes and brains, and give his heart to his loved one to eat. He will become marvelously strong and his wife will have three sons and four daughters with great powers. Kцhler-Bolte I 117; Gascon: Bladй I 3, 181; India: Thompson-Balys.

M257.1. M257.1. Dying hero‘s request and promise to disciples. India: Thompson-Balys.

M257.2. M257.2. Murdered person’s request and promise. India: Thompson-Balys.

M258. M258. Promise to dying man sacred. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M258.1. M258.1. Promise to dying father leads to adventures. Type 884; *BP II 56ff.

M258.2. M258.2. Promise to dying father not to wed woman of certain tribe. Jewish: *Neuman.

M258.3. M258.3. Promise to dying father to bury him in his homeland. Jewish: *Neuman.

M260. M260. Other promises.

M261. M261. Chaste woman promises herself to her lover when the rocks leave the coast. (They are moved by magic.) Robinson Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (Cambridge, Mass., 1933) 826 (Franklin‘s Tale); **Dempster and Tatlock in Bryan and Dempster Sources and Analogues of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales 333--56; Irish myth: Cross; cf. Type 976.

M261.1. M261.1. Chaste woman promises herself to her lover when he can make a garden bloom in winter. (Cf. H352.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M261.1.1. M261.1.1. Raja to marry girl when cut mango branch blooms. India: Thompson-Balys.

M261.2. M261.2. Princess promises to embrace her teacher on her wedding day. Teacher has only been testing her promise. India: Thompson-Balys.

M262. M262. Person promises to have but one consort if he is cured. Irish myth: Cross.

M263. M263. Retreat in return for cessation of attack. Host agrees to march back a day‘s journey if warrior will cease his feats of arms upon them until a certain battle in the future. Irish myth: Cross.

M266. M266. Man promises to build church if he is saved at sea. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 145ff., (1931) 107ff.; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 134 No. 85; Italian Novella: Rotunda; West Indies: Flowers 562.

M267. M267. Promise to give another one’s wife for a day. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M268. M268. Marriage promised to save life. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M271. M271. Sons agree to meet at father’s grave after they have been out in world for one year to learn trade. Chinese: Graham.

M272. M272. Supernatural woman promises to return if she gives birth to a boy. Chinese: Graham.

M290. M290. Bargains and promises--miscellaneous.

M291. M291. Trickster undertakes impossible bargains and collects his part. Trusts that in the year he is given either he or the other will die. Chauvin VIII 117ff. No. 101 n. 1.

K551.11. Ten-year respite given captive while he undertakes to teach elephant (ass) to speak.

M292. M292. Wife undertakes man‘s penances for him: also to go to heaven for him? He has a dream and when he sees that she also goes to heaven for him he decides against the bargain. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 287.

M293. M293. Covenant: one nation not to wrest city from inhabitants without their consent. Jewish: *Neuman.

M294. M294. Divine promise not to destroy sinful city if righteous live there. Jewish: Neuman.

M295. M295. Bargain to keep secret.

M295.1. M295.1. Tiger lets man go on condition he does not tell what he has overheard. India: Thompson-Balys.

M296. M296. Two men in love agree to have nothing to do with the girl without the other’s consent. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 153.

M300--M399.

M300--M399. Prophecies.

M300. M300. Prophecies. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. ”Divination“; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 326, 334f.; Schott Weissagen und Erfьllung im deutschen Volksmдrchen (Mьnchen, 1936).

M300.1. M300.1. Prophecy by Jesus that certain people shall live ”till coming of Patrick.“ So it was. Irish myth: Cross.

M300.2. M300.2. Unconscious prophecy. Jewish: *Neuman.

M300.3. M300.3. Prophetic gift received from another prophet. Jewish: Neuman.

M300.4. M300.4. Suppression of prophecy. Jewish: Neuman.

M301. M301. Prophets. **E. Bass Die merkmale der israelitischen Prophetie nach der traditionellen Auffassung des Talmud (Berlin, 1917); *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 66--100; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

M301.0.1. M301.0.1. Prophet destined never to be believed. Greek: Fox 179 (Cassandra); India: Thompson-Balys.

M301.0.2. M301.0.2. Prophet speaks six nights each year. Irish myth: Cross.

M301.1. M301.1. Wild man as prophet. Dickson 121 n. 68.

M301.2. M301.2. Old woman as prophet. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 624; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M301.2.1. M301.2.1. Enraged old woman prophesies for youth. He has accidentally knocked her over (broken water pot, etc.). Type 516; *Cosquin Йtudes 555; *Kцhler in Gonzenbach I 209ff.; *BP IV 189; *Penzer Pentamerone of Basile (London, 1932) I 11; Penzer Ocean V 171; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 100; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M301.2.2. M301.2.2. Old Woman, ”vцlva“, prophesies at child’s birth. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M301.3. M301.3. Druids as prophets. Irish: Plummer clxii, *Cross.

M301.4. M301.4. Prophecies from old man who writes in a book. *Cosquin Йtudes 448ff.

M301.5. M301.5. Saints (holy men) as prophets. *Loomis White Magic 71; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

M301.5.1. M301.5.1. Anchorite prophesies at childbirth. Icelandic: Boberg.

M301.5.2. M301.5.2. Cuchulinn prophesies birth of 50 women. Shall be loyal folk to God. Irish myth: Cross.

M301.6. M301.6. Fairies as prophets. Irish myth: *Cross.

M301.6.1. M301.6.1. Banshees as portents of misfortune. Irish myth: *Cross.

M301.7. M301.7. Biblical worthy as prophet. Jewish: *Neuman.

M301.7.1. M301.7.1. Moses as prophet. Irish myth: Cross.

M301.7.2. M301.7.2. David as prophet. Jewish: *Neuman.

M301.7.3. M301.7.3. Abraham as prophet. Jewish: *Neuman.

M301.8. M301.8. Personification prophesies. Irish myth: Cross.

M301.9. M301.9. Half-wit as prophet. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M301.9.1. M301.9.1. Fool (entertainer) as prophet. Irish myth: *Cross.

M301.10. M301.10. Angels as prophets. (Cf. V230.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

M301.11. M301.11. Spirit as prophet. (Cf. F400.) Irish myth: *Cross.

M301.12. M301.12. Three fates, ”norns“, prophesy at child‘s birth. Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 131, FFC LXXIII xxxvii, *Boberg.

M301.13. M301.13. Icelandic guardian spirits, ”spбdнsar“, prophesy victory. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M301.14. M301.14. Summoned dead prophesies. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 98, *Boberg.

M301.15. M301.15. Mountain in human shape prophesies whole family’s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

M301.16. M301.16. Gods prophesy both good and evil about hero’s fate. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M301.17. M301.17. King as prophet. Irish myth: *Cross.

M301.17.1. M301.17.1. King in will foretells that daughters of his son shall be fruitful. Irish myth: Cross.

M301.18. M301.18. Poet as prophet. Irish myth: *Cross.

M301.19. M301.19. Smith as prophet. Irish myth: Cross.

M301.20. M301.20. Child as prophet. Jewish: *Neuman.

M301.21. M301.21. Sibyl as prophet. Writes on leaves blown about by winds. (Cf. M302.8.) Greek: *Grote I 307.

M302. M302. Means of prophesying. Irish myth: Cross.

M302.1. M302.1. Prophesying through knowledge of animal languages. Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 116; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 87 n. 3.

M302.2. M302.2. Man‘s fate written on his skull. *Penzer VII 24 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M302.2.1. M302.2.1. Fate written on the head. India: Thompson-Balys.

M302.2.2. M302.2.2. Man’s destiny read in his face. Korean: Zong in-Sob 73 No. 40.

M302.3. M302.3. Descent into hell to learn future. Vergil Aeneid Book 6; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 127.

M302.4. M302.4. Horoscope taken by means of stars. *Prato RTP IV 178; *Wesselofsky Romania VI (1877) 161ff.; *Patch Fortuna 76--78 and notes; Dickson 33 n. 15; Fb ”lykkestjжrne“ II 477, ”stjжrne“ III 577b; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. VIII 461ff., IX N. 596--762; *Loomis White Magic 52. -- Irish: Cross, Beal XXI 313; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Graham.

M302.4.1. M302.4.1. Astrology forbidden. Jewish: *Neuman.

M302.5. M302.5. Tasks assigned so as to learn future. India: Thompson-Balys.

M302.6. M302.6. Prophecy inscribed on well. India: Thompson-Balys.

M302.7. M302.7. Prophecy through dreams. Jewish: *Neuman.

M302.8. M302.8. Prophecy from book. (Cf. M301.21.) Jewish: Neuman, Gaster Thespis 348.

M303. M303. Prophecy by reading palm. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M304. M304. Prophecy from enigmatical laugh. (Cf. N456.) Irish myth: *Cross.

M305. M305. Ambiguous oracle. Dickson 132 n. 108; Frazer Apollodorus I 285 n. 4; Gaster Oldest Stories 205; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

M306. M306. Enigmatical prophecy. Irish myth: *Cross.

M306.1. M306.1. Enigmatical prophecy: what thou sowest thou shalt not reap, etc. (Thou shalt have children and they shall not die, etc.) Jewish: Neuman, Gaster Exempla 217 No. 144, Gaster Oldest Stories 205.

M306.2. M306.2. Two sons: one a purse cutter and the other a killer. Wife tells husband that they will make a purse designer of one, and a butcher of the other. Spanish: Childers.

M306.3. M306.3. Enigmatical prophecy: princess will wed physician, fisherman and prince all in one. Man puts on the guise of all three, one on top of another. India: Thompson-Balys.

M306.4. M306.4. Enigmatical prophecy: ”He that is to kill you shall grow up in Braja (a place). India: Thompson-Balys.

M306.5. M306.5. Enigmatical prophecy: “He who will kill your child is not here, but in the village.” Africa (Fang): Tessman 187.

M310. M310. Favorable prophecies. Irish myth: *Cross.

M310.1. M310.1. Prophecy: future greatness and fame. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M310.1.1. M310.1.1. Prophecy: preeminence of man‘s descendants. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M310.1.1.1. M310.1.1.1. Prophecy of preeminence to descendants of man provided they do the will of saint to be born. Irish myth: Cross.

M311. M311. Prophecy: future greatness of unborn child. (Cf. M301.2.2, M301.5.1, M301.12, M359.3, M371.1.) Gaster Exempla 229 No. 242 (Moses); Wells 103 (Alliterative Alexander Fragment); Loomis White Magic 16f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Danish: Grundtvig No. 42; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 24 n. 1 (Zeus and Mitis), Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Achilleus”; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M311.0.1. M311.0.1. Heroic career prophesied for (new-born) child. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M311.0.2. M311.0.2. Prophecy: birth of hero at certain time (in certain place). Irish myth: *Cross.

M311.0.2.1. M311.0.2.1. Prophecy: conception of hero at certain time. Irish myth: *Cross.

M311.0.3. M311.0.3. Prophecy: child to be born. India: Thompson-Balys.

M311.0.3.1. M311.0.3.1. Prophecy: child to be born to childless couple. India: Thompson-Balys.

M311.0.3.2. M311.0.3.2. Prophecy that if raja should take one more queen he will have a son. India: Thompson-Balys.

M311.0.4. M311.0.4. Heavenly voices proclaim birth of future child hero. Jewish: Neuman.

M311.1. M311.1. Prophecy: king‘s grandson will dethrone him. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 167, *Cross; Babylonian: Spence 157.

M311.2. M311.2. Prophecy: child born at certain time will build religious edifice. (Cf. M312.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

M311.3. M311.3. Prophecy: unborn child to be a saint. Loomis White Magic 17f.; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 327, O’Suilleabhain 74.

M311.4. M311.4. Prophecy: unborn child to become king. (Cf. M314.) Irish myth: *Cross.

M311.5. M311.5. Unborn child will become nation‘s deliverer. Jewish: Neuman.

M311.6. M311.6. Prophecy: unborn child will be prophet. Jewish: *Neuman.

M312. M312. Prophecy of future greatness for youth. *Types 461, 517, 725, 930; *BP I 322; English romance: Malory XI 4; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 531; Korean: Zong in-Sob 72 No. 39, 209 No. 98.

M312.0.1. M312.0.1. Dream of future greatness. *Type 725; *BP I 324; Cox 500; MacCulloch Childhood 354; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M312.0.2. M312.0.2. Prophecy of future greatness given by animals. *Type 517; *BP I 322; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M312.0.3. M312.0.3. Prophecy of future greatness if boy lives to be eighteen. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M312.0.4. M312.0.4. Mother’s symbolic dream (vision) about the greatness of her unborn child. Loomis: White Magic 18f; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M312.0.4.1. M312.0.4.1. The dream about a tree which sprouts enormously, indicates the birth of a hero (saint). Loomis White Magic 19.

M312.0.5. M312.0.5. Prophecy: son will tie father to a horse‘s leg and strike him fifty blows. India: Thompson-Balys.

M312.1. M312.1. Prophecy: wealthy marriage for poor boy. *Types 461, 930; **Aarne FFC XXIII; **Tille Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 22a; India: Thompson-Balys.

M312.1.1. M312.1.1. Prophecy: wealthy marriage for poor girl. *BP I 288; *Aarne FFC XXIII 110.

M312.2. M312.2. Prophecy: parents will humble themselves before their son. (Vaticinium.) *Type 517; *BP I 324; Kцhler-Bolte I 145, 430; *Wesselski Mдrchen 221 No. 35; Campbell Sages cxii; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

M312.2.1. M312.2.1. Prophecy: son to be more powerful than father. Greek: Grote I 173.

M312.2.2. M312.2.2. Prophecy: youngest brother to rule over his brethren. Jewish: *Neuman.

M312.3. M312.3. Eater of magic bird-heart will become rich (or king). *Type 567; *BP III 3; **Aarne MSFO XXV 176; Chauvin VI 170; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1138; Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 190.

M312.3.1. M312.3.1. Eater of magic fish will have power to spit up treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

M312.3.2. M312.3.2. Whoever eats outside of fruit will become a king and whoever eats the seed will drop gems from his mouth every time he laughs. India: Thompson-Balys.

M312.4. M312.4. Prophecy: superb beauty for girl. Type 709; Africa (Thonga): Junod II 266ff., (Ekoi): Talbot 401.

M312.5. M312.5. Prophecy: child will build religious edifice. (Cf. M311.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

M312.6. M312.6. Prophecy: boys to be fathers of saints. Irish myth: Cross.

M312.7. M312.7. Prophecy of luck for outcast child. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 828.

M312.8. M312.8. Prophecy: man will make sun and moon stand still. Jewish: *Neuman.

M312.9. M312.9. Prophecy: no people or king will be able to stand up against hero. Jewish: *Neuman.

M313. M313. Man transformed into swine will regain his human form after third marriage. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M314. M314. Prophecy: man (child) will become king. (Cf. M311.4.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M314.0.1. M314.0.1. Prophecy: girl will be queen. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 539.

M314.1. M314.1. Prophecy: son who catches certain fawn will become king. Irish myth: *Cross.

M314.2. M314.2. Prophecy: king will be succeeded by the son whom he shall see next. Sends for elder son, who delays and is preceded by younger son. Elder son is slain next day; younger son becomes king. Irish myth: Cross.

M314.3. M314.3. Prophecy: younger son will succeed to throne. Irish myth: Cross.

M314.4. M314.4. Prophecy of future empire for fugitive hero. Greek: *Grote I 307.

M315. M315. Prophecy: man will eat magic salmon and gain knowledge. Irish myth: *Cross.

M316. M316. Prophecy: strength to be gained when milk is drunk from hero’s skull. Irish myth: Cross.

M317. M317. Prophecy: race will never be without an illustrious woman. Irish myth: Cross.

M318. M318. Prophecy: no snakes in Ireland. Irish myth: *Cross.

M318.1. M318.1. Prophecy: no snakes in Israel. Jewish: *Neuman.

M321. M321. Prophecy: long life. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

M321.1. M321.1. Blessing of saint to descend from generation to generation. Irish myth: *Cross.

M322. M322. Prophecy: person will avenge his own death. Irish myth: *Cross.

M323. M323. Prophecy: victory against great odds. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 183.

M324. M324. Prophecy: future Golden Age. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M325. M325. Prophecy: glory and prosperity for a people. Greek: Aeschylus Eumenides 920; Jewish: *Neuman.

M326. M326. Prophecy: future success as hunter. Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 343.

M331. M331. Princess to marry prince. India: Thompson-Balys.

M340. M340. Unfavorable prophecies.

M340.1. M340.1. Prophecy of grief fulfilled by death of relative (friend, etc.). Irish myth: *Cross.

M340.2. M340.2. Forced prophecies are unfavorable. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M340.3. M340.3. Prophecy of general misfortune to newborn child. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M340.4. M340.4. Bridegroom to meet with disaster if he rides a certain elephant which comes to meet him. India: Thompson-Balys.

M340.5. M340.5. Prediction of danger. Africa (Bankon): Ittman 95.

M340.6. M340.6. Prophecy of great misfortune. Korean: Zong in-Sob 73 No. 40.

M341. M341. Death prophesied. Penzer IV 175f.; Ward II 620 No. 24; Alphabet Nos. 266, 305; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 333; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.0.1. M341.0.1. Saint prophesies that certain man will have a warning of coming death. Irish myth: *Cross.

M341.0.2. M341.0.2. All forty of man’s sons to die at once. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.0.3. M341.0.3. Prophecy of death not to come true if baby is married to girl of twelve years. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1. M341.1. Prophecy: death at (before, within) certain time. Irish: Beal XXI 313, O‘Suilleabhain 37, *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

M341.1.1. M341.1.1. Prophecy: death on wedding day. Type 333*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.1.1. M341.1.1.1. Prophecy: death within year after marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.1.2. M341.1.1.2. Prophecy: death on seventh day of marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.1.3. M341.1.1.3. Prophecy of death upon daughter’s marriage. Greek: *Grote I 146.

M341.1.1.4. M341.1.1.4. Prophecy: death on entrance to the marriage chamber. Moreno Esdras (N389).

M341.1.2. M341.1.2. Prophecy: early death. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.2.1. M341.1.2.1. Prophecy: death of king (before the morrow). Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.2.2. M341.1.2.2. Prophecy of death on twelfth day after birth. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.2.3. M341.1.2.3. Prophecy: death within two months. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 103.

M341.1.2.4. M341.1.2.4. Prophecy: death in three years and three months. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.2.5. M341.1.2.5. Prophecy of only seven days‘ life for baby. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 285, 507.

M341.1.3. M341.1.3. Prophecy: death before certain age.

M341.1.3.1. M341.1.3.1. Prophecy: child shall hang before fifteen years. Fb “hжnge” I 731b.

M341.1.3.2. M341.1.3.2. Prophecy: death before eighteen years. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M341.1.4. M341.1.4. Prophecy: death at certain age.

M341.1.4.1. M341.1.4.1. Prophecy: death at sixteen. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.4.2. M341.1.4.2. Prophecy: danger to threatened newborn boy at his eighteenth year. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.4.3. M341.1.4.3. Prophecy: death when twenty-five years old. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 449*.

M341.1.4.3.1. M341.1.4.3.1. Prophecy: death on twenty-first birthday. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.4.4. M341.1.4.4. Prophecy: man shall hang himself when he is thirty years old. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M341.1.4.5. M341.1.4.5. Prophecy: death at sixty. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.5. M341.1.5. Prophecy: death within certain period. Icelandic: Boberg.

M341.1.5.1. M341.1.5.1. Prophecy: death in ten years. Icelandic: Boberg.

M341.1.5.2. M341.1.5.2. Prophecy that hero will not live another eighteen years. Icelandic: Boberg.

M341.1.6. M341.1.6. Prophecy: death after certain time. Korean: Zong in-Sob 49 No. 29.

M341.1.6.1. M341.1.6.1. Prophecy: death after three life spans. Icelandic: Boberg.

M341.1.6.2. M341.1.6.2. Prophecy: death after two life spans. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M341.1.6.3. M341.1.6.3. Prophecy: death after three-year dominion. Jewish: *Neuman.

M341.1.7. M341.1.7. Prophecy: death at birth of child. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.1.7.1. M341.1.7.1. Death at sight of son before twelve years. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.2. M341.2. Prophecy: death by particular instrument. In spite of all precautions the prophecy is fulfilled. *Basset 1001 Contes II 209; *Krappe Scandinavian Studies 16 (1942) 20--35; Irish myth: *Cross, India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

M341.2.0.1. M341.2.0.1. Prophecy: death by particular weapon. Irish myth: *Cross.

M341.2.1. M341.2.1. Prophecy: death by mistletoe. *Frazer Golden Bough X--XI (Balder the Beautiful); Icelandic: *Boberg.

M341.2.2. M341.2.2. Prophecy: death by storm. *Type 932*.

M341.2.3. M341.2.3. Prophecy: death by drowning. Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

M341.2.3.1. M341.2.3.1. Death by drowning: man strangles to death on drinking water. Irish: Beal XXI 328, O‘Suilleabhain 87; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 136 No. 95; India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.4. M341.2.4. Prophecy: three-fold death. Child to die from hunger, fire, and water. It so happens. *Jackson The Motive of the Threefold Death in the Story of Suibhne Geilt (Essays and Studies Presented to Eoin MacNeill 535--550); Irish myth: *Cross; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 136 No. 96; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M341.2.5. M341.2.5. Prophecy: death by horse’s head. Man is killed in that way. **Taylor MPh XIX 93ff.; Krappe PSASS XVII (1942-43) 20ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

M341.2.6. M341.2.6. Prophecy: death by wolf. Killed by a wolf claw (or by a cat transformed to wolf). Type 333*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 166*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 136 No. 94.

M341.2.7. M341.2.7. Prophecy: death by fire. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 107 No. 9.

M341.2.7.1. M341.2.7.1. Prophecy: sinners to be burnt by fire on Doomsday. Irish myth: Cross.

M341.2.8. M341.2.8. Prophecy: death by poison. Greek: Fox 108 (Pelias and Aeson).

M341.2.9. M341.2.9. Prophecy: death from hands of man with one sandal. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 94 n. 1 (Jason); India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.10. M341.2.10. Prophecy: death from bite of stone lion. Man killed by scorpion concealed in the statue. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 827; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.10.1. M341.2.10.1. Prophecy: death by tiger. Tiger-shaped cake becomes tiger and kills man in spite of all precautions. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.10.2. M341.2.10.2. Prophecy: death from tiger. Tiger picture comes to life and kills man. India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 51 No. 30, 58 No. 33.

M341.2.11. M341.2.11. Prophecy: death by lightning. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 932*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 932*; Russian: Andrejev No. 932*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 449*.

M341.2.12. M341.2.12. Prophecy: death through future husband. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 157 n. 4.

M341.2.13. M341.2.13. Prophecy: death through spindle wound. *Type 410; *BP I 434.

M341.2.14. M341.2.14. Prophecy: death by means of bone. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 8, III No. 3, V No. 5.

M341.2.15. M341.2.15. Prophecy: death at hands of man bearing a certain name. Russian: Afanasief “Tale of Prince Arta” (Moscow, 1897) 149 (cited in von Sydow Fеvne 45).

M341.2.16. M341.2.16. Prophecy: death from thorns in rice. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.17. M341.2.17. Prophecy: king to be slain by certain spear unless it is given when demanded. Irish myth: *Cross.

M341.2.18. M341.2.18. Prophecy: death in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

M341.2.18.1. M341.2.18.1. Hero kept from going to battle lest he be slain. Irish myth: *Cross.

M341.2.19. M341.2.19. Prophecy: death at hands of certain person. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.20. M341.2.20. Prophecy: wholesale slaughter to be inflicted by colossal wheel rolling over Europe. Irish myth: *Cross.

M341.2.21. M341.2.21. Prophecy: death from snakebite. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.21.1. M341.2.21.1. Prophecy (through dream): death from cobra. India: Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.22. M341.2.22. Prophecy: death by calf. Icelandic: Boberg.

M341.2.23. M341.2.23. Prophecy: death by hanging. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 107; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M341.2.24. M341.2.24. Prophecy: death by alligator (crocodile). India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.2.25. M341.2.25. Prophecy: man to be swallowed up by earth at the foot of his stairs. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1220.

M341.2.26. M341.2.26. Prophecy: king’s son to die for lack of water. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 598.

M341.3. M341.3. Prophecy: death in particular place. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

M341.3.1. M341.3.1. Prophecy: death in Jerusalem. Man dies in Jerusalem Chamber. **R. Meyer Gerbertsagnet 89ff.; *Liebrecht Zur Volkskunde 48; Graf Nuova Anthologia (1890) 239; *Fb “lys” II 483b; Alphabet No. 50.

M341.3.2. M341.3.2. Prophecy: death between Erin and Alba. Man dies between two hills so named. Irish myth: *Cross.

M341.3.3. M341.3.3. Prophecy: drowning in particular stream. Irish myth: Cross.

M341.3.4. M341.3.4. Prophecy: death on seashore. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M341.4. M341.4. Prophecy: criminal going to death predicts that his judge (king, prince) shall soon meet him. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 130, 833, 834.

M341.5. M341.5. Prophecy: either youth or mother will die. Prato RTP IV 178.

M341.6. M341.6. Prophecy: person foretells own death. Irish myth: *Cross.

M342. M342. Prophecy of downfall of kingdom. Bшdker Exempler 301 No. 68; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 61 (Awntyrs off Arthure at the Terne Wathelyne); Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M342.1. M342.1. Prophecy of downfall of king (prince). Irish myth: *Cross.

M342.2. M342.2. Prophecy: son-to-be to destroy lineage. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 108.

M343. M343. Parricide prophecy. In spite of all attempts to thwart the fates, the child kills his father. *Type 931; *Krappe Balor 11 n. 37; *Baum PMLA XXXI 481; Krappe Neuphilologische Mitteilungen XXIV 11ff.; Saintyves Saints Successeurs 268--70; Chauvin VI 36 No. 206; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 33, 48f., 63, Grote I 6, 9, 85, 206, 243, 263, 466; Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 166, 372; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 34, 698, II 286, 924; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 414.

M343.0.1. M343.0.1. Parricide prophecy: king‘s successors will be parricides. Irish myth: Cross.

M343.0.2. M343.0.2. Prophecy: mother will be killed by children. S. A. Indian (Kaigua): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 139.

M343.1. M343.1. Prophecy: murder by son-in-law. *Krappe Balor 11 n. 37; Greek: Fox 119 (Pelops).

M343.2. M343.2. Prophecy: murder by grandson. Greek: Fox 33 (Perseus).

M343.3. M343.3. Prophecy: murder by nephew. Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 428.

M343.4. M343.4. Prophecy: wicked couple to be killed by own child. Irish myth: Cross.

M343.5. M343.5. Prophecy: death at hands of parents. Africa (Fang): Tessman 134f.

M344. M344. Mother-incest prophecy. In spite of all precautions the youth marries his mother. *Type 931; *Cosquin Йtudes 451; Hibbard 276; *Baum PMLA XXXI 481; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 49 (Oedipus); India: Thompson-Balys.

M344.1. M344.1. Father-daughter incest prophecy. Greek: Fox 120 (Thyestes); India: Thompson-Balys.

M345. M345. Prophecy: daughter shall commit murder and incest and be sentenced to death. Type 728*.

M345.1. M345.1. Prophecy: girl shall have a hundred lovers, shall marry her servant and die from spider‘s bite. This happens. *Basset 1001 Contes II 208. Cf. Gaster Exempla 246 No. 341; Chauvin VIII 104 No. 80.

M345.1.1. M345.1.1. Prophecy: woman will have many lovers. India: Thompson-Balys.

M345.2. M345.2. Prophecy: man will deceive many women. India: Thompson-Balys.

M346. M346. Prophecy: child to be abducted at certain time. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 546b nn. 109--126; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 6.

M348. M348. Murderer warned by God’s voice that murder will be avenged. *BP II 535 n. 1; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 88 No. 76; Irish: Beal XXI 336, O‘Suilleabhain 123; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 787*; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 205.

M351. M351. Prophecy that youth shall abandon his religion and become Christian. (Baarlam and Josaphat.) *Cosquin Йtudes 27ff.; Ward II 111ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M352. M352. Prophecy of particular perils to prince on wedding journey. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 114; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M353. M353. Prediction by bird that girl will have dead husband. (She disenchants him from magic sleep.) *Cosquin Contes indiens 108ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

M354. M354. Prophecy that child will have external soul. India: Thompson-Balys.

M354.1. M354.1. Prophecy of rebirth as monkey. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 847.

M355. M355. Prophecy: unborn child to be blind, deformed, sickly, etc. Irish myth: Cross.

M356. M356. Prophecies concerning destiny of country. Irish myth: *Cross.

M356.1. M356.1. Prophecies concerning outcome of war. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

M356.1.1. M356.1.1. Prophecy: loss of battle (combat). Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

M356.1.2. M356.1.2. Prophecies concerning fate of heroes in battle. (Cf. M341.2.18.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M356.1.3. M356.1.3. Prophecy: first side to slay in battle will be defeated. Irish myth: Cross.

M356.1.4. M356.1.4. Prophecy: destruction of fortress. Irish myth: Cross.

M356.2. M356.2. Prophecy of a plague consisting of “a flame of fire” which shall destroy three-fourths of the population of Ireland. Plague can be prevented by fasting, etc. Irish myth: Cross.

M356.3. M356.3. Prophecy: unborn (new-born) child (girl) to bring evil upon land. Irish myth: *Cross.

M356.4. M356.4. Prophecy: evil to come to country. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 88; Jewish: *Neuman.

M356.5. M356.5. Prophecy: end of Round Table for Arthur’s knights. English romance: Malory XI 2.

M357. M357. Prophecy: world catastrophe. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 501.

M357.1. M357.1. Prophecy: fiery bolt from a dragon to kill world population. Irish myth: *Cross.

M358. M358. Prophecies connected with journeys. Irish myth: *Cross.

M358.1. M358.1. Evil predictions concerning journeys. Irish myth: *Cross.

M358.1.1. M358.1.1. Prophecy: death on journey. (Cf. M341.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

M358.2. M358.2. Journey to otherworld foretold. Irish myth: *Cross.

M359. M359. Unfavorable prophecies--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M359.1. M359.1. Prophecy: weapons with which man is killed will recount deed to his son. Irish myth: Cross.

M359.2. M359.2. Prophecy: prince‘s marriage to common woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

M359.3. M359.3. Prophecy: unborn child to kill enemy in revenge. Irish myth: Cross.

M359.4. M359.4. Prophecy: torture “with varied tortures.” Irish myth: Cross.

M359.5. M359.5. Prophecy: poverty from birth. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M359.6. M359.6. Prophecy: all flocks will perish and family die. India: Thompson-Balys.

M359.7. M359.7. Prophecy: rich man will have a son but the son will marry a poor girl. Chinese: Graham.

M359.8. M359.8. Deluge prophesied. Chinese: Graham.

M359.9. M359.9. Prophecy of famine. Chinese: Graham.

M359.10. M359.10. Thievery a predestined lot. India: Thompson-Balys.

M360. M360. Other prophecies.

M361. M361. Fated hero. Only certain hero will succeed in exploit. Dickson 132 n. 108; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga Starfsama; India: Thompson-Balys.

M361.1. M361.1. Prophecy: certain hero to achieve Holy Grail. English romance: Malory XIV 2.

M362. M362. Prophecy: death of ruler to insure victory. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M363. M363. Coming of religious leader prophesied. (Cf. M300.1.)

M363.1. M363.1. Coming of Christ (Christianity) prophesied. Irish myth: *Cross.

M363.1.1. M363.1.1. Coming of Antichrist prophesied. Irish myth: Cross.

M363.2. M363.2. Prophecy: coming of Messiah. Jewish: *Neuman.

M363.2.1. M363.2.1. Prophecy: woman to be ancestress of David and the Messiah. Jewish: *Neuman.

M364. M364. Various prophecies connected with saints (or holy men). Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

M364.1. M364.1. Prophecy: saint‘s monastery will be persecuted. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.1.1. M364.1.1. Prophecy: founding of church at certain place by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.2. M364.2. Prophecy: remission of tax through endeavor of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.3. M364.3. Prophecy: saint will succeed in conversion. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.3.1. M364.3.1. Prophecy: sinners going to heaven are to be numbered by hairs in saint’s chasuble. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.3.2. M364.3.2. Prophecy: great numbers (three) to be saved through virtue of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

M364.4. M364.4. Place of saint‘s resurrection prophesied. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.4.1. M364.4.1. Saint’s resurrection to take place where chariot breaks down. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.5. M364.5. Prophecy: vicinity in which saint lost tooth will be deserted by heathen. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.6. M364.6. Prophecy: rainbow will appear at saint‘s death. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.7. M364.7. Coming (birth) of saint prophesied. (Cf. M363.1.2.) Loomis White Magic 17; Irish myth: *Cross.

M364.7.1. M364.7.1. Coming of saint prophesied by druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

M364.7.2. M364.7.2. Coming of saint (Christianity) prophesied by heathen. Irish myth: *Cross.

M364.7.3. M364.7.3. Bishop foretells birth of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

M364.7.4. M364.7.4. Prophecy: unborn child shall be nun. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.8. M364.8. Prophecy: miraculous removal of saint’s bones. Irish myth: *Cross.

M364.8.1. M364.8.1. Saint foretells desecration of his bones. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.9. M364.9. Hero prophesies that one-half of the churches in Ireland shall be named for Ciaran. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.10. M364.10. Destruction and rebuilding of church foreseen by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

M364.11. M364.11. Everyone buried in saint‘s soil shall go to heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

M365. M365. Prophecy: eternal peace in an early death or long troublesome life. (Cf. M369.7.) Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Achilleus”.

M365.1. M365.1. Prophecy: hero may win fame but die early. Chooses fame. Irish myth: *Cross.

M365.2. M365.2. Son to be brave and wise but not to remain and cause mother to weep. India: Thompson-Balys.

M365.3. M365.3. Prophecy: girl will be perfect in love but will die in a desert overcome by separation from her love. India: Thompson-Balys.

M366. M366. Prophecy: hero may win lady’s love but die early. Chooses this rather than long life without her. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga 53.

M367. M367. Prophecy: immunity from certain types of death.

M367.1. M367.1. Immunity from wet or dry, steel or wood, sword or javelin, by day or by night. Man killed at edge of sea, at twilight, with force of sea and thunderbolt. India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 133.

M368. M368. Prophecy: punishment for misappropriation of property. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M369. M369. Miscellaneous prophecies. Irish myth: Cross.

M369.1. M369.1. Prophecies that person will tell three (two) falsehoods before death. Irish myth: *Cross.

M369.2. M369.2. Prophecies concerning love and marriage. Irish myth: Cross.

M369.2.1. M369.2.1. Future husband (wife) foretold. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M369.2.1.1. M369.2.1.1. Prophecy of king taking a cruel stepmother to her sons after her death enacted before eyes of dying queen by sparrow family living in tree by palace window. India: Thompson-Balys.

M369.2.1.2. M369.2.1.2. Prophecy: princess will marry a bastard. Jewish: *Neuman.

M369.2.2. M369.2.2. Prophecy: lovers not destined to meet in life will never part after death. Irish myth: *Cross.

M369.2.3. M369.2.3. Prophecy: marriage when one is twelve years old. India: Thompson-Balys.

M369.2.4. M369.2.4. Prophecy: if the raja marries certain girl he will prosper. India: Thompson-Balys.

M369.2.5. M369.2.5. Prophecy: descendant of mistress shall serve that of handmaid. Irish myth: Cross.

M369.3. M369.3. Prophecy that certain person will fight particular battle. Irish myth: Cross.

M369.4. M369.4. Names of future kings foretold. Irish myth: Cross.

M369.4.1. M369.4.1. Prophecy that bird will become king. India: Thompson-Balys.

M369.5. M369.5. Prophecies concerning invasion and conquest. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M369.5.1. M369.5.1. Signs before destruction of Jerusalem. Irish myth: Cross.

M369.6. M369.6. Time and place of landing of returning heroes prophesied. Irish myth: Cross.

M369.7. M369.7. Prophecy about birth of children. (Cf. M365.) Jewish: *Neuman.

M369.7.1. M369.7.1. Prophecy: birth of twins. India: Thompson-Balys.

M369.7.2. M369.7.2. Prophecy about birth of heir. Jewish: Neuman.

M369.7.3. M369.7.3. Prophecy: sex of unborn child. Jewish: *Neuman.

M369.8. M369.8. Prophecies about children born at the same time. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M369.9. M369.9. Prophecy: king will have head pounded by strange queen. Due to peculiar set of circumstances this happens. India: Thompson-Balys.

M369.10. M369.10. Prophecy: boy to be great hunter. India: Thompson-Balys.

M370. M370. Vain attempts to escape fulfillment of prophecy. (Cf. M341.2.10, M343, M344.) *Type 930; **Aarne FFC XXIII 110ff.; *BP IV 116 n. 10; *Fb “rig” III 55a; *Cosquin Йtudes 27ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Grote I 85; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 109, 428, 598, II 1220; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 202 No. 149; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 103.

M370.1. M370.1. Prophecy of death fulfilled. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 932A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 932I*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVII No. 932*; India: Thompson-Balys.

M370.1.1. M370.1.1. Prophecy wittingly fulfilled by wazir that he will murder the raja, but unwittingly causes his own death twelve years hence. India: Thompson-Balys.

M371. M371. Exposure of infant to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. *Type 930; **Aarne FFC XXIII 56, 91; *Encyc. Religion and Ethics s.v. “Abandonment and exposure”; *Krappe Revue de l‘Histoire des Religions CVII (1933) 126ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 165, 372; Greek: Fox 5, 118; India: Thompson-Balys.

M371.0.1. M371.0.1. Abandonment in forest to avoid fulfillment of prophecy India: *Thompson-Balys.

M371.0.2. M371.0.2. Father throws boy of boy-girl twin birth into river to avoid evil effects of twin birth. Africa (Fang): Tessman 91.

M371.1. M371.1. Exposure (murder) of child to avoid fulfillment of prophecy of future greatness. Parent fears that the child will overcome him. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 167; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 142; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek; Fox 6f.; India: Thompson-Balys

M371.2. M371.2. Exposure of child to prevent fulfillment of parricide prophecy. *Type 931; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 48 (Oedipus); India: Thompson-Balys.

M371.3. M371.3. Murder of child to prevent fulfillment of prophecy of ruin she will bring upon kingdom. India: Thompson-Balys.

M372. M372. Confinement in tower to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. Type 932*; Kцhler in Gonzenbach II 222; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 91 No. 77; Chauvin V 253 No. 150, VIII 105 No. 80; Irish myth: *Cross; Russian: Andrejev No. 932*; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda, Basile Pentamerone III No. 3, IV No. 6; Jewish: Neuman.

M372.1. M372.1. Confinement in iron house below surface of earth to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. India: Thompson-Balys.

M373. M373. Expulsion to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. *Types 517, 671, 725; Kцhler-Bolte I 145; *BP I 322ff.; Cox 500; MacCulloch Childhood 354; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 204.

M375. M375. Slaughter of innocents to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. *Hartland Perseus I 14; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M375.1. M375.1. All male children killed for fear that they will overcome parent. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 41.

M375.2. M375.2. Slaughter of children to prevent fulfillment of parricide prophecy. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 171.

M375.3. M375.3. Child mutilated to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. Irish myth: Cross.

M375.4. M375.4. Wooers slain to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. Irish myth: Cross.

M376. M376. God swallows his pregnant wife to prevent birth of son whom he fears. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 24 n. 1.

M376.1. M376.1. Exposure of pregnant woman to avoid fulfillment of prophecy concerning future child. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M376.2. M376.2. Murder of pregnant woman to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

M376.3. M376.3. Children swallowed one after the other as they are born for fear one of them will overcome father. Greek: Grote I 6.

M376.4. M376.4. Delivery of child fated to rule retarded in order to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. Greek: Grote I 88.

M377. M377. Sword that is to kill one is weighted and sunk so as to avoid the prophecy. (Cf. M341.2.) Icelandic: Boberg.

M377.1. M377.1. Stone that is to kill one powdered and thrown into distant sea. Irish myth: Cross.

M381. M381. Man whose death has been prophesied takes refuge in church, but is accidentally slain through window by arrow directed at stag. Irish myth: Cross.

M382. M382. Futile moving to avoid death. Man told by Death he will die where he stands sells everything and moves to another town. He goes for a ride on a mare which runs away with him and throws him on the spot he so dreads, killing him. India: Thompson-Balys.

M390. M390. Prophecies--miscellaneous motifs. Irish myth: Cross.

M391. M391. Fulfillment of prophecy.

M391.1. M391.1. Fulfillment of prophecy successfully avoided. India: Thompson-Balys.

M391.1.1. M391.1.1. Prophecy of misfortune for prince avoided successfully in one respect. India: Thompson-Balys.

M391.2. M391.2. Wandering skull fulfills prophecy. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M392. M392. Queen dies from fright from evil prophecy. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M393. M393. Favorable prophecies: blessings, beatitudes.

M393.1. M393.1. Child pronounces blessing according to which countries are to be filled with what they are later famous for. India. Thompson-Balys.

M394. M394. Hero’s coming prophesied. Irish myth: Cross.

M395. M395. Prophecy: son of certain name will become king; all sons given the name. Irish myth: *Cross.

M396. M396. Prophecy: meeting will take place only after death. Irish myth: Cross.

M397. M397. Prophecy: hunters will encounter certain wild boar. Irish myth: Cross.

M398. M398. Futility of weather prophecies. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 72, 110.

M400--M499.

M400--M499. Curses.

M400. M400. Curses. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “Cursing and Blessing”; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 326, 328, O’Suilleabhain 73, 88; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 205ff.; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

M401. M401. Cursing match (flyting). Irish myth: *Cross.

M402. M402. Satire. Irish myth: *Cross.

M402.1. M402.1. Woman satirist. Irish myth: *Cross.

M402.1.1. M402.1.1. Woman satirists punished in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

M402.2. M402.2. No one to go security for a satirist. Irish myth: *Cross.

M403. M403. Curse of everlasting terror. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 318.

M404. M404. Unintentional curse or blessing takes effect. Jewish: *Neuman.

M410. M410. Pronouncement of curses. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 119.

M411. M411. Deliverer of curse. India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.0.1. M411.0.1. Curse by oneself. The person in despair curses himself to sink with palace into the earth. Lithuanian: Balys Historical; India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.1. M411.1. Curse by parent. Penzer IV 230 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3591; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Fox 50 (Oedipus), Grote I 247; India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.1.1. M411.1.1. Curse by stepmother. (Cf. S31.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Modern Icelandic: Rittershaus 34, 48, 50, 58, 66, 161, Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxviii ff.

M411.1.2. M411.1.2. Curse by foster mother. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M411.2. M411.2. Beggar’s curse. Beggar is refused request. “May your bread turn to stones!” *Kittredge Witchcraft 132, 452 n. 52; England: Baughman; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 183; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M411.3. M411.3. Dying man‘s curse. Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Aeschylus Agamemnon 235.

M411.4. M411.4. Man pursued by hatred of the gods. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 74ff., *Cross; Greek: Grote I 147; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M411.4.1. M411.4.1. Curse by a god. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M411.5. M411.5. Old woman’s curse (satire). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 106; Italian: Basile Pentamerone

M411.6. M411.6. Druid’s curse. Irish myth: *Cross.

M411.6.1. M411.6.1. Druid‘s curse makes land sterile. Irish myth: *Cross.

M411.7. M411.7. Curse by spirit. Irish myth: Cross.

M411.8. M411.8. Saint’s (prophet‘s) curse. *Loomis White Magic 100f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.8.1. M411.8.1. Saints curse by ringing bells against offender. Irish myth: *Cross.

M411.8.2. M411.8.2. Hermit curses men who kill his pet bear and all the men die. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

M411.8.3. M411.8.3. Curses on places because of offensive answer to saint. Irish myth: Cross.

M411.8.4. M411.8.4. Animals cursed by saint. (Cf. M471.) *Loomis White Magic 100f.

M411.8.5. M411.8.5. Saint curses books hidden by inhospitable host: no man shall read them. Irish myth: *Cross.

M411.9. M411.9. Giantess lays a curse on the one on earth who eventually hears her. Icelandic: Boberg.

M411.10. M411.10. Curse by berserk, giant (ogre). Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.11. M411.11. Curse by girl in revenge of the murdering of her foster father. Icelandic: Boberg.

M411.11.1. M411.11.1. Curse by amazon, “skjaldmжr”. (Cf. F565.) Icelandic: Boberg.

M411.12. M411.12. Curse by witch. (Cf. G269.4.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.13. M411.13. Curse by thrall. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M411.14. M411.14. Curse by priest. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M411.14.1. M411.14.1. Priest curses sinner: even his grave shall not rest. The grave rolls like a wave. U.S.: Baughman.

M411.14.2. M411.14.2. Curse by anchorite. India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.14.3. M411.14.3. Brahmin’s curse. India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.15. M411.15. Curse by monk. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M411.16. M411.16. Fairy lays curse on village. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

M411.17. M411.17. Curse by king. Irish myth: *Cross.

M411.18. M411.18. Curse by poet. Irish myth: *Cross.

M411.19. M411.19. Curse by animal.

M411.19.1. M411.19.1. Curse by wounded animal. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M411.19.2. M411.19.2. Ox curses ungrateful man. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 812.

M411.20. M411.20. Curse by spouse. India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.

M411.21. M411.21. Curse by disguised deity. India: Thompson-Balys.

M411.22. M411.22. Curse by head of religious order. England: *Baughman.

M411.23. M411.23. Curse by other wronged man or woman. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

M411.24. M411.24. Curse on city by sage. India: Thompson-Balys.

M412. M412. Time of giving curse.

M412.1. M412.1. Curse given at birth of child. *Type 410; *BP I 434; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 70 (to Gonzenbach No. 28); Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M412.2. M412.2. Curse given on wedding night. Icelandic: Boberg.

M413. M413. Place of giving curse.

M413.1. M413.1. Curse given from a height. Will fall with full effect on objects at which it is aimed. Irish: Plummer clxxiv, Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M414. M414. Recipient of curse.

M414.1. M414.1. God cursed. Jewish: *Neuman.

M414.2. M414.2. Goddess cursed. Irish myth: Cross.

M414.3. M414.3. Saint cursed. Irish myth: *Cross.

M414.4. M414.4. Four year old girl cursed. Icelandic: Boberg.

M414.5. M414.5. King cursed. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

M414.6. M414.6. Poet cursed. Irish myth: *Cross.

M414.7. M414.7. Hostages cursed. Irish myth: Cross.

M414.8. M414.8. Animals cursed.

M414.8.1. M414.8.1. Mice (rats, cats) cursed. Irish myth: *Cross.

M414.8.2. M414.8.2. Pigs cursed. Irish myth: Cross.

M414.8.3. M414.8.3. Serpent cursed. Jewish: *Neuman.

M414.8.4. M414.8.4. Birds cursed. Irish myth: Cross.

M414.9. M414.9. Curse on wife‘s lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

M414.10. M414.10. Thief cursed. Jewish: *Neuman.

M414.11. M414.11. Man who betrays secrets cursed. Jewish: Neuman.

M414.12. M414.12. Earth cursed. Jewish: Neuman.

M414.13. M414.13. Curse on a deity.

M414.13.1. M414.13.1. Curse: god to live life of a cat for twelve full years in house of huntsman on earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

M415. M415. Irrevocable curse. Penzer VI 103 n. 1, 162 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

M416. M416. Curse given to negate good wish. Odin gives man life three times the normal; Thor ordains that in each he is to commit crime. Odin gives him the choicest weapons; Thor denies him landed property, etc. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 73.

M416.1. M416.1. Curse: appetite of twelve men. Given with the gift of twelve men’s strength. Hartland Science 144.

M416.2. M416.2. Curse: eternal life without eternal youth. Greek: Fox 246 (Tithonus).

M418. M418. Method of cursing.

M418.1. M418.1. Curse by “building a fire of stones” in fireplace. The person who removes the stones is cursed. U.S.: Baughman.

M420. M420. Enduring and overcoming curses.

M421. M421. Release from curse with birth of child. Penzer VIII 59 n. 2.

M422. M422. Curse transferred to another person or thing. Irish: Plummer clxxiii, *Cross, Beal XXI 326, O‘Suilleabhain 73.

M423. M423. Curse removed when victims reform. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M425. M425. Curse changed by God into blessing. Jewish: Neuman.

M427. M427. Curse on everybody on earth who listens to the fatal mentioning of trolls’ names, is evaded by person in cave, because he is in the earth. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M428. M428. Curse mitigated by deity when superhuman task is performed. India: Thompson-Balys.

M429. M429. Miscellaneous ways to overcome curses. (Cf. D2071.1.)

M429.1. M429.1. Release from curse by burning vomit. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M429.2. M429.2. Release from curse by putting pins around horse‘s heart and then boiling it. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M429.3. M429.3. Release from curse by burning animal in straw pile. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M429.4. M429.4. Release from curse by heating the colter of the plow in the stove. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M429.5. M429.5. Release from curse by pricking louse and hanging it on wall. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M429.6. M429.6. Release from curse by putting a five cent piece in the churn. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M429.7. M429.7. Release from curse by putting a piece of silver in the gun. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M430. M430. Curses on persons. Irish myth: *Cross.

M431. M431. Curse: bodily injury. Lagerholm 106--107; Irish myth: Cross.

M431.1. M431.1. Curse: loss of eye. *Type 1331; *BP II 219 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; and notes to J2074.

M431.2. M431.2. Curse: toads from mouth. *Type 403; *Roberts 208; *BP I 99ff. *Fb “tudse” III 889a; India: *Thompson-Balys.

M431.3. M431.3. Curse: fire to burn hands and feet. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 440.

M431.4. M431.4. Curse: arm to fall off. Irish: Plummer clxxiv, Cross.

M431.4.1. M431.4.1. Curse: hand of person cursed to drop off. U.S.: Baughman.

M431.5. M431.5. Curse: wound not to heal. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

M431.6. M431.6. Wicked stepmother cursed to have fire lit under her. Icelandic: Boberg.

M431.7. M431.7. Curse: leprosy. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1050.

M431.8. M431.8. Curse of sterility on wife of enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

M431.9. M431.9. Curse: head to split in seven pieces. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 279.

M431.10. M431.10. Curse: to be plagued by nightmares. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 925.

M432. M432. Curse: to be carried off by evil spirit. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 456; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 547a nn. 127--139.

M433. M433. Endless sleep given Endymion. Greek: Fox 245.

M434. M434. Curse: to be swallowed by a siren. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

M435. M435. Curse: not to taste food from own table. Food always seized by harpies. Greek: Fox 111.

M436. M436. Curse: prince to fall in love with witch‘s daughter. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 7.

M437. M437. Curse: monstrous birth.

M437.1. M437.1. Curse: “What I carry may you carry; what you carry may I carry.” Cat thus causes ungrateful pregnant woman to bear cats and herself to bear twin girls. India: Thompson-Balys.

M437.2. M437.2. Jealous sisters curse the child one of them may have by the god Thor, so that it never will grow nor thrive. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M438. M438. Curse: humiliation. Irish myth: Cross.

M438.1. M438.1. Curse: man (poet) to kiss a leper. Irish myth: *Cross.

M438.2. M438.2. Curse: hero not to be able to stand the sight of blood. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M438.3. M438.3. Girl bewitched so that no man will remain faithful to her. Icelandic: Boberg.

M438.4. M438.4. Curse: hero to remain as dead till the curser dies. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M438.5. M438.5. Dying father condemns weak son to be servant of his brothers. Irish myth: Cross.

M441. M441. Curse: failure in all undertakings. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M441.1. M441.1. Curse: man’s sword will fail in danger. Icelandic: Boberg.

M441.1.1. M441.1.1. Curse: when brothers‘ swords bite the very best, they will all be killed by a single man. Icelandic: Boberg.

M442. M442. Curse: deformity. Irish myth: Cross.

M442.1. M442.1. Curse: descendants to be unshapely. Irish myth: *Cross.

M442.2. M442.2. Curse: she-wolf to carry off man’s genitals. Irish myth: *Cross.

M443. M443. Curse: privation. Irish myth: Cross.

M443.1. M443.1. Curse: lack of food, shelter, good company. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

M444. M444. Curse of childlessness.

M444.1. M444.1. Curse laid on unborn child; it is stillborn. India: Thompson-Balys.

M445. M445. Giant cursed: may neither heaven nor earth receive him. Irish myth: Cross.

M446. M446. Curse: undertaking dangerous quest. Icelandic: *Boberg.

M446.1. M446.1. Curse: undertaking dangerous revenge of father. Icelandic: Boberg.

M448. M448. Curse: to sink into the earth. Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 91; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 585.

M448.1. M448.1. Curse: ground shall swallow children. India: Thompson-Balys.

M451. M451. Curse: death. England, U.S.: *Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 126.

M451.1. M451.1. Death by suicide. England, Wales: *Baughman.

M451.2. M451.2. Death by drowning. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

M452. M452. Curse: insanity. U.S., Wales: Baughman.

M453. M453. Curse: corpse to be put in three different places after person‘s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

M454. M454. Curse: change of sex. India: *Thompson-Balys.

M455. M455. Curse: restlessness. (Cf. K1837.4.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Lagerholm lxi--ii.

M455.1. M455.1. Hero cursed to restlessness (except on boat or in tent), till he sees girl. (Cf. D1900.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

M455.2. M455.2. Curse: not to be able to love the same woman more than twelve months. Icelandic: Boberg.

M455.3. M455.3. Thrall cursed to sit on chest and yell and never have rest. Icelandic: Lagerholm 99--100, *Boberg.

M455.4. M455.4. Curse: couple to wander until new seat of race is pointed out. India: Thompson-Balys.

M458. M458. Curse of petrifaction. India: Thompson-Balys.

M459. M459. Miscellaneous curses on persons.

M459.1. M459.1. Curse: woman will not travel far. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M460. M460. Curses on families. Irish: Plummer clxxiv, *Cross; England, Wales, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 120 (Tantalus), Grote I 244f. (Oedipus); Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 108.

M460.1. M460.1. Curse: children will be sick. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M461. M461. Curse: descendants of nine robbers never to exceed nine. Irish: Cross, Plummer clxxiv.

M461.1. M461.1. Curse on village: descendants never to exceed certain number. (Cf. M475.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

M462. M462. Curse: race to lose sovereignty. Irish myth: *Cross; U.S.: Baughman.

M463. M463. Curse on tribe (district). Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

M464. M464. Curse of a woman against her caste: they should remain unclothed and untaught. India: Thompson-Balys.

M470. M470. Curses on objects or animals.

M471. M471. Curses on animals. (Cf. M411.8.4.) U.S.: Baughman.

M471.1. M471.1. Curse: cow will give red milk. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M471.1.1. M471.1.1. Curse: milk will not turn to butter. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M471.2. M471.2. Cursing to make pigs lean. Irish myth: Cross; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M471.3. M471.3. Curse: horses will die. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M471.3.1. M471.3.1. Curse: horse will be lame. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

M474. M474. Curse on land. U.S.: *Baughman.

M475. M475. Curse on a city. (Cf. M461.1.) Irish myth: *Cross (M430.0.1).

M475.1. M475.1. Curse on a city: never to grow. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 691.

M476. M476. Curse on river. Irish myth: Cross.

M476.1. M476.1. Curse on river or sea: no fish in it from that day. Irish myth: *Cross.

M477. M477. Curse on lake.

M477.1. M477.1. Curse on lake: fire from lake will burn the forest around it. Icelandic: Boberg.

M490. M490. Curses--miscellaneous.

M491. M491. Presence of cursed person brings disaster to land. Greek: Fox 50, 55.

M493. M493. Whomsoever demons curse is blessed, and vice versa. Irish myth: Cross.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Chance and Fate

N. CHANCE AND FATE

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

N0--N99. Wagers and gambling

N0. Wagers and gambling

N10. Wagers on wives, husbands, or servants

N50. Other wagers

N90. Wagers and gambling--miscellaneous

N100--N299. The ways of luck and fate

N100--N169. Nature of luck and fate

N100. Nature of luck and fate

N110. Luck and fate personified

N120. Determination of luck or fate

N130. Changing of luck or fate

N140. Nature of luck and fate--miscellaneous motifs

N170. The capriciousness of luck

N200. The good gifts of fortune

N250. Persistent bad luck

N270. Crime inevitably comes to light

N300--N399. Unlucky accidents

N300. Unlucky accidents

N310. Accidental separations

N320. Person unwittingly killed

N330. Accidental killing or death

N340. Hasty killing or condemnation

N350. Accidental loss of property

N360. Man unwittingly commits crime

N380. Other unlucky accidents

N400--N699. Lucky accidents

N410--N439. Lucky business ventures

N440--N499. Valuable secrets learned

N440. Valuable secrets learned

N450. Secrets overheard

N500--N599. Treasure trove

N500. Treasure trove

N510. Where treasure is found

N530. Discovery of treasure

N550. Unearthing hidden treasure

N570. Guardian of treasure

N590. Treasure trove--miscellaneous motifs

N600--N699. Other lucky accidents

N610. Accidental discovery of crime

N620. Accidental success in hunting or fishing

N630. Accidental acquisition of treasure or money

N640. Accidental healing

N650. Life saved by accident

N680. Lucky accidents--miscellaneous

N700--N799. Accidental encounters

N700. Accidental encounters

N710. Accidental meeting of hero and heroine

N730. Accidental reunion of families

N760. Other accidental encounters

N770. Experiences leading to adventures

N800--N899. Helpers

N800. Helpers

N810. Supernatural helpers

N820. Human helpers

N.

N. CHANCE AND FATE

N0--N99.

N0--N99. Wagers and gambling.

N0. N0. Wagers and gambling. *Penzer II 232 n., VII 72 n. 2; Paton Encyc. Rel. and Ethics s.v. “Gambling”; *Fb “kort” II 278; Jewish: *Neuman.

N1. N1. Gamblers. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 70--73, 210; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman.

N1.0.1. N1.0.1. Gambling caused by possession of men by evil demons. India: Thompson-Balys.

N1.1. N1.1. Hero makes fortune through gambling. Scotch: Campbell Tales II 253, 271.

N1.2. N1.2. Conquering gambler. Bankrupt gambler gets supernatural power and wins back his fortune. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 276, (Zuсi): Benedict II 342, (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 5.

N1.2.1. N1.2.1. The miracle of broken die at gambling saves man. Krappe Hispanic Review XIV (1946) 164ff.

N1.2.2. N1.2.2. Dice made from bones from graveyard. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N1.3. N1.3. Betting contest between two kings. Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 8.

N2. N2. Extraordinary stakes at gambling. Irish myth: Cross.

N2.0.1. N2.0.1. Play for unnamed stakes. Irish myth: *Cross; Scottish: Campbell-McKay Nos. 1, 17.

N2.0.2. N2.0.2. Stakes not claimed by winner, who insists on another game. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 17.

N2.1. N2.1. Own body as stake: to be taken as slave. Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 882; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 277.

N2.2. N2.2. Lives wagered. *Fb “spille” III 487b; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Burmese: Scott Indo-Chinese 323; Hawaii Beckwith Myth 111, 459; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 277; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 71 No. 15.

N2.3. N2.3. Bodily members wagered.

N2.3.1. N2.3.1. Head wagered. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N2.3.2. N2.3.2. Hand wagered. To be cut off. Penzer II 232n.

N2.3.2.1. N2.3.2.1. Hands and feet wagered. India: Thompson-Balys.

N2.3.3. N2.3.3. Eyes wagered. *Type 613; Christiansen FFC XXIV 48ff., 55; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 82.

N2.3.4. N2.3.4. Nose wagered. India: Thompson-Balys.

N2.3.5. N2.3.5. Intestines wagered. Africa (Wute): Sieber 212f.

N2.4. N2.4. Helpful animals lost in wager. India: Thompson-Balys.

N2.5. N2.5. Whole kingdom (all property) as wager. *Fb “spille” III 487b, “konge” II 264b; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 429.

N2.5.1. N2.5.1. Right of succession to the throne lost in gambling. India: Thompson-Balys.

N2.5.2. N2.5.2. Half kingdom as wager. India: Thompson-Balys.

N2.6. N2.6. Wife as wager. *Fb “spille” III 487b; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 216 No. 165; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 354 n. 276.

N2.6.1. N2.6.1. Sister as wager. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N2.6.2. N2.6.2. Daughter as wager. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N2.6.3. N2.6.3. Damsel as wager. India: Thompson-Balys.

N2.7. N2.7. Love wagered in game. Danish: Grundtvig No. 238; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N3. N3. Supernatural adversary in gambling (witch or giant). Norse: Boberg.

N3.1. N3.1. Gambling with a god. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Zuсi) *Benedict II 338.

N4. N4. Devil as gambler. Fb “kort” II 279a, “klцr” II 204; Alphabet No. 450; Scala Celi 110b, 111a Nos. 615, 616; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 33, 36, Beal XXI 311, 313; Missouri French: Carriиre.

N4.0.1. N4.0.1. Devil cheated at card playing. Fb “fanden” I 267b.

N4.1. N4.1. Devil makes wager with builder of Cologne Cathedral. Wьnsche 83f.

N4.2. N4.2. Playing game of chance (or skill) with uncanny being. Irish myth: *Cross.

N5. N5. Card-playing parson. The parson plays cards all Saturday night, goes to sleep at church, and calls out the names of the cards. Type 1839A; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1785E*. Cf. Type 1839B.

N6. N6. Luck in gambling.

N6.1. N6.1. Luck in gambling from compact with devil. Scala Celi 24a No. 154; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 55 No. 408A*, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 70--73.

N6.2. N6.2. Cuckold loses luck. A man‘s wife is deceived in order that he may lose in gambling. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 81.

N6.3. N6.3. Saint helps gambler. Icelandic: Boberg.

N7. N7. Trained rat upsets pieces in gambling game: trained (or transformed) cat chases it away. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N8. N8. Gambler’s attention distracted by women. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N9. N9. Wagers and gambling--miscellaneous.

N9.1. N9.1. Gambler loses everything. (Cf. N2.5.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

N10. N10. Wagers on wives, husbands, or servants.

N11. N11. Wager on wife‘s complacency. Though the man has foolishly bargained everything away, she praises him and he wins the wager. Type 1415; *BP II 199; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 187 n. 131.

N12. N12. Wager on the most obedient wife. The husband tames his shrewish wife so that he wins the wager. *Type 901; *Wesselski Mдrchen 216 No. 24; von der Hagen I lxxxii; *Kцhler-Bolte I 137; Shakespeare‘s “The Taming of the Shrew”; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Boas JAFL XXXV 76.

N12.1. N12.1. Wager: raja’s daughter will bring servant dinner in field. Merchant ignorant that she is his wife. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N13. N13. Husbands wager that they will be able to do what wives tell them to do. One is told to drown himself: loses wager. England: Baughman.

N15. N15. Chastity wager. A man makes a wager on his wife‘s chastity. In spite of unsuccessful attempts to seduce her and of false proofs presented, he wins the wager. *Type 882; *Kцhler-Bolte I 211f., 375, 581; **G. Paris Romania XXXII 481ff.; *von der Hagen III lxxxiii; Boccaccio Decameron II No. 9 (Lee 42); Shakespeare’s “Cymbeline”; *Child V 500 s.v. “wager”.--Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 110; England: Baughman; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 276ff., III 109, 304; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 62, 253ff.

N15.1. N15.1. Chastity wager: woman succumbs. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 51.

N15.2. N15.2. Wager on nun’s chastity. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 996.

N16. N16. Wagers on unborn children.

N16.1. N16.1. Wager on sex of unborn child. India: Thompson-Balys.

N16.2. N16.2. Fathers whose unborn children are affianced wager as to mastery in the house. (Cf. N12.) India: Thompson-Balys.

N25. N25. Wager on truthfulness of servant. The servant is sent to a neighbor‘s where he is made drunk and is seduced by the neighbor’s wife. He tells the master all. *Type 889; Wesselski Mдrchen 200; Wesselski Mцnchslatein I No. 1; Fb “lyve” II 491a, “sandhed” III 157b; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N50. N50. Other wagers.

N51. N51. Wager: who can call three tree names first. The bear names different varieties of the same tree, so that the fox wins the wager. *Type 7; Dh I 193; Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 65ff.; Fb “trж” III 867b; N. A. Indian (San Carlos Apache): cf. Goddard PaAM XXIV 24.

N51.1. N51.1. Wager about tree names: learned and common names. Brahmin gives learned names but servant‘s common names are confirmed by illiterate peasants. India: Thompson-Balys.

N53. N53. Wager: it is an auspicious day. In spite of all misfortunes wagerer insists that he is right. (Cf. N127.) India: Thompson-Balys.

N55. N55. Shooting contest on wager. *Type 592; *BP II 490ff.; Spanish: Espinosa III 153.

N55.1. N55.1. Loser of shooting wager to go naked into thorns for bird. *Type 592; *BP II 490ff.

N56. N56. Wager: woman to turn somersault in middle of public square. It is performed not exactly in the center of the square; hence she loses. India: Thompson-Balys.

N61. N61. Wager that falsehood is better than truth. Left to unjust umpire, so that falsehood wins. *Type 613; *BP II 468ff.; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 47; Chauvin V 11 No. 8, 13 No. 9, 14 No. 158; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 489; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 395.

N63. N63. Wager: more doctors than men of other professions. The trickster feigns toothache. Everyone suggests remedies. He takes down their names as doctors and wins the wager. *Wesselski Gonnella 110 No. 11; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N66. N66. Wager: fortune made from capital or from working at vocation. Test: money given to workman is stolen or lost; lead for his work given him is lent to fisherman who rewards him with a fish in which is a diamond. *Chauvin VI 32 No. 202.

N67. N67. Wager: woman can be forced to give alms. Trickster announces that only those who have deceived their husbands are exempt. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N71. N71. Wager: to begin sermon with illustration from card-playing. Card-playing parson wins the wager. Type 1839B.

N72. N72. Wager on second marvelous object. First object has proved to be ordinary. King induced to make large wager that second is ordinary. He loses. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N73. N73. Wager: whose hunger is it more difficult to appease--that of man or that of beast? When nuts are strewn before master’s well-fed guests, they snatch and eat them. Herdsman wins wager. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1545*.

N75. N75. Wager: to swallow egg with one gulp. Tricksters give numskull egg with chick in it. Fool hears chick peep as he starts to swallow his egg, but he says that the chick peeped too late. Spanish: Childers.

N77. N77. Wager: bullock to defeat elephant. Elephant is frightened and flees. India: Thompson-Balys.

N78. N78. Ghoulish wager won. England: *Baughman.

N90. N90. Wagers and gambling--miscellaneous.

N91. N91. Purchase of box without knowledge of its contents. *Chauvin VI 17 No. 189 n. 2.

N92. N92. Wager to win or lose according to whether jackal howls or ass brays before game is finished. India: Thompson-Balys.

N94. N94. Father hides wealth to keep son from gambling it away. India: Thompson-Balys.

N100--N299.

N100--N299. The ways of luck and fate.

N100--N169.

N100--N169. NATURE OF LUCK AND FATE

N100. N100. Nature of luck and fate. Penzer V 182f.; *Kцhler Aufsдtze 99ff.; *Patch Fortuna 78; Irish myth: Cross.

N101. N101. Inexorable fate. *Cosquin Contes Indiens 126f.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 63 s.v. Fatalismus; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N101.1. N101.1. Inexorable fate: no day without sorrow. A king, who has made decree against sorrow on a certain day is blinded by a swallow in his sleep. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 481.

N101.2. N101.2. Inexorable fate: death from violating tabus. (Cf. C920.) Irish myth: *Cross.

N101.3. N101.3. Man cannot die: snake will not bite him though it is provoked by him. (Cf. N146.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1030.

N101.4. N101.4. Man fated to become king becomes so despite fact he breaks his tooth in which his luck resides. (Cf. N113.2.2.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 860.

N102. N102. Fortune comes to deserving and undeserving. Jewish: Neuman.

N110. N110. Luck and fate personified.

N111. N111. Fortuna. Luck (fate) thought of as a goddess. **Patch Fortuna; *Penzer I 106f., 135, II 49, 116, III 24, 74, 298, VI 42, 72, 105 n. 1, 124, 156, 159, VII 70, VIII 87; Frazer Pausanias III 424; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N111.1. N111.1. Dwelling place of Fortuna.

N111.1.1. N111.1.1. Home of Fortuna in other world. Patch PMLA XXXIII 630.

N111.1.2. N111.1.2. Home of Fortuna on island (in otherworld). *Kцhler-Bolte II 412f.; *Patch Fortuna 129ff.; Hartland Science 199.

N111.2. N111.2. Appearance of Fortuna.

N111.2.1. N111.2.1. Fortuna blind. *Patch Fortuna 44 n. 2.

N111.2.1.1. N111.2.1.1. Fortune has one eye, watches over everybody. India: Thompson-Balys.

N111.2.2. N111.2.2. Fortuna with two faces. *Patch Fortuna 43 nn. 3, 4.

N111.2.3. N111.2.3. Fortuna half white, half black. *Patch Fortuna 43 n. 4.

N111.3. N111.3. Fortune‘s wheel. **Patch Fortuna 147ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte II 66; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 122, Beal XXI 336; Jewish: *Neuman.

N111.3.1. N111.3.1. Fortune‘s wheel turned by dead king in mountain. Armenian: Ananikian 34.

N111.3.2. N111.3.2. Fortune with pair of scales in his hands weighs man’s balance. India: Thompson-Balys.

N111.4. N111.4. Fortune‘s dealings with men.

N111.4.1. N111.4.1. Man thanks earth for saving his life; had he fallen into well he would have blamed Fortune. Wienert FFC LVI 81 (ET 470), 125 (ST 341); Halm Aesop No. 316; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N111.5. N111.5. Giant is clerk to God of Destiny and measures out mortals’ spans of existence. India: Thompson-Balys.

N112. N112. Bad luck personified.

N112.1. N112.1. Bad luck put into a sack. Kцhler-Bolte I 258.

N113. N113. Good luck personified.

N113.1. N113.1. Good fortune resides in an object. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1138.

N113.1.1. N113.1.1. Casket with Good Luck in it given to men by Zeus. Wienert FFC LVI 36; *Babrius No. 58.

N113.2. N113.2. Personification of Good Luck lives in man‘s forehead. India: Thompson-Balys.

N113.2.1. N113.2.1. Lucky right hand. Gaster Thespis 174.

N113.2.2. N113.2.2. Man’s luck resides in his tooth. (Cf. N101.4.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 860.

N113.3. N113.3. Personification of Good Luck leaves palace since king is destined to die that night. India: Thompson-Balys.

N113.4. N113.4. Luck can be found in certain place. India: Thompson-Balys.

N114. N114. Fortune as an old woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

N115. N115. Book of fate. India: *Thompson-Balys; Gaster Thespis 348.

N118. N118. Issues left to fate (luck).

N118.1. N118.1. Ship‘s course left to the winds that it might be carried where fate wills it. India: Thompson-Balys.

N119. N119. Luck and fate personified--miscellaneous.

N119.1. N119.1. Dog tries to catch its fate in its own tail. India: Thompson-Balys.

N119.2. N119.2. Buffalo’s fate in bamboo growing from head. India: Thompson-Balys.

N119.3. N119.3. Ill-omened face of king; harbinger of evil. India: Thompson-Balys.

N120. N120. Determination of luck or fate.

N121. N121. Fate decided before birth. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

N121.1. N121.1. Child born with objects that indicate fate. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

N121.1.1. N121.1.1. Spirit of new-born child in uniform. God has determined fates of everyone. Type 934*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 934C*; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 934I.

N121.1.2. N121.1.2. New-born child with a weapon and a game animal: fated to be hunter. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

N121.2. N121.2. Death forestalls evil fates. Mother shown what would have been the evil fates of her children if they had not died. BP III 472ff.; Irish: Beal XXI 336, O’Suilleabhain 120.

N121.3. N121.3. Newborn girl fated to be a courtesan. India: Thompson-Balys.

N121.4. N121.4. Seventh daughter predestined to be magician. (Cf. Z71.5.) Argentina: Jijena Sanchez 54, 64; Spain: ibid. 69; Portugal: ibid. 70.

N122. N122. Lucky or unlucky places.

N122.0.1. N122.0.1. The choice of roads. At parting of three roads are equivocal inscriptions telling what will happen if each is chosen. Brothers each choose a different road. Kцhler-Bolte I 537ff.; India Thompson-Balys.

N122.1. N122.1. Unlucky places. Jewish: *Neuman.

N125. N125. Choices by chance.

N125.1. N125.1. He upon whom feather (wisp) falls to be king‘s fool. Irish myth: Cross.

N125.2. N125.2. Luck determined by whether a crooked-necked demigod is looking at one. India: Thompson-Balys.

N125.3. N125.3. King to be victorious as long as he rides muzzled gelding. Irish myth: Cross.

N125.4. N125.4. Districts named from first person met in each. Irish myth: Cross.

N126. N126. Lots cast to determine luck or fate. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

N126.1. N126.1. Lots cast to determine who shall undertake adventure. Irish myth: Cross.

N126.2. N126.2. Lots cast to determine father of illegitimate child. Irish myth: *Cross.

N127. N127. The auspicious (lucky) day (days). (Cf. N53.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

N127.0.1. N127.0.1. Different kinds of luck attending persons born on the several days of the week. Irish myth: *Cross.

N127.1. N127.1. Tuesday as auspicious day. Irish myth: *Cross.

N127.2. N127.2. Wednesday as auspicious (inauspicious) day. Irish myth: *Cross.

N127.3. N127.3. Thursday as lucky day. Irish myth: Cross.

N127.4. N127.4. Friday as auspicious day. Irish myth: *Cross.

N128. N128. Unlucky days (“cross-days”). Irish myth: *Cross.

N128.0.1. N128.0.1. Days of the week on which certain tragic deaths occurred. Irish myth: *Cross.

N128.1. N128.1. National disasters occur always at the same date. Jewish: Neuman.

N128.2. N128.2. Monday and Wednesday as unlucky days. Jewish: Neuman.

N130. N130. Changing of luck or fate.

N131. N131. Acts performed for changing luck. *Fb “lykke” II 474f.

N131.1. N131.1. Luck changing after cohabitation. Icelandic: Bуsasaga 23, Hrolfs saga Kraka 96ff.

N131.2. N131.2. Turning right-handwise in certain place brings luck. Irish myth: Cross.

N131.3. N131.3. Spilling salt brings bad luck.

N131.3.1. N131.3.1. Judas Iscariot spills salt at the Last Supper. England: Baughman.

N131.4. N131.4. Luck changing after change of name. Jewish: *Neuman.

N131.5. N131.5. Luck changing after change of place. Jewish: *Neuman.

N134. N134. Persons effect change of luck. Irish myth: Cross.

N134.1. N134.1. Persons bring bad luck. Jewish: *Neuman.

N134.1.1. N134.1.1. Unlucky to have man in house while cloth is being dyed. Irish myth: Cross.

N134.1.2. N134.1.2. Wife brings bad luck to the husband’s family. India: Thompson-Balys.

N134.1.3. N134.1.3. Persons lose luck as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

N134.1.4. N134.1.4. Spirit of adversity brings bad luck to house. India: Thompson-Balys.

N134.1.5. N134.1.5. Passenger brings bad luck to ship. Cast overboard. Jonah. (Cf. S264.1.)

N135. N135. Objects effect change of luck. India: Thompson-Balys.

N135.1. N135.1. Thirteen as unlucky number. **Bцklen Die “unglьckezahl” Dreizehn (Leipzig, 1913); Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Zahlen” B 13; *Fb “tretten”; **Kyriakiodos To Dysoionon tou Arithmou 13 (Athens, 1953).

N135.2. N135.2. Possession of money brings luck. Nothing escapes a mouse as long as she has in her hole a purse of money Chauvin II 94 No. 45; Bшdker Exempler 291 No. 49.

N135.2.1. N135.2.1. Discovery of treasure brings luck. Chinese: Graham.

N135.3. N135.3. The luck-bringing shirt. The king is to become lucky when he puts on the shirt of a lucky man. The only man who says that he is lucky has no shirt. *Type 844; **Kцhler Aufsдtze 119ff.; H. C. Andersen‘s “Lykkens Galocher”; Edwin Markham’s “The Shoes of Fortune.”

N135.3.1. N135.3.1. Feast for those who have not known sorrow. Dying Alexander’s letter to his mother orders such a feast. No one comes. *Kцhler-Bolte I 579; Kцhler Aufsдtze 130.

N135.4. N135.4. Lucky marks on body. India: Thompson-Balys.

N136. N136. The judge‘s bad-luck bringing boots. The wealthy merchant becomes a beggar, due to the judge’s boots he acquired through exchange (theft). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2447*.

N137. N137. Philosopher conquers evil fate. India: Thompson-Balys.

N140. N140. Nature of luck and fate--miscellaneous motifs.

N141. N141. Luck or intelligence? Dispute as to which is the more powerful. Man with intelligence remains poor (is brought into court). Saved by mere luck. *Type 945; BP III 53f.; Tille FFC XXXIV 254; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 IV 47, 128, 276, 281; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N141.1. N141.1. Which is more important, learning or wit? India: Thompson-Balys.

N141.2. N141.2. Which is more powerful, wealth or wisdom? India: *Thompson-Balys.

N141.3. N141.3. Which is more beautiful, nymph of Luck or of Ill-Luck (Luck when coming, Ill-Luck when going). India: Thompson-Balys.

N141.4. N141.4. Weaver married by Wealth to a princess to show Wisdom that he is the more powerful. India: Thompson-Balys.

N142. N142. Destiny better than work, show, or speculation. A peasant makes a little by his work; a nobleman more by his outward show; a merchant still more by speculation; but a prince most of all by his destiny. Chauvin II 109 No. 72; Bшdker Exempler 305 No. 76; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N143. N143. Luck only with money that is earned honestly. Icelandic: Boberg.

N145. N145. Cast-out princess prospers because of Good Luck. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N146. N146. Man not fated to die cannot be killed. (Cf. N101.3.) Jewish: *Neuman.

N170. N170. The capriciousness of luck. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

N171. N171. Unprotected son makes fortune; protected son has bad luck. Type 935*.

N172. N172. Prodigal as favorite of fortune. *Type 935; Irish: Beal XXI 305, O’Suilleabhain 14.

N172.1. N172.1. Prodigal son favored over faithful son. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N173. N173. Disagreeable and disliked youth as favorite of Fortune. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N174. N174. Careful builder outside when storm comes is killed; careless builder saved. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 247 No. 58.

N177. N177. Beggar escapes from fire. Refused hospitality, he must sleep outdoors. The house burns down. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 479; Jewish: Neuman.

N178. N178. Loss of eye saves man from execution. Man to be buried with king. Gets off because he lacks an eye. *Wesselski Mдrchen 230; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 480.

N178.1. N178.1. Broken leg saves man from fatal fight. King has ordered that he be killed in a fight. He breaks his leg and cannot take part. Meantime the king learns of his innocence. Chauvin II 152 No. 18; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N178.2. N178.2. Man chosen for execution because he is fat. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N178.3. N178.3. King‘s counselor expelled from a court thereby escapes accompanying the king, who is killed by robbers. India: Thompson-Balys.

N178.4. N178.4. Only crippled cow not driven away by robbers. India: Thompson-Balys.

N181. N181. Fortunes of the rich man and of the poor man. The Fortune of the rich brother tells the poor brother to seek his luck under a bush. The poor man goes there and Fortune tells him to become a merchant. He becomes rich. Type 735; India: Thompson-Balys.

N182. N182. Snake turns to gold in answer to dream. Woman tells dream of pot of gold. Robbers overhear but finding only snake in pot turn it loose on woman’s bed. It turns to gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

N183. N183. Money lost twice: recovered third time. Type 935**; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 946*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 114 No. 945A*.

N185. N185. Fugitive woman burdened with child saved; childless woman killed. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 136 No. 92.

N186. N186. Man who derided another‘s faith in the stars becomes respected astrologer. (Cf. P481.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N187. N187. Hero fails to meet the man he seeks, though they are close to one another. Icelandic: Sterka 436, Boberg.

N200. N200. The good gifts of fortune.

N201. N201. Wish for exalted husband realized. Girls make wish that they may marry king (prince, etc.). It so happens. *Type 707; *BP II 380ff., 393; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 388.

N202. N202. Wishes for good fortune realized. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 87, 420, II 824.

N202.1. N202.1. Wish realized that all women should fall in love with man at sight. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 724.

N203. N203. Lucky person. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N211. N211. Lost object returns to its owner.

N211.1. N211.1. Lost ring found in fish. (Polycrates.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 635; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 188 No. 146; *Chauvin V 17 No. 10, 141 No. 68, VI 32 No. 202; Fb “ring” IV 328b; Toldo VIII 40; Saintyves “L‘Anneau de Polycrate” Revue de l’histoire des religions (1912) 1--32; *Loomis White Magic 121.--Irish: Plummer clxxxiv, *Cross; Norwegian: Solheim Register 20; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman, *Gaster Exempla 210 No. 118, *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 II 106, 344, III 51, 55, 300; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 29; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 7; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 133.

N211.1.0.1. N211.1.0.1. Lost articles found in interior of fish through virtue of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

N211.1.1. N211.1.1. Lost pin found in fish. Irish myth: Cross.

N211.1.2. N211.1.2. Key (to fetters) found in fish. Irish myth: *Cross.

N211.1.3. N211.1.3. Lost sword found in fish. Icelandic: Boberg.

N211.1.4. N211.1.4. Lost trinket found in fish. Irish myth: Cross.

N211.1.5. N211.1.5. Brooch lost by saint found in fish. Irish myth: Cross.

N211.2. N211.2. Unavailing attempt to get rid of slippers; they always return. *Chauvin VI 130 No. 283.

N211.3. N211.3. Angel helps to find lost pin. Irish myth: Cross.

N212. N212. Money cannot be kept from where it is destined to go. Miser told that his hoard is to go to poor man. He hides it in a trunk and throws it into the sea but it drifts to the house of the poor man who tries in vain to restore it to its owner. *Type 745; *Chauvin II 129 No. 137; *Herbert III 234, 377 No. 61, 447; *Oesterley No. 109, Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 934B*; Russian: Andrejev No. 834B*; West Indies: Flowers 563.

N212.1. N212.1. Husband‘s magic gift returns to him. Wife gives husband’s magic gift (fruit) to lover, who presents it to a dancing girl, who sells it back to the husband. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N213. N213. Man fated to be rich. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 828, 931.

N215. N215. Child borne off by tiger, which is caught by griffin, which is killed by lioness, which rears child with her whelps. English: Wells 118 (Octavian); India: Thompson-Balys.

N221. N221. Man granted power of winning at cards. Irish: Beal XXI 329, O‘Suilleabhain 90; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 45, 52 Nos. 313, 345, Espinosa II Nos. 122ff., 168--171, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 70--73, 210.

N222. N222. First objects picked up bring fortune. India: Thompson-Balys.

N223. N223. Man must have drinking horn; stumble reveals one as he departs on search. Irish myth: Cross.

N224. N224. Man finds treasure he refused as gift. Irish myth: Cross.

N225. N225. Man robbed and penniless entertained by wealthy widow and enriched. Boccaccio Decameron II No. 2 (Lee 25); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N226. N226. Wrecked man saved on coffer of jewels; becomes rich. Boccaccio Decameron II No. 4 (Lee 30); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N227. N227. Man who is impoverished is given high post by princess in disguise. Marries her. (Cf. N251.3.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N228. N228. Leopard tied in bag in water floats to shore and finds a mate. Grateful to trickster who has tied him up. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N231. N231. The fourteen lucky daughters. The husband leaves his wife, who has given birth to fourteen girls, thinking he is persecuted by bad luck because of failure to have a son. On the seashore, the girls find precious stones. The wife, now prosperous, finds her husband among beggars. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1668*.

N234. N234. Boast of poor boy made good by fate: he boasts to elder brothers he will build a palace on a certain spot; accidentally comes on treasure trove and makes good his boast. India: Thompson-Balys.

N250. N250. Persistent bad luck. *Fb “ulykke” III 973a; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N250.1. N250.1. Bad luck follows man who shoots stork. *Fb “stork” III 592b.

N250.2. N250.2. Persecution by bad luck. Wishing to escape it, the luckless couple build themselves a new home. Scarcely do they establish themselves in the new home, when bad luck addresses them from the hearth: “I have already waited for you here three days.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 735B*.

N250.3. N250.3. Persecution by a god so that will of deity can be followed. India: Thompson-Balys.

N250.4. N250.4. Bad luck banished and freed. The poor man in some way banishes his bad luck and becomes prosperous. Out of envy his rich brother sets it free; it then follows him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 735A*; Russian: Andrejev No. 735 I*.

N251. N251. Person pursued by misfortune. (Placidas, Eustacius.) His goods are destroyed, his wife carried off by a ship captain and his children by animals. *Type 938; Herbert III 241; *Oesterley No. 110; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 154f.; Alphabet No. 311; *Hibbard 3ff.; Boccaccio Decameron II Nos. 6, 8 (Lee 34, 39); *Loomis White Magic 112; **Gerould PMLA XIX 335ff.; Dickson 100 n. 7.--Irish: *Cross; O’Suilleabhain 42, Beal XXI 315; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 374; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 113, 793; West Indies: Flowers 564.

N251.1. N251.1. Man captured by pirates is maimed, crippled, blinded. He is patient through it all. Finally he is elected ruler by his dead master‘s subjects. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N251.2. N251.2. Man who aspires to greater wealth loses all. When he is about to be rewarded by king the latter dies. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N251.3. N251.3. Man who loses fortune marries widow of his rich master. (Cf. N227.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N251.4. N251.4. Travelers pursued by misfortune. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N251.5. N251.5. Fortune of the lucky wife. A luckless man becomes successful in all his undertakings when he marries a lucky woman and lives by her luck. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 737B*.

N251.6. N251.6. The luckless son and his envious father. Seeing a luck-bringing animal at his son’s house, the wizard father orders it to be destroyed, but the grandchildren eat of its meat and become fortunate. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 738*.

N251.7. N251.7. Misfortune pursues farmer. U.S.: *Baughman.

N252. N252. Messengers announce successive misfortunes. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Aeschylus Agamemnon line 860; Jewish: Neuman. Cf. story of Job.

N252.1. N252.1. Messengers announce successive misfortunes to warrior as he sets out for war. Tells of death of father, mother, brother, and sister, but he refuses to turn back. Finnish: Kalevala rune 36.

N253. N253. Safety in shadow of wall. After many misfortunes the man is apparently safe. The wall falls on him. *Type 947; *BP III 289f.; Bшdker Exempler 277 No. 18; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N255. N255. Escape from one misfortune into worse.

N255.1. N255.1. Stag escapes from hunters to be eaten by lion. Wienert FFC LVI *49, 55 (ET 86, 152), 116, 136 (ST 261, 417); Halm Aesop No. 129, 252.

N255.2. N255.2. Ass gets progressively worse masters. Finally the farmer beats him living and will not spare his hide when he is dead. Wienert FFC LVI 77 (ET 435), 109 (ST 214, 390); Halm Aesop No. 329.

N255.3. N255.3. Halcyon builds nest on sea-cliff to escape land hazards. Tempest blows nest away. Wienert FFC LVI *63 (ET 266), 140 (ST 4623; Halm Aesop No. 29.

N255.4. N255.4. Fugitive slave takes refuge in mill house, where he must work harder than ever. Wienert FFC LVI *83 (ET 499), 116 (ST 260); Halm Aesop No. 121.

N255.5. N255.5. Daw fleeing from captivity caught in trees by thread around foot. Starves. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 265), 116 (ST 259); Halm Aesop No. 202.

N255.6. N255.6. Old man burns self with gunpowder, and then burns himself worse when he pours hot water over his body. India: Thompson-Balys.

N256. N256. Unlucky classes.

N256.1. N256.1. Goldsmith unlucky. India: Thompson-Balys.

N258. N258. Train of troubles from lost horseshoe nail. Master tries to go on in spite of the loss. *BP III 335ff.

N261. N261. Train of troubles from sparrow‘s vengeance. A man runs over the dog, friend of the sparrow. Through the sparrow’s vengeance the man loses his horse, his property, and finally his life. *Type 248; *BP I 515; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 254 No. 34.

N261.1. N261.1. Train of troubles for seven brothers for having destroyed bird‘s nest. India: Thompson-Balys.

N264. N264. Whether man begs all day or for an hour he gets only a small basket of grain. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N265. N265. Person brings bad luck to others.

N265.1. N265.1. Girl brings ill luck and death to everyone she comes in contact with. India: Thompson-Balys.

N270. N270. Crime inevitably comes to light. Irish: Beal XXI 336, O’Suilleabhain 119; India: Thompson-Balys.

N271. N271. Murder will out. Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr Nos. 202--209; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N271.1. N271.1. The sun brings all to light. The murderer repeats as he sees the rays of the sun, the last words of the dying man, thus betraying the crime. *Type 960; *BP II 531; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 98b, *Zachariae Kleine Schriften 134; *Basset 1001 Contes II 381.

N271.1.1. N271.1.1. Moon brings murder to light. (Like N271.1.) BP II 532.

N271.2. N271.2. Murder revealed by unusual names of boys. The dying man leaves message to name his sons “O God” and “O king” (or the like). This arouses the king‘s curiosity and brings the murder to light. BP II 336, 535; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 960.

N271.3. N271.3. The Cranes of Ibycus. Murdered man calls on cranes, the only witnesses of the murder, to avenge him. The cranes follow the murderer and point him out. *BP II 532; *Amalfi Zs. f. Vksk. VI 115ff.; *Zachariae ibid. IX 336; Scala Celi 100b No. 539; Hertz Abhandlungen 334; Kцhler-Bolte II 563; Chauvin II 123, VII 146; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 27. -- England: Baughman; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 209; Jewish: *Neuman.

N271.3.1. N271.3.1. Ravens pursue murderer who has killed two children. England: Baughman.

N271.4. N271.4. Murder discovered through knowledge of bird languages. Birds point out the murder. *Type 781.

N271.5. N271.5. Murderer through miracle suspected of theft; murder thus discovered. Type 761*.

N271.6. N271.6. Murder revealed by child.

N271.6.1. N271.6.1. Child‘s song reveals murder. Africa (Bantu): Torrend Specimens of Bantu Folk-lore from Northern Rhodesia (New York, 1921) 9ff. No. 1, 14ff. No. 2.

N271.7. N271.7. Murder discovered on digging foundations of house. House burns. Diggers discover body. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N271.8. N271.8. Murderer traced through victim‘s ring. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N271.9. N271.9. Tree follows murderer. Scotland: Baughman.

N271.10. N271.10. Ship will sink if murderer is aboard. England: Baughman.

N271.11. N271.11. Murder will out: murderers quarrel under influence of drink and reveal crime. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1216.

N275. N275. Criminal confesses because he thinks himself accused. *BP II 534, 412; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N275.1. N275.1. Criminal confesses because of misunderstood animal cries. BP II 534, 412; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 66.

N275.2. N275.2. Criminal confesses because of misunderstanding of a dialect. BP II 534, 412.

N275.3. N275.3. Detection by accidental remark. Wife misunderstands husband’s remark and confesses. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 32.

N275.4. N275.4. Thief imagines that group of people in street are talking and laughing at him; he confesses. U.S.: Baughman.

N275.5. N275.5. Criminal in church mistakes words of service as accusation. (Cf. Type 1833.)

N275.5.1. N275.5.1. Sheep thief confesses when preacher says, “All we like sheep have gone astray.” U.S.: Baughman.

N277. N277. Oxen bear dead usurer to gallows to be buried. They are allowed to go where they will. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 197.

N278. N278. Supernatural voice points out criminal. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 352; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 182 No. 140.

N300--N399.

N300--N399. Unlucky accidents.

N300. N300. Unlucky accidents. Norwegian: Solheim Register 21.

N310. N310. Accidental separations. Missouri French: Carriиre.

N311. N311. Separation of persons caused by looking for water. *M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII xxiv ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N312. N312. Separation of twins through being carried off by beast. Dickson 107.

N313. N313. Child follows bird and loses its mother. Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 71.

N314. N314. Persons fall asleep on rock, which magically shoots upward. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 76.

N315. N315. Separation by being on different banks of stream. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N316. N316. Separation in jungle (forest). India: *Thompson-Balys.

N317. N317. Separation of family by shipwreck. India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

N318. N318. Accidental separation of lovers.

N318.1. N318.1. Man, thinking it an enemy, flees as sweetheart comes after him in pursuit. India: Thompson-Balys.

N318.2. N318.2. Princess accidentally elopes with wrong man. India: Thompson-Balys.

N320. N320. Person unwittingly killed.

N320.1. N320.1. Man unwittingly causes death of daughter. English romance: Malory III 15.

N321. N321. Son returning home after long absence unwittingly killed by parents. (Cf. N338.3.) Type 939*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 939*; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 9391.

N322. N322. Eavesdropping person unwittingly killed. Icelandic: *Boberg. Cf. death of Polonius in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”.

N322.1. N322.1. Eavesdropping man in disguise as devil killed unwittingly by daughter‘s lover. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 4.

N322.2. N322.2. Eavesdropping wife hidden in bushes killed unwittingly by husband. Greek: Fox 72 (Prokris).

N323. N323. Parricide prophecy unwittingly fulfilled. *Type 931; *Krappe Balor 13 n. 45; Greek: *Grote I 206; India: Thompson-Balys. See all references to M343 (Parricide prophecy).

N324. N324. Man unwittingly kills prince. Exiled. *Boje 120f.

N324.1. N324.1. Transformed prince unwittingly killed. Irish myth: Cross.

N325. N325. Unwitting murder because of insane illusion.

N325.1. N325.1. Man kills son thinking that he is cutting a branch. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 329 n. 1.

N325.2. N325.2. Women, driven mad, devour their infants’ flesh. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 331 n. 4.

N325.3. N325.3. Mother kills son thinking him a wild beast. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 331 n. 3.

N330. N330. Accidental killing or death. Irish myth: Cross.

N331. N331. Things accidentally fall and kill person.

N331.1. N331.1. Dagger in wall above bed falls and kills girl. Has been placed there by her lover. Indonesia: De Vries’s list No. 219.

N331.1.1. N331.1.1. Knife accidentally strikes girl‘s throat and kills her. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N331.1.2. N331.1.2. Prince’s arrow accidentally grazes breast of merchant‘s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

N331.1.3. N331.1.3. Bride lets dagger fall and kill husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

N331.2. N331.2. Bread accidentally dropped from tree on bear’s nose kills bear. Type 2006*.

N331.2.1. N331.2.1. Man hidden in tree so frightened of lioness he drops his sword and kills her. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N332. N332. Accidental poisoning.

N332.1. N332.1. Man accidentally fed bread which his father has poisoned. The wicked man puts poison in the bread he gives a beggar. The beggar gives his loaf to the son. Type 837; *De Vries Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde XLVII 63ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N332.1.1. N332.1.1. Poisoned bath prepared for another accidentally used by hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

N332.2. N332.2. Horse accidentally poisoned instead of master. An attempt is made to give the hero a poisoned cup. He is on horseback and spurs his horse away to avoid the cup. The poison is spilled and enters the horse‘s ear and kills him. *Type 851; *BP I 189; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 131.

N332.2.1. N332.2.1. Elephant on rampage accidentally poisoned instead of man. Man claims having killed elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

N332.3. N332.3. Serpent carried by bird lets poison drop into milk and poisons drinkers. *Chauvin VIII 60 No. 25; *Krappe Balor 184 n. 12; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas III 96; India: Thompson-Balys.

N332.3.1. N332.3.1. Head of killed snake bites and kills king. India: Thompson-Balys.

N332.3.2. N332.3.2. Snake in jug bites would-be thief. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N332.4. N332.4. Boy accidentally drinks “poison” intended for his stepbrother. Doctor had substituted sleeping potion for the requested poison. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N332.4.1. N332.4.1. Youth accidentally takes the poison he intended for his father. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N332.5. N332.5. Woman unwittingly poisons her son. Mistakes poison for medicine. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N332.6. N332.6. Man eats food which is mysteriously poisoned. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 511.

N332.7. N332.7. Hidden fruit accidentally poisoned by snake. India: Thompson-Balys.

N333. N333. Aiming at fly has fatal results.

N333.1. N333.1. Person killed by hitting fly on his face. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 285. Cf. Type 1586.

N333.1.1. N333.1.1. To give child a slap to stop its crying, numskull kills it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N333.2. N333.2. Man accidentally killed by bear trying to chase away flies. *Chauvin II 118 Nos. 99, 100; India: Thompson-Balys.

N334. N334. Accidental fatal ending of game or joke.

N334.1. N334.1. Children play hog-killing: one killed. *Type 2401; *BP I 202; Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 431; England, U.S.: Baughman.

N334.2. N334.2. Hanging in game or jest accidentally proves fatal. Wesselski Theorie 18; Fb “hжnge” I 731b; Danish: Christensen DF XLVII 200 No. 36; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3309, Legends Nos. 605 609; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 122 Nos. 40, 41.

N334.3. N334.3. Practical joker asks doctor to castrate him. Doctor insists on the operation. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N335. N335. Unexpected death at hands of an animal.

N335.1. N335.1. Bird hunter killed by adder just as he is shooting bird. Wienert FFC LVI 65 (ET 295), 207 (ST 197); Halm Aesop No. 171; India: Thompson-Balys.

N335.2. N335.2. Blood bath causes woman to be carried off by bird. A pregnant woman demands a bath of blood: husband substitutes a bath of red dye. A Garuda bird attracted by the dye carries her off. Penzer I 97; Dunlop-Liebrecht 135.

N335.2.1. N335.2.1. Sick queen lying under red satin carried off by bird who thinks it is red meat. India: Thompson-Balys.

N335.3. N335.3. Death by rebounding bow. Ants gnaw a bowstring, so that the bow rebounds and cuts off head of man who is leaning on it. *Bloomfield in Penzer VII xx ff.

N335.4. N335.4. Accidental death from flying splinter of bone. Bone being gnawed by animal lets splinter fly and kills young animals. Africa (Larusa): Fokken “Erzдhlungen und Mдrchen der Larusa” ZsKS VII 82ff. No. 1, (Wachaga): Gutmann 87ff. No. 44, (Masai): Fuchs Sagen, Mythen und Sitten der Masai (Jena, 1910) 50ff., (Uganda): Rowling The Tales of Sir Apolo: Uganda Folklore and Proverbs (London, n.d.) 47ff., (Congo): Stanley My Dark Companions and their Strange Stories (New York, 1906) 161ff., Casati Ten Years in Equatoria and the Return with Emin Pasha (New York, 1891) II 45f.

N335.5. N335.5. Hound strikes unique vulnerable spot. Irish myth: Cross.

N335.6. N335.6. Series of accidental animal killings.

N335.6.1. N335.6.1. Attacking animal is killed by another in ambush. India: Thompson-Balys.

N335.7. N335.7. Tortoise lands on elephant‘s back so that elephant’s back is broken. India: Thompson-Balys.

N336. N336. Accidental death through dream. Man dodging blow in dream hits his head against wall and kills himself. Alphabet No. 285.

N337. N337. Accidental death through misdirected weapon. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 63 n. 2; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 715; Africa (Fang): Tessman 135, (Congo): Grenfell 820.

N337.1. N337.1. Blind poet unintentionally kills friend. Irish myth: *Cross.

N337.2. N337.2. Hero, while measuring wild boar, accidentally wounded mortally by bristle. Irish myth: *Cross.

N337.3. N337.3. Axe thrown at one animal misses but kills another. India: Thompson-Balys.

N338. N338. Death as result of mistaken identity: wrong person killed. Irish myth: *Cross.

N338.1. N338.1. Saint changes places with charioteer; latter is killed. Irish myth: Cross.

N338.2. N338.2. Fool (person) disguised as (supposed) king killed. Irish myth: *Cross.

N338.3. N338.3. Son killed because mistaken for someone else. (Cf. N321.) Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda (N366); Greek: Grote I 242; Jewish: Neuman; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 98.

N338.3.1. N338.3.1. Father orders unrecognized son thrown into sea. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 480.

N339. N339. Accidental death--miscellaneous.

N339.1. N339.1. Man falls into jar of honey and is drowned. Chases a mouse. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 310 n. 2.

N339.2. N339.2. Flies caught in honey. Death from greed. Wienert FFC LVI 61 (ET 242), 146 (ST 512); Halm Aesop No. 293.

N339.3. N339.3. Foxes crowd into house and are suffocated. Eskimo (Koryak): *Jochelson JE VI 363.

N339.4. N339.4. Groom killed by lightning on wedding night. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N339.5. N339.5. Uxorious king is burned to death while taking an alcohol bath. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N339.6. N339.6. Man forgets to wear magic gown and is killed. Irish myth: *Cross.

N339.7. N339.7. Army drowned by unnoticed incoming tide. Irish myth: *Cross.

N339.8. N339.8. Accidental death from fall on own weapon (shield). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

N339.8.1. N339.8.1. Accidental death of father from fall into the fire when taking down weapons for his son. Icelandic: Boberg.

N339.9. N339.9. Girl abducted by fairy left on shore, where she is accidentally drowned. Irish myth: *Cross.

N339.10. N339.10. Youth gazing at own image reflected in water falls and drowns. Irish myth: Cross.

N339.11. N339.11. Girl lets down her sari for hero to climb up by but, when he is halfway up, sari breaks and he is killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

N339.12. N339.12. Prefect, cursed by bishop, dies of fish-bone stuck in his throat. Irish myth: Cross.

N339.13. N339.13. Accidental death by striking head against lintel of door. Irish myth: Cross.

N339.14. N339.14. Wife throwing husband’s corpse into river (according to custom) is caught by corpse‘s arm and drowned. India: Thompson-Balys.

N339.15. N339.15. Thief crushed to death by fallen fragments of wall he has bored. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N339.16. N339.16. King mortally wounded on killed enemy‘s tooth. Icelandic: Boberg.

N339.17. N339.17. Bottle wherein jinn is imprisoned inadvertently opened and jinn escapes to kill his captor. India: Thompson-Balys.

N340. N340. Hasty killing or condemnation (mistake).

N340.1. N340.1. Suicide in remorse over hasty condemnation. Irish myth: Cross.

N340.2. N340.2. King hastily has 7,000 people put to death for stoning his judges to death. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N340.3. N340.3. Woman wrongly condemned for drunkenness when seen to take one drink. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N341. N341. Misunderstood message causes messenger to be killed (accused). BP II 366.

N342. N342. Hasty condemnation of man who accidentally becomes suspected of crime. India: Thompson-Balys.

N342.1. N342.1. Faithful servant guarding master’s wife from danger falsely condemned for betraying his master. *Type 516; *BP I 42ff.; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 129; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 155ff. No. 68.

N342.1.1. N342.1.1. Faithful son guarding his father from monster falsely accused by stepmother. India: Thompson-Balys.

N342.2. N342.2. Stumbling over bloody corpse brings accusation of murder. Man gets blood on himself. *Chauvin V 136 No. 64.

N342.3. N342.3. Jealous and overhasty man kills his rescuing twin brother. *Type 303; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; India: Thompson-Balys.

N342.4. N342.4. False accusation overheard causes hasty killing. Irish myth: Cross.

N342.5. N342.5. Angry brother kills husband, thinking latter had killed wife (sister) and baby. Heptameron No. 23.

N342.6. N342.6. Woman mistakenly accused of cannibalism. She is seen biting off finger of corpse to get its ring. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N343. N343. Lover kills self believing his mistress dead. She has been frightened away by a lion. (Pyramus and Thisbe.) Kцhler-Bolte I 4; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 201, **G. Hart Ursprung und Verbreitung der Pyramus und Thisbe-Sage (1889); *C. de Boer Pyramus et Thisbe (Amsterdam, 1911).

N343.1. N343.1. Mistress kills self, believing her lover dead. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N343.2.1. N343.2.1. Wife dies, believing husband dead. Irish myth: Cross.

N343.3. N343.3. Woman feigns death to meet exiled lover. It leads to his death. Lover hears of her supposed death, returns and submits to execution. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N343.4. N343.4. Lover commits suicide on finding beloved dead. Heptameron No. 70.

N344. N344. Father kills self believing that son is dead. The son forgets to spread white sails, the prearranged signal of his safety. (Told also of lovers.) *Schoepperle II 437f.; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 137 n. 4.

N344.1. N344.1. Wrong sign put out leads to boys‘ leaving home. They are to be informed by a sign if a sister is born. *Type 451; BP I 70ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

N344.2. N344.2. Father causes death of innocent son, believing him guilty of adultery with father’s wife. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

N345. N345. The falcon of Sir Federigo. An impoverished suitor has only a falcon to catch birds with. His lady‘s sick son wants the falcon and she goes to ask for it. The suitor serves dinner for her--his falcon. When she makes her request it is too late. *Bйdier Fabliaux 153f.; Boccaccio Decameron V No. 9 (*Lee 170); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N346. N346. Pigeon hastily kills his mate for stealing wheat. It has merely dried out and no longer fills the nest. When the dampness later swells the wheat, he sees his mistake and kills himself in remorse. Chauvin II 104 No. 66; Bшdker Exempler 302 No. 69; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

N347. N347. Innocent man accidentally suspected of crime. (Cf. N342.2.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

N347.1. N347.1. Clerk who enters tavern arrested with others for murder. Scala Celi 59a No. 326; Chauvin IX 19; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Icelandic: Boberg.

N347.2. N347.2. Saint who entered house of ill fame to reform inmates accused of going with evil intent. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N347.3. N347.3. Boy is hanged for cattle theft; the strayed cattle are discovered later. U.S.: Baughman.

N347.4. N347.4. Man having purchased stolen ornament unwittingly presents it to owner as gift; is thrown into jail as thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

N347.5. N347.5. Poor man presented rich robe by emperor is locked up as a thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

N347.6. N347.6. Man falsely accused commits suicide. India: Thompson-Balys.

N347.7. N347.7. Greedy disciple decides to remain in city despite learned teacher’s warning and is condemned to take the place of a thief. India: Thompson-Balys.

N348. N348. Jealous husband kills innocent wife. Suspicions aroused when villain leaves his handkerchief in her room. (Othello.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N349. N349. Hasty killing or condemnation--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

N349.1. N349.1. Warriors erroneously slay allies in night battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

N349.2. N349.2. Father kills his son in battle rage. Icelandic: Boberg.

N349.3. N349.3. King, seeing eldest son leaving room, decides that he is a rakshasa. India: Thompson-Balys.

N350. N350. Accidental loss of property.

N351. N351. Money (treasure) unwittingly given away. Unlucky man given a loaf which is filled with gold exchanges it for another loaf. *Type 841; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 326, 327; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 185; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Pochulata): Boas JAFL XXV 223.

N351.1. N351.1. Boy‘s servant takes pearl to his wife instead of to merchant; she throws it away. India: Thompson-Balys.

N351.2. N351.2. Beggar accidentally overlooks money put into his way. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N352. N352. Bird carries off ring which lover has taken from sleeping mistress’s finger. He searches for the ring and becomes separated from her. *Penzer IV 192 n. 1; *von der Hagen I cxxxiii; *Kцhler-Bolte II 351; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

N352.1. N352.1. Bird carries off jeweled veil with which girl had covered sleeping lover‘s face. Lover pursues bird and becomes separated from the girl. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N352.2. N352.2. Jewel (garment) carried off by bird from bather. Clothes have been left on bank of stream. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N352.3. N352.3. Serpent steals jewels: person falsely accused of theft. (Cf. N347.) India: Thompson-Balys.

N360. N360. Man unwittingly commits crime. U.S.: Baughman.

N361. N361. Sacred animal unwittingly killed.

N361.1. N361.1. Brahmin unwittingly kills calf. India: Thompson-Balys.

N362. N362. King (prince) unwittingly killed. Africa (Fulah): Frobenius Atlantis VI 182ff. No. 4.

N365. N365. Incest unwittingly committed.

N365.1. N365.1. Boy unwittingly commits incest with his mother. See all references to M344. Heptameron No. 30; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 117 No. 983; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Minehassa (Celebes): Dixon 158.

N365.1.1. N365.1.1. Man unwittingly falls in love with his own mother. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N365.2. N365.2. Unwitting father-daughter incest. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 198 (Myrrha); Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/116).

N365.2.1. N365.2.1. Father unwittingly falls in love with daughter. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N365.3. N365.3. Unwitting brother-sister incest. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 201; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/59); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 516.

N365.3.1. N365.3.1. Brother and sister unwittingly in love with each other. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N365.3.2. N365.3.2. Boy says, “Whoever eats this mushroom is my wife.” His own sister eats it and he runs away. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N365.4. N365.4. Man unwittingly lies with mother-in-law. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N367. N367. Daughter unwittingly turns her own parents out of doors. India: Thompson-Balys.

N380. N380. Other unlucky accidents.

N381. N381. Drop of honey causes chain of accidents. Hunter drops honey in a grocery; weasel eats honey; cat chases weasel; dog chases cat; grocer kills dog: all the cause of a bloody feud between villages. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 87 No. 2036; BP II 104 n. 2; *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk XXXII 21; Chauvin VIII 41 No. 9; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N381.1. N381.1. Ant pinching frog causes chain of accidents. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N382. N382. Fugitive slave takes wrong road and is caught. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 518), 116 (ST 264).

N383. N383. Man falls dead from sudden realization.

N383.1. N383.1. Man falls dead when he realizes that he has been riding over frozen sea. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XVIII 91.

N383.2. N383.2. Man falls dead when he realizes that he has eaten bread from flour used for abscess plaster. Chauvin VIII 38 No. 6; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N383.3. N383.3. Mother dies of fright when she learns that she was about to commit incest with her son. He has disguised himself to test her chastity. *Krappe Balor 181ff.; Alphabet No. 710 (Secundus).

N384. N384. Death from fright. (Cf. N383.3.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 228, 439, 452, Rasmussen I 148, II 334, III 61, 97, Holm 26.

N384.0.1. N384.0.1. Madness from fright. U.S.: *Baughman.

N384.0.1.1. N384.0.1.1. The cadaver arm. Medical students (or student nurses or hospital employees) play trick on one of their number by suspending a cadaver arm or leg from the light cord in the person‘s room (sometimes the object is placed in the person’s bed). Some circumstance keeps them from being on hand to observe the person‘s reaction; the next day they remember the joke and go to the victim’s room to investigate. They have to break down the door. They find the victim sitting on the bed--her hair is snow white--and she is gnawing on the cadaver arm. U.S.: *Baughman.

N384.1. N384.1. Mouse frightens man to death. Type 167*.

N384.2. N384.2. Death in the graveyard; person‘s clothing is caught; the person thinks something awful is holding him; he dies of fright. Ireland, England, U.S.: Baughman.

N384.3. N384.3. Wicked stepmother falls into the fire because of fright. (Cf. M431.6.) Icelandic: Boberg.

N384.4. N384.4. Fraternity initiate dies of fright. U.S.: *Baughman.

N384.5. N384.5. Queen dies from fright because of evil prophecy. Icelandic: Boberg.

N384.6. N384.6. Sham magician causes simpleton’s death. Is frightened to death by the impersonation of demons. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N384.7. N384.7. Sham execution proves fatal. Jester condemned to die on block. Pail of water used instead of axe. He dies. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N384.8. N384.8. Priest frightens boy by tying girl‘s corpse to bell-rope. In revenge the boy puts the body in the priest’s bed. Priest flees. Dies from injuries. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N384.9. N384.9. Lover frightens mistress as a joke. She dies from the shock. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N384.10. N384.10. Man playing ghost killed. Meaning to frighten son, father plays devil or a ghost. Son kills him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3443, Legends Nos. 861ff.

N384.11. N384.11. Joker playing dead killed. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3443A, Legends Nos. 864f.

N384.12. N384.12. Woman playing dead to spy on husband killed. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 866.

N384.13. N384.13. Brothers fall dead at sight of long lost brother whom they sold into captivity. (Cf. N733.) Jewish: *Neuman.

N385. N385. Unintentional injuries bring unfortunate consequences. (Sometimes the injuries are mere breeches of tabu.) *Penzer II 147, VII 92 n. 1.

N385.1. N385.1. Person has successive misfortunes while making plans because he forgets to say, “If God wills.” (Cf. G224.1, J1217.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 848*.

N386. N386. Lover‘s wound breaks while he is in bed with mistress. He bleeds to death (or is discovered because of the blood). Schoepperle I 222; von der Hagen I cxxvii; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N386.1. N386.1. Lover’s spur catches in sheet when he tries to escape. Uncovers mistress. Heptameron No. 62.

N386.2. N386.2. Man pinned in bed by weapon caught in quilt. Irish myth: Cross.

N387. N387. Feud starts over trifle.

N387.1. N387.1. Quarrel over dog starts the Guelph-Ghibelline feud. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N388. N388. Blind men accidentally hurt each other. (Trying to kill pig, or the like.) Herbert III 71.

N391. N391. Lover who is detained away beyond stipulated time returns to find fiancйe married. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N391.0.1. N391.0.1. Hospitality enforced on hero keeps him overlong from home; meantime wife abducted. Chinese: Graham.

N391.1. N391.1. Mistress expecting lover accidentally exchanges places with her maidservant. Italian Novella: Rotunda (also K1856).

N392. N392. Robber attempting to steal cow at night seizes thieving tiger. Great fight in stable. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N392.1. N392.1. Escaping prisoner falls by accident onto tiger‘s back and is carried away. Korean: Zong in-Sob 175 No. 75.

N392.2. N392.2. Woman errs on to the road-of-the-tiger: carried off. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 161.

N394. N394. Delay in bringing pardon allows deserved execution. Messenger, ignorant of contents of message, stops to view culprit’s execution. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N394.1. N394.1. Sign of prisoner‘s reprieve changed by wind. A flag to be flown in certain way, but wind catches it just at the wrong moment so that prisoner is executed. Korean: Zong in-Sob 61 No. 34.

N395. N395. Man blinded trying to heal girl. Powders blow into his one good eye. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N396. N396. The sleeping guard. Watchman falls asleep as enemy approaches. Irish myth: Cross.

N397. N397. Accidental self-injury. Irish myth: Cross.

N398. N398. Mistake in interpreting prophecy (oracle) brings misfortune. India: Thompson-Balys.

N399. N399. Additional unlucky accidents.

N399.1. N399.1. Shipwrecked man lands on deadly enemy’s territory and is attacked. Icelandic: Boberg.

N399.2. N399.2. Man‘s inordinate laughter brings unfortunate results. India: Thompson-Balys.

N399.3. N399.3. Man discovers he is married to wer-tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

N400--N699.

N400--N699. LUCKY ACCIDENTS

N400. N400. Lucky accident.

N410--N439.

N410--N439. Lucky business ventures.

N410. N410. Lucky business venture.

N411. N411. Object unknown in a country sold for a fortune.

N411.1. N411.1. Whittington’s cat. A cat in a mouse-infested land without cats sold for a fortune. *Types 1650, 1651; *BP II 69ff.; *Fb “kat” II 108, IV 255b, “mus” II 632a; *Brueyre RTP III 36; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N411.1.1. N411.1.1. Cat as sole inheritance. *Types 1650, 1651, 545AB; *BP I 325, II 69ff., III 487; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 4.

N411.2. N411.2. Sickle sold for fortune in land without sickles. *Types 1650, 1202; *BP II 69ff., 72 n. 1.

N411.2.1. N411.2.1. Sickle as only inheritance. *Type 1650; *BP II 69ff.

N411.3. N411.3. Fortune from informing foreign king of use of saddle, bridle, and stirrups. *Chauvin VII 19 No. 373D n. 2.

N411.4. N411.4. Salt in saltless land sold for fortune. Russian: Andrejev No. 1651*; India: Thompson-Balys.

N411.5. N411.5. Sandalwood merchant sells his product at high price in land lacking sandalwood. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N412. N412. Fortune from trifling sum sent abroad with merchant. *Chauvin VI 65 No. 233 n. 1.

N415. N415. King‘s example makes merchant wealthy. The king buys shoes for a high price and then has all his dinner guests buy them. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 137 No. 100.

N421. N421. Lucky bargain. *Types 571, 1415; Missouri French: Carriиre.

N421.1. N421.1. Progressive lucky bargains. (Opposite of J2081.) *Type 1415; BP II 199ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Werner African 219f.; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 176 No. 24.

N425. N425. Abducted princess wishes that she were with rejected suitor; discovers that she is. Icelandic: Boberg.

N426. N426. Poor man carries unwittingly in his water jar a large scorpion which brings him fortune. India: Thompson-Balys.

N440--N499.

N440--N499. Valuable secrets learned.

N440. N440. Valuable secrets learned. Missouri French: Carriиre.

N450. N450. Secrets overheard. *Chauvin V 13, 293, VIII 61 No. 26; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 23; India: Thompson-Balys.

N451. N451. Secrets overheard from animal (demon) conversation. *Types 516, 517, 670, 673; BP I 42ff., 131f.; **Aarne FFC XV; **Rцsch FFC LXXVII 102, 114; Penzer I 48, III 60; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 131, 144, Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda, Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9; Greek: Grote I 105; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1138; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 150, 155.

N451.1. N451.1. Secrets of animals (demons) accidentally overheard from tree (bridge) hiding place. *Type 613; BP II 468ff., *481; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 60ff.; *Fb “bjшrn” IV 43a, “ravn” III 22b, “bro”, IV 62n; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3296, Legends No. 527; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 16, 23; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N452. N452. Secret remedy overheard in conversation of animals (witches). *Types 432, 613, 613*; BP II 261ff.; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 77, 81, 123; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 527; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys, Panchatantra III 11 (tr. Ryder) 346; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 150; Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 427; S. A. Indian (Chincha): Alexander Lat. Am. 230.

N452.1. N452.1. Remedy for lack of water in certain place overheard in conversation of animals (demons). *Type 613; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 86ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 527.

N452.1.1. N452.1.1. Reason for withering of tree overheard in conversation of animals (demons). Type 613; **Christiansen FFC XXV 89ff.

N452.2. N452.2. Secret remedy revealed by departing animal. House spirit (or bird) leaves saying, “If you knew what valerian is good for, the people would not die so fast.” **A. Martin “Die Pestage vom Vogel, der Bimbanelle und Baldrian als Heilmittel verkundet im Vogelsberg” Volk. u. Scholle IX No. 1.

N453. N453. Man transformed as ant, learns secret of freeing princess. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

N454. N454. Conversation of objects overheard.

N454.1. N454.1. Speaking bed-legs overheard. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N454.2. N454.2. King overhears conversation of lamps. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N455. N455. Overheard (human) conversation. *Dickson 29 n. 1; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.

N455.1. N455.1. Overheard boast about hidden money brings about robbery. Type 1577*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N455.2. N455.2. Robbers‘ plans overheard: owner warned. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 325 No. 8; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N455.2.1. N455.2.1. Robbers’ secret overheard and later used in court against them. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N455.3. N455.3. Secret formula for opening treasure mountain overheard from robbers (Open Sesame). *Type 676; *BP III 137ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 144; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 339.

N455.4. N455.4. King overhears girl‘s boast as to what she should do as queen. Marries her. *Type 707; BP II 380ff., *393; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 388.

N455.5. N455.5. Secret remedies learned from green-clad woman. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 2.

N455.6. N455.6. Husband learns of wife‘s fidelity through conversation overheard. Irish myth: Cross.

N455.7. N455.7. Secret about prince’s father learned by eavesdropper from his mother‘s talking to him. Icelandic: Boberg.

N455.8. N455.8. Friend lingering in the kitchen learns of friend’s distress and helps him. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 307, Boberg.

N455.9. N455.9. Location of sought object learned from overheard conversation. Korean: Zong in-Sob 69; Tonga: Gifford 54.

N455.10. N455.10. By hiding, stupid son overhears conversation and claims magic power for bamboo cup. Chinese: Graham.

N455.11. N455.11. Servant overhearing conversation realizes the misery of his employment. India: Thompson-Balys.

N455.12. N455.12. Men hear father threaten to marry daughters to first comers. India: Thompson-Balys.

N456. N456. Enigmatical smile (laugh) reveals secret knowledge. *Type 670; **Aarne FFC XV 31ff.; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 93 No. 153; Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 82; Krappe Revue Celtique XLVIII 401ff.; *Schoepperle I 198 n. 1; *Penzer I 46 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 358; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N465. N465. Secret physical peculiarity discovered by barber. (Midas.) See all references to F511.2.2. and D1316.5. Alphabet No. 268; Irish myth: *Cross; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 886 I*.

N465.0.1. N465.0.1. Secret physical blemish revealed by beaten handmaid. Irish myth: Cross.

N465.1. N465.1. Secret of person’s sleeplessness discovered by trickery. Irish myth: Cross.

N466. N466. Daughter lousing mother weeps and reveals secret. Chinese: Graham.

N467. N467. King in disguise to learn secrets of his subjects. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N468. N468. Newborn babe reveals secret; then becomes silent. India: Thompson-Balys.

N471. N471. Foolish attempt of second man to overhear secrets (from animals, demons etc.). He is punished. *Types 461, 503, 613, 676; *BP II 468ff., III 137ff., 324ff.; *Aarne FFC XXIII 169; *Christiansen FFC XXIV 103ff.; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 230b s.v. “Belauschen von Dдmonen”. -- Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 117; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda, Mitford 191; Korean: Zong in-Sob 151 No. 66; Indonesia: Dixon 216; N. A. Indian (Pochulata): Boas JAFL XXV 223; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 249ff. No. 2.

N475. N475. Secret name overheard by eavesdropper. *Type 500; *Clodd TomTit-Tot; *Polivka Zs. f. Vksk. X 254ff.; *Von Sydow Tvе Spinnsagor; Icelandic: Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 247 No. 23, 267 No. 75, 279 Nos. 92, 93; West Indies: Flowers 564.

N475.1. N475.1. Secret age overheard by eavesdropper. Man masking as cuckoo in tree causes the surprised ogre to disclose secret. BP I 497.

N475.2. N475.2. Secret reason why hero does not want to eat the food of the foreign king overheard by eavesdropper. Icelandic: Boberg.

N476. N476. Secret of unique vulnerability disclosed.

N476.1. N476.1. Secret of vulnerability voluntarily disclosed. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N476.2. N476.2. Man vulnerable only in armpits shot as he stretches his arms. India: Thompson-Balys.

N476.3. N476.3. Secret unique means of killing ogre overheard from children. Chinese: Graham.

N478. N478. Secret wealth betrayed by money left in borrowed money-scales. *Type 676; *BP III 137ff.; *Fb “skjжppe” III 275b; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 70 No. 545C*; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 336, 338; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 389.

N478.1. N478.1. Secret meat-eating betrayed by grease on mouth. Africa (Larusa): Fokken ZsKS VII 82ff. No. 1, (Masai): Hollis The Masai (Oxford, 1905) 212ff., (Mossi): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 239ff.

N481. N481. Secret escapes with man’s blood. Irish myth: Cross.

N482. N482. Secret learned by torture.

N482.1. N482.1. Secret learned by burning hand. *Cosquin Contes indiens 397ff.

N484. N484. Giant unwittingly reveals span of life to dwarf, who is thus emboldened to attack him. India: Thompson-Balys.

N500--N599.

N500--N599. Treasure trove.

N500. N500. Treasure trove. **Norlind Skattsдgner (bibliography 67f.); **Kittredge Witchcraft 204ff., 516ff.; *Fb “skat” III 234ff.; *Wehrhan 80f.; RTP XIV 71, 568, XVIII 418, XIX 306; *S. Hirschberg Schatzglaube und Totenglaube (Breslau, 1934); **Hurley WF X 197--216. -- Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 419ff., (1931) 293ff., A. Olrik Nordisk Aandsliv (Copenhagen, 1907) 8--87; Norwegian: Solheim Register 20; Irish myth: *Cross; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 69ff. Nos. 199--221; German: **Winter Die deutsche Schatzsage; Missouri French: Carriиre; U.S. (Texas): *Dobie Coronado‘s Children; Chinese: Graham.

N510. N510. Where treasure is found. Chinese: Graham.

N511. N511. Treasure in ground. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; U.S.: Baughman; Chinese: Graham.

N511.1. N511.1. Treasure buried by men. Irish myth: *Cross; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 692; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 425ff., (1931) 297ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

N511.1.0.1. N511.1.0.1. Treasure buried by dying man. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 128 No. 63; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 5 No. 63.

N511.1.0.2. N511.1.0.2. Sword hidden by old man. Herrmann Saxo II 306.

N511.1.1. N511.1.1. Treasure buried in graves. *Winter 11; Icelandic: *Boberg; Chinese: Graham.

N511.1.2. N511.1.2. Treasure buried in ancient settlements. *Winter 16.

N511.1.3. N511.1.3. Treasure buried in extraordinary topographical formations. *Winter 27.

N511.1.4. N511.1.4. Buried treasure wanders from place to place. Indicated by a light. (Cf. N532.) *Winter 30.

N511.1.5. N511.1.5. Treasure buried in woodshed. Type 935***.

N511.1.6. N511.1.6. Treasure in cellar of ruined house. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7.

N511.1.6.1. N511.1.6.1. Treasure found in ruined wall. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N511.1.7. N511.1.7. Treasure hidden by retreating army. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3740.

N511.1.8. N511.1.8. Treasure buried in chest, cask, kettle, or cannon barrel. (Cf. N525.) U.S.: *Baughman.

N511.1.9. N511.1.9. Treasure buried under tree. U.S.: Baughman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N511.1.10. N511.1.10. Treasure buried under flower. U.S.: Baughman.

N511.1.11. N511.1.11. Treasure buried on top of mountain. U.S.: Baughman.

N511.1.12. N511.1.12. Treasure buried on island. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

N511.1.13. N511.1.13. Treasure buried under stump. U.S.: Baughman; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

N511.2. N511.2. Natural underground treasure. *Winter 35; Icelandic: Boberg.

N511.3. N511.3. Treasure placed in ground by supernatural beings.

N511.3.1. N511.3.1. Treasure of mountain spirit. *Winter 36.

N511.3.2. N511.3.2. Treasure placed in old fortifications by supernatural beings. *Winter 38.

N511.4. N511.4. Treasure found in snake hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

N511.6. N511.6. Treasure under stone. A. F. Schmidt DF XXXIX 106ff.

N512. N512. Treasure in underground chamber (cavern). *Type 676; *Winter 23; *Hartland Science 174, 176, 189; Irish myth: *Cross; U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 39f., 221; Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 564.

N513. N513. Treasure hidden under the water. *Winter 19; *Fb “skat” III 235a; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 442ff., (1931) 305ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

N513.1. N513.1. Man jumps into the sea, river or waterfall with his treasure. Icelandic: Boberg.

N513.2. N513.2. Sword hidden under water. Icelandic: *Boberg.

N513.3. N513.3. Treasure hidden in spring. U.S.: Baughman.

N513.4. N513.4. Treasure hidden in river. U.S.: *Baughman.

N513.5. N513.5. Treasure buried in sunken ship. U.S.: *Baughman.

N513.6. N513.6. Queen‘s jewel-box thrown into tank floats to top during first week of new moon; light or large jewel on top reveals it to passersby. It disappears when someone tries to get it. India: Thompson-Balys.

N514. N514. Treasure hidden in religious shrine. *Winter 14.

N514.1. N514.1. Treasure hidden in sanctuary. Icelandic: Boberg.

N514.2. N514.2. Treasure in temple. Jewish: Neuman.

N516. N516. Treasure at end of rainbow. *Fb “regenbue” III 31b, “skat” III 235a; African: Werner African 234.

N517. N517. Treasure hidden in building.

N517.1. N517.1. Treasure hidden in secret room in house. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

N517.2. N517.2. Treasure hidden within wall (under floor) of house. Irish myth: Cross.

N518. N518. Gold found, concealed in bricks and successfully secured. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1669*.

N521. N521. Treasure left in stick. It accidentally falls apart. *Chauvin II 129 No. 137; Icelandic: *Boberg; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 129 No. 67.

N522. N522. Treasure hidden in pillow under dead man’s head. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 129 No. 66; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3622; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 45 No. 66.

N523. N523. Treasure hidden in a stone. India: Thompson-Balys.

N524. N524. Treasure found in beggar‘s hat. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N524.1. N524.1. Money found in the dead beggar’s coat. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 842*; Russian: Andrejev No. 842 I.

N525. N525. Treasure found in chest (kettle, cask). (Cf. N511.1.8.) Type 968*; *Fb “skat” III 236b; Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 78 Nos. 652--656; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

N526. N526. Treasure found in bundle of rags. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N527. N527. Treasure (money) carried by bird to nest. English: Wells 114 (Sir Isumbras); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 937*.

N527.1. N527.1. Diamond in meat carried to eagle‘s nest. *Chauvin VII 11 No. 373B n. 1.

N527.2. N527.2. Talisman found in bird’s stomach. India: Thompson-Balys.

N528. N528. Treasure found in hollow of tree. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

N529. N529. Where treasure is found--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

N529.1. N529.1. Lump of gold appears in Arabia at Christ‘s birth. Irish myth: Cross.

N529.2. N529.2. Pearl found in fish. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

N530. N530. Discovery of treasure. *Fb “skat” III 235a; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

N531. N531. Treasure discovered through dream. Type 834*; Scotland, England, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 693; Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 481ff., (1931) 323ff.; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas V 18; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 39 No. 5; West Indies: Flowers 564.

N531.1. N531.1. Dream of treasure on the bridge. A man dreams that if he goes to a distant city he will find treasure on a certain bridge. Finding no treasure, he tells his dream to a man who says that he too has dreamed of treasure at a certain place. He describes the place, which is the first man‘s home. When the latter returns home he finds the treasure. *Type 1645; **Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 289ff.; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 120 No. 101; *Hauffen Zs. f. Vksk. X 432; *Tille in Veckenstedt’s Zs. f. Vksk. III 132ff.; DeCock RTP XV 294; *Fb “skat” III 235a, “bro” IV 62b; *Chauvin VI 94 No. 258; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3636; Japanese: Ikeda.

N531.2. N531.2. Dream brings treasure: trade vineyards with neighbor. A treasure is found in the new vineyard. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 328.

N531.3. N531.3. Dream of treasure bought. Treasure has been seen by man‘s soul absent in sleep in form of a fly. The purchaser of the dream finds the treasure. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3520; Persian: Lorimer Persian Tales 311 No. 49; Japanese: Ikeda.

N531.4. N531.4. Grateful king advises merchant in dream to take treasure from his grave mound. Icelandic: ASB 14 p. 76 n., *Boberg.

N531.5. N531.5. Man dreams of large jars full of wealth, which he can get if he will sacrifice his wife for the getting. India: Thompson-Balys.

N532. N532. Light indicates hidden treasure. (Cf. N511.1.4.) *Fb “lys” II 480b; *Norlind 34ff., 57; England, U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 691, 694; Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 419ff., (1931) 293ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3632.

N532.1. N532.1. Half-moon close to the earth indicates hidden treasure. Icelandic: Boberg.

N533. N533. Treasure discovered by magic object.

N533.1. N533.1. Treasure discovered by clairvoyant vase. (Cf. D1323.2.) *Chauvin V 259 No. 154.

N533.2. N533.2. Treasure found by clairvoyant mirror. (Cf. D1323.1.) *Winter 83.

N533.3. N533.3. Treasure discovered by hand of unborn child. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 7 No. 645.

N533.4. N533.4. Consecrated wine used to discover treasure. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 77 No. 649.

N533.5. N533.5. Men find mines of copper, silver, gold and iron where balls fall. India: Thompson-Balys.

N534. N534. Treasure discovered by accident. Irish myth: Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 78 Nos. 652--656; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; West Indies: Flowers 565.

N534.1. N534.1. Stumble reveals depository of treasure. Irish myth: Cross.

N534.2. N534.2. Gold hoard found by cow stepping into hole. India: Thompson-Balys.

N534.3. N534.3. Saint sticks crozier into sod and finds pound of gold. Irish myth: Cross.

N534.4. N534.4. Information about treasure received from overheard conversation. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N534.5. N534.5. Poor boy accidentally finds deserted city with treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

N534.6. N534.6. Treasure found by man when he obeys call of nature. India: Thompson-Balys.

N534.7. N534.7. Man digging stones in the pavement finds a chest of treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

N534.7.1. N534.7.1. Men digging hole to plant rose-tree find treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

N534.8. N534.8. Jewel found accidentally on a bought donkey’s neck. Jewish: *Neuman.

N535. N535. Treasure indicated by statue (stone) with inscription, “Dig here”. *Spargo Virgil the Necromancer 363 n. 3; *Fb “skat” III 235a; *Oesterley No. 107; Danish: Blinkenberg Danske Studier (1928) 97ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N535.1. N535.1. Treasure indicated by stone cross on the ground. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N536. N536. Treasure pointed out by angels. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 188, 374.

N537. N537. Speaking bird tells where treasure is buried. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman, *bin Gorion Born Judas IV 29, 275; India: Thompson-Balys.

N538. N538. Treasure pointed out by supernatural creature (fairy, etc.). Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 75 No. 60; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 299, 624f., II 979.

N538.1. N538.1. Treasure pointed out by soul which has left body for this purpose. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N538.2. N538.2. Treasure from defeated giant. (Cf. F531.6.7, G610, D838.6.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

N541. N541. Treasure reveals itself only at certain times.

N541.1. N541.1. Treasure reveals itself only on Christmas at midnight (or Christmas Eve). Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294--308 passim; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3611.

N541.2. N541.2. Treasure reveals itself once a century. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 21.

N541.3. N541.3. Treasure found on Hallowe’en. Irish myth: Cross.

N541.4. N541.4. Treasure discovered at the Nativity of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

N542. N542. Special conditions for finding treasure. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 77 Nos. 642--644, 648; Japanese: Ikeda.

N542.1. N542.1. Treasure found if one goes with one-night old colt on to one-night old ice. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 45 No. 65**.

N542.2. N542.2. Treasure to be found when three-legged cat shrieks over the burial place. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 129 No. 69.

N543. N543. Certain person to find treasure. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3612, 3616, 3620.

N543.0.1. N543.0.1. Only particular persons see hidden treasure in its true form; others see it as coal, serpents, scorpions, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

N543.1. N543.1. Treasure to be found by hand that hid it. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 77 Nos. 638, 639; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 45 No. 64; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3611; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 128 No. 64.

N543.2. N543.2. Treasure to be found by man who plows with cock and harrows with hen. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 693; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 45 No. 65; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3615; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 129 No. 65.

N543.3. N543.3. Treasure to be found by man who marries original owner‘s daughter. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 129 No. 68.

N545. N545. Man in despair digging own grave finds treasure. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 288, 378.

N545.1. N545.1. Man in despair preparing to hang himself finds treasure in the tree (beam). Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3623; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N545.2. N545.2. Man ready to kill self hears voice directing him to buried fortune. India: Thompson-Balys.

N547. N547. Understanding of animal languages leads to discovery of a treasure. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 42.

N549. N549. Discovery of treasure--miscellaneous.

N549.1. N549.1. Four pots of rupees magically appear on horns of buffaloes stuck in pond, and poor owner becomes rich. India: Thompson-Balys

N550. N550. Unearthing hidden treasure. Irish myth: *Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

N550.1. N550.1. Continual failure to find or unearth hidden treasure. Texas: Dobie Coronado’s Children passim.

N551. N551. Who may unearth a treasure.

N551.1. N551.1. Only weak-minded person may unearth a treasure. Fb “sжr” III 723b.

N551.2. N551.2. Treasure may be unearthed only by man who on the spot has sexual relations with a woman in the manner of dogs. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

N552. N552. Treasure opens itself.

N552.1. N552.1. Treasure opens itself for destined hero. Icelandic: Boberg.

N553. N553. Tabus in effect while treasure is being unearthed.

N553.1. N553.1. Tabu: incontinence while treasure is being raised. Winter 77.

N553.2. N553.2. Unlucky encounter causes treasure-seekers to talk and thus lose treasure. *Fb “skat” III 236b; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 78f. Nos. 659, 664--672; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 439ff., 447ff., (1931) 304ff., 307ff.; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 692f.

N553.3. N553.3. Treasure finders must not take all of money. Fb “penge” II 803a.

N553.4. N553.4. Tabu: looking around while raising treasure. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 78, 80 Nos. 658, 668.

N553.5. N553.5. Tabu: fear of threatening animals while treasure is being raised. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 76 No. 636.

N554. N554. Ceremonies and prayers used at unearthing of treasure. *Winter 77.

N554.1. N554.1. Sacrifices at unearthing of treasure. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 76f. Nos. 637, 646.

N555. N555. Time favorable for unearthing treasure. *Winter 69.

N555.1. N555.1. Between midnight and cockcrow best time for unearthing treasure. Fb “midnat” II 587.

N555.2. N555.2. Treasure nearest to surface at full of moon. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 695.

N556. N556. Treasure-finders always frightened away. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 692; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3642; India: Thompson-Balys.

N557. N557. Treasure disappears after being uncovered. U.S.: Baughman.

N558. N558. Raised treasure turns into charcoal (shavings). If one takes it along it will turn back into gold. *Norlind 56; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 75f. Nos. 631--634; West Indies: Flowers 565.

N561. N561. Electric shock scares away treasure diggers. Scotland: Baughman.

N562. N562. Treasure removes itself from time to time. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 695.

N562.1. N562.1. Treasure having removed itself eventually returns. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 695.

N563. N563. Treasure seekers find hole from which treasure has recently been removed. (Often they have delayed searching for one reason or another, arrive too late.) U.S.: *Baughman.

N564. N564. Magic illusion prevents men from raising treasure. Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 447ff., (1931) 307ff.

N570. N570. Guardian of treasure. *Fb “skat” III 235b, 236a; *Winter 41; *Norlind 69ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 73ff. Nos. 623--629.

N571. N571. Devil (demon) as guardian of treasure. *Fb “skat” III 235b, “djжvel” IV 99b; *Kittredge Witchcraft 204f., 517 n. 8; *Penzer III 133n.; *Winter 41; U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 16 No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 678.

N571.1. N571.1. Ogre‘s son guardian of treasure trove. India: Thompson-Balys.

N572. N572. Woman as guardian of treasure.

N572.1. N572.1. “White woman” as guardian of treasure. *Norlind 69ff.; *Winter 47.

N572.2. N572.2. Swan maidens as guardians of treasure. *Norlind 71f.

N572.3. N572.3. Girl with ghostly treasure in boat. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3631.

N573. N573. Sleeping king in mountain as guardian of treasure. *Norlind 4ff.; Hartland Science 207.

N574. N574. Dwarf as guardian of treasure. *Winter 58.

N575. N575. Griffin as guardian of treasure. (Cf. B42.) Penzer I 104.

N576. N576. Ghosts prevent men from raising treasure. U.S.: Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 693; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 No. 30; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3642; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; West Indies: Flowers 565.

N576.1. N576.1. Voice of ghost scares away treasure seekers. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

N576.2. N576.2. Ghostly lights frighten treasure seekers. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

N576.3. N576.3. Ghost of treasure’s human owner as guardian. Icelandic: *Boberg.

N577. N577. Blind man carrying lame man as guardians of treasure. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

N581. N581. Treasure guarded by magic object. (Cf. D1560.)

N581.1. N581.1. Treasure guarded by magic millstone. U.S.: Baughman.

N582. N582. Serpent guards treasure. India: Thompson-Balys.

N583. N583. Angel as guardian of treasure. Jewish: Neuman.

N590. N590. Treasure trove--miscellaneous motifs.

N591. N591. Curse on treasure. Finder or owner to have bad luck. *Fb “skat” III 234b, 235b; Icelandic: *Boberg; N. A. Indian (Wampanoag): Knight JAFL XXXVIII 134; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 185.

N591. N591. Treasure from striking animal or person and disenchanting him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3627f.

N595. N595. Helper in hiding treasure killed in order that nobody may ever find it. Icelandic: Boberg.

N596. N596. Discovery of rich mine.

N596.1. N596.1. Rich mine discovered through dream. (Cf. N531.) U.S.: *Baughman.

N596.2. N596.2. Rich mine discovered by accidental breaking off of rock. U.S.: Baughman.

N597. N597. Discovery of underground oil pools.

N597.1. N597.1. Pools of underground oil discovered through dreams. (Cf. N531.) U.S.: Baughman.

N600--N699.

N600--N699. Other lucky accidents.

N610. N610. Accidental discovery of crime.

N611. N611. Criminal accidentally detected: “that is the first.” India: *Thompson-Balys.

N611.1. N611.1. Criminal accidentally detected: “that is the first”--sham wise man. The sham wise man employed to detect theft is feasted. As the servants enter with food he remarks to his wife, “That is the first” (course). (Or allowed to feast for three days remarks at end of first day “That is the first.”) The servants, thinking they are detected, confess. *Type 1641; BP II 401ff., *409; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 818; *Penzer III 75f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 302.

N611.1.1. N611.1.1. Name of criminal accidentally spoken out (identical with ordinary word in speech). India: *Thompson-Balys.

N611.2. N611.2. Criminal accidentally detected: “That is the first” -- sleepy woman counting her yawns. Robber hearing her flees. (Cf. N612.) *BP II 412; U.S.: Baughman.

N611.3. N611.3. Numskull bridegroom unwittingly sings out phrases that thieves mistake to mean he has detected them. India: Thompson-Balys.

N611.4. N611.4. Thief hears owner of house singing “Bore and throw out the earth” and thinks himself detected. Offers owner money to purchase his silence. India: Thompson-Balys.

N612. N612. Numskull talks to himself and frightens robbers away. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 211 No. 428, *215 No. 446; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N612.1. N612.1. Man scolds his ass and frightens robber away. While the man is absent from his ass the robber steals the man‘s coat. The ass brays and the man scolds him. The robber thinking he is discovered flees and leaves the coat. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 224 No. 62.

N613. N613. Numskull bribed to keep silent in elephant sale when he manifests interest, though utterly ignorant. India: Thompson-Balys.

N614. N614. Cane as evidence of robbery. A man believing that he has killed a robber forgets his cane. Later finds it in robber’s house. Type 961*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 961*; Russian: Andrejev No. 961*.

N615. N615. Murder revealed to thieves climbing into bank. Type 951B.

N617. N617. Impostor accidentally gives king talking bed which reveals his identity. India: Thompson-Balys.

N618. N618. Officer comes accidentally to the same building where the fugitive sleeps. Jewish: Neuman.

N620. N620. Accidental success in hunting or fishing.

N621. N621. Lucky shot with arrow--foot and ear of deer. Deer is scratching ear. *Fischer-Bolte 203ff.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 226 No. 38; Japanese: Ikeda.

N621.1. N621.1. Arrow accidentally makes shot for which prize is given. India: Thompson-Balys.

N622. N622. Game killed by jumping on it from above. Icelandic: Boberg.

N622.1. N622.1. Tortoise jumps from tree and breaks rhinoceros‘s back. India: Thompson-Balys.

N623. N623. Lucky cast of spear (weapon). Irish myth: Cross.

N623.1. N623.1. Lucky cast of spear--animal’s mouth pinned shut. Irish myth: Cross.

N623.2. N623.2. Lucky cast of ball: boy throws ball into mouth of hostile hound. Ball carries out entrails. Irish myth: *Cross.

N623.3. N623.3. Lucky cast of ball made of human brains -- ball sticks in head of enemy. Irish myth: *Cross.

N623.4. N623.4. Lucky cast from sling slays hostile queen. Irish myth: *Cross.

N624. N624. Man falls into well and accidentally kills cobra: rewarded. India: Thompson-Balys.

N625. N625. Fish jumps into boat of disheartened fisherman. Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 311), 141 (ST 472); Halm Aesop No. 24.

N626. N626. Ass falls into water and catches fish in his ear. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 744.

N627. N627. Destructive elephant eats poison man has prepared for himself. Man rewarded. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N630. N630. Accidental acquisition of treasure or money.

N633. N633. The early pupil finds the gold. An innkeeper hears that education makes one rich and enters school. He is scolded for coming late. He comes very early and in twilight finds a purse of gold. Type 1645*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1665*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1665*; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 1645@1.

N635. N635. The triple tax. A poet is given by the king the right to demand a coin of the first hunchback he meets, from the first man of a certain name, and from the first man of a certain city. He sees a hunchback and demands the coin. A quarrel arises in which it appears that the hunchback also has the required name and residence. With each revelation the poet demands a new coin. *Type 1661; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 194 No. 382; *Basset 1001 Contes I 521; Herbert III 87f., 249, 329, 509, 671; *Chauvin IX 19 No. 5; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 285; Alphabet No. 234; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Icelandic: Boberg.

N640. N640. Accidental healing. India: Thompson-Balys.

N641. N641. Patient laughs so at foolish diagnosis of sham physician that his abscess breaks and he gets well. She has been told to examine the floor around the patient‘s bed for signs of what he has been eating. She finds the patient surrounded with pillows: he has eaten too many pillows. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 19 No. 13, Theorie 163.

N641.1. N641.1. Patient laughs at monkey and cures himself. Monkey takes medicine and cuts capers as result. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 89.

N641.2. N641.2. Frog removed from queen‘s nose by telling such interesting story that she gives quick breath and dislodges him. India: Thompson-Balys.

N642. N642. Insane man accidentally cured by blow on head. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 36.

N642.1. N642.1. Blind and deaf cure each other by blow on head. India: Thompson-Balys.

N643. N643. Stinging of buttocks as cure for cough. Patient applies stinging medicine and makes himself sore. He represses his cough to keep from hurting his hindquarters and is finally cured. India: Thompson-Balys.

N644. N644. Cure by fall which causes bleeding. Irish myth: Cross.

N645. N645. Lost memory recovered in battle. Irish myth: Cross.

N646. N646. Man thinks to end life by drinking poisonous water, but it cures him. India: Thompson-Balys.

N647. N647. Thorn accidentally removed from cobra’s throat by woman‘s finger. Grateful cobra. India: Thompson-Balys.

N648. N648. King accidentally cured by doctor‘s ruse and excuses pretended inability to cure him. India: Thompson-Balys.

N650. N650. Life saved by accident.

N651. N651. Pet swan saves self by singing death song. Master about to mistake the swan in the dark for the goose that is to be slaughtered. Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 359), 143 (ST 487); Halm Aesop Nos. 215, 216.

N652. N652. Nut falls and wakes man about to be bitten by snake. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 285B*, Espinosa Jr. No. 57.

N653. N653. Child falls from cliff; uninjured. Irish myth: Cross.

N654. N654. Hero catches spear hurled at him and kills serpent with it. Irish myth: Cross.

N655. N655. Waves break caul of abandoned child. He is rescued. Irish myth: Cross.

N656. N656. Angry man strikes king just in time to save his life. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N657. N657. Warriors discover in the last moment that it is their own chief they are about to murder by burning. Icelandic: Boberg.

N658. N658. Husband arrives home just in time to save wife and her father from being burned to death in their home. Icelandic: Boberg.

N659. N659. Life saved by accident--miscellaneous.

N659.1. N659.1. Poisoned cakes intended for man by his wife eaten by thieves: booty left to man. India: Thompson-Balys.

N659.2. N659.2. Youth accidentally absent when entire family is wiped out. Greek: Grote I 106.

N660. N660. Accidental escapes. Irish myth: Cross.

N661. N661. Sleeping king abducted by fairies wakes when his foot touches water. They free him. Irish myth: *Cross.

N662. N662. Storm blows down tree and frees marooned tortoise. Africa (Nyang): Ittman 53.

N680. N680. Lucky accidents--miscellaneous.

N680.1. N680.1. Lucky fool. India: Thompson-Balys.

N680.2. N680.2. Series of lucky successes. India: Thompson-Balys.

N681. N681. Husband (lover) arrives home just as wife (mistress) is to marry another. *Types 301, 400, 665; **Splettstцsser Der heimkehrende Gatte und sein Weib in der Weltliteratur; *Chauvin V 108 No. 40; **Rajna Romania VI 359ff.; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XII 59, XXVIII 74 n. 2; *BP II 318ff., 335ff., IV 168 n. 6; *Huet RTP XXXII 97, 145; *Oesterley No. 193; Deutschbein I 3, 187; Herrmann Saxo II 84f.; *Boje 105, 116; *Child V 488 s.v. “marriage”; Boccaccio Decameron X No. 9 (Lee 343); Herbert III 193; *Dickson 141, 221 n. 15; Malone PMLA XLIII 432; *Kцhler-Bolte I 117, 584. -- Icelandic: *Boberg; Norwegian: Solheim Register 21; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 509*; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI No. 974@1; Russian: Andrejev No. 891*; Missouri French: Carriиre; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 84, 107 Nos. 750A, 896, Espinosa II Nos. 133--135, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 63, 68; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: v. Ronkel Catologus der Maleische Handschriften 263; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl 323ff., 334ff.; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 278 No. 90.

N681.0.1. N681.0.1. Return home to one‘s own funeral. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 250, Boberg.

N681.1. N681.1. Wife finds lost husband just as he is to marry another. Type 425; Tegethoff 52; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N681.2. N681.2. Ruler makes ready to abandon barren wife and marry another. He remains with her when he learns that she is with child. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N681.3. N681.3. Incest accidentally averted.

N681.3.1. N681.3.1. Man about to consummate marriage with own mother; accidentally prevented. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N681.3.2. N681.3.2. Man in love with his own sister accidentally learns her identity. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N681.4. N681.4. Son returns on day his mother is to be married to another (though her husband still lives). India: Thompson-Balys.

N682. N682. Prophecy of future greatness fulfilled when hero returns home unknown. Parents serve him. *Type 517.

N683. N683. Stranger accidentally chosen king. Picked up by sacred elephant. *Cosquin Contes indiens 320 n. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 68.

N684. N684. Naked soldier becomes general. Stripped for bathing he takes his place as guard when the king unexpectedly arrives. King invites him to come naked to the castle, where he is chosen as husband by a general‘s daughter. Type 1670*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1670*.

N685. N685. Fool passes as wise man by remaining silent. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 32; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N686. N686. Hero’s (heroine‘s) identity established as he (she) is on the point of being executed. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N687. N687. Hero unwittingly helps fee’s sons: rewarded. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 3.

N688. N688. What is in the dish: “Poor Crab”. A sham wise man named Crab is put to a test of his powers of divination. He is to tell what is in a covered dish (crabs). In despair he says, “Poor Crab!” and is given credit for knowing. *Type 1641; *BP II 401ff., 409; Louisiana French: Fortier MAFLS II 116; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 302; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 7f., 144; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 24ff. No. 3; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 182 No. 62.

N688.1. N688.1. Doctor know-all accidentally saves raja. Roof caves in after he has dragged raja out with the intention of killing him and putting an end to all of his questions. India: Thompson-Balys.

N691. N691. Objects accidentally picked up used to overawe ogress. India: Thompson-Balys; East Africa: Rattray Some Folk-Lore Stories and Songs in Chinvanja (London, 1907) 149ff. No. 24.

G570. Ogre overawed.

N691.1. N691.1. Numskull’s outcry overawes tiger who is carrying him on his back. Tiger thinks that words are the name of the “demon” riding him. India: Thompson-Balys.

N691.1.1. N691.1.1. Hero attempting to escape from tiger plays music and tiger follows. People marvel and give him money and he is rewarded with princess‘s hand. Korean: Zong in-Sob 149 No. 65.

N691.1.2. N691.1.2. Stupid man grabs tiger in the dark, ties it up, and saddles it, believing it to be a horse. It happens to be the tiger for whose capture a reward has been offered. India: Thompson-Balys.

N692. N692. Person reported lost joins unwittingly in search for himself.

N692.1. N692.1. Missing girl reveals identity and saves man condemned for kidnapping her. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 817.

N693. N693. Man sent away from battlefield to deliver message the only survivor of battle. Jewish: *Neuman.

N694. N694. Apparently dead woman revives as she is being prepared for burial. Cf. Type 990. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N694.1. N694.1. Apparently dead woman revives when dropped. Had swallowed a bone. Lover exhumes her. Stumbles as he carries her. She revives and later marries him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N695. N695. Passengers on a boat are terrorized by a cutthroat. He turns courteous and leaves them unharmed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N696. N696. Fugitive in tree urinates from fright: pursuers think it rain and leave. India: Thompson-Balys.

N696.1. N696.1. Man falls out of tree and frightens tiger away. India: Thompson-Balys.

N696.2. N696.2. Grinding stones carried by men seeking refuge in tree-top fall, killing their enemies below. India: Thompson-Balys.

N698. N698. Hawk carries off necklace from bathing queen and drops it by lucky girl, who gets reward. India: Thompson-Balys.

N699. N699. Other lucky accidents.

N699.1. N699.1. Father and brother accidentally return home just as they are most needed in fight. Icelandic: Boberg.

N699.2. N699.2. King‘s son comes home just at his father’s funeral, when the heritage has to be divided. Icelandic: Boberg.

N699.3. N699.3. Companions arrive as hero is about to be killed. Irish myth: Cross.

N699.4. N699.4. Orphan gets wife because swollen creek prevents marriage to someone else. Chinese: Graham.

N699.5. N699.5. Boy while cutting trees comes to one which happens to be bound up with the life of an ogre. Ogre bribes him with large fortune not to cut tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

N699.6. N699.6. Overheard wish is realized. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N700--N799.

N700--N799. Accidental encounters.

N700. N700. Accidental encounters.

N710. N710. Accidental meeting of hero and heroine.

N711. N711. King (prince) accidentally finds maiden and marries her. *Types 403, 451, 705, 709; *BP I 99ff., 295ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 80, 115; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N711.1. N711.1. King (prince) finds maiden in woods (tree) and marries her. *Types 450, 706, 710; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N711.2. N711.2. Hero finds maiden in (magic) castle. *Types 304, 400, 408, 410, 590; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N711.3. N711.3. Hero finds maiden in (magic) garden. *Types 550, 551, 706; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 106; India: Thompson-Balys.

N711.4. N711.4. Prince sees maiden at church and is enamored. *Types 510AB; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 111f., Espinosa Jr. No. 119.

N711.4.1. N711.4.1. Lovers meet at temple. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N711.5. N711.5. Prince (king) finds girl floating on water in basket: marries her. Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83ff.; Penzer II 5; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2; India: Thompson-Balys.

N711.6. N711.6. Prince sees heroine at ball and is enamored. *Type 510AB; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II 107--112, 154; Espinosa Jr. Nos. 123f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

N712. N712. Prince first sees heroine as she comes forth from her hiding-box. She has concealed herself until the favorable moment. *Cox 489; India: Thompson-Balys.

N712.1. N712.1. Princess concealed in trunk and sent to beggar, who marries her. India: Thompson-Balys.

N713. N713. King marries girl who finds lost object of his.

N713.1. N713.1. Princess catches raja‘s golden bird; he trails it to her palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

N713.2. N713.2. King marries girl who finds his lost ring. India: Thompson-Balys.

N715. N715. Lovers first see each other on shores of lake. M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII xxiii; India: Thompson-Balys.

N715.1. N715.1. Hero finds maiden at fountain (well, river). Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

N716. N716. Lover sees beloved first while she is bathing. II Samuel ch. 11; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N716.1. N716.1. Man stumbles on bathing maiden. Mono-Alu: Wheeler Nos. 8, 9, 31, 48.

N718. N718. Accidental meeting with the son of the only person who can overcome curse on hero. Icelandic: Boberg.

N721. N721. Runaway horse carries bride to her lover. Bridegroom unwittingly hires a horse belonging to his rival for his bride to ride to the wedding. A storm arises and the horse carries her to his master. *Bйdier Fabliaux 119, 473.

N723. N723. Girl sees man as he lies sleeping by wayside. India: Thompson-Balys.

N724. N724. Hunter accidentally discovers beautiful girl being secretly reared in a cave. Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 366.

N730. N730. Accidental reunion of families. *Chauvin VI 167ff. No. 327E; Boccaccio Decameron II Nos. 6, 8 (Lee 34, 39); Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 947.

N731. N731. Unexpected meeting of father and son. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

N731.1. N731.1. Unknown son returns to father‘s court. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 119 (Paris).

N731.1.1. N731.1.1. King unknowingly adopts his own lost son. India: Thompson-Balys.

N731.2. N731.2. Father-son combat. Neither knows who the other is. (Sohrab and Rustem.) **Potter Sohrab and Rustem; Deutschbein I 232ff.; Potter FL XV 216ff.; Rank Inzest-Motif 164ff.; Hibbard 227 n. 5; *Kцhler-Bolte II 256ff.; L. Wolff Hessische Blдtter f. Volksk. XXXIX 54--63. -- Irish: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 145, 169 (Cuchulainn, Fionn), Thurneysen 403ff.; English: Wells 135 (Sir Degare); Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 140 (Telegonos and Odysseus); Arabian: Burton Nights VII 89 n.; Persian Carnoy 332; Chinese: Werner Myths 315--319, Coyajee JPASB XXIV 179; Philippine: Dixon 235; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 508.

N731.2.1. N731.2.1. Hero fights with friend of father and then reveals himself. English: Wells 17 (Reinbrun, Gy son of Warwike).

N731.2.2. N731.2.2. Undesired combat between sworn (blood) brothers (foster brothers). Irish myth: *Cross.

N731.3. N731.3. Father unexpectedly meets abandoned son and reinstates him. Irish myth: Cross.

N731.4. N731.4. At execution block condemned man discovered to be king‘s unknown son. India: Thompson-Balys.

N732. N732. Accidental meeting of father and daughter. Missouri French: Carriиre.

N732.1. N732.1. Father unwittingly buys daughter who has been sold into slavery. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 389 n. 1 (Tisiphone).

N732.2. N732.2. Deserted daughter’s good fortune discovered by accident. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 348 n. 251.

N732.2.1. N732.2.1. Daughter‘s good fortune accidentally discovered by father who has become a beggar. Chinese: Graham.

N732.3. N732.3. Parents accidentally meet daughter who has survived their attempts to drown her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N733. N733. Accidental meeting of brothers. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

N733.1. N733.1. Brothers unwittingly fight each other. (Cf. N731.2.2.) Dickson 100, 109, 153; Icelandic: Boberg; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/317).

N733.2. N733.2. Brother unwittingly kills half brother in fight. Icelandic: Boberg.

N733.3. N733.3. Joseph and his brethren. Elder brothers unwittingly come to maltreated youngest in great need. Eventual recognition. India: Thompson-Balys.

N733.4. N733.4. Two returning brothers unwittingly purchase bird, which is transformed youngest brother, as present intended for him. India: Thompson-Balys.

N733.5. N733.5. Brothers accidentally reunited when wedding of one to a king’s daughter is celebrated and neighboring rulers are invited. India: Thompson-Balys.

N734. N734. Accidental meeting of brother and sister. Irish myth: Cross.

N734.1. N734.1. Slaves ordered married discover they are brother and sister. Irish myth: Cross.

N734.2. N734.2. Saint prays with woman; learns she is his sister. Irish myth: Cross.

N735. N735. Accidental meeting of mother and son. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

N735.1. N735.1. Begging ascetics beg alms of their own mother. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 511.

N736. N736. Accidental meeting of mother and daughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

N737. N737. Accidental reunion of lovers. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N738. N738. Accidental meeting of nephew and uncle. Hero takes refuge unwittingly at his uncle’s court. *Dickson 143 n. 143; Icelandic: *Boberg.

N738.1. N738.1. Uncle and nephew unwittingly about to kill one another. Icelandic: Boberg.

N741. N741. Unexpected meeting of husband and wife. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N741.1. N741.1. Concealed wife. Unknown wife supernaturally conceals herself until the favorable moment to come forward. Italian: Crane 340; Greek: Garnett II 18; Hindu: Rouse FL V 85.

N741.2. N741.2. Husband and wife become separated in shipwreck. Wife unexpectedly meets husband on street. They are reunited. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N741.3. N741.3. Slandered queen chances to be in Rome at the same time as her estranged husband. Reconciled by the Pope. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N741.3.1. N741.3.1. Calumniated wife is forced to flee. (Cf. K2210.) Reunited by chance after many years at Emperor‘s court. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N741.4. N741.4. Husband and wife reunited after long separation and tedious quest. India: Thompson-Balys.

N741.5. N741.5. Maiden found in magic garden; prince’s wife in former life. India: Thompson-Balys.

N743. N743. Accidental meeting of sisters. India: Thompson-Balys.

N745. N745. Accidental meeting of seeker of exiled prince with prince at meal. Messenger in pilgrim garb invites unknown prince to eat with him. Recognition. *Boje 85.

N746. N746. Accidental meeting of cousins. Icelandic: borsteins saga Vнk. 446, Boberg.

N760. N760. Other accidental encounters.

N761. N761. Unexpected encounter in oasis. Malone PMLA XLIII 398.

N762. N762. Person accidentally met unexpectedly knows the other‘s name. Icelandic: *Boberg.

N763. N763. Hero captured by man he has formerly rescued: rewarded. *Type 953; Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 25.

N764. N764. Unexpected meeting with wild man. (Cf. F567.) Dickson 122 n. 72; Missouri French: Carriиre.

N765. N765. Meeting with robber band. Dickson 68 n. 14.

N766. N766. Unwitting adultery with blood-brother’s wife. *Type 1364; Wesselski Mдrchen 187 No. 2.

N767. N767. Unwitting combat between sons of friends. Recognition and reconciliation. (Cf. N731.2.) Greek: Fox 128 (Glaukos and Diomedes).

N768. N768. Abandoned children accidentally discovered by villainess. India: Thompson-Balys.

N770. N770. Experiences leading to adventures.

N770.0.1. N770.0.1. Feast as occasion for the beginning of adventures or the arrival of questers. Irish myth: *Cross.

N771. N771. King (prince) lost on hunt has adventures. *BP I 432 n. 2; *Kцhler-Bolte II 408ff.; Dickson 93, 123 n. 75; Malone PMLA XLIII 398; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 8, V No. 5; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N771.1. N771.1. King on hunt is taken prisoner. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 120 --40.

N771.2. N771.2. Girls going in the wood for nuts have adventures. Icelandic: *Boberg.

N772. N772. Parting at crossroads to go on adventures. *Type 303; *Ranke FFC CXIV (motif B2); India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

N773. N773. Adventure from following animal to cave (lower world). *Type 301; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 66 No. 508 A*, Espinosa Jr. No. 67; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 163; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 74.

N773.1. N773.1. Adventure from following ogre to cave. India: Thompson-Balys.

N773.2. N773.2. Adventure from returning for forgotten comb. India: Thompson-Balys.

N774. N774. Adventures from pursuing enchanted animal (hind, boar, bird). (Guiding Beast.) Types 710 (Grimm No. 3), 425; *Tegethoff 14; **Pschmadt Die Sage von der verfolgten Hinde (Greifswald, 1911); Dickson 53f.; Clouston Tales I 215; *Fb “hjort” I 625a; Hibbard 244 (Chevalere Assigne). -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Lagerholm 25--26, Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxxiii, *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 9, *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; New Britain: Dixon 140.

N774.1. N774.1. Adventure from pursuing thieving birds. Type 610; India: Thompson-Balys.

N774.2. N774.2. Adventures from seeking (lost) domestic beast (bull). Type 511; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

N774.3. N774.3. Adventures from pursuing animal (not magic). India: *Thompson-Balys.

N774.3.1. N774.3.1. Runaway ox leads pursuer to burial place of Adam and Eve. Jewish: *Neuman.

N775. N775. Race with fairies leads to adventures. Irish myth: Cross.

N776. N776. Light seen from tree lodging place at night leads to adventures. *Type 130, 327; *Aarne FFC XI 111; BP I 115ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Japanese: Ikeda.

N776.1. N776.1. Climbing tree to look around leads to adventures. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

N776.2. N776.2. Adventures from trying to strangle oneself in tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

N776.3. N776.3. Adventures from having slept beneath tree. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N777. N777. Dropped ball (basket) leads to adventures when recovery is attempted. Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 10 (Type 440).

N777.1. N777.1. Adventures encountered in running after cotton being blown away by wind. Type 480; *Roberts 130; India: Thompson-Balys.

N777.2. N777.2. Bucket dropped into well leads to adventures. Type 480; *Roberts 125.

N777.3. N777.3. Flax dropped into well leads to adventures. Type 480; *Roberts 125.

N777.4. N777.4. Spindle dropped into well leads to adventures. Type 480; *Roberts 125.

N778. N778. Taking refuge in a grave leads to adventure. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

N781. N781. Hero embarks in rudderless boat. Kцhler-Bolte I 189; *Schoepperle Tristan and Isolt II 370ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

N782. N782. Mother‘s parting gift to adventuring son: the two loaves of bread. One for hunger, one for overeating. India: Thompson-Balys.

N783. N783. Broken vessel (calabash, etc.) to be mended leads to adventure. Africa (Guinea Coast): Trautmann La Litterature а la Cфte des Esclaves (Paris, 1927), West Africa: Travйlй Proverbes et contes Bambara (Paris, 1923) 205ff., No. 66, Frobenius Atlantis VIII 274ff. No. 120.

N784. N784. Shouting after bathing: adventures follow. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 88.

N785. N785. Adventures from seeking water. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

N785.1. N785.1. Man hunting honey encounters lost maiden, returns her to her parents. Africa (Fang): Tessman 121.

N786. N786. Anchor catching in oratory of submarine monastery leads to adventures. Irish myth: Cross.

N788. N788. Incidents when wife takes food to husband in field or forest. India: Thompson-Balys.

N791. N791. Adventures from pursuing object carried off by river. Type 480; Roberts 129.

N792. N792. Adventures from pursuing objects carried off by bird. Type 480; Roberts 130.

N800--N899.

N800--N899. Helpers.

N800. N800. Helpers.

N801. N801. Helper grateful for being bought from slavery. Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 97.

N810. N810. Supernatural helpers. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 111f., Espinosa Jr. Nos. 117, 138, 140, 149, 202--204; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N810.1. N810.1. Invisible guardians. Hindu: Tawney I 193, 544; Icelandic: *Boberg.

N810.2. N810.2. Helper‘s beard and eyebrows cut. Only after hero has performed this service is help forthcoming. *BP II 392.

N810.3. N810.3. Hero’s divine father as helper. India: Thompson-Balys.

N810.4. N810.4. Supernatural helper comes from sky. Korean: Zong in-Sob 65 No. 35.

N810.5. N810.5. Supernatural person disguised as servant as helper. Irish myth: *Cross.

N810.6. N810.6. Saint disguised (as poor man) as helper. Irish myth: Cross.

N811. N811. Supernatural godfather. A king chooses as the godfather of his son the first man he meets. The godfather proves to be supernatural. *Type 652; *BP I 377ff., II 121ff., III 18.

N812. N812. Giant or ogre as helper. *Types 531, 709; Bцklen 84ff.; BP III 18ff.; Malone PMLA XLIII 412; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 471; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 44, (Benga): Nassau 208ff.

D812.11. Magic object received from giant.

N812.0.1. N812.0.1. Giant‘s help secured by feeding him. *Type 531; BP III 18ff.

N812.1. N812.1. Wise giant as foster father of hero. Icelandic: Olrik Sakses Oldhistorie I (1892) 40ff., *Boberg.

N812.2. N812.2. Giantess as foster mother and helper of hero. Icelandic: *Boberg.

N812.3. N812.3. Grateful giantess as helper. Icelandic: *Boberg.

N812.4. N812.4. Giantess helps the man she loves. Icelandic: *Boberg.

N812.5. N812.5. Monster grateful to hero for being spared becomes helpful. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N812.6. N812.6. Ogre magically produces water for caravan. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 15.

N812.7. N812.7. Chief with three supernatural ogre helpers. Marquesas: Handy 76.

N813. N813. Helpful genie (spirit). *Types 561, 562; *Aarne MSFO XXV 3--82; *BP II 535ff., 547ff.; *Fischer-Bolte 215.--Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1302; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 182; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 67, 140, 142; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 438, 442; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 319, 369, 375; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1007, 13/174, 221), Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 520f., Beckwith Myth 450; S. A. Indian (Mura): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 36; Africa (Fang): Tessman 194.

N814. N814. Helpful angel. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 535b; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

N814.1. N814.1. Man carried through air by angel. Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 117, 374.

N815. N815. Fairy as helper. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N815.0.1. N815.0.1. Helpful tree-spirit. (Cf. F441.2.) India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 534.

N815.0.2. N815.0.2. Helpful water-spirit. (Cf. F420.) India: Thompson-Balys.

N815.0.2.1. N815.0.2.1. Gift of gold bracelet from river goddess. (Cf. A4215.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

N815.1. N815.1. Fairy nurse as helper. Irish myth: Cross.

N816. N816. Santa Claus as bringer of Christmas gifts. *Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 121 nn. 7--9.

N817. N817. Deity as helper. Greek: Iliad and Odyssey passim; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 840, II 504.

N817.0.1. N817.0.1. God as helper. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 22, 111, 174.

N817.0.2. N817.0.2. Goddess as helper. Greek: Grote I 54; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 979.

N817.1. N817.1. Gods discuss means of settling dispute among girl’s suitors. Venus has girl make her own choice. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N818. N818. Sky as helper. Africa (Thonga): Junod 266ff.

N818.1. N818.1. Sun as helper. India: Thompson-Balys.

N819. N819. Supernatural helpers--miscellaneous.

N819.1. N819.1. Immortal as helper. Chinese: Graham.

N819.2. N819.2. Transformed person as helper. Chinese: Graham.

N819.2.1. N819.2.1. Transformed mother as helper. Chinese: Graham.

N819.3. N819.3. Helpful vital heads. India: Thompson-Balys.

N819.3.1. N819.3.1. Helpful speaking skull. India: Thompson-Balys.

N819.4. N819.4. Supernatural medicine-man as helper. S. A. Indian (Tupenamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 168.

N820. N820. Human helpers.

N821. N821. Help from little man. *Types 513B, 570; *BP III 267ff.

N822. N822. Lame boy (girl) as helper. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 35, 58, 248, 280.

N825. N825. Old person as helper. Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103, 119--121, 126--132.

N825.1. N825.1. Childless old couple adopt hero. Malone: PMLA XLIII 399.

N825.2. N825.2. Old man helper. *Types 307, 329, 480, 512*; *BP III 365ff., 534ff.; *Chauvin VI 109 No. 273 n. 1; Roberts 150. -- Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 75, 99 --103, 138f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/174); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 461; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 88 No. 4; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 83.

N825.3. N825.3. Old woman helper. *Types 316, 400, 480, 707; *BP II 380ff., 466; *Cosquin Йtudes 563; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I s.v. “Alte im Walde”; Roberts 150. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 7; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “vieille”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9, Rotunda; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103, 126--132, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 107, 109; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 63, 166; Polynesia (general): Beckwith Myth chapt. 17 passim; Hawaii: ibid. 257--264, 491; Tahiti: ibid. 251; Tonga: Gifford 156; Maori: Dixon 59; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen II 162; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 180; Africa: Werner African 233, (Ekoi): Talbot 18, 207, 235, 364, (Basuto): Jacottet 118 No. 17, 142 No. 20, 204 No. 30, 226 No. 33, (Kaffir): Theal 48ff., 82, 145, (Zanzibar): Bateman 128 No. 7, (Angola): Chatelain 47 No. 1, 57 No. 2, 93 No. 5, (Zulu): Callaway 217.

N825.3.1. N825.3.1. Help from old beggar woman. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 248b; BP III 206 (Grimm No. 150.)

N825.3.2. N825.3.2. Old woman by spring as helper. *Type 480; Roberts 151; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7.

N825.3.3. N825.3.3. Help from grandmother. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

N826. N826. Help from beggar. (Cf. N825.3.1.) *Type 531; Fb “tigger” III 794b; India: Thompson-Balys.

N827. N827. Child as helper. (Cf. N832.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 105 No. 860; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 47.

N828. N828. Wise woman as helper. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 3.

N831. N831. Girl as helper. Types 311, 313; Dickson 52f.; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 71; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N831.1. N831.1. Mysterious housekeeper. Men find their house mysteriously put in order. Discover that it is done by a girl (frequently an animal transformed into a girl). *Type 709; **Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien 89ff.; MacCulloch Childhood 261; *BP I 450ff.; Hatt Asiatic Influences 96--102. -- Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “menage”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 71--74, 81, Espinosa II No. 114, Boggs FFC XC 48 No. 327D*; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 6; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 30; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 152, Dixon 218; New Britain, Philippine, Melanesia: Dixon 110 n. 25, 224 nn. 27, 28; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 34; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 88, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 223; N.A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 335 n. 207; S. A. Indian: *Jijena Sanchez 23, (Surinam): Alexander Lat. Am. 274; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 134, 136, (Basuto): Jacottet 110 No. 16, (Kaffir): Theal 74, (Congo): Weeks 215 No. 11, (Zulu): Callaway 124.

N831.1.1. N831.1.1. Mysterious housekeeper is fairy mistress. Irish myth: *Cross.

N832. N832. Boy as helper. (Cf. N827). Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

N832.1. N832.1. Boy as mysterious housekeeper for buffalo herd. (Cf. H831.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

N832.2. N832.2. Sons as helpers. Type 551; Icelandic: Boberg.

N835. N835. Wealthy (powerful) man as helper. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14.

N836. N836. King as helper. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

N836.1. N836.1. King adopts hero (heroine). English: Wells 8 (King Horn), 11 (Horn Childe and Maiden Rimnild), 17 (Reinbrun, Gy sone of Warwike), 20 (William of Palerne), 115 (Sir Eglamour of Artois), 117 (Sir Torrent of Portyngale); Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N836.2. N836.2. Each of four kings does something to save dying falcon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N836.3. N836.3. King helps princes in exile to avenge their father and take their homeland back. Icelandic: Boberg.

N837. N837. Queen as helper. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 239.

N838. N838. Hero (culture hero) as helper. Irish myth: *Cross.

N841. N841. Shepherd as helper. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 54 No. 405A*, Espinosa Jr. No. 215; Chinese: Graham.

N842. N842. Cook as helper.

N842.1. N842.1. Cook as foster father. Arabian: Burton I 226.

N843. N843. Hermit as helper. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 70 No. 535, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 129, 139; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Tawney I 486, II 146.

N844. N844. Dervish as helper. Malone PMLA XLIII 400.

N844.1. N844.1. Sadhu as helper. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N844.2. N844.2. Fakir as helper. India: *Thompson-Balys.

N845. N845. Magician as helper. Dickson 121 n. 64; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3669, Legends No. 621; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1386, 13/203, 317).

N846. N846. Cleric as helper.

N846.1. N846.1. Palmer as helper. Dickson 63.

N846.2. N846.2. Priest as helper. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1174).

N847. N847. Prophet as helper. Moreno Esdras (N829); Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

N848. N848. Saint (pious man) as helper. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

N848.0.1. N848.0.1. Holy man as helper. India: Thompson-Balys.

N848.1. N848.1. Hero ransoms maltreated picture of a saint. As reward he gets help from the grateful saint. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 506C*.

N848.2. N848.2. A wise man (saint, brahmin) recognizes that a man unwittingly carries a venomous serpent in his proviant sack and warns him. Krappe Moyen Age (1937) No. 4.

N851. N851. Merchant as helper. Malone PMLA XLIII 409; India: Thompson-Balys.

N852. N852. Soldier as helper. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

N854. N854. Peasant as helper. Icelandic: Бsmundar saga Kappabana 472, Boberg.

N854.1. N854.1. Peasant as foster father. Icelandic: Boberg.

N855. N855. Helpful smith. Missouri French: Carriиre.

N855.1. N855.1. Smith as foster father. *Von Sydow Sigurds strid med Fеvne 19ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

N856. N856. Helpful forester. English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne).

N856.1. N856.1. Forester as foster father. *Type 652; BP II 121ff., *122; Icelandic: Boberg.

N856.2. N856.2. Cowherd as foster father. Irish myth: Cross.

N857. N857. Enemy’s servant as helper. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

N861. N861. Foundling helper. Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 96; Icelandic: Boberg.

N863. N863. Slave (swineherd) as helper of princess. Icelandic: *Boberg.

H38.3. Slave recognized by his conversation, habits and character.

N864. N864. Leper as helper. Irish myth: *Cross.

N884. N884. Robber as helper. West Africa: Nassau Fetischism in West Africa (London, 1904) No. 2.

N884.1. N884.1. Robber helps king. *Type 952; *BP III 450ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

N886. N886. Blind man carries lame man. They thus combine and are able to get along. *Type 519; *Wesselski Arlotto II 255 n. 1; Herbert III 192; Oesterley No. 71; Scala Celi 23b No. 151. -- Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 68, *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 53; N. A. Indian (Navaho): Alexander N. Am. 174.

N886.1. N886.1. Hunchback leads blind man. India: Thompson-Balys.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Society

P. SOCIETY

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

P0--P99. Royalty and nobility

P0. Royalty and nobility

P10. Kings

P20. Queens

P30. Princes

P40. Princesses

P50. Noblemen (knights)

P60. Noble (gentle) ladies

P90. Royalty and nobility--miscellaneous

P100--P199. Other social orders

P110. Royal ministers

P120. Church dignitaries

P150. Rich men

P160. Beggars

P170. Slaves

P190. Other social orders--miscellaneous

P200--P299. The family

P200. The family

P210. Husband and wife

P230. Parents and children

P250. Brothers and sisters

P260. Relations by law

P270. Foster relatives

P280. Steprelatives

P290. Other relatives

P300--P399. Other social relationships

P310. Friendship

P320. Hospitality

P340. Teacher and pupil

P360. Master and servant

P400--P499. Trades and professions

P400. Trades and professions

P410. Laborers

P420. Learned professions

P430. Financiers and merchants

P440. Artisans

P460. Other trades and professions

P500--P599. Government

P500. Government

P510. Law courts

P550. Military affairs

P600--P699. Customs

P600. Customs.

P700--P799. Society--miscellaneous motifs

P710. Nations

P.

P. SOCIETY

P0--P99.

P0--P99. Royalty and nobility.

P0. P0. Royalty and nobility.

P3. P3. Issue of marriage of brother and sister of highest chiefly rank is a god. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 521.

P10. P10. Kings. Jewish: *Neuman.

P10.1. P10.1. Special place where occur births of royalty. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 376.

P11. P11. Choice of kings. India: Thompson-Balys.

P11.0.1. P11.0.1. Prophecy that brother who first kisses saint will be king. Irish myth: Cross.

P11.0.2. P11.0.2. Choice of king of trees.

P11.0.2.1. P11.0.2.1. Bramble chosen king of trees. Herbert III 34; Hebrew: Judges 9: 8--15.

P11.1. P11.1. Choice of kings by divine will. *Egerton JAOS XXXIII 158; Krappe Revue Hispanique LVI (1922) 5--24; *Penzer V 175ff.; *Chauvin VI 75 No. 239; India: Thompson-Balys.

P11.1.1. P11.1.1. Kings chosen by lot. *Chauvin VI 75 No. 239; Africa (Swahili): Steere 141.

P11.2. P11.2. Winner of contest to be king. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 269; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

P11.2.1. P11.2.1. King chosen by contest: princes finding greatest fault with their father. Youngest can find no fault and is chosen. Type 924**.

P11.2.2. P11.2.2. King chosen by contest. Irish myth: Cross.

P11.2.2.1. P11.2.2.1. The one of two giant brothers who performs the greatest feat and procures the wildest dog elected as king. Icelandic: Boberg.

P11.2.3. P11.2.3. The one of two giant brothers who gets the most skillful princess elected as king. Icelandic: Boberg.

P11.3. P11.3. Owner of magic object chosen as king. India: Thompson-Balys.

P11.4. P11.4. King chosen on basis of strength and exploits. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P11.4.1. P11.4.1. He who can open palace door to be king. India: Thompson-Balys.

P11.4.2. P11.4.2. Amasser of largest fortune to be king. India: Thompson-Balys.

P11.5. P11.5. He who can fill out a certain wide seat chosen as king. Icelandic: Boberg.

P11.6. P11.6. Inauguration of king as espousal to goddess. Irish myth: *Cross.

P12. P12. Character of kings.

P12.1. P12.1. Hunting a madness of kings. Penzer II 127; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

P12.2. P12.2. Injustice deadliest of monarch’s sins. Penzer I 124 n. 1.

P12.2.1. P12.2.1. Tyrannical king. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

P12.3. P12.3. Usurper imposes burdensome taxes. Dickson 175 n. 39.

P12.4. P12.4. King who intends rape killed. Attackers flee into exile. Irish myth: Cross.

P12.5. P12.5. Good king never retreats in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

P12.5.0.1. P12.5.0.1. Dead king carried into battle in his war-chariot. Irish myth: Cross.

P12.5.1. P12.5.1. King in battle hides in ditch, with earth piled around him. Irish myth: *Cross.

P12.6. P12.6. Just king brings good fortune upon people. Irish myth: *Cross.

P12.6.1. P12.6.1. Four duties of king to subjects: devotion, protection of subjects, justice, and increase of his kingdom. India: Thompson-Balys.

P12.7. P12.7. Clever king knows everything in advance. Icelandic: Boberg.

P12.8. P12.8. King banishes nobleman whose castle he wants. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P12.9. P12.9. Nobility of character a mark of kings. Kings overcomes passion for beautiful captives and sends them back untouched to their people. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P12.10. P12.10. King is superior to all in strength, beauty, largeness, etc., and usually has victory. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

P12.11. P12.11. Uxorious king neglects duties. India: Thompson-Balys.

P12.12. P12.12. King avenges lack of homage. India: Thompson-Balys.

P12.13. P12.13. King quick to anger. India: Thompson-Balys.

P12.13.1. P12.13.1. King to be seen after anger cools. India: Thompson-Balys.

P12.14. P12.14. Modesty of king. Jewish: *Neuman.

P13. P13. Customs connected with kings. Irish myth: *Cross.

P13.0.1. P13.0.1. Privileges of under-king. Irish myth: Cross.

P13.0.2. P13.0.2. Duties of under-king‘s retainers. Irish myth: Cross.

P13.1. P13.1. King cannot judge without crown. Fb “konge” II 264b.

P13.2. P13.2. Mismanagement of king’s treasury a mortal offense. Fb “penge” II 803a.

P13.3. P13.3. Royal purple (golden diadem) worn as sign of royalty. Irish myth: Cross.

P13.3.1. P13.3.1. Kingly insignia worn only on field of battle. Irish myth: Cross.

P13.3.2. P13.3.2. Ring can make or unmake a king. India: Thompson-Balys.

P13.4. P13.4. King must marry. Irish myth: Cross.

P13.5. P13.5. Crowning of kings. Icelandic: *Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 986.

P13.5.1. P13.5.1. Anointing of kings. Jewish: *Neuman.

P13.6. P13.6. Custom to appoint a king by day and slay him at night. India: Thompson-Balys.

P13.7. P13.7. Royal anniversaries. Jewish: *Neuman.

P13.8. P13.8. King must never be present at funeral. Jewish: *Neuman.

P13.9. P13.9. Royal perquisites.

P13.9.1. P13.9.1. King has first choice in booty. Jewish: Neuman.

P13.9.2. P13.9.2. Fifth of the land‘s production belongs to king. Jewish: *Neuman.

P14. P14. Particular practices of kings.

P14.1. P14.1. Prisoners released as celebration of king’s success. *Chauvin VI 101 No. 269 n. 2; Babylonian: Spence 59.

P14.2. P14.2. King will not permit a one-eyed man in his presence. *Chauvin V 160 No. 84 n. 1.

P14.3. P14.3. King playing chess when important news arrives. *Dickson 233 n. 30; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P14.4. P14.4. King orders all gold brought to him. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 77.

P14.5. P14.5. King never touches earth: carried always by slaves. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 121.

P14.6. P14.6. King‘s (prince’s) sulking chamber. He sulks here until his wishes are carried out. India: *Thompson-Balys.

P14.7. P14.7. None permitted to enter hall of king unless he possesses an art. Irish myth: Cross.

P14.8. P14.8. King does not want men who are unable to engage in any sport. Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 142--43.

P14.8.1. P14.8.1. King asks all newcomers what they can do and expects a prompt answer. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P14.9. P14.9. Law that nobody may give the king bad tidings. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P14.10. P14.10. Kings have seat on hills. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

P14.11. P14.11. King angry at hero who rides straight into the castle without permission. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 28 (26).

P14.12. P14.12. King has his own gifts stolen back for him. India: Thompson-Balys.

P14.13. P14.13. King gives his own wife as reward. India: Thompson-Balys.

P14.14. P14.14. King requires everyone who comes before him to tell a story. Irish myth: Cross.

P14.15. P14.15. King has champion to enforce respect. Irish myth: Cross.

P14.15.1. P14.15.1. Old, wise counsellor of court. Irish myth: Cross.

P14.15.2. P14.15.2. Court messenger. Irish myth: Cross.

P14.16. P14.16. Threefold division of king‘s day: one third dedicated to watching boys at play; one third to playing fidehell (chess?); one third to drinking. Irish myth: Cross.

P14.17. P14.17. King’s stronghold on island. Irish myth: Cross.

P14.18. P14.18. King orders man whose neck the rope will fit to be executed. India: Thompson-Balys.

P14.19. P14.19. King goes in disguise at night to observe his subjects. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 424, 908.

P14.20. P14.20. Tom-tom beater to spread the news of kingship. India: *Thompson-Balys.

P14.21. P14.21. King shows himself in public only one day a year. Jewish: *Neuman.

P14.22. P14.22. King keeps lions as pets and a lion-tamer at his palace. Jewish: Neuman.

P14.23. P14.23. King does not eat much during years of famine in order not to forget the hungry. Jewish: *Neuman.

P15. P15. Adventures of kings.

P15.1. P15.1. Disguised king punished by peasant. Beaten because he does not get up early enough. (King Alfred and the cakes.) *BP III 451 n. 1.

P15.1.1. P15.1.1. Disguised king taught courtesy by peasant. English: Wells 94 (The Taill of Rauf Coilyear).

P15.1.2. P15.1.2. King pardons person who has made mistake of addressing one of his courtiers as king. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P15.2. P15.2. King demands subject’s wife for himself. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

P15.2.1. P15.2.1. King carries off subject’s wife and makes her his own. India: Thompson-Balys.

P15.3. P15.3. King loses his kingdom to impostor. (Cf. K1934.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

P15.4. P15.4. King is cursed by disguised dwarf-smiths whose work he criticised. Icelandic: Бsmundar saga Kappabana 466.

P15.5. P15.5. King frees man sent by rival king to kill him. He sees bravery in the would-be assassin. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P15.6. P15.6. King descends to bottom of sea in glass barrel to study ways of fishes. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P15.7. P15.7. King himself works at brick building so that subjects cannot complain of enforced labor. Jewish: *Neuman.

P15.8. P15.8. Subjects drive their ruler away after he has made them do forced labor. India: Thompson-Balys.

P16. P16. End of king‘s reign.

P16.1. P16.1. King (prince) retires from the world (becomes hermit, swineherd). *Chauvin VI 194 No. 363; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P16.1.1. P16.1.1. King on retiring orders funeral obsequies given him. Chauvin VIII 115 No. 98.

P16.1.2. P16.1.2. King learning of queen‘s adultery abdicates. India: Thompson-Balys.

P16.1.3. P16.1.3. The higher the office held in this world, the heavier the judgment of God: Cuchulinn’s reason for abjuring kingship. Irish myth: Cross.

P16.1.4. P16.1.4. Father abdicates in favor of son. India: Thompson-Balys.

P16.2. P16.2. King must resign if maimed (disfigured). Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 25, Cross.

P16.2.1. P16.2.1. King must resign if he begets natural son. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P16.3. P16.3. King killed when old. Hawaii: Beckwith 409f.; Tonga: Gifford 31.

P16.3.0.1. P16.3.0.1. King commits suicide. Irish myth: Cross.

P16.3.1. P16.3.1. Old king attacked. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P16.3.1.1. P16.3.1.1. Attempt to kill old king by suffocating him in bathroom. Icelandic: Boberg.

P16.3.2. P16.3.2. King too old to fight goes himself into his grave mound. Icelandic: Boberg.

P16.4. P16.4. Persons buried with dead king. *Wesselski Mдrchen 230; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 303, *Boberg.

P16.4.1. P16.4.1. Suttee. Wife burned with dead king. *Penzer IV 255 ff., 264; **Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 198ff., 302ff., 395ff., XV 74ff.; Chauvin VII 20; Mansikka FFC XLIII 330ff.; Hert Die Indogermanen II 440, 490ff.; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer I 622; Hoops‘ Reallexikon IV 556ff.; Schreuer Zs. f. Vgl. Rechtswissenschaft XXXIV 19ff. --Icelandic: *Boberg; Slavic: Mбchal 233; India: *Thompson-Balys; Melanesia: Codrington 288ff.; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis VII 106, 227.

P16.5. P16.5. Shavings of spear which killed king cast into cataract. Irish myth: Cross.

P16.6. P16.6. Kings worshipped after their death. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P16.7. P16.7. King slain by “his own household” in revenge for deposing his father. Irish myth: Cross.

P16.8. P16.8. Land where every raja dies; if he rules for a day he dies that night; if he rules for a night, he dies that day. India: Thompson-Balys.

P16.9. P16.9. King’s coffin sunk into river. Jewish: *Neuman.

P17. P17. Succession to the throne. Missouri French: Carriиre.

P17.0.1. P17.0.1. No sons left to rule after father. Lawmaker’s sons slain in rebellion against him. Irish myth: Cross.

P17.0.2. P17.0.2. Son succeeds father as king. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P17.0.2.1. P17.0.2.1. At son‘s wedding king names him as successor. Icelandic: Boberg.

P17.0.3. P17.0.3. Vengeance for destruction of fairy-mound pursues king’s descendants. Irish myth: Cross.

P17.1. P17.1. First man to arrive after king‘s death to be heir. (Cf. N683.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 605a n. 62; India: *Thompson-Balys.

P17.2. P17.2. Queen chosen to live rather than king so that she can bear an heir to the throne. Serpents alleged to tell by their death which shall die first: male serpent predicts king’s death; female, queen‘s. King has male serpent killed. BP IV 139; Gesta Romanorum No. 92.

P17.3. P17.3. Dying king names successor. Icelandic: Boberg.

P17.3.1. P17.3.1. Second-born son declared as successor because message about the birth of first son was slower traveling. Emperor will not change proclamation. India: Thompson-Balys.

P17.4. P17.4. Kingship rotates among brothers. Irish myth: Cross.

P17.5. P17.5. Brothers rule jointly. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

P17.6. P17.6. Succession by mother-right. Irish myth: Cross.

P17.7. P17.7. Succession will fall to line that has been wronged. Irish myth: Cross.

P17.8. P17.8. Kingship given to younger brother. (Cf. P17.10.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

P17.9. P17.9. Natural son succeeds to the throne. Irish myth: Cross.

P17.9.1. P17.9.1. Natural son is refused kingship and half heritage. Icelandic: Hervarar saga 86--88, Boberg.

P17.10. P17.10. Three sons each get a kingship, but the youngest the most important in the home country. (Cf. P17.8.) Icelandic: Boberg.

P17.11. P17.11. Slayer of king marries widow and inherits kingdom. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P17.12. P17.12. King to be succeeded by whoever can carry his dead body a certain distance. Irish myth: Cross.

P17.13. P17.13. What the princes most desire: king asks each of three sons separately. Answers: to study, to make pilgrimages, to build a great kingdom. Last chosen. India: Thompson-Balys.

P18. P18. Marriage of kings. Irish myth: Cross.

P18.1. P18.1. After highly mourned wife‘s death the king marries another who turns out to be an evil witch. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P18.2. P18.2. Limited number of wives for polygamous king. Jewish: *Neuman.

P19. P19. Other motifs connected with kings. Irish myth: Cross.

P19.1. P19.1. King’s presence necessary for army‘s victory. English romance: Malory passim.

P19.2. P19.2. King may have any woman as paramour if he makes her a settlement. Irish myth: Cross.

P19.2.1. P19.2.1. King abducts woman to be his paramour. Irish myth: Cross.

P19.3. P19.3. King must procure whatever visiting poets ask, or suffer from their satire. Irish myth: Cross.

P19.4. P19.4. Kingly powers (rights). Irish myth: Cross.

P19.4.0.1. P19.4.0.1. King’s wand (rod). Irish myth: Cross.

P19.4.1. P19.4.1. King may judge against all save one of highest rank in religion or learning. Irish myth: Cross.

P19.5. P19.5. King raised from dead (by saint). Irish myth: Cross.

P20. P20. Queens. Irish myth: Cross.

P20.1. P20.1. Clever queen. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P21. P21. Queen intervenes for condemned courtiers. *Chauvin II 104 No. 65.

P21.1. P21.1. Queen as intercessor with king. Greek: Odyssey VI 313; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

P22. P22. Queen marries murderer of her fiancйe. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P22.1. P22.1. Queen leaves country with her son, having killed her husband in revenge for his killing of her father and brother. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P23. P23. Queen persuades king to make war without cause that her sons may have territory. Irish myth: Cross.

P23.1. P23.1. Queen persuades husband to riot against his superior. Icelandic: Boberg.

P23.2. P23.2. Queen persuades husband to claim her father’s kingdom after his death. Icelandic: Boberg.

P23.3. P23.3. Queen persuades husband to avenge her father. Icelandic: Boberg

P23.4. P23.4. Queen offers son to be killed in order to spur to fight and avenge her first husband. (Cf. S12.3.) Icelandic: Boberg.

P24. P24. Queen must pay tribute to victorious queen to the amount paid by king to victorious king. Irish myth: Cross.

P25. P25. Queen meddles in state affairs. India: Thompson-Balys.

P26. P26. Captured queen commits suicide. (Cf. P16.3.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

P26.1. P26.1. Queen commits suicide, as her husband vanquishes and kills her father and her brother. Icelandic: Boberg.

P27. P27. Grief at queen‘s death. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P27.1. P27.1. King sits mourning on his wife’s grave mound. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P27.2. P27.2. King mourns so much at wife‘s death that he goes on piracy, (every summer afterward). Icelandic: *Boberg.

P27.3. P27.3. King calls daughter in second marriage by the name of his first queen. Icelandic: Boberg.

P28. P28. Marriage of queen.

P28.1. P28.1. Chieftainess of such rank that none of her countrymen can woo her. Maori: Clark 2.

P29. P29. Queens--miscellaneous.

P29.1. P29.1. No king to rule who is not husband of certain queen. Irish myth: Cross.

P29.2. P29.2. Queen commits adultery with husband’s foster son. Irish myth: Cross.

P29.3. P29.3. Queen (princess) pours liquor for battle champions. Irish myth: Cross.

P30. P30. Princes. Irish myth: Cross.

P30.1. P30.1. King’s sons called kings. Icelandic: Boberg.

P31. P31. Prince must learn a trade. (Cf. P51.) *Chauvin VI 74 No. 239.

P31.1. P31.1. Princes as smiths. Irish myth: Cross.

P32. P32. Friendship of prince and commoner. India: Thompson-Balys.

P32.1. P32.1. All children born in realm on same day as chief‘s son are brought to palace to be the boy’s companions. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 441.

P34. P34. Prince imprisoned as hostage for safety from king. Irish myth: Cross.

P35. P35. Unknown prince chosen chief of children in play. *Type 920; *DeVries FFC LXXIII 40ff.

P36. P36. Dispossessed prince taunted by usurper‘s son. West Africa: Frobenius Atlantis VI 182ff. No. 4.

P37. P37. Birth rites confer royalty on infant prince. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 59.

P38. P38. Prince forfeits father’s and God‘s blessing if he fails to claim throne. English romance: Malory I 4.

P40. P40. Princesses.

P41. P41. Princess cannot be married to someone of low caste, though he passes suitor test. India: Thompson-Balys.

P41.1. P41.1. Great warrior destroyed by king when he asks for princess in marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

P50. P50. Noblemen (knights).

P50.0.1. P50.0.1. King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king. Irish myth: Cross.

P50.0.1.1. P50.0.1.1. King demands open gate to vassals‘ castle (city). Irish myth: Cross.

P50.1. P50.1. Earl. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P50.1.1. P50.1.1. Earl’s name preferred to king‘s. Icelandic: Boberg.

P50.2. P50.2. Marshall.

P51. P51. Noble person saves self from difficulties by knowledge of a trade. (Cf. P31.) Chauvin VIII 111 No. 90.

P52. P52. Knight jousts with all comers. (Cf. P561.) English romance: Malory passim.

P52.1. P52.1. Knight’s duty to perform as lady bids. English romance: Malory VI 5.

P55. P55. Wild man of noble birth. (Cf. F567.) Dickson 135 n. 117; Irish myth: Cross.

P60. P60. Noble (gentle) ladies.

P61. P61. Noble woman given to foreigners on condition that thereafter their land be held by female right. Irish myth: Cross.

P90. P90. Royalty and nobility--miscellaneous.

P92. P92. Bathing pool reserved for royalty. Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 608.

P93. P93. Certain foods, ornaments, feathers, etc. reserved for royalty. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 376.

P94. P94. Garment must be removed in presence of certain high chiefs. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 376.

P95. P95. Impossible to refuse the request of a troubled nobleman. Greek: Odyssey IV 653.

P100--P199.

P100--P199. Other social orders.

P110. P110. Royal ministers. Missouri French: Carriиre.

P111. P111. Banished minister found indispensable and recalled. *Chauvin VI 38 No. 207 n. 5; India: Thompson-Balys.

P116. P116. Minister acts as stepping-stone in midst of flame-filled trench so that king can step across from one side to the other. India: Thompson-Balys.

P120. P120. Church dignitaries. Irish myth: Cross.

P150. P150. Rich men. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P151. P151. Man so rich that people prefer the dung from his mules over king‘s gold and silver. Jewish: Neuman.

P160. P160. Beggars. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman.

P161. P161. Beggars’ many children. *Wesselski Bebel II 131 No. 97, 136 No. 107.

P162. P162. Lepers. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

P162.1. P162.1. Naked leper. Irish myth: Cross.

P163. P163. Beggar rewarded by king for poem (song). India: *Thompson-Balys.

P170. P170. Slaves. Irish myth: Cross.

P170.0.1. P170.0.1. Female slaves. (Cf. P173.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

P170.0.1.1. P170.0.1.1. Female slaves as medium of exchange (unit of value). Irish myth: Cross.

P171. P171. Branding person makes him one’s slave for life. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 198 No. 391.

P171.1. P171.1. Slave‘s ear bored. Jewish: *Neuman.

P171.2. P171.2. Bond woman with rope girding her loins. Jewish: Neuman.

P172. P172. Requirement that slaves given as tribute should not know Irish. Irish myth: Cross.

P173. P173. Captive king’s sons made slaves. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

P173.1. P173.1. Captive king‘s daughter as slave. Icelandic: Boberg.

P173.2. P173.2. Killed enemy’s son as slave. Icelandic: Boberg.

P173.3. P173.3. Captives from battle sold as slaves. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P173.4. P173.4. Futile attempt to get rid of man by selling him to merchants as slave. Icelandic: Boberg.

P174. P174. Children of slave and free person become slaves. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 300.

P175. P175. Slave killed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P175.1. P175.1. Slave hanged. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P176. P176. Murder by slaves. Icelandic: Boberg.

P177. P177. Origin of thralls. Icelandic: Boberg.

P178. P178. Slaves freed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P178.1. P178.1. Knocking out a slave‘s tooth entitles him to freedom. Jewish: Neuman.

P178.2. P178.2. Slaves released after definite term. Jewish: Neuman (seven years).

P190. P190. Other social orders--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

P191. P191. Social status of foreigners. Irish myth: Cross.

P192. P192. Madmen (fools, professional fools). Irish myth: Cross.

P192.1. P192.1. Professional fool. Irish myth: Cross.

P192.2. P192.2. Fool as clever judge. Irish myth: Cross.

P192.3. P192.3. Fool can walk on water. Irish myth: Cross.

P192.4. P192.4. Fool can live under water. Irish myth: Cross.

P192.5. P192.5. Fool makes friends with birds and beasts. Irish myth: Cross.

P192.6. P192.6. Customary to shave heads of demented so that they may be recognized as such. Irish myth: Cross.

P192.7. P192.7. Fool recognized by lump on his forehead. Irish myth: Cross.

P200--P299.

P200--P299. The family.

P200. P200. The family.

P201. P201. Inherent enmity between members of a family. Dickson 100 n. 5.

P201.1. P201.1. Feud between two branches of family. Irish myth: Cross.

P202. P202. Person reproached for having no relatives. Irish myth: Cross; Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 372.

P203. P203. Game with ancestors‘ bones. A boy interrupts a game played with the bones of his father or other murdered relative. N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 225.

P205. P205. Refusal to fight relatives. Hindu: Tawney I 175; Icelandic: Boberg.

P210. P210. Husband and wife.

P211. P211. Wife chooses father’s side in feud. Must choose between husband and father. S. A. Indian (Carib): Alexander Lat. Am. 266.

P211.1. P211.1. Wife chooses father rather than husband or son. (Cf. P253.3.) Only one can be saved; he alone is irreplaceable. Spanish: Childers.

P211.2. P211.2. Mother kills husband for murdering their daughter. Africa (Kamerun): Mansfield 228.

P212. P212. Wife more merciful than blood relations. They refuse to ransom condemned man; wife does so. Child II 349f., III 516, IV 481, V 231ff., 296.

P213. P213. Husband more merciful than blood relations. They refuse to ransom condemned woman; husband does so. Child II 346--53, III 511, IV 481f., V 231ff., 296.

P214. P214. Wife drinks blood of slain husband. Irish myth: Cross.

P214.1. P214.1. Wife commits suicide (dies) on death of husband. (Cf. P16.4.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

P216. P216. Wife only one able to persuade her husband. Icelandic: Boberg.

P230. P230. Parents and children. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 527a s.v. “Eltern und Kinder”; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P230.1. P230.1. Mother prefers son, father daughter. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P230.2. P230.2. Mother dislikes her children in forced marriage. Icelandic: Boberg.

P230.3. P230.3. Queen dislikes son who is unlike her and loves a poor girl: plots against him. Icelandic: Boberg.

P231. P231. Mother and son.

P231.1. P231.1. Boy sickens from grief at mother‘s death. Irish myth: Cross.

P231.2. P231.2. Son warns mother. (Hamlet.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

P231.3. P231.3. Mother-love. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P231.4. P231.4. Mother kills sons who lack courage to help her revenge her father and brothers, and are likely to betray the plot. Icelandic: Boberg.

P231.5. P231.5. Mother reveals fact that son is offspring of supernatural father. Irish myth: Cross.

P231.6. P231.6. Mother (eagle) casts out dull, stupid changeling; rears bold, energetic son. Irish myth: Cross.

P231.7. P231.7. Mother commits suicide when son wants to marry foreigner according to foreign rites. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 267.

P232. P232. Mother and daughter.

P232.1. P232.1. Wicked mother and her sons do everything to prevent daughter‘s marriage with beloved. Icelandic: Boberg.

P232.2. P232.2. Mother lets daughter unwittingly marry own father in order to avenge his raping. Icelandic: Boberg.

P233. P233. Father and son. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P233.1. P233.1. Son as pledge for father who has committed murder. Irish myth: Cross.

P233.2. P233.2. Young hero rebuked by his father. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P233.2.1. P233.2.1. Father drives away bad son whom the mother prefers. Icelandic: Boberg.

P233.3. P233.3. Berserks scold their father who apparently without reason called their adversary invincible. Icelandic: Boberg.

P233.3.1. P233.3.1. Hero’s son by giantess scorns his father‘s feebleness: still it is the son who is slain. Icelandic: Boberg.

P233.4. P233.4. Natural son preferred to legitimate. Icelandic: Boberg.

P233.5. P233.5. Oldest son responsible to father for welfare of others. Jewish: Neuman.

P233.6. P233.6. Son avenges father. English romance: Malory X 21, 34, 36; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Bouveignes 163.

P233.7. P233.7. Son must threaten father before he will recognize him as son, even though he brings ring from his mother. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P233.8. P233.8. Prodigal son returns. India: Thompson-Balys.

P233.9. P233.9. Son chastizes father for scorning mother. India: Thompson-Balys.

P233.10. P233.10. Father in vision reproves son about to succumb to temptation. Jewish: Neuman.

P233.11. P233.11. Birthright transferred by father from the oldest son to another. (Cf. P251.7.) Jewish: Neuman.

P234. P234. Father and daughter. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P234.1. P234.1. Daughter marries her husband’s slayer in order to save her old father from war. Icelandic: Boberg.

P234.2. P234.2. Father and daughter die at same time. Icelandic: Boberg.

P236. P236. Undutiful children. Irish myth: Cross.

P236.1. P236.1. Folly of father’s giving all property to children before his death. They abandon him. *Oesterley No. 273; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 980A. Cf. Shakespeare‘s King Lear.

P236.2. P236.2. Supposed chest of gold induces children to care for aged father. They think that the chest of stones contains the inheritance. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 435; Scala Celi 98b No. 528; Dunlop-Wilson II 185f.; von der Hagen II lviii No. 49; Hdwb. d. Abergl. IV 1290. --Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2452*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 116 No. 980A; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Palestine: Schmidt-Kahle Volkserzдhlungen aus Palдstina II No. 123; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Jeynball Catalogus Maleische en Sundaneesche Hss. 173, ibid. Supplement Catalogus Javaansche en Madoereesche Hss. 22.

P236.3. P236.3. Not daring to curse father directly, son does so indirectly. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 50.

P236.4. P236.4. Son deposes father and usurps throne. Irish myth: Cross.

P236.5. P236.5. Undutiful children ridicule father while he is drunk and naked. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P236.6. P236.6. Undutiful son overawes his father by threats. India: Thompson-Balys.

P236.7. P236.7. Undutiful son taught lesson showing his mother has suffered from him. India: Thompson-Balys.

P237. P237. Daughters flogged by parents. Child I 192, II 435, V237a.

P241. P241. Parents descend to hell instead of sons. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 53.

P241.1. P241.1. Pious children save their parents from hell. Jewish: Neuman.

P242. P242. Children punished for fathers‘ sins. Jewish: Neuman.

P250. P250. Brothers and sisters.

P250.1. P250.1. Elder children to protect younger. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “aоnйs”.

P251. P251. Brothers. *Penzer III 272 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P251.1. P251.1. Friend unfaithful but brother faithful. Brought to test by actions at apparent death of hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

P251.2. P251.2. Warrior will not fight where his brother was slain. Place considered defiled. Irish myth: Cross.

P251.3. P251.3. Brothers follow each other in exile. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.3.1. P251.3.1. Brothers strive to avenge each other. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.4. P251.4. Brothers scorn brother‘s wise counsel. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.4.1. P251.4.1. Brothers kill brother because they fail to understand his wise answer. Icelandic: Boberg.

P251.5. P251.5. Two brothers. Type 303; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.5.1. P251.5.1. Two brothers follow and help each other on piracy, etc. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.5.2. P251.5.2. Two brothers are confusingly like each other. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.5.3. P251.5.3. Hostile brothers. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

P251.5.4. P251.5.4. Two brothers as contrasts. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II “Formel”; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.5.5. P251.5.5. Brother unjustly imprisoned by brother. Irish myth: Cross.

P251.5.6. P251.5.6. Man’s descendants shall serve those of his brother. Irish myth: Cross.

P251.6. P251.6. Several brothers.

P251.6.1. P251.6.1. Three brothers. Types 654, 655; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.6.2. P251.6.2. Four brothers. Types 653, 655.

P251.6.3. P251.6.3. Six or seven brothers. Type 451.

P251.6.4. P251.6.4. Eight brothers. Icelandic: Boberg.

P251.6.5. P251.6.5. Nine brothers. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P251.6.6. P251.6.6. Eleven brothers. Type 451; Icelandic: Boberg.

P251.6.7. P251.6.7. Twelve brothers. Type 451.

P251.7. P251.7. Older brother has birthright, entitling him to a double share. (Cf. P233.11.) Jewish: *Neuman.

P251.8. P251.8. Repudiation of relationship of birth between man and his bad brother. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 92f.

P252. P252. Sisters.

P252.1. P252.1. Two sisters. Type 480, 711, 426.

P252.1.1. P252.1.1. Sister kills sister. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

P252.2. P252.2. Three sisters. Types 311--12, 510, 511.

P252.3. P252.3. Seven sisters. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P252.4. P252.4. Eight sisters. Icelandic: Boberg.

P252.5. P252.5. Nine sisters. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P252.6. P252.6. Ten sisters. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P252.7. P252.7. Eighteen sisters kill one another. Icelandic: Boberg.

P253. P253. Sister and brother. Type 450; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P253.0.1. P253.0.1. Sister‘s son. Irish myth: Cross.

P253.0.2. P253.0.2. One sister and two brothers. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P253.0.3. P253.0.3. One sister and three (four) brothers. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P253.0.4. P253.0.4. One sister and ten brothers. Icelandic: Boberg.

P253.0.5. P253.0.5. One sister and six (seven, eleven, twelve) brothers. Type 451.

P253.1. P253.1. Brother about to drink blood of seemingly guilty sister. Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 61.

P253.2. P253.2. Sister faithful to transformed brother. *Types 450, 451; Child I 315f.

P253.2.1. P253.2.1. Brother faithful to persecuted sister. East Africa: Zuure L’Ame du Murundi (Paris, 1932) 331ff. No. 2.

P253.3. P253.3. Brother chosen rather than husband or son. Only one can be saved; he alone is irreplaceable. Chauvin II 190 No. 2; Tawney Journal of Philology XII 121; Aly Volksmдrchen bei Herodot 35, 109; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 257 No. 31.

P253.4. P253.4. Girl comes to brother‘s aid when he is attacked. She slays the assailant and is eventually acquitted. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P253.5. P253.5. Sister avenges brother’s death. India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P253.6. P253.6. Sister warns brothers. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P253.7. P253.7. Brothers persecute sister‘s lover and are in return killed by him. Icelandic: Boberg.

P253.8. P253.8. Clever sister saves life of brother. Irish myth: Cross.

P253.9. P253.9. Woman dies of sorrow for death of brother. Irish myth: Cross.

J253.10. Great love of brothers for sister. India: Thompson-Balys.

P260. P260. Relations by law.

P261. P261. Father-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

P262. P262. Mother-in-law. Irish myth: Cross.

P262.1. P262.1. Bad relations between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

P263. P263. Brother-in-law. (Cf. K2211.1.)

P263.1. P263.1. Widower marries wife’s sister. Jewish: *Neuman.

P264. P264. Sister-in-law. (Cf. K2212.2.)

P265. P265. Son-in-law.

P265.1. P265.1. Idle sons-in-law driven away by gradually reducing their food. India: Thompson-Balys.

P270. P270. Foster relatives. Irish myth: Cross.

P270.1. P270.1. Foster parents fined for blemish on child. Irish myth: Cross.

P270.2. P270.2. Peasant and his wife as foster parents of exposed king‘s son. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P270.3. P270.3. Parents kill son for slaying their foster son. Irish myth: Cross.

P271. P271. Foster father. **C. Schubert Der Pflegesohn (Nourri) im Heldenepos (Marburg, 1906); Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P271.1. P271.1. Magician as foster father. (Cf. N845.) English romance: Malory, Book 1; Icelandic: Boberg.

P271.2. P271.2. Fisherman as foster father. Icelandic: Boberg.

P271.3. P271.3. Dwarf as foster father. (Cf. F451.5.1.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 267, *Boberg.

P271.4. P271.4. Living king’s or nobleman‘s son as foster son of father’s friend: considered an honor for the foster father. Weinhold Altnordisches Leben (1856) 285ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P271.5. P271.5. Foster father as constant helper. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P271.6. P271.6. Foster children return foster father’s love: avenge him, etc. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P271.7. P271.7. King‘s son named after his father’s foster father. Icelandic: Boberg.

P271.8. P271.8. Thor slays his foster father and takes himself the realm of Thrace. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Prol. III, MacCulloch Eddic. 314.

P272. P272. Foster mother. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P272.1. P272.1. Witch foster mother. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P272.2. P272.2. Foster mother as helper. (See all items under P272.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

P272.3. P272.3. Former mistress as sons’ foster mother. Icelandic: Bosa saga 6ff.

P273. P273. Foster brother. *Valtyr Gudmundsson “Fуstbrжdralag” in prjбr Ritgjцrethir (Kaupmannahцfn, 1892) 29--55; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P273.1. P273.1. Faithful foster brother. *Type 516; *BP I 46; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 96; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P273.1.1. P273.1.1. Foster brothers avenge each other. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P273.1.2. P273.1.2. King‘s son begs pardon for treacherous foster brother. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P273.1.3. P273.1.3. Foster brother as constant adviser. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P273.2. P273.2. Faithless foster brother.

P273.2.1. P273.2.1. Promise of marriage to king’s daughter induces warrior to fight foster brother. Irish myth: Cross.

P273.2.2. P273.2.2. Earl‘s son seduces foster brother’s sister and betrays himself. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P273.2.3. P273.2.3. King‘s son falsely accuses foster brother of attempt to seduce his sister. Icelandic: Lagerholm 161--63, introd. lxxviii, *Boberg.

P273.2.4. P273.2.4. Magic writing makes foster brothers enemies. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P273.3. P273.3. Unable to hit man himself, enemy kills his foster brother. Icelandic: Boberg.

P273.4. P273.4. Children of Tuatha De Danann fostered by Milesians. Irish myth: Cross.

P274. P274. Foster sister.

P274.1. P274.1. Love between foster sister and foster brother. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 80, *Boberg.

P275. P275. Foster son. Irish myth: Cross.

P275.1. P275.1. Foster son commits adultery with foster father’s wife. Irish myth: Cross.

P280. P280. Steprelatives.

P281. P281. Stepfather.

P281.1. P281.1. Stepfather as foster father. Icelandic: Boberg.

P281.2. P281.2. Stepfather murdered. Icelandic: Boberg.

P282. P282. Stepmother. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P282.1. P282.1. Realm ruled by stepmother, while king is absent. Icelandic: Boberg.

P282.2. P282.2. Stepmother mourns her stepsons’ death, not her own son‘s. Icelandic: Boberg.

P282.3. P282.3. Stepmother in love with stepson. (Cf. T418.) Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Euripides Hippolytus; Chinese-Persian: *Coyajee JPASB XXIV 192.

P282.3.1. P282.3.1. Love of stepmother who has killed her husband refused. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P283. P283. Stepbrother.

P283.1. P283.1. Stepbrothers kill devastating monsters. India: Thompson-Balys.

P284. P284. Stepsister. (Cf. K2212.1.) Icelandic: Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P290. P290. Other relatives.

P291. P291. Grandfather. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P291.1. P291.1. Grandfather as foster father. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P292. P292. Grandmother. Missouri French: Carriиre.

P292.1. P292.1. Grandmother as foster mother. Icelandic: Boberg.

P293. P293. Uncle. **W. O. Farnsworth Uncle and Nephew in the Old French Chansons de Geste (New York, 1913); Irish myth: Cross.

P293.1. P293.1. Mother’s brother as foster father. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P293.2. P293.2. Mother‘s brother as helper. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P293.2.1. P293.2.1. Children take after their mother’s brothers. Jewish: *Neuman.

P293.3. P293.3. Hero killed in fighting with father‘s brother. Icelandic: Boberg.

P293.4. P293.4. Young prince sent to his father’s mother‘s brother. Icelandic: Boberg.

P293.5. P293.5. Father’s brother avenged. Icelandic: Boberg.

P294. P294. Aunt. *Rivers “The Father‘s Sister in Oceania” FL XXI 42.

P294.1. P294.1. Paternal aunt as aid. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 82.

P295. P295. Cousins.

P296. P296. Godparents.

P296.1. P296.1. Godfather. Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 803; Missouri French: Carriиre. See also N811 and all references and cross-references.

P296.2. P296.2. Godmother.

P297. P297. Nephew. *F. B. Gummere The Sister’s Son (Oxford, 1901); C. H. Bell The Sister‘s Son in the Mediaeval German Epic (Berkeley, 1922); Irish myth: Cross.

P298. P298. Niece.

P300--P399.

P300--P399. Other social relationships.

P310. P310. Friendship. *Type 516; *BP I 46; **Rцsch FFC LXXVII 96; India: *Thompson-Balys.

P310.1. P310.1. Friends want to divide good and evil. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P310.2. P310.2. Friends avenge each other. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P310.3. P310.3. Dying hero sends greetings to friends. Icelandic: Boberg.

P310.4. P310.4. Friends want their children to be friends too. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P310.4.1. P310.4.1. Dying man asks friends to let his son inherit his friendship together with his father’s weapons. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga II 358, Boberg.

P310.4.2. P310.4.2. Friends‘ children become enemies. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P310.5. P310.5. Defeated enemy turns true friend. (Cf. P311.1.) Icelandic: Lagerholm 108ff., *Boberg.

P310.6. P310.6. One friend dies shortly after the other. Icelandic: Boberg.

P310.7. P310.7. Man wins wife for his friend. India: Thompson-Balys.

P310.8. P310.8. Friendship possible only between equals. India: Thompson-Balys.

P310.9. P310.9. Friends given the power of reading each other’s secret thoughts. India: Thompson-Balys.

P311. P311. Sworn brethren. Friends take an oath of lasting brotherhood. *Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 98; *Hibbard 68 n. 7, 145 n. 3; Child IV 146f.; Wesselski Mдrchen 187 No. 2; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 17; *Abeles “Die Burgschaft als Motif in der jьdischen Literatur” Monatsch. f. Geschichte u. Wissenschaft der Juden LX 213ff., 263ff. -- English: Wells 158 (Amis and Amiloun); Icelandic: Olrik Sakses Oldhistorie I (1892) 59ff., *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas@2 IV 14, 20, 274; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 63 No. 35.

P311.0.1. P311.0.1. Friends exchange names. Irish myth: Cross.

P311.1. P311.1. Combatants become sworn brethren. Dickson 123 n. 73; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P311.2. P311.2. Flower-friendship. Friends take oath of brotherhood by exchanging flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

P311.3. P311.3. Human sons of animal companions go together on adventures Africa. (Lamba): Doke MAFLS XX 14 No. 11.

P311.4. P311.4. Friends born at same moment. India: Thompson-Balys.

P311.5. P311.5. Covenant of friendship. Irish myth: Cross.

P311.6. P311.6. Ceremonial friendship. India: Thompson-Balys.

P311.7. P311.7. Saints exchange bachalls as mark of affection. Irish myth: Cross.

P311.7.1. P311.7.1. Saints exchange bells. Irish myth: Cross.

P311.8. P311.8. Friendship between a prince and common man. India: *Thompson-Balys.

P312. P312. Blood-brotherhood. Friends take oath of brotherhood by means of mixing their blood. *Type 1364; **Encyc. Rel. Ethics II 717a, 857ff.; **H. C. Trumbull The Blood Covenant (London, 1887); *Chauvin VII 20 No. 373D; *Hibbard 145 n. 3; Fb “blod” IV 46b; Nitze MPh IX 291; DeVries Acta Philologica Scandinavica III 106; *Basset RTP VI 577--XXV 438 passim; *Julian Revue d’Ethnographie et de Trad. Pop. II 1ff.; **H. Tegnжus Blood-Brothers (Stockholm, 1952). -- Irish myth: Cross: Icelandic: *Boberg; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/203); Africa: Stanley 274.

P312.0.1. P312.0.1. Saint makes blood covenant with animals. (Cf. B279.) Irish myth: Cross.

P312.1. P312.1. Drinking mixture of blood, milk, and wine as pledge of covenant. Irish myth: Cross.

P312.2. P312.2. Sworn brethren and blood brethren avenge each other. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P312.3. P312.3. Surviving blood brother to watch three nights in grave-mound. Icelandic: Egils saga ok Asm., Lagerholm 28 (cf. introd. xxiv--xxix).

P313. P313. Milk-brotherhood. Friends bound in brotherhood through partaking of milk from the same woman. *Cosquin Йtudes 247ff.; Wiedemann Am Urquell III 259ff.

P313.1. P313.1. Friendship starts at babyhood: two babies exchanged. Jewish: *Neuman.

P314. P314. Combat of disguised friends. Brown Iwain 17 and passim.

P315. P315. Friends offer to die for each other. (Bьrgschaft.) Each falsely confesses crime so as to save the other. Neither guilty. Often combined with P325. **Abeles “Die Bьrgschaft als Motif in der jьdischen Literatur” Monatschr. f. Geschichte u. Wissenschaft der Juden LX 213ff., 263ff.; **K. Kelling Das Bьrgschaftsmotiv in der franzцsischen Literatur (Leipzig diss., 1915); *Chauvin III 124 No. 113, V 215f., VIII 194ff. IX 16f.; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 350a s.v. “Bьrgschaft”; Kцhler-Bolte II 557, 580f.; Gaster Exempla Nos. 362, 419; Basset 1001 Contes II 293ff.; Boccaccio Decameron X No. 8 (*Lee 330); Fischer Zs. f. deutsche Morgenlдndische Ges. LXXII 290; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 193 n. 4, 194; Scala Celi 10a, 11b Nos. 62, 68; bin Gorion Born Judas IV 20, 274; Alphabet Nos. 53, 57. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P315.1. P315.1. Competition in friendship: prisoner and jailor. Officer in charge of prison offers to let his friend escape, though his own life will be forfeited. The friend refuses; tells officer to let king think he has escaped and if the king demands his life the officer can produce the prisoner. King hears of the generosity and forgives the prisoner. Chauvin V I No. 1.

P315.2. P315.2. Friend gives false witness to set free his accused friend. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 99f.

P316. P316. Friend sacrifices his life for the other. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1369.

P316.1. P316.1. Man knowing of murder plot against his friend disguises and is killed in his place. (Cf. P361.1.) Scala Celi 9b No. 61; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P317. P317. Refusal to believe that a friend has spoken ill of one. Alphabet No. 220; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P317.1. P317.1. Refusal to believe that a friend will harm one. Alexander drinks cup said to have been poisoned by his friend. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P318. P318. Man refuses to follow friend in wicked conduct. Scala Celi 11a No. 66; Alphabet No. 56; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P319. P319. Deeds of friendship--miscellaneous.

P319.1. P319.1. Two friends captured by Moors have money to ransom only one. The ransomed one returns home, gets money and buys the other‘s freedom. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P319.2. P319.2. Man who has counseled friend in assassination asks to be killed on the other’s body. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P319.3. P319.3. Friend‘s intercession saves man from execution. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P319.4. P319.4. The sacred partnership. Man is abducted by pirates and kept in slavery forty years. Upon his return his friend divides his earnings with him. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P319.5. P319.5. Hands of friends extend through sides of tombs and clasp in death. Irish myth: Cross.

P319.6. P319.6. Successful rival gives his lady to unsuccessful friend. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P319.7. P319.7. “Friendship without refusal.” Friends bind themselves each to grant every desire of the other. Irish myth: Cross.

P319.8. P319.8. Danger of one saint voluntarily incurred by another. Irish myth: Cross.

P320. P320. Hospitality. Relation of host and guest. Irish myth: Cross.

P320.1. P320.1. Hospitality for a whole winter. Icelandic: Lagerholm 10 n., *Boberg.

P320.2. P320.2. Hospitality for (three) years. Irish myth: *Cross.

P321. P321. Salt of hospitality. Eating a man‘s salt creates mutual obligation. *Chauvin VI 196 No. 368.

P322. P322. Guest given refuge. Murderer of a man’s father takes refuge in his house and is saved by him. *Chauvin II 198 No. 31.

P322.1. P322.1. Nobleman forces escaping prisoner to accept his hospitality. Intercedes for his pardon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P322.2. P322.2. Guest in disguise or under false name. (Cf. K1831.) *Boberg.

P322.3. P322.3. Refugee entertained in holy place (church, monastery, etc.). Irish myth: Cross.

P323. P323. Hosts refrain from telling guest of death in household. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 431; Greek: Euripides Alcestis.

P324. P324. Host greets guest with gifts. English romance: Malory passim; Icelandic: Boberg.

P324.1. P324.1. Host treats guest with food and everything possible. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P324.2. P324.2. Guests fed before being questioned. Greek: Odyssey III 70 and passim.

P324.3. P324.3. Guests‘ life inviolable. Greek: Odyssey XIV 403 and passim.

P325. P325. Host surrenders his wife to his guest. The guest unwittingly falls in love with the wife. The host, on being informed, out of pure generosity repudiates the wife and has her marry the guest. (Often joined with P315.) Chauvin V 136 No. 64; also references to P315; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P325.1. P325.1. Guest begets son with his host’s daughter. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P326. P326. If host does not return, the house shall belong to the guest. So declares the host as he departs on a mission for the guest. *Chauvin V 209 No. 120 n. 1; Japanese: Ikeda.

P327. P327. Barmecide feast. Host places imaginary feast before guest, who accepts it in the same spirit. Guest‘s courtesy is rewarded by real feast. *Chauvin V 163 No. 86; Arabian: Burton Nights I 317.

P328. P328. Strangers entertained by family to whose hitching-ring they happen to tie their horses. Thus confusion avoided as to where strangers are to be entertained. Italian: L. de Francia Novellino (Torino, 1930), Rotunda.

P331. P331. Refusal to receive preferred help until series of stories has been told. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 5.

P332. P332. Selfish guest expels host. Porcupine asks rabbit for hospitality. When rabbit complains of being pricked, porcupine tells him to leave if he does not like it. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P334. P334. Shabby hospitality forces guests to leave. Italian Novella: Rotunda (P329).

P334.1. P334.1. Guests accused of greediness. India: Thompson-Balys.

P336. P336. Poor person makes great effort to entertain guests.

P336.1. P336.1. Poor host and his wife kill themselves because they are unable to entertain expected guests. India: Thompson-Balys.

P336.2. P336.2. Wife scolds husband‘s hospitality, as he really has nothing to give. Icelandic: Boberg.

P336.3. P336.3. Poor peasant closes the eyes in order not to see guest eat: later suicide. Icelandic: Boberg.

P337. P337. King demands work, sport or entertainment from winter guests. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P337.1. P337.1. Christian king makes baptism a condition for hospitality during the winter. Icelandic: Boberg.

P338. P338. Sitting in a circle of feasts. Irish myth: Cross.

P340. P340. Teacher and pupil. Irish myth: Cross.

P340.0.1. P340.0.1. Druids as teachers. Irish myth: Cross.

P341. P341. Teacher dies of pride over success of pupil. Alphabet No. 341.

P342. P342. Student enters competition with his master. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P342.1. P342.1. Student challenges his fencing master. Is overcome by the latter‘s tricks. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P343. P343. Teacher threatens to curse pupils if they disobey. Irish myth: Cross.

P360. P360. Master and servant. **Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 389ff.

P361. P361. Faithful servant. *Types 516; *BP I 46; **Rцsch FFC LXXVII 95f.; **Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 389 (and cross references there given); Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 154ff. No. 68.

P361.1. P361.1. Faithful servant dies for his master. Puts on his master‘s clothes so as to be slain in his place. (Cf. P316.) Alphabet No. 327; Japanese: Ikeda.

P361.1.1. P361.1.1. Faithful servant kills his master‘s murderer and is killed in turn. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P361.1.2. P361.1.2. Faithful servant wants to follow on dangerous quest, where he alone is killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

P361.1.3. P361.1.3. Hero’s charioteer faithful to master till death. Irish myth: Cross.

P361.2. P361.2. Faithful servant remains at home and fights for exiled hero. *Boje 82ff.

P361.3. P361.3. Faithful servant sacrifices sons to save life of king. Sons resuscitated and servant enriched. Penzer IV 177f., VI 272f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

P361.4. P361.4. Faithful nurse tries to save tyrant’s daughter by exposing her own in her place. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P361.5. P361.5. Abandoned maiden helped by her faithful nurse. India: Thompson-Balys.

P361.6. P361.6. Faithful servant dies avenging master‘s death. Irish myth: Cross.

P361.7. P361.7. Captain will not betray king’s secret. He refuses to betray where recruits are being raised. Spanish: Childers.

P361.8. P361.8. Faithful servant undergoes torture for sake of his master. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P361.9. P361.9. Crow lets itself be caught so as to save king of crows. India: Thompson-Balys.

P362. P362. Faithful servant entrusted with care and education of crown prince. India: *Thompson-Balys.

P365. P365. Faithless servant. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 391; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P365.1. P365.1. Faithless men-servants corrupt the maids in the household. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 209; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P365.2. P365.2. Servant planning to possess his master’s goods. Has already possessed his wife. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 613.

P366. P366. Master demands that servant tell him of his faults as well as of his good qualities. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 42.

P400--P499.

P400--P499. Trades and professions.

P400. P400. Trades and professions. **Sйbillot Lйgendes et Curiositйs des Mйtiers (Paris, n.d.); Jewish: Neuman.

P401. P401. Son insists on following father‘s trade. This has been kept secret at request of dying father who was unsuccessful. Son learns from mother. *Cosquin Contes indiens 395ff.

P410. P410. Laborers.

P411. P411. Peasant. **Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 184a.

P411.1. P411.1. Peasant refuses to sell possessions to king. (Miller of Sanssouci.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 13.

P411.1.1. P411.1.1. Peasant and his wife in hut near castle as contrasts to king and queen. Icelandic: Lagerholm lvi, *Boberg.

P411.2. P411.2. Peasant is cutting wood in front of his house as guests arrive. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P411.3. P411.3. Wounded hero finds shelter and is cured in peasant‘s house. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P411.4. P411.4. Hero stays overnight in peasant’s house, to which he accidentally comes, and where he gets advice and direction. (Cf. H1232.4.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

P412. P412. Shepherd.

P412.1. P412.1. Shepherd as hero. *Type 300.

P412.1.1. P412.1.1. Life of shepherd proper preparation for ruler. Jewish: Neuman.

P412.2. P412.2. Swineherd. (Cf. L113.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

P412.3. P412.3. Hero as rabbit-herd. Type 570.

P413. P413. Ferryman.

P413.1. P413.1. Eternal ferryman. Always transports passengers and when the ruler is in danger takes his place. (Cf. Q25.) Cosquin Lorraine I 215.

P413.1.1. P413.1.1. Ferryman puts oar into king’s hand and he must remain ferryman. *Type 461; Japanese: Ikeda.

P414. P414. Hunter. Types 246, 304; Von Sydow Vеra folksagor (1941) 39.

P415. P415. Collier. (Cf. K2262.)

P415.1. P415.1. Hero as collier. Icelandic: Юiрriks saga I 308f., Boberg.

P420. P420. Learned professions.

P421. P421. Judge. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P421.1. P421.1. Jackals as judges. India: Thompson-Balys.

P422. P422. Lawyer. Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 202.

P422.1. P422.1. Lawyers punished in hell. Alphabet Nos. 42, 43.

P422.1.1. P422.1.1. Tongue of dead lawyer found to be lacking. Scala Celi 7b No. 44; Etienne de Bourbon No. 440.

P424. P424. Physician. Penzer X 263a s.v. “Physician”; Irish myth: Cross.

P424.1. P424.1. Physician hides eyes as he passes graveyard. He does not want to see those who have died from his medicine. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 259 No. 204.

P424.2. P424.2. Doctor who can cure can also poison. This reflection brings the doctor under the king’s suspicion. *Chauvin V 276 No. 156.

P424.3. P424.3. Physician killed for fatal diagnosis. Irish myth: Cross.

P424.3.1. P424.3.1. “Skillful” physician compelled to help carry away the bier of his dead patient. India: Thompson-Balys.

P424.4. P424.4. Fairy as physician. Irish myth: Cross.

P424.5. P424.5. Female physician. Irish myth: Cross.

P425. P425. Scribe.

P425.1. P425.1. Scribe who cannot read his own writing. India: Thompson-Balys.

P426. P426. Clergy.

P426.0.1. P426.0.1. In fear of clerics pagans flee into fairy mounds. Irish myth: Cross.

P426.1. P426.1. Parson (priest). Jewish: Neuman (P426.1, V452).

P426.1.1. P426.1.1. First of animals and fruits belong to priest. Jewish: Neuman.

P426.2. P426.2. Hermit. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 507b; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 75, Espinosa Jr. No. 186.

P426.3. P426.3. Monks. Irish myth: Cross.

P426.3.1. P426.3.1. Untrained monk becomes skillful wright (smith) through power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

P426.3.2. P426.3.2. Monks as converted druids. Irish myth: Cross.

P426.3.3. P426.3.3. Woman disguised as monk enters monastery. Irish myth: Cross.

P427. P427. Druid (poet, learned man). Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 311.

P427.0.1. P427.0.1. Druid inspires great respect and fear. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.0.2. P427.0.2. Person assailed by druid loses treasure. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.0.3. P427.0.3. Women druids. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.0.4. P427.0.4. Simon Magus as druid. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.1. P427.1. Druid performs sacrifices. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.1.1. P427.1.1. Druids perform human sacrifice. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.1.2. P427.1.2. Druids as priests. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.1.3. P427.1.3. Druidic (heathen) baptism. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.1.4. P427.1.4. Druidic tonsure. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.2. P427.2. Druid as emissary of peace. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.3. P427.3. Advice (instruction) from druid. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.4. P427.4. Poet (druid) as satirist. (Cf. M402.) Irish myth: Cross.

P427.4.1. P427.4.1. Fear of druidic lampoon as activating power. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.5. P427.5. Druid as physician. (Cf. P424.) Irish myth: Cross.

P427.5.1. P427.5.1. Wounded soldiers healed by bath in pool of milk through power of druid. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.6. P427.6. Druid as judge. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7. P427.7. Poet. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P427.7.1. P427.7.1. Extemporaneous composition by poets. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.2. P427.7.2. Extensive repertory of poets. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.2.1. P427.7.2.1. Difficult language used by poets. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.2.1.1. P427.7.2.1.1. Poets and fools closely allied. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.3. P427.7.3. Blind poets. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.4. P427.7.4. Women poets. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.5. P427.7.5. Bard. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.6. P427.7.6. Poet‘s rod. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.7. P427.7.7. Poet as judge. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.8. P427.7.8. Poet rewarded for poem. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P427.7.9. P427.7.9. Poets banished. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.9.1. P427.7.9.1. Excessive demands of poets. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.7.10. P427.7.10. Rivaling poets. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P427.8. P427.8. Druids as rath-builders. Irish myth: Cross.

P427.9. P427.9. Druids (poets) boil spell. Irish myth: Cross.

P428. P428. Musician. Icelandic: Boberg.

P428.1. P428.1. Harper. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

P429. P429. Miscellaneous learned professions.

P429.1. P429.1. Astronomers. Jewish: *Neuman.

P430. P430. Financiers and merchants.

P431. P431. Merchant. Jewish: *Neuman.

P431.1. P431.1. Merchants as spreaders of news. *Dickson 174 n. 35.

P435. P435. Usurer.

P435.1. P435.1. Wealthy usurer prays that the sons of the rich will become mad. That will benefit his business. His own sons lose their minds. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P435.2. P435.2. Usurer stops lending money. He does so, not because it is wrong, but because he is losing money. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P440. P440. Artisans. Jewish: *Neuman.

P441. P441. Tailor. *Fb “skrжdder”; *Chauvin IX 29 No. 18; *Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 7; *Feilberg Dania I 165ff., III 184ff.; Paludan Danske Studier (1925) 19ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P441.1. P441.1. Tailor occupies God’s throne for a day. *Type 800; *BP I 342.

P441.2. P441.2. Tailoring only trade devil cannot learn. He fails to knot thread because it would make sign of the cross. Scotch: Campbell Superstitions 304.

P441.3. P441.3. Tailor punished in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

P441.4. P441.4. Busy tailor asks soldier to mount watch in his place. Missouri French: Carriиre 177f. No. 36, 261 No. 59.

P442. P442. Baker. *Sйbillot Mйtiers Nos. 2, 3; *Nyrop Dania VIII 174ff.

P442.1. P442.1. Baker and devil walking together. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “boulanger”.

P443. P443. Miller. Type 461 (Danish); Von Sydow Vеra folksagor (1941) 38; *Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 1; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 137, 141, 198.

P443.0.1. P443.0.1. Water-miller. Icelandic: Boberg.

P443.1. P443.1. Why millers are thieves. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 27e.

P444. P444. Cabinet-maker. *Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 14.

P444.1. P444.1. Brave soldier and timid cabinet-maker as companions. German: Grimm No. 130a; BP III 67.

P445. P445. Weaver. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 6.

P445.1. P445.1. Why weavers are the most unhappy of men. They gave a nail for the Crucifixion. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 27C.

P445.2. P445.2. Why weavers have patience. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 27d.

P446. P446. Barber. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 11; Penzer III 100 n. 1.

P446.1. P446.1. Barbers as bunglers of plans. Chauvin V 154ff. Nos. 78ff. and n. 1.

P446.2. P446.2. Barbers cunning and greedy. India: Thompson-Balys.

P447. P447. Smith. *Sйbillot Mйtiers Nos. 17, 18; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 257--67; Andree (1878) 153; *Nyrop Dania IX 186ff.; Von Sydow Vеra folksagor (1941) 39ff. -- Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman.

P447.0.1. P447.0.1. Smith from Lochlann (Scandinavia, otherworld [?]) Irish myth: Cross.

P447.1. P447.1. Smith as grandfather of king. Irish myth: Cross.

P447.2. P447.2. Smith as rath-builder. Irish myth: Cross.

P447.3. P447.3. Smith as lord of hall of hospitality. Irish myth: Cross.

P447.4. P447.4. Smith punished in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

P447.5. P447.5. Smith honored by king as indispensable. Invited to festival. England: *Baughman.

P447.6. P447.6. Rivaling smiths. Icelandic: Boberg.

P447.7. P447.7. Goldsmith as lover. Icelandic: Boberg.

P447.8. P447.8. Covetous goldsmith. India: Thompson-Balys.

P448. P448. Butcher. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 4.

P451. P451. Spinner. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 5; *Von Sydow Spinnsagor.

P452. P452. Dressmaker (milliner, etc.). Type 326; German Grimm No. 4; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 269f.; Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 8.

P453. P453. Shoemaker. **C. Nyrop Dania VIII 195ff.; *Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 10; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 151, 155--157, 185.

P453.1. P453.1. Why shoemakers are indolent. A shoemaker spits at Christ on way to be crucified. Christ tells him, “A poor slobbering fellow thou shalt be, and all shoemakers after thee, for what thou has done to me.” (Cf. A2231.2, P445.1.) England; Baughman.

P454. P454. Hatter. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 10 pp. 52ff.

P455. P455. Mason (bricklayer). Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 12.

P456. P456. Carpenter. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 13; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 62ff., 89ff., 260ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

P457. P457. House-painter. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 15.

P458. P458. Woodsman. Types 327, 700; Kцhler Aufsдtze 49; Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 16; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P459. P459. Other artisans.

P459.1. P459.1. Printer. Sйbillot Mйtiers No. 19.

P460. P460. Other trades and professions.

P461. P461. Soldier. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 485ff.; Missouri French: Carriиre.

P461.1. P461.1. Soldier who has had both hands severed fights with his teeth until he is killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P461.2. P461.2. Soldier dies happy on learning of enemy‘s rout. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P461.3. P461.3. Soldier is ordered to set fire to enemy’s armada. Is caught and sawed in two. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P461.4. P461.4. Woman instructs in art of arms. (Cf. F565.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

P471. P471. Actor.

P471.1. P471.1. Actors banished along with vagabonds. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 537.

P475. P475. Robber. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman.

P475.1. P475.1. Twelve robbers. Fb III 132a “rшver”.

P475.2. P475.2. Robbers defeated and killed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

P481. P481. Astrologer. Penzer X 77a s.v. “Astrologer”; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

P482. P482. Painter (artist).

P482.1. P482.1. Devil pulls painter from chair. Scala Celi 120b No. 660.

P483. P483. Juggler (conjurer). Irish myth: Cross.

P485. P485. Philosopher.

P485.1. P485.1. Treacherous philosophers. India: Thompson-Balys.

P500--P599.

P500--P599. Government.

P500. P500. Government.

P510. P510. Law courts. *E. v. Kьnssberg Rechtliche Volkskunde (Halle, 1936); **Spargo Juridicial Folklore in England (Durham N.C., 1944); Irish myth: Cross.

P511. P511. Criminal allowed to choose his method of execution. *Wesselski Mдrchen 199.

P511.1. P511.1. Chooses to die of old age. Criminal given choice of deaths. (Cf. J1181.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Friedrich der Grosse” n. 58.

P511.2. P511.2. Man condemned to lose his eye is allowed to choose the instrument. Herbert III 71; Hervieux IV 310 No. 117; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P512. P512. Condemned woman may be freed by marrying a rogue. *Fb “gifte” I 432; Zs. f. Vksk. XXIII 108, XXV 286, XXVII 236; Sehreuer Zs. f. vgl. Rechtswiss. XXXIV 201; Blдtter f. pommersche Volkskunde VII 63.

P512.1. P512.1. Release from execution at a woman’s request (by marriage to her). *Taylor JAFL LX 185.

P513. P513. Criminal may fight against odds rather than be judicially executed. Child IV 497a.

P515. P515. Pardoning of criminal comes too late. Icelandic: Boberg.

P516. P516. Youngest of judges first to give decision. Jewish: *Neuman.

P517. P517. Crime less serious if committed at request of a lady. English romance: Malory VII 18.

P518. P518. Cities of refuge. Jewish: *Neuman.

P521. P521. Complacent judge disregards the confession. He has put the criminal to torture without success. When he releases him, the criminal says, “In a moment I should have confessed all.” The judge lets him go nevertheless. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 266 No. 247.

P522. P522. Laws.

P522.1. P522.1. Lex talionis. One life for one life. Equal number must be given up by each feuding side. (Cf. P535.) Irish myth: Cross (P548.2); India: Thompson-Balys; New Guinea: Ker 61.

P522.1.1. P522.1.1. A nose for a nose. India: Thompson-Balys.

P523. P523. Bringing suit in law courts. Irish myth: Cross.

P523.1. P523.1. Foreigner may not bring suit. (Cf. P191.) Irish myth: Cross.

P523.2. P523.2. Madman may not bring suit. Irish myth: Cross.

P523.2.1. P523.2.1. Fool not to be punished for his crime. Irish myth: Cross.

P523.3. P523.3. Slave may not bring suit. (Cf. P170.) Irish myth: Cross.

P524. P524. Legal security. Irish myth: Cross.

P524.1. P524.1. Poet may not act as security. (Cf. P427.) Irish myth: Cross.

P524.2. P524.2. Foreigner may not act as security. (Cf. P191.) Irish myth: Cross.

P525. P525. Contracts. Irish myth: Cross.

P525.0.1. P525.0.1. “It is a debt if it is promised.” Irish myth: Cross.

P525.1. P525.1. Contract made by madman void. (Cf. P192.) Irish myth: Cross.

P525.2. P525.2. Contract made by woman without her husband void. Irish myth: Cross.

P525.3. P525.3. He nearest to blood of slain man must avenge his death. Irish myth: Cross.

P526. P526. Legal principles.

P526.1. P526.1. “To every cow belongs its calf,” a legal principle applied to question of ownership of copy of manuscript. Irish myth: Cross.

P526.2. P526.2. “To every son belongs his mother”: in case of suspected illegitimacy, child is not guilty. Irish myth: Cross.

P531. P531. Taxation and payment of fines or tribute. Irish myth: *Cross.

P531.1. P531.1. Tribe failing to attend yearly feast to send gift as sign of submission. Irish myth: Cross.

P531.1.1. P531.1.1. Tribute required of conquered foreigners. Irish myth: *Cross.

P531.2. P531.2. Tax on treasure trove. (Cf. N500.) Irish myth: Cross.

P532. P532. Payment of tax (tribute). Irish myth: *Cross.

P533. P533. Feudal tribute. Specified interchange of aid and gifts. Irish myth: Cross.

P533.1. P533.1. Hostages. Irish myth: Cross.

P533.1.1. P533.1.1. Boys as hostages. Irish myth: Cross.

P535. P535. Eric fines (imposed for personal injury, etc.). (Cf. P522.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

P536. P536. Punishment for failure to pay tax. Irish myth: Cross.

P536.1. P536.1. Nose cut off for failure to pay tax. (Cf. Q451.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

P537. P537. Payment of stipend. Irish myth: Cross.

P541. P541. Law-making. Irish myth: Cross.

P541.1. P541.1. Heptads. Laws made in groups of seven. (Cf. Z71.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

P541.2. P541.2. Laws made at yearly feast. Irish myth: Cross.

P541.2.1. P541.2.1. Laws made at feast every seven years. Irish myth: Cross.

P548. P548. Miscellaneous legal customs. Irish myth: Cross.

P550. P550. Military affairs. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 181--254; Jewish: Neuman.

P551. P551. Army.

P551.0.1. P551.0.1. Band of professional warriors. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

P551.1. P551.1. Army of young men. Old men excluded. *Chauvin VII 84 No. 373bis.

P551.2. P551.2. Soldiers chained (tied) together to prevent flight from battle. Irish myth: Cross.

P551.3. P551.3. Clerics exempted from military service. Irish myth: Cross.

P551.4. P551.4. Hero drives retreating warriors back into battle. Irish myth: Cross.

P551.5. P551.5. Boy corps. Irish myth: Cross.

P551.6. P551.6. Law requiring military service of women revoked through influence of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

P551.7. P551.7. Conflicts with the recruiting officers. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3743.

P551.8. P551.8. Retainers not required to go to battle under overlord except for pay. Irish myth: Cross.

P551.8.1. P551.8.1. Only 700 subjects of under-king required to serve under overlord on any one hosting. Irish myth: Cross.

P551.9. P551.9. “Battle seeds” (semen bellicosum). Irish myth: Cross.

P552. P552. Battle formations. Irish myth: Cross.

P552.1. P552.1. Battle-pen. Warriors fight in circle around leader. Irish myth: Cross.

P552.2. P552.2. Superior troops distributed throughout army to prevent their soldierly qualities from being too obvious. Irish myth: Cross.

P552.3. P552.3. Phalanx. Irish myth: Cross.

P552.3.1. P552.3.1. Roof of shields. Testudo. Irish myth: Cross.

P552.4. P552.4. War-machines. Irish myth: Cross.

P552.5. P552.5. Haircut as preparation for war. Maori: Beckwith Myth 250.

P553. P553. Weapons. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

P553.1. P553.1. Poisoned weapons. Irish myth: Cross.

P554. P554. Battle-cairn. Losses reckoned by number of stones remaining in pile after each survivor has removed one. Irish myth: Cross.

P555. P555. Defeat in battle. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

P555.1. P555.1. Submission indicated by defeated lying with conqueror‘s sword between teeth. Irish myth: Cross.

P555.2. P555.2. Corpses of dead foes dismembered. Tupper and Ogle Walter Map 93.

P555.2.1. P555.2.1. Heads of fallen enemies piled up after battle. Irish myth: Cross.

P555.2.1.1. P555.2.1.1. “Publication of slaying.” Heads of slain enemies displayed. Irish myth: Cross; *Icelandic: Boberg.

P555.2.1.2. P555.2.1.2. Jawbone cut from slain opponent. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 422.

P555.3. P555.3. Gate of captured town (castle) to be widened until overlord’s spear can pass through crosswise. Irish myth: Cross.

P556. P556. Challenge to battle. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

P556.1. P556.1. Challenge by turning left side of shield toward enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

P556.2. P556.2. Challenge to battle by hurling javelin skyward. Virgil Aeneid IX 53.

P557. P557. Military customs. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.1. P557.1. Warrior not entitled to ransom if captured without arms. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.2. P557.2. Pledge with enemy to be kept. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.3. P557.3. Stones erected where enemy falls. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.4. P557.4. Customs concerning single combat. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.4.1. P557.4.1. First to reach field of combat has choice of weapons. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.4.2. P557.4.2. Warrior who begins combat has right to desist. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.4.3. P557.4.3. Choice of weapons alternates each succeeding day. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.4.4. P557.4.4. “Men‘s truth” (fir fer). Challenger to single combat must submit to same conditions as person challenged. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.4.4.1. P557.4.4.1. Warrior engaged in combat with one-armed opponent allows one hand to be bound to his side. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.5. P557.5. Warrior disgraced by slaying of those under his protection. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.6. P557.6. Warrior dies with face toward foe. Irish myth: Cross.

P557.7. P557.7. Divorce given to wives before leaving for battle. Jewish: Neuman.

P561. P561. Tournaments. **R. C. Clephan The Tournament (London, 1919); *O. Mueller Turnier und Kampf in den altfrz. Artusromanen (Erfurt, 1907); Jewish: Neuman.

P561.1. P561.1. King is persuaded to rescind ban on tournaments. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P561.2. P561.2. Tournament: to avenge death of king. India: Thompson-Balys.

P600--P699.

P600--P699. Customs.

P600. P600. Customs.1 Jewish: *Neuman.

P611. P611. Women meet when bathing. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Skaldsk. XLI (Nibel), *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

P612. P612. Trumpet blown before house of one sentenced to death. *Crane Vitry 151 No. 42; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P613. P613. Charon‘s fee: putting coin in dead person’s mouth to pay for ferry across Styx. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P616. P616. Newcomers forced to pass the night with ruling princess. Given sleeping potion. Goods confiscated for failure to consummate marriage. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P617. P617. People weep when child is born. They sing and laugh at burials. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P621. P621. Bridle goes with horse when horse is bought. *Wesselski Mдrchen 245f. No. 55.

P622. P622. Servant must keep horns and hide of his cattle that are slain. Wesselski Mдrchen 200.

P623. P623. Fasting (as a means of distraint). Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.1. P623.0.1. Fasting against God. Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.1.1. P623.0.1.1. Clerics fast against God for revelation. Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.2. P623.0.2. Fasting against the Devil. Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.3. P623.0.3. Fasting against fairies. Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.4. P623.0.4. Fasting against saints. Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.5. P623.0.5. Fasting by saints causes tree worshipped by pagans to fall. Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.6. P623.0.6. Fasting to enforce saint‘s dues. Irish myth: Cross.

P623.0.7. P623.0.7. Calves not let to cows during fast. Irish myth: Cross.

P631. P631. Strangers to be given precedence over man at home. Duke permits visiting duke to go through narrow path first. This sets custom. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 515.

P632. P632. Customs concerning recognition of rank. Irish myth: Cross.

P632.1. P632.1. Couches provided for men of high rank. Irish myth: Cross.

P632.2. P632.2. Cuts of meat distributed according to rank. Irish myth: Cross.

P632.2.1. P632.2.1. “The champion’s portion.” The choicest portion assigned to the bravest at feasts. Irish myth: Cross.

P632.3. P632.3. Rank among children recognized by quality of appointments and food. Irish myth: Cross.

P632.4. P632.4. Color worn signifies rank. Irish myth: Cross.

P632.4.1. P632.4.1. Precedence shown by position of shield (flag). Irish myth: Cross.

P632.5. P632.5. Long hair prized by Irish heroes. Irish myth: Cross.

P633. P633. Young not to precede old. Irish myth: Cross.

P634. P634. Feasts. Irish myth: Cross.

P634.0.1. P634.0.1. Customs connected with eating and food. Jewish: Neuman.

P634.1. P634.1. Feast (hospitality) endures for three days and three nights. Irish myth: Cross.

P634.2. P634.2. Feast (hospitality) endures for seven days and seven nights. Irish myth: Cross.

P641. P641. Injured husband will not kill a naked man. Child V 489 s.v. “naked”.

P642. P642. Only the brave to wear beards. Irish myth: Cross.

P643. P643. With only opponent’s arms. Hero goes to encounter unarmed except for the arms he wrests from his opponent. Irish myth: Cross.

P644. P644. Hero unwilling to answer questions before he is dressed. Icelandic: Boberg.

P651. P651. Customs concerning bells.

P651.1. P651.1. Bells hung at every corner of ship. Child IV 462a.

P651.2. P651.2. Bells on horse‘s mane. Child I 323, II 183--191, 344, IV 410, 413.

P651.3. P651.3. Bells rung backward as alarm. Child III 26.

P661. P661. Hut for invalid to prevent noxious odor. *Schoepperle 367ff.

P665. P665. Custom: boasting of sexual prowess. India: Thompson-Balys.

P671. P671. Woman veils self as expression of surprise. Chauvin V 149 No. 73 n. 1.

P672. P672. Pulling a man’s beard as an insult. E. Hinojosa Homenaje a Menйndez y Pelayo I 568ff.; R. Menйndez Pidal Cantar del Mio Cid II 498; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

P672.1. P672.1. Fur made of beards of conquered kings. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 185.

P672.2. P672.2. Cutting off a man’s (woman‘s) hair as an insult. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

P672.3. P672.3. Rubbing shaved head of hero with cow dung as insult. Irish myth: Cross.

P672.4. P672.4. Insult: lighting lamp with king’s moustache. India: Thompson-Balys.

P673. P673. Footwashing as sign of reconciliation. India: Thompson-Balys.

P674. P674. Old person commits suicide when strength fails. Irish myth: Cross.

P675. P675. Touching head as sign of acceptance of bargain. India: Thompson-Balys.

P676. P676. Feet (legs) seized in supplication. Greek: Iliad XXII 337 and passim; India: Thompson-Balys.

P677. P677. Customs connected with dueling.

P677.1. P677.1. Duel: shooting and catching arrows in turn. India: Thompson-Balys.

P678. P678. Pulling out hair as sign of grief. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (P673.1).

P678.1. P678.1. Tearing garments as sign of grief. Jewish: *Neuman.

P681. P681. Mourning customs. Jewish: *Neuman.

P682. P682. Greeting customs. Jewish: *Neuman.

P682.1. P682.1. Greeting in God‘s name. Jewish: Neuman.

P682.2. P682.2. Voyagers have right to ask landsman first question. Marquesas: Handy 56, 72.

P700--P799.

P700--P799. Society--miscellaneous motifs.

P710. P710. Nations.

P711. P711. Patriotism. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P711.1. P711.1. Wolves of his own country dearer than dogs of another. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 420.

P711.2. P711.2. Mother of invalided soldier says of his limping: “Every step will remind you of your virtue.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P711.3. P711.3. Common citizen saves the honor of his country. Gives his own funds. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P711.4. P711.4. Scipio plunges into burning pit to save Rome from destruction. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P711.5. P711.5. Roman undertakes to kill Hannibal. Kills another by mistake. Burns off his hand for having failed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

P711.6. P711.6. National unity preserved by expulsion of all foreign elements. Jewish: Moreno Esdras, Neuman.

P711.7. P711.7. Aristotle rises from sick bed to rush into battle for his country. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P711.8. P711.8. Aversion to burial in foreign soil. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

P711.9. P711.9. Patriotism: king learning that nation will triumph whose king dies in battle, allows self to be killed. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

P715. P715. Particular nations (races).

P715.1. P715.1. Jews. **Goebel Jьdische Motive in mдrchenhafte Erzдhlungsgut (Gleiwitz, 1932) 281--288; Jewish: *Neuman.

P720. P720. Population. Irish myth: Cross.

P721. P721. Diseases (plague) invoked to combat overpopulation. Irish myth: Cross.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Rewards and Punishments

Q. REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

Q0. Rewards and punishments

Q10--Q99. Deeds rewarded

Q10. Deeds rewarded

Q20. Piety rewarded

Q40. Kindness rewarded

Q60. Other good qualities rewarded

Q80. Rewards for other causes

Q100--Q199. Nature of rewards

Q100. Nature of rewards

Q110. Material rewards

Q140. Miraculous or magic rewards

Q150. Immunity from disaster as reward

Q170. Religious rewards

Q190. Rewards--miscellaneous

Q200--Q399. Deeds punished

Q200. Deeds punished

Q210. Crimes punished

Q220. Impiety punished

Q240. Sexual sins punished

Q260. Deceptions punished

Q270. Misdeeds concerning property punished

Q280. Unkindness punished

Q300. Contentiousness punished

Q320. Evil personal habits punished

Q330. Overweening punished

Q340. Meddling punished

Q380. Deeds punished--miscellaneous

Q400--Q599. Kinds of punishment

Q400. Kinds of punishment--general

Q410. Capital punishment

Q430. Abridgement of freedom as punishment

Q450. Cruel punishments

Q470. Humiliating punishments

Q500. Tedious punishments

Q520. Penances

Q550. Miraculous punishments

Q560. Punishments in hell

Q570. Punishment and remission

Q580. Punishment fitted to crime

Q590. Miscellaneous punishments

Q.

Q. REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS

Q0. Q0. Rewards and punishments. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q1. Q1. Hospitality rewarded--opposite punished. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q1.1. Q1.1. Gods (saints) in disguise reward hospitality and punish inhospitality. Usually the hospitable person is poor, the inhospitable rich. *Types 750AB, 751, 750*; *BP II 210, III 206; Aarne FFC XXIII 46; *Dh II 117; *Fb “Sankt Peder” III 164b, “rig” III 55a. -- Spanish: Espinosa II No. 86, III Nos. 168--171, Espinosa Jr. No. 181; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 656; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q2. Q2. Kind and unkind. Churlish person disregards requests of old person (animal) and is punished. Courteous person (often youngest brother or sister) complies and is rewarded. *Types 361, 403, 431, 440, 480, 513, 550, 551, 554, 570, 571, 577, 610, 620, 707, 750**, 287**; *BP I 86, 99, 207, 503, II 21, 39, 380, 394, 427, III 84, 267, 276; **Roberts; *Cox Cinderella 481; MacCulloch Childhood 61; *Saintyves Perrault 10. -- Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 18; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 75 No. 594, Espinosa II No. 86, III Nos. 141--143, 153, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 117, 183, 202--204; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 10, IV No. 7, V No. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Anesaki 318f., Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 32 No. 15, 46 No. 27; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 172, Dixon 210; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/167); N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 383, 386ff., 432, *Thompson Tales 276 n. 18b, (California): Gayton and Newman 95; Africa: Werner African 138ff., 204, 208, 210, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 89 No. 16, (Benga): Nassau 213 No. 23, (Ekoi): Talbot 237, 280, (Kaffir): Theal 48, 52, (Basuto): Jacottet 140, 146, 224, (Yoruba): Ellis 244 No. 1, (Fjort): Dennett 121f., (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 282, (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 70, Mдrchen 84; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 125 No. 44.

Q3. Q3. Moderate request rewarded; immoderate punished. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 566.

Q3.1. Q3.1. Woodsman and the gold axe. A woodsman lets his axe fall into the water. Hermes comes to his rescue. Takes out a gold axe but the woodsman says that it is not his. The same with a silver axe. Finally he is given his own axe and rewarded for his modest choice. His companion tries this plan and loses his axe. Wienert FFC LVI 79* (ET 449), 139 (ST 444); Halm Aesop No. 308; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 729*; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 34 No. 20; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q3.2. Q3.2. Lion divides slain bullock. The thief who demands half of the bullock driven off; the traveler who modestly withdraws invited to take half. Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 342), 140 (ST 459).

Q4. Q4. Humble rewarded, haughty punished. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q5. Q5. Laziness punished; industry rewarded.

Q5.1. Q5.1. Lazy jackal punished; industrious pig rewarded. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q5.2. Q5.2. Lazy owl punished; industrious hummingbird rewarded. Africa (Wute): Sieber 200.

Q6. Q6. Good thoughts rewarded, bad punished. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 186f.

Q6.1. Q6.1. Foolishness brings a man to death, quiet calm to fortune. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 92f.

Q7. Q7. Deity descends and makes king and wronged subject change places. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 425.

Q10--Q99.

Q10--Q99. Deeds rewarded.

Q10. Q10. Deeds rewarded.

Q20. Q20. Piety rewarded. Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 120, Beal XXI 336; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1153; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 70.

Q20.1. Q20.1. Reward for service of god, hero, or ascetic for a period. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q20.2. Q20.2. Fulfillment of precepts rewarded. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q21. Q21. Reward for religious sacrifice. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 427.

Q21.1. Q21.1. Old woman gives her only cow believing she would receive a hundred in return from God. A bishop hearing of her faith sends her a hundred cows. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q22. Q22. Reward for faith. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q23. Q23. Reward for securing converts. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q25. Q25. Reward for carrying Christ across a stream. Christ is in the form of a child. (St. Christopher.) *Type 768; Dh II 266; Legenda Aurea (ed. Graesse) 432; *Schwickert Zs. f. Vksk. NF III 14--26; Klapper Erzдhlungen des Mittelalters 111 No. 101; *Loomis White Magic 114.

Q25.1. Q25.1. Boy risks life to carry leper across stream. Leper is Christ in disguise. Irish myth: Cross.

Q26. Q26. Keeping fast rewarded. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q27. Q27. Reward for faith: boy doomed to die saved (miraculously). India: Thompson-Balys.

Q28. Q28. Reward for religious pilgrimage. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 188 No. 28.

Q32. Q32. Reward for offering food to crucifix (Madonna). BP III 474ff.

Q33. Q33. Reward for saying of prayers. (Cf. V50.) Ward II 621 No. 30; Scala Celi 136b No. 760; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q34. Q34. Reward for austerities of hermit. (Cf. Q144.1.) The further he must carry water, the greater his heavenly reward. Scala Celi 15a No. 84; Oesterley No. 80; *A. E. Schцnbach Die Legende von Engel und Waldbruder (Wien, 1901); India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q35. Q35. Reward for writing hymn. (Cf. Q172.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q36. Q36. Reward for repentance. (Cf. Q174.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q36.1. Q36.1. Reward for confession of sins. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q37. Q37. Reward for carrying out dead man’s request. Chinese: Graham.

Q38. Q38. Reward for attendance on holy man. (Cf. Q116.1.) Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 83, 158, 163f.

Q39. Q39. Piety rewarded--miscellaneous.

Q39.1. Q39.1. Asceticism rewarded. (Cf. V462.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 500, II 750.

Q40. Q40. Kindness rewarded. *Chauvin VI 109 No. 274 n. 2; Irish: Beal XXI 304; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Fox 200 (Phaon); Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 362; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 132 No. 87; Africa (Bankon): Ittman 83, (Bulu): Krug 109, (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 71.

Q41. Q41. Politeness rewarded. *Roberts 173; Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “politesse”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 152, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 117, 130, 183; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV Nos. 7, 8.

Q41.1. Q41.1. Ogre appeased by being called uncle (aunt, etc.). India: Thompson-Balys.

Q41.2. Q41.2. Reward for cleansing loathsome person. Cleansing eyelids, bathing, lousing etc. *Roberts 168; Type 480; Africa (Chaga): Gutmann 132ff. No. 83, (Alo): Pratt-Chadwick and Lamprey The Alo Man (New York, 1927) 17ff., (Batanga): Nassau JAFL XXVIII 45ff. No. 16, (Bulu): Krug JAFL XXV 113 No. 9, (Bambara): Travйlй 205ff. No. 66, (Hausa): Equilbecq Contes indigиnes III 291ff., Tremearne Hausa Superstitions and Customs (London, 1913) 424ff. No. 93.

Q42. Q42. Generosity rewarded. *Chauvin V 14 No. 68; *Penzer VIII 130ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “charitй”; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa III No. 152, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 202--204, 210; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 897, 904, 934, 988; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 38.

Q42.1. Q42.1. Spendthrift knight. Divides his last penny. He is later helped by the grateful person. *Types 508, 592, 665; BP II 490ff., Scala Celi 81b No. 467; *Hibbard 73, 79; Alphabet No. 291; Japanese: Anesaki 320.

Q42.1.1. Q42.1.1. Child divides last loaf with fairy (witch, etc.). Rewarded. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 396b; *Roberts 150, 169.

Q42.1.1.1. Q42.1.1.1. Reward for giving last loaf. Chinese: Graham.

Q42.1.2. Q42.1.2. Man who divides his food with beggar is later freed from captivity by him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q42.1.3. Q42.1.3. Excessive hospitality causes chieftain to become poor. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q42.2. Q42.2. Reward for providing coffins for poor. Chinese: Werner 384.

Q42.3. Q42.3. Generosity to saint (god) in disguise rewarded. (Cf. Q1, Q45.1.) Alphabet Nos. 297, 344, 365; Scala Celi 39b No. 222; Irish: Beal XXI 304, 325, O‘Suilleabhain 2, 68; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa II No. 86, III Nos. 168--171, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 83--85, 181f., 210; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 485; Chinese: Graham.

Q42.4. Q42.4. Man frees slave (incognito prince): rewarded when slave becomes king. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q42.4.1. Q42.4.1. Slave freed as reward for killing enemy’s two slaves, and given as much land as he can cultivate in three days. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q42.5. Q42.5. Reward for generosity to king‘s buffoon. Ruler rewards herald who is generous to his buffoon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q42.6. Q42.6. Reward for tearing out eye when demanded. Irish myth: Cross.

Q42.7. Q42.7. Reward for remitting tribute. (Cf. Q172.7.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q42.8. Q42.8. Saint gives a man all his credit for good deeds so that the man may go to heaven. Saint is then rewarded with even greater credit. (Cf. Q172.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q42.9. Q42.9. Cobbler gives new pair of shoes to poor boy and says: “You can pay me when you become archbishop.” Generously rewarded many years later. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q43. Q43. Reward for giving counsel. Irish myth: Cross.

Q44. Q44. Reward for almsgiving. Scala Celi 81b, 83a Nos. 465, 472; Alphabet 298, 302; Crane Vitry 175 No. 96; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa II No. 86, Espinosa Jr. No. 200; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 134, 342, II 1091, 1366; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q44.1. Q44.1. Reward to almsgiving monk given in form of restored honor and position. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q44.2. Q44.2. Man pardoned for short accounts when it is learned that he has given the money to the poor as alms. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q44.3. Q44.3. One rupee given away for charity incidentally brings back ten rupees. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q45. Q45. Hospitality rewarded. Scala Celi 51b, 81b, 83b, 104b, 152b, 158a, 164b Nos. 290, 466, 477, 569, 839, 884, 926; Alphabet No. 368; Irish myth: *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 95; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 152, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 181f.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 455, 989; Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 110, (Kaffir): Kidd 251 No. 13, (Ekoi): Talbot 208.

Q45.1. Q45.1. Angels entertained unawares. Hospitality to disguised saint (angel, god) rewarded. (Cf. Q42.3.) *Dh II 133ff.; *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 366; Scala Celi 39b, 81b Nos. 221, 464, 468; Alphabet Nos. 167, 365, 439; Herbert III 392; Literary treatment: Lowell “Vision of Sir Launfal”. -- Irish: Cross, O’Suilleabhain 90; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 752B*; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 181f.; Greek: Pauly-Wissowa s.v. “Baukis”; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 35; Japanese: Anesaki 251f.; N. A. Indian (Maliseet): Mechling JAFL XXVI 219ff.; Africa (Konnoh): Willans 140.

Q45.1.1. Q45.1.1. Three Nephites give blessings as reward for hospitality. (Mormon tradition.) **H. Lee, The Three Nephites: the Substance and Significance of the Legend in Folklore (Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1949).

Q45.1.2. Q45.1.2. King refuses to invite Patrick to feast. Poor man kills only cow and uses his only measure of meal to entertain Patrick. Patrick blesses his wife and son. Irish myth: Cross.

Q45.1.3. Q45.1.3. Hospitality to saint repaid: neither he nor his posterity will ever be hurt by venomous creatures. *Loomis White Magic 131.

Q45.2. Q45.2. Hospitality to devil repaid. *Type 821A; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 105.

Q45.2.1. Q45.2.1. Man saves the unrecognized devil from thunder and is generously rewarded. Estonian, Swedish, and Lithuanian: *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 27--31; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Q45.3. Q45.3. Hospitality to ascetic rewarded. Buddhist Myth: Malalasekera II 221, 604, 656, 775.

Q45.3.1. Q45.3.1. Hospitality to monk rewarded. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 819.

Q45.4. Q45.4. Revenge given up as reward for hospitality. (Cf. Q151.6.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q45.5. Q45.5. Hospitality repaid by attack on devastating enemy. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q45.6. Q45.6. Hospitality repaid by magic procuring of provisions. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q46. Q46. Reward for protecting fugitive.

Q46.1. Q46.1. Reward for protecting holy fugitive. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3104, Legends Nos. 198--206; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 280 n. 1.

Q47. Q47. Kindness to orphans repaid by dead parents. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99.

Q51. Q51. Kindness to animals rewarded. Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 83, Africa (Wakweli): Bender 87f., (Wute): Sieber 197, (Fang): Tessman 196.

Q51.1. Q51.1. Knight covers foal with his coat to protect it from storm. English: Wells 60 (Sire Gawene and the Carle of Carelyle).

Q51.2. Q51.2. Reward for kindness to tiger. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q53. Q53. Reward for rescue. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q53.1. Q53.1. Disguised king rewards rescuer from robbers. (Cf. K1812.) *BP III 450ff.

Q53.2. Q53.2. Magic shirt and information about sought robbers as reward for rescue of poor fisherman. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q53.2.1. Q53.2.1. Plenty of fishes as reward for rescue. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q53.3. Q53.3. Maiden queen offers her hand as reward for rescuing her town. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q53.3.1. Q53.3.1. Maiden gives her hand and riches to man who rescues her from trap. Africa (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 109.

Q54. Q54. Uprightness rewarded. (Cf. Q151.7.)

Q54.1. Q54.1. Ruler tries in vain to intimidate judge. Rewards him with high post. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q54.2. Q54.2. Captive knight freed for having kept his word. Is allowed to leave to collect ransom (or marry fiancйe). When he returns his captor frees him (or raises ransom). Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q55. Q55. Reward for sparing life when in animal form. Hartland Science 51; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q56. Q56. Love rewarded.

Q56.1. Q56.1. Ruler rewards man‘s love for his captive wife with riches and freedom. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q56.2. Q56.2. Ruler rewards captives’ love for each other. Sets them free and enriches them. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q56.3. Q56.3. Queen rewards love of man of low lineage by making him an ambassador. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q57. Q57. Attendance on the sick rewarded. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 66, Mдrchen 83.

Q57.1. Q57.1. Reward for shielding Mary in childbirth from gaze of onlookers. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 5.

Q60. Q60. Other good qualities rewarded.

Q61. Q61. Self-abnegation rewarded. (Cf. L200.) Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

Q61.1. Q61.1. Monk who did not ask for position made abbot. He is given the bribe money paid by other ambitious monks. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 124 No. 107; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q61.2. Q61.2. Devil spares abbot because of humility. Scala Celi 104b No. 570.

Q62. Q62. Reward for ability to keep secrets. Type 480; *Roberts 159; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 178.

Q64. Q64. Patience rewarded. (Cf. W26.) Jewish: Neuman.

Q65. Q65. Filial duty rewarded. Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Graham; Tonga: Gifford 34.

Q65.1. Q65.1. Supplying food to ungrateful stepmother rewarded. (Cf. Q151.2.) Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 129 No. 23.

Q66. Q66. Humility rewarded. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q66.1. Q66.1. Humility before saint (god) in disguise rewarded. Irish myth: Cross.

Q67. Q67. Kingly duty rewarded. Irish myth: Cross.

Q68. Q68. Integrity rewarded. Irish myth: Cross.

Q68.1. Q68.1. Truth-speaking rewarded. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q68.2. Q68.2. Honesty rewarded. Finnish-Swedish: Hackman FFC VI No. 940*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 941*; Chinese: Graham.

Q72. Q72. Loyalty rewarded. Jewish: Neuman.

Q72.1. Q72.1. Reward for loyalty to king. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q80. Q80. Rewards for other causes.

Q81. Q81. Reward for perseverance. Penzer II 97.

Q81.1. Q81.1. Nobleman’s perseverance wins him coveted place on reserved bench. Elected upon the death of one of its occupants. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q82. Q82. Reward for fearlessness. Reward given by devil or ghost. *Type 326; Penzer VII 120 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q82.1. Q82.1. Snake helps girl who permits it to wind itself around her body. Africa (Rozwi): Posselt Fables of the Veld (London, 1929) 39ff., (Thonga): Junod 248ff., Berthoud ZsES XXI 154f. No. 10.

Q82.2. Q82.2. Ferocious animal (lion, tiger, etc.) rewards man who does not fear it. Africa (Congo): Christaller Handbuch der Duala-Sprache (Basel, 1892) 68ff.

Q83. Q83. Reward for marital fidelity. (Cf. Q87.) Jewish: Moreno Esdras, Neuman.

Q83.1. Q83.1. Reward for wife‘s fidelity. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 845.

Q84. Q84. Reward for stoic endurance of pain. Irish myth: Cross.

Q85. Q85. Reward for asking proper questions. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 203.

Q86. Q86. Reward for industry. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 66a; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 567.

Q86.1. Q86.1. Reward to ant for industry. Ant has food all winter because she keeps it safe and dry by airing it in the sun. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q87. Q87. Reward for preservation of chastity. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman, Moreno Esdras.

Q87.1. Q87.1. Ruler marries maiden who has repulsed his advances. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q87.1.1. Q87.1.1. Spurned ruler has the maiden marry highest ranking knight. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q87.1.2. Q87.1.2. Married woman spurns king’s offer of marriage. King honors her husband. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q87.1.3. Q87.1.3. Spurned suitor is offered girl by her mother. He rewards her refusal by a gift of money. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q87.2. Q87.2. Courtier rewarded for resisting princess‘s advances. When her father learns of the affair he rewards the courtier and has him marry his daughter. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q87.3. Q87.3. Reward for long-suffering nun: made abbess of convent. Heptameron No. 22.

Q88. Q88. Reward for proficiency.

Q88.1. Q88.1. Fra Lippo Lippi is freed by Moors because of his greatness as a painter. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q88.2. Q88.2. Princess kisses ugly poet while he sleeps. Kisses not the ugly face but the divine mouth. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q91. Q91. Reward for cleverness.

Q91.1. Q91.1. Princess given in marriage to clever thief. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q91.2. Q91.2. King rewards scullion for bon-mot. Makes him a valet. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q91.3. Q91.3. King rewards poem. (Cf. Q112.0.1.2, Q411.10.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q91.4. Q91.4. Answer rewarded with gold ring; message rewarded with purse with silver. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q93. Q93. Reward for supernatural help.

Q93.1. Q93.1. Reward for bringing rain. Chinese: Graham.

Q93.2. Q93.2. Reward for resuscitating dead. (Cf. E0.) Chinese: Graham.

Q94. Q94. Reward for cure. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q95. Q95. Reward for musician.

Q95.1. Q95.1. Reward for flute-playing. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 70.

Q100--Q199.

Q100--Q199. Nature of rewards.

Q100. Q100. Nature of rewards.

Q101. Q101. Reward fitting to deed. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q101.1. Q101.1. Reward like deed: liberal and munificent girl blessed with riches and prosperity. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q110. Q110. Material rewards.

Q111. Q111. Riches as reward. *Roberts 190; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 132, 181; Jewish; Neuman; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 88.

Q111.1. Q111.1. Hero made business partner of rich man. English: Wells 175 (The Childe of Bristowe).

Q111.2. Q111.2. Riches as reward (for hospitality). (Cf. Q45.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q111.3. Q111.3. Riches as reward for help against robbers. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q111.4. Q111.4. Gold ring as reward. (Cf. Q91.3, Q91.4.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q111.5. Q111.5. Giant gives gold, silver and weapon as reward for good advice. (Cf. Q113.1, Q114.) Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 124--125.

Q111.6. Q111.6. Treasure as reward. Chinese: Graham.

Q111.7. Q111.7. Jewels as reward. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

Q111.8. Q111.8. Large quantity of land as reward. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q112. Q112. Half of kingdom as reward. *Types 575, 653; *BP II 131ff., III 45ff.; Christiansen FFC XXIV 99; *Fb “prins og prinsesse” II 876; Icelandic: Egils saga einhenda ok Бsmundar Berserkjabana (FAS III) 366 (one-third of kingdom), Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 19; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 50; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand 427 No. 80; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 264.

Q112.0.1. Q112.0.1. Kingdom as reward. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q112.0.1.1. Q112.0.1.1. Kingdom as reward for piety. (Cf. Q20.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Q112.0.1.2. Q112.0.1.2. Kingdom as reward for poem. (Cf. Q91.3.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q112.0.1.3. Q112.0.1.3. Kingdom as reward for finding abducted princess. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q112.0.2. Q112.0.2. Half of property as reward. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q112.0.3. Q112.0.3. Two thirds of kingdom as reward for finding abducted princesses. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q112.0.4. Q112.0.4. One third of kingdom and the king‘s daughter as reward for getting victory-stone during the night. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q112.0.5. Q112.0.5. Kingdom and hand of princess as reward for virtuous life. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q112.0.6. Q112.0.6. Dominion over world as reward. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q112.0.7. Q112.0.7. Reward: royal line of descendants. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q112.1. Q112.1. Chieftainship as reward. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1142, 13/174, 420); Africa (Ganda): Baskerville 1ff., (Hausa): Mischlich 164ff. No. 22, (Bondei): Woodward FL XXXVI 367ff. No. 12.

Q112.2. Q112.2. Reward: sovereignty for hour (day). India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q112.3. Q112.3. Reward: seat next to king. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q113. Q113. Knighthood as reward. English: Wells 94 (The Taill of Rauf Coilyear); and very frequently in medieval romances.

Q113.0.1. Q113.0.1. High honors as reward. Chinese: Graham.

Q113.1. Q113.1. Appointment to earldom as reward for good advice. (Cf. Q43, Q111.5.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q113.2. Q113.2. Appointment as page as reward. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q113.3. Q113.3. High position as reward for piety. (Cf. Q20.) Jewish: Neuman.

Q113.4. Q113.4. Appointment to priesthood as reward.

Q113.4.1. Q113.4.1. Institution of priests and Levites as reward for observance of Sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.

Q114. Q114. Gifts as reward. (Cf. Q111.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q114.0.1. Q114.0.1. Gifts made to advisor. (Cf. Q43.). Irish myth: Cross.

Q114.1. Q114.1. Precious knife and belt as gift on unknown helper’s spearshaft outside his tent. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 346.

Q114.2. Q114.2. Gifts as rewards for gifts. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q114.3. Q114.3. Sword as reward. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q115. Q115. Reward: any boon that may be asked. *Schoepperle II 420ff., 528 --541; Malone PMLA XLIII 413; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 946, 1153.

Q115.1. Q115.1. Reward: any boon that may be asked--king‘s wife demanded. *Schoepperle II 420ff., 528ff.; *Krappe Revue Celtique XLVIII (1931) 94; Cross and Nitze Lancelot and Guenevere (Chicago, 1930) 31ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q115.2. Q115.2. King promises daughter she may marry anyone she desires. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q115.3. Q115.3. Reward: any boon that may be asked--man asks only for son. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q116. Q116. Favorable decree as reward. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q116.1. Q116.1. Favorable decree as reward for helping holy person. (Cf. Q38.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q121. Q121. Freedom as reward.

Q121.1. Q121.1. Slaves freed as reward. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q135. Q135. Wine as reward. Twelve jars of honey-sweet wine as reward for protection. (Cf. Q46.1.) Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 280 n. 1.

Q140. Q140. Miraculous or magic rewards.

Q141. Q141. Reward: man’s cows magically multiply. (Cf. Q1.) Type 750B; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 181; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q141.1. Q141.1. Monks‘ who always shared with the poor receive supplies of flour or bread. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q141.2. Q141.2. Plentiful game animals (fish) as reward. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 37; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 27f.

Q142. Q142. Magic treasure as reward for humility. (Cf. Q66.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q143. Q143. Superior rebirth as reward. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 155, 167, 427, 1157, II 604, 671, 775, 904.

Q144. Q144. Reward: hearing voice of God.

Q144.1. Q144.1. Hermit as reward for austerities hears voice of God. (Cf. Q34.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q145. Q145. Miraculously long life as reward. (Cf. Q151.) Greek: Fox 158 (Sarpedon); Jewish: Gaster Exempla 222 No. 179, *Neuman, Moreno Esdras (Q151.6).

Q145.0.1. Q145.0.1. Reward: happiness during last year of life. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q145.1. Q145.1. Miraculously long life as reward for hospitality. (Cf. Q45.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q145.1.1. Q145.1.1. Health as reward for drink. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q145.2. Q145.2. Miraculously long life as reward for integrity. (Cf. Q68.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q146. Q146. Reward: end of plague. (Cf. Q552.10.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q147. Q147. Supernatural manifestations at death of pious person. Irish: Cross, Beal XXI 317, O’Suilleabhain 46; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 1 Nos. 1--3; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 186.

Q147.1. Q147.1. Body of saint miraculously rolls over to make room in his grave for pious man. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q147.2. Q147.2. Pope who has warred on wicked nobles refused burial in church. Magic wind blows doors open to show he has right to be buried there. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q147.3. Q147.3. Death by kiss from God. Jewish: Neuman.

Q149. Q149. Miraculous or magic reward--miscellaneous.

Q149.1. Q149.1. Color (of animal) as reward for pious act. Irish myth: Cross.

Q150. Q150. Immunity from disaster as reward.

Q150.1. Q150.1. Rescue from deluge as reward. Jewish: Moreno Esdras, *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 81f.

Q150.1.1. Q150.1.1. Lot and family rewarded by being saved from destruction of city. (Cf. Q152.) Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q150.2. Q150.2. Loss of all evil and corruption as reward. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q151.9).

Q151. Q151. Life spared as reward.

Q151.1. Q151.1. Charitable man’s death postponed. (Cf. Q42, Q145.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 337.

Q151.2. Q151.2. Death passes by man who fed his stepmother. (Cf. Q65.1.) Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 129 No. 23.

Q151.3. Q151.3. Hospitable person saved from death. (Cf. Q45.1.) Dh II 134ff.

Q151.4. Q151.4. Faithful old dog threatened with death proves his worth and is spared. BP I 425 n. 1, III 74 n. 2.

Q151.5. Q151.5. Humble man miraculously saved from drowning. (Cf. Q4.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q151.6. Q151.6. Life spared as reward for hospitality. (Cf. Q45.4.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q151.7. Q151.7. Life spared as reward for uprightness. (Cf. Q54.) PMLA XLVI 1004; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q151.8. Q151.8. Life spared as reward for bravery and constancy. Centurion tells his enemies to kill him rather than attempt to win him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q151.9. Q151.9. Resurrection as reward. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q151.5); Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 188 No. 128.

Q151.10. Q151.10. Honest brahman spared by tiger. (Cf. Q68.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q151.11. Q151.11. Man saved from lions as reward. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q151.12. Q151.12. Pot of boiling oil thrown at compassionate woman does not harm her. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 362.

Q151.13. Q151.13. Women rewarded with their lives for excellent dancing. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1260).

Q152. Q152. City saved from disaster as reward. Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 63, 70.

Q152.1. Q152.1. Hospitality of a citizen saves a city from destruction. (Cf. Q45.) Alphabet No. 368.

Q153. Q153. Nature benign and fruitful during reign of good king. (Cf. Q67.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q153.1. Q153.1. Cows white-headed during reign of good king. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q154. Q154. Immunity from death by violence as reward. Irish myth: Cross.

Q154.1. Q154.1. Descendants of man who endured pain without crying out not to meet violent deaths. (Cf. Q84.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q156. Q156. Victory as reward for piety. (Cf. Q20.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q157. Q157. Escape of hostages miraculously prevented as reward for piety. (Cf. Q20.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q161. Q161. Healing as reward.

Q161.1. Q161.1. Sight restored as reward. (Cf. F952, Q42.6.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q161.2. Q161.2. Healing of disease as reward. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 188 No. 128.

Q161.3. Q161.3. Hunchback healed as reward for kindness. (Cf. Q40.) Africa (Bulu): Krug 109.

Q162. Q162. Invulnerability as reward for pious act. Irish myth: Cross.

Q170. Q170. Religious rewards. *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 23; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q171. Q171. Immunity from punishment for sin as reward. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q171.1. Q171.1. Forgiveness of sin for acts of charity. Alphabet No. 296; Irish: Beal XXI 332, O’Suilleabhain 101.

Q171.1.1. Q171.1.1. Husband forgiven for having killed jealous wife: builds monastery and becomes monk in it. Heptameron No. 70.

Q172. Q172. Reward: admission to heaven. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q172.0.1. Q172.0.1. Fairy minstrel asks admission to heaven as reward for playing for saint. (Cf. F262.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q172.0.2. Q172.0.2. Rewards in heaven. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q172.1. Q172.1. Child taken to heaven: offers food to crucifix. BP III 474ff.; Reinhard PMLA XL 93; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 105, Beal XXI 333; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3727; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 90 No. 767*.

Q172.2. Q172.2. Man admitted to heaven for single act of charity. Herbert III 328 No. 9; Irish: Beal XXI 330; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. No. 182; Jewish: Neuman.

Q172.2.1. Q172.2.1. The rich man‘s trial in heaven. A piece of bread given to a beggar is placed on the scales. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 802A*; Prussian: Plenzat 46.

Q172.3. Q172.3. Man admitted to heaven as reward for penance. (Cf. Q520.) *Type 756B; *BP III 463; **Andrejev FFC LXIX 154; English: Wells 114 (Sir Isumbras); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q172.4. Q172.4. Palace being built in heaven for pious king. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q172.4.1. Q172.4.1. Rooms in heaven are prepared for good man in heaven. The dead miser asks the living man to give him at least one of them. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 804A*.

Q172.5. Q172.5. Numerous sinners to go to heaven as reward for man’s writing hymn. (Cf. Q35.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q172.6. Q172.6. Heaven as reward for renouncement of long life. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q172.7. Q172.7. Man admitted to heaven for remitting tribute. (Cf. Q42.7.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q172.8. Q172.8. Mother of saint admitted to heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

Q172.8.1. Q172.8.1. Saint goes to heaven every Thursday. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q172.9. Q172.9. Deification as reward. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 38.

Q173. Q173. Saint made judge of doom for men of Ireland (as reward). Irish myth: *Cross.

Q174. Q174. Reward: release from hell. Irish myth: Cross.

Q174.1. Q174.1. Release from hell as reward for repentance. (Cf. Q36.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q174.1.1. Q174.1.1. Saint‘s requests for releasing souls from hell. (Cf. Q20.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q174.1.1.1. Q174.1.1.1. Saint requests that on Doomsday he may bring out of hell, for every hair of his chasuble, seven condemned souls. Irish myth: Cross.

Q174.1.1.2. Q174.1.1.2. God grants to saint the boon that no one buried in any of his churches shall go to hell. Irish myth: Cross.

Q174.1.1.3. Q174.1.1.3. God grants to saint the boon that two persons are to be rescued from hell by him “to the end of the world.” Irish myth: Cross.

Q174.1.1.4. Q174.1.1.4. Saint requests that any person appealing to him at death shall escape hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q175. Q175. Reward: holy person to be buried and resurrected in one place. Irish myth: Cross.

Q176. Q176. God gives “peace and favorable weather” in consequence of enactment of good law. (Cf. Q153.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q190. Q190. Rewards--miscellaneous.

Q191. Q191. Family line of good man rewarded. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q192. Q192. Child given as reward for prayer. Jewish: Moreno Esdras, *Neuman.

Q193. Q193. Crowns and palms as reward. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q191).

Q195. Q195. Blessings. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q200--Q399.

Q200--Q399. Deeds punished.

Q200. Q200. Deeds punished. **Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “Crimes and punishments”; *DeCock Volkssage passim; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q210. Q210. Crimes punished. Irish myth: Cross; Norwegian: Solheim Register 21.

Q210.1. Q210.1. Criminal intent punished. (Cf. Q211.8, Q261.1, Q451.7.0.2.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q211. Q211. Murder punished. (Cf. Q411.6, Q413.4, Q414.0.12, Q416.0.2, Q417.1, Q421.0.4, Q424.0.1, Q431.1, Q431.9, Q450.1.1, Q451.1.4, Q451.2.3, Q451.4.5, Q451.7.4, Q469.6, Q469.12, Q491.6, Q497, Q511, Q511.1, Q512.0.1, Q520.1, Q545, Q551.3.3, Q551.8.3, Q552.3.0.2, Q556.2, Q556.10, Q558.9, Q582.3.) Irish: Beal XXI 336, O‘Suilleabhain 124; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 319f.; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 202, 205--09; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 267; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 38 No. 25; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/818, 1353, 13/127); Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 168, (Greenland): Rasmussen III 76, 111, 294; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 156, 163.

Q211.0.1. Q211.0.1. God revenges murder after thirty years. *Wesselski Mдrchen 200; *BP II 535 n. 1.

Q211.0.2. Q211.0.2. Enormity of kin murder. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q211.0.3. Q211.0.3. Emperor punished for his many murders. He is carried to hell. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q211.1. Q211.1. Parricide punished. (Cf. Q552.2.3.3, Q552.3.1.1, Q553.3.3.) *Types 756B, 761*; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 239; Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 185.

Q211.2. Q211.2. Matricide punished. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 383 n. 3, Aeschylus Eumenides.

Q211.3. Q211.3. Uxoricide punished. (Cf. Q414.0.1, Q416.0.2.1, Q596.1.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Koryak, American Indian: *Jochelson JE VI 378; Africa (Bankon): Ittman 98.

Q211.4. Q211.4. Murder of children punished. (Cf. Q418.2, Q455.1, Q553.5.) *Types 781, 832; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 31, Beal XXI 310; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 148f.; Greek: Grote I 160; Jewish: *Neuman; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/15).

Q211.4.1. Q211.4.1. Queen expelled for poisoning stepson. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q211.4.2. Q211.4.2. Woman murders son’s wives. (Cf. Q426.1.) Africa (Wakweli): Bender 86.

Q211.5. Q211.5. Suicide punished. (Cf. Q503.1.)

Q211.6. Q211.6. Killing an animal revenged. (Cf. Q231, Q424.1, Q582.4.)

Q211.6.1. Q211.6.1. Punishment for flaying live calf. Fb “kalv” II 79a.

Q211.6.2. Q211.6.2. Punishment for killing sacred whale. Polynesia: *Beckwith Myth 504f.

Q211.7. Q211.7. Punishment for splitting head and eating man‘s brains. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 369 n. 4 (Tydeus).

Q211.8. Q211.8. Punishment for desire to murder. (Cf. Q210.1, Q469.4, Q552.19.2.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 177, (Greenland): Rink 157, 222, 469, Holm 47, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 62.

Q211.8.1. Q211.8.1. Wounded king exacts fine from those intending to slay him. Irish myth: Cross.

Q211.9. Q211.9. Fratricide punished. (Cf. Q411, Q414.0.13.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q211.9.1. Q211.9.1. God punishes murder of brother-in-law by having murderer’s male heirs die. (Cf. Q558.) Heptameron No. 40.

Q211.9.2. Q211.9.2. Punishment for killing foster brother. Irish myth: Cross.

Q211.10. Q211.10. Punishment for murder of co-wife. Africa (Bankon): Ittman 100.

Q211.11. Q211.11. Punishment for wholesale massacre of tribe. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 877.

Q211.12. Q211.12. Murder of parents punished by member of family. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/818); Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 385; Tonga: Gifford 53; Maori: Beckwith Myth 474.

Q211.13. Q211.13. Slave killed who killed enemy at owner‘s order. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q212. Q212. Theft punished. (Cf. Q221.8, Q413.1, Q428.2, Q431.15, Q451.0.4, Q451.1.1, Q451.2.2, Q451.4.1, Q451.5.2, Q451.6.2, Q451.7.0.2.2, Q458.0.3, Q458.2.2, Q467.2, Q469.10.2, Q520.2, Q551.2.3.ff., Q551.6.4, Q551.7.2, Q552.4, Q552.6, Q552.19.3, Q554.1, Q558.6, Q559.10, Q597.3.) *Bloomfield Am. Journ. Philology XLIV 227, *Penzer V 61 n. 1, 143 n., VI 19; *Loomis White Magic 98.--Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 325 No. 1; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 96 No. 1, Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 378; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 122; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 195; Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 225, (Luba): DeClerq Zs. f. KS IV 222, (Ekoi): Talbot 233; West Indies: Flowers 567.

Q212.1. Q212.1. Theft from dwarf (witch) revenged. *Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 117.

Q212.2. Q212.2. Grave-robbing punished. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 116 No. 17.

Q212.3. Q212.3. Punishment of theft: origin of sweating. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q212.4. Q212.4. Stolen animal’s meat impossible to cook. *Loomis White Magic 101f.

Q213. Q213. Abduction punished. (Cf. Q411.8, Q595.2, R10.) Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q215. Q215. Cannibalism punished. India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 91.

Q217. Q217. Treason punished. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 597.

Q220. Q220. Impiety punished. (Cf. Q457.2, Q458.0.5, Q467.2, Q552.2.3.1.2, Q552.2.3.2.2, Q558.11, Q558.12, Q558.17, Q559.4, Q559.5.) Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 317, 331, 335; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q220.1. Q220.1. Devil plagues impious people. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 13 No. 113; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 719--43, 825f.; West Indies: Flowers 567.

Q220.1.1. Q220.1.1. Devil takes shape of old woman to punish impious nuns. Introduces them to three youths disguised as girls and brings about nuns‘ seduction. Nuns are stoned to death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q221. Q221. Personal offences against gods punished. (Cf. Q551.3.4.2, Q552.14.0.1.).

Q221.1. Q221.1. Discourtesy to god punished. (Cf. Q327.) Irish: Beal XXI 336, O’Suilleabhain 125; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Grote I 32; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 132, *190, 233; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 141; Society Islands: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 382; West Indies: Flowers 567.

Q221.1.1. Q221.1.1. Discourtesy to messengers of the Gods punished. Jewish: Moreno Esdras, Neuman.

Q221.2. Q221.2. Punishment for opposition to Christ at crucifixion. (Cf. Q556.1.)

Q221.3. Q221.3. Blasphemy punished. (Cf. Q551.1.8, Q558.4.) *Loomis White Magic 98f.; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. No. 190; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q221.4. Q221.4. Seaman who defies God shipwrecked. England: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 No. 174.

Q221.4.1. Q221.4.1. Dam builder remarks that God Almighty could not sweep completed dam away. The whole structure gives away, disappears. U.S.: Baughman.

Q221.4.2. Q221.4.2. Man vows to recover loose boat or go to hell trying. He goes to hell. U.S.: Baughman.

Q221.4.3. Q221.4.3. Party of horsemen detained by bad weather vow to reach town whether God will or no. The earth swallows them up. (Cf. Q552.2.3.) England: Baughman.

Q221.5. Q221.5. Disobedience to God punished. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q229).

Q221.6. Q221.6. Lack of trust in God punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q221.7. Q221.7. Doubt of veracity of goddess‘ statement punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q221.8. Q221.8. Theft from water-deity punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q222. Q222. Punishment for desecration of holy places (images, etc.) (Cf. Q411.11, Q415.7, Q431.13, Q491.1.2, Q499.3, Q551.6.5, Q551.8.2, Q552.17, Q556.6, Q557.7, Q558.5, Q558.14, Q558.17, Q558.18, Q559.9.) Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 114; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 190; Greek (Herodotus): Classical Philology XXXIX (1944) 179f.; Jewish: Neuman.

Q222.0.1. Q222.0.1. Stone in church sheds blood to foretell coming plunder of church. Irish myth: Cross.

Q222.0.2. Q222.0.2. Miraculous flow of blood from desecrated building or object. Irish myth: Cross.

Q222.1. Q222.1. Punishment for desecration of host. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain No. 190; England: Baughman; Heptameron No. 33.

Q222.1.1. Q222.1.1. Renegade priest punished by death for allowing heathen to defile the host. A knight slays the priest. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q222.2. Q222.2. Punishment for heaping indignities upon crucifix. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q222.3. Q222.3. Foul portrayal of Jesus on the Cross brings punishment to the artist and the man responsible. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q222.4. Q222.4. Magic storm as punishment for profaning of temple. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q222.5. Q222.5. Punishment for desecrating church (shrine, idol). Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q222.5.1. Q222.5.1. Stones fall in churchyard, punish desecrators of church. England: Baughman.

Q222.5.2. Q222.5.2. Magic storm as punishment for desecrating of temple. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q222.5.3. Q222.5.3. Bold woman who danced naked in church is stricken with leprosy. *Loomis White Magic 97.

Q222.5.4. Q222.5.4. Thieves who attempt to steal from churches or shrines are miraculously rendered powerless to get out, and walk in a circle. *Loomis White Magic 97f., 98.

Q222.5.5. Q222.5.5. Desecrated church burned by burning straw carried by sparrow. (This is done through power of saint.) Irish myth: Cross; England, Wales, Scotland: Baughman.

Q222.5.6. Q222.5.6. Hand stuck for beating an idol. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q222.6. Q222.6. Punishment for desecration of holy temple utensils. Jewish: Neuman.

Q223. Q223. Punishment for neglect of services to gods (God). (Cf. Q523.7, Q554.2, Q557.7, Q559.4.) Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q223.1. Q223.1. Neglect to pray punished. Kцhler-Bolte I 148; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3361, Legends Nos. 691f.; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 280 No. 47.

Q223.2. Q223.2. Neglect to thank gods punished. Greek: Fox 59.

Q223.3. Q223.3. Neglect to sacrifice punished. Alphabet No. 782; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 305 n. 3; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q223.4. Q223.4. Neglect to hear confessional punished. Scala Celi 47a No. 263; Alphabet No. 175; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q223.4.1. Q223.4.1. Priest joins devils after death because he lets woman die without confession. Scala Celi 161b No. 916.

Q223.5. Q223.5. Neglect to attend church punished. U.S.: Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 No. 1167.

Q223.6. Q223.6. Failure to observe holiness of Sabbath punished. (Cf. Q551.2.2, Q552.14.1.) *Loomis White Magic 99f.; Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3375, Legends Nos. 719--45; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q223.7. Q223.7. Punishment for neglect of mass. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 98.

Q223.7.1. Q223.7.1. Virgin Mary appears to lady who neglected to hear mass. Woman awakens from trance to find piece of taper the Virgin took from her. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q223.8. Q223.8. Failure to do penance punished. Monk fails and becomes ill. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q223.9. Q223.9. Neglect to fast punished. Jewish: Neuman.

Q223.9.1. Q223.9.1. Neglect to fast punished by sight of dragon ready to carry man off to hell. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q223.9.2. Q223.9.2. Musician flogged for eating a kid on Friday (day of fast). (Cf. Q458.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q223.10. Q223.10. Neglect to study scriptures punished.

Q223.10.1. Q223.10.1. Neglect to study Tora punished. Jewish: Neuman.

Q223.11. Q223.11. Failure to circumcise child punished. Jewish: Neuman.

Q223.12. Q223.12. Failure to finish period of mourning punished. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 180.

Q223.13. Q223.13. Neglect of clerical duties punished. Irish myth: Cross.

Q223.13.1. Q223.13.1. Monk neglecting to prostrate self at canonical hours expelled from monastery by saint and dies on seventh day. Irish myth: Cross.

Q223.13.2. Q223.13.2. Punishment (fine) for not giving benediction on finished work. Irish myth: Cross.

Q223.14. Q223.14. Punishment for failure to give customary offering to gods. Marquesas: Handy 81, Mйtraux Ethnology 329.

Q224. Q224. Punishment for betraying confessional. (Cf. Q414.0.9.) *Dickson 46 n. 55; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 302; *Krappe “La fille de l’homme riche” Byzantion XVII (1944--45) 339--346; Irish: Beal XXI 334.

Q225. Q225. Punishment for scoffing at religious teachings. (Cf. Q415.8, Q458.0.5, Q551.10.1, Q552.7, Q552.8, Q552.13.1.2, Q553.1, Q554.3, Q554.4, Q555.1, Q558.1.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 Nos. 171--173; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

Q225.1. Q225.1. Heresy punished. (Cf. Q414.0.8, Q469.7, Q559.11.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q225.2. Q225.2. Punishment for denying pagan gods. (Cf. Q413.6.)

Q225.3. Q225.3. Punishment for doubting Buddha‘s religion. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 479.

Q226. Q226. Punishment for leaving holy orders. (Cf. Q520.5, Q551.3.4.3.)

Q226.1. Q226.1. Hermit leaving his cell to become robber falls and breaks his neck. He has seen a penitent robber’s soul borne to heaven and resolves therefore to be a robber. *Crane Vitry 166 No. 72; Kittredge Englische Studien XIX 177; *Herbert III 60. Cf. Type 756B.

Q226.2. Q226.2. Mutinous clerics expelled in shapes of swine. (Cf. Q551.3.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q227. Q227. Punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q286.1, Q421.2, Q428.3, Q451.3.3, Q451.7.0.2.1, Q457.4, Q494.1, Q551.2.1, Q551.6.2, Q551.7.1, Q551.8.4, Q551.9.1, Q552.1.0.1.1, Q552.1.4, Q552.2.0.1.1, Q552.2.3.1.1, Q552.2.3.1.3, Q552.2.3.2.1, Q552.2.3.2.3, Q552.13.1.1, Q552.13.2.1, Q552.13.2.2, Q552.13.3, Q552.15, Q552.16, Q552.18.1, Q552.18.2, Q552.19.1, Q556.4, Q556.5, Q557.6, Q558.13, Q559.5, Q559.7, Q571.1, Q572.3, Q575, Q576.1, Q582.7, Q591, Q595.1.) *Loomis White Magic 98, 101f.; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 82f., Beal XXI 328; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 59, 1249.

Q227.1. Q227.1. Punishment for slaying king under holy protection. Irish myth: Cross.

Q227.1.1. Q227.1.1. Punishment for imprisoning person under holy protection. Irish myth: Cross.

Q227.2. Q227.2. Punishment for looking at saint’s corpse. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q227.3. Q227.3. Saint (hero) drives chariot over person who displeases him. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q228. Q228. Punishment for trying to harm sacred animal. Glutton tries to kill a pig dedicated to St. Anthony. The pig turns upon him and tramples him severely. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q231. Q231. Brahmin punished for killing animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q232. Q232. Punishment for change of religious faith.

Q232.1. Q232.1. Pagan punished by fellows for conversion to Christianity. Irish myth: Cross.

Q232.2. Q232.2. Punishment of Jew for apostasy. Jewish: Neuman.

Q232.2.1. Q232.2.1. Punishment for leaving Palestine. Jewish: Neuman.

Q233. Q233. Punishment for yielding to temptation by the devil. (Cf. Q582.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q235. Q235. Cursing punished.

Q235.1. Q235.1. Man put in moon for cursing God. He is now the man in the moon. (Cf. A751, Q221.3.) U.S.: Baughman.

Q236. Q236. Punishment for deceiving (divine) emperor. Chinese: Graham:

Q237. Q237. Idolatry punished. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q240. Q240. Sexual sins punished.

Q241. Q241. Adultery punished. (Cf. Q411.0.1, Q413.2, Q414.0.2, Q416.1.1, Q418.1, Q421.0.2, Q421.0.6, Q424.2, Q428.1, Q431.8, Q432.2, Q434.1, Q451.1.5, Q451.2.4, Q451.4.8, Q451.5.1, Q451.6.1, Q451.14, Q455.2, Q456.0.1, Q457.3, Q458.0.1, Q461.3, Q466.1, Q469.1, Q473.0.2, Q473.1.1, Q473.2.1, Q478.1, Q478.2, Q478.3, Q484, Q493.1, Q499.2.1, Q537.1, Q552.3.0.3, Q555.2, Q587.) **Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “adultery”; *Schoepperle 446ff.; *Penzer II 88 n. 1, VI 189 n. 2; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 228; Herbert III 134, 472, 574; Boccaccio Decameron V No. 8 (*Lee 166); *Chauvin VIII 120 No. 104; Alphabet Nos. 35--37; Wesselski Bebel I 175 No. 18; Grimm No. 4; Loomis White Magic 99; Foulchй-Delbosc and Krappe “La lйgende du roi Ramire” Revue Hispanique LXXVIII (1930) 489--543. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Fox 197 (cf. K1563); Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 794, 1369; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 127; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 114; Marquesas: Handy 113, 118; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 170; Tonga: Gifford 76, 119; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 344 n. 240; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 120, 161; Africa (Congo): Grenfell 817.

Q241.1. Q241.1. Desire to commit adultery punished. Irish myth: Cross.

Q241.2. Q241.2. Lover refuses to take back unfaithful paramour. English romance: Malory IX 39.

Q242. Q242. Incest punished. (Cf. Q414.0.3, Q421.0.6, Q431.8.1, Q451.4.3, Q451.7.3, Q520.3, Q541.3, Q552.19.4.) Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q242.1. Q242.1. Cohabitation of godfather and godmother punished. (Cf. P296.) Andrejev FFC LXIX 240.

Q242.2. Q242.2. Father-daughter incest punished. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q242.3. Q242.3. Punishment for man who makes advances to sister-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q242.4. Q242.4. Father of incestuous children punished. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 481, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 209.

Q243. Q243. Incontinence punished--miscellaneous. (Cf. Q414.0.3, Q414.0.3.1, Q431.5.3, Q433.6, Q451.1.4.1, Q458.2.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

Q243.0.1. Q243.0.1. Punishment by extinction of royal line for sexual incontinence. Irish myth: Cross.

Q243.0.2. Q243.0.2. Suspected incontinence unjustly punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q243.1. Q243.1. Prostitution punished.

Q243.1.1. Q243.1.1. Harlot punished by being burned (in hell). Irish myth: *Cross.

Q243.1.2. Q243.1.2. Punishment for forcing a girl to become prostitute. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q243.2. Q243.2. Seduction punished. (Cf. K1360, Q421.0.7, Q431.5, Q458.2.3, Q531.5.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda; S. A. Indian (Tucuna): Nimuendaju BBAE CXLIII (3) 724, (Huamachuco): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151.

Q243.2.1. Q243.2.1. Attempted seduction punished. (Cf. Q424.3, Q431.5.1, Q469.10.1.) Icelandic: Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q243.3. Q243.3. Punishment for taking concubine. (Cf. Q499.2.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q243.4. Q243.4. Punishment for taking heathen wives. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q243.5. Q243.5. Punishment for consorting with one of lower class. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q243.6. Q243.6. Tiger instead of girl in box tears lecherous teacher to pieces. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q244. Q244. Punishment for ravisher. (Cf. Q411.7, Q421.0.3, Q431.6, Q451.6.0.1, Q467.4, Q552.1.2.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q244.0.1. Q244.0.1. Ravisher is forced to marry girl and then is executed. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q244.1. Q244.1. Punishment for attempted rape. (Cf. Q411.2.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q244.2. Q244.2. Knight who ravished nun captured when she miraculously appears before him on his horse and holds reins until he is taken. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q244.3. Q244.3. Prostitute with venereal disease sent to lecherous king. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q245. Q245. Punishment for refusal to marry after girl is pregnant. (Cf. Q263, Q451.2.1.)

Q246. Q246. Mortal‘s attempt to defile goddess punished. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 34 n. 2 (Iasion and Demeter).

Q246.1. Q246.1. Goddess killed for infidelity with mortal. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 37.

Q247. Q247. Punishment for desertion of fairy mistress. (Cf. F302, F361, Q469.11.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q248. Q248. Punishment for banishing wife at wish of paramour. (Cf. Q241, Q556.9.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q251. Q251. Punishment for refusal to have children. (Cf. Q431.4, Q552.9, T572.) *Type 755; Fb “barn” IV 26a; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 114; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 392ff.

Q251.1. Q251.1. Punishment for abortion. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 918.

Q252. Q252. Punishment for breaking betrothal. (Cf. Q416.0.1.) Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas VI 237ff., 316.

Q252.1. Q252.1. Wife stealing punished with death. (Cf. K1371.) Marquesas: Handy 103.

Q253. Q253. Sodomy punished. (Cf. Q414.0.11, T463.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q253.0.1. Q253.0.1. Sodomy punished by death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q253.0.2. Q253.0.2. Sodomist rebuked by youth. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q253.1. Q253.1. Bestiality punished. (Cf. T465.) India: Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 121; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 103.

Q253.2. Q253.2. Homosexuality punished. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q254. Q254. Girl punished for becoming pregnant. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q255. Q255. Punishment of woman who prefers mortal lover to gods. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q256. Q256. Punishment for clandestine lover of princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q257. Q257. Refusal of conjugal relations punished. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q260. Q260. Deceptions punished. (Cf. Q551.2, Q558.10.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q261. Q261. Treachery punished. (Cf. Q413.8, Q414.0.5, Q414.0.6.1, Q417.2, Q423, Q431.2, Q431.10, Q433.7, Q451.1.3, Q451.4.4, Q451.5.4, Q469.7.1, Q552.1.5, Q581.0.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 113, 119, III No. 264, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 75, 80, 106, 110, 126, 138--42; Greek: Grote I 88f., 109, 171, 203; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 87; (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 551f.; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1122, T-G. 3/912); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 87, 331; Tonga: Gifford 101, 142; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 180.

Q261.1. Q261.1. Intended treachery punished. (Cf. Q210.1, Q552.2.3.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q261.2. Q261.2. Treacherous wife punished. (Cf. K2213.)

Q261.2.1. Q261.2.1. Treacherous wife abandoned by lover for fear of treachery. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q262. Q262. Impostor punished. (Cf. K1900, Q413.3, Q414.0.6, Q414.1.1, Q416.0.3, Q431.7, Q433.4, Q458.0.4, Q552.1.3.) English: Wells 42 (Arthour and Merlin); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “usurpateur”, “imposteur”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 106--110, Espinosa II Nos. 133--135; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q263. Q263. Lying (perjury) punished. (Cf. Q431.17, Q451.1.7, Q451.3.2, Q451.5.3, Q451.7.1, Q488.1, Q551.6.1, Q551.8.5, Q551.9.2, Q552.1.7, Q558.2, Q558.15, Q591.) *Fb “svжrge” III 692b, “ed” I 234; Wienert FFC LVI 55 (ET 146), 104 (ST 166, 455); Scala Celi 103b No. 556; Alphabet Nos. 380, 417. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 177; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 115, 188, Espinosa II No. 94; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 113, 150, II 529, 1272; Hawaii: Beckwith 153; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/711); Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 98; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 160; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 89 No. 22, (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 124, (Dahome): Einstein 29.

Q263.1. Q263.1. Death as punishment for perjury. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q265. Q265. False judging punished. (Cf. Q551.8.1, Q558.16, Q559.8.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q265.1. Q265.1. Bribed false judge punished. (Cf. J1192.) Alphabet No. 433; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q265.1.1. Q265.1.1. Unjust judges punished in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q265.2. Q265.2. Punishment for (undeserved) satire. (Cf. Q558.8.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q265.2.1. Q265.2.1. Blotches on face of satirist (judge) as punishment for wrongful satire (judgment). Irish myth: *Cross.

Q265.3. Q265.3. Judge must yield bench to son because he had made a false judgment. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q265.4. Q265.4. Punishment for undeserved curse. Irish myth: Cross.

Q266. Q266. Punishment for breaking promise. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 187.

Q266.1. Q266.1. Man promises more to church than he can possibly provide: punished. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 No. 176.

Q267. Q267. Hypocrisy punished.

Q267.1. Q267.1. Devil comes for hypocrite. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q268. Q268. Flattery punished. Jewish: Neuman; Spanish Exempla: Keller (Q393.1.)

Q270. Q270. Misdeeds concerning property punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q271. Q271. Debtor punished. (Cf. Q421.0.1, Q473.0.1, Q491.2, Q499.5.)

Q271.1. Q271.1. Debtor deprived of burial. (Cf. Q421.0.1, Q491.) See all references to E341 (The grateful dead). **A. Esmein “Dйbiteurs privйs de sepulture” Mйlanges d‘histoire du droit (Paris, 1886) 244ff.; S. Riccobono “Cristianesimo e diritto privato” Revista di diritto civile III (1911) 43ff.; Antonucci Lares I No. 2 (1930) 3--5.

Q271.2. Q271.2. Devil condemns rich man who does not repent until ready to die. Scala Celi 57b No. 322; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q271.3. Q271.3. Woman on visit to world of dead may not return until she pays debt to dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q272. Q272. Avarice punished. (Cf. Q552.3.5, Q589.1.0.1, W151.) *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 188 nn. 154, 166, 167; Crane Liber de Miraculis 86 No. 10; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 774*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 98, 760C*, 836C*, Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 67, 196; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 268, 556, 1264; Tonga: Gifford 207; Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 504; Maori: ibid. 374; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 396; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 63, 106, (Fang): Tessman 117, (Jaunde): Heepe 247ff.; West Indies: Flowers 568.

Q272.1. Q272.1. Devil carries off rich man. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 281; Crane Vitry 204 Nos. 170; Scala Celi 60b, 80a Nos. 322, 456.

Q272.1.1. Q272.1.1. Devil carries off rich man at death. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q272.2. Q272.2. Avaricious man has neck broken when top of his treasure chest falls on him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q272.3. Q272.3. Avaricious miser tries to eat his adored money and chokes to death. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q272.4. Q272.4. Avaricious woman and her gold consumed by hell’s fires which burn in her grave. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q273. Q273. Usury punished. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 198; Alphabet Nos. 231, 278, 287, 794; Scala Celi 154b, 168a Nos. 852, 955--959; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q273.1. Q273.1. Devil comes for usurer. (Cf. R11.2.1.) Scala Celi 168a Nos. 953, 954; Alphabet No. 758; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q273.1.1. Q273.1.1. Dead usurer fed molten silver by devil. Crane Vitry 203 No. 168; Alphabet No. 785; Mensa Philosophica No. 221; Scala Celi 168a No. 953; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q273.2. Q273.2. Usurer refused burial. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q273.3. Q273.3. Usurer punished in hell. *Crane Vitry Nos. 167--170 and passim; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q273.4. Q273.4. Church built by usurer’s money made to collapse by devil. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q274. Q274. Swindler punished. (Cf. Q414.0.6.1, Q456.0.2, Q491.1.1, Q557.3.)

Q274.1. Q274.1. Devils carry away stones of church built with ill-gotten money. Scala Celi 84a No. 481.

Q274.2. Q274.2. Devil suffocates swindling merchant. (Cf. Q425.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q274.3. Q274.3. Use of false weights and measures punished. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q275. Q275. Remover of landmarks punished. Kuhn Sagen aus Westfalen I 40f. No. 34, 118 No. 127, 177 No. 187; Hoffman JAFL II 33; Frahm Am Urquell II 202.

Q276. Q276. Stinginess punished. (Cf. Q551.2.8, Q589.4.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 342.

Q277. Q277. Covetousness punished. Jewish: *Neuman, Moreno Esdras (Q332).

Q280. Q280. Unkindness punished. Irish: Beal XXI 320; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 127; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 67, (Bulu): Krug 109, (Congo): Weeks Congo 216.

Q281. Q281. Ingratitude punished. (Cf. Q551.6.3, Q597.2.) Irish: Beal XXI 331; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa III No. 264, Espinosa Jr. No. 41; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1159; Maori, Samoa, Tonga: *Beckwith Myth 504f.; Africa: Woodson 64, (Wakweli): Bender 50, Sieber 89ff., (Bantu): Einstein 148, (Lokele): Grenfell 820, (Jaunde): Heepe 89, (Fang): Tessman 188; West Indies: Flowers 568; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 267 No. 76.

Q281.1. Q281.1. Ungrateful children punished. (Cf. Q551.1, Q557.1, Q557.2, Q588.) Irish: Cross, O’Suilleabhain 46, Beal XXI 317; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q281.1.1. Q281.1.1. Devils carry off girl who abuses her mother. Scala Celi 99a No. 531; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q281.1.2. Q281.1.2. Girl cruel to her mother is slain by God. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q281.2. Q281.2. Ungrateful ruler is deposed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q281.3. Q281.3. Woman eats flesh and leaves cat only bones of fish cat has caught for them. Cursed by cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q281.4. Q281.4. Ungrateful king raises old woman‘s rent; miraculous punishment. (Cf. W154.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q283. Q283. Irreverent young people punished by outraged old man. Icelandic: Boberg; Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 365f.; Eskimo: *Boas BAM XV 361; N. A. Indian (Tsimshian): Boas BBAE XXVII 95.

Q284. Q284. Reproach concerning physical deformity (blemish) punished. (Cf. Q411.9.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q285. Q285. Cruelty punished. (Cf. E501.3.1, Q415.3.1.) Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 187; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Stanley 61, 103.

Q285.1. Q285.1. Cruelty to animals punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q285.1.1. Q285.1.1. Punishment for cutting off bird’s tongue. (Cf. Q451.4, Q552.5.1.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 182; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q285.1.1.1. Q285.1.1.1. Man slits tongue of magpie so that it can learn to speak. His fingernails grow out like bird‘s claws as punishment. Wales: Baughman.

Q285.1.2. Q285.1.2. Punishment for breaking bird’s nest. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 183.

Q285.1.2.1. Q285.1.2.1. Boy reaches into bird‘s nest for pigeon’s eggs. A stone in the nest holds his hand for three days and nights. He is finally released by prayers. Wales: Baughman.

Q285.2. Q285.2. Cruelty to sick persons punished. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 181.

Q285.3. Q285.3. Cruel mutilation punished. (Cf. Q411.5.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q285.4. Q285.4. Slave-driving punished. (Cf. P270, Q291.2, Q558.7.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 706.

Q286. Q286. Uncharitableness punished. (Cf. Q494.1.1, Q552.3.0.1, Q571.2, Q572.2, Q574.2, Q585.1, Q595.3.) Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 93, 129, 131, Beal XXI 330, 337; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 186, 202--04; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 300 No. 16; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 255; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 415 No. 14.

Q286.1. Q286.1. Uncharitableness to holy person punished. (Cf. Q1.1, Q553.3.5, Q556.11, Q589.1.) Type 766*; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 329; Irish: *Cross; O’Suilleabhain 22, Beal XXI 307; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 183f., 202--04; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 192.

Q286.2. Q286.2. Priest will not bury dead unless paid in advance. Ruler has him buried alive with the corpse. (Cf. Q456.2.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q287. Q287. Refusal to grant request punished. (Cf. Q499.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q288. Q288. Punishment for mockery. (Cf. Q556.8, Q583.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 181.

Q291. Q291. Hard-heartedness punished. (Cf. Q415.2.) Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 61, 130, Beal XXI 324, 337; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q291.1. Q291.1. St. Peter’s mother dropped from heaven because of hardheartedness. She is permitted to go to heaven on a stalk, but is weighted down by people holding to her skirts. She shakes them off. (Cf. Q172.) *Type 804; *BP III 538; Kцhler-Bolte I 60.

Q291.2. Q291.2. Punishment of hard-hearted masters in other world. (Cf. Q285.4.) Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 467--71; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q292. Q292. Inhospitality punished. (Cf. P320, Q45, Q551.6.7, Q556.7, W158.) Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 53; Finnish: Kalevala rune 33; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 94; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 824; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 174; Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 93, (Loango): Pechuлl-Loesche 110.

Q292.1. Q292.1. Inhospitality to saint (god) punished. (Cf. Q1.1.) *Loomis White Magic 101; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 772*; Russian: Andrejev No. 796I*; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 295 No. 13; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 181; Greek: Fox 20, 94; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chincha): Alexander Lat. Am. 231.

Q292.2. Q292.2. Inhospitality to orphans punished. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3728.

Q292.3. Q292.3. Abuse of hospitality punished. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q295. Q295. Monkey destroys nest of bird who has made sport of him. Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 52.

Q296. Q296. Injustice punished. (Cf. Q265, Q552.1.6.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q296.1. Q296.1. Sack of flour pushed down on peasant who accuses his wife of theft from it. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q297. Q297. Slander punished. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q300. Q300. Contentiousness punished. (Cf. W188.)

Q301. Q301. Jealousy punished. (Cf. W181.) Penzer III 177f.; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Konnoh): Willans 139.

Q302. Q302. Envy punished. (Cf. Q551.6.6, W195.) Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q302.1. Q302.1. Envy punished: the found purse. Three men find a purse. They are loath to pick it up, since they will have to divide. The king sees this and assigns them their proper punishments. Chauvin II 120 No. 107.

Q304. Q304. Scolding punished. Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 412 No. 10.

Q305. Q305. War-making punished. (Cf. Q553.3.1.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q306. Q306. Quarrelsomeness punished. (Cf. Q551.7.3.) Irish myth: Cross; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 62.

Q312. Q312. Fault-finding punished. (Cf. Q431.12, Q451.4.6, Q557.8, W128.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q312.1. Q312.1. Punishment for finding fault with God‘s works in heaven. *Type 801; BP III 297ff.

Q312.2. Q312.2. Devil carries off fault-finding people. (Cf. R11.2.1.) Scala Celi 54b No. 306.

Q312.3. Q312.3. Punishment for finding fault with God’s forgiveness of sin. *Type 756B.

Q312.4. Q312.4. Fault-finding with God‘s handling of weather. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q313. Q313. Bad temper punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q314. Q314. Scandal-mongering punished. (Cf. Q451.4.2.) Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q320. Q320. Evil personal habits punished.

Q321. Q321. Laziness punished. (Cf. Q495.1.) Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 188; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 127; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 104f.

Q321.1. Q321.1. Women who will not sew are cast from community. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q322. Q322. Dirtiness punished. (Cf. Q432.1, Q433.3, W115.) Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q323. Q323. Unthriftiness punished. Alphabet No. 218; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q325. Q325. Disobedience punished. (Cf. Q431.3, Q451.7.0.2.3, Q456.0.3, Q458.0.2, Q552.1.0.1.1, Q593.) Alphabet No. 441; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 104, 216; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 428, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 473; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/629); S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 108, (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 84, (Congo): Weeks Congo 214, (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 193; West Indies: Flowers 569.

Q326. Q326. Impudence punished. (Cf. Q411.10, Q413.5.) Irish myth: Cross; Africa (Bushongo): Torday 241.

Q327. Q327. Discourtesy punished. (Cf. Q221.1, Q583.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q330. Q330. Overweening punished. (Cf. Q552.19.1, Q582.5.)

Q331. Q331. Pride punished. (Cf. Q552.19.5.) Penzer IV 142f.; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Bulu): Krug 110.

Q331.1. Q331.1. Devil torments old man who has laid aside his humility. Scala Celi 105a No. 572.

Q331.2. Q331.2. Vanity punished.

Q331.2.1. Q331.2.1. Woman‘s vain display punished. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q331.2.1.1. Q331.2.1.1. Devil impersonates woman’s maid at her toilette. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q331.2.1.2. Q331.2.1.2. Vain woman has her cheeks miraculously burned. (Cf. Q550.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q331.2.1.3. Q331.2.1.3. Husband rubs off paint from wife‘s cheeks. Threatens to scrape them the next time. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q331.2.1.3.1. Q331.2.1.3.1. Husband puts soot on wife’s cheeks to discourage her from using paint. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q331.2.1.4. Q331.2.1.4. Vain woman wears corset so tight that it stifles her to death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q331.2.1.5. Q331.2.1.5. Clothes-proud woman trips over long skirt. Devil laughs. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q331.2.2. Q331.2.2. Jackal demands to be praised as god: runs with pack of hounds. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q333. Q333. Boldness punished.

Q333.1. Q333.1. “God has no use for me, and the devil will not take me.” On the way home the bold woman is strangled by the devil. (Cf. Q582.5.) Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 376f.

Q338. Q338. Immoderate request punished. (Cf. Q501.8, Q559.6, Q572.4, Q582.6, Q585.2.) Type 555; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q338.1. Q338.1. Request for immortality punished by transformation into tree. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 276 n. 18.

Q338.2. Q338.2. The devil‘s likeness. A squire demands somebody to paint a living picture of the devil; when he sees it, he dies. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3355, Legends Nos. 681--84.

Q340. Q340. Meddling punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q341. Q341. Curiosity punished. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 189, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 52.

Q342. Q342. Inquisitiveness punished. (Cf. Q557.5.) Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 89), 95 (ST 84); Jewish: Neuman; Africa: Weeks Congo 207.

Q380. Q380. Deeds punished--miscellaneous.

Q381. Q381. Punishment for gambling. (Cf. N0, Q433.8.) Jewish: Neuman; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 182.

Q385. Q385. Captured animals avenge themselves. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 126a.

Q386. Q386. Dancing punished. Scala Celi 61b No. 336; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 347--352; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q386.1. Q386.1. Devil punishes girl who loves to dance. Scala Celi 62a No. 338; England, U.S.: Baughman; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 24**; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 10 No. 81, 13 No. 112.

Q386.2. Q386.2. Drunken dancers punished. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q387. Q387. Jesting punished.

Q387.1. Q387.1. Devil carries off jester. (Cf. R11.2.1.) Scala Celi 77b No. 441.

Q388. Q388. Freemasonry punished.

Q388.1. Q388.1. Freemasons forced to dance till they sweat blood. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 13 No. 114.

Q391. Q391. Punishment for singing worldly songs. (Cf. Q411.10.1.)

Q391.1. Q391.1. Prince of devils gives up seat to man who goes to hell for singing worldly songs. Scala Celi 25b No. 169.

Q392. Q392. Punishment of evil magician who has caused plague. German: H. Bьschner Heide-Sagen a. d. Mьnsterlande 9, Klose Fьhrer d. dt. Sagen u. Mдrchenwelt d. Grafschaft Glatz 104.

Q393. Q393. Evil speech punished. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 50.

Q393.1. Q393.1. Punishment for talking too much. Monk punished in hell‘s fires for this fault. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q393.2. Q393.2. Gossiping punished. Africa: Casati I 319.

Q394. Q394. Uxoriousness punished. Irish myth: Cross.

Q395. Q395. Disrespect punished. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 411, Tahiti: ibid. 244.

Q400--Q599.

Q400--Q599. Kinds of punishment.

Q400. Q400. Kinds of punishment--general. *Child V 492 s.v. “punishments”; Irish myth: Cross.

Q401. Q401. Chain of punishments. Horse must break leg, since he has broken leg of man who broke leg of dog which bit leg of fox. *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 21.

Q402. Q402. Punishment of children for parents‘ offenses. Jewish: Neuman.

Q403. Q403. Punishment not meted out to persons below twenty years. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q404. Q404. Punishment comes in seventh generation. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q410. Q410. Capital punishment. Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q411. Q411. Death as punishment. (Cf. Q455, Q456, Q458.2, Q558, Q582.) F. Strцm On the Sacral Origin of the Germanic Death Penalties (Stockholm, 1942); *Roberts 211; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 108, 133, 141; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 556; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 120; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 43.

Q411.0.1. Q411.0.1. Husband kills returning adulteress. (Cf. Q241.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; Maori: Dixon 80.

Q411.0.1.1. Q411.0.1.1. Adulterer killed. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.0.1.2. Q411.0.1.2. Man (fairy) kills wife‘s lover. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.0.1.3. Q411.0.1.3. Faithless wife (mistress) seized by husband’s (lover‘s) poet, who leaps to death with her in his arms. Irish myth: Cross.

Q411.0.1.4. Q411.0.1.4. Death for repeated adultery. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1369.

Q411.0.2. Q411.0.2. Husband kills wife and paramour. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q411.1. Q411.1. Punishment: winning as wife and then killing. Type 956B; *BP I 373.

Q411.2. Q411.2. Undesired suitor hiding under girl’s bed is killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q411.2.1. Q411.2.1. Undesired suitor killed asleep in his tent. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Judith and Holofernes.

Q411.3. Q411.3. Death of father (son, etc.) as punishment. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.4. Q411.4. Death as punishment for treachery. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.4.1. Q411.4.1. Man killed at once for treacherously slaying overlord. Irish myth: Cross.

Q411.4.2. Q411.4.2. Woman who disrobes to attract attention of hostile fighter killed. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.5. Q411.5. Hero kills mutilators of girl. Irish myth: Cross.

Q411.6. Q411.6. Death as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q411.7. Q411.7. Death as punishment for ravisher. (Cf. Q244.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q411.8. Q411.8. A man in every house in the land killed as punishment for abduction by their king. Irish myth: Cross.

Q411.9. Q411.9. Death as punishment for reproach concerning physical deformity (blemish). (Cf. Q284.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.10. Q411.10. Death as punishment for impudence. (Cf. Q326.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q411.10.1. Q411.10.1. Man killed because of scornful singing. (Cf. Q391.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q411.11. Q411.11. Death as punishment for desecration of holy places (images, etc.). (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.11.1. Q411.11.1. Desecrating a sanctuary (saint’s house) by murder punished. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.11.2. Q411.11.2. Hanging as punishment for stealing from a church. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.12. Q411.12. Maidens slain in revenge for deaths of young men. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q411.13. Q411.13. Death as punishment for thievery. Irish myth: Cross.

Q411.13.1. Q411.13.1. Charge of theft avenged by assault. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q411.14. Q411.14. Death as punishment for spying on uncanny persons. Irish myth: Cross.

Q411.15. Q411.15. Death as punishment for dropping on emperor’s coat. Icelandic: FSS 125, 168--70, Boberg.

Q412. Q412. Punishment: millstone dropped on guilty person. *Type 720; BP I 412ff., *423; Liebrecht 296; *Fb “mцllesten” II 650; Herrmann Saxo II 568 n. 2, Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer II 277. -- Jewish: Neuman.

Q413. Q413. Punishment: hanging. *DeCock Volkssage 74; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1438ff.; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 107, Beal XXI 334; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 63.

Q413.0.1. Q413.0.1. Threat of hanging. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q413.1. Q413.1. Hanging as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) *Fb “hжnge” I 731b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q413.2. Q413.2. Hanging as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Icelandic: *Boberg; German: Grimm No. 4; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q413.3. Q413.3. Hanging as punishment for imposture. (Cf. Q262.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q413.4. Q413.4. Hanging as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q413.5. Q413.5. Hanging as punishment for impudence. (Cf. Q326.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q413.5.1. Q413.5.1. Impudent suitor or his messenger hanged or threatened with hanging. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q413.6. Q413.6. Hanging as punishment for denying pagan gods. (Cf. Q225.2.) Der Heiligen Leben und Leiden 101 (Santa Barbara).

Q413.7. Q413.7. Hanging as punishment for silence about hidden treasure. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q413.8. Q413.8. Hanging as punishment for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q413.8.1. Q413.8.1. Hanging by one foot as punishment for treachery. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q414. Q414. Punishment: burning alive. **W. Foerster Der Feuertod als Strafe in der altfr. erzдhlenden Dichtung (Halle, 1913); *Fb “brжnde” IV 69ab, “teglovn”; Dickson 74; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 232; Alphabet No. 353; Grimm No. 3 (Type 710).--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 20; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 140, 161; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 2, Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 35 No. 22; S. A. Indian (Huamachuco): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151; Africa (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 222.

Q414.0.1. Q414.0.1. Burning as punishment for uxoricide. (Cf. Q211.3.) Africa (Fjort): Dennett 54 No. 19.

Q414.0.2. Q414.0.2. Burning as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 229; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 425; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q414.0.3. Q414.0.3. Burning as punishment for incest (incontinence). (Cf. Q242, Q243.) Child II 41--48 passim, 113--25 passim, III 508b, V 292b; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q414.0.3.1. Q414.0.3.1. Burning monastery and monks in it as punishment for incontinence. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 32; Heptameron No. 31.

Q414.0.4. Q414.0.4. Burning as punishment for ravisher. (Cf. Q244.) Malone PMLA XLIII 406.

Q414.0.4.1. Q414.0.4.1. Ravisher’s grave and body miraculously burnt. Scala Celi 111a No. 619; Wright Latin Stories 112.

Q414.0.4.2. Q414.0.4.2. Burning as punishment for abductor. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q414.0.5. Q414.0.5. Burning as punishment for traitor. (Cf. Q261.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bыcher”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q414.0.5.1. Q414.0.5.1. Burning for traitor: unwittingly suggested by culprit. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q414.0.6. Q414.0.6. Burning as punishment for impostor. (Cf. Q262.) Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 106; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 130.

Q414.0.6.1. Q414.0.6.1. Burning as punishment for counterfeiting. (Cf. Q261.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q414.0.7. Q414.0.7. Innocent queen burned at stake. *Fb. “brжnde” IV 69b.

Q414.0.8. Q414.0.8. Demons burn heretics at stake. (Cf. Q225.1.) Scala Celi 103b Nos. 555, 556.

Q414.0.9. Q414.0.9. Burning as punishment for betraying the confessional. (Cf. Q224.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q414.0.10. Q414.0.10. Burning for witchcraft. Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q414.0.11. Q414.0.11. Burning for sodomy. (Cf. Q253.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q414.0.12. Q414.0.12. Burning as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Africa (Bankon): Ittman 100.

Q414.0.12.1. Q414.0.12.1. Woman saved from being burned as punishment for killing impudent suitor. Icelandic: FSS 240, Boberg.

Q414.0.13. Q414.0.13. Burning as punishment for fratricide. (Cf. Q211.9.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q414.1. Q414.1. Punishment: boiling in oil (lead, tar). DeCock Volkssage 80; Child II 312 n. 327, IV 480a, V 53, 56, 230; Icelandic: FSS 243; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q414.1.1. Q414.1.1. Boiling in tar as punishment for impostor. (Cf. Q262.) Africa (Angola): Chatelain 49 version B.

Q414.2. Q414.2. Punishment: imprisonment in white-hot iron house. Irish myth: Cross (cf. also S112.6); Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101.

Q414.3. Q414.3. Punishment: burning and scattering ashes. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9.

Q414.3.1. Q414.3.1. Punishment: crushing in rice mill and scattering ashes. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q414.4. Q414.4. Punishment: dancing to death in red-hot shoes. Type 709; *BP I 450ff., *464; *Loomis White Magic 118.

Q414.5. Q414.5. Punishment: king hung between two fires. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q414.6. Q414.6. Woman cast on husband‘s funeral pyre as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q415. Q415. Punishment: being eaten by animals. (Cf. Q453, Q557.) *DeCock Volkssage 88; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 46, Beal XXI 317.

Q415.0.1. Q415.0.1. Punishment: being eaten by demon. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q415.1. Q415.1. Punishment: being eaten by dogs. Eskimo: Thompson Tales 4, 272 n. 2.

Q415.1.1. Q415.1.1. Punishment: transformation to deer which is devoured by dogs. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 323 (Acteon).

Q415.1.2. Q415.1.2. Punishment: tying man to horses and setting vicious hounds after him. (Cf. Q416, S117.) Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 25.

Q415.2. Q415.2. Mice devour hard-hearted man. (Hatto and the Mouse Tower.) (Cf. Q291.) *Fb “rotte” III 83a; Veckenstedt (Veckenstedt‘s) Zs. f. Vksk. I (1888--9) 364ff.; **Beheim-Schwartzbach Die Mдusenturmsage von Popiel und Hatto (Posen, 1888); *Wehrhan Die Sage 51; *Liebrecht 1ff.; Jewish: Neuman.

Q415.3. Q415.3. Punishment: man eaten by worms (snake). Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 180; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q415.3.1. Q415.3.1. Cobras placed in boxes and given to cruel parents, so that they are bitten. (Cf. Q285.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q415.4. Q415.4. Punishment: being fed to lions (wild beasts). Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman.

Q415.5. Q415.5. Punishment: being devoured by tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q415.6. Q415.6. Bears devour the wicked. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q415.7. Q415.7. Wolves kill person for quenching holy fire. (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q415.7.1. Q415.7.1. Wolves and birds eat bodies of slayers of poet. Irish myth: Cross.

Q415.8. Q415.8. Heretic preaching against God’s creation worried to death by fly. (Cf. Q225.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q415.9. Q415.9. Punishment: being eaten by fish. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1301); Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 504.

Q416. Q416. Punishment: drawing asunder by horses. (Cf. Q469.12.) Child V 157; BP I 306; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer II 272; DeCock Volkssage 91. -- Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: FSS 42, Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 126, 143; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 331 n. I (Lycurgus); India: Thompson-Balys.

Q416.0.1. Q416.0.1. Quartering by horses as punishment for breaking betrothal. (Cf. Q252.) Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 136 No. 93.

Q416.0.2. Q416.0.2. Quartering by horses as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.3.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q416.0.2.1. Q416.0.2.1. Quartering by horses as punishment for uxoricide. (Cf. Q211.3.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q416.0.3. Q416.0.3. Quartering by horses as punishment for impostor. (Cf. Q262.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q416.1. Q416.1. Punishment: trampling (kicking) to death by horses. East Gothic: De la Saussaye 135; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer II 273; Liebrecht Orient und Occident II 270; G. Kurth Histoire poetique des Merovingiens 420ff. -- Icelandic: *Boberg; Indonesia: Snouck-Hurgronje De Atjehers II 142.

Q416.1.1. Q416.1.1. Adulteress kicked to death by mule as punishment. (Cf. Q241.) *Fischer-Bolte 217.

Q416.2. Q416.2. Punishment: dragging to death by a horse. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 452*f., 481*; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q416.2.1. Q416.2.1. Punishment: drawing at the tails of horses. (Cf. S117.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q416.2.2. Q416.2.2. Punishment: dragging to death tied to horns of a bull. Greek: Grote I 241.

Q416.3. Q416.3. Punishment: trampling by elephants. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q416.3.1. Q416.3.1. Punishment: being gored to death by elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q417. Q417. Punishment: dropping and dashing to pieces. (Cf. Q551.10.) Von Amira Sitzb. bair. Akad. XXXI (3) 136ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 327F*.

Q417.1. Q417.1. Murderess forced to leap from cliff. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q417.2. Q417.2. Traitor thrown into pit so that he sticks to the waist and is then chased out of the country. (Cf. Q261.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q417.3. Q417.3. Bridge to world of dead cut from under wicked person so that he falls into hell. (Cf. F152.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q418. Q418. Punishment by poisoning. (Cf. S111.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q418.1. Q418.1. Murder of faithless wife with poisoned salad. (Cf. Q241.) Heptameron No. 36.

Q418.2. Q418.2. Venomous snake put into the mouth as punishment for murder of newborn children. (Cf. Q211.4.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q421. Q421. Punishment: beheading. DeCock Volkssage 75; *Roberts 211; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q421.0.1. Q421.0.1. Beheading as punishment for debt. (Cf. Q271.) *Fb “gjжld” I 448.

Q421.0.2. Q421.0.2. Beheading as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 229, 230; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q421.0.3. Q421.0.3. Beheading as punishment for rape. (Cf. Q244.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q421.0.4. Q421.0.4. Beheading as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q421.0.5. Q421.0.5. Beheading as punishment for mutilation. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q421.0.6. Q421.0.6. Beheading as punishment for incest. (Cf. Q242.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q421.0.7. Q421.0.7. Beheading as punishment for seduction. (Cf. Q243.2.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q421.0.8. Q421.0.8. Beheading for persecution of wife. (Cf. S410.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q421.1. Q421.1. Heads on stakes. Punishment by beheading and placing the heads on stakes. *Taylor Romanic Review IX 21ff.; *BP III 368, IV 113; *B. Lewis Classical Mythology and Arthurian Romance 107ff.; Child V 482 s.v. “heads”. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis III 78; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 214 No. 73.

Q421.1.1. Q421.1.1. Head cut off and hung on tree outside village. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q421.2. Q421.2. Man beheaded in place where he turned his back on saint. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q421.3. Q421.3. Punishment: cutting throat. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q422. Q422. Punishment: stoning to death. (Cf. Q220.1.1.) Von Amira Sitzb. bair. Akad. XXXI (3) 155ff.; R. Hirzel Abh. sдchs. Ges. der Wiss. Phil.-Hist. Klasse XXVII No. 7. -- Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 344, *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q422.0.1. Q422.0.1. Punishment: beating to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q423. Q423. Punishment: breaking upon a wheel. Von Amira Sitzb. bair. Akad. XXXI (3) 106ff.; Icelandic: Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q424. Q424. Punishment: strangling. (Cf. Q469.5, S113.) *DeCock Volkssage 77; Marquesas: Handy 113, 129.

Q424.0.1. Q424.0.1. Strangling as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q424.1. Q424.1. King strangles falcon when it kills eagle. (Cf. Q211.6.) Kцhler-Bolte I 583; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q424.2. Q424.2. Strangling as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q424.3. Q424.3. Man strangles friar for attempting to seduce his wife. (Cf. Q243.2.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q425. Q425. Punishment: suffocating. (Cf. Q274.2.)

Q426. Q426. Wolf cut open and filled with stones as punishment. *Type 333; BP I 37, *40; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 212, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 32--34; Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 312 n. 1.

Q426.1. Q426.1. Punishment for murder by fatal enema. (Cf. Q211.4.2.) Africa (Wakweli): Bender 86.

Q427. Q427. Punishment: opening own veins and bleeding to death. (Seneca) Alphabet No. 224.

Q428. Q428. Punishment: drowning. (Cf. Q552.19.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q428.1. Q428.1. Drowning as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q428.2. Q428.2. Magic swine cause robbers to be drowned. (Cf. B183, Q212.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q428.3. Q428.3. Drowning as punishment for disturbing holy person. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q429. Q429. Capital punishment--miscellaneous.

Q429.1. Q429.1. Punishment: culprit eaten by cannibals. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 824.

Q429.2. Q429.2. Death at hands of foreign invaders as punishment. Jewish: Moreno Esdras.

Q429.3. Q429.3. Cutting into pieces as punishment. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q429.4. Q429.4. Punishment: squeezing to death. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q430. Q430. Abridgment of freedom as punishment.

Q430.1. Q430.1. Imposition of tabu as punishment. Irish myth: Cross.

Q431. Q431. Punishment: banishment (exile). *Boje 63; Dickson 78; Gaster Thespis 304; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 88, Beal XXI 328; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 350 n. 1 (Oedipus), Grote I 172; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 38, 143; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 205, 214; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169.

Q431.0.1. Q431.0.1. Saint prefers to die in exile. Irish myth: Cross.

Q431.1. Q431.1. Voluntary exile as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211, Q431.9.) Greek: Fox 93 (Herakles).

Q431.2. Q431.2. Banishment for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q431.2.1. Q431.2.1. Elder brothers banished for treachery. (Cf. K2211, Q261.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 49 No. 328A*.

Q431.2.2. Q431.2.2. Treachery punished by banishment to desert isle. (Cf. S145.) Heptameron No. 67.

Q431.2.3. Q431.2.3. King’s foster brothers banished for lawlessness. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q431.3. Q431.3. Banishment because of disobedience. Maiden wants to become nun and not marry. (Cf. Q325.) Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 260.

Q431.4. Q431.4. Banishment till rose grows from table for preventing childbirth. (Cf. F971.2, Q251, T572).) *Type 755.

Q431.5. Q431.5. Banishment for seduction. (Cf. Q243.2.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q431.5.1. Q431.5.1. Banishment for attempted seduction. (Cf. Q243.2.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q431.5.2. Q431.5.2. Banishment for abduction of bride (girl). Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q431.5.3. Q431.5.3. Princes banished as punishment for lewd conduct with female subjects. (Cf. Q243.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q431.6. Q431.6. Banishment for rape. (Cf. Q244.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q431.7. Q431.7. Banishment for imposture. (Cf. Q262.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q431.8. Q431.8. Banishment as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q431.8.1. Q431.8.1. Banishment as punishment for incest. (Cf. Q242.2.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q431.9. Q431.9. Banishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q431.9.1. Q431.9.1. Banishment for attempted murder. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q431.9.2. Q431.9.2. Exile as punishment for parricide. (Cf. Q211.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q431.10. Q431.10. Banishment for assault on king‘s tax collectors. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q431.11. Q431.11. Banishment as punishment for breach of faith with animals. (Cf. Q263.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q431.12. Q431.12. Banishment as punishment for fault-finding. (Cf. Q312.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q431.13. Q431.13. Banishment for desecration of holy places. (Cf. Q222.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q431.14. Q431.14. Berserks banished because of defeat. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q431.15. Q431.15. Banishment as punishment for robbery. (Cf. Q212.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q431.16. Q431.16. Boy banished for breaking women’s water pots. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q431.17. Q431.17. Banishment for lying. (Cf. Q263.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q431.18. Q431.18. Banishment for association with those of another faith. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q431.19. Q431.19. Banishment for laziness. (Cf. Q321.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q432. Q432. Punishment: ejectment.

Q432.1. Q432.1. Buzzard hatched by hawk ejected for fouling nest. (Cf. Q322.) Herbert III 37ff.; Hervieux IV 276 No. 4; Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 68.

Q432.2. Q432.2. Adulteress ejected into street clad only in her shirt. (Cf. Q241, Q243, Q473.) Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 8; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q433. Q433. Punishment: imprisonment. Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 139, 206f.; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q433.1. Q433.1. Imprisonment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Heptameron No. 61; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q433.1.1. Q433.1.1. Adulteress confined in a cage. (Cf. Q241.) Malone PMLA XLIII 415f.

Q433.2. Q433.2. Defeated giants imprisoned in lower world. Gaster Thespis 160; Greek: Fox 8 (Titans), Grote I 8.

Q433.3. Q433.3. Zeus has embassy of dogs imprisoned for fouling his court. (Cf. Q322.) *BP III 555; Dh IV 137ff.

Q433.4. Q433.4. Imprisonment for imposture. (Cf. Q262.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q433.5. Q433.5. Imprisonment for attempted seduction. (Cf. Q243.2.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q433.6. Q433.6. Priest imprisoned for incontinence. (Cf. Q243.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q433.7. Q433.7. Imprisonment for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q433.8. Q433.8. Imprisonment for gambling. (Cf. Q381.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q433.9. Q433.9. Wicked son confined on island. Irish myth: Cross.

Q433.10. Q433.10. Earl hunting in the king’s forest imprisoned. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q433.11. Q433.11. Undesired suitor‘s messengers imprisoned. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q433.12. Q433.12. Punishment: abridgment of freedom till extravagant boast is confirmed. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q433.13. Q433.13. War prisoners shut up between stones. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q434. Q434. Punishment: fettering.

Q434.1. Q434.1. Adulteress and paramour fettered. (Cf. Q241.) Malone PMLA XLIII 405, 407, 421.

Q434.2. Q434.2. War prisoners fettered. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q434.3. Q434.3. Fettering to oak. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q435. Q435. Magic imprisonment in cleft tree. New Guinea: Dixon 137. Cf. Caliban in Shakespeare’s Tempest and Fradubio in Spenser‘s Faerie Queene Book I.

Q436. Q436. Excommunication from religious association as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q437. Q437. Sale into slavery as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 526.

Q437.1. Q437.1. Criminal’s wife and children sold into slavery. *Chauvin VI 163 No. 327.

Q438. Q438. Punishment: abandonment in forest. (Cf. S143.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q450. Q450. Cruel punishments.

Q450.1. Q450.1. Torture as punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q450.1.1. Q450.1.1. Torture as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q451. Q451. Mutilation as punishment. (Cf. S160.) Missouri French: Carriиre; Marquesas: Handy 78, 121.

Q451.0.1. Q451.0.1. Hands and feet cut off as punishment. Icelandic: Snorra Edda Skaldsk XLI, Herrmann Saxo II 571, *Boberg.

Q451.0.2. Q451.0.2. Threat to cut off hand or foot. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q451.0.3. Q451.0.3. Strong girl breaks impudent suitor‘s right hand and left foot. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q451.0.4. Q451.0.4. Hands and feet cut off as punishment for robbery. (Cf. Q212.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.1. Q451.1. Hands cut off as punishment. (Cf. S161.) *Type 706; *BP I 295; **Dдumling Studie ьber den Typus des Mдdchens ohne Hдnde (Mьnchen, 1912); Krappe Zeitschrift fьr Englische Philologie XLIX 361--69; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Latin American: *Knedler Hispanic Review X 314ff.; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q451.1.1. Q451.1.1. Hand cut off as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) *Penzer V 61 n. 1, 143 n., VI 19; *Chauvin VI 80 No. 249; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q451.1.2. Q451.1.2. Hand cut off for contempt of court. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q451.1.3. Q451.1.3. Hand cut off for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q451.1.4. Q451.1.4. Hand cut off (falls off) as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q451.1.4.1. Q451.1.4.1. Hand cut off as punishment for fornication. (Cf. Q243.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.1.5. Q451.1.5. Arms cut off as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Heptameron No. 48.

Q451.1.6. Q451.1.6. Right hands cut off enemy’s messengers. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q451.1.7. Q451.1.7. Arms cut off as punishment for slandering. (Cf. Q263.) Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 207.

Q451.2. Q451.2. Laming as punishment. (Cf. S162.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q451.2.0.1. Q451.2.0.1. Limbs cut off (drop off) as punishment. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q451.2.0.2. Q451.2.0.2. Boring hole through heel as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

Q451.2.0.3. Q451.2.0.3. Hamstringing as punishment. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 244.

Q451.2.1. Q451.2.1. Youth lamed by man whose daughter he refuses to marry. (Cf. Q245.) Kцhler-Bolte I 120; *Krappe Herrig‘s Archiv CLVIII 9ff.; *P. Maurus Wielandsage in der Literatur (Mьnchner Beitrдge zur rom u. eng. Philologie XXV (1902)).

Q451.2.2. Q451.2.2. Feet cut off as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) Penzer V 143 n.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q451.2.3. Q451.2.3. Foot cut off as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.2.4. Q451.2.4. Legs cut off as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Heptameron No. 48.

Q451.3. Q451.3. Loss of speech as punishment. *Type 710; *BP I 13ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q451.3.1. Q451.3.1. Dumbness as punishment for hiding children. Fb “stum”.

Q451.3.2. Q451.3.2. Dumbness as punishment for lying. (Cf. Q263.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.3.3. Q451.3.3. Dumbness as punishment for opposition to holy person. (*Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.3.3.1. Q451.3.3.1. Son stricken dumb as punishment for father’s opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q411.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.3.4. Q451.3.4. Dumbness as punishment for blasphemy. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q451.4. Q451.4. Tongue cut off as punishment. DeCock Volkssage 93; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 98 No. 836G*, Espinosa II No. 94; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 145 No. 64.

Q451.4.1. Q451.4.1. Tongue cut off as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) *Penzer V 61 n. 1, 143 n.

Q451.4.2. Q451.4.2. Tongue cut out as punishment for gossip. (Cf. Q314.) Wienert FFC LVI 39; Halm Aesop No. 416.

Q451.4.3. Q451.4.3. Tongue cut off as punishment for incest. (Cf. Q242.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q451.4.4. Q451.4.4. Tongue cut off as punishment for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q451.4.5. Q451.4.5. Tongue cut out as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.4.6. Q451.4.6. Tongue cut out as punishment for fault-finding (satire). (Cf. Q312.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q451.4.7. Q451.4.7. Man pulls out his own tongue in remorse. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q451.4.8. Q451.4.8. Tongue cut off as punishment for alleged adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q451.4.8.1. Q451.4.8.1. Tongue cut (bitten) off as punishment for unfaithfulness to wife. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q451.4.9. Q451.4.9. Hanging by tongue as punishment. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Q451.4.10. Q451.4.10. Punishment: stretching tongue to enormous length. Korean: Zong in-Sob 145 No. 64.

Q451.5. Q451.5. Nose cut off as punishment. Bшdker Exempler 280 No. 24; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 196.

Q451.5.1. Q451.5.1. Nose cut off as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) *Penzer II 88 n. 1, V 82 n. 1, 123, 156, VI 188 n. 1, IX 76; Saxo Grammaticus (ed. Elton) 71; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q451.5.1.1. Q451.5.1.1. Mistress‘s nose cut off as punishment for faithlessness. Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q451.5.2. Q451.5.2. Nose cut off as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) Penzer II 60ff.

Q451.5.3. Q451.5.3. Nose of falsely accusing bishop bitten off. (Cf. Q263.) Dickson 46.

Q451.5.4. Q451.5.4. Nose cut off as punishment for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q451.6. Q451.6. Ears cut off as punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 196.

Q451.6.0.1. Q451.6.0.1. Girl (fairy) bites off ear of ravisher. (Cf. F304.4.1, Q244.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q451.6.1. Q451.6.1. Ears cut off as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) *Penzer V 82 n. 1, 156; Africa (Fang): Einstein 53, Trilles 168.

Q451.6.2. Q451.6.2. Ear cut off as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 56.

Q451.7. Q451.7. Blinding as punishment. *Fb “blind” IV 45b, “шje” III 1165a; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 322; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 137; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 367 n. 1; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q451.7.0.1. Q451.7.0.1. Loss of one eye as punishment. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 477a n. 5; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q451.7.0.2. Q451.7.0.2. Miraculous blindness as punishment. (Cf. Q559.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.7.0.2.1. Q451.7.0.2.1. Miraculous blindness as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227, Q571.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q451.7.0.2.2. Q451.7.0.2.2. Miraculous blindness as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) *Loomis White Magic 98; Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.7.0.2.3. Q451.7.0.2.3. Miraculous blindness as punishment for disobedience. (Cf. Q325.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.7.0.2.4. Q451.7.0.2.4. Miraculous blindness as punishment for criminal intent. (Cf. Q210.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q451.7.0.2.5. Q451.7.0.2.5. Miraculous blindness as punishment for spying (on druids, fairies, witches, etc.). Irish myth: *Cross.

Q451.7.1. Q451.7.1. Blinding as punishment for perjury. (Cf. Q263.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 493; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q451.7.2. Q451.7.2. Blinding as punishment for ravisher. (Cf. Q244.) Herbert III 206; Oesterley No. 50.

Q451.7.2.1. Q451.7.2.1. Blinding (of father) as punishment for ravisher. (Cf. Q411.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q451.7.2.2. Q451.7.2.2. Blinding as punishment for attempt to violate girl (queen). Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q451.7.3. Q451.7.3. Blinding as punishment for incest. (Cf. Q242.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q451.7.4. Q451.7.4. Blinding as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q451.7.5. Q451.7.5. Wicked son blinded. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q451.8. Q451.8. Punishment: thong of leather cut from back. DeCock Studien 9f.; Cosquin Contes indiens 179; Fb “rem” III 39a; Norwegian: R. Berge Eventyr II 49, 66, 71; Russian: Ralston Russian Folk Tales 146.

Q451.9. Q451.9. Punishment: woman‘s breasts cut off. Zupitza Zs. f. Vksk. XI 91; Child Nos. 5, 80, 81; Scotch: Campbell Tales I lxxxix--xc. See also Peele’s “King Edward the First”.

Q451.9.1. Q451.9.1. Punishment: woman suspended by her breasts. Jewish: Neuman.

Q451.10. Q451.10. Punishment: genitalia cut off. Liebrecht 94ff.; DeCock Volkssage 86; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q451.10.1. Q451.10.1. Punishment: castration. (Cf. K2111.3.) Herrmann Saxo II 354.

Q451.11. Q451.11. Piecemeal mutilation as punishment. Marquesas: Handy 78; Tonga: Gifford 67.

Q451.11.1. Q451.11.1. Deception punished by piecemeal mutilation. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q451.12. Q451.12. Lips sewed together as punishment for slander. (Cf. Q263.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q451.13. Q451.13. Punishment: head split into many pieces. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q451.14. Q451.14. Adulteress‘s pregnant belly pierced with pounder. (Cf. Q241.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q452. Q452. Punishment: snake sucks woman’s breasts. Herbert III 9; *Klapper Erzдhlungen des Mittelalters 175ff., 372f.; Oesterley 683f.; Herrtage EETS (ES) XXXIII 275ff.

Q453. Q453. Punishment: being bitten by animal. (Cf. Q415.)

Q453.1. Q453.1. Punishment: being bitten by ants. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q453.2. Q453.2. Punishment: being bitten by scorpion. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q455. Q455. Walling up as a punishment. (Cf. S125.) *Type 652; BP II 121ff., *124; Fb “indmure” II 24; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 110, 140f.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q455.1. Q455.1. Walling up as punishment for murder of children. (Cf. Q211.4.) *Type 652; BP II 121ff.; Fb “indmure”.

Q455.2. Q455.2. Walling up as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.)

Q455.2.1. Q455.2.1. Adulteress walled up with corpse of paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q455.2.1.1. Q455.2.1.1. Adulteress confined in room containing the corpse of her paramour. She becomes ill and dies. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q456. Q456. Burial alive as punishment. (Cf. S123.) *Mьllenhoff Deutsche Alterthumskunde (ed. Roediger, Berlin, 1920) IV 244ff.; **Feilberg “Levende Begravet” (Еrbog for dansk Kulturhistorie [1892] pp. 1--60); DeCock Volkssage 83.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 366, 1016; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q456.0.1. Q456.0.1. Burial alive as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) *Schoepperle II 420 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q456.0.2. Q456.0.2. Burial alive as punishment for swindling. (Cf. Q274.) Alphabet No. 755.

Q456.0.3. Q456.0.3. Burial alive as punishment for disobedience to king. (Cf. Q325.) Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 373 n. 2 (Antigone).

Q456.1. Q456.1. Punishment: burial alive up to the breast (neck). BP I 432; Kцhler-Bolte I 571; Cowell Jataka I 130; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 597.

Q456.1.1. Q456.1.1. Cast-forth wife buried up to the waist for seven years and despitefully used. Wesselski Mдrchen 174 No. 64.

Q456.2. Q456.2. Burial alive for uncharitableness. (Cf. Q286.2.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q457. Q457. Flaying alive as punishment. Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer II 291; DeCock Volkssage 85f.; Fb “menneskehud” II 579; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 43, Beal XXI 316; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 18.

Q457.1. Q457.1. Flaying alive as punishment for contesting with a god. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 30 n. 1 (Apollo and Marsyas).

Q457.2. Q457.2. Devil flays impious person. (Cf. G303, Q220.) Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 42 No. 50**; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 12 No. 108.

Q457.3. Q457.3. Flaying alive as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q457.4. Q457.4. Flaying alive as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q458. Q458. Flogging as punishment. *Roberts 212; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 109, 164f.; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q458.0.1. Q458.0.1. Flogging as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Malone PMLA XLIII 410.

Q458.0.2. Q458.0.2. Flogging as punishment for disobedience to rulers. (Cf. Q325.) Alphabet No. 441; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 142.

Q458.0.3. Q458.0.3. Flogging as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q458.0.4. Q458.0.4. Flogging as punishment for imposture. (Cf. Q262.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q458.0.5. Q458.0.5. Flogging as punishment for reviling church. (Cf. Q225.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q458.0.6. Q458.0.6. Flogging as punishment for desire to commit adultery. (Cf. Q241.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q458.1. Q458.1. Daily beatings as punishment. Chauvin V 266 No. 154 and frequently elsewhere in Chauvin.

Q458.2. Q458.2. Flogging to death as punishment. (Cf. Q410, S122.) Africa (Fang): Trilles 270.

Q458.2.1. Q458.2.1. Brother flogs unchaste sister to death. (Cf. Q243.) Child II 102.

Q458.2.2. Q458.2.2. Flogging to death as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) Fb “piske” II 834.

Q458.2.3. Q458.2.3. Flogging to death as punishment for seduction. (Cf. Q243.2.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q461. Q461. Impalement as punishment. Chauvin V 3 No. 2; Taylor Romanic Review IX 21ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer I 111, Meyer Hindu Tales 226.

Q461.1. Q461.1. Impalement as punishment for faithlessness. Enemy chief has the faithless widow of his victim impaled. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q461.2. Q461.2. Bodies from which limbs have been cut hung on stakes as punishment. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q461.3. Q461.3. Impaling as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q462. Q462. Crucifixion as punishment. (Cf. Q522.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Tawney I 147, 396.

Q462.1. Q462.1. Punishment: nailing to pillar. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q462.2. Q462.2. Punishment by hanging up by the feet. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 179.

Q463. Q463. Spiked-cask punishment. Rolling down hill in a cask with spikes on inside. DeCock Volkssage 87; BP I 108; Sйbillot France I 302, II 90, 271, IV 293ff.; Fb “spigertшnde”; Child II 343, IV 30 n. 32, V 48; *Page JAFL LIX 20ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 8; Icelandic: Boberg.

Q464. Q464. Covering with honey and exposing to flies. DeCock Studien 11ff.; Boccaccio Decameron II No. 9; *Gaster Beitrдge zur vgl. Sagen- und Mдrchenkunde 21; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer (1828) 701; Icelandic: Heinzel Beschreibung der islдndischen Saga 162, Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “supplice”; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q465. Q465. Throwing into a pit as punishment. Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q465.1. Q465.1. Throwing into pit of snakes as punishment. *Type 403; BP I 99ff.; Krappe “The Snake Tower” Scandinavian Studies XVI (1940) 22--33.-- Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q465.2. Q465.2. Prisoners put into pit filled with corpses in order to starve. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q465.3. Q465.3. Punishment: pushing into well. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q465.4. Q465.4. Punishment: throwing into water-filled lime pit. Jewish: Neuman.

Q466. Q466. Embarkation in leaky vessel as punishment. *Type 612; BP I 126, *127.

Q466.0.1. Q466.0.1. Embarkation in rudderless boat as punishment. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 650.

Q466.0.2. Q466.0.2. Punishment: setting adrift in boat. Irish myth: Cross.

Q466.1. Q466.1. Husband substitutes leaky vessel so that his wife and paramour are drowned. (Cf. Q241.) *Fischer-Bolte 131.

Q466.2. Q466.2. Punishment: abandonment on cliff that is submerged at high tide. Icelandic: Boberg; Maurer Bekehrung des norwegischen Stammes I 301 and n. 8.

Q467. Q467. Punishment by drowning. (Cf. Q552.19.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

Q467.1. Q467.1. Casting into water in sack (barrel) as punishment. (Cf. Q474, S142.) H. Goldsmith Zs. f. vgl. Rechtswissenschaft LXI--LXII; Fb “sжk” III 720b, “tшnde” III 934b; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 6.

Q467.2. Q467.2. Thief cast into water in a sack containing a cock, a snake, and a monkey. He had stolen a sacred statue of gold. (Cf. Q212, Q220.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q467.3. Q467.3. Punishment: drowning in swamp. (Cf. Q474.) Grimm Rechtsalterthьmer II 276ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Q467.3.1. Q467.3.1. Punishment: sea-spell chanted by druidess causes rival to drown. Irish myth: Cross.

Q467.4. Q467.4. Man thrown into waterfall as punishment for alleged violating of princess. (Cf. Q244.) Icelandic: FSS 110, Boberg.

Q467.5. Q467.5. Marooning as punishment. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 499f.; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/346).

Q469. Q469. Other cruel punishments.

Q469.1. Q469.1. Adulteress caused to fall down stairs from which steps have been removed. (Cf. Q241.) *Fischer-Bolte 217.

Q469.2. Q469.2. Punishment: climbing red-hot rod. (Cf. S112.2.) Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 75 No. 68.

Q469.3. Q469.3. Punishment: grinding up in a mill. Liebrecht 258f.; Fb “male” II 535a; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q469.4. Q469.4. Punishment: millstone hung around neck. Woman has had desire to kill frog. (Cf. Q211.8.) Tobler 28.

Q469.5. Q469.5. Punishment: choking with smoke. This given a lawyer who has “sold smoke”, i.e., idle words. BP III 495 n.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 786; Scala Celi 7b No. 48.

Q469.6. Q469.6. Heart and liver of murderer torn out. (Cf. Q211.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Chinese: Werner 339.

Q469.6.0.1. Q469.6.0.1. Heart of murderer cut out. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q469.6.1. Q469.6.1. Heart and liver of son to be torn out. (Cf. S194.) French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

Q469.7. Q469.7. Punishment: twisting entrails from body. Fb III 776a; Mannhardt Wald- und Feldkulte I 28; Heinzel Beschreibung der islдndischen Saga 162.

Q469.7.1. Q469.7.1. Man fettered with the entrails of his own sons as punishment for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 146 (Loki).

Q469.8. Q469.8. Punishment: sawing in twain. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q469.9. Q469.9. Punishment: boring hot irons through ears. (Cf. S112.2.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q469.9.1. Q469.9.1. Punishment: tearing off flesh with hot pincers. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q469.9.2. Q469.9.2. Punishment: piercing with needles. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q469.10. Q469.10. Scalding as punishment.

Q469.10.1. Q469.10.1. Scalding as punishment for attempted seduction. (Cf. Q243.2.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q469.10.2. Q469.10.2. Scalding as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q469.10.3. Q469.10.3. Scalding as punishment for insult. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q469.11. Q469.11. Baby son hurled into battle as punishment for desertion of fairy mistress. (Cf. Q247, Q411.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q469.12. Q469.12. Murderer torn limb from limb. (Cf. Q211, Q416.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

Q469.13. Q469.13. Hands in cleft log as punishment. (Cf. K1111, Q435.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q470. Q470. Humiliating punishments. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q471. Q471. Spitting in face as punishment. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 138; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q471.1. Q471.1. Persecuted queen meanly clothed and set where all are commanded to spit on her. Kцhler-Bolte I 571.

Q471.2. Q471.2. Beggar avenges self on queen who spits at him by disguising as prince and spitting in her face. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q472. Q472. Branding as punishment. (Cf. H55.) BP III 114 n. 1; Cosquin Йtudes 428ff.; *Fischer-Bolte 215; Child II 240ff., 513a, III 514, IV 476, V225b; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 192; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Meyer Hindu Tales 110.

Q473. Q473. Punishment: disgraceful journey through streets. (Cf. Q432.2.)

Q473.0.1. Q473.0.1. Insolvent debtor drawn through streets. (Cf. Q271.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “dйbiteur”.

Q473.0.2. Q473.0.2. Corpse of adulteress drawn through streets. (Cf. Q241.) Icelandic: Boberg.

Q473.1. Q473.1. Punishment: riding through street on bull.

Q473.1.1. Q473.1.1. Adulteress ridden through street on bull. (Cf. Q241.) *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 185 No. 349.

Q473.2. Q473.2. Punishment: tying to horse‘s tail. Fb “hest” IV 212a; Icelandic: Boberg.

Q473.2.1. Q473.2.1. Wife’s paramour tied to horse‘s tail and conducted through streets. (Cf. Q241.) Malone PMLA XLIII 413.

Q473.3. Q473.3. Seducer, who had disguised as woman, is led naked through streets. (Cf. Q243.2.) Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 45; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q473.4. Q473.4. Importunate lover put asleep in street. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q473.5. Q473.5. Punishment: sending out of town on donkeys. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q473.5.1. Q473.5.1. Punishment: shaving head and covering with tar and driving forth on back of donkey to sound of drum. Stranger thinks he is being honored. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q473.5.2. Q473.5.2. Riding backwards on donkey as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q473.6. Q473.6. Punishment: princess to display self on roof. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q474. Q474. “Cucking-stool” as punishment. (Cf. Q467.3, Q467.1.) Victim is suspended in a basket over filth and thrown in. *Spargo Virgil the Necromancer (Cambridge, Mass., 1934) 147ff.; *J. Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer (ed. Hensler u. Hьbner, Leipzig, 1899) II 162, 363ff.

Q475. Q475. Tar and feathers as punishment. (Cf. K31.1, K216.2.) *Fb “tjжre” III 811a, “fjer” I 301; Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q475.1. Q475.1. Tar and feathers as punishment for vanity. Type 833*.

Q475.2. Q475.2. Shower of pitch as punishment. Roberts 208.

Q476. Q476. Exposing mistress‘s person (excepting face) to her husband (paramour’s friends). Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q478. Q478. Frightful meal as punishment. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 597.

Q478.1. Q478.1. The Eaten Heart. Adulteress is caused unwittingly to eat her lover‘s heart. (Sometimes other parts of his body.) (Cf. Q241.) **Matzke MLN XXVI 1; **K. Nyrop Sangerens Hjжrte (Kшbenhavn, 1908); *Child V 482 s.v. “heart”; Clouston Tales II 187ff.; *v. d. Hagen I cxvi; DeCock Volkssage 94ff.; *Hibbard 253ff.; Boccaccio Decameron IV Nos. 1, 9 (Lee 116, 143); Schofield PMLA XV 123; Malone PMLA XLIII 413, 430; Numes “A lenda de coraзao comido” Revista Lusitana XXVIII 5--15.--Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 104; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 136; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 223, (Greenland): Rasmussen III 241; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 344 n. 241; Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 140 n. 1.

Q478.1.1. Q478.1.1. Man sends his daughter the heart of her lover. She pours poison over it and drinks the potion. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q478.1.2. Q478.1.2. Adulteress made to drink from paramour’s skull. (Cf. Q241, Q491.5.) Heptameron No. 32.

Q478.1.2.1. Q478.1.2.1. Adulteress forced to eat out of lover‘s skull. Irish myth: Cross.

Q478.1.3. Q478.1.3. Adulteress punished by having skeleton of her former paramour hang in her room. Heptameron No. 32.

Q478.1.4. Q478.1.4. Adulteress forced to have lover’s head before her at meals. Irish myth: Cross.

Q478.2. Q478.2. Adulteress compelled to eat with dog. (Cf. Q241, Q478.) *Chauvin VIII 162 No. 170; Malone PMLA XLIII 430; Gibb History of the Forty Vezirs 331ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

Q478.3. Q478.3. Adulteress compelled to eat a dog‘s leavings. (Cf. Q241, Q523.3.) Malone PMLA XLIII 405--430 passim.

Q478.4. Q478.4. Punishment: using fat rendered from daughter’s mutilated corpse to cook with and to light candles. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q478.5. Q478.5. Punishment: eating ashes instead of food. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q478.5.1. Q478.5.1. Punishment: eating ashes (coal) mixed with food. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q481. Q481. Princess (queen) compelled to keep an inn. (Cf. Q523.5.) *Type 304; BP II 503; Fb “kro” II 303.

Q482. Q482. Punishment: noble person must do menial service. (Cf. A181, H465.) Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 319f., O‘Suilleabhain 53; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Grote I 54; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/48, z-G. 3/1386).

Q482.1. Q482.1. Princess serves as menial. *Type 425; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q482.1.1. Q482.1.1. Second wife (slave) must serve as menial. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q482.2. Q482.2. Queen placed in kitchen and abused by butcher. Irish myth: Cross. Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101.

Q482.2.1. Q482.2.1. Queen forced to do menial service rescued by son. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q482.2.2. Q482.2.2. Queen ordered to go and live in woodcutter’s house as servant. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q482.3. Q482.3. Nobleman after death must serve as menial. *Herbert III 283ff.

Q482.4. Q482.4. Cast-forth wife must sit at horse-block of palace and tell story to each newcomer and offer to carry him inside. Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 94.

Q482.5. Q482.5. Queen made to scare crows away in fields. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q482.6. Q482.6. Punishment: man must do women‘s work. Jewish: Neuman.

Q483. Q483. Princess must sell goods on market as punishment. *Type 304, 900; BP I 443ff., II 505; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q483.1. Q483.1. Condemned queen exposed in leather on market place. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q484. Q484. Husband fondles second wife in presence of first as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Malone PMLA XLIII 423.

Q485. Q485. Noble person must live in hovel.

Q485.1. Q485.1. Princess married to lowly hero must live in slave quarters. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 216ff. No. 19.

Q486. Q486. Criminal’s property destroyed as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

Q486.1. Q486.1. Criminal‘s house burned down. *Chauvin VI 163 No. 327; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q486.1.1. Q486.1.1. Sinful city burnt as punishment. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q488), Neuman.

Q487. Q487. Adulteress forced to wear symbolic dress. Husband makes her dress in coarse cloth except for her undefiled parts which are covered with gold brocade. (Cf. Q241.) Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 49; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q488. Q488. Cutting hair as punishment.

Q488.1. Q488.1. Lying goat punished by being half-shorn. (Cf. Q263, K1151.) *Type 212; *BP I 346ff.

Q488.2. Q488.2. Head shaved as punishment. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q491. Q491. Indignity to corpse as punishment. (Cf. Q271.1.) Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q491.1. Q491.1. Disgraceful burial as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

Q491.1.1. Q491.1.1. Swindler buried on dungheap. (Cf. Q274.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 143 No. 1720.

Q491.1.2. Q491.1.2. Burial in deserted barn as punishment for desecration of holy places. (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q491.2. Q491.2. Debtor’s corpse flogged. (Cf. Q271.) *Fb “gjжld” I 448.

Q491.3. Q491.3. Devil beats wicked man‘s corpse. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 124 No. 50.

Q491.4. Q491.4. Toads and snakes devour corpse of rich man in his grave. Scala Celi 74b No. 426; Herbert III 99 No. 65, 666 No. 261; Irish: Beal XXI 327, O’Suilleabhain 74.

Q491.5. Q491.5. Skull used as drinking cup. (Cf. Q478.1.2.) DeCock Volkssage 96ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q491.6. Q491.6. Corpse of murderer mutilated. (Cf. Q211.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Grote I 275, 278.

Q491.6.1. Q491.6.1. Murderer’s corpse cut into pieces. Irish myth: Cross.

Q491.7. Q491.7. Punishment: throwing dead body into river. Africa (Fang): Trilles 270.

Q492. Q492. Woman must relight magic fires as punishment. Magician in revenge for ill-treatment causes the lights of the city to go out. They can be relighted only from the naked body of the woman in the public square. None can be relighted until all have applied their torches. Spargo Virgil the Necromancer (Cambridge, Mass., 1934) 199ff.; *Oertel Studien zur vgl. Literaturgeschichte VIII 113; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q493. Q493. Punishment: being saddled and ridden as horse. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q493.1. Q493.1. Adulteress transformed to mare and stirruped. (Cf. Q241.) *Penzer VI 8.

Q494. Q494. Loss of social position as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

Q494.1. Q494.1. Line of kingship taken from king who defies saint. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Q494.1.1. Q494.1.1. Uncharitable king loses power. (Cf. Q286.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q494.2. Q494.2. Removal from priesthood as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q495. Q495. Punishment: unseemly exposure of body. Jewish: Neuman.

Q495.1. Q495.1. Lazy wife taken naked in bundle of straw to a wedding. (Cf. Q321.) Type 902*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 902*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 902*; Russian: Andrejev No. 902*; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q497. Q497. Beard shaved as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211, P672.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q497.1. Q497.1. Moustache pulled out as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q499. Q499. Other humiliating punishments. Irish myth: Cross.

Q499.1. Q499.1. Humiliating kiss as punishment.

Q499.1.1. Q499.1.1. Humiliation through kissing a leper as punishment. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q499.2. Q499.2. Humiliating death as punishment. (Cf. Q411.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q499.2.1. Q499.2.1. Humiliating death as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q499.2.2. Q499.2.2. Humiliating death as punishment for taking concubine. (Cf. Q243.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q499.3. Q499.3. Sacrament refused as punishment for desecration of holy place. (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q499.4. Q499.4. Satirizing as punishment for refusal to grant request. (Cf. Q287.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q499.4.1. Q499.4.1. Satirizing as punishment for breaking treaty. Irish myth: Cross.

Q499.5. Q499.5. Debtor clerics forbidden churchly offices. (Cf. Q271.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q499.6. Q499.6. Penance for three years and a half for eating horseflesh. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q499.7. Q499.7. Humiliating marriage as punishment. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q499.8. Q499.8. Humiliating penance: king to rub nose five times on red hot griddle. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q500. Q500. Tedious punishments.

Q501. Q501. Unremitting torture as punishment.

Q501.1. Q501.1. Punishment of Sisyphus. Must keep rolling a great stone up hill. It continually falls down. Reinach Revue Archйologique 1903 (4) Series I 154ff.; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 78 n. 3.

Q501.2. Q501.2. Punishment of Tantalus. Stands in a pool that ever recedes from his thirsty lips; branches of fruit spring away from him; stone over his head continually threatens to fall. Reinach Revue Archйologique 1903 (4) series I 154ff.; *Frazer Pausanias V 392; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 154 n. 2; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q501.2.1. Q501.2.1. When hungry man tries to gather fruit it flies out of his reach. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q501.2.2. Q501.2.2. Punishment: delicious food always fills with maggots just as man is about to eat it. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q501.3. Q501.3. Punishment of Loki. A serpent above him continually drops venom in his face. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q501.4. Q501.4. Punishment of Prometheus. Chained to a mountain with eagle preying on his vitals, which are restored nightly. (Punishment for theft of fire.) Greek: *W. Schmid Untersuchungen zum gefesselten Prometheus (Stuttgart, 1929), Fox 13, *Frazer Apollodorus I 228 n. 2; Jewish: Neuman.

Q501.5. Q501.5. Punishment of Ixion. Lashed to a wheel which revolves continually. Greek: Fox 144, *Frazer Apollodorus II 148 n. 1.

Q501.6. Q501.6. Punishment of Io. Transformed to cow with gadfly ceaselessly pursuing. Greek: Fox 29.

Q501.7. Q501.7. Unremittent thirst as punishment. Irish myth: Cross.

Q501.7.1. Q501.7.1. Salt food without drink as punishment for man who accepts Christianity. (Cf. Q232.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q501.8. Q501.8. Ceaseless humming (singing) as punishment for immoderate request. (Cf. Q338.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q501.9. Q501.9. Spirit in hell must bathe people endlessly. (Cf. Q578.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q502. Q502. Wandering as a punishment.

Q502.1. Q502.1. The Wandering Jew. Ceaseless wandering with inability to die as punishment for blasphemy. (Cf. Q221.3.) Type 754**; **L. Neubaur Die Sage vom Ewigen Jude@2 (Leipzig, 1893); **Zirus Ahasverus, der Ewige Jude (Stoff- und Motivgeschichte der deutschen Literatur No. 6 [Berlin, 1930]); Gielen de Wandelende Jood (Amsterdam, 1931); *K. Nyrop Den evige Jшde (Kшbenhavn, 1907); **Neubaur Zs. f. Vksk. XXII 33, Zentralblatt fьr Bibliothekswesen XXVIII 495ff.; *Dьbe Zs. F. Vksk. XVII 143; *Bolte ibid. XIX 308; G. Paris. Lйgendes du moyen вge@2 (1904) 149ff.; *Fb “Jerusalems skomager” II 40, IV 246a; *Wehrhan 50; Taylor MLN XXXIII 394ff.; Anderson Journal of English and Germanic Philology XLVI 367--82; Braddy California Folklore Quarterly IV 82f.; Bagatti Franciscan Studies IX 1--9.--Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 105 No. 933; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 778*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 754*.

Q502.2. Q502.2. Punishment: wandering till iron shoes are worn out. *Types 400, 425; *BP II 272; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 4.

Q502.3. Q502.3. Tribe’s long wandering in wilderness as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

Q503. Q503. Wandering after death as punishment.

Q503.1. Q503.1. Skull of suicide must roll in dust until it has saved a life. Man uses the skull to kill an owl that was about to kill a rabbit; thus after 777 years of rolling it has saved a life and is freed. (Cf. Q211.5.) Kцhler-Bolte I 406.

Q511. Q511. Punishment: carrying corpse of murdered man. (Cf. Q211.) RTP II 267, VIII 586; FL IX 375ff. No. 3; Zs. f. цsterreichische Volkskunde VII 197; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q511.1. Q511.1. Punishment: carrying corpse of murdered man until stone as long as murdered man is found. This is to be put on the grave. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 72, Cross.

Q511.2. Q511.2. Punishment: carrying corpse of murdered man until another can be induced to take it. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 66 No. 9.

Q512. Q512. Punishment: performing impossible task. (Cf. H1010.)

Q512.0.1. Q512.0.1. Performing impossible task as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q512.1. Q512.1. Punishment: filling leaky vessels with water from a bottomless jar. (Cf. H1023.2.) Greek: Fox 31.

Q512.2. Q512.2. Punishment: binding together sand and string. (Cf. H1021.1.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 24.

Q512.3. Q512.3. Punishment: ridding country of pests. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q520. Q520. Penances. *Types 756ABC; *BP III 463; **Andrejev FFC LIV, LXIX 126ff., 234ff.; *Toldo II 87; Irish: Beal XXI 316, *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q520.0.1. Q520.0.1. Substitutions for penances. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q520.1. Q520.1. Murderer does penance. (Cf. Q171.1.1, Q211.) *Types 756BC; **Andrejev FFC LIV, LXIX 85, 118ff., 238ff.; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q520.2. Q520.2. Robber does penance. (Cf. Q212.) *Types 756B; **Andrejev FFC LXIX 81, 118ff., 236ff; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q520.3. Q520.3. Life-long penance for brother-sister marriage. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 75.

Q520.4. Q520.4. King who loved to give death sentence accepts penance of always postponing sentence until thirty days period of examination has passed. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q520.5. Q520.5. Penance in wilderness as punishment for men who left holy orders to marry. (Cf. Q226.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q520.6. Q520.6. Warrior retires to a cloister which he later defends against robbers. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q521. Q521. Tedious penances. (Cf. H1110, Q500.)

Q521.1. Q521.1. Doing penance till green leaves grow on a dry branch. *Types 756ABC; *BP III 463; **Andrejev FFC LIV 34, LXIX 126, 129ff., 241ff.; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 49; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 79f., Espinosa Jr. No. 186; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 143.

Q521.1.1. Q521.1.1. Penance: crawling on knees and watering a dry staff until it blooms. Types 756BC; **Andrejev FFC LIV 34, LXIX 132; *BP III 471 n. 1; Scala Celi 136a No. 755; Alphabet No. 568.

Q521.1.2. Q521.1.2. Penance: carrying water in mouth from a distance and watering dry staff until it blooms. *Types 756BC; **Andrejev FFC LIV 34, LXIX 133; *BP III 471 n. 1.

Q521.2. Q521.2. Penance: carrying bag of stones (one for each murder) on the back until it falls off. (Cf. Q211.) *Type 756C; *Andrejev FFC LIV 35.

Q521.3. Q521.3. Penance: carrying iron hoop on head until it falls off. *Types 756C; *Andrejev FFC LIV 35.

Q521.4. Q521.4. Penance: pasturing black sheep until they become white. *Types 756C; *Andrejev FFC LIV 35.

Q521.5. Q521.5. Penance: ferryman setting people over a stream until relieved by another. *Types 460, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 138.

Q521.6. Q521.6. Penance: holding midnight mass until someone will make responses. *Sйbillot RTP X 584, XIII 179, XV 621; Ireland: Baughman, O’Suilleabhain 27, Beal XXI 308; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 70f.

Q521.7. Q521.7. Penance to be done until seven spires of Benares are reduced to powder and rebuilt. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q522. Q522. Self-torture as penance. *Andrejev FFC LXIX 127, 156.

Q522.1. Q522.1. Self-crucifixion as penance. (Cf. Q462.) *Andrejev FFC LXIX 156f.

Q522.2. Q522.2. Penance: killing oneself with wooden knife. *Andrejev FFC LXIX 156.

Q522.3. Q522.3. Penance: creeping naked through thorns. *Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 127; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 202a; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 44, Beal XXI 316; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q522.4. Q522.4. Penance: pilgrimage with hands and loins weighted with iron. Child II 128.

Q522.5. Q522.5. Penance: iron band forged round a man’s waist. Child I 172.

Q522.6. Q522.6. Penance: hanging for a thousand years head downward over a fire of chaff. Hindu: Keith 168.

Q522.7. Q522.7. Penance: wearing friar‘s cord about bare skin. Heptameron No. 41.

Q522.8. Q522.8. Penance: man wears huge serpent coiled around him in lieu of clothing. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q523. Q523. Humiliating penances. (Cf. Q470.)

Q523.1. Q523.1. Penance: crawling to Rome on knees. *Andrejev FFC LXIX 127.

Q523.1.1. Q523.1.1. Penance: crawling to grave on knees. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 48.

Q523.2. Q523.2. Penance: walking on all-fours like beast. Herbert III 131, 339, 465, 571; *Williams 10; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q523.3. Q523.3. Penance: eating food offered to dogs. *Dickson 257 n. 80; English: Wells 136 (Sir Gowther); Irish: Beal XXI 330; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 756B.

Q523.4. Q523.4. Penance: living under stairs as mendicant. *Dickson 255 n. 77; Alphabet No. 600 (Alexius).

Q523.5. Q523.5. Penance: planting garden and offering free hospitality to all. (Cf. Q481.) *Type 756C; *Andrejev FFC LIV.

Q523.6. Q523.6. Penance: slain cats, dogs, etc. to be hung up and covered with grain by man who has killed them. Kцhler-Bolte I 261.

Q523.7. Q523.7. Penance: seven years‘ service for seven days’ neglect of religious duty. (Cf. Q223.) Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 179f., 374.

Q523.8. Q523.8. Penance: performing all services asked for by anyone. Klapper Erzдhlungen des Mittelalters 112 No. 101.

Q523.9. Q523.9. Penance: king to take off crown and lick spittle from ground. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q523.10. Q523.10. Penance: fasting in sackcloth and ashes. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q524. Q524. Fearful penances. Irish myth: Cross.

Q524.1. Q524.1. Penance: spending lonely night in cave. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q524.2. Q524.2. Penance: lying the first night with every corpse brought to certain church. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q525. Q525. Dangerous penances. Irish myth: Cross.

Q525.1. Q525.1. Penance: staying on rock in dashing sea. Irish myth: Cross.

Q526. Q526. Pilgrimage as penance. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q527. Q527. Penance: inviting one Brahmin for dinner every Wednesday. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q535. Q535. Negative penances. Irish myth: Cross.

Q535.1. Q535.1. Penance: not to speak. *Krappe Balor 181ff.; *Toldo II 91; *Dickson 255 nn. 76, 77; English: Wells 136 (Sir Gowther); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 756B, Keller.

Q535.2. Q535.2. Penance: lioness foregoes meat. Her two cubs are killed. The jackal tells her that he has had the same experience. She gives up eating meat and lives on grass. Chauvin II 105 No. 68; Bшdker Exempler 302 No. 71; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q535.3. Q535.3. Refraining from sexual intercourse as penance. (Cf. C110.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q535.4. Q535.4. Lone fasting as penance. Jewish: Neuman.

Q537. Q537. Penance: resisting temptation. (Cf. T330.)

Q537.1. Q537.1. Penance: adulteress masks as monk and lives chastely in monastery. (Cf. Q241.) Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 52 (St. Theodora).

Q537.2. Q537.2. Cleric tempts self among beautiful women, lives chastely. Irish myth: Cross.

Q541. Q541. Sitting (standing) in uncomfortable position as penance.

Q541.1. Q541.1. Penance: sitting in water. *Dickson 91f. nn. 57--69; *Toldo II 94f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q541.1.1. Q541.1.1. Standing in (Jordan and Tigris) rivers as penance (by Adam and Eve). (Cf. A1331.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q541.2. Q541.2. Penance: standing in water for forty days. Dh I 228ff.; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 49, Beal XXI 318.

Q541.3. Q541.3. Penance: Gregory on the stone. Standing on a stone (pillar) as penance for incest. (Cf. Q242, T415.) *Type 933; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 173 to Gonzenbach No. 85; *Baum PMLA XXXI 562 n. 59; *Toldo II 89.

Q541.4. Q541.4. Penance: keeping self suspended on two iron hooks placed under armpits. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q541.5. Q541.5. Penance: staying for ten months rooted to one spot, with eyes closed, while birds build nests in one’s hair. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q542. Q542. Penance: giving all earnings to poor. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 756B.

Q544. Q544. Penance: being locked in cellar (well) with key thrown into water. *Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 127, 248.

Q545. Q545. Murderer‘s penance complete when he kills a greater murderer and prevents a crime. (Cf. Q211.) *Type 756C; **Andrejev FFC LIV; Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 39ff.

Q550. Q550. Miraculous punishments.

Q550.1. Q550.1. Supernatural manifestations at death of wicked person. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 1 Nos. 7, 8, 9.

Q551. Q551. Magic manifestations as punishments.

Q551.1. Q551.1. Undutiful son punished by toad clinging to face. (Cf. Q281.1.) *BP III 167; Kцhler-Bolte I 473ff.; *Ward II 664; Herbert III 343; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 437; Irish: Beal XXI 317.

Q551.1.1. Q551.1.1. Betel-nut grows upon a person‘s knee as a punishment. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 56.

Q551.2. Q551.2. Punishment: animal skin grows on man’s back. He had masked in the skin in order to cheat. *Type 831; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.2.1. Q551.2.1. Magic adhesion to object as punishment (for opposition to holy person). (Cf. D2171.1, Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.2.2. Q551.2.2. Miraculous adhesion of objects to human hand as punishment for working on holy day. (Cf. Q223.6.) *Loomis White Magic 55.

Q551.2.3. Q551.2.3. Thief rendered unable to remove burden of stolen goods from his back. (Cf. Q212.) *Loomis White Magic 55, 98.

Q551.2.4. Q551.2.4. Corpse of murdered man sticks to murderer‘s back. (Cf. Q211.) *Loomis White Magic 55.

Q551.2.5. Q551.2.5. Instrument or tool for unlawful work becomes attached to person holding it. *Loomis White Magic 55.

Q551.2.6. Q551.2.6. Sacrilege and blasphemy punished by magic adhesion. (Cf. Q221.3.) *Loomis White Magic 55f.

Q551.2.7. Q551.2.7. Priest’s concubine is unable to rise from stone. She is finally freed by prayers and repentance. (Cf. Q243.1.) England: Baughman.

Q551.2.8. Q551.2.8. Punishment for stinginess: bundle of fuel (pitcher of lime) sticks to man‘s head. (Cf. Q276.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.2.8.1. Q551.2.8.1. Punishment for cupidity: rich man’s foot caught in church door: extricated only when he sends money to beggar. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3. Q551.3. Punishment: transformation. (Cf. D661.) Greek: Grote I 32.

Q551.3.1. Q551.3.1. Punishment: transformation of lovers into lion and lioness for desecrating temple. They have had sexual relations in the temple. It was believed that lions do not mate with each other; hence their sin could not be repeated. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 401 n. 2.

Q551.3.2. Q551.3.2. Punishment: transformation into animal. (Cf. Q226.2.) S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 31.

Q551.3.2.1. Q551.3.2.1. Punishment: Loki‘s son transformed into wolf which tears his brother to pieces. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 146.

Q551.3.2.2. Q551.3.2.2. Punishment: woman transformed into bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.2.3. Q551.3.2.3. Punishment: transformation into frog. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.2.4. Q551.3.2.4. Punishment: transformation into monkey. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.2.5. Q551.3.2.5. Punishment: man transformed to a mass of worms. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.2.6. Q551.3.2.6. Punishment: transformation to ass. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.2.7. Q551.3.2.7. Punishment: transformation to dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.2.8. Q551.3.2.8. Punishment: transformation to calf. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.3. Q551.3.3. Punishment: calf’s head in murderer‘s hand turns to corpse’s head. (Cf. Q211.) *BP I 276 n. 2, II 535.

Q551.3.3.1. Q551.3.3.1. Punishment: melon in murderer‘s hand turns to murdered man’s head. Africa (Fulah): Equilbecq II 205ff. No. 43.

Q551.3.4. Q551.3.4. Transformation to stone as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.4.1. Q551.3.4.1. Scoffers turned to stone by saint. (Cf. Q225.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.3.4.2. Q551.3.4.2. Man curses wind; he is turned to stone, along with sack from which he is sowing. (Cf. Q221.) England: *Baughman.

Q551.3.4.3. Q551.3.4.3. Nun breaks her vow. She is turned to stone. (Cf. Q226.) U.S.: Baughman.

Q551.3.5. Q551.3.5. Punishment: transformation into other object. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.5.1. Q551.3.5.1. Punishment: transformation into falling star. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.3.5.2. Q551.3.5.2. Punishment: transformation into tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.4. Q551.4. Punishment: animals become sick.

Q551.4.1. Q551.4.1. Punishment: horses become sick. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q551.5. Q551.5. Reincarnation as punishment. (Cf. E600, Q584.3.) India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 222, 342, 424, 479, 597, 740, 1148, II 355, 670, 691, 792, 918, 1028, 1272.

Q551.5.1. Q551.5.1. Reincarnation into degraded form as punishment. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q551.5.1.1. Q551.5.1.1. Punishment: man reborn as girl. (Cf. Q292.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q551.5.1.2. Q551.5.1.2. Punishment: king and queen reborn as children of scavenger. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.5.1.3. Q551.5.1.3. Dying priest looks greedily on ripe plum: is reincarnated as insect feeding within plum. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.6. Q551.6. Magic sickness as punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 187.

Q551.6.0.1. Q551.6.0.1. Punishment: men stricken with leprosy. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q551.6.0.2. Q551.6.0.2. Punishment: death from unknown disease before end of three days for having obtained food by force from monastery. Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.6.1. Q551.6.1. Magic sickness as punishment for lying (perjury). (Cf. Q263, Q583.4.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.6.2. Q551.6.2. Magic sickness as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227, Q572.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.6.2.1. Q551.6.2.1. Magic sickness as punishment for tanning shoes with bark from saint‘s tree. Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.6.3. Q551.6.3. Magic sickness as punishment for ingratitude. (Cf. Q281.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.6.4. Q551.6.4. Magic sickness as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212, Q557.4, Q572.1.) *Loomis White Magic 98; Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.6.5. Q551.6.5. Magic sickness as punishment for desecration of holy places (images, etc.). (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.6.5.1. Q551.6.5.1. Magic manifestation: blood flows suddenly from mouth of blasphemer. (Cf. Q221.3.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q551.6.5.2. Q551.6.5.2. Magic manifestation: eyes fall out of head of blasphemer. (Cf. Q451.7.0.2.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q551.6.6. Q551.6.6. Emaciation caused by envy. (Cf. Q302.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.6.7. Q551.6.7. Magic sickness (death) as punishment for inhospitality. (Cf. Q292.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.7. Q551.7. Magic paralysis as punishment. Loomis White Magic 98f.; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q551.7.1. Q551.7.1. Magic paralysis as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227, Q573.1, Q583.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.7.1.1. Q551.7.1.1. Heretic suddenly becomes tongue-tied. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.7.2. Q551.7.2. Magic paralysis as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) *Loomis White Magic 98; Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.7.3. Q551.7.3. Magic paralysis as punishment for quarrelsomeness. (Cf. Q306.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.8. Q551.8. Deformity as punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Q551.8.1. Q551.8.1. Deformity as punishment for false judging. (Cf. Q265.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.8.2. Q551.8.2. Deformity as punishment for desecration of holy places (images, etc.). (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.8.3. Q551.8.3. Deformity (putridity) as punishment for murder. (Cf. D2061.1.4, Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.8.4. Q551.8.4. Man’s eye bursts forth when he urges saint to marry. (Cf. Q227, Q451.7.0.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.8.5. Q551.8.5. Head falls off when man lies to saint. (Cf. Q263.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q551.8.6. Q551.8.6. Magic punishment: tongue protrudes from mouth of sinner and blindness follows. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q551.8.7. Q551.8.7. Punishment: face distorted. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 600, 808.

Q551.9. Q551.9. Miraculous burning as punishment. (Cf. Q414.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.9.1. Q551.9.1. Miraculous burning as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q551.9.2. Q551.9.2. Magic burning to death as punishment for perjury. (Cf. Q263.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q551.10. Q551.10. Person miraculously lifted into air and dashed to death as punishment for blasphemy. (Cf. Q221.3, Q417.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.10.1. Q551.10.1. Person miraculously lifted into air and dashed to death as punishment for scoffing at church teachings. (Cf. Q225.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q551.11. Q551.11. Magic forgetfulness as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q551.12. Q551.12. Premature aging as punishment. (Cf. D1890.) Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552. Q552. Prodigy as punishment. Irish myth: *Cross; West Indies: Flowers 569f.

Q552.0.1. Q552.0.1. Death from elements as punishment for unjust judgment (by poets). Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.1. Q552.1. Death by thunderbolt as punishment. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 458; *Blinkenberg The Thunderweapon in Religion and Folklore (Cambridge, Eng., 1911); *P. Saintyves Pierres magiques (Paris, 1936).--Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 336, O‘Suilleabhain 123; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 Nos. 165, 173; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3267; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 34 n. 2 (Iasion), 52 n. 2 (Asopus); Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.1.0.1. Q552.1.0.1. Destruction of property by thunderbolt as punishment. (Cf. Q595.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.1.0.1.1. Q552.1.0.1.1. Thunderbolt demolishes fortress as punishment for disobedience (to saint). (Cf. Q227, Q325.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.1.0.2. Q552.1.0.2. Thunder slays people for disregard of him. Lithuanian: Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 135f.

Q552.1.1. Q552.1.1. Lightning strikes monk who despises humility. (Cf. Q331.) Scala Celi 102b No. 152; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 455; Alphabet No. 116.

Q552.1.2. Q552.1.2. Ravisher killed by thunderbolt. (Cf. Q244.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q552.1.3. Q552.1.3. Impostor killed by lightning. (Cf. Q262.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 110 No. 65.

Q552.1.4. Q552.1.4. Death by thunderbolt as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.1.5. Q552.1.5. Death by thunderbolt as punishment for treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.1.6. Q552.1.6. Death by thunderbolt as punishment for injustice. (Cf. Q296.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.1.7. Q552.1.7. Woman who accused saint of raping her is struck by lightning. (Cf. Q263.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q552.1.8. Q552.1.8. Infidel defies God to strike him with lightning. God does. (Cf. Q221.3.) U.S.: Baughman.

Q552.1.8.1. Q552.1.8.1. Cattle thief calls on God to strike him with lightning if he has ever stolen a cow or calf. Lightning strikes him. U.S.: Baughman.

Q552.2. Q552.2. Sinking of earth as punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18f. Nos. 164, 188; India: Thompson-Balys; Tuamotu: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 511.

Q552.2.0.1. Q552.2.0.1. Quaking of earth as punishment. (Cf. D2148.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.2.0.1.1. Q552.2.0.1.1. Earth quakes when saint is opposed. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.2.1. Q552.2.1. Land sinks and lake appears as punishment. *Fb “sш” III 449b; Loomis White Magic 41, 101; England: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 787*; Chinese: Werner 405.

Q552.2.2. Q552.2.2. Grave sinks so that grave-robbers cannot get out. (Cf. Q212.2.) Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 116 No. 17.

Q552.2.3. Q552.2.3. Earth swallowings as punishment. (Cf. F940, Q221.4.3.) Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 327, O’Suilleabhain 79; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3610, 3748, Legends Nos. 467f., 470f; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q552.2.3.1. Q552.2.3.1. Girl sinks into earth for dancing in church. (Cf. C51.1.5, Q386.) Fb “kirkegaard” II 129.

Q552.2.3.1.1. Q552.2.3.1.1. Earth swallows man who opposes saint (holy man). (Cf. Q227.) Loomis White Magic 44; Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 798, II 1220.

Q552.2.3.1.2. Q552.2.3.1.2. Earth swallows man as punishment for sacrilege (blasphemy, heresy, etc.). (Cf. Q221.3.) *Loomis White Magic 101; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.2.3.1.3. Q552.2.3.1.3. Man who angers saint sinks into earth to his knees. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.2.3.2. Q552.2.3.2. Earth swallows object as punishment. Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.2.3.2.1. Q552.2.3.2.1. Earth swallows mill in which saint‘s grain was refused grinding. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.2.3.2.2. Q552.2.3.2.2. Earth swallows heretical city. (Cf. Q225.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.2.3.2.3. Q552.2.3.2.3. Island sinks for man’s offense to saint. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.2.3.3. Q552.2.3.3. Saint causes parricide to sink into earth to his knees. (Cf. D1713, Q211.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.2.3.4. Q552.2.3.4. Earth swallows man intending treachery. (Cf. Q261.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.3. Q552.3. Failure of crops during reign of wicked king. (Cf. Q552.10.1.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 72, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 171, 203; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q552.3.0.1. Q552.3.0.1. Failure of crops as punishment for uncharitableness. (Cf. Q286.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.3.0.2. Q552.3.0.2. Failure of crops as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.3.0.3. Q552.3.0.3. Failure of crops and milk as punishment for adultery. (Cf. Q241.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.3.0.4. Q552.3.0.4. Failure of crops for mistreating the dead. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 233.

Q552.3.1. Q552.3.1. Famine as punishment. *Loomis White Magic 95, 102; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.3.1.1. Q552.3.1.1. Sterility of land as punishment for parricide. (Cf. Q211.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.3.2. Q552.3.2. Famine as punishment for oppression by victors. Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.3.3. Q552.3.3. Drought as punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.3.4. Q552.3.4. Food magically disappears. India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 431.

Q552.3.5. Q552.3.5. Punishment for greed: streams of sugar, molasses, and milk from anchorite‘s tomb dry up and petrify because of townspeople’s greed. (Cf. Q272.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.3.6. Q552.3.6. Punishment: water famine. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q552.3.7. Q552.3.7. Murrain upon cattle as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.4. Q552.4. Ear of stolen animal protrudes from thief‘s mouth. (Cf. Q212.) Irish: Plummer cxliii, *Cross; *Loomis White Magic 98.

Q552.4.1. Q552.4.1. Stolen animal cries out from stomach of thief. *Loomis White Magic 98; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q552.5. Q552.5. Monstrous births as punishment for girl’s pride. (Cf. M437, Q331, T550.) Child I 210; Ireland, U.S.: Baughman.

Q552.5.1. Q552.5.1. Man who cuts off tongue of swallow has dumb children. (Cf. Q285.1.1.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 182; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q552.6. Q552.6. Rich lord who robs poor widow of her cow chokes on first mouthful. (Cf. Q212.) Herbert III 35ff.

Q552.7. Q552.7. Mary-image descends and chastises clerk who scoffs at its rude carving. (Cf. Q225.) Ward II 676 No. 61.

Q552.8. Q552.8. Dead cock rises, crows, and spatters scoffers so that they become leprous. (Cf. Q225.) Alphabet No. 117.

Q552.9. Q552.9. Punishment: woman who has prevented birth of children casts no shadow. (Cf. Q251.) *Type 755; *Fb “skygge” III 347ab; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 186.

Q552.10. Q552.10. Plague as punishment. Irish myth: *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 165; German: O. Busch Nordwestthьringer Sagen 145, E. Handreck Mьllersagen 194, O. Schцppner Sagenbuch d. bairischen Lande I 72; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.10.1. Q552.10.1. Recurrent plague during reign of wicked king. (Cf. Q552.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.11. Q552.11. Punishment: meeting frightful apparition. (Ghost, mysterious animal, devil.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 17ff. Nos. 158--161, 167, 169-71, 179.

Q552.12. Q552.12. Punishment: shipwreck. Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 Nos. 174--75.

Q552.13. Q552.13. Fire from heaven as punishment. (Cf. F797, F962.2.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.13.0.1. Q552.13.0.1. Punishment by arrows of fire from heaven. Jewish: Neuman.

Q552.13.0.2. Q552.13.0.2. Sword (of fire) from heaven drawn upon sinners. Jewish: Neuman.

Q552.13.0.3. Q552.13.0.3. Gods pour torrents of hot ashes on kingdom as punishment. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 601.

Q552.13.1. Q552.13.1. Death by fire from heaven as punishment. *Loomis White Magic 35; Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.13.1.1. Q552.13.1.1. Death by fire from heaven as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.13.1.2. Q552.13.1.2. Death by fire from heaven as punishment for scoffing at church teachings. (Cf. Q225.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.13.2. Q552.13.2. Destruction of property by fire from heaven as punishment. (Cf. Q595.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.13.2.1. Q552.13.2.1. City of king who opposed saint miraculously burned. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.13.2.2. Q552.13.2.2. Church which refused to bury saint miraculously burned. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.13.3. Q552.13.3. Fire from heaven consumes adulterous wife who has slandered an abbot. (Cf. Q227, Q414.0.3.) *Loomis White Magic 111.

Q552.14. Q552.14. Storm as punishment. (Cf. D905.) Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.14.0.1. Q552.14.0.1. Storm as punishment for affront to disguised supernatural spirit. (Cf. Q221.) S. A. Indian (Chamacoco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 28.

Q552.14.1. Q552.14.1. Fortress built on Sunday destroyed by tempest. (Cf. C631, Q223.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.14.2. Q552.14.2. Punishment: flood of mud after which crops of corn come up with black (smutted) ears. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.14.3. Q552.14.3. Mass of sand advances like a tidal wave upon city. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.14.4. Q552.14.4. Rain of stones as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.14.5. Q552.14.5. Hail as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.15. Q552.15. Punishment: cloud cuts off view of man promised all he can see for expelling saint. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.16. Q552.16. Food and drink refused saint miraculously become putrid. (Cf. D2096, Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.16.1. Q552.16.1. Food concealed from saint miraculously changed to stones. (Cf. Q551.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.16.1.1. Q552.16.1.1. Fishermen cut fish into pieces and claim that they have none. Saint says, “If you have none, may you have them; if you have, may they be stones.” Pieces of fish are changed to stones. (Cf. A977.5.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.16.1.2. Q552.16.1.2. Women carrying cheeses concealed pretend that they are carrying webs or balls of thread. Saint changes cheeses to stones. (Cf. A977.5.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.17. Q552.17. Punishment: grave fills with sand when digger attempts to bury sinner over holy man. (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.18. Q552.18. Punishment: disappearance of ill-gotten gains. (Cf. Q585, Q595.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.18.1. Q552.18.1. Gold and silver demanded of saint disappear. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.18.1.1. Q552.18.1.1. Cowl demanded as ransom from saint bursts into flame. Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.18.2. Q552.18.2. Drink refused saint disappears. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.18.3. Q552.18.3. Payment for ransom disappears when prisoner is not released. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.19. Q552.19. Miraculous drowning as punishment. (Cf. Q428, Q467.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

A920.1.3. Lake bursts forth to drown thief.

Q552.19.0.1. Q552.19.0.1. Drowning caused by magic wind as punishment of braggart. (Cf. D906, Q330.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.19.1. Q552.19.1. Miraculous drowning as punishment for opposition to saint (holy man). (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1042.

Q552.19.2. Q552.19.2. Miraculous drowning as punishment for desire to murder. (Cf. Q211.8.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.19.3. Q552.19.3. Miraculous drowning as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.19.4. Q552.19.4. Miraculous drowning as punishment for man’s flight with stepmother. (Cf. Q242.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.19.5. Q552.19.5. Miraculous drowning as punishment for haughtiness. (Cf. Q331.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q552.19.6. Q552.19.6. Flood as punishment for murder (fratricide). (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q552.20. Q552.20. Eclipse as punishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.20.1. Q552.20.1. Miraculous darkness as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q552.21. Q552.21. Man vomits heart as punishment and lives without it till his death. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.22. Q552.22. Punishment: city and inhabitants hurled down precipice. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.23. Q552.23. Punishment: being suspended between heaven and earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q552.24. Q552.24. Punishment: lava flow. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 500.

Q552.25. Q552.25. Earthquake as punishment.

Q552.25.1. Q552.25.1. Earthquake at dragon‘s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q552.25.2. Q552.25.2. Earthquake at witch’s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q553. Q553. Divine favor withdrawn as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q553.1. Q553.1. Virgin Mary withdraws the sacrament from a scoffer. (Cf. Q225.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 551.

Q553.2. Q553.2. Punishment: angel ceases to appear to self-righteous hermit. Type 756A; Kцhler-Bolte I 147f., 578; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 81, Espinosa Jr. No. 186.

Q553.3. Q553.3. Sterility as punishment. (Cf. T591.) Jewish: *Neuman.

Q553.3.1. Q553.3.1. God refuses king a son on account of his many wars. (Cf. Q305.) Chinese: Werner 256.

Q553.3.0.1. Q553.3.0.1. Sterility of women as punishment. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q578.3); India: Thompson-Balys.

Q553.3.2. Q553.3.2. Children of incestuous father die without issue. (Cf. Q242.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q553.3.3. Q553.3.3. Sterility as punishment for breaking saint‘s covenant. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross; Greek (Herodotus): Classical Philology 39 (1944) 179f.

Q553.3.4. Q553.3.4. Sterility as punishment for parricide. (Cf. Q211.1.). Irish myth: Cross.

Q553.3.5. Q553.3.5. Sterility as punishment for uncharitableness to holy person. (Cf. Q286.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q553.3.6. Q553.3.6. Painful birth of children as punishment. Jewish: Neuman.

Q553.3.7. Q553.3.7. Punishment: reduced number of children. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q553.4. Q553.4. Death of children as punishment. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q553.4.1. Q553.4.1. Child taken from parents because they have ceased to think of God. (Cf. Q223.1.) Kцhler-Bolte I 148.

Q553.5. Q553.5. Punishment: small catch of fish for child-murderers. Fisherman and his wife have always caught three fishes. From greed they kill their child in order to have more fish for themselves. But they thereafter catch but two fishes. (Cf. Q211.4.) Type 832.

Q553.6. Q553.6. Failure in all efforts as punishment. Loomis White Magic 100; Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q479.1); India: Thompson-Balys.

Q553.7. Q553.7. Rains withheld until king remembers to have monks’ huts roofed as promised. (Cf. Q266.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 288.

Q554. Q554. Mysterious visitation as punishment.

Q554.1. Q554.1. Punishment: devil carries off thief. (Cf. Q212.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 378.

Q554.2. Q554.2. Devil in roof of church into which he thrusts voices of loud singers. (Cf. Q223.) Alphabet No. 123.

Q554.3. Q554.3. Mysterious stranger blows ashes into face of scoffer and chokes him to death. (Cf. Q225.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 666.

Q554.4. Q554.4. Mysterious wolf enters church and kills blaspheming priest. (Cf. Q225.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 550.

Q554.5. Q554.5. Mysterious animal punishes penitent. Returning from the pope he is met by a mysterious animal who jumps on his back. Then in the man‘s room, whither he has carried the animal, a three hours’ noise is heard as of a fight. Neither man nor beast is found in the room. (Cf. Q557.) Kцhler-Bolte I 132; Euphorion IV 332; Irish: Beal XXI 317, O‘Suilleabhain 46; Gascon: Bladй Contes pop. de Gascogne II 201 No. 13.

Q554.6. Q554.6. Cheaters visited by god in animal form. Frightened into restitution. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q554.7. Q554.7. Creditor in former existence comes to confiscate riches of unkind man in next existence. (Cf. Q281.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q555. Q555. Madness as punishment. (Cf. D2065.) *Loomis White Magic 98; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 146 n. 2, 183 n. 3; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q555.1. Q555.1. Madness as punishment for scoffer. (Cf. Q225.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 457.

Q555.2. Q555.2. Madness as punishment for adulterer. (Cf. Q241.) Alphabet No. 36; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Aeschylus Eumenides 341.

Q555.3. Q555.3. Madness as punishment for thieves. (Cf. Q212.) *Loomis White Magic 98.

Q555.4. Q555.4. Punishment for incest: father and son maddened; cut off their sexual organs. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q556. Q556. Curse as punishment. Roberts 217; Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 83, Beal XXI 328; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q556.0.1. Q556.0.1. Curse threatened to enforce demand. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q556.0.2. Q556.0.2. Voice from heaven pronounces curse of destruction on city. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q556.1. Q556.1. Curse for participation in Crucifixion. (Cf. Q221.2.) Dh II 216ff., 219ff.; England: Baughman.

Q556.2. Q556.2. Mark of Cain. Permanent mark as curse on a murderer. (Cf. Q211.) *Frazer Old Testament I 78ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q556.3. Q556.3. Curse for leaving home. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q556.4. Q556.4. Man has color of the dead as result of saint‘s curse for disobedience. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q556.4.1. Q556.4.1. Child born with one eye blinded as result of saint’s curse. Irish myth: Cross.

Q556.5. Q556.5. Saint decrees offenders will not be able to fortify their dwellings. Fences fall, earth gapes when dug. (Cf. D2192, Q227, Q552.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q556.6. Q556.6. Curse for plundering church: king loses battles. (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q556.7. Q556.7. Curse for inhospitality. (Cf. Q292.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q556.7.1. Q556.7.1. Curse for enforced hospitality. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q556.8. Q556.8. Curse for mockery. (Cf. Q288.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q556.9. Q556.9. Curse for banishing wife at wish of paramour. (Cf. Q248.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q556.10. Q556.10. Curse for murder. (Cf. Q211.)

Q556.10.1. Q556.10.1. Saint curses murderer with shortness of life here and hell beyond. Irish myth: Cross.

Q556.11. Q556.11. Curse for uncharitableness. (Cf. Q286.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q556.12. Q556.12. Curse for stealing. (Cf. Q212.)

Q556.12.1. Q556.12.1. Thievish abbot to be eaten by wolves: curse by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

Q557. Q557. Miraculous punishment through animals. (Cf. Q415, Q552.4, Q554.5, Q582.6, Q589.1, Q589.1.0.1, Q597.) Jewish: *Neuman.

Q557.1. Q557.1. Poisonous toad sits on food of undutiful children. (Cf. Q281.1.) Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 25.

Q557.2. Q557.2. Serpent chokes woman’s undutiful son. (Cf. Q281.1.) Alphabet No. 359.

Q557.3. Q557.3. Eagle (ape) carries off ill-gotten gain. Makes away with the receipts of a merchant who had watered his wine. (Cf. Q274.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Q557.4. Q557.4. Mouse causes hair of thief to fall out. (Cf. Q551.6.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q557.5. Q557.5. Saint‘s pet crane pecks out eye of spying person. (Cf. Q342, Q580.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q557.6. Q557.6. Snake strikes person for opposing saint. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q557.7. Q557.7. Tiger seizes bride and bridegroom at threshold of house because groom has failed to worship deity before ceremony. (Cf. Q223.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q557.8. Q557.8. People given charm to dispel flies grumble: flies return a thousandfold. (Cf. Q312.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q558. Q558. Mysterious death as punishment. (Cf. Q411, Q574, Q591.1.)

Q558.1. Q558.1. Scoffing priest mysteriously stricken dead. (Cf. Q225.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 455, 486.

Q558.2. Q558.2. Perjurer stricken dead. (Cf. Q263.) Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 19 No. 177.

Q558.3. Q558.3. Usurer flees city to escape plague. On his return he boasts that God did not get him. He takes the plague and dies. (Cf. Q221.3.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q558.4. Q558.4. Blasphemer stricken dead. (Cf. Q221.3.) England: Baughman; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller (Q221.3.3); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q558.5. Q558.5. Man in anger throws stone at the image of the Virgin. Is stricken dead. (Cf. Q222.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q558.6. Q558.6. Mysterious death as punishment for theft. (Cf. Q212.) *Loomis White Magic 98; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q558.7. Q558.7. Slave-driver mysteriously stricken dead. (Cf. Q285.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.8. Q558.8. Mysterious death as punishment for wrongful satire. (Cf. Q265.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q558.9. Q558.9. Mysterious death as punishment for murder. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q558.9.1. Q558.9.1. Mysterious death of son as punishment for murder. Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.10. Q558.10. Mysterious death as punishment for feigning sleep. (Cf. Q260.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.11. Q558.11. Animals which eat of saint’s body stricken dead. (Cf. B275.3, Q220.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.12. Q558.12. Mysterious death as punishment for worshiping idols on All-Saints-Day. Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.13. Q558.13. Mysterious death as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q227, Q574.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q558.13.1. Q558.13.1. Mysterious death of son as punishment for opposition to holy person. (Cf. Q411.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q558.13.2. Q558.13.2. Mysterious death as punishment for disbelief in druidism. Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.14. Q558.14. Mysterious death as punishment for desecration of holy places (images, etc.). (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q558.14.1. Q558.14.1. Animals stricken dead for desecration of holy places. (Cf. D2089.3.) *Loomis White Magic 102; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q558.15. Q558.15. Mysterious death as punishment for lying (perjury). (Cf. Q263.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.15.1. Q558.15.1. Mysterious death of son as punishment for lying (perjury). Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.16. Q558.16. Mysterious death as punishment for false judging. Irish myth: Cross.

Q558.17. Q558.17. Death by ulcer for destroying churches. (Cf. Q222.) Irish myth:

Q558.18. Q558.18. Saints bring about miraculous death because of desecration of sanctuaries. (Cf. C51.1, Q222, V220.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q559. Q559. Other miraculous punishments.

Q559.1. Q559.1. Devils instead of angels visit woman who has forgotten God in her prosperity. U.S., England: Baughman; Russian: Andrejev No. 796*.

Q559.2. Q559.2. Punishment: man stricken blind. (Cf. Q451.7.0.2.) Irish: Beal XXI 336; Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 18 No. 172; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q559.3. Q559.3. Body of murdered man cannot be moved nor can water be drawn from a well to wash it. Leads to exposure of murderer. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q559.4. Q559.4. Peasants punished for working on feast day. They cannot leave the field for several days. (Cf. Q223.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q559.5. Q559.5. Girl punished for jeering at saint. Is stricken dumb and distaff sticks to her hand. (Cf. Q227.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q559.5.1. Q559.5.1. Birth of child prevented until girl confesses slander. She has accused a bishop of fathering the child. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q559.5.2. Q559.5.2. Girl‘s hand withers as punishment for broken oath to God. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q559.6. Q559.6. Poets lose ability to compose verse as punishment for immoderate request. (Cf. Q338.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q559.7. Q559.7. Punishment: body will not decay after death because man broke saint’s covenant. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q559.8. Q559.8. Half of house in which false judgment is given slips down hill. (Cf. Q265.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q559.9. Q559.9. Saints miraculously cause child to fall over cliff as punishment for mother‘s washing clothes in holy well. (Cf. Q222, Q411.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q559.10. Q559.10. Magic boat keeps thief at sea until he promises to throw ill-gotten gains into sea. (Cf. D1654.6, Q212.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q559.11. Q559.11. Man miraculously made to excrete his entrails for heresy. (Cf. Q225.1, Q469.7.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q560. Q560. Punishments in hell. (Cf. Q174.) Fb “helvede” IV 209a; Wienert FFC LVI 41; Krappe “Notes on Dante’s Inferno” Archivum Romanicum VI 376--385, XI 592--603; Festskrift til Feilberg 202. -- Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 319--23, O‘Suilleabhain 51, 53, 58; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 391, 467f., 470f., 585; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 202, 204, Keller; Greek: Grote I 129; Egyptian: Mьller 179f.; Jewish: *Neuman, Moreno Esdras; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 598.

Q560.1. Q560.1. Punishments in land of dead (detailed). India: Thompson-Balys.

Q560.1.1. Q560.1.1. Punishments in other world: people reincarnated as buffaloes and killed. Chinese: Graham.

Q560.2. Q560.2. Respite from hell.

Q560.2.1. Q560.2.1. Souls in hell not punished on Sabbath. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Q560.2.1.1. Q560.2.1.1. Three hours of respite on Sunday for tormented in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q560.2.2. Q560.2.2. Certain number of souls released from hell every Saturday through virtue of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q560.2.3. Q560.2.3. Soul (of Judas) tormented on rock in sea on certain days as respite from pains of hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q560.3. Q560.3. Sinners endure hell tortures for one year. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q561. Q561. Punishments being prepared in hell.

Q561.1. Q561.1. Bed heating in hell for certain person. *Type 756B; **Andrejev FFC LXIX 106ff.; *Fb “seng” III 187a; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 391.

Q561.2. Q561.2. Kettle heating in hell for certain person. *Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 106ff.

Q561.3. Q561.3. Seat (room) heating in hell for certain person. *Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 106ff.; Irish: Beal XXI 311, O‘Suilleabhain 33.

Q561.4. Q561.4. Palace in other world of the dead where are rooms full of tongues, hands, etc. of men committing sins in this world. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q562. Q562. Pain of souls tormented in hell alternately ebbs and flows. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q562.1. Q562.1. Girdles of sinners in hell alternately scorch with heat and cold. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q562.2. Q562.2. Souls in hell alternately drowned and burned. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q562.3. Q562.3. Souls tormented in hell alternately borne up to firmament and cast down to depths. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q563. Q563. Punishments in hell fitted to crimes. (Cf. Q580.) Zs. f. celtische Phil. IX 413ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q563.1. Q563.1. Punishment in hell fitted to the grade of wickedness. Jewish: *Neuman.

Q564. Q564. Letter sent to the relatives from man punished in hell. Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 467f.

Q565. Q565. Man admitted to neither heaven nor hell. He has tricked the devil. *Type 330; *BP II 149ff., 163ff.; Fb “helvede” I 589a, “himmerige” I 611a; Irish: Beal XXI 329, O’Suilleabhain 90; U.S.: *Baughman; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 8, 210, 213; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Remus 156 No. 32.

Q565.1. Q565.1. Person to be received by neither earth nor heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

Q566. Q566. Punishments by heat in hell. (Cf. A671.2.4.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 885.

Q567. Q567. Punishments by cold in hell. *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 18; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Q567.1. Q567.1. Sharp icy hoods (cowls) worn by sinners in hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q569. Q569. Other punishments in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

Q569.1. Q569.1. Sinners in hell forced to sit in dark puddles up to their middles. (Cf. A689.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

Q569.2. Q569.2. Sinners in hell swallowed by dragons. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q569.3. Q569.3. Sinners in hell fall into mouth of devil. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q569.4. Q569.4. Sinners in hell painfully suspended. Jewish: Neuman.

Q569.5. Q569.5. Smokers in otherworld are locked in smoky rooms. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Q570. Q570. Punishment and remission. Irish myth: Cross.

Q570.1. Q570.1. Magic foul disease as punishment for persecution of Christians remitted. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q571. Q571. Magic blindness as punishment remitted. (Cf. Q451.7.0.2.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q571.1. Q571.1. Magic blindness as punishment for opposition to holy person remitted. (Cf. Q227.) O‘Grady Silva Gadelica II 7; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q571.2. Q571.2. Magic blindness as punishment for uncharitableness remitted. (Cf. Q286.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q572. Q572. Magic sickness as punishment remitted. (Cf. Q551.6.)

Q572.1. Q572.1. Magic sickness as punishment for theft remitted. (Cf. Q212.) O’Grady Silva Gadelica II 37; Irish myth: Cross.

Q572.2. Q572.2. Magic sickness as punishment for uncharitableness remitted. (Cf. Q286.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q572.3. Q572.3. Magic sickness as punishment for opposition to holy person remitted. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q572.4. Q572.4. Magic sickness as punishment for immoderate request remitted. (Cf. Q338.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q572.5. Q572.5. Saint deprives enemy king of speech. King repents, speech restored. Irish myth: Cross.

Q573. Q573. Magic paralysis as punishment remitted. (Cf. Q551.7.)

Q573.1. Q573.1. Magic paralysis as punishment for opposition to holy person remitted. Cf. O‘Grady Silva Gadelica II 28; Irish myth: Cross.

Q573.2. Q573.2. Magic paralysis as punishment for scorning of bishop remitted. Icelandic: Boberg.

Q574. Q574. Mysterious death as punishment remitted. (Cf. Q558.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q574.1. Q574.1. Mysterious death as punishment for opposition to holy person remitted. (Cf. Q558.13.) O’Grady Silva Gadelica II 71; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q574.2. Q574.2. Mysterious death of animals as punishment for uncharitableness remitted. (Cf. D2089.3, Q286.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q575. Q575. Magic putrefaction of food as punishment for opposition to holy person remitted. (Cf. Q227.) O‘Grady Silva Gadelica II 26; Irish myth: Cross.

Q576. Q576. Curse as punishment remitted. (Cf. Q556.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q576.1. Q576.1. Curse of loss of victory for opposition to holy person remitted. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q577. Q577. Sentence to hang remitted. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q578. Q578. Spirit in hell remitted from humiliating punishment of bathing people. (Cf. Q501.9.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q580. Q580. Punishment fitted to crime. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; West Indies: Flowers 570.

Q581. Q581. Villain nemesis. Person condemned to punishment he has suggested for others. *Cox 503 and passim (under head “villain nemesis”); *Fb “dom” IV 101b; *Wesselski Theorie 139; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 64 to Gonzenbach No. 13; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 116; Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 83), 51 (ET 109, 110), 59 (ET 199), 132 (ST 382), 135 (ST 406, 447); Halm Aesop Nos. 18, 326. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2, III No. 10, V Nos. 8, 9; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q581.0.1. Q581.0.1. Loss of life as result of one‘s own treachery. (Cf. Q261.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q581.1. Q581.1. Unusual murder avenged in like manner. Scottish: Campbell-Mckay No. 17; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q581.2. Q581.2. Villain in hiding killed by blow aimed at his victim. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q581.3. Q581.3. Those planning to drown others drowned. Jewish: Neuman.

Q581.3.1. Q581.3.1. Drowning as punishment for drowning. Eskimo. (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 165.

Q582. Q582. Fitting death as punishment. (Cf. Q411, D2060.) Irish: O’Suilleabhain 125, Beal XXI 336; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 374, II 851, 1353; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 61, (Wakweli): Bender 106f.

Q582.1. Q582.1. Sisters throw unique jewel into lake; killed and thrown after it. Revue Celtique XVI 76; Irish myth: Cross.

Q582.2. Q582.2. Man who brings fire to his house at devil‘s instigation burns to death. (Cf. Q233.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q582.3. Q582.3. Murderer killed by his own spear. (Cf. Q211.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q582.3.1. Q582.3.1. Man killed by piece of stone flying from rock his victim dies upon. Irish myth: Cross.

Q582.4. Q582.4. Man dies from drop of blood of pet hound he has killed. (Cf. Q211.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q582.5. Q582.5. Man boasts he fears saint no more than hornless sheep; killed by hornless sheep. (Cf. Q333.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q582.6. Q582.6. Woman killed by horse got through immoderate request. (Cf. Q338, Q557.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q582.7. Q582.7. Boy who threw stones at clerics killed by thrown stone. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q582.8. Q582.8. Person drinks poison he prepared for another. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q582.9. Q582.9. Man falls dead when he sees his sons whom he has reared in sin all killed. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Q583. Q583. Fitting bodily injury as punishment. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 16.

Q583.1. Q583.1. Man who laughs at blind made blind. (Cf. Q288, Q451.7.0.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q583.2. Q583.2. Man stricken dumb for surly speech. (Cf. Q327, Q451.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q583.3. Q583.3. Man seeking to flee saint paralyzed. (Cf. Q551.7.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q583.4. Q583.4. Lying woman’s tongue swells. (Cf. Q551.6.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q584. Q584. Transformation as fitting punishment. (Cf. D661, Q551.3.)

Q584.1. Q584.1. Transformer transformed. Irish myth: Cross.

Q584.2. Q584.2. Transformation of a man to animal as fitting punishment. (Cf. D661.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 773*; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 133, 172.

Q584.3. Q584.3. Reincarnation in form fitted to crime. (Cf. Q551.5.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 50, 829, 1020, II 706, 1050, 1357.

Q585. Q585. Fitting destruction (disappearance) of property as punishment. (Cf. Q552.18, Q595.) India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 885, II 416, 1264.

Q585.1. Q585.1. Man refuses to give to charity: his property disappears. (Cf. Q286, Q595.3.) Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Q585.2. Q585.2. Destruction (disappearance) of property got through immoderate request. (Cf. Q338.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q585.3. Q585.3. During rainy spring, farmer wishes that Lord would sleep till harvest time. Farmer himself sleeps until all neighbors have finished harvesting. When he wakes, he finds his crops ruined. (Cf. Q235.) England: *Baughman.

Q585.4. Q585.4. Food disappears because of wastefulness. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q586. Q586. Son on gallows bites his mother‘s (father’s) nose off: punishment for neglect in youth. *Types 756B, 838; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 88; Wienert FFC LVI 83 (ET 493), 128 (ST 365, 499); Halm Aesop No. 351; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 19; Crane Vitry 259 No. 287; *Chauvin VIII 113 No. 95 n. 1; Alphabet No. 217. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Q587. Q587. Jealous husband kills bird which wife falsely says she has been listening to. She has really been conversing with her lover. (Laьstic.) *Warncke Lais der Marie de France@2 cxxvi.

Q588. Q588. Ungrateful son punished by having a son equally ungrateful. (Cf. Q281.1.) BP I 135.

Q589. Q589. Punishment fitted to crime--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

Q589.1. Q589.1. Horses fail when owner refuses load to saint. (Cf. Q286.1, Q557.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Q589.1.0.1. Q589.1.0.1. Man cannot drive cow by himself which he refused to share. (Cf. Q272.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q589.2. Q589.2. Man goes forth naked: cursed with nakedness throughout life. (Cf. Q556.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q589.3. Q589.3. Punishment for stinginess: amends made by being generous and liberal. (Cf. Q276.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Q590. Q590. Miscellaneous punishments.

Q591. Q591. Punishment: lie becomes truth. (Cf. Q263.) *Loomis White Magic 100; Irish: Beal XXI 327, O’Suilleabhain 74; Japanese: Ikeda.

Q591.1. Q591.1. Punishment: death pretended becomes real. Revue Celtique xxvii 297; Irish myth: *Cross.

Q591.1.1. Q591.1.1. King tests saint by having man feign death; saint perceives trick and causes man to be dead. Irish myth: Cross.

Q591.2. Q591.2. Punishment: man says salt he carries is stones; it immediately becomes so. Irish myth: *Cross.

Q591.2.1. Q591.2.1. Punishment: man says sugar he carries is earth; it becomes so. India: Thompson-Balys.

Q591.3. Q591.3. Man dies from pretended illness. Irish myth: Cross.

Q593. Q593. Dead mother appears and makes disobedient child eat fatal serpent. (Cf. Q325.) Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 263 No. 66.

Q594. Q594. Punishment: taking snakes as foster children. *Type 751B.

Q595. Q595. Loss or destruction of property as punishment. (Cf. Q552.1.0.1, Q552.13.2, Q552.14.1, Q585, Q552.18.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Africa (Fang): Tessman 195.

Q595.1. Q595.1. Fortress ravaged when saint is refused admittance. (Cf. Q227.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q595.2. Q595.2. Cattle killed, crops burned as punishment for abduction. (Cf. Q213.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q595.3. Q595.3. Uncharitable king loses wealth. (Cf. Q286, Q585.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Q595.4. Q595.4. Loss of money as punishment. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (Q585.1).

Q595.4.1. Q595.4.1. Tribute as punishment for trickery. Irish myth: Cross (Q261.2).

Q596. Q596. Punishment in effigy.

Q596.1. Q596.1. Quartering in effigy for uxoricide. (Cf. Q211.3.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Q597. Q597. Animals avenge injury. (Cf. Q557.)

Q597.1. Q597.1. Snake carries into fire man who has banned snakes. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 79; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 132 No. 79.

Q597.2. Q597.2. Birds take back their feathers from ungrateful wolf to whom they have lent them. (Cf. Q281.) Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 310 n. 1; West Indies: Flowers 570.

Q597.3. Q597.3. Bees sting honey-thieves. (Cf. Q212.) Wienert FFC LVI *67 (ET 312), 98 (ST 122); Halm Aesop No. 288.

Q598. Q598. Punishment: fighting all who pass through forest. Dickson 69 n. 16.

Q599. Q599. Other punishments.

Q599.1. Q599.1. Punishment: marrying shrewish wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Captives and Fugitives

R. CAPTIVES AND FUGITIVES

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

R0--R99. Captivity

R0. Captivity

R10. Abduction

R40. Places of captivity

R50. Conditions of captivity

R70. Behavior of captives

R100--R199. Rescues

R100. Rescues

R110. Rescue of captive

R130. Rescue of abandoned or lost persons

R150. Rescuers

R170. Rescue--miscellaneous motifs

R200--R299. Escapes and pursuits

R200. Escapes and pursuits

R210. Escapes

R220. Flights

R260. Pursuits

R300--R399. Refuges and recapture

R300. Refuges and recapture

R310. Refuges

R350. Recapture of fugitive

R.

R. CAPTIVES AND FUGITIVES

R0--R99.

R0--R99. Captivity.

R0. R0. Captivity.

R1. R1. Wild man captured and tamed. *Dickson 116 n. 44, 122; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 319 n. 152.

R2. R2. God holds the devil captive for three years. Dh. I 184.

R3. R3. King imprisons another king‘s embassy. Thien Motive 10.

R4. R4. Surprise capture. Irish myth: *Cross.

R4.1. R4.1. Enemy surprised while bathing: taken. Irish myth: *Cross.

R5. R5. Capture on field of battle. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

R5.1. R5.1. Enemy host imprisoned by earthen walls thrown up by hero’s chariot wheels. Irish myth: *Cross.

R5.2. R5.2. Hero captured by being pressed between shields from all sides. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R6. R6. Messenger of Death imprisoned. India: Thompson-Balys.

R7. R7. Men held captive in the Land of Women. (Cf. F112.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R8. R8. Gods captured. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R9. R9. Captivity--miscellaneous.

R9.1. R9.1. Sun captured.

R9.1.1. R9.1.1. Sun captured during visit to earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

R9.1.2. R9.1.2. Sun and Moon captured by creditor, thus causing eclipse. India: Thompson-Balys.

R9.1.3. R9.1.3. Sun and Moon imprison each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

R9.2. R9.2. Grain and pulse in human form imprisoned by wicked king. India: Thompson-Balys.

R9.3. R9.3. Ogress captured and reformed. India: Thompson-Balys.

R9.4. R9.4. Fire-maiden imprisoned in iron house. India: Thompson-Balys.

R9.5. R9.5. Cow imprisoned until it promises not to eat men. India: Thompson-Balys.

R9.6. R9.6. King imprisons all living creatures. India: Thompson-Balys.

R10. R10. Abduction. **Feilberg Bjжrgtagen (Kшbenhavn, 1910), Nissens Historie; **Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 541ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 86, (Zuсi): Benedict II 334.

R10.1. R10.1. Princess (maiden) abducted. (Cf. R11.1, R12.1, R13.1, R16.1, R17.1, R25.1, R31.) *Types 301, 302, 311, 312; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 553b nn. 296--315; Feilberg Bjжrgtagen (Kшbenhavn 1910).--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “princesse”; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 133--135; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Grote I 156; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 220.

R10.1.1. R10.1.1. Maiden abducted by soldiers. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R10.1.2. R10.1.2. Lover abducts maiden from cruel father and brother. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R10.2. R10.2. Pretended abduction. Adulterous wife plots own abduction by paramour. Irish myth: Cross.

R10.3. R10.3. Children abducted. Icelandic: Boberg.

R10.4. R10.4. Hero abducted by witch who loves him. Icelandic: Boberg.

R10.4.1. R10.4.1. Abduction of bridegroom and killing of his bride planned as giantess’s revenge. Icelandic: Lagerholm 56--58, Boberg.

R11. R11. Abduction by monster (ogre). (Cf. G440.) **Feilberg Bjжrgtagen (Kшbenhavn, 1910); Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 133--135, III Nos. 141f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 129, 1060; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 39.

R11.1. R11.1. Princess (maiden) abducted by monster (ogre). (Cf. R10.1.) *Types 301, 302, 311, 312; *BP I 398, 404, II 301, 317, III 434; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 544b, 547a nn. 60--79, 140--174; *Fb “brud” IV 64b.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 221 No. 98; Japanese: Dixon 215 n. 17; Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 167; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 341f. nn. 228, 228a, 231, 235.

R11.1.1. R11.1.1. Abduction of girl by half bestial man (hair on body, nails of dog). India: *Thompson-Balys.

R11.2. R11.2. Abduction by devil.

R11.2.1. R11.2.1. Devil carries off wicked people. Scala Celi 6b, 43a, 54b, 77b Nos. 39, 246, 306, 441; Fb “fanden” I 267a; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 55, Beal XXI 322; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 13 Nos. 116, 118; Spanish Exempla: Keller; West Indies: Flowers 571.

R11.2.1.1. R11.2.1.1. Devil carries off emperor because of his many murders. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

R11.2.2. R11.2.2. Abduction by demon. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 507, 1053; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1386).

R11.2.2.1. R11.2.2.1. Abduction by Echo. India: Thompson-Balys.

R11.3. R11.3. Abduction by giant. (Cf. F531, G100.) English romance: Malory V 5; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 166 No. 72; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 334.

R12. R12. Abduction by pirates.

R12.1. R12.1. Maiden abducted by pirates (robbers). (Cf. R10.1.) *Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 465; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 981.

R12.2. R12.2. Man abducted by pirates. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R12.2.1. R12.2.1. Child abducted by robbers and brought up in their ways. Later becomes wealthy and law-abiding. Irish myth: Cross.

R12.3. R12.3. Lovers abducted by pirates. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R12.4. R12.4. Girl enticed into boat and abducted. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R13. R13. Abduction by animal. Chinese: Graham.

B11.6.8. Dragon flies to its nest with human being.

R13.0.1. R13.0.1. Children carried off by animals. *Hibbard 270 n. 10, 276; Irish myth: *Cross.

R13.1. R13.1. Abduction by wild beast.

R13.1.1. R13.1.1. Baboons abduct boy. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 42.

R13.1.2. R13.1.2. Lion carries off child. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R13.1.3. R13.1.3. Rhinoceros carries off man. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.4. R13.1.4. Abduction by tiger.

R13.1.4.1. R13.1.4.1. Tiger abducts man. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.4.2. R13.1.4.2. Abduction of woman by tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 142.

R13.1.4.2.1. R13.1.4.2.1. Tigers abduct princess to be wife of their human ward. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.5. R13.1.5. Wolf abducts person. Irish myth: *Cross.

R13.1.6. R13.1.6. Girl abducted by bear and made his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.7. R13.1.7. Abduction by monkey.

R13.1.7.1. R13.1.7.1. Girl carried off by monkeys. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.8. R13.1.8. Abduction by rabbit. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.9. R13.1.9. Abduction by leopard. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.10. R13.1.10. Abduction by elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.1.11. R13.1.11. Abduction by fox. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.2. R13.2. Abduction by domestic beast.

R13.2.1. R13.2.1. Girl carried off by ram. (Cf. R10.1.) Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bйlier”.

R13.2.2. R13.2.2. Bull carries off devil after he has tried to deceive God. (Cf. A60.) Dh I 35.

R13.2.3. R13.2.3. Abduction by cat. Irish myth: *Cross.

R13.2.3.1. R13.2.3.1. Abduction by goddess‘s cat. India: Thompson-Balys.

R13.3. R13.3. Person carried off by bird. German: Grimm No. 51; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 183, 201; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 79; Africa (Yoruba): Frobenius Atlantis X 222ff. No. 14.

R13.3.1. R13.3.1. Abduction by ravens. Irish myth: Cross.

R13.3.2. R13.3.2. Eagle carries off youth. Greek: Fox 240 (Ganymede); Japanese: Ikeda.

R13.4. R13.4. Abduction by reptile.

R13.4.1. R13.4.1. Abduction by snake. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R14. R14. Deity (demigod) abducts person. Greek: Grote I 35, 83, 261; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 183.

R16. R16. Abduction by transformed person.

R16.1. R16.1. Maiden abducted by transformed hero. (Cf. D658, D2121.7, R10.1.) *Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 112; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 425.

R16.2. R16.2. Child carried off by werwolf. (Cf. D113.1.1.) Hibbard 216.

R16.3. R16.3. Woman abducted by (transformed) fairy. Irish myth: *Cross.

R16.4. R16.4. Abduction by tiger-man. India: Thompson-Balys.

R16.5. R16.5. Abduction by elephant-man. India: Thompson-Balys.

R17. R17. Abduction by whirlwind. (Cf. D1520.28.) Hartland Science 175; Icelandic: Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 160 No. 23.

R17.1. R17.1. Whirlwind carries princess away. (Cf. R10.1.) *Fb “hvirvelvind” I 708.

R18. R18. Abduction by rejected suitor. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

R22. R22. Abduction by giving soporific. Irish myth: Cross.

R22.1. R22.1. Abduction by giving soporific and rolling up in a cloak. *Chauvin V 23 No. 13 n. 2.

R22.2. R22.2. Abduction by means of sleep-giving music. Irish myth: Cross.

R23. R23. Abduction with aid of magic mask which renders invisible. (Cf. D1361.32.) Irish myth: Cross.

R24. R24. Abductor in disguise. (Cf. K1310.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R24.1. R24.1. Prince disguised as holy man abducts princess. India: Thompson-Balys.

R24.2. R24.2. Princely suitor in minstrel disguise carries princess away. India: Thompson-Balys.

R25. R25. Abduction through underground passage.

R25.1. R25.1. Princess abducted through underground passage. (Cf. R10.1.) *Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 102; BP I 46ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

R31. R31. Light extinguished and woman stolen. (Cf. R10.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 343 n. 237.

R32. R32. Abduction by stealing clothes of bathers. Africa (Cameroon): Lederbogen Mдrchen II 122f. No. 9.

R33. R33. Fairy physician abducted to heal wounded mortals. (Cf. F344.) Irish myth: Cross.

R35. R35. Abducted princess gives birth to child. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R39. R39. Abduction--miscellaneous.

R39.1. R39.1. Abduction by magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

R39.2. R39.2. Abduction by old woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

R40. R40. Places of captivity. Missouri French: Carriиre.

R41. R41. Captivity in tower (castle, prison).

R41.1. R41.1. Captivity in castle. *Type 400; English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain); Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R41.1.1. R41.1.1. Captivity in subterranean palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

R41.2. R41.2. Captivity in tower. *Type 310; Dickson 198 n. 8; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 1, IV No. 6, Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R41.2.1. R41.2.1. Slandered wife is locked in tower for forty days. If no champion appears, she is to be burned. Former suitor rescues her. Spanish: Childers.

R41.2.2. R41.2.2. Captivity in bower. Irish myth: *Cross.

R41.3. R41.3. Captivity in dungeon. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 22 (Sir Beues of Hamtoun); Jewish: Neuman.

R41.3.1. R41.3.1. Prison filled with snakes. (Cf. Q465.1.) *Boje 92; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 436b nn. 183--198; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

R41.3.2. R41.3.2. Prison with stream of water in it. Boje 93.

R41.3.3. R41.3.3. Prison floor with spikes in it. Boje 91ff.

R41.3.4. R41.3.4. Captivity in well. India: Thompson-Balys.

R41.4. R41.4. Groom as prisoner in his and giantess‘s bridal chamber. (Cf. R41.5.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

R41.5. R41.5. Abducted princess fettered in hall with 100 doors. Bridal bed for her and giant in the midst. (Cf. R111.2.3.) Icelandic: Boberg.

R41.5.1. R41.5.1. Queen kept in palace of forty doors, each of them watched by a dog. Africa (Dahome): Einstein 25.

R41.6. R41.6. Captivity in a pillar. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

R41.7. R41.7. Captivity in cages. (Cf. Q433.1.) Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Jewish: Neuman.

R42. R42. Captivity in sunken valley. Irish myth: *Cross.

R43. R43. Captivity on island. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R45. R45. Captivity in mound (cave, hollow hill). *Type 870; *BP III 443ff., 450; *Fb “hцj” I 740b, 741; **Liungman Traditionsstudie цver sagan om prinsessan i jordkulan (Gцteborg, 1925). -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 54 No. 405*A; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

R45.1. R45.1. Man confined under roots of tree. N. A. Indian (Seneca): CurtinHewitt RBAE XXXII 705 No. 135.

R45.2. R45.2. Imprisonment in lion’s den. Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 5; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

R45.3. R45.3. Captivity in cave.

R45.3.1. R45.3.1. Bear keeps human wife captive in cave with stone at entrance. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R46. R46. Captivity under water. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R47. R47. Captivity in lower world. India: Thompson-Balys.

R49. R49. Other places of captivity.

R49.1. R49.1. Captivity in tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

R49.2. R49.2. Captivity in an oven. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

R49.3. R49.3. Ogre seizes girl and puts her in a drum. Africa (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 225.

R50. R50. Conditions of captivity.

R51. R51. Mistreatment of prisoners. Irish myth: Cross.

R51.1. R51.1. Prisoners starved. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

R51.2. R51.2. Prisoners confined in chains. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

R51.3. R51.3. Prisoners mutilated. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

R51.4. R51.4. Prisoner massacred. Jewish: Neuman.

R53. R53. Captivity as refuge for the captive. Type 870.

R53.1. R53.1. Woman hidden in underground chamber or mud cabin. (Cf. R45.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

R53.2. R53.2. Woman hidden in sacred place which her lover is not supposed to dare to enter. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R53.3. R53.3. Girl locked up in order to postpone wedding. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 306.

R53.4. R53.4. Faithful servant locks his master and his friend up in a little house built from wood from their wrecked ships; they falsely think themselves betrayed. Icelandic: Boberg.

R54. R54. Hero locked up while his father is murdered. Icelandic: Boberg.

R61. R61. Person sold into slavery. *Types 506, 888; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Fang): Einstein 151.

R70. R70. Behavior of captives. Irish myth: *Cross.

R71. R71. Captive prince joins captor out of gratitude for his freedom. (He had refused to promise that he would not fight again.) (Cf. W27.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R72. R72. Defiant prisoners refuse to accept grace even from their father unless it is granted them all. (Cf. M165.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II “Gnade ausbitten”; Icelandic: Boberg.

R74. R74. Defeated warriors go into the conqueror‘s service. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R74.1. R74.1. Defeated enemy turns conqueror‘s best friend. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R74.2. R74.2. Defeated enemy’s son turns conqueror‘s man. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R74.3. R74.3. Defeated enemy holds rank and country when he promises to pay tax to conqueror. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R74.3.1. R74.3.1. Imprisoned king’s son released when he promises to be a faithful subject and pay tax. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R75. R75. Surrendering.

R75.1. R75.1. Defeated surrender their city. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R75.2. R75.2. Warriors surrender after chief‘s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

R75.2.1. R75.2.1. Warriors flee after chief’s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

R81. R81. Woman suckles imprisoned relative through prison wall. **Kцhler-Bolte I 373, II 387; *Fb “datter” IV 94b; *DeCock Studien en Essays 23ff.; *Crane Vitry 232f. No. 238; *Oesterley No. 215; Herbert III 220; Alphabet No. 166; Scala Celi 39a No. 220; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 28.--Spanish: Keller, Espinosa II No. 17; Jewish: Neuman.

R81.1. R81.1. Woman suckles husband isolated on rock. Irish myth: Cross.

R82. R82. Captive sends secret message outside (in orange or on handkerchief). India: *Thompson-Balys.

R83. R83. Baker, disguised as old woman, substitutes for princess in cell when he brings bread to her. India: Thompson-Balys.

R84. R84. Prisoner‘s sustenance from outside prison. (Cf. R81.) Jewish: *Neuman.

R85. R85. Captive protected by angel from abductor. Jewish: *Neuman.

R100--R199.

R100--R199. Rescues.

R100. R100. Rescues.

R110. R110. Rescue of captive.

R110.1. R110.1. Goddess delivers and restores goods of man thrown into jail. India: Thompson-Balys.

R111. R111. Rescue of captive maiden. (Cf. H1385.1, R10.1.) *Sparnaay 45ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 550a nn. 219, 220, 554b; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “princesse”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 133--35, III Nos. 140, 143; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 334ff.

R111.0.1. R111.0.1. All man‘s property offered to rescuer of stolen daughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

R111.1. R111.1. Princess (maiden) rescued from captor. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R111.1.1. R111.1.1. Rescue of princess from ogre. See references to R11.1. Type 590; BP III 1; *Basset RTP III 562; English: Wells 64 (The Avowynge of King Arthur), 66 (Ywain and Gawain), 70 (Libeaus Disconus); Irish myth: *Cross: Spanish: Espinosa III No. 143; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 307, 359; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 341.

R111.1.2. R111.1.2. Princess rescued from robbers. *Types 506B, 970**; *BP III 490ff.; *Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R111.1.3. R111.1.3. Rescue of princess (maiden) from dragon. *Types 300, 303; *Hartland Perseus III 1--65 passim; **Ranke FFC CXIV; *BP I 534; *Loomis White Magic 119. See also references to B11.10 and B11.11. -- Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 133--135, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 68f.; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 158 n. 3; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

R111.1.4. R111.1.4. Rescue of princess (maiden) from giant (monster). (Cf. G100.) *Dickson 132 n. 106; *Brown Iwain 50 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 117 (Sir Torrent of Portyngale); Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

R111.1.5. R111.1.5. Rescue of woman from snake-husband. (Cf. B604.1.) Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 272 No. 85.

R111.1.6. R111.1.6. Princess ransomed from slavery. (Cf. R61.) *Type 506A; India: Thompson-Balys.

R111.1.6.1. R111.1.6.1. Queen rescued from slavery. Irish myth: Cross.

R111.1.7. R111.1.7. Rescue of princess (maiden) from magician. (Cf. D1711.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

R111.1.8. R111.1.8. Rescue of maidens from witches. (Cf. G200.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

R111.1.9. R111.1.9. Princess rescued from undesired suitor. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R111.1.10. R111.1.10. Rescue of princess (queen, maiden) from supernatural being who has won her at game of chance. Irish myth: *Cross.

R111.1.11. R111.1.11. Maiden rescued from rakshasa. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R111.1.12. R111.1.12. Princess rescued from captivity of elephant. India: Thompson-Balys.

R111.1.13. R111.1.13. Rescue of girl from tigers. Chinese: Graham.

R111.1.13.1. R111.1.13.1. Rescue of woman from bear’s cave. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

R111.2. R111.2. Princess rescued from place of captivity. India: Thompson-Balys.

R111.2.1. R111.2.1. Princess(es) rescued from lower world. *Type 301; *BP II 300; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 25; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II 133--135; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: Dixon 215.

R111.2.1.1. R111.2.1.1. Stolen woman rescued from lower world. India: Thompson-Balys.

R111.2.2. R111.2.2. Rescue of princess from mountain. *Type 530; *BP III 111; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 143, 144 (Siegfried and Brunhilde).

R111.2.3. R111.2.3. Princess rescued from giant‘s cave where she is fettered to a chair by the hair. (Cf. R41.5.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

R111.2.3.1. R111.2.3.1. Rescue of earl’s daughter from giant‘s cave where she is chained to the wall (a pillar). Icelandic: *Boberg.

R111.2.4. R111.2.4. Princess rescued from temple where she is imprisoned. Icelandic: Bуsa saga 30ff ch. 8, 114ff ch. 12, Boberg.

R111.2.5. R111.2.5. Girl rescued from tree. Chinese: Graham.

R111.3. R111.3. Means of rescuing princess.

R111.3.1. R111.3.1. Girl rescued by traveling through air. Jones PMLA XXIII 563; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R111.4. R111.4. Hero returns rescued princess to her betrothed. Type 506; BP III 490ff.

R111.5. R111.5. Nobleman rescues lady from treacherous servant. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R111.6. R111.6. Girl rescued and then abandoned. Types 300, 303; *Ranke FFC CXIV.

R111.7. R111.7. Joint rescuers quarrel over rescued princess. Type 653; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Konde): Gemuseus und Berger ZsES XXIII 1ff., (Tanga): Nassau JAFL XXVIII 30ff. No. 5, (Vai): Ellis 200f. No. 18.

R111.8. R111.8. Rescued person stolen from rescuer.

R111.8.1. R111.8.1. Rescued woman stolen from rescuer by demon. India: Thompson-Balys.

R111.8.2. R111.8.2. Rescued woman stolen from rescuer by other men. India: Thompson-Balys.

R112. R112. Magic rescue of prisoner from mound. (Cf. R45.) *Fb “hцj” I 740b; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa III No. 140; India: Thompson-Balys.

R112.1. R112.1. Three blasts on horn before sunrise to rescue prisoner from mound. *Fb “hцj” I 740b.

R112.2. R112.2. Riding three times around hill to free captive confined within. Fb “ride” III 52b.

R112.3. R112.3. Rescue of prisoners from fairy stronghold. Irish myth: *Cross.

R115. R115. King transformed to parrot frees captured parrots. (Cf. D641.) *Fischer-Bolte 209.

R115.1. R115.1. Husband transformed into mouse so he can enter cave-prison of his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

R116. R116. Rescue from robbers’ den. (Cf. R111.1.2.) *Type 851; BP I 188ff.; French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R117. R117. Rescue from being burned. (Cf. R175.) Icelandic: Lagerholm 117--18, *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

R121. R121. Means of rescue from prison.

R121.1. R121.1. Princess pulled through prison window by hand and freed. Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 280 No. 91, 283 No. 92.

R121.2. R121.2. Rescuer impersonates captive and deceives blind guardian while captive escapes. Mangaia (Cook Group): Dixon 75.

R121.3. R121.3. House burned (torn) down to deliver man imprisoned in it. *Chauvin VI 74 No. 239.

R121.4. R121.4. Ants carry silk threads to prisoner, who makes rope and escapes. They have thread tied to their feet. Fischer-Bolte 212.

R121.5. R121.5. Ariadne-thread. Prisoner given a thread as a clue to find his way out of the labyrinth in which he is being confined. *Herbert III 204; Oesterley No. 63; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 135 n. 3.

R121.6. R121.6. Rescue from prison by saint, who enters and breaks fetters. (Cf. R165.) Alphabet No. 436; *Loomis White Magic 89, 93; Icelandic: *Boberg.

R121.6.1. R121.6.1. Saint appears to captor in vision and demands prisoner‘s release. (Cf. R165.) Irish myth: Cross.

R121.6.2. R121.6.2. Locks marvelously open for person. Irish myth: Cross (F1088.4); Jewish: Neuman.

R121.7. R121.7. Lovers ransomed from prison. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R121.8. R121.8. Fairy mound destroyed to rescue person confined in it. Irish myth: *Cross.

R121.9. R121.9. Stream carries communication between prisoner and rescuer. Irish myth: Cross.

R121.10. R121.10. With her teeth woman files away chain tying up husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

R122. R122. Miraculous rescue. Irish myth: Cross.

R122.1. R122.1. Prisoner whirled away in blaze of fire. Irish myth: Cross.

R122.2. R122.2. Prisoner carried off in cloud. (Cf. D2121.7.) Irish myth: Cross.

R123. R123. Boon granted after prayer and widow’s son is released from prison. India: Thompson-Balys.

R130. R130. Rescue of abandoned or lost persons.

R131. R131. Exposed or abandoned child rescued. Gaster Oldest Stories 171; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 19, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 138--41; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R131.0.1. R131.0.1. Nurse begs alms from door to door so as to keep child and nurture him. India: Thompson-Balys.

R131.0.2. R131.0.2. Miraculous rescue of all exposed children. Jewish: Neuman.

R131.1. R131.1. Hunter rescues abandoned child. *Type 930; *Aarne FFC XXIII 56, 59; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 22 (Telephos), 57 (Atalanta).

R131.2. R131.2. Miller rescues abandoned child. *Types 707, 930; BP II 380ff.; *Aarne FFC XXIII 61; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 116.

R131.2.1. R131.2.1. Miller rescues drowning princess. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

R131.3. R131.3. Herdsman rescues abandoned child. (Cf. S351.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R131.3.1. R131.3.1. Shepherd rescues abandoned child. (Cf. N841.) *Type 930; Hartland Perseus III 3 ff.; *Aarne FFC XXIII 56ff.; Dickson 101, 170; *Nutt FLR IV 1ff. -- Roman: Fox 307 (Romulus and Remus); Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Longus Daphnis and Chloe, Fox 43 (Zethos and Amphion), 48 (Oedipus), 118 (Paris).

R131.3.2. R131.3.2. Goatherd rescues abandoned child. Greek: Fox 280.

R131.3.3. R131.3.3. Cowherd rescues abandoned child. Irish myth: *Cross; MacCulloch Celtic 74; English: Wells 20 (William of Palerne); Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 338 n. 1.

R131.3.3.1. R131.3.3.1. Person pushed into well by wife rescued by cowherd. India: Thompson-Balys.

R131.3.4. R131.3.4. Swineherd rescues abandoned child. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R131.4. R131.4. Fisher rescues abandoned child. *Types 707, 930; BP II 380ff.; *Boje 65, 126; *Aarne FFC XXIII 62; English: Wells 14 (The Lay of Havelok); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R131.5. R131.5. Servant rescues abandoned child. Irish myth: *Cross, Icelandic: Gunnlaugs saga Ormstungu ch. 3, Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R131.6. R131.6. Peasant rescues abandoned child. Icelandic: Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 139; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Babylonian: Spence 17, 157; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R131.7. R131.7. Merchant rescues abandoned child. (Cf. N851.) Dickson 104 n. 13; Jewish: *Neuman.

R131.8. R131.8. Other workmen rescue abandoned child.

R131.8.1. R131.8.1. Horse-keeper rescues abandoned child. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 82 n. 2.

R131.8.2. R131.8.2. Gardener rescues abandoned child. India: *Thompson-Balys; Palaung tribe: Scott Indo-Chinese 276.

R131.8.3. R131.8.3. Washerman rescues abandoned child. Palaung tribe: Scott Indo-Chinese 277.

R131.8.4. R131.8.4. Smith rescues abandoned child. (Cf. N855.) Krappe Balor 3; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 143.

R131.8.5. R131.8.5. Forester rescues abandoned child. *Boje 125ff.; Sparnaay 43; Chinese: Ferguson 41.

R131.8.6. R131.8.6. Potter rescues abandoned child(ren). India: *Thompson-Balys.

R131.8.7. R131.8.7. Gold-washer rescues abandoned child. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R131.8.8. R131.8.8. Barber rescues and befriends abandoned boy. India: Thompson-Balys.

R131.9. R131.9. Porter rescues abandoned child. English: Wells 126 (Lai Le Freine).

R131.10. R131.10. Hermit rescues abandoned child. (Cf. N843, R169.2.) English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne); Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R131.10.1. R131.10.1. Woman disguised as hermit rescues abandoned child. (Cf. K1837.3.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R131.11. R131.11. Exalted person rescues abandoned child. Dickson 170.

R131.11.1. R131.11.1. Princess rescues abandoned child. Sparnaay 33; Dickson 37, 170; Jewish: *Neuman; China: Eberhard FFC CXX 99ff. No. 58, FFC CXXVIII 76f. No. 34.

R131.11.2. R131.11.2. King rescues abandoned child. Dickson 170 n. 24; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R131.11.3. R131.11.3. Prince rescues abandoned child. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 8.

R131.11.4. R131.11.4. Deity rescues abandoned child. India: Thompson-Balys.

R131.11.5. R131.11.5. Minister’s son recovers prince‘s lost wife for him. India: Thompson-Balys.

R131.12. R131.12. Fairy rescues abandoned child. (Cf. F311.) Krappe Balor 3; Irish myth: Cross.

R131.13. R131.13. Palmer rescues abandoned child. (Cf. N846.1.) English: Wells 118 *(Octovian).

R131.14. R131.14. Sailors rescue abandoned child. Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2.

R131.15. R131.15. Children abandoned in a boat survive storm and are rescued. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R131.16. R131.16. Angel rescues abandoned child. Jewish: Neuman.

R131.17. R131.17. Coyote rescues abandoned child(ren). N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 89.

R131.18. R131.18. Pious woman rescues abandoned child. Irish myth: Cross.

R131.19. R131.19. Bard (poet) rescues abandoned child. Irish myth: *Cross.

R131.20. R131.20. Indians rescue abandoned children. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

R133. R133. Vanished wife rescued.

R133.1. R133.1. Hero finds his vanished wife and disenchants her. India: Thompson-Balys.

R133.2. R133.2. Lost wife restored by conjurer. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 246.

R135. R135. Abandoned children (wife, etc.) find way back by clue (bread-crumb, grain, pebble, etc.). They have dropped the objects while being led away. *Types 327, 431, 620, 955; *BP I 115ff., 124, 370; Kцhler-Bolte I 134; *Penzer III 104 n. 2; Fb “жrt” III 1153b, “gryn” IV 187a; *Saintyves Perrault 310. -- Irish myth: Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 8; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: *Dixon 227 n. 35, DeVries’s list No. 147; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 442; Lkuсgen: Hill-Tout JAI XXXVII 334; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 145; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 120.

R135.0.1. R135.0.1. Stolen wife makes trail of speaking spittle for husband. Spittle speaks and directs him. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 263 No. 67.

R135.0.2. R135.0.2. Trail of grain (seeds). (Cf. R267.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

R135.0.2.1. R135.0.2.1. Trail of rice husks. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R135.0.3. R135.0.3. Trail of jewels. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R135.0.4. R135.0.4. Trail of shreds of dress. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R135.0.5. R135.0.5. Trail of thread. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R135.0.6. R135.0.6. Trail of ashes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R135.0.7. R135.0.7. Trail of flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

R135.1. R135.1. Crumb (grain) trail eaten by birds. Lost persons cannot find way back. *Types 327, 431; Missouri French: Carriиre; Japanese: Ikeda.

R135.1.1. R135.1.1. Feathers left to mark trail blown away by wind. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 145.

R137. R137. Mermaid rescues heroine who has been thrown overboard. (Cf. B81.) Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7; India: Thompson-Balys.

R138. R138. Rescue from shipwreck. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

R138.1. R138.1. Mermaid rescues hero (boy) from shipwreck. Icelandic: Lagerholm 164f., Boberg.

R138.2. R138.2. Gam rescues hero as boy from shipwreck. Icelandic: Lagerholm 163--164.

R141. R141. Rescue from well. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R142. R142. Exposed children swallowed by earth; vomited up when grown. (Cf. F900.) Jewish: Neuman.

R143. R143. Abandoned man befriended by a Centaur. (Cf. B21.) Greek: Grote I 109.

R150. R150. Rescuers. Missouri French: Carriиre.

R151. R151. Husband rescues wife. Irish myth: Cross.

R151.1. R151.1. Husband rescues stolen wife. (Cf. H1385.3, R11.1.) Krappe Revue Celtique XLVIII (1931) 94--123; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 46 No. 316; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 342 n. 235; Africa (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 399 No. 1.

R151.1.1. R151.1.1. Husband frees wife who has sold herself into slavery in order to ransom him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R151.2. R151.2. Husband rescues wife from burning at stake. (Cf. R175.) *Dickson 78.

R151.3. R151.3. Husband rescues wife from cannibal. (Cf. G10.) Chinese: Graham.

R152. R152. Wife rescues husband. Type 316; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Grote I 462f.; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R152.1. R152.1. Disguised wife helps husband escape from prison. (Cf. R121.) *Types 880, 888, 890; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; West Indies: Flowers 521.

R152.2. R152.2. Woman disguised as man sells herself into slavery in order to ransom (free) her husband (lover). (Cf. K1837.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R152.3. R152.3. Wives change clothes with their imprisoned husbands when allowed to visit them. Husbands escape. Greek: Grote I 463.

R152.4. R152.4. Wife gets back her husband from land of serpents by charming him with her beautiful dance. India: Thompson-Balys.

R152.5. R152.5. Transformed wife takes husband out of captivity. India: Thompson-Balys.

R153. R153. Parents rescues child. (Cf. S351.)

R153.1. R153.1. Parents rescue son.

R153.1.1. R153.1.1. Parents rescue son from lower world on rope. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 86 No. 13.

R153.2. R153.2. Father rescues children.

R153.2.1. R153.2.1. Father hides children from murderous mother. After many years they come forth and she dies of fright. *Type 765.

R153.3. R153.3. Father rescues son(s). Icelandic: Lagerholm 170ff., *Boberg.

R153.3.1. R153.3.1. Father rescues son captured by enemy. Type 899*; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

R153.3.2. R153.3.2. Father rescues son stolen by animals. Africa (Bushmen, South of Zambesi): Theal 56.

R153.3.3. R153.3.3. Old robber frees his three sons: relates frightful adventures. In order to free them he must relate three adventures, each more frightful than the last. *Type 953; *BP III 369; Wesselski Mдrchen 217 No. 29.

R153.3.4. R153.3.4. Father rescues son from prison. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R153.3.5. R153.3.5. Fathers thrust sons above water even as they themselves drown. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

R153.3.6. R153.3.6. Father hides son from Satan. Jewish: Neuman.

R153.4. R153.4. Mother rescues son.

R153.4.1. R153.4.1. Mother rescues fettered son. Icelandic: Boberg.

R153.4.2. R153.4.2. Mother hides twin (triplet) sons to keep them from death. (Cf. S314.) Africa (Fang): Tessman 90, Einstein 56.

R153.5. R153.5. Father rescues daughter. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Lagerholm 134ff., *Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 85, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 584, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 164.

R154. R154. Children rescue parents. India: Thompson-Balys.

R154.0.1. R154.0.1. Children rescue mother from lion’s den. Dickson 57 n. 75.

R154.1. R154.1. Son rescues mother. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 207.

R154.1.1. R154.1.1. Son rescues mother from burning at stake. (Cf. R175.) *Dickson 128ff. nn. 98, 99.

R154.2. R154.2. Son rescues father. Type 301C*; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R154.2.1. R154.2.1. Son frees father by bringing riddle the king cannot solve. (Cf. H542.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 112 No. 927*B.

R154.2.2. R154.2.2. Son recovers father‘s bones. Hawaii: Beckwith myth 259, 263, 346f.; Tahiti: ibid. 266; Maori: ibid. *249.

R154.2.3. R154.2.3. Sons rescue father. India: Thompson-Balys.

R154.3. R154.3. Daughter rescues father. Rumania: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 879*; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

R155. R155. Brothers rescue brothers. Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

R155.1. R155.1. Youngest brother rescues his elder brothers. (Cf. L31.) *Types 303, 303*, 327**, 471, 551; MacCulloch Childhood 353; *BP I 503ff., 528ff.-- Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Arabian: Burton Nights S V 249; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 182; N. A. Indian (Arapaho): Dorsey and Kroeber FM V 23ff. Nos. 10, 11, (Dakota): Wissler JAFL XX 199, (Chinook): Boas BBAE XXV 9ff. Nos. 1, 2, (Quinault): Farrand JE II 114 No. 10, (Caddo): Dorsey CI XLI 58ff. Nos. 32, 33, (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 7; Africa (Thonga): Junod 229, (Fjort): Dennett 64 No. 12.

R155.2. R155.2. Elder brother rescues younger. India: Thompson-Balys.

R156. R156. Brother rescues sister(s). (Cf. G551.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 18; Greek: Grote I 156; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

R157. R157. Sisters rescue sisters. (Cf. G551.2.)

R157.1. R157.1. Youngest sister rescues elder. (Cf. L50.) *Type 311; *BP I 398ff.; *Roberts 219.

R158. R158. Sister rescues brother(s). *Type 707; Icelandic: *Boberg; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVII No. 879*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R161. R161. Lover rescues his lady. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; West Indies: Flowers 571.

R161.0.1. R161.0.1. Hero rescued by his lady. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

R161.1. R161.1. Lover rescues his lady from abductor. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem); India: Thompson-Balys.

R161.2. R161.2. Princess rescued by blind man restores his sight and marries him. India: Thompson-Balys.

R161.3. R161.3. Lover rescues his lady from drowning. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R161.4. R161.4. Lover rescues his lady from the gallows. England, U.S.: *Baughman, Child No. 95.

R162. R162. Rescue by captor‘s daughter (wife, mother). Types 516, 975**; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 102; *Loomis White Magic 117; Basset RTP XVI 614; Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells 85 (The Sowdone of Babylone); Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 135 n. 3 (Ariadne); India: *Thompson-Balys.

R163. R163. Rescue by grateful dead man. (Cf. E341.) *Types 505--508; **Liljeblad passim; India: Thompson-Balys.

R164. R164. Rescue by giant. (Cf. G100.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R164.1. R164.1. Giant rescues maiden. Dickson 154.

R164.2. R164.2. Giant rescues woman from burning at stake. (Cf. R175.) *Dickson 130 n. 102.

R165. R165. Rescue by saint (holy man). (Cf. R121.6.) Alphabet No. 560; *Loomis White Magic 93; Irish: Plummer cxlix, *Cross.

R165.1. R165.1. Rescue of poor girl by St. Nicholas. Saint keeps her from being sold into slavery. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

R165.2. R165.2. Innocently hanged person saved by saint. Icelandic: Boberg.

R165.3. R165.3. Abducted wife brought back by fakir. India: Thompson-Balys.

R166. R166. Brothers having extraordinary skill rescue princess. *Type 653; BP III 45ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte I 198, 439; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 7; Japanese: Ikeda.

R167. R167. Master rescues disciple. India: Thompson-Balys.

R168. R168. Angels as rescuers. Irish myth: Cross (R169.12); Jewish: *Neuman.

R169. R169. Other rescuers.

R169.1. R169.1. Hero in disguise of foolish knight, then of black knight, rescues lady. (Cf. R222.) English: Wells 147 (Ipomadon).

R169.2. R169.2. Boys rescued from beasts by hermit. (Cf. N843, R131.10.) Dickson 105.

R169.3. R169.3. Boy saved by werwolf. (Cf. D113.1.1.) English: Wells 19 (William of Palerne).

R169.4. R169.4. Hero rescued by servant. (Cf. P361, R53.4.) *Type 519, 851; India: Thompson-Balys.

R169.4.1. R169.4.1. Rescue of bride from mysterious perils by hidden faithful servant. Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 128; India: *Thompson-Balys.

R169.4.2. R169.4.2. Rescue of king’s children by faithful servant. Icelandic: Boberg.

R169.5. R169.5. Hero rescued by friend. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R169.5.1. R169.5.1. Hero‘s wife rescued by his faithful friend. India: Thompson-Balys.

R169.6. R169.6. Youth saved from death sentence by father’s friend. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R169.7. R169.7. Royal minister rescues abandoned queen(s). (Cf. P110.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R169.8. R169.8. Predestined rescuer. South Africa: Bourhill and Drake 237ff. No. 20.

R169.9. R169.9. Boy rescued by childless woman. Africa (Fang): Tessman 91.

R169.10. R169.10. Unpromising hero as rescuer. (Cf. L100.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R169.10.1. R169.10.1. Fool rescues girl and wins her for his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

R169.11. R169.11. Unknown helper(s) emerge(s) in the last moment and turn(s) out later to be well known. (Cf. R222.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

R169.12. R169.12. Hero rescued by sailors. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

R169.13. R169.13. Child rescued by nurse. Irish myth: *Cross.

R169.14. R169.14. Wounded hero restored in peasant‘s house. Icelandic: Boberg.

R169.15. R169.15. Rescue by stranger. India: Thompson-Balys.

R169.16. R169.16. Death as rescuer. (Cf. R185.) Africa (Dahomй): Einstein 27.

R170. R170. Rescue--miscellaneous motifs.

R175. R175. Rescue at the stake. (Cf. R151.2, R154.1.1, R164.2, R215.) *Dickson 78 n. 40; *Boje 116ff.; English: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne); Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 572.

R175.1. R175.1. Escape from sacrificial altar on ram with golden fleece. Greek: Grote I 117.

R176. R176. Executioner miraculously blinded: condemned man saved. Jewish: *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 39, 361, Neuman.

R181. R181. Demon enclosed in bottle released. *Type 331; *BP II 414ff., IV 321; Jewish: Neuman, **Levi Revue des Йtudes Juives LXXXV 137; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

R181.1. R181.1. Demon imprisoned in tree released. India: Thompson-Balys.

R182. R182. True rescuer hidden by girl when he arrives to claim her. India: Thompson-Balys.

R185. R185. Mortal fights with “Death”. (Cf. R169.16.) *BP III 293; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 92 n. 3, Fox 38, 107 (Alcestis, Sisyphus); India: Thompson-Balys.

R185.1. R185.1. Mortal deceives Angel of Death. (Cf. V233.) Jewish: Neuman.

R187. R187. Horn of Roncevalles. Hero calls aid of waiting soldiers on horn. *Thien Motive 32; Old French: Chanson de Roland.

R187.1. R187.1. Dord fнan. A call used by members of a fнan (warrior band) for summoning aid. Irish myth: Cross.

R188. R188. Rescued person horrifies rescuers: e.g., they swoon on seeing him. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 2. and note.

R191. R191. King (prince) returns home (from exile) and rescues his native country. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R200--R299.

R200--R299. Escapes and pursuits.

R200. R200. Escapes and pursuits.

R210. R210. Escapes. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

R211. R211. Escape from prison. Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre.

R211.1. R211.1. Giant breaks from tower prison. Dickson 130 n. 102; Japanese: Ikeda.

R211.2. R211.2. Captive bores way out of prison. Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 98; Korean: Zong in-Sob 174 No. 75.

R211.3. R211.3. Escape through underground passage. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 7.

R211.4. R211.4. Escape from slavery (pirates). (Cf. R61.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R211.5. R211.5. Captive hews through iron prison with sword. Irish myth: Cross.

R211.6. R211.6. Captive knocks prison roof off. (Cf. F627.) Irish myth: *Cross.

R211.7. R211.7. Escape from pit of snakes by means of rope. (Cf. Q465, R41.3.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

R211.8. R211.8. Rescue from prison by beheading giant keeper. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

R211.9. R211.9. Escape from prison because of bribed guards. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 355.

R212. R212. Escape from grave.

R212.1. R212.1. Man buried alive with king escapes from the tomb. Follows noise made by sea animal and finds way out to sea. Chauvin VII 19 No. 373D n. 3.

R212.1.1. R212.1.1. Man buried alive escapes from tomb when thief tries to rob it. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R212.1.2. R212.1.2. Captive buried alive to his neck fastens his teeth on jackal that comes to eat him and companions. Rest flee when they hear him howl. In struggles to get free jackal loosens earth around captive, who manages to free himself. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 570.

R212.2. R212.2. Man buried alive with beloved escapes, as thieves break open the tomb. Icelandic: Boberg.

R213. R213. Escape from home.

R213.1. R213.1. Prince escapes from home in order to see world. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R214. R214. Animal eludes bird watchman and escapes from his hole. Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 112.

R215. R215. Escape from execution.

R215.1. R215.1. Escape from execution pyre by means of wings. *Type 575.

R215.1.2. R215.1.2. Escape from execution pyre through underground passage. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 600b. nn. 17--18.

R215.2. R215.2. Escape from death by boiling oil. Irish myth: Cross.

R215.3. R215.3. Escape from execution on flying wooden horse. (Cf. D1626.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 839.

R216. R216. Escape from ship while captors quarrel. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

R216.1. R216.1. Escape from ship by jumping into the sea. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R217. R217. Inscription accidentally seen tells hero how to escape captivity. Africa (Swahili): Steere 331ff.

R218. R218. Escape from fairyland. (Cf. F210.) Irish myth: *Cross.

R219. R219. Escapes--miscellaneous.

R219.1. R219.1. Man carried off on bed escapes by grasping tree limbs as he passes under tree. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R219.2. R219.2. Man and wife escape from land of dead upon a vine. (Cf. E481.) Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 185.

R220. R220. Flights. India: Thompson-Balys.

R221. R221. Heroine’s three-fold flight from ball. Cinderella (Cap o‘ Rushes) after meeting the prince at a ball (church) flees before identification is possible. Repeated three times. *Type 510; **Cox 1--121, 437--446 passim; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 123f.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; India: Thompson-Balys.

R222. R222. Unknown knight. (Three days‘ tournament.) For three days in succession an unknown knight in different armor wins a tournament and escapes without recognition. Finally identified by tokens. **Weston The Three Days Tournament; *Types 314, 502; *BP III 111; *Child V 44ff.; *Webster Kittredge Memorial Volume 227; Bruce MLN XXIV 257; *Hibbard 226 n. 2; *Fb “hest” I 598a; Zs. f. Vksk. IV 98; RTP VIII 82. -- English: Wells 48 (Lancelot of the Laik), 147 (Ipomadon); Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 349ff., 407, (Wichita): Dorsey JAFL XVI 160, (Skidi Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VIII Nos. 40, 41.

R224. R224. Girl flees to escape incestuous brother. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R225. R225. Elopement. *Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 106; *Thien Motive 27; *Boje 110ff.; *Krappe Revue Hispanique LXXVIII (1930) 489--543. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus II 174 n. 1 (Helen); India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 860.

R225.1. R225.1. Elopement on winged horse. Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 110.

R225.2. R225.2. Lovers elope to prevent girl‘s marriage to undesired fiancй. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 98.

R227. R227. Wife flees from husband. (Cf. P210, T200.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R227.1. R227.1. Wife flees from animal husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

R227.2. R227.2. Flight from hated husband. Irish myth: *Cross.

R227.3. R227.3. Supernatural wife finds garment stolen from her by husband and leaves him. India: Thompson-Balys.

R228. R228. Children leave home because their parents refuse them food. Irish myth: Cross.

R231. R231. Obstacle flight--Atalanta type. Objects are thrown back which the pursuer stops to pick up while the fugitive escapes. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 526; Kцhler-Bolte I 430; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 122--25; Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Absyrtos”; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 860; Japanese: Anesaki 224; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 342 n. 232; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 74; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 99 No. 18, 125 No. 22, (Zulu): Callaway 145, (Angola): Chatelain 101 No. 6, (Kaffir): Theal 46 No. 2, (Yoruba): Ellis 269 No. 4.

R231.1. R231.1. Ogre tries to retain fugitive by tempting him with gold ring; but he takes ring by cutting off the hand. Icelandic: Boberg.

R231.2. R231.2. Fugitive cuts tail of camel caught by pursuer and it turns into grass. India: Thompson-Balys.

R231.2.1. R231.2.1. Helpful animal’s tail cut off so pursuers who hang onto tail are shaken off into river. India: Thompson-Balys.

R233. R233. Fugitive kills pursuer and takes his extraordinary horse to continue flight. Boje 96ff.

R235. R235. Fugitives cut support of bridge so that pursuer falls. Indonesia: Dixon 229.

R236. R236. Pursuers aided by magic weather phenomenon. Jewish: *Neuman.

R236.1. R236.1. Fugitive aided by magic mist. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

R236.2. R236.2. Sun sets at high noon to hide fugitive. (Cf. F965.) Jewish: *Neuman.

R236.3. R236.3. Earthquake saves fugitive. Jewish: Neuman.

R236.4. R236.4. Fugitive has magic wind against him, pursuer with him (caused by goddess). Icelandic: Boberg.

R241. R241. Flight on skis; two on one pair. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R242. R242. Flight carrying friend (girl) on back. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R243. R243. Fugitives aided by helpful animal. (Cf. B520.)

R243.1. R243.1. Pursuer misdirected by animal to help fugitive. India: Thompson-Balys.

R244. R244. Ships burned to prevent flight. Icelandic: Boberg.

R245. R245. Whale-boat. A man is carried across the water on a whale (fish). (He usually deceives the whale as to the nearness of the land or as to hearing thunder. As a consequence the whale runs into the shore or is killed by lightning.) *Loomis White Magic 91; cf. Aarne FFC XXIII 137; Maori: Dixon 8; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 179; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 256f. Nos. 38, 39, 275 No. 86; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 310 n. 1.

R245.1. R245.1. Crocodile-boat. Trickster props his jaws apart and leaves him. India: Thompson-Balys.

R245.2. R245.2. Snake king takes fleeing captives across river. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 785.

R246. R246. Crane-bridge. Fugitives are helped across a stream by a crane who lets them cross on his leg. The pursuer is either refused assistance or drowned by the crane. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 340 n. 227.

R246.1. R246.1. Stone bridge appears for fugitives. Disappears and drowns pursuers. Loomis White Magic 130.

R251. R251. Flight on a tree, which ogre tries to cut down. **Parsons Zs. f. Ethnologie LIV 1-29; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIII--XXXIV 38; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 9 No. 3; Africa (Togo): Einstein 12f.; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 121 n. 3, 125, 131f.; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 91 No. 12. Cf. Thompson Tales 341 n. 230. Most African references in B421.

R252. R252. Flight by vaulting on stick. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 92.

R253. R253. Escape from nest of giant bird by seizing two young birds and jumping. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 201.

R255. R255. Formula for girl fleeing: behind me night, etc. “Behind me night and before me day that no one shall see where I go.” *Type 510B; *BP II 46; Ainu: Ikeda (Type 175).

R257. R257. Fugitives sustain selves on apples. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 90b no. 3.

R260. R260. Pursuits. Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

R261. R261. Pursuit by rolling object.

R261.1. R261.1. Pursuit by rolling head. *Kittredge Gawain and the Green Knight 189 n. 1; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 343 nn. 238, 238a, *Alexander N. A. Myth. 290 n. 37; cf. JAFL II 69; (California): Gayton and Newman 79; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Chaco, Warrau, Shipaya): Lowie ibid. 54f., (Tenetehara): Wagley-Galvao ibid. 148; Africa (Congo): Weeks 207 n. 4.

R262. R262. Magic eel pursues man over land. Irish myth: Cross.

R265. R265. Pursuer (witch, giant) pulls out tail of fugitive‘s horse. Fb “hale” IV 197b; cf. Burns “Tam O’ Shanter”; India: Thompson-Balys.

R267. R267. Fugitives trailed by mustard seeds (ashes) dropped from bag. (Cf. R135.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 127ff.

R268. R268. Dew in footprints reveals man‘s way. Icelandic: *Boberg.

R271. R271. Pursuit by fire. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 82.

R272. R272. Pursuer follows successive night campfires (each brighter than last). Chinese: Graham.

R300--R399.

R300--R399. Refuges and recapture.

R300. R300. Refuges and recapture.

R310. R310. Refuges. *Encyc. Rel. & Ethics s.v. “Asylum”.

R311. R311. Tree refuge. Type 162*; *Fb “trж” III 865a; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 199a; BP I 429, II 195f.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “arbres”; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 341 n. 230; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 62; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 145, 346.

R311.1. R311.1. Trees magically hide a fugitive. Dh II 40ff.; N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 225.

R311.1.1. R311.1.1. Thorn-brake as refuge. Irish myth: Cross.

R311.2. R311.2. King escapes pursuers through hollow tree in his hall. Icelandic: Boberg.

R311.3. R311.3. Stolen child found in hollow tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

R311.4. R311.4. Stretching tree refuge for fugitive. (Cf. D482.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

R312. R312. Forest as refuge.

R312.1. R312.1. Forest as refuge of eloping lovers. (Cf. R225.) Schoepperle 391ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

R313. R313. Princess hides in straw. *Fb “halmstrе” I 540.

R314. R314. Negro takes refuge under princess’s throne. Malone PMLA XLIII 407.

R315. R315. Cave as refuge. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo, (Greenland): Rasmussen I 150.

R315.1. R315.1. Cave as eloping lovers‘ refuge. (Cf. R225, T35.) Schoepperle 391ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

R315.2. R315.2. Christians crushed in cave where they take refuge from heathen. Icelandic: Boberg.

R316. R316. Refuge on rock in sea. Finnish: Kalevala rune 4.

R316.1. R316.1. Refuge on island. Icelandic: Boberg.

R317. R317. Well (spring) as refuge. Fb “kilde” II 118b; Irish myth: Cross; Africa (Benga): Nassau 225 No. 33, (Kaffir): Theal 129, (Basuto): Jacottet 160 No. 23.

R318. R318. Girl hidden in skin of her dead mother. Kцhler-Bolte I 346.

R318.1. R318.1. Boy hidden under skin in order not to be seen and prophesied about. Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 12--13.

R321. R321. Escape to the stars. Fugitives rise in the air and become stars. (Cf. R324.) Greek: Fox 250; Hindu: Keith 76; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 218 No. 98; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 360; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 291f. nn. 71, 71a; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158, 164, (Jivaro): ibid. 149.

R321.1. R321.1. Sister escapes to the stars to avoid marrying brother. He is the thunder and her face is Lightning. India: Thompson-Balys.

R321.2. R321.2. Escape to moon. Pursued hero escapes to moon. India: Thompson-Balys.

R322. R322. Eagle’s nest as refuge. Scottish: Campbell-McKay 1 n., 25; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 95.

R323. R323. Refuge in upper world.

R323.1. R323.1. Murderer escapes to sky on sky rope. (Cf. F51.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R323.2. R323.2. Murderer escapes to sky in magic chariot. Greek: Euripides‘ Medea.

R324. R324. Refuge in air. Fugitive supernaturally rises in air to escape. (Cf. R321.) India: Thompson-Balys.

R324.1. R324.1. Escape from battle by flying in air. Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 81, 86, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 315, 541f., (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 151, (Greenland): Rasmussen III 99f., Rink 320, 455, 460.

R325. R325. Church (altar) as refuge. Fb “kirke” II 125b; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 276 n. 4; Jewish: *Neuman; Gaster Thespis 303f.; Japanese: Ikeda.

R325.1. R325.1. Devil chases ghost of wicked man until he puts his head into chapel window. (Cf. E754.) England: *Baughman.

R325.2. R325.2. Idol cracks open to grant refuge to fugitive in answer to prayer; then closes again. India: Thompson-Balys.

R325.3. R325.3. Saint offers murderer refuge. Irish myth: Cross.

R326. R326. Escape to fairyland. (Cf. F210.) Irish myth: *Cross.

R327. R327. Earth opens to rescue fugitive. India: *Thompson-Balys.

R331. R331. Hero takes refuge at king’s court. *Dickson 143 nn. 140--42; Deutschbein 34; *Boje 74ff.

R335. R335. Roof as refuge for pursued animals. West Indies: *Flowers 573 --75, Parsons MAFLS XVIII (3) 26 No. 6.

R336. R336. Refuge under kettle. Icelandic: Boberg.

R341. R341. Escape by intervention of Providence. (Cf. F942.1.)

R341.1. R341.1. Lightning strikes branch on which man is being hanged. Delay gives him chance to prove his innocence. (Cf. R175.) U.S.: *Baughman.

R345. R345. Cities of refuge. Jewish: *Neuman.

R350. R350. Recapture of fugitive.

R351. R351. Fugitive discovered by reflection in water. *Type 408; *Cox 503; *Cosquin Contes indiens 85ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte I 281; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 64 to Gonzenbach No. 14; Malone PMLA XLIII 399.--India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 212, Dixon 140 n. 21, 226 n. 33; New Hebrides, Torres Straits, New Guinea: ibid. 140 n. 21; Melanesia: ibid. 226 n. 33; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 270.

R351.1. R351.1. Milk drops from woman’s breast on tiger‘s leg and reveals her hiding place in tree. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 156, 161.

R352. R352. Lovers fleeing from slavery are recaptured. (Cf. R211.4.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

R355. R355. Eloping girl recaptured by parents. (Cf. R225.) Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 111.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Unnatural Cruelty

S. UNNATURAL CRUELTY

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

S0--S99. Cruel relatives

S0. Cruel relatives

S10. Cruel parents

S20. Cruel children and grandchildren

S30. Cruel step- and foster relatives

S40. Cruel grandparents

S50. Cruel relatives-in-law

S60. Cruel spouse

S70. Other cruel relatives

S100--S199. Revolting murders or mutilations

S100. Revolting murders or mutilations

S110. Murders

S140. Cruel abandonments and exposures

S160. Mutilations

S180. Wounding or torturing

S200--S299. Cruel sacrifices

S200. Cruel sacrifices

S210. Children sold or promised

S220. Reasons for promise (sale) of child

S240. Children unwittingly promised (sold)

S250. Saving the promised child

S260. Sacrifices

S300--S399. Abandoned or murdered children

S300. Abandoned or murdered children

S310. Reasons for abandonment of children

S330. Circumstances of murder or exposure of children

S350. Fate of abandoned child

S400--S499. Cruel persecutions

S400. Cruel persecutions

S410. Persecuted wife

S430. Disposal of cast-off wife

S450. Fate of outcast wife

S460. Other cruel persecutions

S.

S. UNNATURAL CRUELTY

S. S. Unnatural cruelty.

S0--S99.

S0--S99. Cruel relatives.

S0. S0. Cruel relative.

S10. S10. Cruel parents. *Types 327AB, 517, 832; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys. See also S300--S399, Abandoned or murdered children, and many of the motifs in S200--S299, Cruel sacrifices.

S11. S11. Cruel father. *Types 451, 516, 671, 706, 725, 870; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 120; *Schlauch Constance and other accused Queens 40; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 326 n. 177.

S11.1. S11.1. Father mutilates children. (Cf. S160.) *Type 706; Greek: Fox 74 (Phineus).

S11.2. S11.2. Jealous father sends son to upper world on stretching tree. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 199; Africa (Benga): Nassau 176 No. 23.

S11.3. S11.3. Father kills child.

S11.3.1. S11.3.1. Man who doubts his children’s paternity kills them. Murders wife and paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S11.3.2. S11.3.2. Father kills deformed children. (Cf. S325.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

S11.3.3. S11.3.3. Father kills son. India: Thompson-Balys.

S11.3.3.1. S11.3.3.1. Father kills son (for stealing). Irish myth: *Cross.

S11.3.3.2. S11.3.3.2. Father murders his two sons for whining. Tonga: Gifford 24.

S11.3.4. S11.3.4. Cruel father, learning that he is to be killed by his son, puts to death all children born to him. (Cf. M375.) Irish myth: Cross.

S11.3.5. S11.3.5. Cruel king slays brother and brother‘s son. Irish myth: *Cross.

S11.3.6. S11.3.6. Father throws boy into river (sea). Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 407, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 20 No. 3, (Fang): Tessman 91.

S11.3.7. S11.3.7. Father orders son assassinated. (Cf. K512.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 529; Africa (Fang): Tessman 92.

S11.3.8. S11.3.8. Father eats own children. (Cf. G10.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 920; Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 108, 365.

S11.4. S11.4. Father plans child’s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

S11.4.1. S11.4.1. Jealous father vows to kill daughter‘s suitors. Irish myth: *Cross.

S11.4.2. S11.4.2. Father kisses son while planning to kill him. Icelandic: Boberg.

S11.4.3. S11.4.3. Cruel fathers threaten to kill their children if they are of undesirable sex. India: Thompson-Balys.

S11.4.4. S11.4.4. Cruel father seeks to kill infant son. Irish myth: *Cross.

S11.5. S11.5. Father banishes son at request of fairy wife. (Cf. F302, S322.4.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

S11.6. S11.6. Father flogs child. India: Thompson-Balys.

S12. S12. Cruel mother. *Types 511, 590, 706, 765, 781; *BP I 551, III 2; *Boje 62f.; *Child V 475 s.v. “Cruel”. -- Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “mиre”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 115, 148f., Espinosa II Nos. 115f.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Eskimo: Rink 389, Kroeber JAFL XII 181; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 76 No. 12, 168 No. 24, 190 No. 28, (Angola): Chatelain 30 No. 1.

S12.1. S12.1. Treacherous mother marries ogre and plots against son. *Type 590; *BP III 1; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl. II 392.

S12.1.1. S12.1.1. Treacherous mother and paramour plan son’s death. India: Thompson-Balys.

S12.2. S12.2. Cruel mother kills child. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 139, 151, 157; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S12.2.1. S12.2.1. Mother feeds newly-born illegitimate child to dog. (Cf. S312.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S12.2.2. S12.2.2. Mother throws children into fire. Jewish: *Neuman.

S12.2.3. S12.2.3. Mother forces child to break eating tabu: child dies. Africa (Fang): Tessman 162.

S12.3. S12.3. Mother orders son‘s death. Icelandic: Vцlsunga saga ch. 6--8, 40 (38), 43 (41); Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

S12.4. S12.4. Cruel mother blinds son. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 99, Rasmussen I 312, III 201, Holm 31.

S12.5. S12.5. Cruel mother expels (drives away) child. India: Thompson-Balys.

S12.5.1. S12.5.1. Girl impregnated by god driven from home by mother. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 164.

S12.6. S12.6. Cruel mother refuses children food. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 625, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 168; Cook Islands: Clark 77.

S12.7. S12.7. Mother tells healthy sons to wipe soiled hands on lame son. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 79.

S20. S20. Cruel children and grandchildren.

S20.1. S20.1. Children sell mother. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 340.

S20.2. S20.2. Child hides food from starving parents. Marquesas: Handy 114.

S21. S21. Cruel son. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 139, 151, 157; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 287, 547, 632; Africa (Fang): Einstein 161.

S21.1. S21.1. Son buries aged mother alive. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 4.

S21.2. S21.2. Son blinds father. (Cf. Q451.7, S165.) Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S21.3. S21.3. Son gives mother as hostage. Irish myth: Cross.

S21.4. S21.4. King banishes mother to stables. India: Thompson-Balys.

S21.5. S21.5. Cruel son tries to sterilize father. Jewish: *Neuman.

S22. S22. Parricide. (Cf. Q211.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 35, 1148, II 651, 1101, 1169; Tonga: Gifford 189.

S22.1. S22.1. Parricide to obtain kingship. Irish myth: Cross.

S22.1.1. S22.1.1. Adopted son plots death of parents. Usurps the throne. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S222. S222. Prince plans to kill wicked father for cruelty. India: Thompson-Balys.

S22.3. S22.3. Father learns that his son is planning to kill him. Gives his son a weapon to do so. Son repents. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S25. S25. Cruel grandson.

S25.1. S25.1. Boy kills his grandfather. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

S30. S30. Cruel step- and foster relatives.

S31. S31. Cruel stepmother. *Types 403, 425, 432, 450, 451, 480, 502, 510, 511, 516, 590, 592, 706, 708, 709, 720; BP I 42ff., 70ff., 79ff., 165ff., 207ff., 227ff., 412ff., *421, 427ff., 450ff., II 45ff., 229ff., 490ff., III 60ff., 137, 338f.; **W. Lincke Das tiefmuttermotiv im Mдrchen der germanischen Vцlker (Berlin, 1933); *MacCulloch Childhood 150; *Cox Cinderella passim; Bцklen Sneewittchenstudien passim; *Arfert Unterschobene Braut passim; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 120; Ranke FFC CXIV 154ff.; *Child V 497 s.v. “stepmother”; *Fb “stifmoder”; Dh III 414ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “marвtre”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63 No. 453; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6, III No. 10, V No. 8, Rotunda; Greek: Grote I 103, 116; Jewish: *Neuman, *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 375; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer I 185; Chinese: Ferguson 162, Eberhard FFC CXX 52f., 109, 125; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 324; Korean: Zong in-Sob 201f. No. 97; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 209, Dixon 238f.; Hawaii, Micronesia, Melanesia: ibid 89 nn. 97--102; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 382ff.; S. A. Indian (Karib): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 147; Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 228; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 269 No. 81.

S31.1. S31.1. Adulteress and paramour plot against her stepson. They fear that he may betray them. Fischer-Bolte 214.

S31.2. S31.2. Children enchanted by stepmother. (Cf. D683.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

S31.3. S31.3. Cruel bird stepmother feeds young ones with thorns. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S31.4. S31.4. Cruel stepmother feeds children with fish spines (thorns) to kill them. India: Thompson-Balys.

S31.5. S31.5. Girl persuades her father to marry a widow who has treated her kindly. *Roberts 136.

S32. S32. Cruel stepfather. Type 970**; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S33. S33. Cruel stepbrother. (Cf. K2211.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

S34. S34. Cruel stepsister(s). Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

S36. S36. Cruel foster father. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 480.

S37. S37. Cruel foster son. (Cf. S22.1.1.) S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146, (Jivaro): ibid. 148, (Amuesha): ibid. 150.

S40. S40. Cruel grandparents.

S41. S41. Cruel grandmother. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “grand’mиre”; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 254 No. 37.

S42. S42. Cruel grandfather. Kills his grandchildren. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S50. S50. Cruel relatives-in-law. Chinese: Graham.

S51. S51. Cruel mother-in-law. See references to K2110.1. and K2215, many of which have the present motif. *Type 706; *BP I 295ff.; *Dickson 25 n. 26, 29 n. 3, 30 n. 4, 31 n. 9, 41 n. 40; Saintyves Perrault 67; **Dдumling Studie ьber den Typus des Mдrchens ohne Hдnde (Mьnchen, 1912); *Andree (1878) 159; Hibbard 26; Schlauch Constance and Accused Queens 40. -- English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne), 118 (Octovian), 130 (Emare); Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1480*; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 5, *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer III 44f.; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 342, 736; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 125, 189; New Guinea: Dixon 136; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 180 n. 1.

S51.1. S51.1. Cruel mother-in-law plans death of daughter-in-law. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S52. S52. Cruel father-in-law. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 120; *BP I 46ff.; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “gendre”; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103, 105; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 85, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 168.

S54. S54. Cruel daughter-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 256f.; Marquesas: Handy 111.

S54.1. S54.1. Burned and underbaked bread. Wishing to rid herself of her father-in-law, the daughter-in-law starts to feed him burned bread; but the old man begins to thrive on it. When she tries underbaked bread, he dies very soon. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2427*.

S55. S55. Cruel sister-in-law. Chinese: Graham.

S56. S56. Cruel son-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 126; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 177.

S56.1. S56.1. Lover asks girl to kill her father. India: Thompson-Balys.

S60. S60. Cruel spouse.

S62. S62. Cruel husband. *Type 760, 887. See references to H461. Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152; Eskimo: Boas BAM XV 188, 310, 331.

S62.1. S62.1. Bluebeard. Girl marries murderous husband. *Type 312; cf. Type 955; *BP I 404ff.; Child I 47; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 312f. Nos. 73, 77; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 91--93.

S62.2. S62.2. Man has bride drowned so that he may marry another. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S62.3. S62.3. Barren wife exposed by husband. Jewish: Neuman.

S62.4. S62.4. Husband leaves wife to die of thirst. Marquesas: Handy 99.

S63. S63. Spouse murder pact. Princess kills her husband. Prince kills his wife. Murderers marry and usurp the throne. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

S70. S70. Other cruel relatives. Missouri French: Carriиre.

S71. S71. Cruel uncle. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 19 (William of Palerne); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “oncle”; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Aeschylus Agamemnon 1220 (Atreus); India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 447, 1303; Hindu: Keith 177; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 422; Samoa: ibid. 473; Mono: Wheeler No. 29; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 127.

S71.1. S71.1. Cruel uncle poisons nephew (king). Irish myth: *Cross.

S72. S72. Cruel aunt. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

S73.1. S73.1. Fratricide. Krappe Revue des Йtudes Anciennes XXXV (1933) 146ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 219; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 13; Tonga: Gifford 83; Maori: Clark 157, Beckwith 157.

S73.1.0.1. S73.1.0.1. Murder of stepbrother (foster brother). Irish myth: *Cross.

S73.1.1. S73.1.1. Fratricide in order to gain control of kingship. Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 492.

S73.1.2. S73.1.2. Brother kills and eats brother. (Cf. G10.) Tonga: Gifford 27, Mono: Wheeler No. 22.

S73.1.3. S73.1.3. Elder brother threatens to kill younger as soon as he is born. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 436.

S73.1.4. S73.1.4. Fratricide motivated by love-jealousy. (Cf. T257.) Irish myth: Cross.

S73.2. S73.2. Person banishes brother (sister). Irish myth: Cross.

S73.3. S73.3. Man blinds brother. (Cf. S165.) Irish myth: *Cross.

S74. S74. Cruel nephew. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

S74.1. S74.1. Nephew (niece) kills uncle. Irish myth: *Cross.

S100--S199.

S100--S199. Revolting murders or mutilations.

S100. S100. Revolting murders or mutilations.

S110. S110. Murders. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

S110.1. S110.1. Old people killed in famine. *Wesselski Mдrchen 237 No. 48; Fb “gammel” IV 174a; Icelandic: *Boberg.

S110.1.1. S110.1.1. Child condemned to be killed in famine. Irish myth: Cross.

S110.2. S110.2. Man kills all guests, hoping some day to kill rival. Dickson 83 n. 47.

S110.3. S110.3. Princess builds tower of skulls of unsuccessful suitors. Malone PMLA XLIII 414; India: Thompson-Balys.

S110.3.1. S110.3.1. Princess makes necklace of heads of unsuccessful suitors. India: Thompson-Balys.

S110.4. S110.4. Prince resolves to drive relatives from his domain. Kills many. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S110.5. S110.5. Murderer kills all who come to certain spot. India: Thompson-Balys.

S111. S111. Murder by poisoning. *Type 709; *Bцklen 100ff.; *Child V 491 s.v. “Poisoning”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 115f., Espinosa Jr. Nos. 143, 145; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 80, 491, 510,

S111.1. S111.1. Murder with poisoned bread. *Type 709; *Bцklen 102; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 80 No. 12.

S111.2. S111.2. Murder with poisoned lace. *Type 709; *BP I 450ff.; *Bцklen 104.

S111.3. S111.3. Murder with poisoned comb. *Type 709; *BP I 450ff.; *Bцklen 109.

S111.4. S111.4. Murder with poisoned apple. *Type 709; *BP I 450ff.; *Bцklen 100; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S111.5. S111.5. Murder with poisoned book. King wets finger to turn leaves and falls dead. *Chauvin V 276 No. 156 n. 3.

S111.6. S111.6. Murder with poisoned robe. Consumes wearer. Greek: Fox 115, *Frazer Apollodorus I 123; India: Thompson-Balys.

S111.7. S111.7. Murder with poisoned slippers. Africa (Thonga): Junod 266ff., (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVIII 299ff. No. 16.

S111.8. S111.8. Murder by feeding poisonous snake. English ballad: Child No. 12 (Lord Randal); Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

S111.9. S111.9. Murder by placing a poisoned fingernail on step. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S112. S112. Burning to death. (See notes to K955 and Q414.) Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne); Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 192 No. 28.

S112.0.1. S112.0.1. City burned with all inhabitants. Irish myth: *Cross.

S112.0.2. S112.0.2. House (hostel) burned with all inside. Irish myth: *Cross; Marquesas: Handy 132; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 386; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 514.

S112.1. S112.1. Boiling to death. Often in pitch or oil. *Cosquin Йtudes 360ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 83 No. 711A*; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 321 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

S112.2. S112.2. Murder with hot iron. Bored through eye or nose. *Krappe Balor 4ff.; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592, Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 52 No. 8.

S112.2.1. S112.2.1. Murder by hot iron through heart. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592, Boberg.

S112.2.2. S112.2.2. Murder by driving red-hot iron spits through soles of feet and into shins. Irish myth: *Cross.

S112.3. S112.3. Murder by hot lead poured into ear. (Cf. S115.1.) *Fb “шre” III 1180b, 1181a.

S112.4. S112.4. Attempted murder by live coals in garments. India: Thompson-Balys.

S112.5. S112.5. Murder by feeding on over-hot food. Person forced to eat. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S112.6. S112.6. Murder by roasting alive in oven furnace). Jewish: *Neuman; Tonga: Gifford 190.

S112.7. S112.7. Son takes mother to woods and tries to burn her up while she sleeps. India: Thompson-Balys.

S113. S113. Murder by strangling. See references to Q424. Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Werner 267.

S113.1. S113.1. Murder by hanging. Dickson 186 n. 60; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre.

S113.1.1. S113.1.1. Slaves killed by hanging. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S113.1.2. S113.1.2. Prisoners taken in war (enemy‘s messengers) hanged. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S113.2. S113.2. Murder by suffocation. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; West Indies: Flowers 575.

S113.2.1. S113.2.1. Devil cuts off hand of woman and suffocates her. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 289; Scala Celi 57b No. 321.

S113.2.2. S113.2.2. Suffocating in bathroom. Icelandic: Boberg; Danish: Grundtvig No. 121; Lithuanian: M. Boehm u. F. Sprecht Lettische-Litauische Volksmдrchen (Jena, 1924) 193 No. 11.

S113.2.3. S113.2.3. Murder by luring to feast and suffocating. All holes are stopped and house set afire. India: Thompson-Balys.

S114. S114. Murder by flaying. *Fb “hud” I 661; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

S114.1. S114.1. Skin of murdered person found in enemy’s house. Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 377.

S115. S115. Murder by stabbing. Heptameron No. 40; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592; Japanese: Ikeda.

S115.1. S115.1. Murder by stabbing in ear. (Cf. S112.3.) Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 236, 265; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 264.

S115.2. S115.2. Murder by sticking needle through head. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 52, Rasmussen III 65, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 185.

S115.2.1. S115.2.1. Murder by driving nail through head. West Africa: Nassau Fetischism in West Africa (London, 1904) 337ff. No. 2.

S115.3. S115.3. Murder by piercing with pins and needles. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S116. S116. Murder by crushing. (Cf. S167.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592, Boberg; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 168 No. 24.

S116.1. S116.1. Murder by grinding in mill. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S116.2. S116.2. Pregnant woman crushed beneath chariot. (Cf. S185.) Irish myth: Cross.

S116.3. S116.3. Murder by breaking back. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S116.4. S116.4. Murder by crushing head. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S116.5. S116.5. Murder by crushing beneath falling tree. India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 184.

S116.6. S116.6. Murder by trampling of horses (elephants). English romance: Malory IX 25; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 647.

S117. S117. Death by dragging behind horse. *Fb “hest” I 599b; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S118. S118. Murder by cutting.

S118.1. S118.1. Murder by cutting adversary in two. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S118.2. S118.2. Murder by cutting throat. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 228.

S121. S121. Murder by slamming down chest-lid. Done while victim is looking into the chest. *Type 720; *BP I 412ff., 422; *Cox 479; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 91b n. 36; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; Icelandic: *Boberg.

S122. S122. Flogging to death. (Cf. Q458.2.) Fb “piske” II 834; Icelandic: Boberg; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152.

S123. S123. Burial alive. **Feilberg “Levende begravet” (Еrbog for dansk Kulturhistorie, 1892); *Liebrecht 284; *Fb “hшj” I 741b, “levende” II 403a--404a, “jord” II 45b. -- Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 74, Beal XXI 327; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 4; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enterrement”; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 203f.; Greek: Sophocles’ Antigone; India: *Thompson-Balys; Society Islands: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 557; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 221, 232, Rasmussen II 94, III 53, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 171, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 639, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 34, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 161, (Ungava): Turner RBAE VI 262.

S123.0.1. S123.0.1. Hostages buried alive. Irish myth: *Cross.

S123.1. S123.1. Burial alive of drugged person. *Chauvin VI 15 No. 188 n. 1.

S123.2. S123.2. Burial of living husband or wife with dead spouse. Type 612; *BP I 126ff., 128; *Chauvin VII 20 No. 373D; Missouri French: Carriиre.

S123.2.1. S123.2.1. Burial of living man with dead blood brother. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S123.3. S123.3. Living children buried with dead mother. Child I 180, 185, IV 450a (No. 15).

S123.4. S123.4. Avenger plans to let king starve in mountain chamber. Icelandic: Boberg.

S123.5. S123.5. Burial alive of maiden to keep her safe from rival. Icelandic: Boberg.

S123.6. S123.6. Enemies buried alive up to their necks and exposed to jackals. (Cf. Q456.1.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 570.

S125. S125. Immolation. Greek: Grote I 278f.; Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 317.

S125.1. S125.1. Self-immolation. Hindu: Tawney I 163, 398, 522, II 255, 490, 546, 558, 560, Panchatantra III 8 (tr. Ryder 334).

S127. S127. Murder by throwing from height. Greek: Grote I 278.

S131. S131. Murder by drowning. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 346b nn. 130--46; English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne); Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 651; Marquesas: Handy 53; Maori: Beckwith Myth 318; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 56, Rasmussen I 363, III 200, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 637; Africa (Fang): Einstein 153.

S131.1. S131.1. River carrier (whale, crocodile) throws passenger off and drowns him. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Madagascar): Renel II 207f. No. 119.

S132. S132. Murder by starvation. (Cf. R51.1, S123.4.) Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 287.

S133. S133. Murder by beheading. (Cf. Q421.) India: Thompson-Balys.

S135. S135. Murder by springing bent tree. Man bound to it is torn to pieces. (Cf. H1522.1.) Fb “trж” III 865b; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

S139. S139. Miscellaneous cruel murders.

S139.1. S139.1. Murder by twisting out intestines. (Cf. K1444, Q469.7.) *Fb “tarm” III 776a; Icelandic: *Boberg; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 66, 384.

S139.2. S139.2. Slain person dismembered. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 72 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

S139.2.1. S139.2.1. Head of murdered man displayed before his own house. *Siberian and North Pacific Coast of America: Jochelson JE VI 381.

S139.2.1.1. S139.2.1.1. Head of murdered man taken along as trophy. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 43, 77.

S139.2.2. S139.2.2. Other indignities to corpse. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.1. S139.2.2.1. Heads of slain enemies impaled upon stakes. (Cf. Q421.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

S139.2.2.1.1. S139.2.2.1.1. Heads (tongues) of slain enemies as trophies. Irish myth: *Cross.

S139.2.2.1.2. S139.2.2.1.2. Impaled head used as target. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.1.3. S139.2.2.1.3. Custom: sitting upon head of slain enemy. Irish myth: *Cross.

S139.2.2.1.4. S139.2.2.1.4. Heads of defeated enemies hung on conqueror’s saddle. India: Thompson-Balys.

S139.2.2.1.5. S139.2.2.1.5. Hand of slain enemy nailed to castle. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.1.6. S139.2.2.1.6. Heads brandished to intimidate foe. Irish myth: *Cross.

S139.2.2.2. S139.2.2.2. Dead man gutted and filled with stones. India: Thompson-Balys.

S139.2.2.3. S139.2.2.3. Dead dog buried with enemy. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.3.1. S139.2.2.3.1. Corpse buried face down as indignity. Irish myth: *Cross.

S139.2.2.4. S139.2.2.4. Parts of corpses used in sport. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.4.1. S139.2.2.4.1. Head used as ball. Irish myth: *Cross.

S139.2.2.4.2. S139.2.2.4.2. Brains of enemies fashioned into balls (as trophies for play). Irish myth: *Cross.

S139.2.2.4.3. S139.2.2.4.3. Chess board and men made from bones of slain enemies. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.5. S139.2.2.5. Corpses burned as fuel for cooking. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.6. S139.2.2.6. Corpse drawn asunder. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.2.2.7. S139.2.2.7. Ash (hazel) stakes thrust through bodies of slain warriors. India: Thompson-Balys.

S139.2.2.8. S139.2.2.8. Ashes of murdered person passed through sieve and remains put to manure heap. India: Thompson-Balys.

S139.3. S139.3. Captured women hanged and crucified. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.4. S139.4. Murder by mangling with axe. Irish myth: Cross.

S139.5. S139.5. Murder by cutting off uvula. Icelandic: Boberg.

S139.6. S139.6. Murder by tearing out heart. India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

S139.7. S139.7. Murder by slicing person into small pieces. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 154; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (TpG. 3/912).

S139.8. S139.8. Murder by biting the throat. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S140. S140. Cruel abandonments and exposures. India: Thompson-Balys.

S140.1. S140.1. Abandonment of aged. Type 981*; *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. “Abandonment and exposure”; *F. Brouga-Brey Revista de dialectologia y tradiciones populares (Madrid) I 496--573; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 547; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 116; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 186 No. 82.

S141. S141. Exposure in boat. A person (usually woman or child) set adrift in a boat (chest, basket, cask). *Types 590, 675, 708, 930; BP I 489, II 236f., III 2; **Cosquin Йtudes 199ff., 215ff.; Chauvin VII 95ff.; *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83; *Aarne FFC XXIII 60; *Penzer II 4, VII 81 n. 1; Dickson 35 n. 16, 41f. nn. 40, 42, 169f. n. 23; *Krappe Balor 3ff., 17ff. nn. 57--60; *Sparnaay 31ff., 50; *Frazer Old Testament II 437ff.; *Fb “е” III 1187b, “bеd” IV 87a; *Schoepperle II 374 n. 4; Hibbard 276; *Basset 1001 Contes II 371. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enfant”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 116; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2, *Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 155, Grote I 86, *103, Fox 22, 33, 307; Egyptian: Mьller 116; Babylonian: Spence 16; Jewish: *Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 165, 372; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 103, 633; Japanese: *Ikeda; Chinese: Ferguson 192; Palaung tribe: Scott Indo-Chinese 276; Indonesian: DeVries’s list No. 219; Tonga: Gifford 154; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/45); Marquesas: *Beckwith Myth 502 n. 4; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 167, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 261; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 131.

S141.1. S141.1. Man springs ashore and pushes companion in boat out to sea. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S141.2. S141.2. Father saves himself in storm and forgets his two children. They are abandoned in a boat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S141.3. S141.3. Exposure astride a log of wood floated down river. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S142. S142. Person thrown into the water and abandoned. *Types 450, 506, 612, 667*, 707; *BP I 79ff., 126ff., II 380ff., III 490ff.; *Krappe Balor 12 n. 43; *Fb “spinde” III 492b; Dickson 86. -- Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 167, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 526; Tahiti: Handy 408; Tonga: Gifford 122; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/45, 403, z-G. 3/1117).

S143. S143. Abandonment in forest. *Types 327, 450, 708, 872*; BP I 79ff., 115ff.; *Dickson 35 n. 16; *Sparnaay 41ff.; Roberts 128. -- English: Wells 118 (Octovian); Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “abandon”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II 99-105, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 142 --45; Greek: Grote I 109; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S143.1. S143.1. Child abandoned in hollow tree. English: Wells 126 (Lai Le Freine); Irish myth: *Cross.

S143.2. S143.2. Abandonment in tall tree. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Mundurucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 294, (Sherente): Lowie ibid. (1) 515.

S143.2.1. S143.2.1. Tortoise placed in tall tree and left. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Weeks Congo 209ff. No. 6.

S143.3. S143.3. Mutilated man on horseback chased into the forest. Icelandic: Boberg.

S143.4. S143.4. Husband abandons wife in childbirth in jungle. (Cf. S430.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

S144. S144. Abandonment in desert. *Type 310; BP I 97ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

S144.1. S144.1. Abandonment alone on foreign coast. English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem).

S145. S145. Abandonment on an island. (Marooning.) *Type 506, 890; BP III 490ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “abandon”; French Canadian: Morin JAFL XXX 147; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 53 n. 5; Papua: Ker 7, 112; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 358; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 56, Rasmussen III 200, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Central): Boas RBAE VI 637, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 163, 166; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 405ff.

S146. S146. Abandonment in pit. Chauvin VII 108 No. 379bis; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Lagerholm 161--63, Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Hebrew: Genesis ch. 37, *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 41.

S146.1. S146.1. Abandonment in well. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S146.2. S146.2. Abandonment in cave. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 471.

S147. S147. Abandonment on mountain. *Type 675; Irish myth: Cross.

S147.1. S147.1. Abandonment on cliff. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound; India: Thompson-Balys.

S147.1.1. S147.1.1. Abandonment on cliff near nest of a bird. S. A. Indian (Mundurucъ): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 294.

S148. S148. Abandonment in bonds that cannot be loosed. Irish myth: Cross.

S152. S152. Children abandoned in box in potter‘s kiln. India: Thompson-Balys.

S153. S153. Abandonment in stable. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S160. S160. Mutilations. Nouvelles de Sens No. 24; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

S160.1. S160.1. Self-mutilation. (Cf. T327.1, T327.2, T333.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer III 21 n.; Chinese: Werner 314.

S160.2. S160.2. Jealous women mutilate her who is most attractive to men. Irish myth: Cross.

S160.3. S160.3. Fairies mutilate mortals. (Cf. F362.) Irish myth: Cross.

S160.4. S160.4. Mutilation of envoys. (Cf. R51.3.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 701.

S160.5. S160.5. Moon mutilates his earth mistress. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 180.

S161. S161. Mutilation: cutting off hands (arms). Heptameron No. 48; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa II Nos. 99--103, Espinosa Jr. No. 137; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 710, 885; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 151.

S161.0.1. S161.0.1. Masons who build mausoleum of princess lose their right hands so they may never again construct so fine a building. (Cf. S165.7, W181.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

S161.1. S161.1. Mutilation: cutting off fingers. *Fb “guld ring” I 514a; *Dickson 41 n. 41; Icelandic: *Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 22; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 17, Rasmussen III 58, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 168, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 262, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 165, (Central): Boas RBAE VI 584, 586, 637.

S161.1.1. S161.1.1. Child‘s finger-ends cut off to give long life. Irish myth: Cross.

S162. S162. Mutilation: cutting off legs (feet). *Type 519; *Krappe Archiv f. d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen CLX 161ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 710, 885; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 242.

S162.1. S162.1. Fighting on stumps of legs after they have been cut off at knee. Child V 497 s.v. “stumps”; Icelandic: Boberg.

S162.2. S162.2. Hamstringing. E. H. Meyer Germanen 161f.; *P. Maurus Wielandsage in der Literatur (Mьncher Beitrдge zur rom. und eng. Philologie XXV [1902]); Icelandic: *Boberg.

S162.3. S162.3. Mutilation: cutting off toes. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S162.4. S162.4. Mutilation: cutting off heelbone. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S162.5. S162.5. Mutilation: crushing feet and turning them backward. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S163. S163. Mutilation: cutting (tearing) out tongue. Often to prevent revelation of secret. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 510, Keller; Greek: Fox 70 (Philomela), Grote I 181; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/600); Koryak, American Indian: *Jochelson JE VI 372.

S164. S164. Mutilation: knocking out teeth. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S165. S165. Mutilation: putting out eyes. *Types 310, 533, 590, 613; *BP I 97ff., II 273ff., 468ff., III 1ff.; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 46ff.; *Cox 501; Gaster Thespis 332f. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “yeux”; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63, 67 Nos. 455, 510, Espinosa II 99--103, 111--112, Espinosa Jr. No. 137; Greek: *Grote I 183, Fox 74 (Phineus); Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 111, 1163; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 250 No. 193; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 251; Hawaii: ibid. 248; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 165, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 585; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 391ff.

S165.1. S165.1. Eyes of beheaded person gouged out. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 278 n. 1.

S165.2. S165.2. Crane pecks out tiger‘s eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

S165.3. S165.3. Blinding by thrusting needles into eyes. Irish myth: Cross.

S165.4. S165.4. Eyes torn out and filled with sand. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S165.5. S165.5. Necklace made of torn out human eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

S165.6. S165.6. Human eyes used as fishbait. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 245.

S165.7. S165.7. Artisan who has built palace blinded so he cannot build another like it. (Cf. S161.0.1, W181.2.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 489, 672.

S166. S166. Mutilation: skin cut from back. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 102a n. 140; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 447, Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 163--7; India: Thompson-Balys.

S166.1. S166.1. Mutilation: beard torn off with the skin (and cheeks). (Cf. S187.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

S166.2. S166.2. Mutilation: cheek and chin cut off, but held together by biting the beard. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S166.3. S166.3. Mutilation: shoulder-skin torn off in wrestling. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 264.

S166.4. S166.4. Mutilation: cheeks cut off. (Cf. S166.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

S166.5. S166.5. Mutilation: chin and lips cut off. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S166.6. S166.6. Blood-eagle cut on man’s back by flaying and salting. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 656, *Boberg.

S167. S167. Mutilation by crushing. (Cf. S116.) Irish myth: *Cross.

S167.1. S167.1. Mutilation: crushing victim‘s limbs. India: Thompson-Balys.

S168. S168. Mutilation: tearing off ears. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S172. S172. Mutilation: nose cut off or crushed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S172.1. S172.1. Angry paramour bites off his mistress’s nose. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 318, 328.

S173. S173. Mutilation: breaking (two, three) ribs. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S175. S175. Horses mutilated: tails cut off and manes torn off with the skin in order to humiliate their owner. (Cf. J1169.5.) Icelandic: Boberg.

S176. S176. Mutilation: sex organs cut off. (Cf. Q241, Q451.10.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

S176.1. S176.1. Mutilation: emasculation. Irish myth: *Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 270, III 293.

S180. S180. Wounding or torturing.

S181. S181. Wounding by trapping with sharp knives (glass). *Type 432; *BP II 261ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II Nos. 2, 5; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S181.1. S181.1. Victim bound to a bladed wheel. (Cf. Q423.) *Loomis White Magic 118.

S182. S182. Girl fastened by hair to rafter. *Fb “hеr” I 771b.

S182.1. S182.1. Man hanged by hair to tree. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

S182.2. S182.2. Girl pulled about by her hair. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 706.

S183. S183. Frightful meal. (Cf. Q478.) Irish myth: Cross.

S183.0.1. S183.0.1. Person forced to eat red-hot meal. Irish myth: Cross.

S183.1. S183.1. Person forced to eat hearts (flesh) of relatives (draw blood). Irish myth: *Cross.

S183.2. S183.2. Person forced to eat loathsome animal. Irish myth: *Cross.

S185. S185. Cruelty to pregnant woman. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

S185.1. S185.1. Co-wife forces pregnant woman to perform lowly tasks. (Cf. T257.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

S185.2. S185.2. King demands intercourse with woman in childbed. Irish myth: *Cross.

S186. S186. Torturing by beating. Der Heiligen Leben und Leiden 100ff. (Santa Barbara); Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 587.

S187. S187. Torturing by scratching.

S187.1. S187.1. Torture by tearing out the sides (of a person). (Cf. S166.1.) Der Heiligen Leben und Leiden 100f. (Santa Barbara); Jewish: Neuman.

S187.2. S187.2. Hair combed with iron combs. India: Thompson-Balys.

S191. S191. Driving insane by keeping awake. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 68.

S200--S299.

S200--S299. Cruel sacrifices.

S200. S200. Cruel sacrifices.

S210. S210. Children sold or promised. *Type 930; Aarne FFC XXIII 54; BP I 98; Grimm Nos. 12, 31, 55, 92, 181; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

S210.1. S210.1. Child sold into slavery. English: Wells 22 (Sir Beues of Hamtoun); Greek: Grote I 163; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 946. See also story of Joseph.

S210.2. S210.2. Child sold to be killed. Jewish: *Neuman.

S211. S211. Child sold (promised) to devil (ogre). See also references to S220--S259, practically all of which apply here. *Types 314, 400, 502, 756B, 810; BP II 329, III 463, 531; *Cosquin Йtudes 365, 542ff.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 242 No. 52; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 46; Sйbillot France III 446, IV 127; Gaster Exempla 248 No. 352. -- Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 42 No. 29AB; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 293 No. 1, 300 No. 2; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enfant”, “diable”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103, Espinosa Jr. No. 66; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 147; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 210, 212; Africa: Werner African 214.

S211.1. S211.1. Child of woman and devil taken to his father. Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 49.

S212. S212. Child sold to magician. *Type 325; *Cosquin Йtudes 523; BP II 60; Jones PMLA XXIII 567; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S213. S213. Child promised to wood-spirit. (Cf. F441.) Type 667*.

S214. S214. Child promised to mermaid. (Cf. B81.) Kцhler-Bolte I 178; Irish myth: Cross.

S215. S215. Child promised to animal. (Cf. B620.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Werner African 223.

S215.1. S215.1. Girl promises herself to animal suitor. *Type 440; BP I 1ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

S216. S216. Mothers exchange children. India: Thompson-Balys.

S220. S220. Reasons for promise (sale) of child.

S221. S221. Child sold (promised) for money. *Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 50ff., 56ff., *223, 227 n., *230 n.; Fb “sжlge” III 722a; *Ward II 661 No. 4 (wife sold); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 65 No. 471B*, Espinosa II No. 117.

S221.1. S221.1. Bankrupt father sells his daughters in marriage to animals. (Sometimes to pay gambling debt.) (Cf. S215.) *Types 425C, 552A; *BP II 234ff., III 424ff.; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 65; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 149, II 1013.

S221.2. S221.2. Youth sells himself to an ogre in settlement of a gambling debt. (Cf. M211, S215.) *Type 313; BP I 442.

S222. S222. Man promises (sells) child in order to save himself from danger or death. *Types 310, 425C, 756B, 500; BP I 490ff.; MacCulloch Childhood 421; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 51, 58, 229 n.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S222.1. S222.1. Woman promises her unborn child to appease offended witch. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 1.

S222.2. S222.2. Woman promises unborn daughter to snake as wife for ferrying her across stream. India: Thompson-Balys.

S222.3. S222.3. Woman promises unborn child to tiger if he will spare her. India: Thompson-Balys.

S222.4. S222.4. Sultan’s daughter demanded by giant ogre as price for letting his subjects alone. India: Thompson-Balys.

S223. S223. Childless couple promise child to the devil if they may only have one. *Type 756B; *BP III 107; *Wesselski Mдrchen 242 No. 52; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 49, 52, *223ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Swahili): Steere 379.

S223.0.1. S223.0.1. Robert the Devil. Childless couple wish for a child even if he comes from the devil. He is diabolical. *Wells 784; *Hibbard 49ff. (Sir Gowther); *Krappe Mod. Lang. Rev. XXIV (1929) 200ff.; Irish myth: Cross.

S223.0.2. S223.0.2. Maid pledged to devil dresses conspicuously. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 14 No. 124.

S223.1. S223.1. Girl promises unborn child to devil if he will suffer the birth pangs. Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 40 No. 31**; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3254, Legends Nos. 370ff.

S223.2. S223.2. Mother curses her unborn child. (Cf. M411.1.) *Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 49.

S223.3. S223.3. An old maid promises the devil her first born. She wishes to get a husband. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 391.

S223.4. S223.4. Childless couple promise one of two children to devil if they may only have them. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S224. S224. Child promised to devil for acting as godfather. (Cf. N411.) *Types 314, 502, 756B; *BP II 319ff., 329; Andrejev FFC LXIX 50; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “filleul”.

S225. S225. Child promised to devil for help on road with broken wagon. Andrejev FFC LXIX 50, 56, 228 n.

S226. S226. Child promised to devil for directions out of woods when father is lost. *Andrejev FFC LXIX 51, 58, 229 n.; BP II 483f.

S227. S227. Child promised to devil in exchange for a good catch of fish. *Andrejev FFC LXIX 51, 60, 230 n.; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 38, Beal XXI 314.

S228. S228. Daughter promised to monster as bride to secure flower (bird) she has asked for. *Type 425C; *Tegethoff 12, 18; *BP II 229ff., *232 n. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S232. S232. Daughter promised to tiger in marriage for help in carrying load. (Cf. B620.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

S233. S233. Children given in return for being taught magic. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S234. S234. Children sold in exchange for food. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 60.

S235. S235. Angry man gives away his daughter to a beggar. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 248 No. 193.

S240. S240. Children unwittingly promised (sold). (Cf. S211.) *Types 314, 400, 710, 756B; *BP II 329; *Fb “frugtsommelig” I 376, “ufшdt” III 926a; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 50ff., 56ff., 223; *MacCulloch Childhood 418; Irish: Baughman; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 8.

S240.1. S240.1. Girl promised unwittingly by her parents to ogre. India: Thompson-Balys.

S241. S241. Child unwittingly promised: “first thing you meet.” (Jephthah’s vow.) *Types 425, 810; *BP II 329, 483; *Fb “fшrst” I 404, “mшde” II 647a; Wьnsche 34f.; *Tegethoff 18; *Cox Cinderella 511; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 50, 62, 228 n.; Johnston MLN XXII 233. -- French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 66; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Boas JAFL XXXV 66 No. 2.

S241.1. S241.1. Unwitting bargain with devil evaded by driving dog over bridge first. The child has been unwittingly promised (the first thing that goes over the bridge). Kittredge Witchcraft 206, *518 n. 19; Hazlitt Shakespeare Jest Books I 86f. No. 67; Mensa Philosophica No. 11.

S241.2. S241.2. Devil is to have last one who leaves “black school”. Fb. “fanden” I 267b; Scotland, England: Baughman.

S241.3. S241.3. Princess promised unwittingly to madman: “what you ask for.” India: Thompson-Balys.

S242. S242. Child unwittingly promised: “what you have at home.” The man thinks it is a cat (dog). *Types 316, 710; *BP I 21; Kцhler-Bolte I 312; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 50, 62, 228 n.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 54 No. 455; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103.

S242.1. S242.1. Child unwittingly promised: “What you wife has under her belt.” BP I 98f.; Danish: Grundtvig No. 33.

S243. S243. Child unwittingly promised: Nix-Naught-Nothing. The child born while the father is away is named Nix-Naught-Nothing. Kцhler-Bolte I 279; English: Jacobs English Fairy Tales 33.

S245. S245. Child unwittingly promised: what is born on your farm. Two women agree that what is born on the farm of each belongs exclusively to the owner. The child of one is born on the farm of the other. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 58 No. 11.

S247. S247. Daughter unwittingly promised to dog rescuer. (Cf. B620.1.) Without knowing that a dog has rescued her, the father offers her in marriage to her rescuer. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 421; Japanese: Ikeda:

S250. S250. Saving the promised child. Missouri French: Carriиre.

S251. S251. Virgin Mary rescues child promised to the devil. *Meyer Romania XXXIII 163ff.; Ward II 632 No. 29, Herbert III 504; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103.

S252. S252. Vain attempt to save promised child.

S252.1. S252.1. Vain attempt to save promised child by use of substitute. *Type 425.

S252.2. S252.2. Vain attempt to save promised child by evasions. India: Thompson-Balys.

S255. S255. Deity saves person about to be sacrificed. (Cf. S263.2.1.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

S255.1. S255.1. Deity promises deliverance of promised child to mother in dream. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S255.2. S255.2. Child sacrificed to deity returned to mother alive and whole after the ablution and ceremonial rites in honor of her. India: Thompson-Balys.

S260. S260. Sacrifices. (Cf. S255.) Irish myth: *Cross.

S260.1. S260.1. Human sacrifice. *Penzer IV 65 n.; *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. “Human sacrifice”; *V. Manzini La superstizione omicida e i sacrifici umani, con particolare riguardo alle accuse contro gli Ebrei (2d. ed., Padua, 1930); Krappe Hessische Blдtter fьr Volkskunde XXVI (1927) 18--25. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 61, 68f.; Greek: Fox 183; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 189, II 54, 851; Marquesas: Beckwith 269, Handy 73; N. A. Indian (Sia): Alexander N. Am. 203, (Hopi): ibid. 205, (Zuсi): ibid. 201, *Benedict 342; Africa (Bushongo): Torday 250.

S260.1.1. S260.1.1. Child sacrifice as religious rite. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 329, O‘Suilleabhain 90; Jewish: *Neuman; N. A. Indian (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 72.

S260.1.2. S260.1.2. Sacrifice of sister on advice of yogi. India: Thompson-Balys.

S260.1.3. S260.1.3. Prisoners sacrificed to goddess. Irish myth: Cross.

S260.1.4. S260.1.4. Sacrifice of child to save life of another. (Cf. S268.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 44 No. 26.

S261. S261. Foundation sacrifice. A human being buried alive at base of the foundation of a building or bridge. *Krappe Balor 165 n. 1; *Gaidoz Mйlusine IV (1888) No. 2; Krappe Revue Celtique XLIII (1926) 124ff. -- Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 39 (Arthour and Merlin), 42 (Nennius’ Historia Britonum); Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 200; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 81; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 73 No. 620; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3519; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 133 No. 81; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 139, 151, 157; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

S261.0.1. S261.0.1. Human blood mixed with rice to make leaky tanks hold water. India: Thompson-Balys.

S261.1. S261.1. Child as foundation sacrifice smiles and wins freedom. The king asks him why he smiles. “One first expects mercy from the parents; if they have none, then from the king. Now only God will have mercy.” *Krappe Balor 171ff.; Penzer VII 87 n. 1, 88--96, 250ff.; *DeVries “De Sage van het ingemetselde Kind” Nederlandsche Tijdschrift voor Volkskunde XXXII (1917); India: *Thompson-Balys.

S262. S262. Periodic sacrifices to a monster. *Schoepperle II 326ff.; *Panzer Beowulf 276ff.; *Frazer Pausanias V 143; Brown Iwain 17 and passim; *Freytag Am Urquell I (1890) 179ff., 197ff.; *Fb “glarbjжrg” I 459, “jomfru” II 43; Chauvin VI 110 No. 274.--Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 139, 151, 157; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 207 n. 2, II 119 n. 2, 134 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 189, II 573, 1188; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 154 No. 22, (Fang): Trilles 166.

S262.0.1. S262.0.1. One man disappears each night. English: Beowulf; Icelandic: *Boberg.

S262.1. S262.1. Woman given to devastating monster as wife to appease it. Irish myth: *Cross; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Creek): Alexander N. Am. 71.

S262.2. S262.2. Tribute of youths regularly sent to foreign king. English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem).

S262.2.1. S262.2.1. Youths and maidens as yearly tribute to monsters (Fomorians). Irish myth: *Cross.

S262.3. S262.3. Sacrificial victim chosen by lot. (Cf. N126.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 793; West Africa: Tauxier La Noir du Yatenga (Paris, 1917) 496f. No. 1, (Hausa): Basset Mйlusine III 226f. No. 2, (Senegambia): Bйrenger-Feraud II 185ff. No. 2.

S262.4. S262.4. Girl offers to sacrifice herself to dragon in place of her parents. India: Thompson-Balys.

S263. S263. Sacrifice to appease spirits (gods). (Cf. K1603, T211.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

S263.1. S263.1. Highest ranking man in land to be sacrificed for good crops. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S263.2. S263.2. Child sacrificed to gain favor of gods. Penzer II 214ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 111, Fox 52, 126; India: Thompson-Balys.

S263.2.1. S263.2.1. Gods furnish substitute for child sacrifice. (Cf. S255.) Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 192 n. 1; Jewish: *Neuman.

S263.2.2. S263.2.2. Daughters sacrificed to avert famine. *Frazer Pausanias II 78.

S263.2.3. S263.2.3. Man shows himself willing to sacrifice his child to prove his desire to follow God. He is prevented by abbot. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

S263.3. S263.3. Person sacrificed to water spirit to secure water supply. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Lamba): Doke MAFLS XX 14 No. 11, (Hausa): Basset Mйlusine III 226f. No. 2, (Fulah): Frobenius Atlantis VI 182ff. No. 4.

S263.3.1. S263.3.1. Human sacrifice to water serpent to secure tribal prosperity. Africa Tauxier La Noir du Yatenga (Paris, 1917) 496f. No. 1, (Senegambia): Bйranger-Feraud II 185ff. No. 2.

S263.3.2. S263.3.2. Serpent in stream demands pair of human eyes for drink of water. (Cf. M225.) India: Thompson-Balys.

S263.3.3. S263.3.3. Raja sacrifices his entire family so as to purify lake water. India: Thompson-Balys.

S263.4. S263.4. Sacrifice to river-god who has stopped boat in mid-stream. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 152ff. No. 22.

S263.4.1. S263.4.1. Sacrifice to offended gods, who hold ship back. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 586; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 111.

S263.5. S263.5. Sacrificial suicide. (Cf. S264.1.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

S263.5.1. S263.5.1. Saints (monks) sacrifice themselves (to avert plague). Irish myth: *Cross.

S263.5.2. S263.5.2. Monks sacrifice themselves (to save king and princes from pestilence). Irish myth: Cross.

S263.5.3. S263.5.3. Man leaps from vessel into jaws of sea-beast, so as to save remaining passengers. Irish myth: Cross.

S263.6. S263.6. Man sacrifices his wife to procure wealth in jars. India: Thompson-Balys.

S264. S264. Sacrifice to rivers and seas. *Fb “sш” III 731a, “е” III 1187b.

S264.1. S264.1. Man thrown overboard to placate storm. (Cf. S263.5.3.) Type 973*; Child V 496 s.v. “Ships”; Chauvin VII 30 No. 212 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 227; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 1024; Korean: Zong in-Sob 107 No. 57.

S264.1.1. S264.1.1. Man carried on top of mast ready to be sacrificed to storm spirit. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S264.1.2. S264.1.2. Woman drowns herself as sacrifice to water-gods to save husband’s boat from capsizing. (Cf. S263.5.) Japanese: Ikeda.

S264.2. S264.2. Sacrifice to tank. India: Thompson-Balys.

S265. S265. Sacrifice of strangers. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 224 n. 1, II 273 n. 2; Japanese: Ikeda.

S265.1. S265.1. Hostages sacrificed. Irish myth: *Cross.

S266. S266. Burial of live girl to banish plague. German: Knoop Sagen u. Erzдhlungen aus Posen 123.

S267. S267. Flood stopped by sacrifice of boy and girl. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 337.

S268. S268. Child sacrificed to provide blood for cure of friend. (Cf. S260.1.4.) *Type 516; **Rцsch FFC LXXVII 138ff., 161ff.; BP I 56; *Chauvin VIII 195 No. 235: *Wells 787 (Amis and Amiloun); Hibbard 70ff.; Scala Celi 10a No. 64; Alphabet No. 55.--Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9, Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

S268.1. S268.1. Sacrifice of child demanded as cure for feigned sickness. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S268.1.1. S268.1.1. Prince‘s life can only be prolonged if servant sacrifices his only son to goddess. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S268.2. S268.2. Son sold for transfusion of blood to sick king. India: Thompson-Balys.

S271. S271. Sacrifice of child to remove barrenness. Penzer I 154; Chauvin V 176 No. 100; India: Thompson-Balys.

S272. S272. Sacrifice of brothers promised if girl is born. *Type 451; BP I 71ff.

S272.1. S272.1. Flight of brothers from home to avoid being sacrificed. *Type 451; BP I 70.

S273. S273. Child bought to serve as sacrifice to demon. Penzer VII 87 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

S274. S274. Sacrifice as an agricultural rite. Irish myth: *Cross.

S276. S276. Sacrifice as protection against disease. Irish myth: *Cross.

S300--S399.

S300--S399. Abandoned or murdered children.

S300. S300. Abandoned or murdered children.

S301. S301. Children abandoned (exposed). *Types 327, 450, 590, 675, 920, 930; *De Vries FFC LXXIII 40ff.; *Penzer VII 81 n. 1, 82 n. 250; *Boje 65; *Cosquin Йtudes 199ff.; *Prato RTP IV 178; **Nutt FLR IV 1ff.; **Hartland FLJ IV 308; *Aarne FFC XXIII 60; Cowell Jataka V 230; Dickson 152.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enfant”; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103, 119; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 8, *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 94f.; Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 471; Tonga: Gifford 122; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 523; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 369, 385; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 255, (California): Gayton and Newman 89, (Zuсi): Benedict II 335; West Indies: Flowers 576.

S302. S302. Children murdered. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

S302.1. S302.1. All new-born male children slaughtered. Jewish: *Neuman.

S303. S303. Son killed at instigation of lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

S303.1. S303.1. Woman asks suitor to kill the child of his first wife. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 228.

S310. S310. Reasons for abandonment of children. (Cf. K2015, M371, M373, M375.)

S311. S311. Undesirable children exposed, desirable preserved. *Frazer Old Testament II 437ff.; Icelandic: Boberg.

S311.1. S311.1. Parents successively bury alive their sons who mention something about smith’s, potter‘s, washerman’s, and tom-tom beater‘s trade, but keep fifth child who says something about being future king. India: Thompson-Balys.

S312. S312. Illegitimate child exposed. (Cf. S12.2.1, T640.) *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. “Abandonment and exposure”; *Nutt FLR IV 1ff.; Frazer Apollodorus I 252 n. 2; Aarne FFC XXIII 63; *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83ff., 91. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S312.1. S312.1. Child of incest exposed. (Cf. T410.) *Type 933; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 173 (to Gonzenbach No. 85); *Baum PMLA XXXI 562 n. 59; Krappe Neuphilologische Mitteilungen XXXIV (1933) 11--22; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

S312.2. S312.2. Violated woman’s child exposed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

S312.3. S312.3. Posthumous child to be exposed. Icelandic: Boberg.

S312.4. S312.4. Woman abandons baby boy (of which she was artificially impregnated) in forest. India: Thompson-Balys.

S313. S313. Child of supernatural birth exposed. (Cf. T520.) *Nutt FLR IV 1ff., Gaster Thespis 255; Greek: Grote I 103; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

S314. S314. Twins (triplets) exposed. (Cf. T587.) *Krappe Balor 17 n. 55; Dickson 103 n. 10; Gaster Thespis 255; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Grote I 103.

S321. S321. Destitute parents abandon children. *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. “Abandonment and exposure”; *Type 327; *BP I 123; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Grote I 103; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 256 No. 200a; Korean: Zong in-Sob 43 No. 25.

S321.1. S321.1. Children abandoned in famine. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 374, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 34a; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict II 335; Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 142.

S322. S322. Children abandoned (driven forth, exposed) by hostile relative. *Roberts 128; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Espinosa II No. 114, Espinosa Jr. No. 140.

S322.0.1. S322.0.1. Orphaned boy deprived of his inheritance by relatives. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S322.1. S322.1. Father casts daughter forth. Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 107f., 154, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 120--123.

S322.1.1. S322.1.1. Father who wanted son exposes (murders) daughter. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 56 (Atalanta); India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 203.

S322.1.2. S322.1.2. Father casts daughter forth when she will not marry him. (Cf. T411.1.) *Type 510B; BP II 45; Cox passim; Krappe Zeitschrift fьr englische Philologie XLIX 361--69; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99--103.

S322.1.2.1. S322.1.2.1. Exposure in jungle for refusing to marry according to father‘s wishes. India: Thompson-Balys.

S322.1.3. S322.1.3. Father condemns daughter to death because he believes her unchaste. Type 883A; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Somali): Kirk FL XV 319ff. No. 3, Reinisch Die Saho-Sprache (Wien, 1889) I 76ff. No. 3.

S322.1.4. S322.1.4. Princess humiliated by father after she has married loathly bridegroom. India: Thompson-Balys.

S322.1.5. S322.1.5. Boy turned out of doors by father. India: Thompson-Balys.

S322.1.5.1. S322.1.5.1. King, jealous of son, banishes him and his wife. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 210.

S322.2. S322.2. Jealous mother casts daughter forth. (Cf. S12.) *Type 709; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 30 No. 1.

S322.2.1. S322.2.1. Mother exposes child (for fear of jealous co-wife). Irish myth: *Cross.

S322.3. S322.3. Jealous co-wife kills woman’s children. (Cf. K2222.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 246 No. 36, (Zulu): Callaway 237.

S322.3.1. S322.3.1. Jealous co-wife demands murder of woman‘s children. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S322.3.2. S322.3.2. Jealous concubine plots against real wife’s daughter. Chinese: Graham.

S322.4. S322.4. Evil stepmother casts boy forth. *Types 592; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S322.4.1. S322.4.1. Banishment (death) of stepchildren demanded as cure for feigned illness. India: Thompson-Balys.

S322.4.2. S322.4.2. Evil stepmother orders stepdaughter to be killed. Irish myth: *Cross.

S322.4.3. S322.4.3. Stepmother irritates two stepsons so that one kills the other. India: Thompson-Balys.

S322.5. S322.5. Repulsed lover kills woman‘s child. Dickson 73 n. 26.

S322.6. S322.6. Jealous mother-in-law and sisters cast woman’s children forth. Roberts 132; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S322.7. S322.7. Evil stepmother works stepdaughter to death in absence of merchant husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

S324. S324. Pregnant woman ordered by husband to kill child to be born. Irish myth: Cross.

S325. S325. Diseased child exposed. Africa (Kaffir): Kidd 224 No. 1.

S325.0.1. S325.0.1. Monstrous (deformed) child exposed. (Cf. S11.3.2, T550.) Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 55; Chinese: Graham; Marquesas: Handy 114; Tonga: Gifford 31, 60.

S325.0.1.1. S325.0.1.1. Child born with caul exposed. Irish myth: Cross.

S326. S326. Disobedient children cast forth. India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 205.

S326.1. S326.1. Disobedient child burned. Irish myth: Cross.

S327. S327. Child cast out because of his stupidity. Type 563; Grimm No. 36; India: Thompson-Balys.

S327.1. S327.1. Father wants to kill son because of foolish boasting. India: Thompson-Balys.

S327.2. S327.2. Baby ordered killed because it pulls beard of father (raja). India: Thompson-Balys.

S327.3. S327.3. Half-wit abandoned because of his tricks. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 23.

S328. S328. Mother sells her child to heathen sailors. Boje 63, *67.

S329. S329. Reasons for abandonment of children--miscellaneous.

S329.1. S329.1. Child exposed so as to avoid death decree. India: Thompson-Balys.

S330. S330. Circumstances of murder or exposure of children.

S331. S331. Exposure of child in boat (floating chest). See references for S141, nearly all of which refer to this motif. Type 930; W. R. Halliday Indo-European Folk Tales and Greek Legend (London, 1933) 55; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Greek: Grote I 103; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 558, 931; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 152.

S332. S332. Queen hides her child and accuses wolf of eating it. Malone PMLA XLIII 437.

S333. S333. Child‘s ankles pierced before exposing him. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 344 n. 1 (Oedipus).

S334. S334. Tokens of royalty (nobility) left with exposed child. (Cf. H80.) *Penzer VII 81 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells 134 (Sir Degare), 126 (Lai Le Freine); Greek: Fox 71.

S334.1. S334.1. Child exposed with twelve years’ supply of food and attendants. India: Thompson-Balys.

S335. S335. Child exposed at palace gate. Penzer VII 81 n. 1, 82 n., 250.

S336. S336. Abandoned child wrapped in straw. DeVries FFC LXXIII 326f.

S337. S337. Children enticed into grain pot and imprisoned. India: Thompson-Balys.

S338. S338. Father abandons his daughter in forest and leaves axes tied so that they move in wind. Daughter thinks he is cutting wood. *Roberts 137.

S341. S341. Exposure prevented.

S341.1. S341.1. Exposure given up on account of newborn son‘s protesting stanza. Icelandic: Boberg.

S342. S342. Mother induced by rival to kill her children. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S345. S345. Parents trick children into going on hunt, and then abandon them in forest. (Cf. S143.) India: Thompson-Balys.

S350. S350. Fate of abandoned child. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 54 No. 33; Japanese: Ikeda.

S350.1. S350.1. Infant condemned to death saved by a smile. Irish myth: Cross.

S350.2. S350.2. Child driven out (exposed) brought up in secret. Irish myth: *Cross.

S351. S351. Abandoned child cared for by mother secretly. (Cf. R153.) Africa (Zulu): Callaway 236, (Basuto): Jacottet 128ff. No. 18.

S351.0.1. S351.0.1. Abandoned child made over to its own mother (sister) acting as wet nurse. Jewish: *Neuman.

S351.1. S351.1. Abandoned child cared for by grandmother (aunt, foster mother). Irish: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 167; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 91.

S351.2. S351.2. Abandoned child reared by herdsman. (Cf. R131.3.) Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 241, 263; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 458.

S351.2.1. S351.2.1. Abandoned princess, brought up by herdsmen, becomes wife of king. Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 378.

S352. S352. Animal aids abandoned child(ren). (Cf. B535.) Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Sherenti): Lowe BBAE CXLIII (1) 515; West Indies: Flowers 576.

S352.1. S352.1. Animal preserves fire for abandoned children in a clam shell. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 347, 349 nn. 247, 255.

S353. S353. Abandoned child reared by supernatural beings. India: *Thompson-Balys; Maori: Dixon 42.

S353.1. S353.1. Deity nurtures and rears abandoned child. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1366.

S353.2. S353.2. Exposed children miraculously fed by angels. Jewish: Neuman.

S354. S354. Exposed infant reared at strange king’s court (Joseph, Oedipus). *Type 931; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 165, 372; India: Thompson-Balys.

S354.1. S354.1. Abandoned child adopted and found by queen. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S354.2. S354.2. Travelers find exposed baby girl and take her to emperor‘s court. India: Thompson-Balys.

S354.3. S354.3. Prince (princess) adopts exposed child. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Wachaga): Gutmann 142.

S355. S355. Exposed child carried off by wild beast. (Cf. R13.) Dickson 169ff.

S356. S356. Children left at home seek exposed brothers and sisters. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 207.

S357. S357. Abandoned sister rescued by brothers. When she is refused entrance to house, she makes complaint in a song and brothers bring her clothes. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 883C*.

S361. S361. Bird carries food from deserted child to starving parents. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 348 n. 250.

S362. S362. Starving parents come to abandoned child for food. Jewish: *Neuman (Joseph); Sulka of New Britain: Dixon 132 n. 2; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 349 n. 255.

S365. S365. Maltreated children transformed. (Cf. D642.)

S365.1. S365.1. Maltreated children transformed to doves. India: Thompson-Balys.

S366. S366. Abandoned children return and kill parents. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 89.

S371. S371. Abandoned daughter‘s son becomes hero. *Dixon 130, 132 n. 2, 136 nn. 10, 11; Greek: Grote I 854; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S375. S375. Old woman’s maledictions inform abandoned hero of his parentage and future. He has knocked her over (broken pots). *Cosquin Contes indiens 398.

S376. S376. Tree feeds abandoned children with its sap. India: Thompson-Balys.

S378. S378. Deserted children become Thunder. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 91.

S400--S499.

S400--S499. Cruel persecutions.

S400. S400. Cruel persecutions.

S401. S401. Unsuccessful attempts to kill person in successive reincarnations (transformations). Egyptian: Petrie Egyptian Tales (London, 1895) I 36ff., Von Sydow “Den fornegyptiska Sagan om de tvе Brцderna” Yearbook of the New Society of Letters of Lund, 1930, 53ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

S410. S410. Persecuted wife. *Types 450, 705, 706, 707, 708, 712, 872*; *BP II 236, 284; *Schlauch Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927); *Hibbard 29, 35ff.; *Wehrhan 51; *Krappe Anglia XLIX 361ff. --Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa II No. 105; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 365, III 104, Rink 441, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 198.

S411. S411. Wife banished. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 526.

S411.1. S411.1. Misunderstood wife banished by husband. She has decorated the house for his homecoming, but he thinks that she is expecting a paramour. *Type 890 (Christiansen Norske Eventyr 113); Japanese: Ikeda.

S411.2. S411.2. Wife banished for some small fault. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S411.2.1. S411.2.1. Queen banished for saying that man‘s condition depends on what kind of wife he has. India: Thompson-Balys.

S411.3. S411.3. Barren wife sent away. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S411.4. S411.4. Wife banished because she eats by stealth. India: Thompson-Balys.

S412. S412. Heroine taunted with her unknown past. (Cf. F302.) Dickson 74.

S412.1. S412.1. Husband expels wife because her industry indicates her peasant origin. Chinese: Graham.

S413. S413. Unfaithful husband and his mistress persecute his wife. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

S413.1. S413.1. Ogress-wife orders raja to turn out his six wives. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S413.2. S413.2. Second wife orders husband to persecute first. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S414. S414. Woman abandoned when with child. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1038.

S416. S416. Queen banished when she defeats king in argument. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S430. S430. Disposal of cast-off wife.

S431. S431. Cast-off wife exposed in boat. *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83ff.

S431.1. S431.1. Cast-off wife and child exposed in boat. Hibbard 26ff.; English: Wells 115 (Sir Eglamour of Artois), 117 (Sir Torrent of Portyngale), 129 (Emare), Chaucer’s Man of Law‘s Tale; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 3; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 155 n. 3; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

S432. S432. Cast-off wife thrown into water. (Cf. S142.) *Types 403, 450, 707; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 382ff., (Teton): Dorsey JAFL II 137.

S433. S433. Cast-off wife abandoned on island. (Cf. S145.) Type 890 (Christiansen Norske Eventyr 113); Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 105, 119.

S435. S435. Cast-off wife abandoned in pit. (Cf. T581.2.) India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 202.

S436. S436. Cast-off wife‘s head shaven. India: Thompson-Balys.

S437. S437. Cast-off wife sent to herd cows. India: Thompson-Balys.

S438. S438. Abandoned queen blinded. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S441. S441. Cast-off wife and child abandoned in forest. (Cf. S143.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

S442. S442. Outcast wife and her son live in poverty. India: *Thompson-Balys.

S445. S445. Abandoned wife hidden under a tub. Cox 501; Grimm No. 9.

S446. S446. Rejected wife asks to take away only what she brought. Type 887; Chinese: Graham.

S450. S450. Fate of outcast wife.

S451. S451. Outcast wife at last united with husband and children. *Types 706, 712, 938; *Loomis White Magic 118; *Chauvin VI 167ff. No. 327. Chauvin discusses the following stories having this motif: St. Clement, St. Eustace, Crescentia, Hildegarde, Florence, Octavianus, Sebile, Genevieve of Brabant, Euriant, the Maiden without Hands, Helena of Constantinople, the Count of Toulouse.--Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 105, 119, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 138--41; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list Nos. 201, 202.

S452. S452. Outcast wife commits suicide when confronted with heads of relatives killed in revenge for her wrong-doing. Irish myth: Cross.

S453. S453. Exposed woman helped by magician. India: Thompson-Balys.

S460. S460. Other cruel persecutions.

S461. S461. Tale-bearer unjustly drowned for lack of proof of accusation. Irish myth: Cross.

S463. S463. Jealous wife has merchant turn out queen and son, whom he had befriended and taken into his home. India: Thompson-Balys.

S464. S464. Deity appears before persecuted youngest brother and gives him a flock of sheep. India: Thompson-Balys.

S465. S465. Abandoned person in woods comforted by prophet and birds. (Cf. S143.) *Grьnwald Hessische Blдtter fьr Vksk. XXX--XXXI 315.

S466. S466. Practice of one‘s religion forbidden. Jewish: *Neuman.

S471. S471. Persecuted sons of co-wife. (Cf. K2222.) India: Thompson-Balys.

S481. S481. Cruelty to animals. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 181 No. 123.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Sex

T. SEX

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

T0--T99. Love

T0. Love

T10. Falling in love

T30. Lovers’ meeting

T50. Wooing

T70. The scorned lover

T80. Tragic love

T90. Love--miscellaneous motifs

T100--T199. Marriage

T100. Marriage

T110. Unusual marriage

T130. Marriage customs

T150. Happenings at weddings

T160. Consummation of marriage

T200--T299. Married life

T200. Married life

T210. Faithfulness in marriage

T230. Faithlessness in marriage

T250. Characteristics of wives and husbands

T280. Other aspects of married life

T300--T399. Chastity and celibacy

T300. Chastity and celibacy

T310. Celibacy and continence

T320. Escape from undesired lover

T330. Anchorites under temptation

T350. Chaste sleeping together

T360. Chastity and celibacy--miscellaneous

T400--T499. Illicit sexual relations

T400. Illicit sexual relations

T410. Incest

T450. Prostitution and concubinage

T460. Sexual perversions

T470. Illicit sexual relations--miscellaneous motifs

T500--T599. Conception and birth

T500. Conception and birth

T510. Miraculous conception

T540. Miraculous birth

T550. Monstrous births

T570. Pregnancy

T580. Childbirth

T590. Conception and birth--miscellaneous motifs

T600--T699. Care of children

T600. Care of children

T610. Nurture and growth of children

T640. Illegitimate children

T670. Adoption of children

T680. Care of children--miscellaneous motifs

T.

T. SEX

T. T. Sex.

T0--T99.

T0--T99. Love.

T0. T0. Love. Irish myth: *Cross.

T1. T1. Zeus gives man modesty, but it leaves when love enters. Wienert FFC LVI 36; Halm Aesop No. 148.

T2. T2. The relative pleasures of love. Do men or women have the greater pleasure in sexual intercourse? Man who has been transformed to woman answers that women have the greater pleasure. The goddess blinds him as punishment. Krappe Science of Folklore 6f.; Penzer VII 227; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 367 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.

T3. T3. Omens in love affairs.

T3.1. T3.1. Blue fortunate in love matters. English: Child II 182, 512a.

T4. T4. Person wants to learn art of love.

T4.1. T4.1. Herdsman to learn art of love so he can become a holy man. India: Thompson-Balys.

T6. T6. Love as inducement to idolatry. Jewish: *Neuman.

T8. T8. Sexual desire as original sin. Jewish; Neuman.

T10. T10. Falling in love. India: Thompson-Balys.

T10.1. T10.1. Sluggish prince reformed by falling in love. *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 IV 38, 276.

T10.1.1. T10.1.1. Gambler reformed by falling in love. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T10.1.2. T10.1.2. Love transforms crude individual into a polished courtier. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T10.2. T10.2. Angel of love compels man to fall in love. Jewish: Neuman.

T10.3. T10.3. Girl continually falling in love. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T11. T11. Falling in love with person never seen.

T11.1. T11.1. Love from mere mention or description. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 100; *Chauvin V 132 No. 112; *Penzer X 214 s.v. “Love by mere mention”; Malone PMLA XLIII 399; *Dickson 188 n. 63; Hibbard 208 n. 18, 226 n. 1; *Cross MPh XII 612 n. 3; Moore PMLA XXIX (1914) 527f.; Fb “hеr” IV 241b. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7, *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T11.1.1. T11.1.1. Beauty of woman reported to king causes quest for her as his bride. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

T11.2. T11.2. Love through sight of picture. *Types 403, 516, 900; *BP I 45ff., 443ff.; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 98; Philippson FFC L 11f.; *Penzer X 214 s.v. “love with a painting”, 263 s.v. “picture, falling in love”; Fb “portrжt” II 863; *Kцhler-Bolte I 127, 520ff., 527; Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 430; Herbert III 204; Oesterley No. 62.--English: Wells 81 (Sir Tristrem); Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “portrait”; Missouri French: Carriиre; Arabian: Burton Nights S II 194ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 61f., 252; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 218.

T11.2.0.1. T11.2.0.1. Ugly picture of suitor makes girl refuse him. Icelandic: Boberg.

T11.2.1. T11.2.1. Love through sight of statue. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 99; Kцhler-Bolte I 520 ff., 527; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

T11.2.1.1. T11.2.1.1. Youth makes statue of girl and seeks a girl like the statue. Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 63, 76, II 476, 1090; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 374 No. 107.

T11.3. T11.3. Love through dream. Falling in love with a person seen in a dream. *Type 516; *BP I 45; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 100; *Chauvin V 132 No. 112; *Penzer III 82 n. 2, IX 36 n. 1; *Moore PMLA XXIX 527f.; Rohde Griechische Roman 45ff.; Dunlop-Wilson II 258; Bйdier Fabliaux (1895) 113ff.; *Krappe Revue Hispanique LXXXI 5ff. --Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 78, *Cross; Icelandic: M. Moe in Edda 1914 p. 245, *Boberg; Arabian: Basset 1001 Contes I 136, II 68; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 73 No. 40, 136 No. 63; Indonesia: J. Brandes Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde XLI 295f., 469, Jeynboll Supplement Catalogus Jav. -- Madoereesche Handschriften I 53ff.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 231; N. A. Indian (Yana): Curtin Creation Myths 425ff.; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis III 247; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 211f. No. 73, 220 No. 74.

T11.3.1. T11.3.1. Lovers meet in their dreams. Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 341; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer III 82.

T11.3.2. T11.3.2. Dream about a marriage with another’s wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

T11.4. T11.4. Love through sight of something belonging to unknown princess. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 103b. nn. 169--76; India: Thompson-Balys.

T11.4.1. T11.4.1. Love through sight of hair of unknown princess. **Golther Die Jungfrau mit den goldenen Haaren (Leipzig, 1893); *Cosquin Contes indiens 50 n. 2, 351ff.; Kцhler-Bolte II 328ff.; Chavannes III 258 No. 470; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippines: Dixon 169.

T11.4.1.1. T11.4.1.1. Love through sight of hair of unknown hero. India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Shasta): Thompson Tales 196.

T11.4.2. T11.4.2. Love through sight of slipper of unknown princess. *Cosquin Йtudes 8; Saintyves Perrault 115; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T11.4.3. T11.4.3. Love through finding lady‘s wreath. Cowell Jataka IV 144; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 586.

T11.4.3.1. T11.4.3.1. Love through seeing bouquet. India: Thompson-Balys.

T11.4.4. T11.4.4. Love through seeing marks of lady’s teeth in fruit which she has bitten. Indonesia: DeVries Volksverhalen II 89ff. No. 110.

T11.4.5. T11.4.5. Love through finding lady‘s handkerchief. India: Thompson-Balys.

T11.4.6. T11.4.6. Love through finding lady’s ornament (ring, comb, etc.). India: Thompson-Balys.

T11.4.7. T11.4.7. Falling in love at receipt of girl‘s amulet. Jewish: Neuman.

T11.5. T11.5. Falling in love with reflection in water. Princess thus first sees prince. Malone PMLA XLIII 400; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

T11.5.1. T11.5.1. Falling in love with one’s own reflection in water. (Narcissus.) Italian Novella: Rotunda; Ovid Metamorphoses Bk. 3.

T11.6. T11.6. Wish for wife red as blood, white as snow, black as raven. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9, V No. 9.

T11.7. T11.7. Love through sight in magic mirror. (Cf. D1163.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

T11.8. T11.8. Falling in love with beautiful voice. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1185.

T12. T12. Love through prophecy that prince shall marry the fairest. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXII 100.

T13. T13. Woman falls in love as result of husband‘s praise of her suitor. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T15. T15. Love at first sight. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 614, II 355, 1369.

T15.1. T15.1. Princess so lovely that everyone falls in love with her. India: Thompson-Balys.

T16. T16. Man falls in love with woman he sees bathing. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T16.0.1. T16.0.1. Woman falls in love with man she sees bathing. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T16.0.2. T16.0.2. Bathing woman sees hero and falls in love with him. India: Thompson-Balys.

T16.1. T16.1. Man falls in love by the sight of woman‘s white arms. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 110f.

T16.2. T16.2. Man falls in love on seeing dead body of beautiful girl. (Cf. T466.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T21. T21. Mutual love through accidental drinking of love philtre. Schoepperle II 587a s.v. “potion”; English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem).

T22. T22. Predestined lovers. Future wife or husband assigned by destiny. (Cf. T54.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

T22.1. T22.1. Lovers mated before birth. Fate compels their union as soon as they meet. Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 377 No. 108.

T22.2. T22.2. Predestined wife. (Cf. M312.1.) Basset 1001 Contes II 208 n. 1; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman FFC VI No. 930*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 934A*; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 202 No. 149, FFC CXXVIII 179 No. 95; Japanese: Ikeda.

T22.3. T22.3. Predestined husband. Icelandic: Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 450a n. 534; Italian: Basile Pentamerone, Introduction; Japanese: Ikeda.

T22.4. T22.4. Lovers fated to marry each other born at same time; identical prophecies for both. (Cf. T61.5.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T24. T24. The symptoms of love. *Penzer VII 139 n. 2; *Rohde Der griechische Roman 157ff.; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T24.1. T24.1. Love-sickness. *Penzer II 9 n. 2, 10 n., III 68 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “amoureux”; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.

T24.1.1. T24.1.1. Night emissions from lusting after certain woman bring man near death. India: Thompson-Balys.

T24.2. T24.2. Swooning for love. *Type 516; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 98; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer II 10 n.; Chinese: Graham.

T24.2.1. T24.2.1. Fainting away for love (or sexual desire). (Cf. F1041.1.6.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T24.2.2. T24.2.2. Swooning for fright that lover shall be killed. Icelandic: Boberg.

T24.2.3. T24.2.3. Fainting away from seeing an extraordinary beauty. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T24.3. T24.3. Madness from love. *Chauvin VI 51 No. 217 n. 2; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 300; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T24.4. T24.4. Woman takes on lover’s deformity (while conversing with him). Irish myth: *Cross.

T24.5. T24.5. Boy turns red and white from love. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T24.6. T24.6. Lover refuses food and drink. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T24.7. T24.7. Waiting for twenty-two years to see a beauty. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T24.8. T24.8. Man promises to sacrifice self in order to marry beloved. India: Thompson-Balys.

T25. T25. Miraculous healing from a passionate love. *Loomis White Magic 124; Irish myth: *Cross. (T24.3.1).

T26. T26. Attention distracted by sight of beloved.

T26.1. T26.1. Finger cut because of absorption in the charms of beloved. The person cutting food cannot take his eyes off the man (woman) opposite him. *Kцhler-Bolte I 579, II 79ff., 83ff.; Jewish: *Neuman.

T27. T27. Unusual success in love. *Loomis White Magic 82.

T27.1. T27.1. Thirty young girls fall in love with a young man. *Loomis White Magic 82.

T27.2. T27.2. Seventy princesses in love with hero. He loves only the youngest one. India: Thompson-Balys.

T27.3. T27.3. Hundred rajas fall in love with one woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

T28. T28. Princess falls in love with a man disguised as a woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

T29. T29. Falling in love--miscellaneous.

T29.1. T29.1. Boy and girl fall in love when curtain is pulled aside. India: Thompson-Balys.

T30. T30. Lovers’ meeting. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T31. T31. Lovers’ meeting: hero in service of heroine. As page, or the like. Dickson 143. Cf. Folie Tristan.

T31.1. T31.1. Lovers‘ meeting: hero in service of lady’s father. *Type 314; Malone PMLA XLIII 421; Boccaccio Decameron II No. 6; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T32. T32. Lovers‘ meeting: heroine heals hero’s wounds. (Cf. T67.2.) *Dickson 148 n. 158; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T32.1. T32.1. Lovers‘ meeting: hero in heroine’s father‘s prison from which she helps him to escape. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T33. T33. Man transformed to animal kept as pet by heroine. (Cf. D658.) Malone PMLA XLIII 401f.

T34. T34. Lovers meet at social gathering.

T34.1. T34.1. Sudden love as woman pours drink for man at festival. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T34.2. T34.2. Falling in love while playing game.

T34.2.1. T34.2.1. Falling in love while playing draughts. Danish: Grundtvig No. 238; Icelandic: Boberg.

T35. T35. Lovers’ rendezvous. (Cf. R315.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre.

T35.0.1. T35.0.1. Lover late at rendezvous; detained by incessant talker. Chauvin V 155 No. 78 n. 1.

T35.0.2. T35.0.2. Magic sleep causes lover to miss appointment with mistress. Irish myth: Cross.

T35.1. T35.1. Fountain (well) as lovers’ rendezvous. Malone PMLA XLIII 402; Nouvelles de Sens No. 3; Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman.

T35.2. T35.2. Pavilion as lovers‘ rendezvous. *Dickson 61 n. 4.

T35.3. T35.3. Girl intoxicates nurse to keep rendezvous with lover. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T35.4. T35.4. Hesitation in making up mind spoils lovers’ rendezvous. (Cf. J2166.) Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 81; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T35.5. T35.5. Lover goes to see his beloved in her husband‘s (or her father’s) house, defiant of the danger. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T36. T36. Girl sleeps in garden to meet lover. Discovered next morning and married. Boccaccio Decameron V No. 4; von der Hagen II *xi, 71 No. 25; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T37. T37. Lover finds lady in tomb apparently dead. She revives and marries him. Boccaccio Decameron X No. 4 (Lee 313ff.); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T37.0.1. T37.0.1. “Poisoned” woman revives. Husband tries to poison wife. Student substitutes sleeping potion for poison, takes her from the tomb. When she revives he claims her as his own. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T37.1. T37.1. Despairing lover at lady‘s tomb takes poison. She revives to learn of his fatal error and shares his fate. (Romeo and Juliet.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T41. T41. Communication of lovers.

T41.1. T41.1. Communication of lovers through hole in wall. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Fox 201 (Pyramus and Thisbe); Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Malecite): Mechling GSCan VI No. 21, (Fox): Jones PAES I 145 (the last two tell of sexual relations through hole in a tent).

T41.2. T41.2. Communication of lovers through hole in floor. India: Thompson-Balys.

T41.3. T41.3. Lovers‘ signal. Informs lover when he must come. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T42. T42. Conversation of lovers.

T42.1. T42.1. Unacquainted lovers converse in sign language. Penzer VI 247f.

T42.2. T42.2. Lovers converse in figures of speech not understood by others. Irish myth: *Cross.

T45. T45. Lover buys admission to woman’s room. *Type 900; BP I 446; *Philippson FFC L 26f.; *Fb “guldrok” I 514b, “guldhaspe” I 513b.

T46. T46. Suitor outwits watchman to meet lady.

T46.1. T46.1. To reach beauty young man climbs eight fences watched by one hundred guards. Tonga: Gifford 187.

T47. T47. Heroine hidden by stepmother when suitor comes. *Roberts 222.

T50. T50. Wooing. India: Thompson-Balys.

T50.1. T50.1. Girl carefully guarded from suitors. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 551a nn. 228--36; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 577.

T50.1.1. T50.1.1. Girl carefully guarded by mother. (Cf. K1349.4.) Irish myth: Cross; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151, 165.

T50.1.2. T50.1.2. Girl carefully guarded by father. Irish myth: *Cross; Africa (Togo): Einstein 12f.

T50.1.3. T50.1.3. Girl carefully guarded from suitors by hag. Irish myth: *Cross.

T50.1.4. T50.1.4. Cat and dog as guards of imprisoned beauty. (Cf. B576.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T50.2. T50.2. King likes his daughter so much that he does not wish to marry her to anyone. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T50.2.1. T50.2.1. King unwilling to marry his daughter to a man not her equal. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T50.3. T50.3. Mythical being asks for girl in marriage. (Cf. T111.) S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 158f.

T51. T51. Wooing by emissary. *Schoepperle I 188 n. 3, 202; Icelandic: Half saga ok Hбlfsrekka 69, *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

T51.1. T51.1. Wooing emissary wins lady’s love for himself. *Kцhler-Bolte II 328ff.; Schoepperle passim; English: Wells 43 (Arthour and Merlin); Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 159; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 210.

T51.1.1. T51.1.1. Wooing emissary admitted to woman‘s room. Elopes with her. (Cf. K1349.1.5.) Icelandic: Boberg.

T51.2. T51.2. King wooes through his daughter and the princess’s maiden. Icelandic: Boberg.

T51.3. T51.3. Match arranged by means of pictures of both parties. India: Thompson-Balys.

T51.3.1. T51.3.1. Messengers seek wife for hero to resemble image they carry with them. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 354.

T52. T52. Bride purchased. *Type 890 (Christiansen Norske Eventyr 113); *Fb “brud” IV 64a; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 130, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; Greek: *Grote I 157, 163; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 57; Africa (Fang): Tessman 175f.

T52.1. T52.1. Prince buys twig (flower) (enchanted girl) from her mother. (Cf. D212, D215.) Type 652; BP II 125; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2.

T52.2. T52.2. Purchase money instead of bride given to suitor to settle dispute. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 74ff. No. 16.

T52.3. T52.3. Bride purchased for her weight in gold. East Africa: Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens (Cairo, 1888) 48ff. No. 4.

T52.4. T52.4. Dowry given at marriage of daughter. Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T52.4.1. T52.4.1. Amount of dowry fixed by custom in bride‘s family. India: Thompson-Balys.

T52.5. T52.5. Attempt to purchase wife. Chinese: Graham.

T52.6. T52.6. Rich girl gives poor suitor necklace with which to pay her bride-price. India: Thompson-Balys.

T52.7. T52.7. Princess asked for in return for sparing palace. (Cf. S222.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T52.8. T52.8. Absent man’s wife demanded in law court in payment of debt by creditor. India: Thompson-Balys.

T52.9. T52.9. Village given to bride-to-be as part of her dowry. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 698.

T53. T53. Matchmakers. India: Thompson-Balys.

T53.0.1. T53.0.1. Matchmakers arrange weddings. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T53.1. T53.1. Incognito prophet as matchmaker. Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 177f., 374.

T53.2. T53.2. Christ as matchmaker. *Type 822. See references for T125.

T53.3. T53.3. Saint as matchmaker. Irish myth: *Cross.

T53.4. T53.4. God occupied with matchmaking. Jewish: *Neuman.

T53.5. T53.5. Barber as matchmaker. India: Thompson-Balys.

T54. T54. Choosing bride by horoscope. (Cf. B152.2, M302.4, T22.) Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 376 No. 108.

T55. T55. Girl as wooer. Forthputting woman. *Cross MPh XII 612 n. 3; Hibbard 208 n. 18; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T55.1. T55.1. Princess declares her love for lowly hero. *Type 314; *Dickson 144 n. 146; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 120.

T55.1.1. T55.1.1. Princess declares love for courtier. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T55.2. T55.2. Servant-girl helps prince if he will make her chief wife. Malone PMLA XLIII 400.

T55.3. T55.3. Lady in love with ruler enlists friend’s aid. Rendezvous arranged. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T55.4. T55.4. Little girl will give prince marvelous objects if he promises to marry her later. India: Thompson-Balys.

T55.4.1. T55.4.1. Gift made by bride to husband. Irish myth: *Cross.

T55.5. T55.5. Princess feigns sickness to woo hero. Only marriage to him will cure her. India: Thompson-Balys.

T55.6. T55.6. Person (man, woman) exhibits figure. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

T55.6.1. T55.6.1. Maidens (women) request hero to exhibit figure. Irish myth: *Cross.

T55.7. T55.7. Princess elects herself husband from the young men present. (Cf. H311, H362, T131.0.1.) Type 530.

T55.8. T55.8. Princess declares love by presenting cup of drink at feast. Krappe Revue Hispanique LXXXI (1933); Irish myth: Cross.

T55.9. T55.9. Harper as love messenger sent by girl. Irish myth: *Cross.

T55.10. T55.10. Princess offers reward for securing prince as husband for her. India: Thompson-Balys.

T55.11. T55.11. Princess transforms self to woo. (Cf. D658.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T56. T56. Means of attracting sweetheart.

T56.1. T56.1. Bride attracted by music. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T56.1.1. T56.1.1. Bride attracted by flute. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 209 No. 157; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 224; West Indies: Flowers 577.

T56.2. T56.2. Image of God of Love sent to fetch bride. (Cf. A475.) *Penzer I 77 n. 1.

T56.3. T56.3. Forgotten fiancйe sends lover false diamond inscribed with Christ‘s last words: “Oh Lord why hast Thou forsaken me?” Lover returns. (Cf. D2003.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T56.4. T56.4. Beautiful woman enticed by wonderful flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

T57. T57. Declaration of love.

T57.1. T57.1. Lover declares himself by showing her own reflection to his beloved. (Cf. T91.6.1.1.) Heptameron No. 24.

T58. T58. Wooing the strong and beautiful bride. *Type 519; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T61. T61. Betrothal. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

T61.1. T61.1. Betrothal by lovers’ drinking each other‘s blood. *Fb “blod” IV 46b.

T61.2. T61.2. Parting lovers pledge not to marry for seven years. Child V 488 s.v. “Marriage”.

T61.3. T61.3. At betrothal maid makes shirt for her lover. Child V 496 s.v. “Shirt”; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T61.4. T61.4. Betrothal ceremony.

T61.4.1. T61.4.1. Liquor brewed for betrothal. India: Thompson-Balys.

T61.4.2. T61.4.2. At betrothal ceremony both parties drink out of the loving-cup. India: Thompson-Balys.

T61.4.3. T61.4.3. Engagement ritual: intermediary sprinkles girl with flour. India: Thompson-Balys.

T61.4.4. T61.4.4. Token of betrothal sent to parents of a proposed bridegroom; acceptance means agreement to proposed match. India: Thompson-Balys.

T61.4.5. T61.4.5. Betrothal by gold ring. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T61.4.5.1. T61.4.5.1. Dying lover sends his sweetheart his ring. (Cf. T81.) Icelandic: Boberg.

T61.5. T61.5. Children born on same night betrothed. (Cf. B311, T22.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

T61.5.1. T61.5.1. Betrothal of hero to princess while both are still in cradle. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 23; India: Thompson-Balys.

T61.5.2. T61.5.2. Children ten and twelve years old betroth themselves. Icelandic: Boberg.

T61.5.3. T61.5.3. Unborn children promised in marriage to each other. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1097; Madagascar: Renel I 168ff. No. 30.

T62. T62. Princess to marry first man who asks for her. *Type 900; BP 443ff.; *Philippson FFC L 21f.; *Chauvin V 234 No. 134 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T62.1. T62.1. Man to marry first woman who gives him alms. India: Thompson-Balys.

T62.2. T62.2. Minister’s daughter to marry first bachelor who arrives. Korean: Zong in-Sob 112 No. 58.

T63. T63. Princess‘s husband selected by elephant bowing to him. (Cf. H171.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T64. T64. King seeks bride only because counsellors insist. *Thien Motive 4; Chaucer’s Clerk‘s Tale; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T65. T65. Betrothal restrictions.

T65.1. T65.1. Maiden will not give her troth to two brothers successively. English: Child V 487 s.v. “Maid”.

T65.1.1. T65.1.1. Girl formally betrothed can never marry another should anything happen to prevent her from marrying the first. India: Thompson-Balys.

T65.2. T65.2. Mercenary soldier (exile) unsuitable as husband. Irish myth: *Cross.

T66. T66. Help in wooing. (Cf. B582.)

T66.1. T66.1. Grateful dead man helps hero win princess. *Type 506; India: Thompson-Balys. See references for E341 (the grateful dead).

T66.2. T66.2. Grateful little boys help hero win girl. Chinese: Graham.

T67. T67. Prince offered as prize.

T67.1. T67.1. Marriage to prince as reward for disenchanting him. (Cf. L162.) Italian: Basile Pentamerone Int.

T67.2. T67.2. Marriage to prince as reward for curing him. Italian: Basile Pentamerone II Nos. 2, 5; India: Thompson-Balys.

T67.3. T67.3. Prince will marry girl who will rescue him from embarrassing position. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 1.

T67.3.1. T67.3.1. King marries girl who frees him from the clutches of magic doll. (Cf. D1268.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T68. T68. Princess offered as prize. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 130f.; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T68.1. T68.1. Princess offered as prize to rescuer. *Types 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 506, 653; *Hartland Perseus III 1--65; *MacCulloch Childhood 17f.; Irish myth: Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 420; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 89 No. 5.

T68.2. T68.2. Earl’s daughter as reward to knight who helped to kill fierce buffalo. Icelandic: Boberg.

T68.3. T68.3. Princess as prize to man who saves his country. Chinese: Graham.

T68.4. T68.4. Vanquished king gives hero his daughter and control over his kingdom. India: Thompson-Balys.

T68.5. T68.5. Girl marries hunter when he promises to return to monkey brothers their human form. (Cf. D118.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T69. T69. Wooing--miscellaneous motifs.

T69.1. T69.1. 100 brothers seek 100 sisters as wives. (Seven--seven, fifty--fifty, etc.) Type 303*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 303*; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 853.

T69.1.1. T69.1.1. Three brothers married to three sisters. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T69.1.2. T69.1.2. Seven princesses sought by seven princes. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T69.2. T69.2. Parents affiance children without their knowledge. Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 101; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T69.2.1. T69.2.1. Parents wooing one of seven daughters for their son. Chinese: Graham.

T69.2.2. T69.2.2. Parents decide princess can marry no one who weighs more than she. India: Thompson-Balys.

T69.3. T69.3. Man gives daughter in return for his release. (Cf. S222.) Irish myth: Cross.

T69.3.1. T69.3.1. Raja betroths his daughter to visitor‘s son as a compensation for murder. India: Thompson-Balys.

T69.4. T69.4. Bashful suitor directs his wooing to an oak. Icelandic: Boberg.

T69.5. T69.5. Father punishes daughter by giving her to poor man in marriage. Chinese: Graham.

T70. T70. The scorned lover. Chinese: Graham.

T71. T71. Women scorned in love. *Dickson 87ff. nn. 50, 55; Penzer II 109, 120ff., III 109f., IV 91, 104ff., V 259 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T71.1. T71.1. Accidental death fate of woman scorned in love. Irish myth: *Cross.

T71.2. T71.2. Woman avenges scorned love. Icelandic: *Boberg; Babylonian: Gilgamesch-Epos VI 6ff.

T71.2.1. T71.2.1. Woman scorned in love complains of man’s coldness. Irish myth: *Cross.

T72. T72. Woman won and then scorned. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T72.1. T72.1. Maid eloping with pretended lover is forced by him to strip. Child V 487 s.v. “Maid”.

T72.2. T72.2. Nobleman marries poor girl and then abandons her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T72.2.1. T72.2.1. Prince marries scornful girl and punishes her. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T72.3. T72.3. Woman sets out to kill man who has won and then scorned her. Ruler brings about their reconciliation. Italian Novella: *Rotunda

T72.4. T72.4. Woman entertains two lovers on alternate nights. They expose the deception and scorn her in public. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 33; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T75. T75. Man scorned by his beloved. Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 357.

T75.0.1. T75.0.1. Suitors ill-treated. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T75.0.2. T75.0.2. Mortal woman rejects deity for human lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

T75.1. T75.1. Scorn of unloved suitor punished. Types 402*; 906*; Icelandic: Boberg.

T75.2. T75.2. Scorned lover kills successful one. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T75.2.1. T75.2.1. Rejected suitors‘ revenge. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T75.3. T75.3. Unrequited love expressed in song (poem). English romance: Malory X 86; Spanish: Childers.

T75.4. T75.4. Lady humiliates lover after he leaves wife for her. Chinese: Graham.

T75.5. T75.5. Scorned lover becomes an anchorite. (Cf. T330.)

T75.6. T75.6. Divine hand catches scorned lover as he plunges from minaret top to die. India: Thompson-Balys.

T76. T76. Princess calls her suitors ugly names. *Type 900; *BP I 443ff.; *Philippson FFC L 14; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 10.

T77. T77. Maid vexes suitor by pretense. Noble maid who is to marry knight pretends to be beggar’s daughter. Child V 487 s.v. “Maid”.

T80. T80. Tragic love. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T81. T81. Death from love. *Penzer II 8, 9 n. 2, 10, V 39, VII 69 n. 1, 103, 258, VIII 98; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 69, 209 No. 157.

T81.1. T81.1. Man dies at bedside of dying sweetheart. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T81.2. T81.2. Death from unrequited love. Virgil Aeneid IV 505ff. (Dido); Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T81.2.1. T81.2.1. Scorned lover kills self. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T81.2.1.1. T81.2.1.1. Scorned lover (woman) threatens to kill self. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T81.3. T81.3. Girl falls dead on lover’s body. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T81.4. T81.4. Man dies when the bride who had been denied him kisses him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T81.5. T81.5. Sick lover dies from exertion of embracing beloved. Heptameron No. 50.

T81.6. T81.6. Girl kills herself after lover‘s death. Herrmann Saxo II 94; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T81.7. T81.7. Woman dies on hearing of lover’s or husband‘s death. (Cf. T211.9.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

T81.8. T81.8. Wife swallows hot coal and dies because her husband is unfaithful. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T82. T82. Bath of blood of beloved to cure love-sick empress. Herbert III 212; Oesterley No. 281; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 60 No. 50.

T83. T83. Hero and Leander. Lover drowned as he swims to see his mistress. *Von der Hagen I cxxviii; *Fb “svцmme” III 695b; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 202.

T83.1. T83.1. Girl drowns as she swims to see her lover. Her brothers deceive her with false signal light. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T84. T84. Lovers treacherously separated. Irish myth: Cross.

T85. T85. Woman mourns dead lover.

T85.1. T85.1. Woman thinking lover dead erects cenotaph and mourns before it. Chauvin V 153 No. 75 n. 1.

T85.2. T85.2. Princess hangs up weapons of dead lover as continual reminder. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 80 No. 69.

T85.3. T85.3. The Pot of Basil. Mistress keeps murdered lover‘s skull in flower-pot. *Belden PMLA XXXIII 327ff.; Boccaccio Decameron IV No. 5 (Lee 136); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T85.4. T85.4. Lover’s body kept embalmed for years by grieving mistress. (Cf. T211.4.) *Hibbard 266.

T85.4.1. T85.4.1. Ring of Fastrada. (Tove‘s magic ring.) Lover keeps body of dead mistress (wife) intact by means of magic ring. When ring is removed from her finger, the body immediately decays and he is cured of his love. **A. Pauls Der Ring der Fastrada (Aachen, 1896); **K. Nyrop Fortids Sagn og Sange 1: Tove’s Tryllering (Kшbenhavn, 1907); *Chauvin II 202 No. 48; *Moth Danske Studier (1915) 97ff.; *BP I 463f.; *G. Paris Journal des Savants Nov. 1896; Euphorion VI 186.

T86. T86. Lovers buried in same grave. *Chauvin V 107 No. 37; Heptameron Nos. 50, 70; Boccaccio Decameron IV No. 8 (Lee 140); Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T86.1. T86.1. Rival suitors kill each other over woman’s love. Woman dies of broken heart and all three are buried in the same grave. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T86.2. T86.2. Lovers die at the same time. Icelandic: FSS 267, Boberg.

T86.3. T86.3. Mistress springs into dead lover‘s grave. Irish myth: *Cross.

T86.4. T86.4. Girl and boy promised to each other by parents both die when they see each other after girl’s marriage to another. India: Thompson-Balys.

T87. T87. Lovers forbidden to marry starve themselves to death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T88. T88. Woman stricken by plague and forsaken by her husband is sought out by unsuccessful lover and dies in his arms. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T88.1. T88.1. Love kept up even after one of the parties is married to another. Icelandic: Boberg.

T89. T89. Tragic love--miscellaneous motifs.

T89.1. T89.1. Woman falls in love with dying warrior. Irish myth: Cross.

T89.1.1. T89.1.1. Princess married to mortally wounded prince and both left in jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

T89.2. T89.2. Woman sacrifices herself in order to save beloved. India: Thompson-Balys.

T90. T90. Love--miscellaneous motifs.

T91. T91. Unequals in love. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T91.1. T91.1. Giant‘s daughter loves hero. See references to G530.2. Icelandic: De la Saussaye 337, *Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T91.1.1. T91.1.1. Giant‘s daughter has child by hero. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T91.2. T91.2. Love of mortal and devil.

T91.2.1. T91.2.1. Devil would be maid’s paramour. (Cf. G303.9.4.7.) Child V 283; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 368*f., 3265.

T91.3. T91.3. Love of mortal and supernatural person. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 23.

T91.3.1. T91.3.1. Supernatural lover performs girl‘s work. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 267 No. 78.

T91.3.2. T91.3.2. Love of goddess for mortal. (Cf. T111.1.) Penzer V 33; Greek: Fox 245.

T91.3.3. T91.3.3. God enamored of mortal. (Cf. A188.) Greek: Grote I 85f., 139, 164; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T91.3.3.1. T91.3.3.1. God falls in love with a woman of low caste. India: Thompson-Balys.

T91.4. T91.4. Age and youth in love.

J21.3. “Do not go where an old man has a young wife”: counsel proved wise by experience.

T91.4.1. T91.4.1. Mature married woman in love with callow youth. Malone PMLA XLIII 418.

T91.4.1.1. T91.4.1.1. Old teacher wishes to marry his young girl pupil. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 860.

T91.5. T91.5. Rich and poor in love.

T91.5.1. T91.5.1. Rich girl in love with poor boy. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 54 No. 405A*; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 247 No. 192.

T91.5.1.1. T91.5.1.1. Daughter of merchant develops intimacy with slave. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 897.

T91.6. T91.6. Noble and lowly in love.

T91.6.1. T91.6.1. Lowly person falls in love with king (queen). Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T91.6.1.1. T91.6.1.1. Courtier in love with queen. Queen asks him whom he loves. He holds up a mirror to her as answer. (Cf. T57.1.) Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T91.6.2. T91.6.2. King (prince) in love with a lowly girl. (Cf. L162, T121.8.) Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1185.

T91.6.2.0.1. T91.6.2.0.1. King covets subject’s wife. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T91.6.3. T91.6.3. Prince falls in love with minister‘s daughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

T91.6.3.1. T91.6.3.1. Prince falls in love with merchant’s daughter exposed in jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

T91.6.4. T91.6.4. Princess falls in love with lowly boy. (Cf. L161.) *Type 314; *Boje 74ff.; Penzer V 250, VIII 115ff.; Krappe “The Legends of Amicus and Amelius and of King Horn” Leuvensche Bijdragen XVI (1924) 14--17; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “jardinier”; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 348ff.

T91.6.4.1. T91.6.4.1. Sultan‘s daughter in love with captured knight. Dickson 133 n. 109; English: Wells 85 (The Sowdone of Babylone).

T91.6.4.1.1. T91.6.4.1.1. Princess falls in love with knight. Marries him after her husband‘s death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T91.6.4.1.2. T91.6.4.1.2. Hostile amazon’s daughter loves hero. Irish myth: *Cross.

T91.6.4.2. T91.6.4.2. Princess falls in love with a king who becomes a slave. India: Thompson-Balys.

T91.6.4.3. T91.6.4.3. Princess runs away with hunchback. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 910.

T91.7. T91.7. Unequals in love--miscellaneous.

T91.7.1. T91.7.1. Brahmin in love with washerwoman. India: Thompson-Balys.

T91.7.2. T91.7.2. Falling in love with someone of a different caste. India: Thompson-Balys.

T92. T92. Rivals in love. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.0.1. T92.0.1. Girl promised to three different suitors; because she is unable to settle the dispute she eats poison and dies. India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.1. T92.1. The triangle plot and its solutions. Two men in love with the same woman; two women with the same man. *Dickson 243 n. 48; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.1.1. T92.1.1. Young wife of old man (king) loves (is loved by) younger man. Irish myth: *Cross.

T92.1.2. T92.1.2. Would-be unfaithful wife. Irish myth: *Cross.

T92.2. T92.2. Three victims of love. Girl loves boy; boy loves singing girl; singing girl loves the girl. All die of despair. *Chauvin V 110 No. 44.

T92.3. T92.3. Girl leaves rescuer for younger lover. Dickson 119 nn. 55, 56.

T92.3.1. T92.3.1. Girl leaves rescuer and elopes with his friend. India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.4. T92.4. Girl mistakenly elopes with the wrong lover. The preferred suitor overtakes them, finds them asleep and waits for them to awaken. He himself falls asleep and when he wakes they have gone. Italian: L. de Francia Novellino (Torino, 1930) Gaulteruzzi MS No. 99, Rotunda.

T92.4.1. T92.4.1. Hero falls asleep while sweetheart is being married to another. India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.4.2. T92.4.2. Letter falsified and elopement with false lover arranged. India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.4.3. T92.4.3. In darkness of night trickster instead of her chosen lover elopes with girl. Tonga: Beckwith Myth 536.

T92.5. T92.5. Lover kills his rival brother. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T92.6. T92.6. Mother and daughter as rivals in love. Irish myth: *Cross.

T92.7. T92.7. Rival lovers do battle for girl. (Cf. T86.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

T92.8. T92.8. Sisters in love with same man. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.9. T92.9. Father and son as rivals in love. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T92.9.1. T92.9.1. Parricide because of father-son rivalry for girl‘s love. India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.10. T92.10. Rival in love killed. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.11. T92.11. Rivals contesting for the same girl. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.

T92.11.1. T92.11.1. Rival suitors discomfit each other. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1692*, 1693.

T92.12. T92.12. Two smiths as rivals for love of girl. Irish myth: Cross.

T92.12.1. T92.12.1. The tailor and the smith as rivals. The tailor declares that the smith is blind and the smith declares that the tailor is a fool. At the wedding in church, the smith drops a hot piece of iron into the tailor‘s boot. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1693A*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 1631*.

T92.13. T92.13. Older warrior preferred as suitor. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T92.14. T92.14. Three lovers mourn for dead girl: one throws himself into her funeral pyre; another gathers together the ashes and vows to spend his life sitting upon them; third resolves to turn fakir. India: Thompson-Balys.

T93. T93. Fate of disappointed lover.

T93.1. T93.1. Disappointed lover becomes a wild man in the woods. (Cf. F567.) *Dickson 116 n. 44; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T93.2. T93.2. Disappointed lover turns hermit. (Cf. V472.) Heptameron No. 64, 19; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T93.2.1. T93.2.1. Lover becomes friar and sweetheart nun when unable to marry. Heptameron No. 19.

T93.3. T93.3. Disappointed lover kills self. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T93.4. T93.4. Disappointed lover buys poison for girl. Druggist substitutes sleeping potion. Girl revives and is reconciled. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T93.5. T93.5. Tragic love between a Pari and a mortal man; they never meet again, but continually roam the earth seeking each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

T95. T95. Lover opposed to sweetheart‘s relatives. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T95.0.1. T95.0.1. Princess falls in love with father’s enemy. India: Thompson-Balys.

T95.1. T95.1. Lover kills his lady‘s relatives in fight. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child V 496 s.v. “Slaughter”; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T96. T96. Lovers reunited after many adventures. Boccaccio Decameron Book V (Lee 157ff.); Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T97. T97. Father opposed to daughter’s marriage. Irish myth: *Cross.

T99. T99. Love--additional motifs. Irish myth: Cross.

T99.1. T99.1. Death from excess of women. (Cf. F112.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

T99.2. T99.2. Girl wants to marry lover even if he is mutilated. Icelandic: Ans saga Bogsveigis 350, Boberg.

T100--T199.

T100--T199. Marriage.

T100. T100. Marriage. *E. Westermarck The History of Human Marriage (2 vols. London, 1925); Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1522; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

T102. T102. Hero returns and marries first love. Types 611, 884, 885**, 886; Icelandic: Boberg.

T104. T104. Foreign king wages war to enforce demand for princess in marriage. *Boje 74ff., 78; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T104.1. T104.1. Rejected suitor wages war. (Cf. T75.2.1.) Icelandic: *Boberg.

T104.2. T104.2. Victor demands defeated king‘s daughter (widow) in marriage. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T110. T110. Unusual marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

T111. T111. Marriage of mortal and supernatural being. *Type 425; *Tegethoff 16; Krappe MLR XXIV (1929) 200ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

T111.0.1. T111.0.1. Marriage to supernatural wives who disappear. *Holmstrцm Svanjungfrumotivet 11ff.; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 404*, 423*; India: Thompson-Balys; Mono-Alu: Wheeler Nos. 17, 35.

T111.0.2. T111.0.2. Supernatural wife summoned by bell. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2.

T111.1. T111.1. Marriage of a mortal and a god. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 13, *Cross; Greek: cf. the various love affairs of Zeus with mortal maidens; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Tawney I 256, 302, 335, 351, 560f.; Maori: Dixon 57.

T111.1.1. T111.1.1. Maiden chooses disguised god as husband. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 648.

T111.1.2. T111.1.2. Man marries the daughter of a god. Korean: Zong in-Sob 137 No. 63; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 181f.

T111.2. T111.2. Woman from sky-world marries mortal man. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 110; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 60 No. 12, (Congo): Weeks 206 No. 3, (Angola): Chatelain 131 No. 13.

T111.2.1. T111.2.1. Hero marries star in form of girl. Chinese: Graham.

T111.2.1.1. T111.2.1.1. Star-wife gives birth to a human baby. Chinese: Graham.

T111.2.2. T111.2.2. Marriage of mortal and moon. (Cf. A753.1.) Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 29, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 307, (Cumberland Sound): ibid. 198, (Greenland): Holm 47, Rasmussen III 307; S. A. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 550.

T111.2.3. T111.2.3. Sun has a woman for his wife. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 145.

T111.3. T111.3. Marriage of man with woman who has come from an egg. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T111.4. T111.4. God as lover of giantess (18 giantesses). Icelandic: *Boberg.

T111.5. T111.5. Marriage of mortal and dwarf. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 183, 209, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 151, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 170--3; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 154, 201, 227.

T111.6. T111.6. Marriage of mortal and angel. Jewish: *Neuman.

T113. T113. Marriage to man alive by night but dead by day. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T113.1. T113.1. Sorceress marries a man every morning and transforms him to some kind of animal in the evening. (Cf. D621.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T115. T115. Man marries ogre’s daughter. India: Thompson-Balys.

T117. T117. Marriage of person and object. India: Thompson-Balys.

T117.1. T117.1. Marriage of girl to a dagger. Penzer I 242, 244.

T117.2. T117.2. Marriage of girl to a sword. Penzer I 257; India: Thompson-Balys.

T117.3. T117.3. Marriage of girl to a drum. Penzer I 257.

T117.4. T117.4. Marriage of girl to an idol. Penzer I 244.

T117.5. T117.5. Marriage with a tree. Frazer Golden Bough I 195f.; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 304 n. 109o.

T117.5.1. T117.5.1. Marriage to tree by day, man by night. (Cf. D621.2, T113.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T117.6. T117.6. Marriage to a flower. India: Thompson-Balys.

T117.7. T117.7. Marriage to a gourd. India: Thompson-Balys.

T117.8. T117.8. Marriage to doll. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T117.9. T117.9. Marriage to river. Mono: Wheeler No. 34.

T117.10. T117.10. Plant wife (in form of a woman). Mono-Alu: Wheeler Nos. 17, 35.

T117.11. T117.11. Marriage to a statue. Saintyves Saints Successeurs 255--57.

T118. T118. Girl (man) married to (enamored of) a monster. *Types 306, 506; *Liljeblad passim; *BP III 83; *Kittredge Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology VIII 250; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

T118.1. T118.1. Monster husband invisible. Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 152ff. No. 22.

T118.2. T118.2. Marriage of dragon girl to orphan boy. Chinese: Graham.

T121. T121. Unequal marriage. Child V 500 s.v. “Unequal”; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T121.1. T121.1. Knight weds peasant girl. English: Wells 60 (Syre Gowene and the Carle of Carelyle).

T121.2. T121.2. Noblewoman weds shepherd. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 57; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T121.3. T121.3. Princess marries courtier. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T121.3.1. T121.3.1. Princess marries lowly man. (Cf. L161.1.) Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T121.4. T121.4. Ruler marries fugitive noblewoman. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T121.5. T121.5. Wealthy girl marries deformed and penniless philosopher. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T121.5.1. T121.5.1. Princess marries saint. India: Thompson-Balys.

T121.5.2. T121.5.2. Rich girl marries fakir. India: Thompson-Balys.

T121.6. T121.6. Man weds his bondmaid. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

T121.7. T121.7. Rich girl marries servant. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 249.

T121.8. T121.8. King (rich man) weds common girl. (Cf. L162, T91.6.2.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 938, II 1091.

T121.8.1. T121.8.1. Infertile raja marries beggar woman in hope of having a son. India: Thompson-Balys.

T122. T122. Marriage by royal order. Widow hesitates to marry. Queen sends her a letter ordering her to marry the bearer (a suitor). Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T125. T125. Lazy boy and industrious girl matched. Jesus (incognito) as matchmaker. *Type 822.

T125.1. T125.1. Fool given intelligent wife; lame man hardworking wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

T125.2. T125.2. Blind girl marries lame man. (Cf. H886.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T126. T126. Fantastic marriage.

T126.1. T126.1. Marriage of Mother Earth and ogre. India: Thompson-Balys.

T126.2. T126.2. Marriage of mountain and cockle-shell. India: Thompson-Balys.

T126.3. T126.3. Marriage of earth and sky. India: Thompson-Balys.

T130. T130. Marriage customs. Jewish: *Neuman.

T131. T131. Marriage restrictions.

T131.0.1. T131.0.1. Princess has unrestricted choice of husband. (Cf. T55.7.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

T131.0.1.1. T131.0.1.1. Father promises that girl may wed only man of her choice. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T131.1. T131.1. Relative’s consent to marriage necessary.

T131.1.1. T131.1.1. Brother‘s consent for sister’s marriage needed. Child I 142ff.; Heptameron No. 40; Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda.

T131.1.2. T131.1.2. Father‘s consent to son’s (daughter‘s) marriage necessary. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

T131.1.2.1. T131.1.2.1. Girl must marry father’s choice. Irish myth: Cross (T131.8.1); Icelandic: *Boberg.

T131.1.2.2. T131.1.2.2. King chooses bridegroom for daughter from boys‘ pictures. India: Thompson-Balys.

T131.1.2.3. T131.1.2.3. Father demands that son break all relations with his beloved. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T131.1.2.4. T131.1.2.4. Son refuses to marry father’s choice. India: Thompson-Balys.

T131.1.3. T131.1.3. Marriage against will of parents. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T131.2. T131.2. Younger child may not marry before elder. Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 566; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Rittershaus No. 2; Indonesia: Pleyte Bataksche Vertellingen 184f., Wilken Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indiл I 142; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 323.

T131.3. T131.3. Eldest daughter will marry man only if he will marry all her sisters too. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 119 No. 10.

T131.4. T131.4. Widow may not remarry. *Frazer Pausanias III 198.

T131.5. T131.5. Exogamy. Marriage only outside the group. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T131.5.1. T131.5.1. Marriage within clans sanctioned because of incest-origin of tribe. India: Thompson-Balys.

T131.6. T131.6. Girl will marry on condition she is to be only wife. Irish myth: Cross.

T131.7. T131.7. King may not marry girl who has been wife of another. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

T131.8. T131.8. Different religion as obstacle for marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

T131.9. T131.9. Brahmin may marry from all four castes. India: Thompson-Balys.

T132. T132. Preparation for wedding.

T132.1. T132.1. Girl fattened before wedding. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 202, (Kaffir): Theal 67, (Ekoi): Talbot 7, 357.

T132.2. T132.2. Parents become servants to secure funds for wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

T133. T133. Travel to wedding.

T133.1. T133.1. Faithful servant accompanies bride to new home. Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 93.

T133.2. T133.2. Royal bride conducted by embassy to husband‘s kingdom. (Cf. T51.) Dickson 31.

T133.3. T133.3. Drummer beats drums before bride on way to wedding. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 49.

T133.4. T133.4. Bridegroom and his men come for the bride. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T133.5. T133.5. Mounting upon horse to fetch bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

T133.6. T133.6. Groom’s mother visits bride-to-be and puts the betrothal ring on her finger. India: Thompson-Balys.

T134. T134. Conduct of bridal couple before ceremony.

T134.1. T134.1. Bridal couple must never see each other before wedding. Chinese: Werner 375.

T134.2. T134.2. Betrothed parties do not see each other until night of the wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

T134.3. T134.3. Man who has once been married helps groom to dress for wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

T135. T135. Wedding ceremony.

T135.1. T135.1. Marriage formula: “You are mine and I am yours”. *BP II 58.

T135.2. T135.2. Touching of privates considered a marriage pact. Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 381.

T135.3. T135.3. Wedding by proxy. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T135.3.1. T135.3.1. Sword and shield as proxy at wedding ceremony. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T135.4. T135.4. Groom‘s sword makes vermillion mark on bride’s forehead as wedding ceremony. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T135.5. T135.5. Marriage by exchange of garlands. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T135.6. T135.6. Marriage by drinking festival. (Cf. T136.1.) Icelandic: Boberg.

T135.7. T135.7. The bride must have someone to give her away, usually her father or brother. Icelandic: Boberg.

T135.8. T135.8. Two or more weddings at one time as the end of a tale. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

T135.9. T135.9. Wedding ceremony in church. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T135.10. T135.10. Marriage custom: going round and round fire (pillar, etc.). India: *Thompson-Balys.

T135.11. T135.11. Bride and groom drink from same cup as part of ceremony. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T135.12. T135.12. Bodies of would-be bride and groom besmeared with turmeric and mustard-oil. India: Thompson-Balys.

T135.13. T135.13. Bride and groom look into a big mirror while old member of family knocks both their heads together. India: Thompson-Balys.

T135.14. T135.14. Wedding-canopy over bride and groom. Jewish: *Neuman.

T135.15. T135.15. Breaking a glass during wedding ceremony. Jewish: *Neuman.

T136. T136. Accompaniments of wedding.

T136.1. T136.1. Wedding feast. Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 66.

T136.2. T136.2. Rice thrown at weddings. *Crane Vitry 249 No. 265; Herbert III 22; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1649, III 385f., IV 168f.; Frazer Golden Bough I 254; Mannhardt Wald und Feldkulte I 222.

T136.3. T136.3. Amusements at wedding. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T136.3.1. T136.3.1. Dancing at wedding. Jewish: Neuman.

T136.3.2. T136.3.2. Marriage odes sung at wedding feast. Jewish: *Neuman.

T136.4. T136.4. Gifts at wedding. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T136.4.1. T136.4.1. Gifts for bridal couple by a special ceremony with the bride on a bridebench. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T136.4.2. T136.4.2. Parting gifts after wedding. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T136.4.3. T136.4.3. Bride scatters presents among groom’s relations. India: Thompson-Balys.

T137. T137. Customs following wedding.

T137.1. T137.1. Advice to a parting bride. Dickson 165 n. 10.

T137.2. T137.2. Bride and bridegroom conducted to bridal bed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T137.2.1. T137.2.1. Bride and groom simultaneously touch hearthstones and put one foot down inside threshold as they enter groom‘s house. India: Thompson-Balys.

T137.3. T137.3. Groom invited after marriage ceremony into female apartments to eat wedding breakfast with the bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

T137.4. T137.4. Groom becomes a member of bride’s family. India: Thompson-Balys.

T137.5. T137.5. Bride (and party) fetched by groom and party after wedding. India: Thompson-Balys.

T137.6. T137.6. Journey to husband‘s home accompanied by attendants. India: Thompson-Balys.

T141. T141. Assignment of bride to another. Icelandic: Boberg.

T141.1. T141.1. Dying man assigns bride to his brother. Child I 376, 378 n.

T141.2. T141.2. Wives exchanged. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 223, (Greenland): Holm 75.

T141.3. T141.3. Hero assigns the bride he has won to another. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T143. T143. Infant marriages. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T145. T145. Polygamous marriages. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 82, (Fang): Trilles Legends 263f.

T145.0.1. T145.0.1. Polygyny. Irish myth: Cross.

T145.1. T145.1. Marriage to five women, each with separate duties. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 169 No. 22.

T145.1.1. T145.1.1. Man requires seven women. Irish myth: Cross.

T145.1.2. T145.1.2. Seven wives each to have the husband one day a week. India: Thompson-Balys.

T145.1.3. T145.1.3. Man married to several sisters. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T145.2. T145.2. Second wife taken because first is barren. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T145.3. T145.3. Competition in ale-brewing between king’s two wives. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T145.4. T145.4. Man‘s two wives each claim part of his body: they torment him. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T145.5. T145.5. Man pulled down stairs by his two wives. India: Thompson-Balys.

T145.6. T145.6. Polygamist must love all his wives. India: Thompson-Balys.

T145.7. T145.7. Man’s senior wife ugly but diligent; his second, beautiful but lazy. Africa (Fang): Trilles 264.

T145.8. T145.8. Polygamy so that head wife may be quickly replaced for wrongdoing. Africa (Konnoh): Willans 139.

T146. T146. Polyandry. Woman with two husbands. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T146.1. T146.1. Several men marry one woman. Grimm No. 4; Jewish: Neuman.

T146.2. T146.2. Woman requires thirty men. Irish myth: Cross.

T147. T147. Marriages made at annual festival. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T148. T148. Matriarchy. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

T148.1. T148.1. Son named for mother. Irish myth: *Cross.

T150. T150. Happenings at weddings. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IV 148ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

T151. T151. Year’s respite from unwelcome marriage. *Type 300, 301; *Loomis White Magic 120; Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 94; English: Wells 135 (Sir Degare); Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T151.0.1. T151.0.1. Respite ruse. Captive maiden assigns quest, agreeing to marry when it is accomplished. Irish myth: *Cross.

T151.0.2. T151.0.2. Father giving away daughter makes condition: son-in-law not to see daughter as his wife during one year. Africa (Dahome): Einstein 25.

T151.1. T151.1. Six months‘ respite from unwelcome marriage. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T151.2. T151.2. Thirty days’ respite from unwelcome marriage. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T151.3. T151.3. Other respites from unwelcome marriage (three months, two years, etc.). India: *Thompson-Balys.

T152. T152. Bride wounded accidentally on way home. Fatal wound from bridegroom‘s sword. Child I 142b.

T153. T153. Bridegroom slain on way to bride. Child I 142, 386, IV 179ff.

T154. T154. Cruel stepmother enchants stepdaughter on eve of wedding. (Cf. D5, S31.) Icelandic: Boberg.

T155. T155. Old beggar transforms wedding party into wolves. (Cf. D113.1.) Dh III 454; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 14 No. 75, XXXIII 53 No. 75; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 130 No. 73, 145 No. 38; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3674; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 63 No. 160.

T156. T156. Marriage for a night to evade law. In order to have girl escape unwelcome marriage, the hero agrees to marry her and give her up the next day. He puts up a large bond as pledge to give her up. But he gets hold of the money by trickery and keeps her. *Chauvin V 45 No. 18 n. 1.

T156.1. T156.1. Marriage for a night to insure heir of warrior destined to be slain (next day) in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

T157. T157. Affianced wife of chieftain falls in love with another man at betrothal feast, drugs the company with sleeping potion, and forces man of her choice to elope with her. Irish myth: *Cross.

T160. T160. Consummation of marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

T161. T161. Jus primae noctis. Overlord claims right of sleeping the first night with subject‘s wife. Liebrecht Orient und Occident II 541f., Liebrecht 94, 416; Herrmann Saxo II 324; *Hertz Abhandlungen 207ff.; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 746; *Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 82f. -- Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 140, *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 319 No. 21; French: Sйbillot France IV 285; Jewish: *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 I 363, *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T161.0.1. T161.0.1. King deflowers all twelve year old girls. India: Thompson-Balys.

T161.1. T161.1. Lover allowed to sleep with woman first few nights after her marriage to another. India: Thompson-Balys.

T162. T162. Feast of “bedding and handspreading” before consummation of marriage. Irish myth: Cross.

T165. T165. Girl may remain virgin for three days after marriage. (Cf. C117.) *Fb “brud” IV 64b; *DeVries Zs. f. deutsche Philologie LIII 276f.; Hdwb: d. Abergl. III 739; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T165.1. T165.1. Consummation of marriage postponed until revelation by dream of future of family has been secured. DeVries Zs. f. deutsche Philologie LIII 277.

T165.2. T165.2. One year to elapse between ceremony and consummation of marriage. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T165.3. T165.3. Twenty-four hours to elapse before consummation of marriage. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T165.4. T165.4. Bride and groom separated on wedding night. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T165.5. T165.5. Three years asked before consummation of marriage as trick. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T165.6. T165.6. Consummation of marriage postponed till couple return home. India: Thompson-Balys.

T165.7. T165.7. For first six months bride of prince is only to sit an hour or two in his house. India: Thompson-Balys.

T166. T166. Bride afraid of intercourse refuses consummation until judge orders it in court. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 86.

T166.1. T166.1. Bride refuses to sleep with ugly groom. India: Thompson-Balys.

T166.2. T166.2. Bridegroom must be taught sexual intercourse. Chinese: Graham.

T171. T171. Bridegroom driven from bridal chamber by magic. Usually by hornets or wasps. *Type 559; *BP II 454; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 5; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 411ff.

T172. T172. Dangers to husband in bridal chamber. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T172.0.1. T172.0.1. All husbands have perished on bridal night. See references to F547.1.1, F582, F582.1. *Types 506--08; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T172.1. T172.1. Bridal chamber filled with coiled snakes. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 93.

T172.2. T172.2. Bridal chamber invaded by magic dragon (serpent). (Cf. B176.1.) *Types 507AB, 516; Liljeblad passim; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T172.2.1. T172.2.1. Grateful dead man kills princess’s monster husband. (Or otherwise renders her innocuous to the bridegroom.) *Type 506--08.

T172.3. T172.3. Bride‘s monster-father tries to kill husband, but is defeated. Icelandic: Boberg.

T173. T173. Murderous bride. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T173.1. T173.1. Strong bride tries to stifle husband in bed. *Type 519.

T173.2. T173.2. Hostile brides kill husbands in the bridal bed. *Encyc. Britannica 13 s.v. “Danaus”; Frazer Apollodorus I 143 n. 1; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 306A*; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T175. T175. Magic perils threaten bridal couple. The perils are various--magic horse, poison, enchanted clothes, etc. *Type 516; **Rцsch FFC LXXVII 123ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 9; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 155 No. 68.

T175.1. T175.1. Falling furniture threatens bridal couple. Furniture etc. arranged by jealous rival so that it will fall. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T177. T177. Bridegroom magically impelled to leave his bride. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I Nos. 7, 9. See also all references to Forgotten Fiancйe (D2003).

T181. T181. Dangerous husband. (Cf. T172.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T182. T182. Death from intercourse. India: Thompson-Balys.

T190. T190. Marriage--miscellaneous motifs.

T192. T192. Marriage by force. India: Thompson-Balys.

T200--T299.

T200--T299. Married life.

T200. T200. Married life.

T201. T201. Marriage destroys friendship. Lover and mistress live together and are happy; become unhappy as soon as they marry. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 215, 217.

T202. T202. The happy couple: wife blind, husband deaf. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T203. T203. Peace in marriage more important than truth. Jewish: Neuman.

T210. T210. Faithfulness in marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

T210.1. T210.1. Faithful wife. Korean: Zong in-Sob 106ff. No. 57.

T210.2. T210.2. Faithful husband. Jewish: *Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 252.

T211. T211. Faithfulness to marriage in death. Herrmann Saxo II 94; Icelandic: *Boberg; Korean: Zong in-Sob 30 No. 13.

T211.1. T211.1. Wife dies so that husband’s death may be postponed. Greek: Euripides‘ Alcestis. *Grote I 108.

T211.1.1. T211.1.1. Woman drowns herself as sacrifice to water-gods to save husband’s boat from capsizing. Japanese: Anesaki 304.

T211.1.2. T211.1.2. Husband learning from augurs that his wife will die if he saves self from serpent, lets self be bitten to death. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T211.1.3. T211.1.3. Wife offers to sacrifice her right arm for husband‘s safe return. India: Thompson-Balys.

T211.1.4. T211.1.4. Female deer offers herself instead of her mate, who has been captured. Hunter, struck by her sacrifice, lets both go. India: Thompson-Balys.

T211.2. T211.2. Wife’s suicide at husband‘s death. (Cf. T81.7.) Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T211.2.1. T211.2.1. Wife throws herself on husband’s funeral pyre. Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 375 n. 3 (Evadne); Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T211.2.1.1. T211.2.1.1. Wife prefers to be burned together with husband even though she was forced to marry him and she has helped to prepare the revenge. Icelandic: Boberg.

T211.2.2. T211.2.2. Wife promises to die with husband. India: Thompson-Balys.

T211.3. T211.3. Husband and wife kill themselves so as not to be separated. Chinese: Werner 400.

T211.3.1. T211.3.1. Husband falls on sword when his wife dies. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T211.3.2. T211.3.2. Wife hangs self because her husband has been killed. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T211.4. T211.4. Spouse’s corpse kept after death.

T211.4.1. T211.4.1. Wife‘s corpse kept after death. Type 612; Wesselski Mдrchen 188, 191; BP I 463f.; Moth Danske Studier (1915) 97ff.; Pauls Der Ring der Fastrada (Aachen, 1896); Chauvin II 201ff.; Cowell Jataka II 108.

T211.4.2. T211.4.2. Husband‘s corpse kept after death.

T211.4.2.1. T211.4.2.1. Wife will not give up dead body of husband to God of Death. India: Thompson-Balys.

T211.5. T211.5. Man becomes a hermit after his wife’s death. *Dickson 264 n. 85.

T211.6. T211.6. Widowed she-fox rejects suitors who do not resemble her deceased husband. *Type 65; BP I 362; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 78; Fb “rжv” III 113b.

T211.7. T211.7. Girl forced to marry before sweetheart‘s return is faithful to her husband. When she refuses to give her former fiancй a kiss, he falls dead. She goes to his funeral and falls dead over his body. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T211.8. T211.8. Wife unwilling to deceive her husband for the man she loves. Icelandic: Boberg.

T211.9. T211.9. Excessive grief at husband‘s or wife’s death. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T211.9.1. T211.9.1. Wife dies of grief for death of husband. (Cf. T81.7.) Irish myth: Cross.

T211.9.1.1. T211.9.1.1. Wife swoons realizing her husband is dead. India: Thompson-Balys.

T211.9.2. T211.9.2. Man kills self in grief for wife. Irish myth: Cross.

T211.9.2.1. T211.9.2.1. Grieving man goes to die where his wife‘s corpse lies. India: Thompson-Balys.

T212. T212. Loving couple die of separation. Penzer II 9.

T212.1. T212.1. Constancy of wife brings husband back to life. India: Thompson-Balys.

T213. T213. Husband (wife) sickens as result of separation from spouse. Irish myth: Cross.

T215. T215. Faithfulness of married couple in misfortune. India: Thompson-Balys.

T215.1. T215.1. Wife carries mutilated husband on her back so that he may beg. Paris Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 4.

T215.2. T215.2. Wife offers starving husband (father) milk from her breasts. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 179, *Cross.

T215.3. T215.3. Husband nourishes starving wife with his own flesh and blood. Paris Zs. f. Vksk. XIII 5.

T215.4. T215.4. Wife puts out one of her eyes to show sympathy with her husband. He has lost an eye in a tournament and is ashamed to return to her. She shows that it makes no difference in her love. Von der Hagen I cxxiv; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T215.5. T215.5. Fugitive returns to his family so that they may collect reward from his capture. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T215.6. T215.6. Woman swims nightly to husband’s prison and arranges his escape. Spurns the attentions of treacherous suitor. (Cf. R152.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T215.7. T215.7. Wife travels for years with sick husband in order to have him cured. Icelandic: Lagerholm 107--15, Boberg.

T215.7.1. T215.7.1. Wife alone does not desert leprous husband. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1060.

T215.8. T215.8. Woman sells her hair to feed starving husband. Jewish: Neuman.

T216. T216. Loathly bridegroom carried on back in basket by wife. Indonesia: Dixon 211.

T217. T217. Wife refuses to become unfaithful although she knows her husband to be so. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T221. T221. Woman‘s naivitй proves her fidelity. Man is rebuked for having bad breath. He reproves his wife for never having told him. “I thought that men liked it as I did.” He realizes that his wife has not known any other man. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T222. T222. Wife hides husband’s unfaithfulness from emperor and even shelters his mistress. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T224. T224. Husband tempted by own wife disguised in fine clothes: says he will touch no woman save his wife. She puts on her old clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

T230. T230. Faithlessness in marriage. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T230.1. T230.1. Wife and husband believe each unfaithful at the slightest provocation. India: Thompson-Balys.

T230.2. T230.2. Faithless wife causes her husband to go insane. India: Thompson-Balys.

T231. T231. The faithless widow. Irish myth: *Cross.

T231.1. T231.1. Faithless widow betrothed anew at husband‘s funeral. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 751.

T231.2. T231.2. Faithless widow fans husband’s grave. She does not want to remarry until the body is cold (or the earth on the grave is dry). *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 85 No. 72; Chinese: Werner 149.

T231.3. T231.3. Faithless widow ready to marry messenger who brings news of husband‘s death. The husband, however, has only feigned death to test her. (Cf. T235.) *Type 1350.

T231.3.1. T231.3.1. Faithless widow offers city to killer of her husband if he will marry her. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T231.4. T231.4. Faithless widow’s heartlessness repels the new suitor. She obeys him when he tells her to knock out the teeth of her dead husband. Fearing like treatment, he leaves. Type 1352*.

T231.5. T231.5. Faithless widow marries slayer of husband. Irish myth: *Cross.

T232. T232. Woman deserts husband for unworthy lover. (Deformed, mutilated, monstrous, or of different race.) *Penzer V 153 n. 1; Malone PMLA XLIII 418ff.; Strauch Enikels Weltchronik, lines 25177ff. -- Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Palestine: Schmidt-Kahle Volkserzдhlungen aus Palдstina I 139ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 109; Indonesia: Coster-Wijsman 148.

T232.1. T232.1. Woman consorts with leper. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T232.2. T232.2. Adulteress chooses loathly paramour. Heptameron No. 20; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T232.3. T232.3. Adulteress poisons husband in order to be with swineherd. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T232.4. T232.4. Woman enamored of repulsive and abusive lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

T232.5. T232.5. Faithless wife pays her paramour for enjoying herself with him. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T233. T233. Wronged wife goes to wronged husband. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T235. T235. Husband transforms himself to test his wife‘s faithfulness. (Cf. T231.3.) Greek: Fox 72.

T236. T236. Woman enamored of an unknown knight in a tournament loses interest when she finds that it is her husband. (Cf. R222.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 750.

T237. T237. Old man married to young, unfaithful wife. Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T238. T238. Adulteress on her death-bed reveals the illegitimacy of her children. Did not want her husband to be burdened with their bringing up. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 51; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T241. T241. Series of husbands try in vain to control adulteress. India: Thompson-Balys.

T243. T243. Fight between husband and lover for kingdom and wife. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T244. T244. Woman reveals whereabouts of husband to enemy in revenge for desertion. Irish myth: Cross.

T244.1. T244.1. Woman reveals whereabouts of husband to hungry bear in revenge for desertion. India: Thompson-Balys.

T245. T245. Man unfaithful even on wedding night. India: Thompson-Balys.

T247. T247. Object stolen (left) as token that infidelity has been discovered. Irish myth: *Cross.

T247.1. T247.1. Substituted sword. Husband leaves wooden sword in scabbard of wife‘s paramour upon discovering their infidelity. Irish myth: Cross.

T249. T249. Faithlessness in marriage--miscellaneous.

T249.1. T249.1. Adulterous wife convicted commits suicide. Irish myth: *Cross.

T249.2. T249.2. Husband and wife (king and queen) each unfaithful to other. Irish myth: *Cross.

T250. T250. Characteristics of wives and husbands.

T251. T251. The shrewish wife. *Penzer II 159f.; Hanna Lindberg “The Shrew”, argbiggans typ i den Engelska Literaturen intill Shakespeare (Tavastehus, 1900); India: *Thompson-Balys.

T251.0.1. T251.0.1. Man ejected from heaven for folly of marrying twice. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 126 No. 1410.

T251.0.2. T251.0.2. Christ, not having married, knew nothing about suffering. So thinks the man after hearing all about Christ’s torments. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 129 No. 1516A.

T251.0.3. T251.0.3. Man reprimanded by judge for marrying several times. The man replies that he was always looking for a good wife. Spanish: Childers.

T251.1. T251.1. Avoiding the shrewish wife.

T251.1.1. T251.1.1. Belfagor. The devil frightened by the shrewish wife. A man persuades his shrewish wife to let herself be lowered into a well. When he comes to pull her out he raises a genie (devil) who is glad to escape from the woman. Later he frightens the devil by telling him that his wife has escaped. *Type 1164; **Axon The Story of Belfagor in Literature and Folklore (1902); *BP I 382, 388, IV 176 n. 1; *Prato RTP IV 174; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XV 104; Child V 107f., 305a; *Chauvin VIII 152 No. 154. -- Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1164@I*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 50 No. 332; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T251.1.1.1. T251.1.1.1. Devil flees shrewish wife and enters body of a duke. Exorcised by telling him that they are sending for his wife. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T251.1.2. T251.1.2. Late husband chooses to remain in Purgatory rather than to return to his shrewish wife. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 129 No. 1516.

T251.1.2.1. T251.1.2.1. Husband chooses to go to hell rather than join shrewish wife in heaven. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 757.

T251.1.2.2. T251.1.2.2. Man in hell declares that life there is much better than on earth with his wife. Bargain with the devil: should the latter not be able to endure life with his wife for three years, the man would be released from hell. The devil is the loser. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1164B*.

T251.1.3. T251.1.3. Man had rather remain transformed to mule than to live with his shrewish wife. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 754C*.

T251.1.4. T251.1.4. Man forces devil to take back the shrewish wife. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 41 No. 301.

T251.1.5. T251.1.5. Minstrel throws wife into sea: her tongue the heaviest thing on board. Ordered to throw all heavy articles overboard. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 138; Mensa Philosophica No. 61; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T251.1.6. T251.1.6. Thief overhears and oversees quarrel of two jealous wives. Arraigned before judge, he asks any punishment be given him rather than that of having two wives. India: Thompson-Balys.

T251.2. T251.2. Taming the shrew. By outdoing his wife in shrewishness the husband renders her obedient. *Types 900, 901; *BP I 443; **Philippson FFC L; *Wesselski Arlotto II 229 No. 95; *Gigas “Et eventyrs vandring” Litteratur og Historie (3e samling) (Kшbenhavn, 1902); *Krappe Йtudes ital. II 141ff.; *Wesselski Mдrchen 216 No. 24; Kцhler-Bolte I 137; Chauvin II 155 No. 27. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T251.2.1. T251.2.1. Shrew tamed by setting another shrew against her. Crane Vitry 218 No. 200; Herbert III 16.

T251.2.2. T251.2.2. Husband dons armor and forces the household to shout: “Long live the Master!” Takes off his breeches and dares his wife to put them on. Establishes his mastery in the home. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T251.2.3. T251.2.3. Wife becomes obedient on seeing husband slay a recalcitrant horse. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T251.2.3.1. T251.2.3.1. Husband tries to reform wife by killing a recalcitrant horse in her presence. She thinks he has lost his mind and continues in her ways. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T251.2.4. T251.2.4. The wicked queen reformed. While asleep she is made to exchange places with the cobbler‘s wife. She thinks she is in hell. The cobbler teaches her to obey and fear her husband. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 904*; Russian: Andrejev No. 901I*; Prussian: Plenzat 49.

T251.2.5. T251.2.5. Shrewish wife driven from home but when in danger, runs to husband and receives protection. She is a good wife thereafter. Africa (Congo): Grenfell 819.

T251.3. T251.3. St. Peter’s wife meets him with a broom handle. She is waiting for him at the rear door of the house. Type 754**.

T251.4. T251.4. Socrates and Zanthippe: “After thunder rain”. He thus remarks as she empties slops on his head. *Wesselski Arlotto II 258 No. 183; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 471; England: Baughman.

T251.5. T251.5. Strength in words, in herbs, and in stones. When first two do not cure shrewish wife, the last does. (Cf. J1563.6, J1581.2, J2412.5.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 134; Mensa Philosophica No. 58.

T251.6. T251.6. The browbeaten husband from under the table: “The man always has a man‘s heart.” Type 1366*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 141 No. 1705.

T251.7. T251.7. Husband will not search for shrewish wife who has run away from him. Wesselski Bebel II 145 No. 142.

T251.8. T251.8. Shrewish wife gives husband heating every morning. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T251.9. T251.9. Husband consoled by seeing woman even more shrewish than his wife. (Cf. J882.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T251.10. T251.10. Wife beats her husband and eats up everything he earns. India: Thompson-Balys.

T251.11. T251.11. Fakir thankful for shrewish wife: she is a thorn in his flesh and warns him from neglecting the ways of righteousness. India: Thompson-Balys.

T252. T252. The overbearing wife.

T252.1. T252.1. Unsuccessful search for man who can rule his wife. Type 1375*.

T252.2. T252.2. Cock shows browbeaten husband how to rule his wife. (Cf. J21.16, J130.) *Type 670; **Aarne FFC XV 49ff.; Fb “kok” IV 272b; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T252.2.1. T252.2.1. King sees how male stork kills his unfaithful wife. Follows its example. Scala Celi 7a No. 40; Oesterley No. 82; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T252.2.2. T252.2.2. Monkey (jackal, etc.) shows husband how to rule his wife. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T252.2.2.1. T252.2.2.1. King tells jackal his statistics are wrong since there are more men than women. Jackal: husbands ruled by their wives counted as women. India: Thompson-Balys.

T252.3. T252.3. Wife threatens husband with death if he will not tell secrets. *Type 670; **Aarne FFC XV 48ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T252.4. T252.4. Prize for husband who rules his wife. (Ham, egg.) *Kцhler-Bolte III 609; Fb “жg” III 1142a.

T252.4.1. T252.4.1. Man claims prize (boots) as ruler of his house, but is afraid to carry the boots lest he soil his clean shirt and anger his wife. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 753; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T252.5. T252.5. Men rulers in their house asked to sing. No man in congregation does so. Priest alone sings. Next year he cannot, for then he has a maid. Wesselski Bebel II 148 No. 157; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 811.

T252.6. T252.6. Wife threatens suicide if she does not have her own way. India: Thompson-Balys.

T252.7. T252.7. Vexed woman brings pot down on husband’s head in presence of guest. India: Thompson-Balys.

T253. T253. The nagging wife. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T253.1. T253.1. Nagging wife drives husband to prepare for suicide. *Type 670; **Aarne FFC XV 48ff.

T253.2. T253.2. Woman advised that nagging will never make a husband virtuous. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 135.

T253.3. T253.3. Saint composes hymn to free himself from the mala vita in which he lives with his wife. Irish myth: Cross.

T254. T254. The disobedient wife.

T254.1. T254.1. The husband shows his wife poison to avoid: she takes it and dies. Chauvin II 155 No. 27; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 38; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T254.2. T254.2. Husband forbids wife to ride on the dog: she immediately does so and is bitten. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 705.

T254.3. T254.3. Man with obedient wife looks young; with disobedient, old. India: Thompson-Balys.

T254.4. T254.4. Man forbids wife to open chest. Loaded crossbow placed in it. She opens it and is killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T254.5. T254.5. Husband warns wife not to enter empty furnace. She does so and it falls in upon her. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T254.6. T254.6. Disobedient wife punished.

T254.6.1. T254.6.1. Wife refuses to bring husband warm water: is beaten. India: Thompson-Balys.

T255. T255. The obstinate wife or husband. (Cf. J2511.) *Type 1365; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

T255.1. T255.1. The obstinate wife: cutting with knife or scissors. At the end of the argument the man throws his wife into the water. As she sinks she makes with her finger the motion of shearing with the scissors. *Type 1365B; *Kцhler-Bolte I 136; *Taylor Washington Univ. Studies IV 181 n. 28; *Crane Vitry 223 No. 222; Bйdier Fabliaux (1895) 46ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 595; Moe Samlede Skrifter I 209ff.: Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T255.2. T255.2. The obstinate wife sought for up-stream. When she falls into the stream, the husband concludes that she would be too obstinate to go with the current. *Type 1365A; *Crane Vitry 225f. No. 227; Kцhler-Bolte I 506 n. 1; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 270 No. 276; *Moe Samlede Skrifter I 212; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 142; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T255.3. T255.3. The obstinate wife: sign of the louse. She calls her husband a lousy head. He throws her into the stream. As she sinks she makes a sign of cracking a louse. *Type 1365C; *Crane Vitry 222f. No. 221;. *Bйdier Fabliaux 46; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 872; Herbert III 17; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T255.4. T255.4. The obstinate wife: the third egg. The husband and the wife dispute as to who shall eat the third egg. She pretends to die. At the grave she asks him, “Do I eat two of the three eggs?” and he gives his consent. She jumps up and cries out “I eat two!” and everyone flees except a lame man who exclaims, “Poor me and the other one!” Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 123 No. 1365D*.

T255.4.1. T255.4.1. The obstinate wife: insists on eating three of the five eggs. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T255.5. T255.5. The dish which the husband detests and the wife keeps serving him. He affects to like it and thus gets rid of it. Type 1390*; India: Thompson-Balys.

T255.6. T255.6. Obstinate wife refuses to take cover off boiling kettle. Is beaten by husband. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T255.7. T255.7. Man warns his wife that he has dreamed that she is attacked by a wolf. She pays no heed to him and the dream comes true. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T256. T256. The quarrelsome wife or husband. Penzer II 159f., 180; India: Thompson-Balys.

T256.0.1. T256.0.1. Quarrel between husband and wife explained by their having been previously a tiger and a dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

T256.1. T256.1. Quarrelsome wife conquered by silent husband. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 470.

T256.2. T256.2. Medicine against quarrelling: the wife must take one dose and keep it in her mouth for ten minutes as soon as her husband is angry. Spanish: Childers; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T256.3. T256.3. Quarrelsome wife reproved by a good whipping. India: Thompson-Balys.

T257. T257. Jealous wife or husband. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T257.0.1. T257.0.1. Heavenly maidens are not jealous. India: Thompson-Balys.

T257.1. T257.1. Woman jealous of a fair maid in her house. Fears her attraction for her husband. Alphabet No. 796; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T257.1.1. T257.1.1. King’s wives jealous of his attention to pet animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

T257.2. T257.2. Jealousy of rival wives. Penzer III 99; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T257.2.1. T257.2.1. Wife exposes bald head of second wife to disgrace her. Hair marvelously regrows. Irish myth: Cross.

T257.2.2. T257.2.2. Jealous wife (mistress) transforms rival to hound. (Cf. B182.1.0.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

T257.3. T257.3. Decision not to punish a jealous husband: he already suffers enough. Wesselski Bebel I 127 No. 23.

T257.4. T257.4. Husband jealous of wife who goes to confession is punished by the priest. When the husband sees the priest take her behind the altar to punish her he volunteers to take the punishment. The wife says, “Pound him well. I am a terrible sinner.” Mensa Philosophica No. 72; *Wesselski Mцnchslatein No. 74. Cf. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T257.5. T257.5. Jealous husband kills nightingale which his wife gets up to hear. Herbert III 201; Oesterley No. 121.

T257.5.1. T257.5.1. Woman‘s scented hair attracts deer: husband jealous. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T257.6. T257.6. Jealous king causes massacre of handsome young captives. Jewish: Neuman.

T257.7. T257.7. Husband’s unjust jealousy forces wife to commit adultery. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Heptameron No. 47.

T257.7.1. T257.7.1. Wife repays husband’s supposed adultery by doing likewise. India: Thompson-Balys.

T257.8. T257.8. Jealous husband objects to wife‘s enjoyment of intercourse: thinks she has had previous experience. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 39.

T257.9. T257.9. Jealous husband spends all his earnings as skillful smith bribing courtiers not to talk to his wife, and at last locks her up in hut in the forest. Icelandic: FSS 14--18, XCVIII, Boberg.

T257.10. T257.10. Trickster sends jealous wife after husband: steals food. (Cf. K343.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T257.11. T257.11. Jealous wife ties husband to her so that he cannot get away to meet another woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

T258. T258. The curious wife. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T258.1. T258.1. The curious wife: wait and see. A man and his wife overhear thieves planning to rob the house, put the man out of the way, and have their will of the wife. The man wants to raise an alarm. She says, “Wait and see.” *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 242 No. 538.

T258.1.1. T258.1.1. Husband insists on knowing wife‘s secret. India: Thompson-Balys.

T258.2. T258.2. Wife insists upon knowing husband’s secret. Type 670; India: Thompson-Balys.

T261. T261. The ungrateful wife. (Cf. W154.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T261.1. T261.1. Husband takes wife‘s place and receives punishment for her adultery. She is ungrateful. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 31.

T263. T263. The hypocritical wife. Shows what she has done for her husband, but not what she has done for herself. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 569.

T265. T265. Jewels of Cornelia. She shows her children as her jewels. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 141.

T268. T268. Beautiful woman married to hideous man: he is thankful, she patient. She says that they have thus both gained paradise. *Chauvin V 174 No. 98.

T271. T271. The neglected wife. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T271.1. T271.1. Woman gets rid of impotent husband and remarries. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T271.1.1. T271.1.1. Mistress of impotent husband sends her maid to find a man for her. India: Thompson-Balys.

T272. T272. The silent wife.

T272.1. T272.1. Silent wife brought to speech by dangers to her husband. (Cf. F954.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T274. T274. Wife cannot keep secret. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T275. T275. The spendthrift wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

T280. T280. Other aspects of married life.

T281. T281. Sex hospitality. Host gives his wife (daughter) to his guest as bed companion. *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. “Adultery”; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 149, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 488; English: Wells 60 (Syre Gowene and the Carle of Carelyle); Icelandic: *Boberg.

T281.1. T281.1. Sex hospitality given to druid. Irish myth: Cross.

T281.2. T281.2. Sex hospitality given to king (prince). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T282. T282. Handmaid given as wife unto husband by barren wife. Jewish: Neuman.

T282.1. T282.1. First (barren) wife insists her husband should take second wife. Jewish: *Neuman.

T283. T283. Wife withholds intercourse from husband to enforce demand. Cf. Aristophanes’ Lysistrata. India: Thompson-Balys.

T284. T284. Frightened wife shows marks of affection for husband. This is so rare that he pardons the robber who has caused the fright. Chauvin II 97 No. 52; Panchatantra III 9 (tr. Ryder 341); Bшdker Exempler 295 No. 57; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

T285. T285. Mistress has always said her “Aves”: Virgin Mary refuses to help wife against her rival. The wife tells this to the mistress, who repents. *Ward II 621 No. 30; Herbert III 18; *Crane Vitry 223 No. 223; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 190 No. 149; Scala Celi 115a No. 639.

T286. T286. Sight of mistress‘s ring causes husband to withhold himself from his wife. English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem).

T287. T287. Why separation of a good woman from a bad man is a benefit. N. A. Indian (Kaska): Teit JAFL XXX 457.

T288. T288. Wife refuses to sleep with detested husband.

T288.1. T288.1. Wife curses unbeloved husband who attempts to force her. India: Thompson-Balys.

T291. T291. Why widow does not remarry. (1) Only her property is wanted; (2) her husband is still in her heart; (3) if new husband is bad it will not be well, if he is good there will be the fear that he will die. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 222.

T291.1. T291.1. Wife keeps vow never to wed after her husband‘s death. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T292. T292. Wife sold unwillingly by husband. *Hibbard 8; Irish myth: *Cross.

T292.1. T292.1. Wives traded. Chinese: Graham.

T294. T294. Husband (wife) of supernatural being longs for old home and visits relatives. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Siberian and N. A. Indian: Jochelson JE VI 366.

T295. T295. Husband’s indiscreet boast about wife brings about his death. King regards his wife as so beautiful that he has a friend view her naked through a crack in the wall. Wife learns of his act, goes over to the man who has viewed her, and with the latter brings about the king‘s death. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T296. T296. Wife buys (sells) privilege of sleeping one night with husband. (Cf. D2006.1.4.) Jewish: Neuman.

T298. T298. Reconciliation of separated couple. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T299. T299. Other aspects of married life--miscellaneous.

T299.1. T299.1. Sleeping with head laid in wife’s lap as sign of tenderness. India: Thompson-Balys.

T299.2. T299.2. Wife gives wise warning to husband.

T299.2.1. T299.2.1. Man warned by wife against stepping on red cloth. Chinese: Graham.

T299.2.2. T299.2.2. Wife warns departing hero against seductions of women. Chinese: Graham.

T300--T399.

T300--T399. Chastity and celibacy.

T300. T300. Chastity and celibacy. *Penzer III 172 n. 2; *Encyc. Religion Ethics III 474 s.v. “Chastity”; **J. Main Religious Chastity (New York, 1913); *E. Fehrle Die kultische Keuschheit im Altertum (Giessen, 1910).-- Irish myth: Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman.

T301. T301. Sacrifice of virginity. Penzer I 275f.; *Hartland Tylor Anthropological Volume 189.

T302. T302. Methods of ascetics. India: Thompson-Balys.

T310. T310. Celibacy and continence. *Encyc. Religion Ethics III 271ff. s.v. “Celibacy”; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 163, 166, 261, (Greenland): Rink 410, Rasmussen I 137, 363, III 85, 154, 200, (Central): Boas RBAE VI 583, 637, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 49.

T310.1. T310.1. Ceremonial continence. *Frazer Fasti IV 206ff.; **E. Fehrle Die kultische Keuschheit im Altertum (Giessen, 1910).

T310.1.1. T310.1.1. “Night of Sabbath” (Friday night) only devoted to conjugal pleasures. Jewish: *Neuman.

T311. T311. Woman averse to marriage. (Cf. T321.1, T327.3.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T311.0.1. T311.0.1. Woman’s aversion to marriage motivated through a dream. Chauvin V 125 No. 59, 130 No. 112.

T311.1. T311.1. Flight of maiden (bridegroom) to escape marriage. Type 888*; cf. Type 510B; *Toldo II 306; Alphabet No. 310; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Aeschylus Suppliants line 5; India: Thompson-Balys.

T311.2. T311.2. Woman prefers to remain chaste rather than keep an impotent husband. (Cf. T271.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T311.2.1. T311.2.1. Girl commits suicide rather than marry man she does not love. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 262.

T311.3. T311.3. Girl remains a virgin after both her suitors are killed in battle. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T311.4. T311.4. Maiden queen prefers to fight instead of marrying, but is at last conquered and married. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 292, *Boberg.

T312. T312. Saint‘s daughter dies when wooed. Alphabet No. 390.

T312.1. T312.1. Woman dies when spoiled of her sanctity. Irish myth: Cross.

T313. T313. Ravished girl’s virginity restored by Virgin Mary. Ward II 703 No. 33; *Hibbard 12ff.

T313.1. T313.1. Ravished girl‘s virginity restored by saint. *Loomis White Magic 85; Irish myth: *Cross.

T313.1.1. T313.1.1. Pregnant nun’s virginity restored through power of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

T314. T314. Father kills daughter lest she become prostitute. Alphabet No. 774.

T314.1. T314.1. Father kills daughter lest she become the property of a tyrant. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T315. T315. Continence in marriage.

T315.1. T315.1. Marital continence by mutual agreement. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 689; Chaucer Second Nun‘s Tale (St. Cecelia); *Toldo II 304ff.; Jewish: *Neuman, Gaster Exempla 200 No. 73.

T315.2. T315.2. The continent husband. (Cf. T271.)

T315.2.1. T315.2.1. The audacious water and the continent husband. A woman with a continent husband (lover) splashes water on her thighs as she crosses a stream and then reproves it for being bolder than her husband. She thus calls attention to her situation. *Schoepperle 413ff.; *Kцhler-Bolte II 346f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

T315.2.2. T315.2.2. Wife reproves continent husband by showing conduct of cock and hens. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 32.

T315.2.2.1. T315.2.2.1. Wife reforms continent husband by having walls of bedroom painted with erotic scenes. India: Thompson-Balys.

T315.3. T315.3. Woman continent in two marriages to become a nun. Irish myth: Cross.

T317. T317. The repression of lust. (Cf. D1356.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T317.1. T317.1. Repression of lust through sitting in water. Dickson 92f. nn. 70, 71; Alphabet No. 750.

T317.2. T317.2. Repression of lust through prayer. Alphabet No. 14; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T317.3. T317.3. Repression of lust through preaching. Alphabet No. 638.

T317.4. T317.4. Repression of lust through fasting. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 99; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T317.5. T317.5. Man and woman in chaste love for twenty-five years. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T317.6. T317.6. Monk finds that only abuse and cruel treatment from his fellow monks can conquer his lust. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T318. T318. Wife proves her faithfulness. Had substituted for husband‘s mistress. Proves legitimacy of her child by producing tokens and by child’s missing toe (like her husband‘s four-toed foot). Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T320. T320. Escape from undesired lover. Heptameron No. 26; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Schlauch Romance in Iceland (New York, 1934) 105f., *Boberg.

T320.1. T320.1. Oft-proved fidelity. Repeated attempts to seduce innocent woman. She escapes them all. *Types 881, 882, 883AB, 888, 892; *Loomis White Magic 95; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T320.1.1. T320.1.1. Virginity saved in spite of torture. Undesired suitors give up task. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T320.2. T320.2. Girl kills man who threatens her virtue. Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T320.2.1. T320.2.1. Woman escaping from slavery kills man who would ravish her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T320.3. T320.3. Bride puts to flight man who attempts to ravish her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T320.3.1. T320.3.1. Widow dons late husband‘s armor to put would-be ravisher to flight. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T320.4. T320.4. Wife escapes lust of king by shaming him. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

T320.4.1. T320.4.1. Woman escapes king‘s lust by inducing bad breath. India: Thompson-Balys.

T320.5. T320.5. Girl gives up wealth and flees to escape lecherous emperor. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T320.6. T320.6. Wife sets fire to house to escape undesired lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

T321. T321. Escape from undesired lover by miracle. Icelandic: Boberg.

T321.1. T321.1. Maid pledged to celibacy is given, at her prayer, a beard. BP III 242.

T321.2. T321.2. Girl named Mary has virginity spared by knight who has bought her. The Virgin appears to her. *Ward II 628 No. 16, 697 No. 9; Scala Celi 115a No. 641; Von der Hagen III 451.

T321.3. T321.3. Girl’s virginity spared by knight when he sees her surrounded by the Virgin and her train. In her straits the girl has prayed for help. *Herbert III 356; Irish: Beal XXI 327.

T321.4. T321.4. Girl prays to Virgin to spare her virginity. Two soldiers quarrel over possessing her. Captain slays her, thus “saving” her. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T321.5. T321.5. Magic sickness (discomfort) prevents lover from raping woman. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T321.6. T321.6. In answer to maiden‘s prayer saint changes boat’s course and guides it to another place. India: Thompson-Balys.

T322. T322. Girl strikes man who tries to kiss her. Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 618, 619.

T322.1. T322.1. Woman kicks lecherous monk down the stairs. Heptameron No. 46A.

T322.2. T322.2. Princess threatens to kill amorous king. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.

T322.3. T322.3. Undesired lover drugged and carried out. India: Thompson-Balys.

T322.4. T322.4. Girl pleads vow of chastity to repel lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

T323. T323. Escape from undesired lover by strategy.

T323.1. T323.1. Princess escapes from undesired lover by fleeing disguised as a bishop. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T323.2. T323.2. Princess evades unwelcome lover by putting on foul-smelling skin-coat. India: Thompson-Balys.

T324. T324. Girl’s virginity saved by the kindness of an emissary. Makes the lord believe she is a relative. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T325. T325. Chaste woman resists advances of a conqueror. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T325.1. T325.1. Chaste woman promises conqueror drug of invulnerability. Has him try it on her. Cuts her head off. *Bonner Byzantion XIV 142ff.

T326. T326. Suicide to save virginity. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T326.1. T326.1. Girls drown selves to save their virginity. Alphabet No. 773; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T326.2. T326.2. Man is killed defending sweetheart‘s honor. She kills herself. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T326.3. T326.3. Martyrdom to preserve virginity. Der Heiligen Leben und Leiden 100ff. (Santa Barbara).

T327. T327. Mutilation to repel lover. (Cf. S160, T333.) Heptameron No. 10; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T327.1. T327.1. Maiden sends to her lecherous lover (brother) her eyes (hands, breasts) which he has admired. Type 706; **Williamson Philological Quarterly XI 149; *BP I 303; *Crane Vitry 158 No. 57; Herbert III 72, 611; Hervieux IV No. 120; *Penzer III 20f.; Alphabet No. 136; *bin Gorion Born Judas@2 IV 175, 283; Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 11, 12; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 40; Nouvelles de Sens No. 12.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 273 n. 6; Africa (Bangola): Weeks 122.

T327.2. T327.2. Woman successfully prays for disease to repel lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

T327.3. T327.3. Saint plucks out her eye when urged to marry. Irish myth: *Cross.

T327.4. T327.4. Maidens befoul selves with blood to escape rape. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T327.5. T327.5. Woman raises sores on her body to preserve chastity. India: Thompson-Balys.

T327.6. T327.6. Princess takes on loathsome disguise to avoid unwelcome demon-lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

T327.7. T327.7. Girl escapes from undesired lover by cutting off her plaits of hair. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 871*; Russian: Andrejev No. 871*.

T328. T328. Girl lives in sepulchre to preserve chastity. Scala Celi 33a No. 184.

T330. T330. Anchorites under temptation. *Toldo II 304ff.; *Loomis White Magic 187 n. 140; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T331. T331. Man unsuccessfully tempted by woman. (St. Anthony.) Alphabet Nos. 128, 795; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 103 No. 87; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 30; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman, Gaster Exempla 192 Nos. 34, 34A; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 168, 887, 1034, II 37, 226, 594, 616, 707, 716, 892, 996, 1052, 1214, 1322.

T331.1. T331.1. Monk unsuccessfully tempted in nunnery. Alphabet No. 127.

T331.2. T331.2. Knight unsuccessfully tempted by host‘s wife. **Kittredge Gawain and the Green Knight.

T331.3. T331.3. Woman masks as man to deceive anchorite. Toldo I 347.

T331.4. T331.4. No place secret enough for fornication. Monk thus repels temptress. Herbert III 21; *Crane Vitry 243f. Nos. 256, 257.

T331.5. T331.5. Anchorite saved by a miracle. When he is about to give in to temptation a dove flies out of his mouth. On repenting the dove re-enters his mouth. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T331.6. T331.6. Saint flogs woman who tempts him. Irish myth: Cross.

T331.7. T331.7. Saint sleeps with maidens without sinning. Another saint, who doubts fact, undergoes same test and perceives its efficacy. Irish myth: Cross.

T331.8. T331.8. Monk unsuccessfully tempted by woman he formerly loved. Heptameron No. 64.

T331.9. T331.9. Monk yells “thief” to repel temptress. When she seeks him in his bed he screams. He says she steals his most valuable possession, virtue. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T332. T332. Man tempted by fiend in woman‘s shape. (Or woman by fiend in man’s shape.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 211, 525 n. 49; *Herbert III 357ff.; Chauvin II 226 No. 3; Gaster Exempla 213 No. 136; *Toldo II 307ff., 310ff.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 887; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 72 No. 63; Alphabet No. 257. -- Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 816*; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 11 No. 86; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T332.1. T332.1. Woman sent by deity to tempt self-righteous anchorite. India: Thompson-Balys.

T333. T333. Man mutilates himself to remove temptation. *Mensa Philosophica No. 104; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T333.1. T333.1. Tempted man bites out his tongue and spits it in temptress‘s face. *Herbert III 343; Alphabet No. 138; Scala Celi 15b No. 186.

T333.2. T333.2. Tempted man burns off his fingers. Frightens his temptress. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 23 No. 18; *Crane Vitry 236 No. 246; Herbert III 20; Scala Celi 13b No. 80; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 34. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T333.3. T333.3. Man disfigures his face to remove temptation. Alphabet No. 659; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T333.3.1. T333.3.1. Tempted rabbi tears out his eyes to escape temptation. Jewish: Neuman.

T333.4. T333.4. Tempted holy man mutilates genitals. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

T333.5. T333.5. Hero cuts off head and wraps it in napkin so he will not be tempted by sight of virgins. India: Thompson-Balys.

T334. T334. Monk cures himself of desire for dead sweetheart. He digs up her remains. *Crane Vitry 236 No. 245; Herbert III 20.

T334.1. T334.1. Monk goes into desert to avoid temptation of women, the prime source of sin. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T335. T335. Saint exposes self to temptation but preserves chastity. Thus insures self greater reward in Heaven. Irish myth: *Cross:

T336. T336. Sight or touch of woman as source of sin. Alphabet Nos. 16, 527, 732, 776; Scala Celi 121b, 156b Nos. 666, 874; Mensa Philosophica No. 104; Herbert III 343, 434; Spanish Exempla: *Keller.

T336.1. T336.1. Woman’s girdle as source of sin. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 378.

T336.2. T336.2. Woman‘s voice as source of sin. Jewish: Neuman.

T337. T337. Woman wagers that she can seduce anchorite. Alphabet No. 528; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T337.1. T337.1. Saint’s enemy, wishing to cause saint to violate his oath never to “commit folly and utter lie,” induces his daughter to tempt saint. Saint perceives trick and avoids sin. Irish myth: Cross.

T338. T338. Virtuous man seduced by woman. Nouvelles de Sens No. 15; India: Thompson-Balys.

T338.1. T338.1. Ascetic successfully tempted: kills son born in consequence. India: Thompson-Balys.

T350. T350. Chaste sleeping together. Irish myth: *Cross.

T351. T351. Sword of chastity. A two-edged sword is laid between the couple sleeping together. *Type 303; *BP I 554, IV 202; *Cox Cinderella 488 n. 21; *Huet Romania XXXVI 50; *Chauvin V 62 No. 19 n. 2, VIII 194 No. 235 n. 1; *Fb “svжrd” III 690a; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 104a; Gaster Exempla 242 No. 330; *Hibbard 69 n. 8; Tardel Untersuchungen zur mittelhochdeutschen Spielmannspoesie (Schwerin, 1894) 22 n. 2; Thien 24; Gunter Die christliche Legende des Abendlandes 21; *Schoepperle II 430ff.; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 76 (to Gonzenbach No. 40); Child V 497 s.v. “sword”. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 9, *Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T351.1. T351.1. Bed-cover of chastity. Similar to sword of chastity. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7.

T352. T352. Boy sleeps between couple to safeguard their virtue. Irish myth: *Cross.

T353. T353. Object set between beds of couple sleeping in same room. Irish myth: *Cross.

T354. T354. Chaste sleeping together to torment woman. Man remains utterly impassive. India: Thompson-Balys.

T355. T355. Chaste sleeping together with six sisters-in-law one by one. India: Thompson-Balys.

T356. T356. Young man sleeps on girl‘s mat without touching her to signify his desire. S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg Mato Grosso 110.

T360. T360. Chastity and celibacy--miscellaneous.

T362. T362. Nun refuses to look at man.

T362.1. T362.1. Nun so opposed to seeing men that she refuses to see St. Martin. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T371. T371. The boy who had never seen a woman: the Satans. When he sees a girl and asks his father what it is, the father tells him it is Satan. Asked what he most likes he says, “The Satans.” *Type 1678; *Chauvin III 105 No. 16; Herbert III 5; *Crane Vitry 169f. No. 82; Alphabet No. 170; Scala Celi 15b No. 89; Boccaccio Decameron IV (proem) (*Lee 110); Nouvelles de Sens No. 2. -- U.S.: Baughman; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas IV 169, 282.

T371.1. T371.1. Boy is denied sight of all women except his mother and his nurse until he is eighteen. He falls in love with the first woman who is more attractive than his mother. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T372. T372. Adulterous love changed into a chaste one. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T373. T373. Heavy chastity belt imposed on wife. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T376. T376. Young man betrothed to statue. Man puts marriage ring on finger of statue of Venus (Virgin Mary). She afterwards forbids him the embraces of an earthly bride. **Baum PMLA XXXIV 523ff.; Alphabet Nos. 48, 465, 656; Ward II 609 No. 22, 621 No. 31, 626 No. 7; Scala Celi 111b No. 620.

T376.1. T376.1. Man leaves earthly bride for service of Virgin. *Crane Miraculis 89 No. 16, 98 No. 35; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 60 No. 51; Wells 170; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T381. T381. Imprisoned virgin to prevent knowledge of men (marriage, impregnation). Usually kept in a tower. (Danaл.) *Types 310, 516; *Krappe Balor 2ff., 11 nn. 38, 39; *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83ff. (chest on water); *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 103, 107f.; *Krappe Le Moyen Age 96ff.; *Loomis White Magic 119. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 153 n. 3, 154 n. 1, *Hartland Perseus chap. 1; Babylonian: Spence 157; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 5 No. 2; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 277 n. 21b; West Indies: Flowers 578.

T381.0.1. T381.0.1. Girl intended for marriage with king cloistered. Irish myth: *Cross.

T381.0.2. T381.0.2. Wife imprisoned in tower (house) to preserve chastity. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T381.1. T381.1. Guarded maiden first seen by hero in church. *Type 516; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 103; Icelandic: Boberg.

T381.1.1. T381.1.1. Guarded maiden first seen by hero in otherworld. Irish myth: Cross.

T382. T382. Attempt to keep wife chaste by carrying her in box. In spite of all precautions she meets men. *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83ff.; Wesselski Mдrchen 185; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1053; Japanese: Ikeda.

T383. T383. Other futile attempts to keep wife chaste. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T386. T386. Message of chastity: uncooked meat left behind. Man conducting a woman leaves uncooked meat behind each night of the journey as a sign to the husband following that she has not been touched. *Schoepperle II 414, 419; Irish myth: *Cross.

T400--T499.

T400--T499. Illicit sexual relations.

T400. T400. Illicit sexual relations.

T401. T401. Virgin Mary as protectress of illicit lovers. Ward II 604 No. 8, 606 No. 14, 612 No. 29, 618 No. 39, 621 No. 30, 626 No. 6, 638 No. 6, 650 No. 1, *663 No. 12, 668 No. 15; Herbert III 24; *Crane Vitry 257 No. 282, Miraculis 308 No. 2; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 887; Wells 166f. (Vernon Miracles Nos. 3, 7); Wesselski Mцnchslatein 47 No. 40, 72 No. 63.

T401.1. T401.1. Pregnant abbess secretly delivered of her child by Virgin Mary. *Wesselski Mцnchslatein 51 No. 44; *Crane Miraculis 99 No. 36; Alphabet No. 13; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T410. T410. Incest. **O. Rank Das Inzest-Motiv in Dichtung und Sage (Leipzig u. Wien, 1912); *Child V 484 s.v. “Incestuous”; Irish myth: *Cross; Arabian: Burton Nights I 110 n., II 172 n.; India: Thompson-Balys; Indo-Chinese: Dixon 165 *n. 47; Indonesia: Dixon 172.

T410.1. T410.1. Master discovers that slave girl he wants to marry is a near relative. Type 938*; U.S.: Baughman.

T411. T411. Father-daughter incest. *Kцhler-Bolte II 190ff.; *Krappe Review of Religion (1941) 3--17; Heptameron No. 30. -- Irish myth: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 74f.; English: Wells 176 (The Tale of an Incestuous Daughter); Danish: De la Saussaye 166 (Helgi); Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Grote I 149; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 75 (Prajapati); Maori: Dixon 164 n. 46; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 198.

T411.1. T411.1. Lecherous father. Unnatural father wants to marry his daughter. (Manekine.) *Types 510B, 706; BP I 295ff., *301 n. 5, II 45ff.; *Hibbard 25ff.; *Cox Nos. 131--208; Saintyves Perrault 187ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 420, II 184ff.; Wienert FFC LVI *83 (ET 497), 115 (ST 256); Cosquin Йtudes 3ff.; Rohde Der griechische Roman 37ff., 448; Dickson 199.--Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells 129 (Emare); Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 325 No. 6; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “pиre”; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 6, III No. 2, *Rotunda; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 46 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 304 n. 109p; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 139.

T411.1.1. T411.1.1. Father by trickery secures priest’s advice to marry his own daughter. If a man raise a lamb, shall he eat it himself or let another eat it? *Cosquin Йtudes 9.

T411.1.2. T411.1.2. Father feigning death returns in disguise and seduces daughter. N. A. Indian: **Schmerler JAFL XLIV 196ff.

T411.2. T411.2. Girl got with child by intoxicated father. Irish myth: *Cross.

T411.2.1. T411.2.1. Daughters seduce drunken father. Jewish: *Neuman.

T412. T412. Mother-son incest. *Types 931, 933; *Sparnaay 50ff.; Kцhler-Bolte II 173ff., 182ff. -- Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 90, *Cross; English: Wells 116 (Sir Eglamour of Artois); Danish: Grundtvig No. 294; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 603; Oceanic: Dixon 164 nn. 33--44; Indonesia: Hambruch Malaiische Mдrchen 299, Bezemer Volksdichtung aus Indonesien 81; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 162.

T412.1. T412.1. Mother guilty of incest with son forgiven by Pope (Virgin Mary). Wesselski Mцnchslatein 21 No. 16; Alphabet Nos. 206, 320; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T412.2. T412.2. Incognito son tempts mother to see whether all women are wicked. Scala Celi 87a No. 509; Icelandic: Gerling Islandzk Жventyri 7 No. 1.

T412.3. T412.3. Mother guilty of incest with son whose honor she is testing. Heptameron No. 30.

T412.4. T412.4. Boy courts his mother, is driven off by father. Africa (Konnoh): Willans 136.

T415. T415. Brother-sister incest. *Type 933; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 75; *Sparnaay 30; Kцhler-Bolte II 173ff., 182ff.; Baum PMLA XXXI 562 n. 59; Schrцder Germanisch-Romanische Monatschrift XIX 13; Chauvin V 197 No. 115; *Krappe Archiv fьr das Studium der neueren Sprachen 167 (1935) 161--176; Heptameron Nos. 30, 33.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 25, 90, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 98; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 251, Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Persian: Carnoy 310; Egyptian: Mьller 119; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Dixon 164 n. 45; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 274 n. 8; Africa (Fang): Einstein 189.

T415.1. T415.1. Lecherous brother. Wants to seduce (marry) his sister. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 314A*; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 408; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109.

T415.2. T415.2. Brother repels incestuous sister. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 75; N. A. Indian: *Demetrocoupoulou JAFL XLVI 101--125.

T415.3. T415.3. Lovers reared as brother and sister learn to their joy that they are not related. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 75; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T415.4. T415.4. Two lovers give each other up when they learn that they are brother and sister. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 75; India: Thompson-Balys.

T415.5. T415.5. Brother-sister marriage. Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Fox 164 (Zeus and Hera), *Frazer Pausanias II 84; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 31; Africa (Fang): Tessman 185.

T415.6. T415.6. Suicide to prevent brother-sister marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.

T415.7. T415.7. When boy cannot have his sister for a wife he asks for one of her eyes and ears instead. India: Thompson-Balys.

T417. T417. Son-in-law seduces mother-in-law. Italian Novella: Rotunda; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109s.

T417.1. T417.1. Mother-in-law seduces son-in-law. Italian Novella: *Rotunda; S. A. Indian (Guaporй): Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 379.

T418. T418. Lustful stepmother. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Euripides Hippolytus; S. A. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 551.

T418.1. T418.1. Lustful stepfather. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T421. T421. Man marries his aunt (mother‘s sister). Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 98 n. 1.

T423. T423. Youth attempts to seduce his grandmother. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 50; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

T425. T425. Brother-in-law seduces (seeks to seduce) sister-in-law. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T450. T450. Prostitution and concubinage. *Encyc. Religion Ethics III 809 s.v. “concubinage”; *Penzer X 272 s.v. “prostitution”, X 288 s.v. “sacred prostitution”; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 218; Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T450.1. T450.1. Wife born to be prostitute. Husband unable to change her ways, submits to them. Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles No. 91.

T450.2. T450.2. Woman disappointed in love threatens to become prostitute. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T450.3. T450.3. Prostitution to avoid starvation. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T450.4. T450.4. Prostitute has favorite lover. India: Thompson-Balys.

T451. T451. Devil causes girl to become prostitute. Destroys the girl’s family and begets on her a boy. English: Wells 42 (Arthour and Merlin).

T452. T452. Bawds. Professional go-betweens. *Chauvin VI 17 No. 189 n. 1; Bшdker Exempler 280 No. 23; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T452.1. T452.1. Mother acts as procuress of bedmate for her son. India: Thompson-Balys.

T453. T453. Getting advice from a woman in bed. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T453.1. T453.1. Hero learns feats of arms through gratifying woman‘s lust. Irish myth: *Cross.

T453.2. T453.2. Prostitute gets advice from customer. India: Thompson-Balys.

T455. T455. Woman sells favors for particular purpose. Irish myth: *Cross.

T455.1. T455.1. Woman sells favors to obtain a jewel. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 123 (Freja), 176 (Frigg); Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 108 No. 900A*.

T455.1.1. T455.1.1. Woman sells favors to obtain many jewels. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T455.2. T455.2. Woman sacrifices her honor to free her husband (brother) from prison. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XII 65.

T455.2.1. T455.2.1. Woman commits adultery to obtain aid for husband in battle. Irish myth: *Cross.

T455.3. T455.3. Woman sells favors for beautiful clothes. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 10.

T455.3.1. T455.3.1. Women sells favors for new shoes. (Cf. K1357.) Type 1731; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T455.4. T455.4. Parents urge girl to trade her favors for truce with hostile warrior. Irish myth: *Cross.

T455.5. T455.5. Woman gives favors to pay for help across river. India: Thompson-Balys.

T455.6. T455.6. Woman sells favors for large sum of money (property). India: *Thompson-Balys.

T455.7. T455.7. Princess gives herself to Turks of her own accord in order to save her people. India: Thompson-Balys.

T456. T456. Bed-partner to receive payment from first man she meets in the morning. It so happens: she marries the man and he makes her wealthy. Greek: Roscher Lexikon s.v. “Acca”.

T456.1. T456.1. Girl dares not receive gift from a man as it may be supposed to be payment for her favors. Icelandic: Lagerholm 21.

T457. T457. Sacred prostitution. *Penzer Poison Damsels 131ff.

T458. T458. Woman enjoys the ravishings of the enemy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T460. T460. Sexual perversions.

T461. T461. Person enamored of an object.

T461.1. T461.1. Woman enamored of a river. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 82 n. 1.

T461.2. T461.2. Women cohabit with magic house pillars. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 442, Rasmussen I 223.

T461.3. T461.3. Tree as wife. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 367, 255, 275; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 101; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 304 n. 1090.

T462. T462. Lesbian love. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T462.1. T462.1. Lesbian love: women give birth to monsters as result. India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Navaho): Matthews MAFLS V 81, (Fox): Jones PAES I 151ff.

T463. T463. Homosexual love (male). Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 137; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T465. T465. Bestiality. Intercourse of a human being and an animal. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman, Leviticus 18: 23; Babylonian: Gilgamesch-Epos VII; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 578.

T465.1. T465.1. Sheep born with human head as a result of bestiality. Wienert FFC LVI 38f.

T465.2. T465.2. Foal born of Loki after dealing with mythical stallion. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 90.

T465.3. T465.3. Homocentaurus born as a result of bestiality. Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 61.

T465.4. T465.4. Children are spotted like leopards as result of bestiality. U.S.: Baughman.

T465.5. T465.5. Pig born with head like that of man as a result of bestiality. U.S.: Baughman.

T466. T466. Necrophilism: sexual intercourse with dead human body. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T467. T467. The amorous bite. Penzer II 305.

T470. T470. Illicit sexual relations--miscellaneous motifs.

T471. T471. Rape. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

T471.0.1. T471.0.1. Fines imposed for rape. Irish myth: Cross.

T471.1. T471.1. Man unwittingly ravishes his own sister. (Cf. N365.3.) Finnish: Kalevala rune 35.

T471.2. T471.2. Wild man as ravisher of women. (Cf. F567.) Dickson 120 nn. 58--60.

T471.3. T471.3. Husband sends wife poison to avoid having her ravished by the enemy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T475. T475. Unknown (clandestine) paramour. Irish myth: Cross.

T475.1. T475.1. Unknown paramour discovered by string clue. Japanese: Anesaki 341, Ikeda.

T475.2. T475.2. Hero lies by princess in magic sleep and begets child. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 5; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

T475.2.1. T475.2.1. Intercourse with sleeping girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

T476. T476. Incognito mistress. King‘s mistress secretly becomes hero’s without revealing identity. *Chauvin V 219 No. 129 n. 2.

T481. T481. Adultery. *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. “adultery”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 223, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 87.

T481.1. T481.1. Adulteress roughly treated by her lover. *Fischer-Bolte 217; India: Thompson-Balys.

T481.2. T481.2. Queen‘s illicit passion for diseased man. Penzer V 181, 183.

T481.2.1. T481.2.1. Queen commits adultery with low-born man. Africa (Fang): Einstein 162.

T481.3. T481.3. Adulteress sells self to devil for money. Scala Celi 112a No. 625.

T481.4. T481.4. Wife seduces husband’s servant (pupil). Irish myth: *Cross.

T481.5. T481.5. King takes subject‘s wife while her husband is sent away. Icelandic: *Boberg; Danish: Grundtvig No. 145.

T481.6. T481.6. Queen begets son with duke while the king is in war. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T481.7. T481.7. Woman advises husband to kill guest else, she will make him chase husband and marry her instead. Icelandic: Boberg.

T482. T482. Day husband: night husband. Woman has two husbands: juggler at home only at night, robber only in day. They do not know about each other. (Similarly, day wife: night wife.) Chauvin V 254 No. 151 n. 1.

T484. T484. Maidservant given to lover’s companion as bed-partner. (Cf. T281.) *Schoepperle I 254ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

T485. T485. Fruit-picking time used for sexual promiscuity. India: Thompson-Balys.

T491. T491. Man has a son not his wife‘s; wife has a daughter not her husband’s. Children become lovers. Irish myth: Cross.

T492. T492. Queen makes all men who come to serve her copulate with her. India: Thompson-Balys.

T494. T494. Black nipples of girl‘s breasts reveal her loss of virginity. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 154, 159.

T500--T599.

T500--T599. Conception and birth.

T500. T500. Conception and birth. *Rank Mythus von der Geburt des Helden; **Fellinger Schwangerschaft und Geburt in der altfranzцsischen Literatur (Gцttingen, 1907); **Hartland Primitive Paternity; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 806; McDaniel Conception, Birth and Infancy (Miami, Florida, 1948).--Irish myth: Cross.

T510. T510. Miraculous conception. *Type 516; *BP I 544; *Hartland Perseus I 71ff.; *Chauvin V 43 No. 18 n. 1; **Hartland Paternity; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 808; *Frobenius Zeitalter des Sonnengottes I 223--263; *Rцsch FFC LXXVII 96; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I “Abstammung, wunderbare”; Loomis White Magic 16. -- English: Wells 31 (Geoffrey‘s life of Arthour), 39 (Nennius’ Historia Britonum), 42 (Arthour and Merlin), 101 (King Alisaunder); Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “conceptions”, RTP XV 471, 552, 597; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 21 n. 5; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166e; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 172.

T511. T511. Conception from eating. *BP I 544; *Hartland Perseus I 71ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1032; Frobenius Zeitalter des Sonnengottes I 236ff., 250ff.; *Toldo I 337. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman, Gaster Oldest Stories 84; Egyptian: Mьller 115; Indonesia: Dixon 236; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 324, 380; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 437, 444, (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 461, (Aleut): Golder JAFL XVIII 85, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 243; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166h; S. A. Indian (Central Brazil): Ehrenreich Int. Cong. Americanists XIV 661.

T511.0.1. T511.0.1. Queen and maidservant conceive from eating same food. Their sons are like brothers. (Cf. P311.4.) Kцhler-Bolte I 512; BP I 545.

T511.1. T511.1. Conception from eating a fruit. (Cf. F611.1.8.) *Type 301; *BP I 544; Chauvin V 43ff.; Gypsy: Aichele Zigeunermдrchen 316; Turkish: Manzel Tьrkische Mдrchen II No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 91; Indonesia: Verbeck Malaiische Erzдhlungen 139; S. A. Indian (Yunca): Alexander Lat. Am. 228, (Huarochiri): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169.

T511.1.1. T511.1.1. Conception from eating apple. *Type 708; BP II 236; *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 91a n. 14; Chauvin VI 84 No. 252; *Fb “жble” III 1135b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.1.2. T511.1.2. Conception from eating berry. Finnish: Kalevala rune 50.

T511.1.3. T511.1.3. Conception from eating mango. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T511.1.4. T511.1.4. Conception from eating orange. India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.1.5. T511.1.5. Conception from eating lemon. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius IV 216ff. No. 19.

T511.1.6. T511.1.6. Conception from eating a peach. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 103.

T511.2. T511.2. Conception from eating plant. French: Sйbillot France III 528: Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.2.0.1. T511.2.0.1. Conception from eating root. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T511.2.0.2. T511.2.0.2. Conception from eating leaves. India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.2.1. T511.2.1. Conception from eating mandrake. (Cf. D965.1.) **Frazer Old Testament II 372ff.; Loomis White Magic 20.

T511.2.2. T511.2.2. Conception from eating watercress. Irish myth: Cross.

T511.3. T511.3. Conception from eating vegetable. India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.3.1. T511.3.1. Conception from eating peppercorn. Rumanian: *Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 315A, 327D*.

T511.3.2. T511.3.2. Conception from eating spinach. India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.4. T511.4. Conception from eating flower. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92, 108; Indonesia: v. Ronkel Catalogus Malaiische Handschriften te Batavia 153.

T511.4.1. T511.4.1. Conception from eating rose. Red rose brings boy, white rose a girl. Fb “rose” III 80a; Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 8.

T511.5. T511.5. Conception from eating animal.

T511.5.1. T511.5.1. Conception from eating fish. *Types 301, 705; *BP I 544; Irish myth: *Cross; Indonesia: Jeynboll Supplement Catalogus Sundaneesche Handschriften 26; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 158.

T511.5.2. T511.5.2. Conception from swallowing worm (in drink of water). *Schoepperle II 275, 277; MacCulloch Celtic 140; Irish myth: *Cross.

T511.5.3. T511.5.3. Conception from eating louse. N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 224.

T511.5.4. T511.5.4. Conception from eating bird. India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.6. T511.6. Conception from eating parts of human being.

T511.6.1. T511.6.1. Conception from eating woman’s heart. *DeVries FFC CX 217ff.; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 263.

T511.6.2. T511.6.2. Conception from eating finger-bones. S. A. Indian (Bakairi): Alexander Lat. Am. 312, Lйvi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 347.

T511.7. T511.7. Conception from eating food.

T511.7.1. T511.7.1. Conception after eating honey given by lover. S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 157.

T511.7.2. T511.7.2. Pregnancy from eating an egg. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 91, 103.

T511.7.3. T511.7.3. Conception from eating meat. India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.8. T511.8. Conception from eating--miscellaneous.

T511.8.1. T511.8.1. Conception from swallowing a stone. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92.

T511.8.2. T511.8.2. Conception from eating medicines. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T511.8.3. T511.8.3. Conception from eating mess of fairy pottage. Irish myth: Cross.

T511.8.4. T511.8.4. Conception from eating grain (seed). India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 93.

T511.8.5. T511.8.5. Woman impregnated after accidentally partaking of crane‘s dung. India: Thompson-Balys.

T511.8.6. T511.8.6. Conception from swallowing a pearl. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92.

T512. T512. Conception from drinking. *BP I 544; *Hartland Perseus I 71ff.; *Penzer I 95 n. 2; *Schoepperle II 276; Irish myth: Cross; Hindu: Keith 166; Indonesia: Dixon 238 n. 52; Central Caroline Islands: ibid. 251; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 461.

T512.1. T512.1. Conception from drinking elixir from goat’s horns. Penzer III 218.

T512.2. T512.2. Conception from drinking urine. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 85; Frobenius Zeitalter des Sonnengottes I 226ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Chavannes 500 Contes I 80 No. 23, II 283 No. 342, III 233 No. 453; Indonesia: De Vries Volksverhalen II 362 No. 110; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis II 57.

T512.2.1. T512.2.1. Child develops from man‘s urine. S. A. Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 132.

T512.3. T512.3. Conception from drinking water. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 585, Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 93 No. 51.

T512.3.1. T512.3.1. Conception from drinking holy water. (Cf. D1242.1.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

T512.4. T512.4. Conception from drinking saint’s tears. Irish myth: Cross.

T512.5. T512.5. Impregnation from licking spittle. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T512.6. T512.6. Conception from drinking sperm. (Cf. T531.1.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 37; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 159, (Huarochiri): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169.

T512.7. T512.7. Conception from drinking dew. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 93.

T513. T513. Conception from wish. (Cf. T548.1.) *Types 675, 708; *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 27f.; *Fb “frugtsommelig” I 376b, “шnske” III 1178b, 1179a; Missouri French: Carriиre; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 3.

T513.1. T513.1. Conception through another‘s wish. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T513.1.1. T513.1.1. Impregnation by magician’s power. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 148, Rasmussen II 217; S. A. Indian (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 168.

T514. T514. Conception after reciprocal desire for each other. India: Thompson-Balys.

T514.1. T514.1. Conception after anchorite blesses woman in love with him. India: Thompson-Balys.

T515. T515. Impregnation through glance. England: Baughman; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 315; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 289 No. 94.

T515.1. T515.1. Impregnation through lustful glance. N. A. Indian (Yana): Curtin Creation Myths 348. Cf. the “greenclad woman” in Ibsen‘s Peer Gynt.

T516. T516. Conception through dream. *Type 650; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 92; Egyptian: Legrain Louqsor sans les Pharaons 119; Chinese: Ferguson 37, 60, Werner 132, Eberhard FFC CXX 93; Korean: Zong in-Sob 127, 201 Nos. 61, 97.

T517. T517. Conception from extraordinary intercourse.

T517.1. T517.1. Conception from hand or foot. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 19; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 275.

T517.2. T517.2. Conception through mother’s side. (Cf. T584.1.) *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 21.

T517.3. T517.3. Conception through ear. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 19.

T518. T518. Conception from divine impregnation. Penzer VIII 114 n. 1; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 180; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 159.

T521. T521. Conception from sunlight. *BP III 89 n. 2; Frazer Golden Bough X 74ff.; Baumann Mensch en Maatschappij VI 263; *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 25ff., 90ff.; Gaster Oldest Stories 169. -- India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 130, Eberhard FFC CXX 91; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 5 No. 2; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 398; Samoa, Fiji: Dixon 165 nn. 49f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 277 n. 21a; Aztec: Krickeberg Mдrchen der Azteken 230, 247; S. A. Indian (Tunja): Alexander Lat. Am. 201, (Karib): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146, (Warrau): ibid. 145.

T521.1. T521.1. Conception from moonlight. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 98; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 91; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 277 n. 21a.

T521.2. T521.2. Conception from rainbow. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92.

T521.3. T521.3. Conception from rays of a dragon. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 91.

T522. T522. Conception from falling rain. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 24; Baumann Mensch en Maatschappij VI 266; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166g.

T523. T523. Conception from bathing. (Cf. D1788.) *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 23; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 335.

T524. T524. Conception from wind. (Cf. A715.2, F611.1.9.) *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 22; BP II 300; Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 810; Baumann Mensch en Maatschappij VI 264; Finnish: Kalevala rune 1; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92; Japanese: Ikeda; Minahassa (Celebes): Dixon 158; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 277 n. 21.

T525. T525. Conception from falling star. Irish myth: Cross.

T525.1. T525.1. Impregnation by star. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92.

T525.2. T525.2. Impregnation by a comet. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92.

T526. T526. Conception because of prayer. Korean: Zong in-Sob 4 No. 1.

T527. T527. Magic impregnation by use of charm (amulet). India: Thompson-Balys.

T528. T528. Impregnation by thunder (lightning). Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 91.

T531. T531. Conception from casual contact with man. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 18, 26; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 229; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 144; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166f.

T531.1. T531.1. Conception from having licked semen-stained loincloth. (Cf. T512.6.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T532. T532. Conception from other contacts. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 92, 103; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 437, Rasmussen III 305; Marquesas: Handy 85; S. A. Indian (Tapirapй): Wagley-Baldao BBAE CXLIII (3) 253.

T532.1. T532.1. Conception from contact with magic object. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 17f.

T532.1.1. T532.1.1. Conception from plucking flower. (Cf. C515.) Greek: Fox 190.

T532.1.1.1. T532.1.1.1. Conception from smelling flower. Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 315; India: Thompson-Balys.

T532.1.2. T532.1.2. Conception from embracing magic tree. Hindu: Keith 159.

T532.1.2.1. T532.1.2.1. Conception from embracing holy image. French: Sйbillot France IV 159.

T532.1.3. T532.1.3. Impregnation by leaf of lettuce. Greek: Fox 166.

T532.1.4. T532.1.4. Conception by smell of cooked dragon heart. Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 9; India: Thompson-Balys.

T532.1.4.1. T532.1.4.1. Conception after smelling ground bonedust. India: Thompson-Balys.

T532.2. T532.2. Conception from stepping on an animal. French: Sйbillot France III 15.

T532.3. T532.3. Conception from fruit thrown against breast. Indonesia: Bezemer Volksdichtung aus Indonesien 409ff.

T532.3.1. T532.3.1. Conception from flowers hidden in breast. S. A. Indian (Amuesa): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 129, 149.

T532.4. T532.4. Cow touched by arrow becomes pregnant. N. A. Indian (Blackfoot): Uhlenbeck Blackfoot Texts (Verhandelingen der Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, 1912) 18f.

T532.5. T532.5. Conception from putting on another’s girdle. Hawaii: Frobenius Zeitalter des Sonnengottes I 225.

T532.5.1. T532.5.1. Conception from touching another‘s garment. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 376.

T532.6. T532.6. Conception from putting ball into bosom. Mexican: Frobenius Zeitalter des Sonnengottes I 234ff.

T532.7. T532.7. Woman becomes pregnant after eagle sits on her head. India: Thompson-Balys.

T532.8. T532.8. Impregnation by shadow of Bhimsen. India: Thompson-Balys.

T532.8.1. T532.8.1. Conception after shadow of man has fallen on bathing girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

T532.9. T532.9. Miraculous conception from God’s bow. India: Thompson-Balys.

T532.10. T532.10. Conception from hiss of cobra. India: Thompson-Balys.

T533. T533. Conception from spittle. (Cf. T541.8.2.) Fb “spytte” III 515b; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 16, 105; S. A. Indian (Quiche): Alexander Lat. Am. 171, (Maya): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169, (Mocovн): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 98.

T534. T534. Conception from blood. (Cf. T541.1, T563.2.) *Fb “blod” IV 47a.

T535. T535. Conception from fire. (Cf. F611.1.10.) Irish myth: Cross.

T535.1. T535.1. Conception from heat of fire. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 98ff.

T536. T536. Conception from feathers falling on woman. N. A. Indian (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 60.

T537. T537. Conception from scarification. Pigeons scarify woman on loins. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 55.

T538. T538. Unusual conception in old age. Loomis White Magic 20; Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 318.

T539. T539. Miraculous conception--miscellaneous.

T539.1. T539.1. Hero enters womb of sleeping woman and is reborn. India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 194, 222.

T539.2. T539.2. Conception by a cry. Max Mьller Sacred Books of the East V 69, 71 (Persian); cf. Carnoy 289.

T539.3. T539.3. Conception from intercourse with demon. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

T539.4. T539.4. Heifers covered by supernatural bull conceive miraculously. Irish myth: Cross.

T539.5. T539.5. Magic impregnation from faraway husband. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 102 No. 59.

T540. T540. Miraculous birth. *BP I 544; *Hartland Perseus ch. 4, 5, 6, Primitive Paternity passim; *Fb “barn” IV 27a; *Penzer II 136 n. 1; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 94 No. 53; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list Nos. 157, 159; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166.

T540.1. T540.1. Supernatural birth of saints. *Toldo I 320 n. 2; Loomis White Magic 20; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

T541. T541. Birth from unusual part of person’s body. Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.

T541.1. T541.1. Birth from blood. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 5 n. 4, Fox 6, 262; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole *15, 63, 71, 124.

T541.1.1. T541.1.1. Birth from blood-clot. Hatt Asiatic Influences 80ff.; Oceanic: *Dixon 109, 251 n. 25; Mono-Alu: Wheeler No. 01; New Hebrides: Codrington 406; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 322 n. 165, (California): Gayton and Newman 68; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 72, 105, (Kaffir): Theal 149.

T541.1.1.1. T541.1.1.1. Boy created by saint from blood-clot. Irish myth: Cross.

T541.2. T541.2. Birth from wound or abscess. *Type 705; Fb “orm” II 759b; Oceanic: Dixon 113, 234 n. 44, 251 nn. 18--22; Haiti: Alexander Lat. Am. 29; Africa: *Werner 156f., 222.

T541.2.1. T541.2.1. Birth from wound or abscess on body of father. Cosquin Йtudes 257, Contes indiens 196ff.; Moe Samlede Skrifter I 43ff.; Greek: Grote I 10; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 18 n. 2, 30 n. 3, 38, 81, 87, 144, 151; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 341 nn. 228, 229; Africa (Mkulwe): Einstein 18f.

T541.2.1.1. T541.2.1.1. Child born of splinter in hand (foot). India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 341 n. 228.

T541.3. T541.3. Birth from tears. India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 141; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166a.

T541.4. T541.4. Birth from person‘s head. *Fb “barn” IV 27a; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 25 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 121.

T541.4.1. T541.4.1. Birth from mouth. Jewish: Neuman.

T541.5. T541.5. Birth from man’s thigh. *Fb “barn” IV 27a; Gaster Oldest Stories 127.

T541.5.1. T541.5.1. Birth from woman‘s thigh. Japanese: Ikeda.

T541.6. T541.6. Birth from an arm. Micronesia: Dixon 251 nn. 18--22; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 98.

T541.7. T541.7. Birth from an eye. Micronesia: Dixon 251 nn. 18--22.

T541.8. T541.8. Birth from secretions of the body. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166b.

T541.8.1. T541.8.1. Birth from excrement. Jewish: *Neuman.

T541.8.2. T541.8.2. Birth from spittle. (Cf. T533.) S. A. Indian (Yana): Curtin Creation Myths 348.

T541.8.3. T541.8.3. Birth from mucus from the nose. Hindu: Keith 141; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 352 n. 269.

T541.8.3.1. T541.8.3.1. Child born through nose. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 122.

T541.9. T541.9. Birth from contact of severed male genitals with ground. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 5 n. 4.

T541.10. T541.10. Birth from semen thrown on ground. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 90 n. 1.

T541.11. T541.11. Birth from lotus issuing from a god’s navel. Hindu: Keith 120.

T541.12. T541.12. Birth from nine mothers. (Cf. A112.5.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 153 (Heimdall).

T541.13. T541.13. Birth from man‘s shoulder. India: Thompson-Balys.

T541.14. T541.14. Birth through the ear. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 122.

T541.15. T541.15. Birth through the back. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 122.

T541.16. T541.16. Birth from knee. S. A. Indian (Tucuna): Nimuendajъ BBAE CXLIII (3) 724.

T542. T542. Birth of human being from an egg. (Cf. F611.1.11.) *Type 650; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 92; *Fb “жg” III 1142b; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 23 n. 7, 25 n. 1, Fox 24f., 203; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 139; Indo-Chinese: Scott Indo-Chinese 276, 292; Chinese: Graham; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 757, 787; Korean: Zong in-Sob 5 No. 2; S. A. Indian (Chincha): Alexander Lat. Am. 230; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 110.

T542.1. T542.1. Shepherdess born of red and blue egg. India: Thompson-Balys.

T543. T543. Birth from plant. Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 77 No. 12, (Ekoi): Talbot 133ff., (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 76.

T543.0.1. T543.0.1. Twig, born of a woman, is planted and becomes a girl. (Cf. T555.) BP II 125.

T543.1. T543.1. Birth from a tree. Greek: Fox 198; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 84; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 159.

T543.2. T543.2. Birth from flower. Irish myth: Cross; Armenian: Ananikian 45; Hindu: Penzer VI 15 n. 3.

T543.2.1. T543.2.1. Birth from lotus. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 299, II 135, 247, 527, 1150.

T543.3. T543.3. Birth from fruit. *Penzer VI 15. n. 3; Armenian: Ananikian 45; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 313, Ikeda; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 134.

T543.3.1. T543.3.1. Birth from orange. India: Thompson-Balys.

T543.4. T543.4. Birth from fungus. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 135.

T543.5. T543.5. Birth from gourd. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T543.6. T543.6. Birth from grass (grain).

T543.6.1. T543.6.1. Birth from wheat. India: Thompson-Balys.

T543.7. T543.7. Birth from vegetable. India: Thompson-Balys.

T544. T544. Birth from mineral.

T544.1. T544.1. Birth from rock. Ploss Das Kind I 33; Gaster Oldest Stories 125; Caucasian: von Lцwis of Menar Archiv f. Religionwiss. XIII 509ff., XV 305; Greek: Fox 213; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 94 No. 52; Melanesia: Dixon 119, Codrington 156.

T544.2. T544.2. Boy forged from iron. (Cf. F611.1.12.) *Type 540; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 92; *Fb “jжrn” II 60b.

T545. T545. Birth from ground. Greek: Grote I 52; Hindu: Keith 127; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 314 n. 139.

T546. T546. Birth from water.

T546.1. T546.1. Birth from sea-foam. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Stevenson RBAE XXIII 24.

T546.2. T546.2. Birth from hailstone. India: Thompson-Balys.

T547. T547. Birth from virgin. Saintyves Saints Successeurs 220ff., 271--77; Greek: Grote I 10, 55; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 154.

T548. T548. Birth obtained through magic or prayer. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1163, 1258; S. A. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 318.

T548.1. T548.1. Child born in answer to prayer. *Prato RTP IV 177; Toldo I 321 n. 1; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 77, 113 Nos. 650, 936; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2; Jewish: Neuman, Gaster Thespis 270f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 76f.; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 1 No. 4, 171 f. No. 74; West Indies: Flowers 578.

T548.1.1. T548.1.1. Hateful or lovely child to be born first? Childless parents‘ prayer answered: they are to have two children, one hateful, one lovely. Choice as to which is to come first. Kцhler-Bolte I 520ff.

T548.2. T548.2. Magic rites for obtaining a child. *Type 711; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 98; Penzer VI 14; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 284.

T548.3. T548.3. Magic elixir to procure a child. Penzer III 218f.

T548.4. T548.4. Charity rewarded by birth of child. India: Thompson-Balys.

T549. T549. Miraculous birth--miscellaneous.

T549.1. T549.1. Vegetable comes to life at woman’s prayer. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 77 No. 12.

T549.2. T549.2. Thrown cane becomes child. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 75.

T549.3. T549.3. Boy born from fish‘s belly. India: Thompson-Balys.

T549.3.1. T549.3.1. Fish when slit open gives up baby boy. India: Thompson-Balys.

T549.4. T549.4. Child born from miscarried fetus. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 68, 83, 89.

T549.4.1. T549.4.1. Child born from placenta. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 79.

T550. T550. Monstrous births. *Types 425, 708; *Hibbard 48 n. 6; Tegethoff 24; BP II 236; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 155, *Cross; U.S.: Baughman; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “accouchement”; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 145.

T550.1. T550.1. Monster child helps mother. *Type 708; BP II 236; Japanese: Ikeda.

T550.2. T550.2. Abnormally born child has unusual powers. *Fb “ufшdt” III 961b; Japanese: Ikeda; West Indies: Flowers 578.

T550.3. T550.3. Misshapen child from brother-sister incest. (Cf. T415.) Halliday Indo-European Folk-Tales (London, 1933) 134; Greek: Fox 33: Chinese: Werner 408.

T550.4. T550.4. Monstrous birth because mother sees horrible sight. England: Baughman; Ploss Das Kind 21ff.

T550.5. T550.5. Blemished children born of monstrous parent. Irish myth: Cross.

T550.6. T550.6. Only half a son is born by queen who ate merely half of mango. (Cf. F525, T589.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T550.7. T550.7. Poor woman gives birth to child who has no body (merely head or skull). India: Thompson-Balys.

T551. T551. Child with extraordinary members (limbs).

T551.1. T551.1. Child born without limbs. English: Wells 122 (The King of Tars); Africa (Kaffir): Theal 72.

T551.1.1. T551.1.1. Child born as formless lump of flesh. Icelandic: Ragnars saga Loрbrуkar (ed. Olsen, Copenhagen, 1906--08) 129; *Schlauch Chaucer‘s Constance and Accused Queens (New York, 1927) 126; *Hornstein Philological Quarterly XX 1; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 782, 1268f.

T551.2. T551.2. Child born with two heads. (Cf. F551.0.2.1.) Africa (Angola): Chatelain 117 No. 9.

T551.3. T551.3. Child born with animal head. Type 711; Christiansen Norske Eventyr 99.

T551.3.1. T551.3.1. Child with dog’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

T551.3.2. T551.3.2. Child with hawk‘s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

T551.3.3. T551.3.3. Monstrous birth: child with donkey’s head. India: Thompson-Balys.

T551.3.4. T551.3.4. Child with cow‘s head.

T551.3.4.1. T551.3.4.1. Person born with cow’s ears. (Cf. F511.2.2.) Chinese: Graham.

T551.3.4.2. T551.3.4.2. Child born with horns. Greek: Grote I 18.

T551.4. T551.4. Boy born with one side flesh and one iron. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 129.

T551.4.1. T551.4.1. Child born beautiful on one side, hairy on other. Hibbard 45ff. (King of Tars); Irish myth: Cross.

T551.5. T551.5. Child born half man, half fish. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T551.6. T551.6. Child born without mouth. Irish myth: *Cross.

T551.7. T551.7. Child born with one ear. Irish myth: Cross.

T551.8. T551.8. Child born with caul (containing serpent). Irish myth: *Cross.

T551.9. T551.9. Child born with claws as result of curse by dying peddler murdered by its parents. U.S. (New York State): *Baughman (M411.3.1.1.).

T551.10. T551.10. Monstrous birth--nine faces, nine arms, nine feet. Chinese: Graham.

T551.11. T551.11. Birth of one-eyed child. (Cf. F512.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T551.12. T551.12. Child born with one leg. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 179.

T551.13. T551.13. Child born hairy. Jewish: Neuman.

T551.13.1. T551.13.1. Child born with long hair. Jewish: *Neuman.

T551.13.2. T551.13.2. Child born with long beard. Jewish: Neuman.

T551.14. T551.14. Child with all of its organs out of place. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 270.

T551.15. T551.15. Child born blood-red. Jewish: *Neuman.

T552. T552. Child born bearing an object.

T552.1. T552.1. Girl born with red string around neck. Fb. “rшd”.

T552.2. T552.2. Child born with snake around neck. Fb. “slange”; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T552.2.1. T552.2.1. Child born bearing lizard in each hand. Irish myth: Cross.

T552.2.2. T552.2.2. Child born holding worm (in each hand). Irish myth: *Cross.

T552.3. T552.3. Child born carrying knife and calabash. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 32.

T552.4. T552.4. Child born carrying handful of hair. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 56 No. 10.

T552.5. T552.5. Child born with complete armor. Hartland Perseus III 198; Hungarian: Ipolyi Zs. f. deutsche Mythologie und Sittenkunde II 168; Malay: Overbeck Malaiische Erzдhlungen 12; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 300, XII 125.

T552.5.1. T552.5.1. Child born wearing helmet. Irish myth: Cross.

T552.5.2. T552.5.2. Child born with magic iron bow. India: Thompson-Balys.

T552.5.3. T552.5.3. Child born with knife and shield. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 120.

T552.6. T552.6. Child born carrying a stone. Irish myth: Cross.

T552.7. T552.7. Child born wearing jewel. India: Thompson-Balys.

T552.8. T552.8. Daughter born with a feathered parka. Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XXII 21.

T553. T553. Thumbling born as result of hasty wish of parents. They wish for a child, no matter how small he may be. *Type 700; *BP I 389ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 286, Ikeda.

T554. T554. Woman gives birth to animal. Type 441; BP II 236ff., 482ff.; *Fb “hund” I 678b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 279; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 108, 211; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 105, 268, (Kaffir): Theal 148.

T554.0.1. T554.0.1. Woman transformed to animal bears animal. (Cf. T578.2.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 169, *Cross.

T554.1. T554.1. Tiger, spirit, and man sons of one mother. India: Thompson-Balys.

T554.2. T554.2. Woman bears dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

T554.3. T554.3. Woman bears crane. India: Thompson-Balys.

T554.4. T554.4. Woman bears monkey. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T554.5. T554.5. Woman bears tortoise (turtle). India: *Thompson-Balys.

T554.6. T554.6. Woman bears goat. India: Thompson-Balys.

T554.7. T554.7. Woman gives birth to a snake. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 108; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 120.

T554.8. T554.8. Woman bears frog. India: Thompson-Balys.

T554.8.1. T554.8.1. Woman gives birth to toad. Chinese: Graham.

T554.9. T554.9. Woman bears three pigs. Philippine (Tinguian): *Cole 116.

T554.10. T554.10. Woman gives birth to a bird. Mono-Alu: Wheeler No. 20.

T554.11. T554.11. Supernaturally impregnated woman gives birth to dragon. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 102 No. 60.

T555. T555. Woman gives birth to a plant. (Cf. T543.0.1.) BP II 125; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 2; Persian: Carnoy 295.

T555.1. T555.1. Woman gives birth to a fruit. Can transform itself to girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

T555.1.1. T555.1.1. Woman gives birth to pumpkin. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 77.

T555.2. T555.2. Queen gives birth to a gourd. India: Thompson-Balys.

T556. T556. Woman gives birth to a demon. Type 433B; Hindu: Meyer Hindu Tales 62, 117, 165.

T557. T557. Child born with viper in heart (body). Irish myth: *Cross.

T561. T561. Child born in a jug (jar). Penzer IX 89 n. 3; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 323 n. 166c; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 149.

T561.1. T561.1. Child born in conch shell. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T561.2. T561.2. Child born in a furnace. India: Thompson-Balys.

T561.3. T561.3. Child born in a bag. India: Thompson-Balys.

T561.4. T561.4. Child born in pot. India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 40, 97ff., 129-33, BBAE CXLIII (1) 368.

T562. T562. White woman bears black child. Fb “prins og prinsesse” II 876.

T563. T563. Birthmarks. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

T563.1. T563.1. Child of three fathers born with three stripes. Irish myth: *Cross.

T563.2. T563.2. Child formed of clot of gore has red birthmark. (Cf. T541.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

T563.3. T563.3. Child born with figure of serpent on his body. Jewish: *Neuman.

T563.4. T563.4. Tattoo on newly born baby‘s back telling who was his former incarnation. Korean: Zong in-Sob 76 No. 41.

T565. T565. Woman lays an egg. (Cf. T542.) Fb “жg” III 1142b; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 77; Korean: Zong in-Sob 5 No. 2; S. A. Indian (Huamachuco): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 151.

T566. T566. Human son of animal parents. India: Thompson-Balys.

T569. T569. Monstrous births--miscellaneous.

T569.1. T569.1. Queen delivered of a piece of flesh; abandoned and saved, it gradually separates into forms of boy and girl. India: Thompson-Balys.

T569.2. T569.2. Woman gives birth to grinding-stone. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 68.

T570. T570. Pregnancy. India: Thompson-Balys.

T571. T571. Unreasonable demands of pregnant women. *Penzer I 97 n. 1, 221ff., II 31, III 60, V 127 n. 2, VII 201, IX 144; Cowell Jataka Index s.v. “pregnancy”; *M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII vii, JAOS XL 1; Child II 408f., 414; Loomis White Magic 20. -- Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 176, *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 95, 98; Maori: Dixon 60; Indonesian, Polynesian: ibid 233 n. 42; Sumatran: ibid. 161; Batak: Voorhoeve 141; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 51; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 374, (Angola): Chatelain 83 No. 4, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 414 No. 13; West Indies: Flowers 578.

T572. T572. Prevention of childbirth.

T572.1. T572.1. Magic prevention of childbirth. *Type 755; *Hauffen Zs. f. Vksk. X 436ff.; *Kittredge Witchcraft 113f., 442f. nn. 79--84; *Fb “sten” III 554a; Irish myth: *Cross.

T572.1.1. T572.1.1. Mother sits on stone to prevent premature birth. Irish myth: *Cross.

T572.2. T572.2. Abortion. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics VI 54ff.; *Penzer II 229; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

T572.2.1. T572.2.1. Abortion by vomiting up embryo. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 84, *Cross.

T572.2.2. T572.2.2. Abortion by eating. Child I 341, 343f., 352, 354, III 387, 393, IV 456; Gaster Oldest Stories 121.

T572.2.3. T572.2.3. Hero an abortion thrown into the bushes. Maori: Dixon 42.

T572.2.4. T572.2.4. Abortion by fasting. Irish myth: Cross.

T572.2.5. T572.2.5. Abortion caused by fear. Irish myth: Cross.

T572.2.6. T572.2.6. Abortion by long bathing. India: Thompson-Balys.

T573. T573. Short pregnancy. Jewish: *Neuman; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 375; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 309 n. 116; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 142, (Uru-Chipaya): ibid 169, (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 318.

T573.0.1. T573.0.1. Short pregnancy in animals. Irish myth: *Cross.

T573.1. T573.1. Woman conceives and bears same day. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T574. T574. Long pregnancy. Delayed by an enemy who bewitches the mother. *Toldo I 337, II 313; *Frazer Pausanias V 45f.; *Fb “fшde” I 398; Tegethoff 41; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63 (to Gonzenbach No. 12); Child I 82ff., 489, III 497, V 285b. -- Irish: Thurneyson I 274, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 1; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 166 n. 2; Persian: Carnoy 331; Chinese: Wilhelm Chinesische Mдrchen Nos. 15, 18, 29; Batak: Frazer Golden Bough I 143; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 180; Madagascar: Dandoyau Contes populaires des Sakalava No. 57.

T574.1. T574.1. Long pregnancy: twelve months. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T574.2. T574.2. Long pregnancy: seven years. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 208, II 1222.

T575. T575. Child speaks before birth. (Cf. A511.1.2.)

T575.1. T575.1. Child speaks in mother‘s womb. *Chauvin VII 112 No. 379bis n. 1, VIII 63 No. 27; *Fb “ufшdt” III 962a; **Colson “L’enfant qui parle avant d‘кtre nй” Mйlusine V No. 2; Gaidoz Mйlusine IV No. 10; *Toldo I 338f.; DeVries FFC LXXIII 322, 325f.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 102, 520; Child III 367 nn., IV 507a, V 298a; Krappe Zeitschrift fьr deutsches Altertum LXXII (1935) 161--71; Saintyves Saints Successeurs 253.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 207, *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 335; India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 60, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 133, (Warrau): ibid. 145; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 85 No. 5, (Kaffir): Theal 89, (Zulu): Callaway 6.

T575.1.1. T575.1.1. Child in mother’s womb reveals crime. BP II 535; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T575.1.1.1. T575.1.1.1. Child in mother‘s womb reveals murder. BP II 535.

T575.1.1.2. T575.1.1.2. Child in mother’s womb reveals adultery. DeVries FFC LXXIII 322, 325f.

T575.1.1.3. T575.1.1.3. Child in mother‘s womb reveals unjust judgment. DeVries FFC LXXIII 322, 325f.; Loomis White Magic 23f.

T575.1.2. T575.1.2. Future suicide weeps in mother’s womb. Fb “selvmord”.

T575.1.3. T575.1.3. Twins quarrel before birth in mother‘s womb. *Krappe Balor 31 n. 109; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 145 n. 4; Jewish: *Neuman; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 279 n. 33.

T575.1.4. T575.1.4. Future poet chants spell in mother’s womb. Irish myth: Cross.

T575.1.5. T575.1.5. Children in mothers‘ wombs praise God at birth of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

T575.1.5.1. T575.1.5.1. Embryos in womb join melody and sing. Jewish: Neuman.

T575.1.6. T575.1.6. Child in mother’s belly guides her. S. A. Indian (Warrau): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 145, (Karib): ibid. 146.

T575.1.6.1. T575.1.6.1. Unborn child directs his mother on journey. S. A. Indian (Karib): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 146, (Chiriguano): ibid 154, 160, 165, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

T575.2. T575.2. Woman talks to her child before it is conceived. N. A. Indian (Blackfoot): Wissler and Duvall PaAM II 126.

T575.3. T575.3. Child speaks from dead mother‘s womb. (Cf. T584.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T575.4. T575.4. Child in mother’s womb visible from outside. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 325, 609.

T576. T576. Prenatal influences. India: Thompson-Balys.

T577. T577. Fetus exchanged from one woman to another. India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 171, 223.

T577.1. T577.1. Male embryo transformed in womb to female. Jewish: Neuman.

T578. T578. Pregnant man. *Type 705; *Fb “frugtsommelig” I 376b; DeVries FFC LXXIII 268; von der Hagen II 53ff. No. 24; Christensen DF XLVII 227 No. 93, L 72.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 145 (Loki); Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 324; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 444, (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 326; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 323 n. 166d; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 196 No. 29.

T578.1. T578.1. Child incubated in man‘s thigh. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 319 n. 3 (Zeus and Dionysus).

T578.2. T578.2. Man transformed to female (human or animal) bears offspring. (Cf. T554.0.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

T579. T579. Pregnancy--miscellaneous motifs.

T579.1. T579.1. Sheath and knife as analogy for mother and unborn child. Child V 486 s.v. “knife”; Eskimo: Rink No. 2.

T579.2. T579.2. Girl’s blood examined to see if she is pregnant. Fb “blod” IV 48a.

T579.3. T579.3. Seven-year-old girl has child. Gaster Exempla 230 No. 247.

T579.3.1. T579.3.1. Seven-year-old boy begets child. Irish myth: Cross.

T579.4. T579.4. Mother of saint has healing spittle during pregnancy. Irish myth: Cross.

T579.5. T579.5. Saint performs miracles while yet unborn. (Cf. D1713.) Irish myth: Cross.

T579.6. T579.6. Worm swallowed at conception eats hand of babe before birth. (Cf. T511.5.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

T579.7. T579.7. King demands that his pregnant queen be chained to him. India: Thompson-Balys.

T579.8. T579.8. Signs of pregnancy.

T579.8.1. T579.8.1. Transparent body of pregnant woman. Jewish: Neuman.

T579.8.2. T579.8.2. Girl paints face because pregnant. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 154.

T579.8.3. T579.8.3. Girl betrays pregnancy by dropping milk on brother. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 87.

T580. T580. Childbirth. Irish myth: Cross.

T580.1. T580.1. Jewess must entreat Virgin before she can bear her child. Irish myth: Cross.

T581. T581. Place and conditions of childbirth.

T581.1. T581.1. Birth of child in forest. Dickson 168 n. 19; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T581.2. T581.2. Child born of woman abandoned in pit. Indonesian, Polynesian: Dixon 234 n. 43.

T581.2.1. T581.2.1. Child born to an apparently dead mother in her grave. *Bolte “Die Sage von der erweckten Scheintoten” Zs. f. Vksk. XX (1910) 353--81; H. Hauvette “La morte vivante” (Paris, 1933); Krappe “L’enfant de la morte” Lettres Romanes I (1947) 297--310.

T581.2.2. T581.2.2. Blind wives fall into a pool where they give birth to children. India: Thompson-Balys.

T581.2.3. T581.2.3. Children born in dungeon. India: Thompson-Balys.

T581.3. T581.3. Child born in tree. English: Child II 109; Indonesian, Polynesian: Dixon 234 n. 43.

T581.4. T581.4. Child born in stable. English: Child II 85--99 passim, V 221.

T581.5. T581.5. Child born during snowstorm. Irish myth: Cross.

T581.6. T581.6. Noise of battle precipitates birth. Irish myth: Cross.

T581.7. T581.7. Child born on flagstone. Loomis White Magic 20f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

T581.8. T581.8. Woman bears twins at end of footrace (with king‘s horses). Irish myth: *Cross.

T581.9. T581.9. Child born on beach. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 2--5, Boberg.

T581.10. T581.10. Twins born in tent; mother abducted. Icelandic: FSS 246--48, Boberg.

T581.11. T581.11. Boy is born in a wrapping of fine cloth. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1097.

T582. T582. Precautions at childbirth. *Penzer II 166ff.; *McDaniel Conception. Birth and Infancy (Miami, 1948); *H. A. Winkler Salomo und die Karina: eine orientalische Legende von der Bezwingung einer Kindbettdдmonin (Stuttgart, 1931); Irish myth: Cross.

T582.1. T582.1. Avoidance of evil spirits at childbirth. Armenian: Ananikian 88f.

T582.2. T582.2. All locks in house to be shot during childbirth. English: Child II 498.

T582.3. T582.3. Knots to be untied at childbirth. Particularly knots in the woman‘s clothes. Aly Hdwb. d. Abergl. V. 19; cf. Frazer Pausanias V 45f.; English: Child I 85.

T582.4. T582.4. Knife (other sharp instrument) as childbirth precaution. Jewish: Neuman.

T583. T583. Accompaniments of childbirth.

T583.1. T583.1. Couvade. Father goes into confinement at time of childbirth. *Encyc. Religion Ethics II 635b; *Ploss Das Kind I 125; Bouwman Revue Anthropologique XXV 49ff., Lйvy-Bruhl L‘вme primitive 225ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. V 1573; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer I 106. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Latin American: Alexander Lat. Am. 37f.; Melanesia: Codrington 228ff.

T583.1.0.1. T583.1.0.1. Husband goes into seclusion at wife’s pregnancy. India: Thompson-Balys.

T583.1.0.2. T583.1.0.2. Couvade imposed on man during wife‘s menstruation. India: Thompson-Balys.

T583.1.1. T583.1.1. Pains of woman in childbirth repeated in person of the man. English: Child II 109, V 292; U.S.: Baughman.

T583.2. T583.2. Calamities at birth of hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

T583.3. T583.3. King leaves bell with his wife for her to ring so he will know when her child is born. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T584. T584. Parturition. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T584.0.1. T584.0.1. Childbirth assisted by magic. (Cf. D1501.2.) *Kittredge Witchcraft 114, 443f. nn. 85--102; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T584.0.2. T584.0.2. Husband acts as midwife when no woman is available. Boje 125ff.

T584.0.3. T584.0.3. Birth of holy person painless. Loomis White Magic 16, 20; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

T584.0.4. T584.0.4. Childbirth assisted by angel. Irish myth: Cross.

T584.0.5. T584.0.5. While saint‘s mother was giving birth to the child, she grasps a stout rod which roots and becomes a sturdy tree. Loomis White Magic 22f.

T584.0.6. T584.0.6. Childbirth assisted by sacred stone. Irish myth: *Cross.

T584.1. T584.1. Birth through the mother’s side. *Hartland Primitive Paternity I 21; Toldo I 340; English: Child I 83, II 309ff., 373ff.; V 227ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Egyptian: Mьller 390 n. 34; Persian: Carnoy 290, 331; Hindu: Keith 33; Malagasy: Sibree FLJ II 50; Haiti: Alexander Lat. Am. 29; Bakairi: ibid. 312.

T584.2. T584.2. Child removed from body of dead mother. *Schoepperle 280 n. 2; Loomis White Magic 21; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Fox 286; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Oceanic: *Dixon 132 n. 4; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 324 n. 166i; S. A. Indian (Yuracare): Alexander Lat. Am. 314, Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144, (Karib): ibid. 147, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132.

T584.2.1. T584.2.1. Child born of dead mother in grave. Irish myth: Cross.

T584.2.1.1. T584.2.1.1. Twins freed from dead mother’s body as body rots. New Hebrides: Codrington 398.

T584.3. T584.3. Cesarean operation upon a woman at childbirth as a custom. Hatt Asiatic Influences 83f.

T584.4. T584.4. Piglings cut from bodies of sows and reared. Irish myth: *Cross.

T584.5. T584.5. Extraordinarily long labor at childbirth.

T584.5.1. T584.5.1. Prolonged labor: woman has childbirth pains for 100 days but is not delivered. India: Thompson-Balys.

T584.6. T584.6. After-birth (placenta) becomes a demon. India: Thompson-Balys.

T584.7. T584.7. Hero is born by splitting mother‘s womb. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 93f.

T584.8. T584.8. Child helps mother in severing his navel string. Jewish: *Neuman.

T585. T585. Precocious infant. *Toldo I 329; Loomis White Magic 23; Gaster Oldest Stories 69; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 79 (Hercules), 92 (Hermes); India: *Thompson-Balys.

T585.1. T585.1. Child born full (nearly) grown. *Ranke FFC CXIV 156; Persian: Carnoy 287; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 5 No. 2; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 230; S. A. Indian (Aztec): Alexander Lat. Am. 60, (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 318, (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 161, 166, (Karib): ibid. 147; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 126, (Fjort): Dennett 60 No. 12, (Zulu): *Callaway 9; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 352.

T585.1.1. T585.1.1. Child stronger than mother on day of birth. Irish myth: Cross.

T585.2. T585.2. Child speaks at birth. (Cf. T575.1.) *Penzer II 39 n. 2; *Liebrecht 210ff.; Gьnter 242 s.v. “redend”; Cowell Jataka VI 157, 250; Chavannes 500 Contes I 30, 243, 427.--Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 151, II 944, 1247; S. A. Indian (Toba): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 97; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis II 57, IV 278, VII 148, 208, XII 125, (Benga): Nassau 184 No. 24 version 2, (Bahonga): Einstein 247, (Fang): ibid. 57, (Mkulwe): ibid. 18f.

T585.2.1. T585.2.1. Child two months old speaks. Irish myth: Cross.

T585.2.2. T585.2.2. Child speaks prematurely on first birthday. Moreno Esdras.

T585.3. T585.3. Infant born blind immediately drowns self. Irish myth: *Cross.

T585.4. T585.4. Infant saint rebukes mother’s impiety. Loomis White Magic 23; Irish myth: Cross.

T585.5. T585.5. Child born with all his teeth. Irish myth: Cross.

T585.5.1. T585.5.1. Child born with hairy mane. Irish myth: Cross.

T585.6. T585.6. Newborn child kisses dying mother. Icelandic: Boberg.

T585.7. T585.7. Precocious hero leaves cradle to go to war. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

T585.8. T585.8. Child stands (walks) at birth. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 789, II 299.

T585.9. T585.9. Child born circumcised. Jewish: *Neuman.

T586. T586. Multiple births. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 85, 251.

T586.1. T586.1. Many children at a birth. BP I 432; Kцhler-Bolte I 467; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 420; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 200f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 310 n. 116a; S. A. Indian (Chibcha): Alexander Lat. Am. 199.

T586.1.1. T586.1.1. Four children at a birth. Haiti: Alexander Lat. Am. 30.

T586.1.1.1. T586.1.1.1. Six children at a birth. Irish myth: Cross.

T586.1.2. T586.1.2. Seven children at a birth. *Fb “gifte” I 432; *BP I 432; Wesselski Mдrchen 174 No. 64; *Loomis White Magic 87; India: Thompson-Balys.

T586.1.2.1. T586.1.2.1. King and queen have seven sons, all named Maine. Irish myth: *Cross.

T586.1.2.2. T586.1.2.2. King has six (seven) sons, all named Lugaid. Irish myth: *Cross.

T586.1.3. T586.1.3. Nine children at a birth. Ward II 657 No. 9.

T586.1.4. T586.1.4. Five children at a birth for four successive years. All alive. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

T586.1.5. T586.1.5. Forty sons born in one day. India: Thompson-Balys.

T586.2. T586.2. Extraordinary number of children in family.

T586.2.1. T586.2.1. King with fifty sons (daughters). Greek: Fox 20, 30.

T586.2.2. T586.2.2. King with 60,000 sons. Hindu: Keith 115.

T586.3. T586.3. Multiple birth as result of relations with several men. (Cf. T587.1.) Irish myth: Cross; S. A. Indian (Tenetehara): Wagley-Galvao BBAE CXLIII (3) 148, (Kaigua, Tembй, Apapocuvб-guarani): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 136.

T586.3.1. T586.3.1. Woman ravished by three brothers bears triplets. Irish myth: *Cross.

T586.3.2. T586.3.2. Triplets killed by tribe at birth. Africa (Fang): Einstein 56, Trilles 182.

T586.4. T586.4. Extraordinary number of animals at birth.

T586.4.1. T586.4.1. Four calves to one cow at a birth. Irish myth: *Cross.

T586.5. T586.5. Extraordinarily frequent childbirth.

T586.5.1. T586.5.1. Woman bears child every month. India: *Thompson-Balys.

T586.5.2. T586.5.2. Child born each day for seven days. India: Thompson-Balys.

T587. T587. Birth of twins. (Cf. T685.) Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T587.1. T587.1. Birth of twins an indication of unfaithfulness in wife. (Cf. T586.3.) *Harris Cult of the Heavenly Twins 10ff.; Krappe “Tyndare” Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni XV (1939) 23--29; English: Child II 67 n., 511a, Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne), 126 (Lai Le Freine), *Hibbard 295; Greek: Fox 79; India: Thompson-Balys.

T587.2. T587.2. Twins born one with ear of other in mouth. Irish myth: Cross.

T587.2.1. T587.2.1. Immediately after birth of twins one puts the other in his mouth: this twin‘s body becomes made of iron. India: Thompson-Balys.

T587.3. T587.3. Last born twin conceived first. Jewish: Neuman.

T588. T588. Motifs associated with the placenta. India: Thompson-Balys.

T588.1. T588.1. Spirits make child from placenta. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 185.

T589. T589. Childbirth--miscellaneous motifs.

T589.1. T589.1. Co-operative birth. Each of two wives bears a half-boy. They are placed together and form a real boy. Hindu: Keith 156.

T589.2. T589.2. Boy cut in two: each half becomes a boy. N. A. Indian (Shoshonean): Alexander N. Am. 133, (California): Gayton and Newman 92.

T589.3. T589.3. Birth trees. Spring forth as hero is born; act as life tokens, etc. (Cf. T589.7.1.) Type 303; Kцhler-Bolte I 179; Fb “trж” III 865b; *Kittredge Arthur 171 n. 1; Irish myth: Cross.

T589.4. T589.4. Birth with veil brings luck. (Cf. T552.5.1.) Fb. “sejrsskjorte”.

T589.5. T589.5. New-born child reincarnation of recently deceased person. Fb “sjжl” III 214a; N. A. Indian: *Alexander N. Am. 281 n. 20.

T589.6. T589.6. Where children come from. Explanations given to children. Hdwb. d. Abergl. IV 1342ff.; v. Wlislocki Germania N. R. XXII 134ff.

T589.6.1. T589.6.1. Children brought by the stork. *Fb “barn” I 50b.

T589.6.1.1. T589.6.1.1. Newborn boy placed in the lap of bathing queen by vulture. India: Thompson-Balys.

T589.6.2. T589.6.2. Children brought by midwife. *Fb “barn” I 50b.

T589.6.3. T589.6.3. Children said to come from underworld. Kalevala-seuran Vuosikirjaa IV 243.

T589.6.4. T589.6.4. Children said to come from a well. Wuttke Deutsche Aberglaube Register s.v. “Kinderbrunnen”.

T589.6.5. T589.6.5. Children said to come from cauliflower. Hdwb. d. Abergl. IV 1348.

T589.6.6. T589.6.6. Children said to come from stones. Schmidt DF XXXIX 92ff.

T589.7. T589.7. Simultaneous births. Irish myth: Cross.

T589.7.1. T589.7.1. Simultaneous birth of (domestic) animal and child. Type 303; Irish myth: *Cross.

T589.7.2. T589.7.2. Hero born in hour of Christ’s Nativity. Irish myth: *Cross.

T589.8. T589.8. Woman strives to delay birth until auspicious day. Loomis White Magic 20f.; Irish myth: *Cross.

T589.9. T589.9. Child with several mothers. (Heimdal.) Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 153.

T590. T590. Conception and birth--miscellaneous motifs.

T591. T591. Barrenness or impotence induced by magic. *Kittredge Witchcraft 113, 441 n. 78; *Boje 107; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T591.1. T591.1. Magic remedies for barrenness or impotence. (Cf. D1347, D1925, D2161.3.11.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

T591.1.1. T591.1.1. Magic potion as remedy for impotence. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 87 n. 3.

T591.1.2. T591.1.2. Milk of hornless, single-colored cow drunk by man to make wife fruitful. Irish myth: Cross.

T591.2. T591.2. Unlucky for a woman to look on the face of a childless person. India: Thompson-Balys.

T592. T592. Milk suddenly appears in woman’s dry breast. *Cosquin Йtudes 199ff., 238ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

T592.1. T592.1. Milk medicine fills woman’s breasts with milk. India: Thompson-Balys.

T595. T595. Sign hung out informing brothers whether mother has borne boy or girl. *Type 451; BP I 70ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

T596. T596. Naming of children.

T596.1. T596.1. Angel names child. Irish myth: Cross.

T596.2. T596.2. Children named by numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.). Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 521a; Irish myth: Cross.

T597. T597. Ambitions of father transferred to child at moment of conception. Irish myth: Cross.

T600--T699.

T600--T699. Care of children.

T600. T600. Care of children. **Ploss Das Kind; Fellinger Das Kind in der altfranzцsischen Literatur (Gцttingen, 1908); *McDaniel Conception, Birth and Infancy (Miami, 1948); Irish myth: *Cross.

T601. T601. Infant bathed in milk. Irish myth: Cross.

T602. T602. Weapons and horses procured for boy at his birth. Icelandic: Hervarar saga 85, Boberg.

T605. T605. Divine nurse. Greek: Grote I 52.

T610. T610. Nurture and growth of children.

T611. T611. Suckling of children.

T611.1. T611.1. Child nourished by sucking its own fingers. *Cosquin Йtudes 208, 256; Toldo I 341; Babylonian: Spence 54.

T611.1.1. T611.1.1. Child nourished by sucking thumb of a god. Egyptian: Mьller 115; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 166.

T611.2. T611.2. Child miraculously suckled by his father. *BP II 296; Icelandic: Boberg.

T611.3. T611.3. Witch (fairy) suckles child. Hoffman-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 121 n. 4; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3297, Legends No. 528.

T611.4. T611.4. Children magically prevented from suckling. Fb “patte” I 791a.

T611.5. T611.5. Child miraculously suckled by saint. (Cf. V211.1.8.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

T611.5.1. T611.5.1. Saint has two paps--a pap with milk and a pap with honey: with these he suckles two infants. Irish myth: Cross.

T611.5.2. T611.5.2. Saint feeds children by cutting off cow‘s teats and pouring milk into them. Irish myth: *Cross.

T611.5.3. T611.5.3. Children miraculously suckled by angel. Jewish: Neuman.

T611.6. T611.6. Milk magically appears in woman’s breast so as to nourish orphan. (Cf. T592.) Loomis White Magic 22; India: Thompson-Balys.

T611.7. T611.7. Abandoned child saved by seagulls; milk furnished by doe; angel brings bell as drinking utensil. Loomis White Magic 22.

T611.8. T611.8. One woman suckles many babies. Jewish: *Neuman.

T611.9. T611.9. Dead mother‘s breasts furnish sufficient nourishment for her baby during two years. *Loomis White Magic 108.

T611.10. T611.10. Man suckled by dog (wolf): called Mac Con (Son of Dog). Irish myth: *Cross.

T611.10.1. T611.10.1. Girl suckled by wolf has nail “like a wolf’s nail.” Irish myth: Cross.

T611.10.2. T611.10.2. Saint suckled by wolf. Irish myth: *Cross.

T611.11. T611.11. Child nourished by sucking the eyeballs of snake-mother (frog-mother) who left it. Japanese: Ikeda.

T612. T612. Child born of slain mother cares for itself during infancy. Oceanic: Dixon 132, 137; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 319 n. 152.

T614. T614. Diabolical child kills his wet-nurses. (Gowther, Robert the Devil.) *Hibbard 49ff.; *Wells 784.

T615. T615. Supernatural growth. (Cf. T585.) *Kцhler-Bolte I 405, 544; *Child V 482 s.v. “growth”; Fb “pattebarn” II 792; Gaster Oldest Stories 130.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 26, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 95; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 21, 74; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “croissance”; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 175 n. 2, Fox 175; Persian: Carnoy 332; Babylonian: Spence 54; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Ferguson 30, Werner 306, *Coyajee JPASB XXIV 179; Japanese: Mitford 189ff., Ikeda; Philippine: Dixon 234, (Tinguian): Cole 30 n. 3, 53, 102; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 47, Rasmussen I 234, 238, III 153; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 307 n. 112, (California): Gayton and Newman 69; S. A. Indian (Carajб): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 49, (Toba): ibid. 89, 98, 157, (Tupinamba): Mйtraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 132, (Cashinawa): ibid. 684, (Yurakare): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 144, (Karib): ibid. 147, (Uru-Chipaya): ibid. 109; Africa: Werner African 221, (Benga): Nassau 185 No. 24, (Basuto): Jacottet 118 No. 17, 70 No. 11, (Ekoi): Talbot 33, 127, 312, (Zulu): Callaway 8ff., 73, 110, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 147 No. 29, (Boloki): Einstein 112, (Baluba): ibid. 183, (Fang): ibid. 57.

T615.1. T615.1. Precocious speech. (Cf. T585.) DeVries “De Sage van het ingemetselde Kind” Nederlandsche Tijdschrift voor Volkskunde XXXII (1917) 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Finnish: Kalevala runes 31, 50; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 72f.

T615.2. T615.2. Women old from their birth. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 155 n. 4.

T615.3. T615.3. Precocious wisdom. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.

T615.4. T615.4. Precocious boy supports his widowed mother and himself by use of his wits. India: Thompson-Balys.

T615.5. T615.5. Precocious young child demands weapons. (Cf. T617.1.) India: Thompson-Balys.

T617. T617. Boy reared in ignorance of the world. English: Wells 72 (Sir Percyvelle of Galles); Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

T617.1. T617.1. Future hero as child isolated from world kills increasingly larger game with superior weapons. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

T617.2. T617.2. Hero learns his name at time of first adventure. Irish myth: Cross.

T621. T621. Orphan inquires about parents. (Cf. L111.4.1.) N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

T640. T640. Illegitimate children. Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

T640.1. T640.1. Illegitimate child of nun. (Cf. V465.1.2.) Irish myth: *Cross.

T640.2. T640.2. Mother of illegitimate child given as pledge for his crime. Irish myth: Cross.

T642. T642. Test of legitimacy of children: exposure to asps. Asps will bite only foreigners. (Cf. H222.1.) Herbert III 168 No. 16.

T644. T644. Child betrays his own illegitimacy. India: Thompson-Balys.

T645. T645. Paramour leaves token with girl to give their son. *Type 873; *Potter Sohrab and Rustem 6ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 86, 330, 478f.

T645.1. T645.1. Sword left for posthumous son to kill father’s murderer. Krappe Balor 35; Marie de France “Yonec”.

T645.2. T645.2. “Keep it if it is a girl; send it to me if it is a boy.” Hero leaving girl says this of the prospective child. Icelandic: *Boberg.

T645.2.1. T645.2.1. “Kill it if it is a girl.” Indonesia: De Vries‘s list No. 203.

T645.3. T645.3. Father orders the mother to send the expected illegitimate boy to him when he can perform certain feats. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 97 (Theseus).

T645.4. T645.4. Hero leaves bedmate keys to treasure chamber for the son she is supposed to bear. Icelandic: Boberg.

T646. T646. Illegitimate child taunted by playmates. *Type 873; DeVries Edda (1923) 155ff., DeVries Studiлn over Faerцsche balladen 44ff.; Chauvin V 72; Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 52, *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 200; Missouri French: Carriиre; India and China: Cowell Jataka VI 21, Chavannes 500 Contes III 331; Chinese: Graham; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 78 No. 44; Oceanic: Dixon 67f., 82, 113; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 273; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 277 No. 89; West Indies: Flowers 579.

T646.1. T646.1. Child cries because his father is unknown. S. A. Indian (Uru-Chipaya): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 169.

T647. T647. Illegal to care for illegitimate child. Irish myth: Cross.

T670. T670. Adoption of children. *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. “adoption”; Icelandic: Boberg; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: Thompson-Balys.

T671. T671. Adoption by suckling. Ogress who suckles hero claims him as her son. *Cosquin Йtudes 199ff.; *Roberts 177.

T672. T672. Adopted child reproaches his foster mother and is returned to his real mother. India: Thompson-Balys.

T673. T673. Rich but stingy couple adopt young man as their son: everybody is happy. India: Thompson-Balys.

T674. T674. Adopted child deserted when own child is born to couple. India: Thompson-Balys.

T675. T675. Real mother preferred to foster mothers. Kid abandoned by his mother suckles the whole flock but is not satisfied. Chauvin III 56 No. 15.

T675.1. T675.1. Children prefer foster mother. Gaster Thespis 252.

T676. T676. Childless couple adopt animal as substitute for child. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

T676.1. T676.1. Childless woman adopts a serpent (transformed man). (Cf. D191.) Italian: Basile Pentamerone II No. 5.

T677. T677. Substitute for a child. Aged, childless couple carve themselves a child from wood, or make one from snow, clay, and the like. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 701*; Russian: Andrejev No. 703.

T678. T678. Adopted child identical with real child reared with him. *Ranke FFC CXIV 152--4.

T680. T680. Care of children--miscellaneous motifs.

T681. T681. Each likes his own children best. Snipe asks sportsman to spare its small ones, easily recognized as being the prettiest in the forest. To be on the safe side he shoots only the ugliest he can find. They are the young snipes. (Often told of the ape.) *Type 247; Dh II 242ff.; Fb “ugle” III 964a; Wienert FFC LVI 77 (ET 426), 146 (ST 509); Herbert III 39ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

T681.1. T681.1. Animals ridicule foolish pride of owl in the beauty of his son‘s really hideous feet. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

T682. T682. Hero a posthumous son. *Von Sydow Fеvne 40; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T684. T684. Devil substitutes himself for new-born child. Kцhler-Bolte I 148.

T685. T685. Twins. (Cf. T587.) Saintyves “Les Jumeaux, dans l‘ethnographie et la mythologie” Revue anthropologique XXV (1925) 54--9; Icelandic: *Boberg.

T685.1. T685.1. Twin adventurers. *Harris Cult of the Heavenly Twins passim; Dickson 98ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; New Hebrides: Dixon 132; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 320 n. 155, (Quiche): Alexander Lat. Am. 169ff.

T685.2. T685.2. Hostile twins. *Dickson 98ff.; *Krappe Balor 30, 143 n. 33, FL XXXIV 189ff.; Gaster Oldest Stories 168.

T685.3. T685.3. Twins who look exactly alike. India: Thompson-Balys.

T685.4. T685.4. Twins: as twins are reared one born earlier becomes continually weaker, the other stronger. India: Thompson-Balys.

T686. T686. Quadruplet heroes. Haiti: Alexander Lat. Am. 30.

T687. T687. Triplets (as heroes). Icelandic: *Boberg.

T688. T688. Children sleep in village dormitory. India: Thompson-Balys.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Nature of Life

U. THE NATURE OF LIFE

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

U0--U99. Life‘s inequalities

U0. Life’s inequalities

U10. Justice and injustice

U30. Rights of the strong

U60. Wealth and poverty

U100--U299. Nature of life--miscellaneous motifs

U110. Appearances deceive

U120. Nature will show itself

U130. The power of habit

U140. One man‘s food is another man’s poison

U150. Indifference of the miserable

U160. Misfortune with oneself to blame the hardest

U170. Behavior of the blind

U180. In vino veritas

U210. Bad ruler, bad subject

U220. Forced peace valueless

U230. The nature of sin

U240. Power of mind over body

U250. Shortness of life

U260. Passage of time

U270. Security breeds indifference

U.

U. THE NATURE OF LIFE

U. U. The nature of life.

U0--U99.

U0--U99. Life‘s inequalities.

U0. U0. Life’s inequalities.

U10. U10. Justice and injustice.

U11. U11. Small trespasses punished; large crimes condoned.

U11.1. U11.1. Ass punished for stealing mouthful of grass; lion and wolf forgiven for eating sheep. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 71 No. 61.

U11.1.1. U11.1.1. Animals confess sins to one another: fox and wolf forgive each other; punish ass. (Cf. V20.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 350.

U11.1.1.1. U11.1.1.1. Animals confess sins to lion holding court. All the powerful animals forgiven. Ass and lamb are punished. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U11.1.1.2. U11.1.1.2. Penitent in confession worries about little sins and belittles the big ones. *Wesselski Arlotto I 191 No. 17; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U11.2. U11.2. He who steals much called king; he who steals little called robber. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 351; Scala Celi 20a No. 120; Alphabet No. 334; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U11.2.1. U11.2.1. Wolf punished for theft; kings honored. Wesselski Bebel II 126 No. 82.

U12. U12. Largest burdens laid on smallest asses: best offices to most ignorant men. *Wesselski Bebel II 121 No. 64.

U14. U14. Unworthy rewarded instead of the worthy. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

U15. U15. Fool laughs at the absurdities he sees about him. (1) Sees a man who is to die that day buy shoes. (2) Sees sheriff leading a man to the gallows: a big thief leading a little one. (3) Sees farmer weeping at funeral of his child, while priest (the real father) sings. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 193 No. 153.

U15.0.1. U15.0.1. Dwarf king (fairy) laughs at the absurdities he sees about him. (1) Sees man who is to die that day complain that his shoes are too thin. (Cf. J2174.) (2) Sees women adorn their heads when they are immoral below. (Cf. J2050.) (3) Sees man remove from his wife’s garment dust gathered while she lay with another man. (Cf. J2301.3.) (4) Sees persons making plans while forgetting to say, “If God wills.” Irish myth: *Cross.

U15.1. U15.1. Philosopher laughs at the vanities and sins of the world. His companion weeps. Spanish: Childers.

U18. U18. The fathers have eaten sour grapes and the children‘s teeth are set on edge. Jewish: Neuman.

U21. U21. Justice depends on the point of view.

U21.1. U21.1. Hen complains that man eats her, but she eats ant. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 101.

U21.2. U21.2. A gift of property silences criticism. A priest who has preached against lucrative places given the clergy is silent when he receives one. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 546.

U21.3. U21.3. Man complains of injustice of gods‘ wrecking ship because of one man’s sin. He then kills whole swarm of ants because one has stung him. Wienert FFC LVI 77 (ET 429), 103 (ST 161); Halm No. 118; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 11, Beal XXI 305.

U21.4. U21.4. Wolf objects to lion stealing sheep from him although he has himself stolen it. Wienert FFC LVI 55 (ET 148), 129 (ST 366); Halm No. 279.

U21.5. U21.5. Judge reduces penalty when accused is his own son. India: Thompson-Balys.

U25. U25. Theft to avoid starvation forgiven. *Chauvin II 126 No. 128.

U27. U27. Swallow killed in court house by snake laments injustice in house of justice. Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 100), 140 (ST 464); Halm No. 418.

U30. U30. Rights of the strong. Wienert FFC LVI 147.

U31. U31. Wolf unjustly accuses lamb and eats him. When all the lamb’s defenses are good the wolf asserts the right of the strong over the weak. (Usually accused of stirring up water from lower in stream.) (Cf. U141.) Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 97), 148 (ST 526); Halm Aesop No. 274; *Crane Vitry 191 No. 135; Herbert III 12; Alphabet No. 631; Jacobs Aesop 199 No. 2; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 83 (monkey and goat).

U31.1. U31.1. Cat unjustly accuses cock and eats him. Although all the cock’s defenses are good the cat tells him that she can no longer go hungry and eats him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U31.2. U31.2. Crow exercises rights of strong over dove who cannot defend self. Dove at crow‘s request sings to save her brood which crow kills after song. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U32. U32. Smallness of offense no excuse when hunter prepares to kill lark. She has stolen but a single grain of wheat. Wienert FFC LVI 64 (ET 273), 146 (ST 513); Halm Aesop No. 209.

U33. U33. Cock killed by his captors in spite of his plea of usefulness to man. Wienert FFC LVI 49, 64 (ET 88, 280, 281), 146, 148 (ST 514, 527, 528); Halm Aesop Nos. 14, 195, 341.

U34. U34. Nobleman murders one of the people. Goes unpunished. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U34.1. U34.1. Nobleman who kills one of the people is brought to justice only after long delay. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U35. U35. Rich man (king) seizes poor widow’s (nun‘s) cow. Herbert III 40ff. No. 39; Hervieux IV No. 40; Irish myth: *Cross.

U35.1. U35.1. King seizes old woman’s cow. Irish myth: *Cross.

U35.1.1. U35.1.1. King seizes poor man‘s lamb. Jewish: Neuman.

U35.2. U35.2. Nobles ruin peasant’s (widow‘s) crops with impunity. India: *Thompson-Balys.

U36. U36. Lion cub killed by bull gives lioness no right to complain. Wienert FFC LVI 50 (ET 92), 129 (ST 367); Halm Aesop No. 395.

U37. U37. Wolf as commander orders all booty divided, but keeps his own. Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 58), 103 (ST 157); Halm Aesop No. 281.

U38. U38. Ruler exiles subject for trivial remark. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U41. U41. Ruler forces bishop to ordain ignorant priest. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U42. U42. Praise what your master likes and scorn what he dislikes. India: Thompson-Balys.

U60. U60. Wealth and poverty.

U61. U61. Dividing after God‘s fashion: little to poor, much to rich. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 233 No. 509, Bebel I 232 No. 149, Mensa Philosophica No. 63.

U63. U63. Priest has no friends until he becomes bishop: then they flock to him. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 421.

U65. U65. Wealth is relative: beggar with horse, wife, or dog considered rich by poorer beggar. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 612.

U65.1. U65.1. Grass serves as pleasant couch for poor. Jewish: Neuman.

U66. U66. Every man has his price.

U66.1. U66.1. Every woman has her price.

U66.1.1. U66.1.1. Bid raised for queen’s favors until she hesitates. Jester replies, “If a man have goods enough, he might have a sovereign lady.” England, U.S.: *Baughman.

U67. U67. Jester takes cow and tells king people have plenty of milk, for “he who is warm thinks everyone else is.” India: Thompson-Balys.

U68. U68. Optimist becomes pessimist when his money is stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.

U71. U71. Man so constantly enriched by God that he cannot give all his goods to the poor. Herbert III 7; Crane Vitry 175 No. 97.

U81. U81. Great possessions bring great risks. Jewish: Neuman.

U81.1. U81.1. Dove‘s pride in her large brood linked with fear for their loss. Wienert FFC LVI 44 (ET 21), 141 (ST 470); Halm Aesop No. 358.

U83. U83. King in exile neglected, but courted when he regains throne. India: Thompson-Balys.

U84. U84. Price of object depends on where it is on sale. India: Thompson-Balys.

U100-U299.

U100-U299. The nature of life--miscellaneous motifs.

U110. U110. Appearances deceive. Wienert FFC LVI 123.

U111. U111. Many books do not make a scholar. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 608.

U111.1. U111.1. Many books do not make a scholar: youth tricks mother by carrying many books. Pierre Fai-feu No. 3.

U112. U112. Beard on she-goats do not make a male. Wienert FFC LVI 77 (ET 431), 124 (ST 332).

U113. U113. Big voice: little creature. (Frogs, crickets.) Wienert FFC LVI 61, *66 (ET 232, 304), 123 (ST 321, 322); Halm Aesop Nos. 172, 248.

U114. U114. Mountain in labor brings forth a mouse. Wienert FFC LVI *44 (ET 24), *101 (ST 141); Jacobs Aesop 203 No. 14; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U115. U115. The skeleton in the closet. An apparently happy man lets another see the actual misery of his existence. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 223.

U115.1. U115.1. Apparently happy woman discloses the skeleton of her slain paramour. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

U116. U116. Hypocrite is acclaimed as saint after his death. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

U117. U117. Man rejects bride because she seems immature. Her father reassures him that she has had several children already. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U119. U119. Other ways in which appearances deceive. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U119.1. U119.1. Revelations of a satyr. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U119.1.1. U119.1.1. At a funeral of a child a satyr reveals that the real father (officiating priest) sings while the cuckold weeps. (Cf. U15.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U119.1.2. U119.1.2. At a hanging the witnesses are bigger thieves than the culprit. (Cf. U10.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U119.2. U119.2. Peasant wishes to exchange places with monks. Thinks they lead a very easy life. One night‘s experience in the monastery makes him change his mind. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

U119.3. U119.3. Handsome exterior does not indicate beautiful soul. Angel holds nose when handsome sinner passes. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U119.4. U119.4. An ugly face does not mean an ugly soul. A noble and holy man who is very ugly is proved to be a saintly soul. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U119.5. U119.5. Stories to show that one’s name does not alter his condition. India: Thompson-Balys.

U120. U120. Nature will show itself.

U121. U121. Like parent, like child.

U121.1. U121.1. Crab walks backward: learned from his parents. *Crane Vitry 152 No. 44; Wienert FFC LVI *63 (ET 258), *103 (ST 159); Halm Aesop No. 187.

U121.2. U121.2. Hind, like his mother, flees before the hounds. Useless for her to urge him to stand up against them. Wienert FFC LVI *63 (ET 256), 103 (ST 158, 501); Halm Aesop No. 130.

U121.3. U121.3. Farmer‘s son and noble’s reared in country. The former takes to toil on farm, the latter to riding and hunting. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U121.4. U121.4. Alleged son of king proved to be bastard when he displays habits of his true father. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U121.5. U121.5. Father, like son, acts foolishly at king‘s court. India: Thompson-Balys.

U121.6. U121.6. Butcher’s son becomes cruel and atrocious ruler. India: Thompson-Balys.

U122. U122. Dungbeetle prefers his dunghill to all other smells. Wienert FFC LVI 60 (ET 217), 119 (ST 292); Halm Aesop No. 185; Herbert III 35ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

U122.1. U122.1. Beetles treated with as much honor as oxen will not learn to act as oxen. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U123. U123. Hog goes to bath but wallows in the mud. Chauvin III 39 No. 2.

U124. U124. Scorpion, in spite of himself, stings the turtle carrying him across the stream. Is drowned. *Chauvin II 117 No. 95.

U125. U125. Wolf loses interest in the sermon when he sees a flock of sheep. A dervish preaches to him. Chauvin II 125 No. 123; Scala Celi 50b No. 285; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U125.1. U125.1. Heron (crane) loses interest in heaven if there are no snails. India: *Thompson-Balys.

U126. U126. Dog allowed to warm self in house begins to bark. Is chased off. Chauvin III 39 No. 1.

U127. U127. Fawn, in spite of his fine horns, runs from the dog. Wienert FFC LVI 63 (ET 257), 89 (ST 12): Halm Aesop No. 303.

U128. U128. Tiger son of human mother scratches her and licks her blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

U128.1. U128.1. Tiger father of human child licks its blood. India: Thompson-Balys.

U129. U129. Nature will show itself--miscellaneous.

U129.1. U129.1. Thieving nature of the fox will show itself. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 29.

U129.2. U129.2. Prostitute will deceive new lover as always. India: Thompson-Balys.

U129.3. U129.3. Washerman as minister thinks of washing and fails the king. India: Thompson-Balys.

U130. U130. The power of habit. Wienert FFC LVI 111.

U130.1. U130.1. Newly rich cannot resist call for distribution of food to beggars. India: Thompson-Balys.

U131. U131. Familiarity takes away fear.

U131.1. U131.1. Fox finally converses with lion whom he had feared at first. Wienert FFC LVI 60 (ET 224), 111 (ST 224); Halm Aesop No. 39; Jacobs Aesop 208 No. 34.

U131.2. U131.2. Men at first frightened at camel take him into their service. Wienert FFC LVI 66 (ET 306), 111 (ST 224); Halm Aesop No. 180.

U133. U133. Man soon learns to stand the smells of the tannery. Wienert FFC LVI 81 (ET 474), 111 (ST 226); Halm Aesop No. 368; India: Thompson-Balys.

U133.1. U133.1. Farmer prefers stable smells to flowers. Latter make him ill. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 13 No. 8; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U134. U134. Knight doesn’t want to go to heaven if there are no hunting dogs there. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U135. U135. Longing for accustomed food and living.

U135.1. U135.1. At feast cat chooses rat meat; other animals cannot eat it. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U135.2. U135.2. Shepherd in king‘s palace sickens for country air. India: Thompson-Balys.

U135.3. U135.3. Former slave sickens for accustomed food. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

U135.3.1. U135.3.1. Peasant girl married to king longs for peasant ways of eating. India: Thompson-Balys.

U135.3.2. U135.3.2. Peasants fed white bread demand the rye bread to which they are accustomed. Pauli (ed. Bolte). No. 570.

U136. U136. Fisher and hunter exchange catches for variety: soon return to original food. Wienert FFC LVI 81 (ET 475), 111 (ST 227); Japanese: Ikeda.

U136.1. U136.1. Dissatisfied workmen exchange work: still more dissatisfied. Bшdker Exempler 276 No. 14; India: Thompson-Balys.

U136.2. U136.2. Beasts and fishes exchange places: fatal to both. India: Thompson-Balys.

U137. U137. Mill horse when taken to war keeps going in a circle, as he has learned in the mill. *Liebrecht 110f.

U138. U138. Habit of dishonesty (thievery) cannot be broken.

U138.1. U138.1. Dishonest silversmith restless until silver ornament is mixed with alloy. India: Thompson-Balys.

U138.2. U138.2. Thieves cannot quit plundering. India: Thompson-Balys.

U139. U139. Power of habit--miscellaneous.

U139.1. U139.1. Habitual food and drink continued even when it is harmful. Bшdker Exempler.

U139.2. U139.2. Conservatism defies reason.

U139.2.1. U139.2.1. Conservative but absurd way of slaughtering hog stubbornly kept. India: Thompson-Balys.

U140. U140. One man‘s food is another man’s poison. Wienert FFC LVI 121.

U141. U141. Enmity between fisherman and dweller on the river. Fishing stirs up the water and makes it unfit for drinking. (Cf. U31.) Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 512), 121 (ST 303); Halm Aesop No. 25.

U142. U142. Ox likes loving strokes of man; flea fears them. Wienert FFC LVI 60 (ET 223), 121 (ST 307); Halm Aesop No. 426.

U143. U143. Collier and fuller cannot live together: one makes things clean, the other soils them. Wienert FFC LVI 85 (ET 513), 121 (ST 305); Halm Aesop No. 59.

U144. U144. Nightingale cannot lodge with birds whose nest is made of manure. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U146. U146. Royalty unable to endure coarse entertainment.

U146.1. U146.1. Coarse food, etc., sends adulterous king back to his wife. India: Thompson-Balys.

U147. U147. Animals try unsuccessfully to exchange food. India: *Thompson-Balys.

U148. U148. Good weather for one is foul for another. Cf. Heywood’s Play of the Weather.

U148.1. U148.1. Bird wants sunshine, worm clouds. India: Thompson-Balys.

U149. U149. What is one man‘s food is another man’s poison--miscellaneous.

U149.1. U149.1. Lions despise what asses admire (braying). India: Thompson-Balys.

U150. U150. Indifference of the miserable.

U151. U151. Ass indifferent to enemy‘s approach: he could be no more miserable than now. Wienert FFC LVI 71 (ET 352), 144 (ST 498).

U160. U160. Misfortune with oneself to blame the hardest. Wienert FFC LVI 117.

U161. U161. Eagle killed with arrow made with his own feather. Wienert FFC LVI *64 (ET 277), 117 (ST 273); Halm Aesop No. 4; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U162. U162. Tree cut down with axe for which it has furnished a handle. Wienert FFC LXI *74 (ET 388), 117 (ST 274); Halm Aesop No. 123; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

U170. U170. Behavior of the blind.

U171. U171. Blind man crosses a narrow bridge which his guide is afraid to attempt. Alphabet No. 140.

U172. U172. Two blind men succeed in fooling each other about their blindness. India: Thompson-Balys.

U173. U173. Futile attempt to explain to a blind man meaning of “white”. India: Thompson-Balys.

U180. U180. In vino veritas. Jewish: *Neuman.

U181. U181. Man unable to persuade wife to confess misdeed to priest succeeds when he makes her drunk. (Cf. J1141.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 242.

U210. U210. Bad ruler, bad subject.

U211. U211. No great knights now because no great kings. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 531.

U212. U212. To have good servants a lord must be good. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 532.

U220. U220. Forced peace valueless.

U221. U221. Monk under pressure from abbot forgives the crucifix which has fallen and hurt him. He says that nevertheless there will always be hatred between them. *Wesselski Arlotto II 222 No. 90; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 336.

U230. U230. The nature of sin.

U230.0.1. U230.0.1. Monk leaves monastery when he sees a devil there tempting brethren. Returns when in the world he sees scores of devils tempting the people. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U231. U231. Hermit having rebuked youth falls himself when exposed to the same sin. Herbert III 5; *Crane Vitry 169 No. 81.

U231.1. U231.1. Monk rebukes brethren who succumb to temptation. When he is exposed to it he understands what temptation is. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U232. U232. No place secret enough for sin. Alphabet No. 3; Wienert FFC LVI 80 (ET 458), 138 (ST 441); Halm No. 354.

U235. U235. Lying is incurable. A father asks about his son. When he hears that he lies, he gives the son up as hopeless. Other sins may be outgrown. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 393; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U235.1. U235.1. Liar cannot be healed even when taking bath in the Ganges. India: Thompson-Balys.

U236. U236. False repentance of the sick. Wolf having eaten too much meat promises God to eat no more meat. When he becomes well he eats as before. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 307.

U236.1. U236.1. False repentance of the sick, rich man. After his death it was discovered that he had intended to retrieve his money from church if he recovered. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

U240. U240. Power of mind over body.

U241. U241. King grows lean from fear of death. *Chauvin VIII 181 No. 213.

U242. U242. Hares fearing death outrun pursuing dogs. Wienert FFC LVI 51 (ET 103), 142 (ST 476); Japanese: Ikeda.

U242.1. U242.1. The hare’s last will. Surrounded by hunters and hounds, the hare considers to whom each of his members will be allotted. Succeeds in escaping. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 160*; Prussian: Plenzat 8.

U243. U243. Courage conquers all and impossible is made possible. India: Thompson-Balys.

U250. U250. Shortness of life. Jewish: *Neuman.

U251. U251. The bad custom in the world: the young die as well as the old. Hence youth enters monastery. *Crane Vitry 184 No. 116; Alphabet No. 212; *Mensa Philosophica No. 181.

U260. U260. Passage of time.

U261. U261. Time seems short to those who play, long for those who wait. So says servant girl whose mistress upbraids her for late hours. Wesselski Bebel I 185 No. 39.

U262. U262. Suffering healed by time. Jewish: *Neuman.

U270. U270. Security breeds indifference.

U271. U271. Cat ceases catching rats as soon as he is given a home in a monastery. Thus with lazy priests. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 573.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Religion

V. RELIGION

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

V0--V99. Religious services

V0. Religious services

V10. Religious sacrifices

V20. Confession of sins

V30. Sacrament

V40. Mass

V50. Prayer

V60. Funeral rites

V70. Religious feasts and fasts

V80. Religious services--miscellaneous

V100--V199. Religious edifices and objects

V100. Religious edifices and objects

V110. Religious buildings

V120. Images

V130. Other sacred objects connected with worship

V140. Sacred relics

V150. Sacred objects--miscellaneous

V200--V299. Sacred persons

V200. Sacred persons

V210. Religious founders

V220. Saints

V230. Angels

V250. The Virgin Mary

V290. Other sacred persons

V300--V399. Religious beliefs

V300. Religious beliefs

V310. Particular dogmas

V320. Heretics

V330. Conversion from one religion to another

V340. Miracle manifested to non-believers

V350. Conflicts between religions

V360. Christian and Jewish traditions about each other

V380. Religious beliefs--miscellaneous

V400--V449. Religious virtues.

V400. Charity

V410. Charity rewarded

V420. Reward of the uncharitable

V430. Charity--miscellaneous motifs

V440. Other religious virtues

V450--V499. Other religious orders

V450. Religious orders

V460. Clerical virtues and vices

V470. Clerical vows

V500--V599. Religious motifs--miscellaneous

V510. Religious visions

V520. Salvation

V530. Pilgrimages

V540. Intervention of Providence saves person‘s life

V.

V. RELIGION

V. V. Religion.

V0--V99.

V0--V99. Religious services.

V0. V0. Religious services. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Norwegian: Solheim 22; Jewish: *Neuman.

V1. V1. Objects of worship. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 649b; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 214, *Boberg.

V1.1. V1.1. Worship of particular gods and goddesses.

V1.1.1. V1.1.1. Worship of one god. Jewish: Neuman.

V1.2. V1.2. Worship of spirits.

V1.2.1. V1.2.1. Worship of fairies. Irish myth: Cross (V1.16, V1.16.1); Icelandic: *Boberg.

V1.2.2. V1.2.2. Worship of devil. Irish myth: Cross (V1.15, V1.15.1).

V1.2.3. V1.2.3. Worship of “disar”. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V1.2.4. V1.2.4. Worship of angels. Jewish: *Neuman.

V1.3. V1.3. Worship of ancestors. Encyc. Rel. Ethics I 425--67; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 411 s.v. “Ahnenfiguren”; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 160; Society Islands: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 561; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/619); Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 233, (Fang): Trilles 140.

V1.4. V1.4. Worship of heavenly bodies. Jewish: Neuman.

V1.4.1. V1.4.1. Worship of the sky. (Cf. A210.)

V1.4.2. V1.4.2. Worship of the sun. (Cf. A220.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 12.

V1.4.3. V1.4.3. Worship of moon. (Cf. A240.) Jewish: Neuman.

V1.4.4. V1.4.4. Worship of stars. (Cf. A250.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

V1.5. V1.5. Worship of manifestations in nature.

V1.5.1. V1.5.1. Worship of clouds. (Cf. A283.)

V1.5.2. V1.5.2. Worship of thunder. (Cf. A284.)

V1.5.3. V1.5.3. Worship of wind. (Cf. A282.)

V1.5.4. V1.5.4. Worship of storm. (Cf. A281.)

V1.5.5. V1.5.5. Worship of dawn. (Cf. A270.)

V1.5.6. V1.5.6. Worship of light. (Cf. A260.)

V1.5.6.1. V1.5.6.1. Worship of rainbow. (Cf. A288.)

V1.5.7. V1.5.7. Worship of frost. (Cf. A289.1.)

V1.6. V1.6. Worship of elements of nature.

V1.6.1. V1.6.1. Worship of earth. (Cf. A400.) India: Thompson-Balys.

V1.6.1.1. V1.6.1.1. Worship of mountains and hills. (Cf. A495.) Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn III (1895) 65ff., (1931) 47ff.

V1.6.2. V1.6.2. Worship of water. (Cf. A420.)

V1.6.2.0.1. V1.6.2.0.1. Worship of water-goddess. India: Thompson-Balys.

V1.6.2.1. V1.6.2.1. Sacred rivers and lakes. (Cf. A425.)

V1.6.2.2. V1.6.2.2. Worship of sea. (Cf. A421.) Irish myth: Cross.

V1.6.3. V1.6.3. Worship of fire. (Cf. A493.) Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 202c; Penzer III 160; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V1.6.3.1. V1.6.3.1. Sacred fire. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 202b; Penzer I 260, II 247--55; Irish myth: *Cross.

V1.6.3.1.1. V1.6.3.1.1. (Sacrificial) fire from which all others must be lighted. Irish myth: *Cross.

V1.6.4. V1.6.4. Worship of minerals and metals. (Cf. A492.)

V1.6.4.1. V1.6.4.1. Sacred stones. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Corpus Poeticum Boreale I 322, Boberg, Schmidt DF XXXIX 86ff.; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 88ff.; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 382.

V1.6.4.2. V1.6.4.2. Sacred shells. Tonga: Gifford 52; Tahiti: Henry 391.

V1.7. V1.7. Worship of trees and plants. (Cf. A430, C51.2.2.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 611b; *Penzer II 96 n. 1, VII 162 n. 1; Schmidt Brandtrжr og Ulykkestrжr Danske Studier (1928) 54ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 214; S. A. Indian (Antilles): Alexander Lat. Am. 25f.

V1.7.1. V1.7.1. Sacred tree. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 611a; *Fb “trж” III 866a; Wimberly 156; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

V1.7.1.1. V1.7.1.1. Sacred oak. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

V1.7.1.2. V1.7.1.2. Sacred ash. Irish myth: *Cross.

V1.7.1.3. V1.7.1.3. Sacred yew. Irish myth: *Cross.

V1.7.1.4. V1.7.1.4. Sacred bo-tree. India: Thompson-Balys.

V1.8. V1.8. Worship of animals. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 28a; Jewish: *Neuman.

V1.8.1. V1.8.1. Cow worship. Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 142bc; **Burnell FL LVIII 377ff.; *Penzer II 240; Icelandic: Boberg.

V1.8.1.1. V1.8.1.1. Bull worship. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V1.8.2. V1.8.2. Horse worship. Penzer II 57; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 216, *Boberg.

V1.8.3. V1.8.3. Dog worship. Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 167b; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 422.

V1.8.4. V1.8.4. Swine worship. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 109, *Boberg.

V1.8.5. V1.8.5. Wolf worship. Icelandic: Boberg.

V1.8.6. V1.8.6. Serpent worship. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 539a; *Penzer III 142; Jewish: *Neuman.

V1.8.7. V1.8.7. Bird worship. (Cf. A132.6.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 313f.

V1.8.8. V1.8.8. Dragon worship. Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 103f.

V1.8.9. V1.8.9. Lion worship. Jewish: Neuman.

V1.8.10. V1.8.10. Ass worship. Jewish: Neuman.

V1.8.11. V1.8.11. Fish worship. Marquesas: Handy 104; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 129.

V1.9. V1.9. Worship of tools and implements.

V1.9.1. V1.9.1. Plow worship. (Cf. A432.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V1.9.2. V1.9.2. Worship of weapons. Irish myth: *Cross.

V1.9.3. V1.9.3. Worship of hammer (axe). Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 147.

V1.10. V1.10. Worship of fetish. (Cf. D1274.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 200a; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 96.

V1.10.1. V1.10.1. Man worships a cake which from time to time he eats. *Chauvin V 24 No. 13 n. 1.

V1.10.2. V1.10.2. Cult of heads. Irish myth: Cross.

V1.10.3. V1.10.3. Sacred feather. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 289.

V1.11. V1.11. Worship of idols. (Cf. Q558.12, V11.10.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V1.11.1. V1.11.1. Worship of golden calf. Jewish: Neuman.

V1.11.2. V1.11.2. Worship of stone idols. Jewish: Neuman.

V1.11.3. V1.11.3. Worship of wooden idol. Icelandic: *Boberg; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 16.

V4. V4. Value of religious exercises.

V4.1. V4.1. Religious exercises weighed in balance. A son doubts whether the words spoken by the priests to whom his father has willed a sum of money is worth so much. The words are put on paper and are found to outweigh the money. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 465; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 65, 113, Beal XXI 325, 335.

V5. V5. Negligence in religious exercise. (Cf. Q223.)

V5.1. V5.1. Virgin Mary reproves a monk who sleeps at altar. Alphabet No. 284.

V5.2. V5.2. Negligent priests buried under bags filled with words omitted from service. *Crane Vitry 141 No. 19.

V5.3. V5.3. Devils cause monk to perspire and stay away from church service. Pauli (ed. Bolte). No. 260.

V10. V10. Religious sacrifices. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 511b; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX Nachtrдge 19--54, 496--547; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 329; Jewish: *Neuman.

V10.1. V10.1. Goddess prevents suicide of man despairing of ability to make sacrifice. India: Thompson-Balys.

V10.2. V10.2. God dislikes offerings beyond one’s ability. India: Thompson-Balys.

V11. V11. Power to which sacrifice is made.

V11.1. V11.1. Sacrifice to tree. (Cf. V1.1.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 611a; Fb “trж” III 866a.

V11.2. V11.2. Sacrifice to sea. *Penzer II 72 n. 1, VII 146 n. 1; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

V11.2.1. V11.2.1. Sacrifice to river. India: Thompson-Balys.

V11.3. V11.3. Sacrifice to stone. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 570; *Fb “sten” III 553a; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 225, *Boberg; Danish: Schmidt DF XXXIX 90ff.

V11.4. V11.4. Sacrifices to Confucius. Encyc. Rel. Ethics IV 13f.; Chinese: Werner 102.

V11.5. V11.5. Sacrifice to wind. Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 645b; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 29; Greek: Euripides Iphigenia at Aulis.

V11.6. V11.6. Sacrifice to the dead. (Cf. A108.1.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 512b; Irish myth: *Cross.

V11.6.1. V11.6.1. Human sacrifice in connection with funeral. (Cf. S260.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V11.6.2. V11.6.2. Animal sacrifice in connection with funeral. Irish myth: *Cross.

V11.7. V11.7. Sacrifice to animal. Jewish: Neuman.

V11.7.1. V11.7.1. Sacrifice to serpent. India: Thompson-Balys.

V11.8. V11.8. Sacrifice to saint. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 89.

V11.9. V11.9. Sacrifice to deity. Jewish: Neuman.

V11.9.1. V11.9.1. Sacrifice to unknown god. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 70.

V11.10. V11.10. Sacrifice to idols. (Cf. V1.11.) Jewish: *Neuman.

V12. V12. Nature of sacrifice.

V12.1. V12.1. Blood as sacrifice. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 90.

V12.2. V12.2. Jewels as sacrifice to sea. (Cf. V11.2.) *Penzer II 72 n. 1.

V12.3. V12.3. Skulls as sacrifice to a god. India: Thompson-Balys.

V12.4. V12.4. Animals as sacrifice. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

V12.4.0.1. V12.4.0.1. Sacrifice of animals at the edification of a temple. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (V17.8).

V12.4.1. V12.4.1. Dog as sacrifice. Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 218 No. 167.

V12.4.2. V12.4.2. Cat as sacrifice. Irish myth: *Cross.

V12.4.3. V12.4.3. Pig as sacrifice. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 218 No. 167.

V12.4.3.1. V12.4.3.1. Hog as sacrifice. Icelandic: Boberg; Greek: Homer Odyssey XIV 435; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 123.

V12.4.4. V12.4.4. Ox (bull) as sacrifice. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg: Greek: Homer passim; Jewish: Neuman.

V12.4.4.1. V12.4.4.1. Cow as sacrifice. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

V12.4.4.1.1. V12.4.4.1.1. Heifer as sacrifice. Greek: Homer passim.

V12.4.4.2. V12.4.4.2. Calf as sacrifice. Jewish: *Neuman.

V12.4.5. V12.4.5. Goat as sacrifice. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

V12.4.6. V12.4.6. Sheep (ram) as sacrifice. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Jewish: Neuman.

V12.4.7. V12.4.7. Hare as sacrifice. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

V12.4.8. V12.4.8. Ass as sacrifice. *Krappe Classical Philology XLII (1947) 223--34; Jewish: *Neuman.

V12.4.9. V12.4.9. Horse as sacrifice. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 262b; *Howey 185ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V12.4.10. V12.4.10. Fish as sacrifice. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 19, 420; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 241.

V12.4.11. V12.4.11. Bird as sacrifice. Jewish: *Neuman.

V12.5. V12.5. Gold as sacrifice to false wooden god. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V12.6. V12.6. Thrall as sacrifice. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V12.7. V12.7. Eyes (human or animal) as sacrifice. Marquesas: Handy 134; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 130, 497.

V12.8. V12.8. Flowers as sacrifice. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 16.

V12.9. V12.9. Libations. Drink poured out to the gods. Greek: Homer passim; Chinese: Graham.

V12.10. V12.10. Incense as sacrifice. Jewish: *Neuman.

V13. V13. Sacrifice made when treasure is found. Fb “skat” III 235b.

V14. V14. Sacrifice must be without blemish. Greek: Homer passim; Jewish: Neuman.

V15. V15. Sacrifice: olive branch laid on altar of Mercy. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 375 n. 2.

V16. V16. Sacrifice at religious festivals. Jewish: Neuman.

V16.1. V16.1. Sacrifices at Passover. Jewish: Moreno Esdras, *Neuman.

V17. V17. Purpose of sacrifice.

V17.0.1. V17.0.1. Sacrifice to deity in order to obtain favors. India: Thompson-Balys.

V17.1. V17.1. Sacrifice for a good year, crops. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V17.2. V17.2. Sacrifice after committing a sin. Jewish: Neuman.

V17.3. V17.3. Sacrifice to get help in danger. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V17.4. V17.4. Sacrifice for good weather. (Cf. V17.1.) Icelandic: Цrvar-Odds saga 38f.

V17.4.1. V17.4.1. Sacrifice to get snow and good conditions for skiing. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 21f., Boberg.

V17.5. V17.5. Sacrifice to get knowledge.

V17.5.1. V17.5.1. Sacrifice to find out where abducted daughter is. Icelandic: Flateyjarbуk I 219, Boberg.

V17.6. V17.6. Sacrifice in order that king may live 300 years. (Cf. F571.7.) Icelandic: Boberg.

V17.7. V17.7. Sacrifice to deity for return of abducted persons. India: Thompson-Balys.

V17.8. V17.8. Sacrifice at edification of temple. (Cf. V12.4.0.1.) Jewish: Neuman.

V17.9. V17.9. Sacrifice by women at childbirth. Jewish: Neuman.

V18. V18. Ceremony of sacrifice. Jewish: *Neuman.

V19. V19. Religious sacrifices--miscellaneous.

V19.1. V19.1. Rising smoke as sign of acceptance of sacrifice. Jewish: *Neuman.

V20. V20. Confession of sins. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 133b; *De Vooys Middelnederlandse Legenden en Exempelen (Den Haag, 1926) 241ff.; *R. Pettazzoni La confessione dei peccati (Bologna, 1929); Jewish: *Neuman; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 143.

V20.1. V20.1. Protection of sinners by confession. *Crane Vitry 245 No. 261, 246f. No. 263; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V20.1.1. V20.1.1. A man without a confessor is a body without a head. Irish myth: *Cross.

V20.1.2. V20.1.2. Confessor as “soul-friend”. Irish myth: *Cross.

V21. V21. Confession brings forgiveness of sin. Nouvelles de Sens No. 15; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. No. 182.

V21.1. V21.1. Sincere confession miraculously obliterated as sign of forgiveness. *Crane Vitry 266f. Nos. 301, 302; Alphabet Nos. 205, 209; Scala Celi 44b, 46a, 55a, 56b, 85b, 104a Nos. 251, 258, 308, 316, 493, 561; Ward II 663 No. 12; Herbert III 259, 380, 432, 469.

V21.2. V21.2. Woman confesses murder: unharmed by execution fire. Alphabet No. 466; Scala Celi 47a No. 265; Wright Latin Stories 66.

V21.3. V21.3. Confession of monk who intended to rob monastery brings forgiveness. Eventually elected prior. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V21.4. V21.4. Prior pardons sinning friar who has confessed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V21.5. V21.5. Sinner confesses before sinning and thus is pardoned. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V21.6. V21.6. Sinner’s tearmarks on written confession cause bishop to pardon his sins. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V22. V22. Condemnation because of death without confession. (Cf. Q223.4.) Alphabet Nos. 231, 455; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 89 No. 760A*, Keller.

V23. V23. Miracle to permit confession.

V23.1. V23.1. Unshriven man restored to life in order to confess. (Cf. V251.) Herbert III 14; *Crane Vitry 267 No. 303; *Crane Miraculis 93 No. 27; English: Wells 167 (Vernon Miracles).

V23.2. V23.2. Dumb man recovers speech in order to confess. *Fb “stum”.

V24. V24. Miraculous manifestation at confession.

V24.1. V24.1. Confession of sins of a pilgrim calms a great storm at sea. Alphabet No. 174.

V25. V25. Easy confession not effective.

V25.1. V25.1. Man returns from dead to protest against priest who has been too easy with him at confession. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 303.

V25.2. V25.2. Confession without giving up sin punished. Scala Celi 55a No. 309.

V27. V27. Penance magically concluded by confession. Type 756B; *Andrejev FFC LXIX 136ff.

V29. V29. Confession--miscellaneous motifs.

V29.1. V29.1. Search for confessor. Great sinner sent from one confessor to another. All say that his sins are too great for forgiveness. Finally he succeeds. *Type 756C; **Andrejev FFC LIV 28ff.; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 46, 48, Beal XXI 317.

V29.2. V29.2. Monks shrive selves clean under threat of complete exposure of their sins by brother possessed of fiend. Alphabet No. 171.

V29.3. V29.3. Miracle attests fact that man does not need to confess. He hangs his sack on a sunbeam. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 146 No. 1805A.

V29.4. V29.4. Sodomist makes sport of confession. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V29.5. V29.5. Unnecessary for husband to confess as his wife has already done it for him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V29.6. V29.6. Penitent brings manuscript of sins to confession. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V29.6.1. V29.6.1. List of sins: schedule is returned miraculously cleansed of all his sins. *Loomis White Magic 131.

V29.7. V29.7. Confessor and penitent exchange confidences. Balance sins and cancel wrongs. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V29.8. V29.8. The devil goes to confession. Performs very severe penance, but cannot bear to humble himself and to stoop before the altar. (Cf. G303.16.9.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 818*.

V29.9. V29.9. Extortionate confessor demands golden statue. India: Thompson-Balys.

V30. V30. Sacrament. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 510; DeVooys Middelnederlandse Legenden en Exempelen (Den Haag, 1926) 230ff.; Irish myth: *Cross.

V30.1. V30.1. The eaten god. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics V 136--39.

V30.1.1. V30.1.1. Flesh of Artemis eaten as quail or bear. Greek: Fox 183.

V31. V31. Unconsecrated host.

V31.1. V31.1. Host taken away from sinful priest. Alphabet Nos 689, 691; Scala Celi 40b, 41a Nos. 229--36; Herbert III 398, 399, 465, 480, 483, 609, 709; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 409; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V31.2. V31.2. Unconsecrated host ineffective. Alphabet No. 162.

V31.3. V31.3. Unconsecrated host refused. Alphabet Nos. 161, 310.

V31.4. V31.4. Altar casts away host with louse baked in it. Alphabet No. 690.

V31.5. V31.5. Devil eats unblessed bread. Scala Celi 64b No. 353.

V32. V32. Host miraculously given when it is refused a man by the priest. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 129; Alphabet Nos. 160, 420; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Icelandic: Boberg.

V33. V33. Incredulity as to sacredness of host punished. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 687; Alphabet No. 309.

V33.1. V33.1. Incredulity as to sacredness of host confounded by miraculous appearance. Scala Celi 42a, 65b, 66a Nos. 239, 357--60, 364; Herbert III 539.

V33.1.1. V33.1.1. Incredulity of true transformation of host banished by actual appearance of Jesus‘s body and blood. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V34. V34. Miraculous working of the host.

V34.1. V34.1. Host cures disease. Alphabet No. 164.

V34.2. V34.2. Princess sick because toad has swallowed her consecrated wafer. *Type 613; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 83f.; *BP I 322ff.

V34.3. V34.3. Man who has received sacrament overcomes enemy, a blasphemer. Alphabet No. 163; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 535.

V34.4. V34.4. Clothes of knight who kneels in mud before host as it passes miraculously kept clean. Alphabet No. 492; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V35. V35. The stolen sacrament.

V35.1. V35.1. Jews bribe woman to steal host for them: miraculous manifestations. Scala Celi 64a No. 350.

V35.1.1. V35.1.1. Horse kneels before stolen sacrament. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 556; Mensa Philosophica No. 59; Scala Celi 64a Nos. 349f.

V35.1.2. V35.1.2. Sacred image miraculously appears on stolen sacrament. (Cf. V39.5.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 557.

V35.2. V35.2. Stolen sacred hosts put into coffin. Before death, a woman asks to put a bag into coffin. It is filled with hosts. (Cf. C55, D1031.1.1.) Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 628ff.

V39. V39. Sacrament--miscellaneous motifs.

V39.1. V39.1. Man considering self unworthy to receive host given it by God himself. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 687.

V39.2. V39.2. Wicked woman unable to endure presence of host at mass. English: Wells 151 (Richard Coer de Lyon).

V39.3. V39.3. Sacrament effective even from unworthy priest. Man who has refused such a sacrament shown a vision of a leper giving men good water without harm. Alphabet No. 687; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 126, Beal XXI 334, 337.

V39.4. V39.4. Vision of sacrament in form of young child. Alphabet No. 694; Scala Celi 66a Nos. 360--64; Toldo IV 49ff.; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 109.

V39.5. V39.5. Sacred image appears on host. Woman who has vowed not to use make-up or ornaments thus rewarded. (Cf. V35.1.2.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V39.6. V39.6. Host given as pledge to keep one‘s word. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V39.7. V39.7. Voice from grave asks that it be opened. Corpse spits out host because he has missed confession. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V39.8. V39.8. Sick men die and go to hell because they hesitate to take sacrament. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V39.9. V39.9. Woman who eats before communion cannot swallow the wafer. Irish myth: *Cross.

V40. V40. Mass. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 368a; Irish myth: *Cross.

V41. V41. Masses work miracles. *Herbert III 273ff. passim; Scala Celi 130b, 131a Nos. 712--16.

V41.1. V41.1. Imprisoned miner kept alive by masses performed by his wife. Ward II 675; Herbert III *85, 284, 324, 365; Alphabet No. 499.

V41.2. V41.2. Hearing masses causes triumph in tournament. Angel takes absent knight’s place. He is delayed by going to mass. *Liebrecht 29; Alphabet No. 462; Scala Celi 130b No. 714; *Ward II 662; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V42. V42. Masses release souls from hell (purgatory). Herbert III 284 Nos. 54ff. passim, 473; Alphabet Nos. 613, 652; Scala Celi 111b No. 620; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 228; Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 99, Beal XXI 332; English: Wells 172 (Trentalle Sancti Gregorii); Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 11; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 192--97.

V43. V43. Holy man has his own mass. (Cf. F1011.1, V29.3.) When upbraided for not coming to mass, he hangs his coat on a sunbeam. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 309 No. 10; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 147 No. 1805B.

V44. V44. Faithful attendance at mass outweighs evil deeds. *Crane Vitry Nos. 223ff. passim; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 98, Beal XXI 331.

V45. V45. Mass said for dead; they arise and say “Amen”. Scala Celi 133a No. 732.

V46. V46. Pebble put in box each time mass is heard. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 127.

V48. V48. The canonical hours. Irish myth: *Cross.

V49. V49. Mass--miscellaneous motifs.

V49.1. V49.1. Werwolves hold mass. (Cf. D113.1.1, E492, G243.) Kцhler-Bolte I 134; Gascon: Bladй Contes pop. de Gascogne II 360 No. 4.

V49.2. V49.2. Angel holds mass in church on the day that the king absents himself for sake of hunting trip. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V50. V50. Prayer. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 470a; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman.

V51. V51. Learning to pray. Jewish: Neuman.

V51.1. V51.1. Man who does not know how to pray so holy that he walks on water. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 332; **Andrejev “Tri Starca” Novoje Delo (Kazan, 1922) (see Anderson Zs. f. Vksk. XXX-XXXII 171); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 827*; Russian: Andrejev No. 827*.

V51.2. V51.2. Worldly-minded learn to pray by thinking of their usual business. Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 334, 338; Scala Celi 37b No. 209.

V51.3. V51.3. Woman shows that the Lord’s Prayer is the best. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 333.

V51.4. V51.4. Woman taught that it is better to pray before Christ‘s image than before a saint’s. Wesselski Arlotto I 201 No. 26.

V51.5. V51.5. “Beatus” best prayer for saving condemned souls. (Cf. E754.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V52. V52. Miraculous power of prayer. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 334, O‘Suilleabhain 112; Spanish Exempla: Keller; West Indies: Flowers 579. Cf. Nouvelles de Sens No. 26.

V52.1. V52.1. Man saved from lechery through prayer. Alphabet No. 65; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V52.2. V52.2. Continuous prayer sustains man through frightful vigil. *Type 307; *BP III 534; *Kцhler-Bolte II 213ff.; Irish: Beal XXI 313, 319, O‘Suilleabhain 37, 53; Japanese: Ikeda.

V52.3. V52.3. Prayer before battle brings victory. Scala Celi 151b No. 833; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

V52.4. V52.4. Objects supplied through prayer. Irish myth: Cross.

V52.5. V52.5. Prayer restores shattered vessel. Irish myth: Cross.

V52.6. V52.6. Mariners saved from maelstrom through prayer. Irish myth: Cross.

V52.7. V52.7. Prayer at saint’s flagstone averts trouble. Irish myth: Cross.

V52.8. V52.8. Prayer brings death to enemy. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 105, 345.

V52.9. V52.9. Prayer for protection on journey to land of dead. Irish myth: *Cross.

V52.10. V52.10. Prayers of devout woman free husband from death and imprisonment. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V52.11. V52.11. Prayer of sinner changes his color from black into white. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V52.12. V52.12. The clever brothers work, the foolish brother only prays; finally he acquires all the property. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1666*.

V52.13. V52.13. Saint‘s Paternoster outweighs ox. Irish myth: Cross.

V52.14. V52.14. Reciting martyrology will prevent decomposition of body of one who recites it. Irish myth: Cross.

V52.15. V52.15. Prayer said by saint into his right hand restores displaced eye of opponent. Irish myth: *Cross

V53. V53. Prayers of family comfort prisoner. Alphabet No. 298.

V53.1. V53.1. Prayer unfastens boy’s fetters. (Cf. R211.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 345.

V55. V55. Man worships devil‘s image in order to secure advancement. Scala Celi 8b No. 56; Alphabet No. 50.

V57. V57. Purpose of prayer.

V57.1. V57.1. Prayer for good harvest. India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark 32.

V57.2. V57.2. Prayer for shower of gold. India: Thompson-Balys.

V57.3. V57.3. Prayer on special occasions. Jewish: *Neuman.

V58. V58. Prayer as ceremony.

V58.1. V58.1. Prayers at sunrise and sunset. Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 143.

V58.2. V58.2. Prayer with face toward east. Irish myth: Cross.

V58.3. V58.3. Repeated circumambulations with prayer. India: Thompson-Balys.

V58.4. V58.4. Handwashing before prayer. Greek: Homer passim; Jewish: *Neuman.

V58.5. V58.5. Prayer shawl. Jewish: Neuman.

V59. V59. Prayers answered--miscellaneous. India: *Thompson-Balys.

V59.1. V59.1. Skill in theft granted as answer to prayer. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 64.

V60. V60. Funeral rites. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 212a; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

V60.1. V60.1. Stones sold at funeral wakes. India: Thompson-Balys.

V60.2. V60.2. Funeral rites by druids. Irish myth: Cross.

V61. V61. Various ways of disposing of dead.

V61.1. V61.1. Dead placed on boat. Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 79c, 545b; Fb “skib” III 243b; Icelandic: *Boberg. Cf. Beowulf.

V61.2. V61.2. Dead burned on pyre. (Cremation.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 143c; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

V61.3. V61.3. Coffin buried upright. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “cercueil”.

V61.3.0.1. V61.3.0.1. Hero buried in armor, standing with face toward land of enemies. (Cf. V67.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V61.3.0.2. V61.3.0.2. Person buried in standing position with friends about him. Irish myth: Cross.

V61.3.0.3. V61.3.0.3. Man buried upright beneath kitchen stairway in order that he may watch his family. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V61.4. V61.4. Head buried one place, body another. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

V61.4.1. V61.4.1. Corpse buried face down. (Cf. S139.2.2.3.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

V61.4.2. V61.4.2. Dismemberment before burial. Gaster Thespis 242.

V61.5. V61.5. King buried in his war car. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V61.6. V61.6. Christian buried in stone coffin. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V61.7. V61.7. Christian buried in wooden coffin. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V61.8. V61.8. Burial in grave-mound. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V61.8.1. V61.8.1. Chiefs buried in hidden caves. Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 224.

V61.9. V61.9. Lion buried in stone cave with gold letters. Icelandic: Boberg.

V61.10. V61.10. Corpses exposed in tree. Greek: Argonautica III 205.

V61.11. V61.11. Aversion to burial in “strange city”. Irish myth: Cross.

V62. V62. Restrictions on burial.

V62.1. V62.1. Funeral rites forbidden. Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Fox 53, Sophocles‘ “Antigone”.

V62.2. V62.2. Only usurers to carry body of usurer to grave. Alphabet No. 793.

V63. V63. Bones of dismembered person assembled and buried. (Cf. E30.) Type 720; BP I 412ff., *422.

V64. V64. Money tied on corpse thrown overboard from ship in order to secure burial. Child III 342, IV 506.

V64.1. V64.1. Shipwrecked each get a piece of the chief’s gold ring in order to have gold with them in death. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V65. V65. Commemoration of death. Irish myth: Cross.

V65.1. V65.1. Calves kept separate from cows in commemoration of hero‘s death. Irish myth: Cross.

V65.2. V65.2. Drinking festival in memory of the dead. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V65.3. V65.3. Wedding and funeral festival on same time. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V65.4. V65.4. Professional mourning. Virgil Aeneid XI 37; Greek: Aeschylus Libation-Pourers 423; India: Thompson-Balys.

V65.4.1. V65.4.1. Funeral song sung over dead. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. VIII 1071ff.; *E. Reiner Die rituelle Totenklage der Griechen (Stuttgart, 1938); Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

V65.5. V65.5. Funeral games. Virgil Aeneid V 66; Irish myth: *Cross.

V66. V66. Funeral sermon.

V66.1. V66.1. Witty funeral sermon. Priest having nothing good to say about man damns him with faint praise or gives anecdotes with unfavorable implications. (Cf. K1961.1.2.1.) *Wesselski Arlotto I 216ff. No. 64.

V67. V67. Accompaniments of burial. (Cf. V61.3.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

V67.1. V67.1. Ornaments (arms, chariots) buried with hero. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V67.2. V67.2. Shoes buried with the dead. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 305.

V67.3. V67.3. Treasure buried with the dead. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V67.3.1. V67.3.1. King buried with immense treasure in the ground of an artificially dried river; later the normal course of the river is restored. *Krappe “Les funйrailles d’Alaric” Annuaire de l‘institut de philologie et d’histoire orientales et slaves VII 229--40.

V67.4. V67.4. Men buried with dead chief. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V67.4.1. V67.4.1. Captain buried with his crew. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V67.5. V67.5. Animals buried with the dead. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V68. V68. Preparations for burial. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Lagerholm 33, *Boberg.

V68.1. V68.1. Dead washed (in river). Irish myth: *Cross.

V68.2. V68.2. Dead washed and hair combed. Icelandic: Boberg.

V68.3. V68.3. Dying hero wants to be buried in the clothes of his brother who killed him. Icelandic: Boberg.

V68.4. V68.4. Dead is undressed. Icelandic: Gцngu-Hrуlfs saga 245.

V68.4.1. V68.4.1. Dead not to be buried naked. Jewish: Neuman.

V68.5. V68.5. Dead rubbed with red paint. Africa (Fang): Trilles 140.

V69. V69. Funeral rites-miscellaneous.

V69.1. V69.1. All dead are buried after battle. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V69.2. V69.2. Hero buried as unknown merchant in foreign country. Icelandic: Boberg.

V70. V70. Religious feasts and fasts. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 198; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V70.1. V70.1. The first day of summer. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V70.1.1. V70.1.1. Festival of Beltane (== May Day). Irish myth: *Cross.

V70.2. V70.2. Whitsuntide. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V70.3. V70.3. Midsummer. (Cf. A1535.3.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

V70.3.1. V70.3.1. Feast of Saint John the Baptist. Irish myth: *Cross.

V70.4. V70.4. Harvest-festival. Icelandic: *Boberg.

V70.5. V70.5. Festival of Samhain (Hallowe‘en, Tara [Temair]). Irish myth: *Cross.

V70.6. V70.6. Festival of Imbolg (Brigit, Candlemas). Irish myth: *Cross.

V70.7. V70.7. Feast of the new moon. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (V74).

V70.8. V70.8. Festival of Cenn (Crom) Cruaich. Irish myth: *Cross.

V71. V71. Sabbath. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 509c; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Moreno Esdras (V71.2.), *Neuman.

V71.1. V71.1. Jewish automaton will not work on Saturday. *Dickson 212 n. 140.

V71.1.1. V71.1.1. Manna does not descend on Sabbath. Jewish: *Neuman.

V71.2. V71.2. Misfortune ascribed to breaking Sabbath. Irish myth: *Cross.

V71.3. V71.3. Various events, from creation to Resurrection, that occurred on Sabbath. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

V72. V72. Christmas. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 121b; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. IX 979ff., IX Nachtrдge 864--968; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V72.1. V72.1. Little Christmas. Irish myth: Cross.

V73. V73. Fasts. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V73.0.1. V73.0.1. Christ in the desert overcomes devil by fasting. Irish myth: Cross.

V73.1. V73.1. Fast to prevent pestilence. Irish myth: *Cross.

V73.2. V73.2. Fast improves health. Irish myth: Cross.

V73.3. V73.3. Saint causes two youths to be fed with the best food, says one is doomed to go to hell, the other will practice austerity in his old age. Irish myth: *Cross.

V73.4. V73.4. Fasting to secure a prosperous journey. Jewish: Moreno Esdras (V74.1).

V73.5. V73.5. Fasting on “Golden Fridays” as charm against certain misfortunes. Irish myth: *Cross.

V73.6. V73.6. Lent. Irish myth: Cross.

V73.6.1. V73.6.1. Christ‘s forty-days’ fast called “His Lent”. Irish myth: Cross.

V73.6.2. V73.6.2. Saint remains silent during Lent by holding stone in mouth. Irish myth: *Cross.

V73.6.3. V73.6.3. Holy man eats pork and beef in Lent because pig is raised on milk, ox on grass; but refuses to eat cake because it contains weevils (live meat). Irish myth: Cross.

V75. V75. Easter. Irish myth: *Cross.

V75.1. V75.1. Passover. Jewish: Moreno Esdras, *Neuman.

V80. V80. Religious services--miscellaneous.

V81. V81. Baptism. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 61c; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 337, O‘Suilleabhain 128; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

V81.1. V81.1. Girl having been stolen by mountain-folk must be baptized anew. *Fb “dшbe” I 227.

V81.2. V81.2. Tails fall off mountain spirits when they are baptized. Fb “hale” IV 197b.

V81.3. V81.3. Metamorphosis brought about by baptism. Monster born of union of heathen ruler and Christian maiden becomes a handsome boy on being baptized. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V81.4. V81.4. Baptism of infants. Maori: Clark 185.

V81.5. V81.5. Sea bath as purificatory rite. Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 144; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152, 176.

V82. V82. Circumcision. (Cf. F81.3.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 126c; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

V83. V83. Hymns. Irish myth: *Cross.

V84. V84. Excommunication. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 193b; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

V84.1. V84.1. Lightning strikes excommunicated person who enters church. Scala Celi 85b No. 492.

V84.2. V84.2. Priest shows power of excommunication over host. It turns black. Scala Celi 85b No. 495; Herbert III 446 No. 17.

V84.3. V84.3. Pirate excommunicated, goes on pilgrimage as penance. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V85. V85. Religious pilgrimages. (Cf. V84.3.) Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 186f.

V86. V86. Sign of the Cross. Encyc. Rel. Ethics VI 539b; Fb “kors” II 274; Scala Celi 67b--71b Nos. 373--404 passim.

V86.1. V86.1. Sign of cross protects from injury.

V86.1.1. V86.1.1. Sign of cross prevents child from being stolen from cradle. Fb “kors” II 285f.

V86.1.2. V86.1.2. Sign of cross prevents garment from burning. Alphabet No. 232.

V86.1.3. V86.1.3. Man dies because he has killed a man with the sign of the cross on his forehead. Kцhler-Bolte I 382.

V86.2. V86.2. Martyr with sign of cross on his heart. (Cf. V254.3.) Herbert III 77, 416, 467, 487, 530; Scala Celi 69b No. 388; Alphabet No. 563.

V86.3. V86.3. Punishment for profane use of the cross. Drunkard kisses cross, thinking it is a bottle of wine. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 271.

V86.4. V86.4. Miraculous manifestations to scoffers of the cross. Alphabet. No. 230; English: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne), 89 (The Sege of Melayne).

V86.5. V86.5. Praying with arms extended so as to form a cross. Irish myth: *Cross.

V86.6. V86.6. Loaf bursts in oven because sign of cross has not been made over it. Irish myth: *Cross.

V86.7. V86.7. The seven significances of the sign of the cross. Irish myth: Cross.

V87. V87. Christening.

V88. V88. Ceremony of the proclamation of a Buddha. Chinese: Werner 271.

V91. V91. Accidental calling on god’s name held to outweigh a life of wickedness. Hindu: Keith 180.

V92. V92. “Our Lady‘s Tumbler.” A tumbler, turned monk, dances while others chant psalms. He is praising God in the only way he knows. *Herbert III 417; *Wicksteed Romania II 315; Romanische Forschungen XI 223.

V93. V93. Religious dancing. (Cf. A1542.) India: Thompson-Balys.

V96. V96. Ritual bathing. Jewish: *Neuman.

V96.1. V96.1. Taking bath in a sacred river (Ganges). India: Thompson-Balys.

V97. V97. Study of Tora as religious service. Jewish: *Neuman.

V100--V199.

V100--V199. Religious edifices and objects.

V100. V100. Religious edifices and objects. Irish myth: Cross.

V110. V110. Religious buildings. Irish myth: *Cross.

V111. V111. Churches. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 123c; Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 335, O’Suilleabhain 112.

V111.1. V111.1. Visit to certain church protects from drowning on pilgrimage. (Cf. D1384, D1388.) Irish myth: Cross.

V111.2. V111.2. Stones for building church (chapel) miraculously supplied. (Cf. D931.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

V111.3. V111.3. Place where a church must be built miraculously indicated. *Loomis White Magic 127f.

V111.3.1. V111.3.1. Birds indicate the site where a church is to be built by making a model of the structure on the spot. *Loomis White Magic 68.

V111.3.2. V111.3.2. Divine person points out site for church. United States: Baughman.

V112. V112. Temples. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 591b; Jewish: *Neuman.

V112.0.1. V112.0.1. Ark of the temple. Jewish: *Neuman.

V112.1. V112.1. Spirit huts. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 69; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 112.

V112.2. V112.2. Mosques.

V112.3. V112.3. Synagogues. Jewish: *Neuman.

V113. V113. Shrines. (Cf. C51.1.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 546a; Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: Neuman.

V113.0.1. V113.0.1. Miracles at shrine. India: Thompson-Balys.

V113.0.2. V113.0.2. Vow to visit shrine. India: Thompson-Balys.

V113.1. V113.1. Cripples at shrine frightened and run away without crutches. *Herbert III 21; *Crane Vitry 241f. No. 254.

V113.2. V113.2. Robbers promise to make offerings to the shrine of a hermit if successful. India: Thompson-Balys.

V114. V114. Sacred groves. *Frazer Golden Bough XII 293 s.v. “Grove(s), sacred”; Irish myth: *Cross.

V114.1. V114.1. Sacred groves of druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

V115. V115. Church bells. Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 69a; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 868ff.; E. Lippert Glockenlдuten als Rechtsbrauch (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1939); *P. Sartori Das Buch von deutschen Glocken (Berlin, 1932).--Irish myth: *Cross; Norwegian: Solheim Register 21.

V115.1. V115.1. Church bell sunk in river (sea). (Cf. F993.) *Fb. “kirkeklokke” IV 260b; Wales, England: *Baughman; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 47 No. 88; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 72 Nos. 608--11; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 135 No. 88.

V115.1.1. V115.1.1. Sunken bell travels on sea bottom. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 72 No. 609.

V115.1.2. V115.1.2. Raising sunken church bell. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 73 No. 620.

V115.1.3. V115.1.3. Sunken church bell cannot be raised. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 73 Nos. 612--22.

V115.1.3.1. V115.1.3.1. Church bell cannot be raised because silence is broken. (Cf. C401.4.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 72f. Nos. 612, 613, 619.

V115.1.3.2. V115.1.3.2. Church bell cannot be raised because person blasphemes. England: *Baughman.

V115.2. V115.2. Girl sold for new church bell. (Cf. S210.) England: Child I 91ff.

V115.3. V115.3. Devil buys church bell and demoralizes congregation. They have always come early before since they had no bell to announce the time. Now they wait for the bell. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 92.

V115.4. V115.4. What church bells say. Fb “kirkeklokke” IV 260A.

V116. V116. Altars. (Cf. V135.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 18a; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V117. V117. Pulpits.

V118. V118. Monasteries. Irish myth: *Cross.

V118.0.1. V118.0.1. Hell as a monastery--the devil, abbot; sinners, monks. Irish myth: Cross.

V118.1. V118.1. Monastery on otherworld island. Irish myth: Cross.

V118.2. V118.2. Subaqueous monastery. Irish myth: *Cross.

V118.2.1. V118.2.1. Submarine oratory. Irish myth: *Cross.

V120. V120. Images. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 271b; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V120.1. V120.1. Images and druids. Irish myth: Cross.

V121. V121. Miraculous image of Christ impressed on napkin. Veronica. Ward II 641 No. 20.

V122. V122. Image bars way of nun trying to escape convent to join lover. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 74 No. 65.

V122.1. V122.1. Image of Jesus descends from cross and wounds nun leaving convent. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V123. V123. Image blamed by suppliant for misfortunes. Type 1479**, *Wesselski Arlotto I 196 No. 23; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

V123.1. V123.1. God under compulsion: suppliant threatens to mutilate (crush) holy image if his wish is not fulfilled. India: Thompson-Balys.

V124. V124. Preacher criticizes the likeness of Christ exhibited in his church. Says that it is unworthy of the original. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V124.1. V124.1. Saint hangs cowl in thornbrake as symbol of Christ on the Cross. Irish myth: Cross.

V125. V125. Casting of image of Buddha delayed until a maniac‘s mite is thrown into the furnace. Chinese: Werner 401.

V126. V126. Image of saint speaks. *Loomis White Magic 124.

V127. V127. Image of deity in wood (stone). (Cf. V1.11.) Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 111; Cook Islands: ibid. 131; Marquesas: Handy 122; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 344.

V128. V128. Motions of various kinds attributed to images.

V128.1. V128.1. An apple is offered to a statue of the Virgin and her child. The infant reaches out and takes the fruit. *Loomis White Magic 124.

V128.2. V128.2. Portraits exude oil. *Loomis White Magic 124.

V130. V130. Other sacred objects connected with worship.

V131. V131. Religious robes (vestments). *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 629c; Gaster Thespis 270f.; Jewish: *Neuman.

V131.1. V131.1. Sight of holy fringe on garment restrains a man from fornication and reforms the harlot. Gaster Exempla 192f. No. 35; Jewish: *Neuman.

V131.2. V131.2. White robes of druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

V132. V132. Holy water. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics IV 61f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V132.1. V132.1. Holy water prevents a man from committing incest with his daughter. (Cf. T411.) Alphabet No. 523.

V132.2. V132.2. Holy water disperses demons. (Cf. D1385.) Irish myth: Cross.

V132.2.1. V132.2.1. Holy water removes mark placed on man’s face by the devil. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V132.3. V132.3. Drinking holy water facilitates cursing. Irish myth: Cross.

V133. V133. Holy candles. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics III 188ff.

V134. V134. Sacred wells. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 640c; Fb “kilde” II 119: Namn och Bygd XXXIII (1945) 1ff. -- Danish: Schmidt Danmarks Helligkilder (DF XXXIII); Irish myth: *Cross; England, Wales, Ireland, U.S.: Baughman; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V134.0.1. V134.0.1. Tree beside holy well. Irish myth: *Cross.

V134.1. V134.1. Oracles and auguries from holy well. Irish myth: *Cross.

V134.2. V134.2. Offerings to holy wells. Irish myth: *Cross.

V134.3. V134.3. Fish in water from certain well: water refuses to boil till fish are returned to well. Irish myth: *Cross.

V134.4. V134.4. Ducks in pool in church: water in which they are placed refuses to boil till ducks are restored to pool. Irish myth: *Cross.

V135. V135. Altar cloths. (Cf. F962.12.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

V135.1. V135.1. Poverty-stricken couple wrap newly-born child in altar-coverings. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V136. V136. Bible. Irish myth: Cross.

V136.1. V136.1. Copy of gospels buried with saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V137. V137. House of woman who launders clothes for church spared in great fire. Alphabet No. 76.

V140. V140. Sacred relics. **Saintyves Les rйliques et les images lйgendaires (Paris, 1912); Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 493a.

V140.1. V140.1. Angel reveals (buried) relics to saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

V140.2. V140.2. Saint‘s relics miraculously recovered. *Loomis White Magic 127f.

V140.3. V140.3. A cow licks the stone under which the secreted body of saint is buried. *Loomis White Magic 62.

V140.4. V140.4. Testing the authenticity of relics: bones are cast into fire; with great noise they jump away from the flames. *Loomis White Magic 92.

V141. V141. Possession of relic brings prosperity, its loss sickness. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 113 No. 96.

V142. V142. Devout possessor of false relics miraculously receives authentic ones. Alphabet Nos. 89, 402; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V142.1. V142.1. Sham relics perform miracles if faith is great. India: *Thompson-Balys.

V143. V143. Saint’s bones for lack of worship remove themselves from church. (Cf. D1641.) Alphabet No. 679.

V143.1. V143.1. Saint‘s bones miraculously removed from reliquary broken in pillage. Irish myth: Cross.

V143.2. V143.2. Relics (images) carried away return to their original church. *Loomis White Magic 48.

V144. V144. Belief in miraculous powers of sacred relics. Irish myth: Cross.

V144.1. V144.1. Sacred relics carried in battle to aid victory. Irish myth: Cross.

V144.2. V144.2. The relics of saint protect horses from the attack of wild beasts. *Loomis White Magic 106.

V150. V150. Sacred objects--miscellaneous.

V151. V151. Sacred writings. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 530a; Irish myth: *Cross.

V151.1. V151.1. Captive released because of ability to recite beginning of Genesis. (Cf. J1185.) Gaster Exempla 193 No. 38.

V200--V299.

V200--V299. Sacred persons.

V200.

V200. Sacred persons.

V200.1. V200.1. Flame illuminates cradle of sacred person. (Cf. H41.4.) Saintyves Saints Successeurs 247--48.

V201. V201. God. *Encyc. Relic Ethics Index 223b.

V202. V202. Sacred spirits. Hawaii: *Beckwith Myth 104, 107, 108, 180, 382, 447, 512.

V205. V205. Royal family as sacred.

V205.1. V205.1. Third son of king possesses sacred power. Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 130.

V210. V210. Religious founders. Jewish: *Neuman.

V211. V211. Christ. *DeVooys Middelnederlandse Legenden en Exempelen (Den Haag, 1926) 129ff.; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

V211.0.1. V211.0.1. Christ born from crown of Virgin’s head. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.0.2. V211.0.2. Christ conceived on same day He was crucified. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.0.3. V211.0.3. Seventeen marvels at the birth of Christ. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.0.4. V211.0.4. Christ as prophet. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.0.5. V211.0.5. Christ called “druid”. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.1. V211.1. The Nativity of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.1. V211.1.1. Air fragrant at Nativity. (Cf. V222.4.) Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.2. V211.1.2. Star shines through day of Nativity. (Cf. F961.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.2.1. V211.1.2.1. Hairy star appears before Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.3. V211.1.3. Shining cloud marks place of Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.3.1. V211.1.3.1. Vast intolerable light on night of Christ‘s Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.4. V211.1.4. Virgin suffers no birth pangs at Christ’s Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.5. V211.1.5. Elements silent and motionless at Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.6. V211.1.6. A “crown of thorns” among gifts given by the shepherds to Joseph, husband of Virgin Mary. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.7. V211.1.7. Three (seven) druids come to adore infant Jesus. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.1.8. V211.1.8. The Infant Jesus. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.8.1. V211.1.8.1. Christ in form of an infant nursed by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.8.2. V211.1.8.2. Christ in form of an infant fondled by nuns. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.1.8.3. V211.1.8.3. Christ as infant in mother‘s arms causes bare hillside to become field of wheat as protection. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.2. V211.2. Christ on earth. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.2.1. V211.2.1. Fiery pillar as sign of Christ’s visit. (Cf. F964.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

V211.2.1.1. V211.2.1.1. Christ disguised as leper. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.2.1.2. V211.2.1.2. Christ disguised as beggar. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.2.1.2.1. V211.2.1.2.1. Jesus had “dark hair and a long red beard”. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.2.2. V211.2.2. Christ leaves bachall after visit. (Cf. D1277.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.2.3. V211.2.3. The Crucifixion. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.2.3.0.1. V211.2.3.0.1. Angel warns of Christ‘s danger. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.2.3.0.2. V211.2.3.0.2. Smith’s wife made nails for the Cross because her husband believed Christ to be a true prophet. *Loomis White Magic 51f.

V211.2.3.1. V211.2.3.1. Earth trembles at Crucifixion. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.2.3.2. V211.2.3.2. Moon bloody at Crucifixion. (Cf. F961.3.) Irish myth: Cross.

V211.2.3.3. V211.2.3.3. Sun darkened at Crucifixion. (Cf. F965.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

V211.3. V211.3. Finding of the Cross. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.4. V211.4. Construction of the Cross.

V211.4.1. V211.4.1. Cross of Christ made of four kinds of wood. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.5. V211.5. The five wounds of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.5.1. V211.5.1. Blood and wine issue from wound in side of crucified Savior. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.6. V211.6. Dialogue between Christ and the Virgin Mary. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.7. V211.7. Christ‘s descent to hell. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.7.1. V211.7.1. The harrowing of hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.7.2. V211.7.2. Dialogue (debate) between Christ and Satan (at the harrowing of hell). Irish myth: *Cross.

V211.7.3. V211.7.3. The three bolts left on hell by Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

V211.8. V211.8. Christ’s resurrection (on March 27). Irish myth: Cross.

V211.9. V211.9. Christ‘s ascent to Heaven (on May 5). Irish myth: Cross.

V211.10. V211.10. Letter (message) of Christ. Irish myth: *Cross. Cf. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 642.

V211.10.1. V211.10.1. Christ sends message to voyaging clerics. Irish myth: Cross.

V212. V212. Buddha.

V212.1. V212.1. Sacred books received from Buddha in person. Chinese: Werner 340.

V212.2. V212.2. Precepts heard from Buddha in person. India: Thompson-Balys.

V220. V220. Saints. **Toldo Studien zur vgl. Litgsch. I--IX passim; **Saintyves Saints Successeurs 23--26; *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 514a.--Norwegian: Solheim Register 22; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 140--42, 162, 210, 411. For references in addition to those given below, see volume VI s.v. “Saints”.

V221. V221. Miraculous healing by saints. Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 246a; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V221.0.1. V221.0.1. Relics of saint cure disease. Alphabet Nos. 398, 432; *Loomis White Magic 104.

V221.0.1.1. V221.0.1.1. Oil flowing from relics has curative powers. *Loomis White Magic 104.

V221.0.1.2. V221.0.1.2. The wine (water) occasionally used to bathe relics assumes healing powers. *Loomis White Magic 104.

V221.0.1.3. V221.0.1.3. Shrine of saint carried around to suppress pestilence. *Loomis White Magic 105.

V221.0.2. V221.0.2. Saint miraculously healed. Irish myth: Cross.

V221.0.2.1. V221.0.2.1. Crippled saint miraculously receives horse and chariot. Irish myth: Cross.

V221.0.3. V221.0.3. Miraculous healing power of saint as child. *Loomis White Magic 25.

V221.1. V221.1. Saint cures palsy. Alphabet No. 731; Irish myth: *Cross.

V221.2. V221.2. Saint restores dumb man‘s speech. (Cf. D1507.) Alphabet No. 401; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V221.3. V221.3. Saint cures leprosy. Irish myth: *Cross.

V221.3.1. V221.3.1. Leper cured by the kiss of a saint. *Loomis White Magic 103.

V221.4. V221.4. Saint subdues madman. (Cf. D1508.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V221.4.0.1. V221.4.0.1. Saint cures frenzied animal. Irish myth: *Cross.

V221.4.0.1.1. V221.4.0.1.1. Saint’s blessing sufficient to control a mad dog. *Loomis White Magic 106.

V221.5. V221.5. Saint purifies monk with sign of the cross. (Cf. D1766.6.) Irish myth: Cross.

V221.6. V221.6. Saint sustains man on gallows. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V221.7. V221.7. Woman relieved of incurable malady by kissing letter from saint. (Cf. D1266.1.) *Loomis White Magic 105.

V221.8. V221.8. Wounds cured by saint leave no scars. *Loomis White Magic 106.

V221.9. V221.9. Cut off parts of body attached again by saint. *Loomis White Magic 84.

V221.10. V221.10. Men with enormous and unnatural appetite cured by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V221.11. V221.11. Saint cures dumb person. Irish myth: *Cross.

V221.12. V221.12. Saint cures blindness. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222. V222. Miraculous manifestation acclaims saint. Alphabet Nos. 345, 354, 602, 637, 762; Irish: Beal XXI 305, 326, 335, O‘Suilleabhain 70f., 115; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 45, 182; India: Thompson-Balys.

V222.0.1. V222.0.1. Birth of saint predicted by visions of miracles. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222.0.1.1. V222.0.1.1. Pillar of fire rises over woman pregnant with future saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.0.1.2. V222.0.1.2. Saint identified by pillar of fire above her head. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222.0.1.3. V222.0.1.3. Dazzling heavenly light by day and night marks place of saint‘s birth. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222.0.2. V222.0.2. Angels appear above place where saint is born. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.1. V222.1. Marvelous light accompanying saint. Alphabet No. 473; Plummer cxxxviii, clxxviii; Loomis White Magic 27f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V222.1.0.1. V222.1.0.1. Supernaturally bright light marks sleeping infant saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.1.0.2. V222.1.0.2. “Fair Drop” from. Heaven falls upon infant saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.1.1. V222.1.1. Radiance fills church when saint dies. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222.1.2. V222.1.2. Hand of saint made bright by Lord’s touch. Too splendid for man‘s sight thereafter. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222.1.3. V222.1.3. Column of light descends from heaven upon chosen man. Loomis White Magic 28.

V222.1.4. V222.1.4. Lights show where the body of saint is buried. Loomis White Magic 28.

V222.2. V222.2. Brake in which saint loses tooth bursts into flame. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.3. V222.3. Choral singing accompanies saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.4. V222.4. House of saint filled with fragrance. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222.4.1. V222.4.1. Aromatic smell of a saint’s body. *Loomis White Magic 54f.

V222.5. V222.5. Oil bursts from ground as saint is made bishop. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.6. V222.6. Bell sounds at approach of saint. Irish myth: Cross; England: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

V222.6.1. V222.6.1. Church bells ring without aid of human hands at death of holy person. *Loomis White Magic 52.

V222.7. V222.7. Dead holy man stretches hand from tomb to honor saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

V222.8. V222.8. Holy man passes through fire for his faith. Only his clothing burns. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V222.9. V222.9. Earthquake accompanies entrance of holy man into palace of heathen emperor. Irish myth: Cross.

V222.10. V222.10. Saint falling into an abyss found perched in the branches of a tree which projected from the cliff. As soon as the man is drawn up, the tree vanishes. *Loomis White Magic 127.

V222.11. V222.11. Flowers fall from saint‘s mouth while he speaks. (Cf. D1454.2.1.) *Loomis White Magic 95.

V222.12. V222.12. Holy man restores a garden to bloom. India: *Thompson-Balys.

V222.13. V222.13. Sun sends shaft of heat to cook meat given persecuted saint. India: Thompson-Balys.

V222.14. V222.14. Roses lose thorns when saint walks on them. England: Baughman.

V222.15. V222.15. Saint changes maggots in the sores of a nun into precious stones. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V222.16. V222.16. Robbers who enter saint’s garden to steal are caused to spade it up for him. This proves him to be saint. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V223. V223. Saints have miraculous knowledge. Alphabet No. 482; *Loomis White Magic 72f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 307 No. 25.

V223.1. V223.1. Saint gives advice. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 119f.

V223.2. V223.2. Saint warns against poisoned well. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 114 No. 99.

V223.3. V223.3. Saint can perceive the thoughts of another man and reveal hidden sins. Irish myth: *Cross.

V223.4. V223.4. Saint helps with learning.

V223.4.1. V223.4.1. Truant boy learns long lesson while asleep with head in saint‘s lap. Irish myth: *Cross.

V223.5. V223.5. Saints blessed with ability to discourse in the native idioms of the people whom they visit. *Loomis White Magic 72.

V223.5.1. V223.5.1. Saint understands language of wren, fly, cat. Irish myth: Cross.

V223.6. V223.6. Saint as prognosticator. India: Thompson-Balys.

V223.6.1. V223.6.1. Saint can foretell the weather. Irish myth: Cross.

V224. V224. Miraculous replacement of objects (animals) for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V224.1. V224.1. Objects used as firewood for saint miraculously replaced. Irish myth: *Cross.

V224.2. V224.2. Food (animals) eaten by saint miraculously replaced. Loomis White Magic 70; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

V224.3. V224.3. Animals stolen from saint miraculously replaced. Irish myth: *Cross.

V224.4. V224.4. Performing fox accidentally killed miraculously replaced for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V224.5. V224.5. Supply of lime for building church miraculously renewed for saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V225. V225. Saints in several places at once. *Toldo V 343; *Loomis White Magic 131.

V226. V226. Saints as hermits. *Toldo II 99; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

V227. V227. Saints have divine visitors. *Toldo IV 49ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

V227.1. V227.1. God gives staff of Jesus to saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

V228. V228. Immunities of saints (holy men). (Cf. D1840.)

V228.1. V228.1. Saint immune to poisoning. India: Thompson-Balys.

V228.1.1. V228.1.1. Saint drinks poison without being injured. Irish myth: *Cross.

V228.2. V228.2. Anchorite immune to magician’s powers. India: Thompson-Balys.

V229. V229. Saints--miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.1. V229.1. Saint commands return from dead with supernatural information. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.2. V229.2. Sanctity of saints. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.2.1. V229.2.1. Saintly babe repeatedly found with arms extended in form of cross. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.2.2. V229.2.2. Saintly babe disgorges unclean food. Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.2.3. V229.2.3. Saint will drink only milk of cow milked by faithful woman. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.2.3.1. V229.2.3.1. Saint as baby refuses to take mother’s breast on Wednesdays and Fridays. *Loomis White Magic 114.

V229.2.4. V229.2.4. Baptism of a wonder child is accompanied by a variety of phenomena. *Loomis White Magic 23.

V229.2.5. V229.2.5. Place of saint‘s martyrdom perpetually green. *Loomis White Magic 95.

V229.2.6. V229.2.6. Martyrs emit milk instead of blood from their wounds. *Loomis White Magic 79.

V229.2.6.1. V229.2.6.1. Saint sheds tears of blood. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.2.7. V229.2.7. Flowers grow on graves from the mouths or hearts of holy persons. (Cf. E631.1.) *Loomis White Magic 95.

V229.2.8. V229.2.8. Saint’s body remains unspoiled in the earth for a long time. *Loomis White Magic 43f.

V229.2.9. V229.2.9. Tombs of saints distill oil. *Loomis White Magic 43.

V229.2.10. V229.2.10. Stones answer “Amen” after saint‘s preaching. *Loomis White Magic 126.

V229.2.11. V229.2.11. Miracle saves saint from unjust censure. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.2.11.1. V229.2.11.1. Saint causes gluttonous reptile to leap from saint’s body into bishop‘s throat and then return as proof of bishop’s injustice. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.2.12. V229.2.12. Extraordinary longevity of saints. Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.2.12.1. V229.2.12.1. Seven Irish saints who never died. Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.2.12.2. V229.2.12.2. Saint lives for 300 (100?) years without eating food or uttering evil. Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.2.13. V229.2.13. Saint promises to return from heaven. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.3. V229.3. Saint banishes snakes. Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.4. V229.4. Saint overcomes (destroys) monsters (dragons). Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.5. V229.5. Saint banishes demons. Irish myth. *Cross.

V229.5.1. V229.5.1. Saint confines monster (dragon) in lake. Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.6. V229.6. Saint in conflict with druid. Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.6.1. V229.6.1. Saint limits powers of satirist (druid). Irish myth: Cross.

V229.6.2. V229.6.2. Ale poisoned by druid miraculously purified by saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.6.3. V229.6.3. Druid raised in air, cast down, and brains scattered on stone by power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.6.4. V229.6.4. Druid by spells seeks to drive saint from island. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.7. V229.7. Invaders miraculously defeated by saints. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.7.1. V229.7.1. Saint drives away an army by bringing upon it a dense and smoky cloud. (Cf. D2163.4.) *Loomis White Magic 123; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

V229.8. V229.8. Saints create magic concealing mist. (Cf. D1361.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V229.9. V229.9. Unusual fuel used by saints: burning stone, snow and icicles, marble pillar, and green timber. *Loomis White Magic 34f.

V229.10. V229.10. Broken objects restored to their original forms by saint. *Loomis White Magic 82f., 85.

V229.10.1. V229.10.1. Burned clothes restored to their previous form. *Loomis White Magic 128.

V229.10.2. V229.10.2. Holy man restores cut-off hands and feet. India: Thompson-Balys.

V229.10.3. V229.10.3. Saint causes grey hair to grow in black. India: Thompson-Balys.

V229.11. V229.11. Saint with tongue of fire (literally). *Loomis White Magic 34.

V229.12. V229.12. Sinful beauty is converted and spends the end of her life doing penance (Mary Magdalene, Mary of Egypt, and Thais). *Loomis White Magic 109f.

V229.13. V229.13. Ground elevates itself to give protection or comfort to saint. *Loomis White Magic 45.

V229.14. V229.14. Saint in anger shows strength: wall broken by his kick. (Cf. F610.) *Loomis White Magic 131.

V229.15. V229.15. Saint disguised as poor man saves almsgiving king from punishment in hell. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.16. V229.16. Lake of milk made through merit of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.17. V229.17. Saint‘s blessing causes a river to be best place for fishing. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.18. V229.18. Dispute between two saints settled by angel. Irish myth: Cross.

V229.19. V229.19. Objects mourn death of saint (holy man). India: Thompson-Balys.

V229.20. V229.20. Downfall of ascetic (saint). Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 185 No. 126.

V229.20.1. V229.20.1. After birth of son holy person loses miraculous power. India: Thompson-Balys.

V229.21. V229.21. House and family appear overnight to afford hospitality to benighted priests. (Cf. Q45.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

V229.22. V229.22. Severed head of saint speaks so that searchers can find it. (Cf. D1610.5.) England: Baughman.

V229.23. V229.23. Stone turns red when saint’s picture is removed. England: Baughman.

V229.24. V229.24. Saint turns snakes to stones. (Cf. D420.) England: Baughman.

V229.25. V229.25. Conversation of animals reveals to man how to become saint. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 42.

V230. V230. Angels. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 26b; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 107, Beal XXI 334; German: Grimm No. 3. For an extensive analysis of angels in Jewish tradition see *Neuman.

V230.1. V230.1. Man beholds angels. Irish myth: *Cross.

V230.2. V230.2. Angels powerful. Irish myth: Cross.

V230.3. V230.3. Angel and mortal struggle. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V231. V231. Appearance of angel. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

V231.1. V231.1. Angel in bird shape. *Fb “fugl” I 380b; Irish myth: *Cross.

V231.2. V231.2. Shooting star as angel. BP III 234.

V231.3. V231.3. Angel with four wings. Irish myth: Cross.

V231.4. V231.4. Angel is form of cleric. Irish myth: Cross.

V231.5. V231.5. Angel appears to woman to warn her not to force girl into marriage. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V231.6. V231.6. Angel in the form of an old man. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

V232. V232. Angel as helper. Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. No. 188; Jewish: *Neuman.

V232.1. V232.1. Angel as helper in battle. English: Wells 76 (Joseph of Aramathie); Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V232.1.1. V232.1.1. Angels appear and help boy prince slay treacherous uncle. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V232.2. V232.2. Angel carries mortal. Irish myth: *Cross.

V232.2.0.1. V232.2.0.1. Angel carries boat to water. Irish myth: Cross.

V232.2.0.2. V232.2.0.2. Angel transports saint’s staff. Irish myth: Cross.

V232.3. V232.3. Angels supply food to mortal. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

V232.3.1. V232.3.1. Angel shows saint where to dig for water. Irish myth: *Cross.

V232.4. V232.4. Angel looses man‘s fetters. (Cf. R121.) Irish myth: Cross.

V232.5. V232.5. Angel as guide. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V232.5.1. V232.5.1. Angel guides chariot. Irish myth: *Cross.

V232.6. V232.6. Angel reveals location of lost (buried) object. Irish myth: *Cross.

V232.7. V232.7. Gifts from angels. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V232.7.1. V232.7.1. Angel brings cross as gift to saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V232.8. V232.8. Angel helps Peter to escape from prison. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V232.9. V232.9. Angel cleans hearth. Irish myth: Cross.

V232.10. V232.10. Angels build church. Irish myth: *Cross.

V233. V233. Angel of death. *Chauvin VI 184 No. 349; *Fb “engel” I 250; Jewish: *Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas I 313f., 149f., 371ff., 380.

V233.1. V233.1. Angel of death spares mother who is suckling children. As punishment angel must serve as sexton. Type 795*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 795*; Russian: Andrejev No. 795A*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 795*.

V234. V234. Songs of the angels. *Chauvin VI 106 No. 270; *Loomis White Magic 53; Irish myth: *Cross.

V234.1. V234.1. Angels sing in honor of saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

V234.1.1. V234.1.1. Angels sing to welcome saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V234.1.2. V234.1.2. Angels sing over saint’s body. Irish myth: *Cross.

V234.1.3. V234.1.3. Angel choir responds when saint receives orders. Irish myth: *Cross.

V234.2. V234.2. Angels sing on night of Christ‘s Nativity. Irish myth: *Cross.

V235. V235. Mortal visited by angel. Irish: Plummer clxxxii, *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 301 No. 16; Spanish: Keller Espinosa Jr. No. 186; Jewish: *Neuman.

V235.0.1. V235.0.1. Mortals visited by angel in vision. (Cf. V510.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V235.0.2. V235.0.2. Angel invoked by fasting. Irish myth: *Cross.

V235.1. V235.1. Angel announces birth of Christ to shepherds. Irish myth: Cross.

V235.2. V235.2. Angel comforts repentant sinner. Irish myth: Cross.

V235.3. V235.3. Angel bars abbot from his cell because abbot has cast out a sinning monk. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V236. V236. Fallen angels. Jewish: Neuman.

V236.1. V236.1. Fallen angels become fairies (dwarfs, trolls). *Fb “engel” I 250; Irish: O’Suilleabhain 59, 61, Beal XXI 323f.

V237. V237. Angel bars the way to Baalam‘s ass. Numbers 22: 27; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V238. V238. Guardian angel. (Cf. F403.2.2.2, V232, 246.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

V238.1. V238.1. Angels hover over mortal (saint). Irish myth: *Cross.

V238.2. V238.2. Angels melt snow around saintly babe. Irish myth: Cross.

V238.3. V238.3. Service of angels marks saint’s destination. Irish myth: Cross.

V238.4. V238.4. Air above grave of converted druid full of angels. Irish myth: *Cross.

V241. V241. Angels honor mortal. (Cf. V234.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V241.1. V241.1. Angels attend saint‘s funeral. Irish myth: Cross.

V241.1.1. V241.1.1. Angel directs saint’s burial. Irish myth: *Cross.

V241.2. V241.2. Angels hold service over (saint‘s) tomb. (Cf. V242.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V241.2.1. V241.2.1. Angels shed light upon saint’s tomb. Irish myth: Cross.

V241.3. V241.3. Angels run races before saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V241.4. V241.4. Angel baptizes saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V241.4.1. V241.4.1. Angel names child. Irish myth: *Cross.

V241.5. V241.5. Angels set heavenly veil upon head of pious woman. Irish myth: Cross.

V242. V242. Holy place (object) glorified by angel‘s presence. (Cf. V421.2.)

V242.1. V242.1. Train of angels rises from graveyard. Irish myth: Cross.

V242.2. V242.2. Angel abides in church. Irish myth: Cross.

V242.2.1. V242.2.1. Angels attend church service. Irish myth: *Cross.

V242.3. V242.3. Angel passes daily over blessed stone. Irish myth: Cross.

V243. V243. Angel answers mortal’s prayer. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

V243.1. V243.1. Angels appear above grave of fallen girl through virtue of prayers said by her lover (young monk). Irish myth: Cross.

V244. V244. Angel beseeches at unholy grave of redeemed sinner until body is moved to sanctified ground. Irish myth. Cross.

V245. V245. Angel punishes mortal. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V245.1. V245.1. Angel scourges mortal for disobedience to God. (Cf. Q220, Q325, Q458.) Irish myth: Cross.

V246. V246. Angel counsels mortal. (Cf. V232, V238.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V246.0.1. V246.0.1. Angel leaves letter (book) with instructions for saint. Irish myth: *Cross.

V246.0.2. V246.0.2. Angel dictates (gives) book. Irish myth: *Cross.

V246.1. V246.1. Angel tells saint where to build his church. Irish myth: *Cross.

V246.2. V246.2. Angel as saint‘s teacher. Irish myth: *Cross.

V246.3. V246.3. Angel informs saint of coming of guests. Irish myth: Cross.

V247. V247. Daily life of angels. Jewish: *Neuman.

V248. V248. Angels and God. Jewish: *Neuman.

V249. V249. Angels--miscellaneous motifs. Irish myth: Cross.

V249.1. V249.1. Angel makes proclamation. Irish myth: Cross.

V249.2. V249.2. Language of angels.

V249.2.1. V249.2.1. Hebrew the language of the angels. Irish myth: Cross.

V250. V250. The Virgin Mary. **Crane Liber de Miraculis; *DeVooys Middelnederlandse Legenden en Exempelen 57; Genthe Die Jungfrau Maria: ihre Evangelien und ihre Wunder (Halle, 1852); *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 366c. -- Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 59, 78, Beal XXI 307, 314, 323, 327; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 202--04. For references in addition to those given below, see volume VI s.v. “Virgin Mary”.

V250.1. V250.1. Irish saint as “Mary of the Gael”. Irish myth: *Cross.

V250.2. V250.2. Virgin Mary has golden hair. Irish myth: Cross

V251. V251. Virgin Mary prevents (retards) death so as to save sinner’s soul. Permits time for repentance and absolution. (Sometimes resuscitation.) Alphabet No. 464; Ward II 606 No. 14, 633 No. 31, 650 No. 1; *Crane Miraculis Nos. 6, 7, 10, 31, 39; Wells 169 (De Miraculo Beate Marie); Scala Celi 123a, 125b Nos. 674, 681. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V251.1. V251.1. Virgin Mary brings man back to life after he has seen hell‘s torments. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V252. V252. Virgin Mary defends innocent accused. Alphabet No. 381; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 78 No. 68; *Crane Miraculis No. 34; Icelandic: Boberg.

V252.1. V252.1. Virgin Mary returns borrowed money and reveals cheat. A man borrows money from a Jew with the Virgin as security. Unable to return the money in time, he commits the money to the sea with a prayer to the Virgin. The Jew receives it but claims that the money is not paid. The Virgin reveals the cheat. Ward II 638 No. 10; *Crane Miraculis No. 33; Wells 167 (Vernon Miracles).

V252.2. V252.2. Virgin Mary saves criminal from fire at stake. *Ward II 663 No. 12; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V253. V253. Faithfulness to Virgin Mary, even if not to Christ, rewarded. Alphabet No. 555; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 128 No. 113.

V254. V254. Efficacy of saying “Aves”. Irish: Beal XXI 335, O’Suilleabhain 114, 117.

V254.1. V254.1. Saying of “Aves” obliterates sin. *Crane Miraculis No. 12; Ward II 605ff. Nos. 10, 18, 20; Herbert III 26; *Crane Vitry 263 No. 296.

V254.1.1. V254.1.1. Virgin Mary supports robber on gallows because he once said “Ave Maria”. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V254.2. V254.2. Ship in storm saved because of sailors‘ “Ave Maria”. (Cf. D2141.1.) *Crane Miraculis No. 28; Ward II 626 No. 9, 640 Nos. 12, 14, 15, *677 No. 12.

V254.3. V254.3. “Ave” on the tongue. Because of faithfulness in saying “Aves” the words are found imprinted on the dead man’s tongue. (Cf. V86.2.) Ward II 612 No. 29, 677 No. 1, cf. 632 No. 30.

V254.3.1. V254.3.1. Blasphemer paralyzed in all members except tongue which had once said “Ave Maria”. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V254.4. V254.4. Devil exorcised by “Ave”. Ward II 686 Nos. 74, 75, 77.

V254.5. V254.5. Nun forgets to hail Mary and goes into the world to sin. Alphabet No. 470.

V254.6. V254.6. Joseph and Mary threaten to leave heaven when the man who has always prayed to them is refused admittance. *Type 805*.

V254.7. V254.7. Murdered boy still sings “Ave” after his death. (Chaucer‘s Prioress’s Tale.) **Brown PMLA XXI 486ff.; Ward II 656, 697 and passim; Herbert III 528; Wells Catalogue of Romances 166 (Vernon Miracles).

V254.7.1. V254.7.1. Criminal who said “Ave” beheaded. His head calls repeatedly, “Ave Maria”. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V254.8. V254.8. Virgin Mary will not let devil (authorities) take robber noble who daily says “Ave”. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V254.9. V254.9. Virgin forbids devil to take robber as long as he continues to say two “Aves” daily. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V255. V255. Virgin Mary has dissolute monk buried in consecrated ground: his only mass is that of the Virgin. *Crane Miraculis Nos. 3, 9; Ward II 607 No. 15, 660 No. 29; Scala Celi 116a, 116b Nos. 644, 645; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V255.1. V255.1. Devotee of Virgin not buried in consecrated ground has lily issue from mouth so that his grave is made known. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V255.2. V255.2. Virgin gives private mass to devout lady unable to attend. Spanish Exempla: Keller

V256. V256. Miraculous healing by Virgin Mary. (Cf. D2161.) Irish myth: Cross.

V256.1. V256.1. Healing spittle of Virgin Mary. (Cf. D1500.1.7.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

V256.2. V256.2. Miracles of healing performed before image of Virgin Mary. Irish myth: Cross.

V256.3. V256.3. Virgin Mary restores severed hand to Saint John Damascene. He had cut it off to repress lust. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V256.4. V256.4. Virgin Mary saves life of man who at devil‘s instigation has castrated himself. She will not, however, restore his severed members. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V256.5. V256.5. Virgin Mary restores life to drowned man who always had saluted her. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V261. V261. Virgin Mary designates favorite for election for office. *Crane Miraculis No. 13; Ward II 608 No. 19.

V261.1. V261.1. Virgin restores office to an ignorant man because of his faith. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V261.2. V261.2. Virgin pardons man who repented for cheating in election. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V262. V262. Virgin Mary supplies mead for unprepared hostess of the king. Ward II 614 No. 35.

V263. V263. Portrait of the Virgin appears to devotee. *Ward II 611 Nos. 26, 27; *Crane Miraculis Nos. 21, 44.

V264. V264. Virgin Mary rescues man attacked by the devil. *Crane Miraculis No. 23; Ward II 612 No. 30; Spanish Exempla: Keller; West Indies: Flowers 580.

V264.1. V264.1. Virgin Mary brings man a pact he signed with the devil and frees the man from devil’s power. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V265. V265. Virgin miraculously prevents nun (monk) from deserting cloister. Ward II 634 No. 34, 636 Nos. 7, 41, 667 No. 13, 721 No. 17; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V265.1. V265.1. Image of Virgin tries in vain to keep nun from leaving convent. Crane Vitry 160 No. 60; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V266. V266. Virgin Mary converts a Jew. (Cf. V330.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V267. V267. Devotee of Virgin is comforted in the hour of death. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V268. V268. Miracles performed under protection of Virgin Mary. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V268.1. V268.1. Boy under protection of Virgin Mary pulled from well alive after a week. Irish myth: Cross.

V268.2. V268.2. Virgin Mary saves devotee from death in waves. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V268.3. V268.3. Virgin Mary destroys Moorish army besieging Constantinople. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V268.4. V268.4. Virgin Mary saves devotee‘s son from shipwreck. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V268.5. V268.5. Image of Virgin Mary works miracles. Irish myth: Cross.

V271. V271. Virgin Mary as foster mother. Type 710; *BP I 13ff.

V275. V275. Virgin Mary comforts repentant criminals. Ward II 603 No. 6, 606 No. 12, 610 No. 25, 618 No. 39, 648 No. 44; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V276. V276. Virgin Mary appears to erring man.

V276.1. V276.1. Virgin Mary appears to erring monk and exalts him to prayer. His prayers weave her a garment. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V276.2. V276.2. Virgin Mary appears and pardons monk who has been too overworked to pray to her. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V276.3. V276.3. Virgin Mary aids repentant slayer of priest. Priest is resurrected in order to forgive murderer and then is returned to tomb. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V277. V277. Virgin Mary appears to devotee.

V277.1. V277.1. Virgin Mary appears to devout nun with infant Jesus. The nun devoutly prayed to see Him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V281. V281. Devotee of Virgin Mary given present by her. Ward II 660 No. 28.

V282. V282. Stella Maris: Virgin Mary as protectress of sailors. Canney Revue de l’Histoire des Religions CXV (1937) 90ff.; Krappe Review of Religion (1948) 376ff.

V283. V283. Testament of Virgin Mary. Irish myth: *Cross.

V284. V284. During a flood the Virgin descends into the streets to save her image from the flood waters. U.S.: Baughman.

V290. V290. Other sacred persons. Irish myth: Cross.

V291. V291. Master poets (ollamhs) as sacred persons. Irish myth: *Cross.

V292. V292. The Apostles of Christ.

V292.1. V292.1. Appearance of the Apostles. Irish myth: Cross.

V292.2. V292.2. The Twelve Apostles of Ireland. Irish myth: *Cross.

V293. V293. Lepers as sacred persons. Irish myth: Cross.

V294. V294. The Pope. Irish myth: Cross.

V300--V399.

V300--V399. Religious beliefs.

V300. V300. Religious beliefs.

V310. V310. Particular dogmas.

V311. V311. Belief in the life to come. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 272b; Irish myth: *Cross.

V311.0.1. V311.0.1. Doctrine of immortality taught by druids. Irish myth: *Cross.

V311.1. V311.1. Man converted to belief in future life on deathbed. Feels sure nevertheless that nothing will come of it. Wesselski Bebel I 182 No. 32.

V311.2. V311.2. Dying man refuses to believe in life to come. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V311.3. V311.3. Given choice between life and heaven, person chooses latter. Irish myth: *Cross.

V312. V312. Belief in Immaculate Conception. (Cf. T510.) *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 272a; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V312.1. V312.1. Proclamation of dogma of Immaculate Conception stops plague. Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 552, 553.

V312.2. V312.2. Man miraculously dies for opposing dogma of Immaculate Conception. Attempt to disprove the dogma by false miracle. Sham dead man is to rise if the dogma is not true. He is found to be actually dead. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 554.

V313. V313. Last judgment. Jewish: Moreno Esdras, *Neuman.

V315. V315. Belief in the Atonement. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 48c; Jewish: *Neuman.

V315.1. V315.1. Power of repentance. Jewish: *Neuman.

V316. V316. Efficacy of prayer. Jewish: *Neuman.

V316.1. V316.1. “He that asks shall receive.” Hermit wants to prove truth of these words of the Gospel and asks for the hand of the princess. Performs the difficult task imposed upon him. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 779*; Russian: Andrejev No. 841I*.

V317. V317. The chosen people. Jewish: *Neuman.

V317.1. V317.1. Holy land. Jewish: *Neuman.

V320. V320. Heretics. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 251b; Irish myth: Cross.

V321. V321. Insane man burns heretic in his bed: restored to his senses as reward. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 47.

V322. V322. Heretical baptism. Heathen baptized into devil‘s possession. Irish myth: *Cross.

V323. V323. Atheists.

V323.1. V323.1. Epicureans regarded as atheists. Jewish: Neuman.

V325. V325. Baptismal water vanishes before Aryan bishop. Alphabet No. 95.

V326. V326. Hero renounces heaven because dead companions (heathen) are not there. Irish myth: *Cross.

V327. V327. Author of book against heretic honored by Virgin Mary and angels. Scala Celi 117b No. 652.

V328. V328. Man sets fire to his house and perishes in it rather than accept Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

V330. V330. Conversion from one religion to another. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics X 400--403.

V331. V331. Conversion to Christianity. (Cf. M177.1.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 555; Dickson 199 n. 89; Malone PMLA XLIII 413. -- Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 65, Beal XXI 325; Icelandic: *Boberg; English: Wells 88 (Roland and Vernagu); Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 178.

V331.0.1. V331.0.1. Druid converted to Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

V331.0.2. V331.0.2. Three (two) Irishmen who believed in Christianity before the coming of St. Patrick. (Cf. A1546.3.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V331.1. V331.1. Conversion to Christianity through miracle. Dickson 193--98 passim; Alphabet No. 558; Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 71, 74, Beal XXI 326; English: Wells 91 (Otuel), 119 (Octovian), *Hibbard 45ff.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

V331.1.1. V331.1.1. Conversion to Christianity by miracle of seeing blood flow from Jesus’ image. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V331.1.2. V331.1.2. Conversion to Christianity through appearance of the cross and angels. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V331.1.3. V331.1.3. Conversion to Christianity because the heathen gods prove to be less powerful. *Loomis White Magic 75.

V331.1.4. V331.1.4. Conversion because saint‘s staff miraculously goes through neophytes’ foot. Irish myth: *Cross.

V331.2. V331.2. Conversion to Christianity on pain of death. *Dickson 188 n. 64, 224; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V331.3. V331.3. Miraculous beautification upon conversion to Christianity. (Cf. D1860.) English: Wells 122 (The King of Tars).

V331.4. V331.4. Conversion to Christianity through repentance. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V331.5. V331.5. Conversion to Christianity through love. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

V331.6. V331.6. Conversion to Christianity out of gratitude. Ruler has captive baptize his sister and then marry her. Grateful for past kindnesses. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V331.7. V331.7. Saladin asks to be made a Christian knight. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V331.8. V331.8. Fairies converted to Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

V331.9. V331.9. Swans (transformed children) do not suffer in harsh weather after conversion to Christianity. Irish myth: *Cross.

V331.10. V331.10. Conversion to Christianity because of admiration for Christian virtue.

V331.10.1. V331.10.1. Conversion to Christianity through show of forgiveness and gentleness. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V332. V332. Baptism of heathen. *Thien Motive 40f.; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V336. V336. Conversion to Judaism. Jewish: *Neuman.

V340. V340. Miracle manifested to non-believers. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

V341. V341. Pagan sybil draws picture of Madonna and Child in sand. Result of vision. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 560.

V342. V342. Sign of cross intimidates Jews. Type 1709*.

V343. V343. Jews protesting against marriage of Jewess and Christian are struck dumb. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 52 No. 62.

V344. V344. Temple about to be taken over by pagans saved by appearance of a Sign of the Cross (image of the Virgin). Alphabet No. 708; *Crane Miraculis No. 20.

V345. V345. Dove flies out of man‘s mouth. Impious anchorite has agreed to forsake his religion in return for the possession of a maid. When he repents the dove reenters his mouth. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V346. V346. Skeptic kicked by sacrificial animal. India: Thompson-Balys.

V347. V347. Idols found on their faces after saint’s arrival. *Loomis White Magic 89; Irish myth: Cross.

V350. V350. Conflicts between religions. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V351. V351. Duel (debate) to prove which religion is better. Dickson 187 nn. 61, 62; English: Wells 88 (Roland and Vernagu), 91 (Otuel); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V351.1. V351.1. Wise heretic is vanquished in debate with a Christian. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V351.1.1. V351.1.1. Brahmin wins a discussion on religion. India: Thompson-Balys.

V351.2. V351.2. Unbeliever loses argument with hermit. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V351.3. V351.3. Magician overpowered in contest with a saint. *Loomis White Magic 75f.

V351.3.1. V351.3.1. Contest of St. Peter with Simon Magus, a magician. *Loomis White Magic 120.

V351.4. V351.4. Prayer-contest to prove which religion is better. Irish myth: *Cross.

V351.5. V351.5. Contest of miraculous powers between a Yogi and a Musselman. India: Thompson-Balys.

V352. V352. Pagan disputant with Christian stricken dumb. English: Wells 76 (Joseph of Aramathie); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V352.1. V352.1. Pagan disputant with Christian bested by the words put in his mouth by God. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V354. V354. Life of heroic age preferable to Christian living. Irish myth: *Cross.

V355. V355. Buddhists become slaves of Taoists because they cannot produce rain. Chinese: Werner 353.

V356. V356. Christian hero (saint) overthrows heathen idols. *Boje 82; *Toldo V 339; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

V356.1. V356.1. Saint dispels pagan devils from ancient shrines. *Loomis White Magic 115.

V356.2. V356.2. Pagan shrines and idols, or magic books destroyed by fire from heaven. *Loomis White Magic 35.

V356.2.1. V356.2.1. Heathen idols sink into earth up to their necks through power of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

V356.3. V356.3. Saint’s bachall pointed at idol defaces it. (Cf. V347.) Irish myth: Cross.

V360. V360. Christian and Jewish traditions about each other. *DeVooys Middelnederlandse Legenden en Exempelen (Den Haag, 1926) 199ff.

V361. V361. Christian child killed to furnish blood for Jewish rite. (Hugh of Lincoln.) (Cf. V254.7.) **V. Manzini La superstizione omicida e i sacrifici umani, con particolare riguardo alle accuse contro gli Ebrei (2d ed., Padua, 1930); **Berger Mйlusine VIII 169ff.; *Ward II 656 No. 3; *Brown PMLA XXI 486ff. -- English: Child III 240ff., IV 497a.

V362. V362. Plague from Jews’ poisoning wells. German: H. Rauchfuss Alte Geschichte u. neue Sagen aus Thuringen 60.

V363. V363. Jewish child thrown into oven by father for taking eucharist. Preserved by Virgin Mary. *Ward II 601; Irish myth: Cross (V35.1.0.1); Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V363.1. V363.1. Jewish child resurrected (saved by power of Virgin Mary) after being burned to ashes for eating consecrated bread in Christian church. Irish myth: *Cross.

V364. V364. A Christianized Jew becomes a priest. During Mass, he stabs the consecrated host, blood flows (cf. C55, J1261.2, V30). He kills the other priest who saw him commit the sacrilege, and before killing, forces him to renounce his faith. A miracle exposes the murderer. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3270, Legends Nos. 416ff.

V365. V365. Jewish traditions concerning non-Jews. Jewish: *Neuman.

V380. V380. Religious beliefs--miscellaneous.

V381. V381. Heathen beats his god because of misfortune. (Cf. V123.) *Boje 101; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 238 No. 185.

V382. V382. Doctor ridicules belief in Devil, Heaven, and Hell. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V383. V383. Religious fanaticism. Irish myth: Cross.

V383.1. V383.1. Prolonged prostration in worship causes death. Irish myth: Cross.

V383.2. V383.2. Hindu drinks water by mistake from Mohammedan‘s vessel: his fortune turns to evil. India: Thompson-Balys.

V385. V385. Romans won’t include Jesus in their pantheon because of his poverty which they hate. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V400--V449.

V400--V449. Religious virtues.

V400. V400. Charity. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 111c; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

V410. V410. Charity rewarded. Irish: O‘Suilleabhain 22, Beal XXI 307, 337; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 137, 200--204; Jewish: *Neuman.

V410.1. V410.1. Charity rewarded above prayer or hearing of masses. Irish: O’Suilleabhain 131; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 87 No. 756E*.

V410.2. V410.2. Prince‘s motto: charity conquers. India: *Thompson-Balys.

V411. V411. Miraculous reward for charities. India: Thompson-Balys.

V411.1. V411.1. Queen gives away a sleeve of her dress: miraculously restored. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 322.

V411.2. V411.2. Saint exchanges coat with beggar: gold sleeves miraculously appear. Herbert III 6; Crane Vitry 173 No. 92.

V411.3. V411.3. Man who has given all in charity has foot amputated: restored miraculously. Alphabet No. 81; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V411.4. V411.4. Stones turn to gold for charitable money-lender. Hence money borrowed for wedding is never refused by lenders. India: Thompson-Balys.

V411.5. V411.5. Treasure given away by saint miraculously restored. Irish myth: *Cross.

V411.5.1. V411.5.1. Man earns as much as he gave away for charity in his former life. India: Thompson-Balys.

V411.6. V411.6. Food given away by saint miraculously restored. Irish myth: *Cross.

V411.7. V411.7. Charitable king blows nose after having given to beggar. Huge ruby appears in his kerchief. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V411.8. V411.8. Jesus appears to St. Martin when he gives his cloak to beggar. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V411.9. V411.9. Charity miraculously repaid: flame settles on forehead. India: Thompson-Balys.

V412. V412. Miraculous manifestations during act of charity. *Ward III 7; *Crane Vitry Nos. 92, 94, 95.

V412.1. V412.1. Bread stolen by St. Nicholas for purpose of feeding poor is miraculously restored. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V412.2. V412.2. The more bread (flour) the monks give to the poor the more God places in their bins. (Cf. D1652.1.1.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V413. V413. Son’s acts of charity save his father‘s soul. English: Wells 175 (The Child of Bristowe).

V414. V414. Saint shares punishment of sinful man whose cloak he shared in life. Irish myth: Cross.

V415. V415. Children envious of money given by deceased father to bishop. In vision they take their father’s body up and find a quittance saying that he has received more than a hundredfold reward. Alphabet No. 302; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V416. V416. Act of charity obliterates sin.

V416.1. V416.1. Man convicted of cheating at his bookkeeping is excused when it is learned that he has given the money to the poor. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V420. V420. Reward of the uncharitable.

V421. V421. Shipman refuses alms: ship turned to stone. Alphabet No. 608.

V422. V422. Uncharitable knight drives bargain even in giving alms: devoured by serpents. His alms of corn turn to serpents. *Herbert III 334 No. 7, 340.

V425. V425. Uncharitable pope wanders after death. Alphabet No. 294.

V430. V430. Charity--miscellaneous motifs.

V431. V431. Charity of usurers ineffective. Alphabet Nos. 260, 754, 786, 789, 792; Irish: Beal XXI 337; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 213.

V432. V432. Man beggars self by charity. India: *Thompson-Balys.

V433. V433. Charity of saints. Irish myth: *Cross.

V434. V434. Conqueror restores kingship to king for charity. Irish myth: Cross.

V435. V435. Pious man charitable to man who has formerly refused him charity. India: Thompson-Balys.

V436. V436. Mendicant refuses to accept alms from barren woman. India: Thompson-Balys.

V437. V437. Saint repeatedly bestows father‘s goods upon the poor. Irish myth: Cross.

V438. V438. Merit for charity lost by asking work in return. India: Thompson-Balys.

V440. V440. Other religious virtues. Irish myth: Cross.

V441. V441. Forgiveness. Irish myth: Cross.

V441.1. V441.1. Saint heals enemy. Irish myth: *Cross.

V450--V499.

V450--V499. Religious orders.

V450. V450. Religious orders. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 384a, 389b; Irish myth: Cross.

V451. V451. First-born son and one of every ten born thereafter given to Church. Irish myth: Cross.

V453. V453. Levites as religious order. Jewish: *Neuman.

V460. V460. Clerical virtues and vices.

V461. V461. Clerical virtue. Irish myth: *Cross.

V461.1. V461.1. Obedient and industrious nun the worthiest in the convent. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 690; Alphabet No. 322; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V461.2. V461.2. Truthful monk refuses to cheat even for his order. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 111.

V461.3. V461.3. Chastity as clerical virtue. Irish myth: *Cross.

V461.4. V461.4. Submission as clerical virtue. Irish myth: Cross.

V461.4.1. V461.4.1. Truthfulness as clerical virtue. Irish myth: Cross.

V461.5. V461.5. Extended meditation as clerical virtue. Irish myth: Cross.

V461.6. V461.6. Monk lives where people speak ill of him to avoid danger of flattery. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V461.7. V461.7. Clerical virtue of absolute faith. Man captured by robbers is so confident that God will protect him that he is saved. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V461.8. V461.8. Poverty as saintly virtue. Irish myth: Cross.

V462. V462. Asceticism. *Loomis White Magic 111f.; *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 42b; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

V462.0.1. V462.0.1. Kingship renounced to become an ascetic. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

V462.0.2. V462.0.2. Since salvation is predestined, asceticism deemed useless. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.0.3. V462.0.3. Husband abandons wife to become ascetic. India: Thompson-Balys.

V462.0.4. V462.0.4. Murderer becomes ascetic. India: Thompson-Balys.

V462.1. V462.1. Maintaining silence as ascetic practice. Alphabet Nos. 709, 711, 712, 725; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 32; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V462.2. V462.2. Ascetic fasting. Alphabet Nos. 24, 145; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 170 No. 135; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

V462.2.1. V462.2.1. Ascetic faster increases his sufferings by placing food and drink before himself. Alphabet Nos. 22, 23; Scala Celi 4a No. 16; India: Thompson-Balys.

V462.2.2. V462.2.2. Person refuses to eat dainties. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.2.2.1. V462.2.2.1. Saint refuses pearls as alms and asks for food. India: Thompson-Balys.

V462.2.3. V462.2.3. Death from ascetic devotions. India: Thompson-Balys.

V462.3. V462.3. Ascetic weeping. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.4. V462.4. Asceticism: allowing self no repose. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.4.1. V462.4.1. Asceticism: cleric practices continual genuflexion. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.4.2. V462.4.2. Cross vigil. Cleric stands with hands extended in shape of cross. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.4.3. V462.4.3. Saint always extends one hand toward heaven while performing such acts as eating or reaping. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.5. V462.5. Ascetic cleric tortures his flesh. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.5.0.1. V462.5.0.1. Ascetic cleric prays to become diseased. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.5.1. V462.5.1. Ascetic cleric wears hair garment. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.5.1.1. V462.5.1.1. Saint never wears woolen clothing, but skins of wolves and other beasts. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.5.1.2. V462.5.1.2. Ascetic cleric sleeps (prays) with wet sheet (mantle) about him. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.5.2. V462.5.2. Ascetic cleric sleeps on stone. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.5.2.1. V462.5.2.1. Saint takes but little sleep. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.5.2.2. V462.5.2.2. Saint stands for seven years without sleep. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.6. V462.6. Ascetic cleric avoids listening to music. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.7. V462.7. Ascetic cleric never smiles. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.8. V462.8. Ascetic immersion. Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.8.1. V462.8.1. Saint confines himself in narrow pen during Lent. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.8.2. V462.8.2. Saint stands (asleep) while bird builds nest and hatches brood in his hand. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.9. V462.9. Ascetic cleric leads mendicant life. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.10. V462.10. Ascetic cleric lives for seven years on whale’s back. Irish myth: Cross.

V462.11. V462.11. Ascetic cleric renounces world (to become a herder). Irish myth: *Cross.

V462.12. V462.12. Monk refuses chance of having temptation removed since he considers it strengthening to have it ever present to test him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V462.13. V462.13. Evil ascetic misuses magic powers obtained through religious meditation. India: Thompson-Balys.

V462.14. V462.14. Boy takes twelve years to wash off ascetic‘s dirt. India: Thompson-Balys.

V463. V463. Religious martyrdom. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman

V463.1. V463.1. Cleric surrenders life that body may consecrate land. Irish myth: Cross.

V463.2. V463.2. First martyr: John the Baptist. Irish myth: Cross.

V464. V464. Self-torture to secure holiness. India: *Thompson-Balys:

V465. V465. Clerical vices.

V465.1. V465.1. Incontinence of clergy. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 113b, 136c; West Indies: Flowers 580.

V465.1.1. V465.1.1. Incontinent monk (priest). Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda

V465.1.1.1. V465.1.1.1. Monk seduces girl; then kills her; becomes infidel. *Chauvin VIII 128 No. 118; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V465.1.1.2. V465.1.1.2. Marriage of clerics. Irish myth: *Cross.

V465.1.2. V465.1.2. Incontinent nun. Irish myth: *Cross.

V465.1.2.1. V465.1.2.1. Nun hidden by abbess from pursuing knight betrays her own hiding place to him. Is afterwards abandoned. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 13; Crane Vitry 159 No. 58.

V465.1.2.2. V465.1.2.2. Nun tempted into sinning with man who tells her God can’t see things that happen in the dark. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V466. V466. Simony. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V466.1. V466.1. Pope guilty of simony. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V467. V467. Priest uses cook-book instead of breviary. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V468. V468. Priest is bribed into betraying the confessional. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V470. V470. Clerical vows. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 634a.

V471. V471. Taking clerical vows heals disease. Alphabet No. 783.

V472. V472. Clerical vows because of disappointment in love.

V472.1. V472.1. Man becomes hermit when he realizes selfishness of his beloved‘s love. (Cf. T93.2.) Heptameron No. 24.

V473. V473. Former monk refuses to take pay for his work, considering it as a religious act. India: Thompson-Balys.

V475. V475. Renunciation of clerical vows. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V475.1. V475.1. Monk who has left order punished (dies in torment). Alphabet Nos. 73, 784.

V475.2. V475.2. Monk who has left his order forgiven and miraculously reinstated. Alphabet No. 781.

V475.3. V475.3. Man who is disappointed with his religious order renounces his vow. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

V475.4. V475.4. Saint leaves his order because he is fond of music. India: Thompson-Balys.

V475.5. V475.5. Anchorite tempted by money to return to worldly life. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 807.

V500--V599.

V500--V599. Religious motifs--miscellaneous.

V510. V510. Religious visions. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 632b; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V510.1. V510.1. God speaks in vision to devotee. India: *Thompson-Balys.

V510.2. V510.2. Only man without sin can see God. India: Thompson-Balys.

V511. V511. Visions of the other world.

V511.1. V511.1. Visions of heaven. **Becker Medieval Visions of Heaven and Hell (Baltimore, 1899); **Ward II 396ff. passim; Alphabet No. 622, 743; Dickson 265; Scala Celi 66a, 138b Nos. 362, 777. -- Irish: *Cross, O’Suilleabhain 57, Beal XXI 322; English: Malory Morte D‘Arthur XV 3; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 105 No. 932; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman.

V511.1.1. V511.1.1. Saints have visions of heaven. *Toldo IV 49.

V511.1.2. V511.1.2. Vision of angels defending road to heaven against devils. Irish myth: Cross.

V511.2. V511.2. Visions of hell. *Becker (see V511.1); Alphabet No. 610; Dickson 265; Herbert III 25; **Ward II 386ff.; *Crane Vitry 260f. No. 289; Scala Celi 34b, 74a, 85b Nos. 195, 422, 497. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V511.2.1. V511.2.1. Vision of fires of hell. Irish myth: Cross.

V511.2.2. V511.2.2. Vision of gate of hell. Irish myth: Cross.

V511.2.3. V511.2.3. Girl sees vision of her mother in hell. She chooses to live the poor life of her father which leads to heaven. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V511.3. V511.3. Visions of purgatory. *Dickson 265 n. 87; *Loomis White Magic 116; Irish myth: *Cross.

V511.4. V511.4. Visions of Land of the Saints. Irish myth: *Cross.

V512. V512. Vision of judgment. Man sees his own soul being judged.

V512.1. V512.1. His faith into the balance. A clerk sees his good and evil deeds being weighed. He asks them to throw his faith in Christ (the Virgin) into the scale. He is saved. Ward II 651 No. 5; *Herbert III 471.

V512.2. V512.2. Man whose only good deed was unintentional sees this deed outweigh all his evil in the scales of judgment. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V513. V513. Saints have miraculous visions. Irish myth: Cross.

V513.1. V513.1. Saint incited (instructed) through vision. Irish myth: *Cross.

V513.2. V513.2. Vision of the earth in the devil‘s snares. Saint sees earth in snares. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

V514. V514. Non-religious visions. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

V515. V515. Allegorical visions. Irish myth: *Cross.

V515.1. V515.1. Allegorical visions--religious.

V515.1.1. V515.1.1. Vision of chairs (thrones) in heaven. Chairs of gold, silver, crystal (glass) assigned to saints according to merit. (Cf. A661.0.3.) Irish myth: *Cross.

V515.1.2. V515.1.2. Wife sees moon enter mouth of husband; husband sees star enter mouth of wife: famous child (saint) will be born. Irish myth: Cross.

V515.1.3. V515.1.3. Saint sees vision of flames covering Ireland quenched except for sparks; then great light appears, dispelling darkness. Flames are those of the faith brought by St. Patrick; they become less until restored by St. Columkill. Irish myth: Cross.

V515.1.3.1. V515.1.3.1. When shower falls, small stone becomes larger, large stone wastes away. Vision of present and future state of Irish church. Irish myth: Cross.

V515.1.3.2. V515.1.3.2. Vision in which swineherd sees yew tree upon a rock, with an oratory in front of it and angels ascending from it. Vision interpreted by druid as symbolizing founding of Cashel and the royal line of Munster. Irish myth: *Cross.

V515.1.4. V515.1.4. Constantine’s vision of the Cross. Irish myth: *Cross.

V515.1.5. V515.1.5. Vision of dry bones. Jewish: Neuman.

V515.2. V515.2. Allegorical visions--political. Irish myth: Cross.

V515.2.1. V515.2.1. Vision in which chieftain sees pair of gray seals that sucked at his two breasts. They are two of his allies who are being overpowered by invaders. Irish myth: Cross.

V515.2.1.1. V515.2.1.1. Vision in which king sees whelp reared by him gather dogs of Ireland and Britain against him but suffer death in battle at last. The whelp is one of king‘s two foster sons. Irish myth: Cross.

V515.2.2. V515.2.2. Vision in which saint foresees allegorically the ramifications of king’s family Irish myth: Cross.

V515.2.3. V515.2.3. Vision in which king sees his four sons changed into lion, greyhound, beagle, cur, which fight with alternating success, until lion subdues the other three. Irish myth: *Cross.

V516. V516. Vision of future. Jewish: Neuman.

V520. V520. Salvation. *Encyc. Rel. Ethics Index 517b; Irish myth: Cross.

V522. V522. Sinner reformed after visit to heaven and hell. Irish myth: Cross.

V523. V523. The only king ever saved in spite of himself. Irish myth: Cross.

V525. V525. Sinner who thinks of God saved; devotee who thinks of worldly things goes to hell. India: Thompson-Balys.

V526. V526. Worship of particular deity brings reward of birth in Brahma-world. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 13.

V530. V530. Pilgrimages. Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

V531. V531. Pilgrimage to Holy Land. Irish myth: Cross.

V531.1. V531.1. Pilgrimage to follow roads Christ walked. Irish myth: Cross.

V532. V532. Pilgrimage to Mecca. India: Thompson-Balys.

V533. V533. Pilgrimage to Benares. India: Thompson-Balys.

V535. V535. Pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Jewish: *Neuman.

V540. V540. Intervention of Providence saves person‘s life. (Cf. R341.)

V541. V541. Man is prevented from taking passage on ship which later sinks. U.S.: Baughman.

V542. V542. Man hears voice telling him to leave danger spot in mine. U.S.: *Baughman.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Traits of Character

W. TRAITS OF CHARACTER

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

W0--W99. Favorable traits of character

W0. Favorable traits of character

W10. Kindness

W20. Other favorable traits of character

W100--W199. Unfavorable traits of character

W100. Unfavorable traits of character

W110. Unfavorable traits of character--personal

W150. Unfavorable traits of character--social

W200--W299. Traits of character--miscellaneous

W200. Traits of character--miscellaneous

W.

W. TRAITS OF CHARACTER

W. W. Traits of character. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 359b s.v. “Charakter-motive”.

W0--W99.

W0--W99. Favorable traits of character.

W0. W0. Favorable traits of character. Jewish: *Neuman.

W2. W2. Good inclinations enter body at puberty. Jewish: Neuman.

W10. W10. Kindness. (Cf. Q40.) Missouri French: Carriиre; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman.

W10.1. W10.1. Saint never drives fly or gnat from his face. Irish myth: *Cross.

W10.2. W10.2. Saint gives calf to wolf. Irish myth: Cross.

W11. W11. Generosity. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. No. 200; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

W11.1. W11.1. Philanthropist will give his spurs if someone will drive his horse for him. He has given away his coat, etc. to beggars. One finally asks for his spurs. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 330.

W11.2. W11.2. Munificent monarch. India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg.

W11.2.1. W11.2.1. Emperor thinks day lost when he gives no gifts. Alphabet No. 443; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W11.2.2. W11.2.2. King will not eat breakfast till gifts are given. India: Thompson-Balys.

W11.3. W11.3. Man divides money into three parts: (1) for the poor, (2) for pilgrims, (3) for himself and family. Scala Celi 164a No. 921.

W11.4. W11.4. Man lets himself be sold as slave so as to practice generosity. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 429; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.4.1. W11.4.1. Brahmin steals to feed guests (deities). India: Thompson-Balys.

W11.5. W11.5. Generosity toward enemy. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Icelandic: Boberg.

W11.5.1. W11.5.1. Ruler pardons his enemies. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

W11.5.1.1. W11.5.1.1. Man pardons his assailants. They attack again and are killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.2. W11.5.2. Ruler pardons emissary who has come to murder him. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

W11.5.3. W11.5.3. Wronged knight conquers enemy and then pardons him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.4. W11.5.4. Conqueror returns defeated man’s wife and family to him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.5. W11.5.5. Conqueror spares city. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.6. W11.5.6. Ruler reproaches son for bringing him the head of his fallen enemy. Latter given honorable burial. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.7. W11.5.7. Man saved through intercession of enemy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.7.1. W11.5.7.1. Man pays fine for enemy who is falsely accused. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

W11.5.8. W11.5.8. Captor contributes to captive‘s ransom. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.9. W11.5.9. Warrior gives steed to his enemy. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.9.1. W11.5.9.1. Calumniated woman intercedes for accusers. (Cf. K2112.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.9.2. W11.5.9.2. Man’s life spared through the intercession of the daughter he has wronged. He has ordered her killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.5.10. W11.5.10. Champion grants requested boon of safe convoy to his enemies. Irish myth: *Cross.

W11.5.11. W11.5.11. Chieftain spares enemies whom he takes unawares (unarmed). Irish myth: *Cross.

W11.5.11.1. W11.5.11.1. Chieftain who takes king unawares, spares him on condition that chieftain be called “lover” by women of king‘s tribe. Irish myth: *Cross.

W11.5.12. W11.5.12. Hero in battle refuses to slay charioteers, women, or physicians. (Cf. C867.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

W11.6. W11.6. Ruler generously settles quarrel between loser and finder of money. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.7. W11.7. Nobleman’s generosity enables impoverished lover to entertain his lady. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.7.1. W11.7.1. Impoverished nobleman offers wife to ruler. Latter spares her honor and aids the couple. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.8. W11.8. General sends for king so that the latter may get credit for victory. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.9. W11.9. Prince donates all including a tooth. When he has nothing left he is asked for a gift. He allows man to extract a tooth from his mouth. (Father had offered reward to anyone persuading his son to have it extracted.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.10. W11.10. Ruler protects thief. Asks for the stolen plate and hides it so that it will not be found on the culprit. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.11. W11.11. Ruler rewards man who would curb him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.12. W11.12. The generous correction. Ruler asks treasurer to give man 200 crowns. Treasurer makes error and puts down 300. Ruler raises sum to 400. “I can‘t allow your pen to be more liberal than I.” Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

W11.12.1. W11.12.1. King rewards knight with large sum of money. Chancellor: “If you saw such a sum it would seem large to you.” King answers that it looks small and doubles it. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

W11.13. W11.13. Novel sign of death. It is the first time that what he has given away seems too much. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W11.14. W11.14. Youngest brother shares wealth with older brothers who foolishly lost theirs. (Cf. L31.) Africa (Jaunde): Heepe 262.

W11.15. W11.15. Generous person refuses no man anything. (Cf. C871.) Irish myth: *Cross.

W11.16. W11.16. Generous king gives away his only eye. Irish myth: *Cross.

W12. W12. Hospitality as a virtue. (Cf. P320.) Irish myth: Cross.

W12.1. W12.1. Man (king) prefers death to loss of reputation for hospitality. Irish myth: *Cross.

W12.2. W12.2. Man looks for strangers so as to bestow hospitality on them. Jewish: Neuman.

W15. W15. Woman shelters son’s murderer out of charity. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 86 No. 756D*; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

W15.1. W15.1. Murderer goes to victim‘s son and asks to be killed. The son aids him to escape. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W16. W16. Bishop exchanges places with prisoner so as to have him return to his mother. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W18. W18. Envious man sets out to kill one who is noted for his generosity. He is won over by the generosity of his intended victim. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

W20. W20. Other favorable traits of character.

W21. W21. Emperor friendly to everyone. Would act as he should like an emperor to act toward him if he were a common man. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 166.

W23. W23. Man never listens to scandal. Irish myth: *Cross.

W24. W24. Man speaks no evil. Irish myth: Cross.

W25. W25. Equanimity of the comedian. When he sees his house carried off by a flood, he fiddles the whole time. Type 944*.

W25.1. W25.1. Equanimity of the enslaved unfortunate. Does not complain when beset by a series of misfortunes. (Cf. N251.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W25.2. W25.2. Minister always says, “It is for the best,” when anything happens. India: Thompson-Balys.

W26. W26. Patience. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

W27. W27. Gratitude.

W27.1. W27.1. Man weeps with gratitude to God because He did not make him hideous as toad. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W28. W28. Self-sacrifice. Irish myth: Cross.

W28.1. W28.1. Woman drinks poison that son may be king. Irish myth: Cross.

W28.2. W28.2. Woman sacrifices life for son‘s honor. Irish myth: Cross.

W28.3. W28.3. Man leaps from vessel into jaws of sea-beast so as to save remaining passengers. Irish myth: Cross.

W28.4. W28.4. Saint threatens to take place of homicide in hell unless soul is released. Irish myth: Cross.

W31. W31. Obedience.

W32. W32. Bravery. Irish myth: *Cross.

W32.1. W32.1. King Richard leads host to victory by leaping his horse overboard. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W33. W33. Heroism. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

W33.1. W33.1. Badly wounded warrior continues fighting. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

W33.2. W33.2. Warrior refuses to delay battle in return for promise of long, happy life. Irish myth: Cross.

W34. W34. Loyalty. Irish myth: Cross.

W34.1. W34.1. Man constrained to flee with leader‘s fiancйe resists her blandishments. Irish myth: *Cross.

W34.2. W34.2. Loyal friends refuse to fight against disgraced comrade. (Cf. P310.) Irish myth: Cross.

W34.3. W34.3. Cowardly to leave battle while lord is alive. Irish myth: *Cross.

W34.4. W34.4. Fakir rewarded by prince with a life of luxury in city chooses to return to his monkey friends in jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

W35. W35. Justice. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman.

W35.1. W35.1. Man picked to judge bull-fight because he is “no fairer to his friend than to his foe.” Irish myth: Cross.

W35.2. W35.2. Upright judge refuses a bribe: he is responsible to a higher tribunal called Conscience. India: Thompson-Balys.

W37. W37. Conscientiousness.

W37.0.1. W37.0.1. Man never breaks his word. Irish myth: *Cross.

W37.1. W37.1. Oil well digger runs out of money, leaves the country, forgetting to tell his driller. He returns fifty years later, finds the driller still drilling away. U.S.: Baughman.

W37.2. W37.2. Man keeps promise to return to be eaten by tiger: let go without harm. India: Thompson-Balys.

W37.3. W37.3. Rabbi returns jewel found with bought ass. He had not paid for it. Jewish: Neuman.

W43. W43. Peacefulness. Jewish: *Neuman.

W45. W45. Honor.

W45.1. W45.1. Prostrate soldier asks his enemy to stab him in the chest instead of the back in order to save his honor. The captor frees him and the two become friends. Spanish: Childers.

W100--W199.

W100--W199. Unfavorable traits of character.

W100. W100. Unfavorable traits of character.

W110. W110. Unfavorable traits of character--personal.

W111. W111. Laziness. Types 368*, 675, 822, 843*, 1370*, 1405, 1454*, 1561, 1950; *Chauvin IX 33f. Nos. 25, 26; *Krappe Bulletin Hispanique XXXIX 30; Missouri French: Carriиre; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 175; West Indies: Flowers 581.

W111.1. W111.1. Contest in laziness. Each cites instances of his laziness. *Type 1950; *BP III 207; Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 21; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 261; Oesterley No. 91; Fb “doven” IV 102b.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: Thompson-Balys.

W111.1.1. W111.1.1. Man lets legs burn in fire rather than move them. Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 21; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 261; India: Thompson-Balys.

W111.1.1.1. W111.1.1.1. Man is burned to death because he is too lazy to put out spark. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

W111.1.1.2. W111.1.1.2. Lazy man’s belongings burn. He is too lazy to stop rats from playing with lighted candle. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W111.1.1.3. W111.1.1.3. Man too lazy to open eyes to see where fire is burning. India: Thompson-Balys.

W111.1.1.4. W111.1.1.4. Three lazy beggars burn alive rather than run away from burning castle. India: Thompson-Balys.

W111.1.1.5. W111.1.1.5. Mother calls to daughter to tell her that she (daughter) is standing on a live coal. The daughter asks which foot the coal is under. U.S.: Baughman.

W111.1.2. W111.1.2. Man will not lift knife to cut rope about to hang him. Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 21; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 261.

W111.1.3. W111.1.3. Man will not move in bed when water drops in his eyes. Wesselski Mдrchen 213 No. 21; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W111.1.4. W111.1.4. Man so lazy that he will not wipe his running nose. This causes him to lose prospective bride. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W111.1.5. W111.1.5. Man floating in river too lazy to drink. His voice is damaged. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W111.1.6. W111.1.6. Man too lazy to pick up berries (dates). India: *Thompson-Balys.

W111.2. W111.2. The lazy servant. India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 581.

W111.2.0.1. W111.2.0.1. Lazy servant gets others to perform his duties.

W111.2.1. W111.2.1. Servant to call his master at daybreak: looks into dark closet to see if it is yet light. They sleep till noon. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 263.

W111.2.2. W111.2.2. Servant to close door at night: leaves it open so that he will not have to open it next morning. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 54 No. 47; *Crane Vitry 216 No. 204.

W111.2.3. W111.2.3. “If it is day, give me food; if it is night, let me sleep.” The master has told the servant to go to work. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 54 No. 47.

W111.2.4. W111.2.4. Boy to see whether it is raining: calls dog (cat) in and feels of his paws. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 54 No. 47; *Crane Vitry 216 No. 204; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W111.2.5. W111.2.5. Boy to see whether there is fire in the house: feels of cat to see if she is warm. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 54 No. 47; *Crane Vitry 216 No. 204.

W111.2.6. W111.2.6. The boy eats breakfast, dinner, and supper one immediately after the other; then lies down to sleep. *Type 1561.

W111.2.7. W111.2.7. Lazy boy always says that it is raining. The peasant and the boy sleep during the rain in the hay barn. When the peasant asks, the boy always says that it is still raining. Type 1560**.

W111.2.8. W111.2.8. Lazy boy says he cannot walk. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

W111.2.9. W111.2.9. Servant tells master to cover his face: no need to put out lamp. India: *Thompson-Balys.

W111.3. W111.3. The lazy wife.

W111.3.1. W111.3.1. Lazy wife in soiled dress thinks husband is bringing her a new dress from market. He is bringing a goose. Type 1371*.

W111.3.2. W111.3.2. Cat beaten for not working. Lazy wife must hold cat and is scratched. Type 1370*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1370.

W111.3.3. W111.3.3. Lazy wife throws bread out of window instead of putting it back into oven. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 126 No. 1389.

W111.3.4. W111.3.4. Why he beats her. Lazy wife beaten by husband maintains that she has done nothing. That is why he is beating her. Wesselski Bebel I 206 No 90.

W111.3.5. W111.3.5. Wife too lazy to spin. Supposed dead husband comes back to life and gives his wife a beating, because there was no shirt even in the event of death. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1370B*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1370B*.

W111.3.6. W111.3.6. “Who will not work, shall not eat.” Idle daughter-in-law learns work. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1370A*.

W111.4. W111.4. Lazy husband. Fansler MAFLS XII 236.

W111.5. W111.5. Other lazy persons. Chinese: Graham.

W111.5.1. W111.5.1. Lazy mother given shoes of cotton; son knows that she will not wear them out. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 204 No. 406.

W111.5.2. W111.5.2. Lazy girl does not know where the spring is. Type 1453*.

W111.5.3. W111.5.3. Lazy man asked direction only points with his foot. *Dh II 115ff.; England: Baughman.

W111.5.4. W111.5.4. Lazy dog wakes only for his meals. Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 381), 126 (ST 348); Halm Aesop No. 413.

W111.5.5. W111.5.5. Man in mud too lazy to take hand extended to help him up. Scala Celi 5a No. 26.

W111.5.6. W111.5.6. Lazy son-in-law: afraid of a dog. India: Thompson-Balys.

W111.5.7. W111.5.7. Ruler is too lazy to stop quarrels. They lead to his death. Italian Novella: Rotunda (W111.6).

W111.5.8. W111.5.8. Man with stolen fig in his mouth submits to having cheek lanced rather than open his mouth. (Cf. J1842.2.) Italian Novella: Rotunda (W111.7).

W111.5.8.1. W111.5.8.1. Man is so lazy that he starves rather than open his mouth for food to fall in when it falls from trees. U.S.: Baughman.

W111.5.9. W111.5.9. Learning a trade in bed. Working independently, the lazy fellow spoils the materials received--starts making something big, which at the end turns to nothing. For example, begins with forging a plough: this becomes an axe, the axe a knife, and knife a needle, the needle--nothing. (Cf. J2080.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2446*.

W111.5.10. W111.5.10. Lazy man asks if wood is split before he accepts it as a gift. U.S.: Baughman.

W111.5.10.1. W111.5.10.1. Lazy man is being taken to poorhouse or out of town or to cemetery to be buried alive. The group take pity on him, offer him various articles to help him get started again. One offers a bushel of corn. The lazy one rises up from the bottom of the wagon or coffin where he has been lying: “Is the corn shelled?” Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

W111.5.11. W111.5.11. Lazy man misses seeing the sheriff‘s funeral; he is facing the wrong way as the procession passes. U.S.: Baughman.

W111.5.12. W111.5.12. Man digs three potatoes in one day: one dug, one being dug, one about to be dug. U.S.: Baughman.

W111.5.13. W111.5.13. Man weeds garden from cushioned rocking chair, using fire tongs to reach weeds. U.S.: Baughman.

W115. W115. Slovenliness. (Cf. Q322.)

W115.1. W115.1. The slovenly fiancйe. Type 1453**.

W115.2. W115.2. Woman becomes clean only after three washings and the use of three pounds of soap. Type 1447*.

W115.3. W115.3. Rancher is not recognized by his wife and family after he has cleaned up in town at hotel. U.S.: Baughman.

W116. W116. Vanity. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.1. W116.1. Old woman reaches town before vain fop who stops to adjust clothes. India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.2. W116.2. Expenditure of money for vanity. India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.3. W116.3. Plain people made rulers have vain display. India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.4. W116.4. Peacock admires self in mirror. India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.5. W116.5. Wasp seeking fame stings courtiers: killed. India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.6. W116.6. Wealthy man pretends enjoyment of good music. Told when to applaud. India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.7. W116.7. Use of strange language to show one’s high education. India: Thompson-Balys.

W116.8. W116.8. Jackal forces all animals who come to drink to praise him like a king. India: *Thompson-Balys.

W117. W117. Boastfulness.

W117.1. W117.1. Neglected wife given trifle boasts of it. India: Thompson-Balys.

W121. W121. Cowardice. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Icelandic: *Boberg.

W121.1. W121.1. Hunter wants to be shown lion tracks, not lion himself. Wienert FFC LVI 67 (ET 314), 101 (ST 143); Halm Aesop No. 114.

W121.2. W121.2. Coward boasts when there is no danger. (Cf. J974, J978.)

W121.2.1. W121.2.1. Ass insults dying lion. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 166), 112 (ST 233); Jacobs Aesop 202 No. 9; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W121.2.2. W121.2.2. Fox insults caged lion. Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 160), 112 (ST 232); Halm Aesop No. 40.

W121.2.3. W121.2.3. Crow sits on sheep’s back; afraid to sit on dog‘s. Wienert FFC LVI 55 (ET 154), 106 (ST 188).

W121.2.4. W121.2.4. Dogs tear up lion skin: fear living lion. Wienert FFC LVI 55 (ET 153), 112 (ST 235); Halm Aesop No. 219.

W121.2.5. W121.2.5. Coward gloats over robber slain by another person. Wienert FFC LVI 82 (ET 483), 101, 126 (ST 144, 350).

W121.2.6. W121.2.6. Monkey safe in tree insults gorilla as “broken face”. Africa (Fang): Nassau 233 No. 1.

W121.3. W121.3. Cowardly soldier turns back when he hears raven’s croak. Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 385), 137 (ST 425); Halm Aesop No. 379.

W121.4. W121.4. Queen mother shames cowardly son and companions. “In truth, gentlemen, you do well in weeping; for since you didn‘t fight like men to defend your land, it is suitable that now you weep like women on leaving it.” Spanish: Childers.

W121.5. W121.5. Cowardly spider rushes at fly but hides when wasp appears. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W121.6. W121.6. Coward gives his purse to thief with lame excuse. India: Thompson-Balys.

W121.7. W121.7. Cowardly bridegroom flees elephant and loses bride. India: Thompson-Balys.

W121.8. W121.8. Illness from fear. India: Thompson-Balys.

W121.8.1. W121.8.1. Swooning from cowardice. India: Thompson-Balys.

W123. W123. Indecision. (Cf. J1040.) West Indies: Flowers 581.

W123.1. W123.1. The man who only tasted wine. Will not drink but gets drunk nevertheless by frequent tasting. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 246.

W125. W125. Gluttony. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 67.

W125.1. W125.1. Greedy animal eats poisoned fruit in spite of warning. India: Thompson-Balys.

W125.2. W125.2. Gluttonous wife eats all the meal while cooking it. India: *Thompson-Balys.

W125.3. W125.3. New son-in-law given choice of meals eats all. India: Thompson-Balys.

W125.4. W125.4. Pupil eats cakes given as alms for his master. India: Thompson-Balys.

W125.5. W125.5. Husband eats wife’s share of food as well as his own. India: *Thompson-Balys.

W126. W126. Disobedience. Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman.

W126.1. W126.1. Monk obedient only as long as work is agreeable. Always says that unpleasant work is beneath his dignity. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 367.

W127. W127. Petulance. Irish myth: Cross.

W128. W128. Dissatisfaction. Irish myth: *Cross.

W128.1. W128.1. Hog tired of his daily food. Goes to the judge and gets better food assigned to him, but the fox cheats him out of it. Type 211*.

W128.2. W128.2. Dissatisfied fox. In kingdom of lions laments that he always gets the worst bits of food. *Wienert FFC LVI 34.

W128.3. W128.3. Dissatisfied rivers complain against sea. Say that it makes their water unusable. Wienert FFC LVI *75 (ET 408), 125 (ST 344); Halm Aesop No 380.

W128.4. W128.4. Peacock dissatisfied with his voice. Wienert FFC LVI 78 (ET 441), 133 (ST 388).

W128.5. W128.5. Monk dissatisfied with things as he has them is admonished to take what he receives from God. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W128.6. W128.6. Sparrow dissatisfied with pond water wants to go to sea. India: Thompson-Balys.

W131. W131. Profligacy. India: Thompson-Balys.

W131.1. W131.1. Profligate wastes entire fortune before beginning his own adventures. *Chauvin V 77 No. 22 n. 1.

W133. W133. Inconsistency.

W133.1. W133.1. Prince penalizes cursing, although he himself curses. Wesselski Bebel I 167 No. 2.

W133.2. W133.2. Woman admires marvelous shot of hero which kills deer, but angers him when she begs mercy for the deer. Fischer-Bolte 203ff.

W136. W136. False modesty.

W136.1. W136.1. Look! look! she cries from the barrel. A nobleman has arranged for a peasant girl to become his mistress. When he comes to take her away he cannot find her. Disappointed, he is about to depart when the girl, who has hidden in a barrel, calls out “Look!” She really wants to be found. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 13.

W137. W137. Curiosity. Missouri French: Carriиre; Jewish: *Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

W141. W141. Talkativeness. Jewish: Neuman.

W150. W150. Unfavorable traits of character--social.

W151. W151. Greed. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; Icelandic: *Boberg; West Indies: Flowers 582.

W151.0.1. W151.0.1. Cauldron of greed. Irish myth: *Cross

W151.1. W151.1. Harlot weeps when her impoverished lover leaves her to think that she has left him his coat. *Crane Vitry 214 No. 200; Herbert III 16; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 10; Scala Celi 87b No. 512; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W151.2. W151.2. Visiting friends take everything from house of dying man. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 496.

W151.2.1. W151.2.1. Visitors of sick stag eat up all his provisions so that he starves. Wienert FFC LVI *60 (ET 227), 122 (ST 311); Halm Aesop No. 131.

W151.2.2. W151.2.2. Hospitable man impoverished by greedy guests. Irish myth: *Cross.

W151.3. W151.3. Wolves devour an ox without leaving a share for the rightful owner. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 495.

W151.4. W151.4. Snake and weasel stop fighting in order to catch mouse. Wienert FFC LVI 49 (ET 80), 134 (ST 396); Halm Aesop No. 345.

W151.5. W151.5. Father-in-law sued for breach of contract because he does not die in two years as he has predicted. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 49.

W151.6. W151.6. Hog with broken leg refuses to tell another where peas are to be found. “I intend to go there myself as soon as I get well again.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 215*.

W151.7. W151.7. Eats up the money. Old man before dying eats his money. In church, son wants to cut corpse open and get the money. The devil: “Don‘t spoil the skin.” Shakes money out of the corpse’s throat and takes the skin. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3621, Legends No. 638.

W151.8. W151.8. Thieves quarrel over booty: owner comes. (Cf. J2136.5.2.) India: Thompson-Balys.

W151.9. W151.9. Greedy person (animal) gets hand (head) stuck in food jar. India: *Thompson-Balys.

W151.10. W151.10. Greedy man tries to stuff food into his nostrils as well as into his mouth. Africa (Fang): Tessman 140.

W152. W152. Stinginess. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W152.1. W152.1. Fox spoils his food rather than divide with ape. Wienert FFC LVI 58 (ET 193), 133 (ST 393).

W152.2. W152.2. Man had rather be burned alive than to share food with a guest. Penzer V 165ff.

W152.3. W152.3. Stingy dead woman raises her head to correct account of laundress, who is overcharging her daughter. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 128 No. 1482.

W152.4. W152.4. Stingy man forced to share his money when he lies and says he has none. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 707.

W152.5. W152.5. Stingy woman will not give soup to man until she spills it. Then she says he may have the soup. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 321.

W152.6. W152.6. Stingy king will not hire soldiers: defeated. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 181.

W152.7. W152.7. Spider in stingy woman‘s house grows thin. Type 286*.

W152.8. W152.8. Stingy horse refuses ass little feed, though he promises much for later time. Wienert FFC LVI *58 (ET 196), 133 (ST 394); Hervieux II 142.

W152.9. W152.9. Stingy man cancels invitations to his guests. “It is better that they speak ill of me on an empty stomach than on a full one.” Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W152.10. W152.10. Drummer drums for own wedding so as to save expense. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 49.

W152.11. W152.11. Stingy men love possessions so much that they wear out their feet to save shoes. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W152.12. W152.12. Stingy man and his servants. India: Thompson-Balys.

W152.12.1. W152.12.1. Farmer gets help up early in morning for a light breakfast: a glass of water and a lantern. Canada: Baughman.

W152.12.2. W152.12.2. Stingy farmer encourages help by promise of hot lunch. The servant discovers that the hot lunch is a mustard sandwich. Canada: Baughman.

W152.12.3. W152.12.3. Master insists that maid whistle when she brings in the dessert. He is afraid she will eat the raisins out of the cakes. U.S.: Baughman.

W152.12.4. W152.12.4. Master insists that servants whistle as they pick strawberries so that they cannot eat any. U.S.: Baughman.

W152.13. W152.13. The stingy man and his animals.

W152.13.1. W152.13.1. A stranger notices that man’s cows need feed, feeds them. They die of the shock of being fed. U.S.: Baughman.

W152.14. W152.14. Man who insists on using everything that is useful.

W152.14.1. W152.14.1. Man finds a bunghole lying around loose, has cooper build a barrel around it. U.S.: Baughman.

W152.14.2. W152.14.2. Man saves sausage skins, sends them back for refilling. U.S.: Baughman.

W152.15. W152.15. Stingy man does not eat butter; only looks at it and enjoys the thought. India: Thompson-Balys.

W152.16. W152.16. Wife of stingy man prays that her husband become sick so that she can get better food. India: Thompson-Balys.

W152.17. W152.17. Wife keeps half of the money she plans to give for a shrine. India: Thompson-Balys.

W153. W153. Miserliness. Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W153.1. W153.1. Miser’s heart found in his strong-box. Chauvin II 152 No. 14.

W153.2. W153.2. Miserly husband spies on wife to see that she does not eat too much. Gets burned in the chimney and beaten in the bed where he hides. Type 1407; U.S.: Baughman.

W153.2.1. W153.2.1. Miserly husband spies on wife, lest she cook too much. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.3. W153.3. Miserly wife exposed to guests by her husband. Russian: Andrejev No. 1454.

W153.4. W153.4. Man is so miserly that he never drinks wine until it becomes strong. Gets full benefit from it. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.5. W153.5. Friar so miserly that he stays in ditch three days before “lending” a hand to his rescuers. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.6. W153.6. Miser dreams that he spends some money. Strangles himself in his sleep. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.7. W153.7. Miser decides not to commit suicide. Does not want the expense of a rope. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.7.1. W153.7.1. Miser is given rope to hang himself. Miser annoys merchant so much over the price of a rope that the latter gives it to him provided he will hang himself as he plans to do. Spanish: Childers.

W153.8. W153.8. Miser appoints himself as the sole heir of his own estate. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.9. W153.9. Miser decides to kill his pigs himself. Refuses to pay fee. Chain of circumstances make it infinitely more expensive. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.10. W153.10. Miser is rebuked by friend. “You get no benefit from your wealth.” Proves his folly. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.11. W153.11. Miser dies because he will not buy a candle. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.11.1. W153.11.1. Dying miser tells son to extinguish candle just as soon as he dies. Spanish: Childers.

W153.11.2. W153.11.2. Miser runs back home to put out lamp left burning. India: Thompson-Balys.

W153.12. W153.12. Miser is kidnapped and held for ransom. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W153.13. W153.13. Wood dealer prays for raja‘s death so that he can sell sandal wood for funeral pyre. India: Thompson-Balys.

W153.14. W153.14. Miser tries to reduce sacrifice promised to god. India: *Thompson-Balys.

W153.15. W153.15. Miser prays to enter heaven with his clothes on: gold coins sewn into undergarments. India: Thompson-Balys.

W154. W154. Ingratitude. Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W154.1. W154.1. Man dismissed after years of service with a pittance. *Type 592; BP II 490ff.

W154.1.1. W154.1.1. Usurer’s ingratitude toward servant. Dismisses him and charges him for a rope which he had cut while saving the usurer from hanging. Spanish: Childers.

W154.2. W154.2. Monster ungrateful for rescue. *Type 426; BP II 420; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W154.2.1. W154.2.1. Rescued animal threatens rescuer. *Type 155; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W154.2.2. W154.2.2. Man ungrateful for rescue by animal. India: *Thompson-Balys.

W154.3. W154.3. Crane pulls bone from wolf‘s throat: wolf refuses payment. “That you were allowed to take your beak from my throat is payment enough.” (Cf. B382.) *Type 76; *Crane Vitry 192 No. 136; *Wienert FFC LVI 54 n. 3 (ET 145), 147 (ST 517); Halm Aesop No. 276; Jacobs Aesop 200 No. 5. -- Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W154.3.1. W154.3.1. Lion rescued from net by rat: eats rat. Cf. Type 75. Italian Novella: Rotunda; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 86, (Kaffir): Kidd 243 No. 10 (lion and gazelle); West Indies: Flowers 582.

W154.3.2. W154.3.2. Tiger has thorn pulled by man: attacks man. India: Thompson-Balys.

W154.4. W154.4. Hunter beats dog which has grown old in his service. Wienert FFC LVI 73 (ET 380), 89 (ST 14); Spanish Exempla: Keller. Cf. Type 101.

W154.5. W154.5. Dog tries to bite man rescuing him from well. Wienert FFC LVI 72 (ET 370), 147 (ST 523); Halm Aesop No. 192.

W154.5.1. W154.5.1. Ungrateful fox hits with tail the man who carries him across stream. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W154.5.1.1. W154.5.1.1. Man kills whale which carried him home across sea. Tonga: Gifford 142.

W154.5.1.2. W154.5.1.2. Man who has been rescued from pit tries to kill his monkey rescuer for food. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 472f.

W154.5.1.3. W154.5.1.3. Ungrateful ape plucks feathers from heron who has carried him across water. Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 34.

W154.6. W154.6. Ungrateful wanderer pulls nut tree to pieces to get the nuts. Wienert FFC LVI *74 (ET 394), 147 (ST 520); Halm Aesop No. 188.

W154.7. W154.7. Wanderers in shade of plane tree blame it for not bearing fruit. Wienert FFC LVI *74 (ET 396), 147 (ST 519); Halm Aesop No. 313.

W154.8. W154.8. Grateful animals; ungrateful man. A traveler saves a monkey, a snake, a tiger, and a jeweler from a pit. The monkey gives him fruit; the tiger a necklace of a princess he has killed. The jeweler accuses the rescuer before the king. The serpent saves him by biting the prince and then showing the man the proper remedy. *Type 160; Chauvin II 106 No. 71; *Penzer V 157 n. 1; Cosquin Йtudes 22ff.; Moe Samlede Skrifter I 192ff.; *BP IV 139; *Wesselski Theorie 82ff.; *Oesterley No. 119; Fb “ulvgrav”; Bшdker Exempler 304 No. 25.--Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas@2 IV 51, 277, Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IX 385f. Nos. 103, 104, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 163 No. 32, (Zanzibar): Bateman 81ff. No. 6.

W154.9. W154.9. Man rescued from drowning kills rescuer. Oceanic: Dixon 193 nn. 20--25.

W154.9.1. W154.9.1. Whales rescue drowning king who planned to kill them. Polynesia: Beckwith Myth 502--05; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/912).

W154.10. W154.10. Snake kills ungrateful tamer. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 33 No. 19.

W154.11. W154.11. Tiger returns rope to former captor: rewarded by having tail cut off. India: Thompson-Balys.

W154.12. W154.12. Man kills his rescuer in order to collect reward. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W154.12.1. W154.12.1. Knight is ungrateful for rescue in battle. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W154.12.2. W154.12.2. Ungrateful Brahmin brings his wild goose rescuer to king as remedy against leprosy. India: Thompson-Balys.

W154.12.3. W154.12.3. Ungrateful brothers plot against rescuer. *Types 550, 551.

W154.13. W154.13. Benefactor falsely accused of theft by ungrateful youth. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W154.14. W154.14. Woman who saves suitor from death is later condemned to die by the ingrate. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W154.15. W154.15. Kind magistrate is victim of ingratitude. Gives lawbreaker a light sentence. The latter seduces the magistrate’s wife. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W154.16. W154.16. Ruler persecutes his friends and is kind to his enemies. Is killed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W154.17. W154.17. Man beheads rescuer for leaving him so long in pain. Irish myth: Cross.

W154.18. W154.18. Man ungrateful for life saved because rescuer helped others also. Irish myth: Cross.

W154.19. W154.19. Ungrateful Jew steals horse of Christian who has lent it to him. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W154.20. W154.20. Man beats people bearing him gifts. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W154.21. W154.21. Workers (builder) killed when secret building or grave is finished. (Cf. W181.2.) Krappe “Les funйrailles d‘Alaric” Annuaire de l’institut de philologie et d‘histoire orientales et slaves VII (1939--44) 229ff.

W154.22. W154.22. Person compared to nettle, which stings the hand that protects it. Irish myth: *Cross.

W154.23. W154.23. Ingratitude from ignorance. India: Thompson-Balys.

W154.24. W154.24. Man fails to feed his animal rescuer. India: Thompson-Balys.

W154.25. W154.25. Man sets dogs onto bear after bear has carried him home to safety. India: Thompson-Balys.

W154.26. W154.26. Man demands ever larger gifts.

W154.26.1. W154.26.1. Man trades an egg for a needle, demands treat of a gill of rum, the traditional reward for traders. The storekeeper gives him the rum; he asks for an egg in it. The storekeeper breaks an egg (the one he has just traded the needle for) into the rum. It has two yolks; the trader asks for two needles. U.S.: Baughman.

W154.27. W154.27. Man works his horses to death, then complains that borrowed horse overeats. U.S.: Baughman.

W154.28. W154.28. Wizard makes pupil think himself Emperor and exposes pupil’s ingratitude. Herbert III 94, 431, 536; Chauvin II 150.

W155. W155. Hardness of heart. England, U.S.: Baughman; West Indies: Flowers 583.

W155.1. W155.1. Hardhearted horse allows ass to be overburdened until it is crushed. Horse must then assume the load. Wienert FFC LVI *56 (ET 170), 144 (ST 397); Halm Aesop No. 177.

W155.1.1. W155.1.1. Old bullock deserted and left to die. India: Thompson-Balys.

W155.1.2. W155.1.2. Man overloads and starves camel. India: Thompson-Balys.

W155.2. W155.2. Man helping another across stream drops him when he learns that he has lost his high position. Jaworskij Der Urquell II 195.

W155.3. W155.3. Man unable to weep for hardness of heart. Irish myth: *Cross.

W155.4. W155.4. Hardhearted person refuses reprieve for father’s murderers. Irish myth: Cross.

W155.5. W155.5. Permission refused to drink from water tank. India: Thompson-Balys.

W156. W156. The dog in the manger. Has no use for the manger but refuses to give it up to the horse. Wienert FFC LVI 54, 58 (ET 142, 195), 132, 147 (ST 385, 518); Halm Aesop No. 228; Phaedrus I No. 19; Hervieux II 11; Herbert III 14; Crane Vitry 201 No. 161; Jacobs Aesop 209 No. 40.

W157. W157. Dishonesty. Irish: Beal XXI 327, O‘Suilleabhain 75; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.

W157.1. W157.1. Priest uses fortune dishonestly made to erect monuments to himself. Wesselski Bebel I 171 No. 10.

W158. W158. Inhospitality. (Cf. Q292.) Irish myth: *Cross.

W161. W161. Love of publicity.

W161.1. W161.1. Three envoys debate as to which of them should be received with the greatest honor. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W165. W165. False pride. Son ashamed of his peasant father who brings him money. Father disinherits him. (Cf. Q331.) *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 643; U.S.: Baughman.

W165.1. W165.1. Humble man after speaking to king disdains his own family. India: Thompson-Balys.

W165.2. W165.2. Ass after associating with lion disdains his own family. India: Thompson-Balys.

W167. W167. Stubbornness. Grimm No. 3 (Type 710); U.S.: Baughman.

W167.1. W167.1. Two stubborn goats meet each other on a bridge. Neither will step aside; both fall into water. Type 202*; Wienert FFC LVI 56 (ET 171).

W167.2. W167.2. Woman’s stubbornness causes loss of chance to go on pilgrimage. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W171. W171. Two-facedness.

W171.1. W171.1. Man winks both at buyer and seller. He tries to appear friendly to both. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 491.

W175. W175. Changeableness. Wienert FFC LVI 134.

W175.1. W175.1. Sister gives due honor and regard to brother only in times of his prosperity. India: Thompson-Balys.

W181. W181. Jealousy. Irish myth: *Cross; Missouri French: Carriиre; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 142--45.

W181.1. W181.1. Sheep jealous of dog because he does nothing. Do not consider that he guards the flock. Wienert FFC LVI *58 (ET 197), 132 (ST 386); Halm Aesop No. 317.

W181.2. W181.2. King kills architect after completion of great building, so that he may never again build one so great. (Cf. S161.0.1, W154.21.) Wesselski Theorie 15; Ireland, England: Baughman.

W181.2.1. W181.2.1. Architect kills pupil who has surpassed him in skill. England: *Baughman.

W181.2.2. W181.2.2. Architect commits suicide when he discovers that his pupil has surpassed him in skill. England: Baughman.

W181.3. W181.3. Raven wants to be as white as a swan. Wienert FFC LVI *46 (ET 49), 90 (ST 26); Halm Aesop No. 206.

W181.4. W181.4. Jealous fox betrays wolf to peasant and then appropriates wolf‘s cave and food. Peasant kills him in a few days. Wienert FFC LVI 58 (ET 194), 132, 139 (ST 383, 453).

W181.5. W181.5. Raven jealous of partridge’s way of flying. Wienert FFC LVI 46 (ET 50), 90 (ST 25).

W181.6. W181.6. Jealousy of Venus in the love of Psyche and Cupid. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W181.7. W181.7. Ruler who is jealous of his subjects‘ happiness prohibits their games. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W182. W182. The crying child. He stops crying so that after a rest he can cry louder than ever. *Crane Vitry 265 No. 300; Herbert III 13 No. 85; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 594; Scala Celi 158b No. 892.

W185. W185. Violence of temper. Jewish: *Neuman.

W185.1. W185.1. Man demonstrates his violence of temper. He overhears a man tell of his temper. In anger he enters and demands to know when he has ever lost his temper. Penzer V 90f.

W185.2. W185.2. Prayer that overbearing knight’s illness be increased. A little sickness has made him kind; more may make him kinder. Crane Vitry 48 No. 103; Mensa Philosophica No. 143.

W185.3. W185.3. Temper lost from reading history. Man so angered that he refuses to pay his workmen. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

W185.4. W185.4. Monk loses temper at cup and breaks it. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W185.5. W185.5. Violence of judge‘s temper leads him to have men given death sentence unjustly. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

W185.6. W185.6. Insult worse than wound. The lion to the man: “The wound has healed, but the pain of harsh words still remains.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 161*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 159IV*; India: Thompson-Balys.

W187. W187. Insolence. Irish myth: Cross.

W188. W188. Contentiousness. (Cf. Q300.) Irish myth: *Cross.

W193. W193. Extortion.

W193.1. W193.1. Man extorts large price for betel leaf from addict. India: Thompson-Balys.

W195. W195. Envy. (Cf. Q302.)

W195.1. W195.1. Goose and turkey envious of peacock point out its ugly legs and voice. India: Thompson-Balys.

W196. W196. Lack of patience. U.S.: Baughman.

W200--W299.

W200--W299. Traits of character--miscellaneous.

W200. W200. Traits of character--miscellaneous.

W211. W211. Active imagination.

W211.1. W211.1. The boy: “If I had one and then got two more, I should have three.” Type 2411.

W211.2. W211.2. “I surely saw a hundred wolves (snakes).”--“There weren’t so many as that.”--“Well, what made the noise in the bushes?” Type 2009*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1863*; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV No. 2009*; Russian: Andrejev No. 2009; India: *Thompson-Balys.

W211.3. W211.3. “I am not alone!” Man travelling alone through the forest at night, is afraid of robbers. He hangs his cap on a stick and keeps repeating: “I am not travelling alone, there are two of us.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1862*.

W212. W212. Eagerness for combat. Irish myth: Cross.

W212.1. W212.1. Eager warriors go through tent wall. Warriors so eager for battle they do not take time to go out of tent door but go through the tent wall. Irish myth: *Cross.

W212.2. W212.2. Warriors contend with each other until battle starts. When they agree to engage in battle, they cannot endure to be without combat. Irish myth: Cross.

W213. W213. Man will not allow food served to strangers until a man of them wrestles with him. Irish myth: Cross.

W213.1. W213.1. Host requires deed of bravery before feast is eaten. Irish myth: Cross.

W214. W214. Man will not do a woman‘s bidding. Irish myth: Cross.

W215. W215. Extreme prudence. Irish myth: Cross.

W215.1. W215.1. Magic help sent to enemy. Hero sends fairy healing charms to his enemy so that when they resume fighting it cannot be said he wins because of superior care. Irish myth: Cross.

W215.2. W215.2. Refusal to fight wounded enemy. Hero feels it dishonorable to fight with sorely wounded enemy, because it would be said he died of previous wounds rather than the ones hero might inflict. Irish myth: Cross.

W215.3. W215.3. Long life sacrificed that descendants may be kings as prophesied. (Cf. M314.) Irish myth: Cross.

W216. W216. Thrift.

W216.1. W216.1. Thrifty merchant tells son that even a snake laid by will be useful. India: Thompson-Balys.

W225. W225. Taciturn man.

W225.1. W225.1. Man is rebuked for loquaciousness when he speaks after thirty-seven days. U.S.: Baughman.

W226. W226. Moving home simple for poor man. Man is so poor that when he moves all he has to do is to put out the fire and whistle for the dog to follow him. U.S.: Baughman.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Humor

X. HUMOR

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

X0--X99. Humor of discomfiture

X0. Humor of discomfiture

X100--X199. Humor of disability

X100. Humor of disability

X110. Humor of deafness

X120. Humor of bad eyesight

X130. Other physical disabilities

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Humor of Social Classes

X200--X599. HUMOR OF SOCIAL CLASSES

X200--X299. Humor dealing with tradesmen

X200. Humor dealing with tradesmen

X210. Jokes about millers

X220. Jokes about tailors

X230. Jokes about butchers

X240. Jokes about cobblers (shoemakers)

X250. Jokes about other artisans and tradesmen

X300--X499. Humor dealing with professions

X300. Humor dealing with professions

X310. Jokes on lawyers

X330. Jokes on magistrates

X350. Jokes on teachers

X370. Jokes on scholars

X410. Jokes on parsons

X460. Humor concerning other professions

X500--X599. Humor concerning other social classes

X500. Humor concerning other social classes

X510. Jokes concerning usurers

X520. Jokes concerning prostitutes

X530. Jokes concerning beggars

X540. Jokes on madmen

X550. Jokes on secret societies

X600--X699. Humor concerning races or nations

X600. Humor concerning races or nations

X610. Jokes concerning Jews

X650. Jokes concerning other races or nations

X680. Jokes concerning various cities

X700--X799. Humor concerning sex

X700. Humor concerning sex

X750. Jokes on old maids

X760. Jokes on courtship

X800--X899. Humor based on drunkenness

X800. Humor based on drunkenness

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Humor of Lies

X900--X1899. HUMOR OF LIES AND EXAGGERATIONS

X910--X1099. Lie: the remarkable man

X910--X959. Lie: the remarkable man: his birth, growth, death, physical powers, strength

X910. Lie: the remarkable man

X920. Lie: the large man

X930. Lie: remarkable person’s physical powers and habits

X940. Lie: remarkably strong man

X960--X1019. Lie: remarkable person‘s skills

X960. Lie: remarkable person’s skills

X980. Lie: occupational or professional skills

X1010. Lie: remarkable mental skills

X1020--X1079. Remarkable man‘s extraordinary possessions

X1020. Lie: remarkable possessions of remarkable man

X1030. Lie: remarkable buildings

X1060. Lie: other possessions of remarkable man

X1070. Extraordinary man’s family

X1080--X1099. Lie: occupations of remarkable man

X1100--X1199. Lie: great hunters and fishermen

X1100. Lie: the remarkable hunter

X1110. Lie: the wonderful hunt

X1120. Lie: the great marksman

X1130. Lie: hunter‘s unusual experiences

X1150. Lies about fishing

X1200--X1399. Lies about animals

X1200. Lie: remarkable animals

X1210. Lies about mammals

X1250. Lies about birds

X1280. Lies about insects

X1300. Lies about fish

X1320. Lies about reptiles

X1340. Lie: extraordinary amphibia and other animals

X1370. Lies about imaginary animals

X1400--X1499. Lies about plants, fruits, vegetables and trees

X1400. Lies about plants, fruits, vegetables and trees

X1410. Lies about fruits

X1420. Lies about vegetables

X1450. Lies about field crops

X1470. Lies about trees

X1480. Lies about flowers

X1490. Lie: miscellaneous plant motifs

X1500--X1599. Lies about geography and topography

X1500. Lies about geography and topography

X1510. Lies about land features

X1520. Lies about mountains and hills

X1530. Lies about remarkable soil

X1540. Lies about water features

X1550. Geography and topography--miscellaneous motifs

X1560. Lies about cities

X1600--X1699. Lies about weather and climate

X1600. Lies about weather and climate

X1610. Lies about winds and storms

X1620. Lies about cold weather

X1630. Lies about hot weather

X1640. Lies about dry weather

X1650. Lies about precipitation and dampness

X1660. Lies about climate

X1700--X1799. Lies: logical absurdities

X1700. Lies: logical absurdities

X1710. Lies about numbers

X1720. Absurd disregard of anatomy

X1740. Absurd disregard of natural laws

X1750. Absurd disregard of the nature of objects

X1760. Absurd disregard of the nature of non-material things

X1780. Absurdity based on the nature of the object

X1790. Other logical absurdities

X1800--X1899. Miscellaneous lies and exaggerations

X1800. Miscellaneous lies and exaggerations

X1810. Tall tales about miscellaneous objects

X1850. Other tall tales

X.

X. HUMOR

X0--X99.

X0--X99. Humor of discomfiture

X0. X0. Humor of discomfiture.

X11. X11. Red pepper for the slow ass: man tries it on himself. When, on the advice of a friend, he gives the ass red pepper, the ass runs away. Then he tries it on himself. He runs so fast that he passes the ass. Arriving at home, he says to his wife, “Unload the ass when he comes. I must run through the village a couple of times more.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 224 No. 64.

X12. X12. Man interrupted each time he tries to eat something. *Basset 1001 Contes I 273.

X12.1. X12.1. Man continually interrupted from eating answers in rhymed monosyllables. Nouvelles Rйcrйations.

X21. X21. Accidental cannibalism. A man eats up the dried meat of a Jew on shipboard. It happens that the Jew is carrying his dead father back home for burial in this form. (Cf. G60.) *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 257 No. 193; Italian Novella: Rotunda. Cf. Japanese: Ikeda.

X31. X31. The dream of marking the treasure. A man dreams that he finds treasure and that he marks the spot with his excrements. Only the latter part of the dream is true. *Wesselski Arlotto II 267 No. 216, Hodscha Nasreddin I 278 No. 314; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 788f.; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X31.1. X31.1. Man dreams that he is rich. Finds cat‘s excrements. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X31.2. X31.2. Pig licks sleeping man’s lips: man thinks he is being kissed. India: Thompson-Balys.

X32. X32. Wager with overdressed youths that servant can carry a large bucket of water upstairs. They follow and are soaked when the servant purposely spills the dirty water. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

X34. X34. Use of itch-producing ointment. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X52. X52. Ridiculous nakedness or exposure.

X52.1. X52.1. Woman exposed to ridicule when her wig is snatched off by a monkey. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

X53. X53. Man given ride on a hemp-dresser. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

X100--X199.

X100--X199. Humor of disability.

X100. X100. Humor of disability. Besides the motifs which follow, the entire series of motifs concerning fools (J1700--J2799) properly belongs here as well as where it is given.

X110. X110. Humor of deafness.

X111. X111. Deaf men and their answers. *Type 1698; **Aarne FFC XX; *Fb “tunghшr”; India: Thompson-Balys.

X111.1. X111.1. Deaf persons: search for the lost animal. A inquires for his lost animal.--B talks about his work and makes a gesture.--A follows the direction of the gesture and happens to find the animals. He returns and offers an injured animal to B in thanks. -- B thinks that he is blamed for injuring the animals. Dispute. Taken to deaf judge. (Cf. X111.14.) *Type 1698A; Aarne FFC XX 16ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

X111.2. X111.2. Deaf peasant: travelers ask the way. Travelers ask their direction. Peasant thinks they want to buy oxen.--Peasant‘s wife arrives; thinks they say her food is too salty.--Daughter-in-law and father-in-law misunderstand each other. *Type 1698B; Aarne FFC XX 28ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

X111.3. X111.3. Two persons believe each other deaf. A trickster tells each of two persons before they meet that the other is hard of hearing and must be shouted at. A great shouting takes place, and each thinks the other out of his wits. *Type 1698C; *Aarne FFC XX 29ff.; Wesselski Gonnella 118 No. 16; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 10; Nouvelles de Sens No. 4.

X111.4. X111.4. Deaf peasant: the wedding invitation. Lord: Good morning, Peter.--Peasant: I come from Bingen.--L. What is the hog worth? --P. Two weeks from next Sunday (the wedding).--L. Shall I come to the wedding?--P. Three and a half gulden. *Type 1698D; *Aarne FFC XX 35ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 719.

X111.5. X111.5. Deaf man on the bridge. Lord: Good day, Caspar. -- Caspar: I am making a reel.--L. Good day, Caspar.--C. It is worth four pence. --L. Good day, Caspar.--C. Yes, my lord, whenever you wish. Type 1698E; *Aarne FFC XX 38ff.

X111.6. X111.6. The deaf man and the proud nobleman. A nobleman amuses himself at the expense of the deaf man. Finally--Nobleman: I wish you a thousand gallows and ropes around your neck.--Peasant: My lord, I wish you twice as many. Type 1698F; *Aarne FFC XX 39ff.

X111.7. X111.7. Misunderstood words lead to comic results. In some the people are not really deaf but fail to catch a word; in some they are deaf. Type 1698G; Aarne FFC XX 40, 76.--Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 189; India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 296.

X111.8. X111.8. The deaf man with the bird in the tree. A traveller asks the way and the man keeps telling him about the bird he has caught. (The questions and answers often rhyme.) Type 1698H; Aarne FFC XX 41ff.

X111.9. X111.9. Deaf man visits the sick. He plans the conversation with the expected answers. The answers turn out otherwise.--A. How are you?--B. I am dead. --Thank God! What have you eaten? -- Poison, I think.--I hope it agrees with you. *Type 1698I; Aarne FFC XX 50ff.; India: Thompson-Balys.

X111.10. X111.10. “Good day.” -- “A woodchopper.” The workman answers the traveler‘s courtesies with remarks about his work. (Cf. X111.8.) Type 1698J; Aarne FFC XX 51ff., cf. 67ff., 72, 75 (Types 12, 13, 16, 18).

X111.11. X111.11. Buyer and deaf seller. Type 1698K; Aarne FFC XX 60ff., 69ff. (Types 11, 14, 15).

X111.12. X111.12. The deaf parson. The youth answers unintelligibly but is praised nevertheless. Type 1698L.

X111.13. X111.13. The deaf bishop. The drunken priest says, “In the morning I take a drink of rum and afterwards four or five little drinks.” Type 1698M.

X111.14. X111.14. Deaf litigants and deaf judge misunderstand one another. (Cf. X111.1.) *Chauvin VII 113 No. 381; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X111.15. X111.15. Travelers pass through Wesley. One asks name of town; another replies, “This is Wesley.” Another says, “I thought it was Thursday.” Third says, “So am I; let’s have a drink.” U.S.: Baughman.

X112. X112. Deaf husband orders deaf wife to prepare a certain dish: misunderstanding. India: Thompson-Balys.

X113. X113. Misunderstanding and quarrels in family of deaf. India: Thompson-Balys.

X120. X120. Humor of bad eyesight.

X121. X121. The wife who saw double. Sees two plates where there are one, etc. Thinks two men are with her. Husband: “See everything double except your husband.” Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 186 No. 358.

X121.1. X121.1. The squint-eyed son and the bottle. Sent by his father to get the only bottle of rare wine, he sees two. Not wishing to show his father to be a liar, he breaks one--really the only one. Chauvin II 196 No. 22.

X122. X122. One-eyed man as appraiser of horse. Has appraised it at half a mark. “He saw only half a horse; otherwise he would have valued it at a mark.” Bйdier Fabliaux 123; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X123. X123. Blind man and the bull. Man asks bull if he is on the right road. Bull butts him and knocks him down. The man says that all that was not necessary, simply to say yes or no. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 140 No. 1699.

X123.1. X123.1. Blind man reaches his home hanging on ox‘s tail (or in other ridiculous situation). India: *Thompson-Balys.

X124. X124. Nearsighted knight mistakes own servant for one of the enemy. Runs lance into his posterior. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X124.1. X124.1. Blind man strikes woman thinking she is buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.

X124.2. X124.2. Blind son-in-law visits his wife’s family: gets into difficulties. India: Thompson-Balys.

X125. X125. Blind men trying to kill pigs with clubs strike one another. (Cf. K1081.) Herbert III 71, 133, 572.

X128. X128. Blind man in awkward position pretends to see. India: Thompson-Balys.

X130. X130. Other physical disabilities.

X131. X131. The wry-mouthed family. Each member has mouth turned in a different way. Unavailing attempts to blow out the light. U.S.: *Baughman; Danish: MS in Danske Folkemindesamling (Grundtvig No. 166).

X133. X133. Man calls convention of all long noses. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X135. X135. The humor of stuttering. U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X135.1. X135.1. Each of four stutterers thinks the others are ridiculing him. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X135.2. X135.2. Stutterer tries to give alarm. Amusing results. U.S.: *Baughman.

X137. X137. Humor of ugliness. U.S.: *Baughman.

X141. X141. Blind, lame, and deaf as witnesses in court. Type 1673*.

X142. X142. The humor of small stature. (Cf. F535.1.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X142.1. X142.1. Dwarf king falls into porridge-pot at court of human king. Irish myth: *Cross.

X142.2. X142.2. Dwarf poet forced to swim in drinking-horn of human being. Irish myth: *Cross.

X142.3. X142.3. Tiny ambassador put on horse with long stirrups. Cannot say anything as he is too busy trying to keep his seat. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X142.4. X142.4. Short magistrate wears a high helmet. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X143. X143. Humor of lameness.

X143.1. X143.1. Lame man taken on hunt in wheel chair beats the dogs home when they tree a spook or when a bear gets after them. (Cf. K1861.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X145. X145. Humor of bad singing.

X145.1. X145.1. Audience of one hired to listen to egoistic dismal-voiced singer. India: Thompson-Balys.

X151. X151. Humor of fatness.

X151.1. X151.1. Six short, fat husbands married to six tall, fat wives try absurdly to kiss them at the threshold on their wedding day. India: Thompson-Balys.

X151.2. X151.2. Fat man so unwieldly he fishes from his window in the street. India: Thompson-Balys.

X200--X599.

X200--X599. HUMOR OF SOCIAL CLASSES

X200--X299.

X200--X299. Humor dealing with tradesmen

X200. X200. Humor dealing with tradesmen.

X210. X210. Jokes about millers. (Cf. P443.)

X211. X211. Millers as thieves. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 785; Fb “mшller” II 649; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

X212. X212. The honest miller. Baker cannot understand how a man who has been a miller can be a beggar. It is a wonder that the farmers are not beggars instead. Wesselski Bebel I 118 No. 3.

X212.1. X212.1. Priest commends the poor miller. If he had been like the rest of the congregation he would have become rich. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 825.

X213. X213. Why no millers in hell. A mad dog in place of a miller in a sack. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 27b.

X214. X214. Monks get revenge on millers. Drunken millers force monks to dance. Millers are enticed to monastery and beaten. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X220. X220. Jokes about tailors. (Cf. P441.)

X221. X221. Oversight of the thievish tailor. Sews the stolen piece of cloth on the outside of his coat, thinking that it is on the inside. Type 2005*.

X221.1. X221.1. Thievish tailor cuts a piece of his own coat. Type 2005**; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 46.

X221.2. X221.2. Thieving tailor can hide stolen cloth even in needle-and-thread tube. India: Thompson-Balys.

X222. X222. Tailor always associated with goat. **B. Salditt Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXX--XXXI 88.

X223. X223. Tailors cowards as warriors: go home to their needles. (Cf. W121.) India: Thompson-Balys.

X230. X230. Jokes about butchers.

X231. X231. Butcher wonders that man who has been buying his meat for seven years can still be alive. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 184 No. 142.

X240. X240. Jokes about cobblers (shoemakers).

X241. X241. Ugly cobbler continually threatens to throw his last at people. The object of jokes. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 98 No. 836D*.

X242. X242. Shoemaker drinks more than his portion of “drink of lies”, which has been prepared for all to partake of equally. Wienert FFC LVI 39; Halm Aesop No. 136.

X250. X250. Jokes about other artisans and tradesmen.

X251. X251. Jokes on weavers. (Cf. P445.) *Chauvin VIII 105 No. 81 n. 2.

X251.1. X251.1. Why no weavers in hell. Devils annoyed at their noisy trade. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 27a.

X252. X252. Jokes about barbers. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X252.1. X252.1. Client flees when cobwebs are brought in to medicate cuts. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X252.2. X252.2. Barber uses cut hair to staunch cuts. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X253. X253. Jokes on fishermen. Nouvelles Rйcrйations.

X253.1. X253.1. Talkativeness of the fishwives of Paris. Anecdotes of their invective. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 63.

X300--X499.

X300--X499. Humor dealing with professions.

X300. X300. Humor dealing with professions.

X310. X310. Jokes on lawyers. (Cf. P422.)

X311. X311. What will happen when there are so many lawyers. Woman sees the crowds of students in the law school. She knows that the one lawyer in her village has ruined nearly everyone. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 787; *Wesselski Bebel I 216 No. 110.

X312. X312. Beggar frightens lawyer into giving by telling him of all the lawyers in hell. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 95 No. 819*; cf. U.S.: Baughman.

X313. X313. Dying like Christ--between two thieves. The dying man has the lawyer and the notary stand on either side of him. U.S.: Baughman; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 134 No. 1583*.

X314. X314. Lawyer who tries to practice without lying fails. He enters religious order and tries to conduct the legal business without lying. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 127; Crane Vitry 155 No. 52; Scala Celi 7b No. 47; Alphabet No. 483.

X315. X315. Dying lawyer says, “I appeal”. Crane Vitry 149f. No. 39; Scala Celi 7b No. 48; Herbert III 77 No. 200, 462 No. 94, 497 No. 238, 499 No. 262; Alphabet No. 41; Mensa Philosophica No. 147.

X315.1. X315.1. Dying lawyer asks delay. Crane Vitry 150 No. 40; Scala Celi 7b No. 45; Mensa Philosophica No. 148.

X316. X316. Nero has reserved place in hell for lawyers. Crane Vitry 148 No. 36; Spanish Exempla: Keller.

X317. X317. Lawyer thrown back into mud when rescuers learn that he is a lawyer. Mensa Philosophica No. 37.

X318. X318. Lawyer loses tongue in death because he sold it in life. Alphabet No. 40.

X319. X319. Miscellaneous jokes about lawyers.

X319.1. X319.1. Eloquent lawyer makes obviously guilty client doubt his own guilt. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X330. X330. Jokes on magistrates. (Cf. P421.)

X331. X331. Guilty of everything connected with the seven senses. When the priest to whom he is confessing says there are but five senses, the magistrate says that he needs two more senses than other people. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 297.

X332. X332. Foreigner wonders why city with so many judges has not been destroyed. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X350. X350. Jokes on teachers.

X351. X351. Music teacher charges double for those who have taken music before. One fee for teaching and one for making them forget the old teaching. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 314.

X370. X370. Jokes on scholars.

X371. X371. Master of seven liberal arts begs from wagoner. With his one art latter supports his family. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 855.

X372. X372. Jokes on doctors. U.S.: Baughman; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X372.1. X372.1. Doctor cures palpitation of heart: patient stops breathing. India: Thompson-Balys.

X372.2. X372.2. Head cut off to cure snakebite. India: Thompson-Balys.

X372.3. X372.3. Eyedrops prescribed for stomach ache so that patient can see what he eats. India: *Thompson-Balys.

X372.4. X372.4. Foolish doctor performs useless operation.

X372.4.1. X372.4.1. Man with cheeks stuffed with food operated on to remove swellings. India: *Thompson-Balys.

X372.5. X372.5. Doctor called to attend sick man immediately gives orders for the funeral. India: Thompson-Balys.

X410. X410. Jokes on parsons. *Types 1725--1824; **Kristensen Vore Fжdres Kirketjeneste (Aarhus, 1899); *Fb “prжst” II 884a; West Indies: Flowers 583.

X411. X411. Parson put to flight during his sermon. Type 1785.

X411.1. X411.1. Sexton’s dog steals sausage from parson‘s pocket: parson flees. *Type 1785A.

X411.2. X411.2. Sexton puts needle in sacramental bread: parson sticks his hand. *Type 1785B.

X411.3. X411.3. Sexton arranges wasp-nest so that parson sits on it. Wasps chase him. *Type 1785C.

X412. X412. Tame bear tied to church bells. Rings alarm. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X413. X413. One-eyed parson in dimly lighted church joins the wrong couples. Marries the old man to the girl and the old woman to the boy. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

X414. X414. Parson rides ox into church. He wants to show how Christ rode into Jerusalem. Sexton sticks ox with needle. *Type 1786.

X415. X415. The hog in church. Locked in church all week by mistake. When the congregation comes, the hog runs between the parson’s legs and carries him out. *Type 1838; Fb “svin”.

X416. X416. Parson preaches so that half the congregation weeps and half laughs. Has clothes torn in the back. Those that see this laugh. He wins the wager. *Type 1828*; Wesselski Morlini 297 No. 44.

X417. X417. Parson smears his hand with butter. Rascals have spread butter on the altarbread. The parson preaches, “What is the life of man?” and therewith brings his hand down on the altar-bread: “Pure butter!” Type 1836*.

X418. X418. Parson is to let a dove fly in the church. It dies in his pocket. *Type 1837.

X421. X421. At the blessing of the grave the parson’s ox breaks loose: “Now the devil has him.” *Type 1840; *Fb “tyr” III 908b.

X422. X422. The corpse with his feet cut off. The coffin-maker has fitted him to the coffin. The parson: “On the last day he will arise.” One of the coffin-makers: “Did I say that?” Type 1699*.

X424. X424. The devil in the cemetery. A sexton hears thieves in the cemetery cracking nuts and thinks it is the devil cracking bones. With the gouty parson on his back he comes upon the thieves who, thinking it is their companion with the sheep, call out, “Is he fat?” The sexton: “Fat or lean, here he is!” *Type 1791; *BP III 395; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 82; Scala Celi 101b No. 547; Alphabet No. 333; U.S., England: *Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1791, Legends No. 889.

X424.1. X424.1. Robbers mistake man for devil (the “sheep” speaks, “Gently, gently!”). India: Thompson-Balys.

X425. X425. The parson who said there is no devil. The bear-showman lets the bear climb up the pulpit. The parson thinks the bear is the devil. Type 1745*.

X426. X426. If his son were only a fool he would let him study to be a priest. So says the innkeeper. Type 1865*.

X427. X427. A bad year for priests: few funerals. All but the priest rejoice over the good health of the community. He bemoans his loss of income from burials. *Wesselski Arlotto II 248 No. 155.

X428. X428. Enmity between priests and monks: chickens and eggs. Monks eat eggs and make chickens expensive; priests eat hens and make eggs high. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 69.

X431. X431. The hungry parson and the porridge-pot. Overnight at the peasant‘s house. The hungry parson hunts the porridge in the dark, guided by a rope the sexton has given him. Series of accidents. *Type 1775; Fb “seng” III 187a.

X431.1. X431.1. Stupid man tries to take honey from jug at night while visiting. Series of accidents. Chinese: Graham.

X434. X434. The parson put out of countenance.

X434.1. X434.1. The large loaves need a large oven. Parson says that the loaves with which Jesus fed the people in the wilderness were as large as the mountains. The mason asks what kind of oven they were baked in. Type 1834*.

X434.2. X434.2. Grace before meat. The parson asks the boy: “What does your father say when you begin to eat?” Boy: “You young devil, etc.” *Type 1841.

X435. X435. The boy applies the sermon. Makes a present application of the words of the parson. *Type 1833; U.S.: Baughman.

X435.1. X435.1. “What says David?”--Boy: “Pay your old debts.” Variants: (a) What evil did Adam do?--He (shoemaker) made my shoes too small. (b) What kind of man was Moses? He was a day laborer. *Type 1833A; *Wesselski Arlotto II 233 No. 113.

X435.2. X435.2. Parson “Where did the father stay?”--“He stayed to hold the oxen.” *Type 1833B.

X435.3. X435.3. Parson: Where was Christ when he was neither in heaven nor on earth?--He was in the willow-grove looking for a stick to beat those who ask foolish questions. *Type 1833C.

X435.4. X435.4. Names of persons in the Trinity. The priest‘s example: the three cows. The boy: “The Holy Ghost has just had a calf.” Type 1833D; England: Baughman.

X435.5. X435.5. Sermon about the rich man. A boy rides with a rich man. Goes into church and leaves his coat lying on the sled. When the parson preaches about the rich man who went to hell, the boy calls out, “Then he took my coat along!” *Type 1832.

X436. X436. The parson sings like a goat. The parson sees an old woman weeping and believes that she is touched by his singing. When spoken to she says that she has been reminded of her old goat which she has lost. *Type 1834; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 243 No. 539; *Crane Vitry 157 No. 56; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 576; Fb “prжdiken” II 882; Scala Celi 25a No. 164;--Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

X438. X438. The dream: all parsons in hell. The smith tells the parson whom he has summoned that he has dreamed of going to heaven where St. Peter would not admit him before he saw a parson. There were no parsons in heaven, but all in hell. *Type 1738.

X438.1. X438.1. All devout women in hell. Devout woman and a priest retell their dreams. The priest has dreamed that all the devout women are to be found in hell. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1847*.

X441. X441. Parson and sexton at mass. Parson intones instructions to the sexton (cook) as a part of the mass. *Type 1831; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 147 No. 1831A*.

X441.1. X441.1. “I can’t hear you.” Rector confesses his sacristan: “Have you drunk the wine designated for the mass?” -- “I can‘t hear you.” Exchange of places. Sacristan asks rector: “Have you kissed my wife?” -- “Really, I can’t hear you.” Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2451*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1777*.

X442. X442. Whistling at mass. Bell breaks and priest‘s patron whistles in place of ringing the bell at mass. *Wesselski Arlotto I 187 No. 7.

X443. X443. Parson’s poor horsemanship.

X443.1. X443.1. Chaplain on bucking mule. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 27.

X445. X445. Parson refreshes himself during the sermon.

X445.1. X445.1. Parson takes a drink of liquor during the sermon. (Cf. X111.13.) *Type 1827.

X445.2. X445.2. Parson takes a chew of tobacco during the sermon. Fb “kardus” II 91a.

X451. X451. Cock crows at church and the sexton awakes and begins to sing. *Type 1828.

X452. X452. The parson has no need to preach. Those who know may teach those who don‘t know. *Type 1826.

X452.1. X452.1. No need to give sermon about saint again. “Last year I told you all about his life and works. He has performed no new miracles.” *Wesselski Arlotto I 188 No. 8; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X453. X453. The woman whose name was “Worthy.” Refuses to say, “I’m not worthy” at communion. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X454. X454. Chapel endowed with fifty blows for the friar. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X457. X457. Jokes on monks.

X457.1. X457.1. Bishop willing to admit castrated man as monk: wishes all were in the same condition. Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 15.

X459. X459. Jokes on parsons--miscellaneous. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X459.1. X459.1. Man heeds what he thinks to be call to the ministry.

X459.1.1. X459.1.1. Young man plowing corn sees letters “P. C.” formed by clouds. He explains situation to minister, asks to be ordained. The minister explains that the letters mean “plow corn” instead of “preach Christ”. U.S.: Baughman.

X460. X460. Humor concerning other professions.

X461. X461. Jokes on fortune-tellers.

X461.1. X461.1. Fortune-teller shows others how to get rich but remains poor himself. (Cf. J1062.) Herbert III 22 No. 186; Crane Vitry 250 No. 266.

X500--X599.

X500--X599. Humor concerning other social classes.

X500. X500. Humor concerning other social classes.

X510. X510. Jokes concerning usurers.

X511. X511. Barber alone praises usurer. Custom not to bury dead until someone has something good to say about him. No one will praise a dead usurer until a barber is willing to say that he had a good beard. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 195; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 122 No. 105.

X512. X512. Usurers do not reply. The parson asks the various trades and professions to rise one by one for a special blessing. When he calls for the usurers none reply. Pauli (ed. Bolte) Nos. 193, 194; Crane Vitry 207 No. 179; Scala Celi 168b No. 959; Alphabet No. 792.

X513. X513. Devil will not carry usurers to hell but will drag them by the legs. So declares a youth paid by a usurer to protest against the priest’s remarks that the devil would carry all usurers off. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 191; cf. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 213.

X514. X514. Only usurers can carry the corpse of the usurer. It refuses to be moved by anyone else. (Cf. X521.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 190; Irish: Beal XXI 326, cf. O‘Suilleabhain 74.

X516. X516. Usurer encourages sermons against usury, so that his competitors will cease activity. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 192; Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

X520. X520. Jokes concerning prostitutes.

X521. X521. Only prostitutes can carry the corpse of a prostitute. (Cf. X514.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 405.

X530. X530. Jokes concerning beggars.

X531. X531. Begging cripples hurry away from shrine lest they be healed and lose their livelihood. Wesselski Mцnchslatein 183 No. 141.

X540. X540. Jokes on madmen. Irish myth: Cross.

X541. X541. Cohabitation between lunatics brought about for sport. Irish myth: Cross.

X550. X550. Jokes on secret societies.

X551. X551. Jokes on freemasons. *Fb “frimurer” I 371b; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 23ff.

X583. X583. Jokes about travelers. U.S.: *Baughman.

X584. X584. Jokes about hunters.

X584.1. X584.1. Man chased by bear to camp claims that he brought it in thus since he did not want to carry it. (Cf. K1741.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X600--X699.

X600--X699. Humor concerning races or nations.

X600. X600. Humor concerning races or nations.

X610. X610. Jokes concerning Jews.

X611. X611. How the Jews were drawn from heaven. Someone cries, “Clothes are being auctioned off in hell.” *Type 2403; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1868*; cf. U.S.: Baughman (X597.1, X902).

X613. X613. Trickster breaks up Jewish marriage ceremony and seduces the bride. (Cf. K1371.) Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X650. X650. Jokes concerning other races or nations.

X651. X651. Battle between lice of Strassburg and of Hungary. Hungarians win. Wesselski Bebel II 149 No. 160.

X652. X652. Learning the Bavarian language. A caretaker of an estate recently sold to a Bavarian sits among the swine so as to learn Bavarian. *Wesselski Bebel I 201 No. 80.

X661. X661. Why Arabians are liars. Hermes and his wagon of lies break down in Arabia. Wienert FFC LVI 39; Halm Aesop No. 141.

X680. X680. Jokes concerning various cities.

X681. X681. Blason populaire. Despiteful names used by one city for another. P. Sйbillot and H. Gaidoz Le Blason Populaire de la France.

X700--X799.

X700--X799. Humor concerning sex.

X700. X700. Humor concerning sex.1

X750. X750. Jokes on old maids. *Types 1475--1499; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 334 s.v. “Alte Jungfer”.

X751. X751. Marriage forbidden outside the parish. An order is read in church forbidding the young people to marry girls from other parishes. *Type 1475.

X752. X752. The old maid in bed. On one side is a bundle of straw (her husband) and on the other a dog (her child). She gives the straw bundle a push and thereupon falls on the floor herself. Type 1480*.

X753. X753. A youth promises to marry an old maid if she will sit all night on the roof. She falls down. Type 1479*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1479*.

X754. X754. The meal of beans. One of the old maid‘s three teeth breaks off. Type 1478.

X755. X755. The wolf steals the old maid. She keeps him for a husband. Type 1477.

X756. X756. The mother trains the old maid to speak properly. Absurd results. Types 1485*, 1486*.

X760. X760. Jokes on courtship.

X800--X899.

X800--X899. Humor based on drunkenness.

X800. X800. Humor based on drunkenness. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

X811. X811. Drunk man lying under his bed thinks he is lying in his shroud. Is cured of drunkenness. Type 835*.

X812. X812. Drunk man goes to the king and wants to buy an island. Type 1671*.

X813. X813. Drunk man at the wedding. Goes to sleep and never reaches it, though at home he praises the wedding. Type 1705*.

X814. X814. Drunk men try to see one another home. Absurd results. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 238.

X815. X815. Drunk man sees everything revolving and waits for his house to come to him. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 236 No. 520.

X816. X816. Drunk woman thinks she is in heaven. Hears someone play the lyre. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X818. X818. Drunk recruits make war on a haystack. Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X821. X821. Drunken volunteer firemen bungle their work. U.S.: Baughman.

X900--X1899.

X900--X1899. HUMOR OF LIES AND EXAGGERATION1

X900. X900. Humor of lies and exaggeration. *Types 1875--1999; *Fb “lшgn” II 513b; Irish myth: Cross.

X901. X901. One lie a year. A man who tells but one lie a year is believed because of his general truthfulness. Amusing results. Chauvin V 278 No. 161; *BP II 371, 509; Kцhler-Bolte I 322; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Vai): Ellis 239 No. 46.

X902. X902. Liar comes to believe his own lie. He tells a lie so often that he believes it himself. (Cf. X611.) U.S.: Baughman.

X903. X903. Lie used as catch tale. (Cf. Z13.) Type 2200; U.S.: Baughman.

X904. X904. The teller reduces the size of his lie.

X904.1. X904.1. The liar reduces the size of his lie when his brother steps on his toes to remind him of his lying habits. U.S.: *Baughman.

X904.2. X904.2. Liar reduces the size of his yarn when challenged. U.S.: Baughman.

X905. X905. Lying contests. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.

X905.1. X905.1. Master brought to say, “You lie!” Type 1920C; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1920D*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1920D*; Prussian: Plenzat 78; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 119 No. 27; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 51 No. 89; India: *Thompson-Balys.

X905.2. X905.2. Greatest liar made king of Schlaraffenland. (First ed. X950.3.) (Cf. X1503.) BP II 507.

X905.3. X905.3. Claim of property based on unusual lie. India: Thompson-Balys.

X905.4. X905.4. The liar: “I have no time to lie today”; lies nevertheless. Type 1920B; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 308ff. No. 18, FFC CXXVIII 260ff. No. 160.

X905.4.1. X905.4.1. Boy to deceive his uncle: induces uncle to climb tree before deception begins: this is the deception. Chinese: Graham.

X906. X906. Would not lie for a trifle. Liar tells of shooting large number of animals with one shot (an odd number, usually 99). When asked why he did not make it a round number (or an even hundred), he replies indignantly that he would not lie for one pigeon (rabbit). U.S.: *Baughman.

X907. X907. Man has servant corroborate his lies. Rewards him poorly. Servant exposes him. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

X907.1. X907.1. The second liar corroborates the lie of the first. Canada, U.S.: Baughman.

X908. X908. Lie: sea has burned up. (Often with answer: “Many fried fish.”) (First ed. X925.) Type 1920A; *BP II 371; Fb “vesterhav” III 1042b, “a” III 1187b; Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen II 377.

X909. X909. Other stories about liars.

X909.1. X909.1. The incorrigible liar. U.S.: *Baughman.

X909.1.1. X909.1.1. Church member who has been called to task about his lying habits tells another lie in expressing his concern for his weakness. He says he has shed barrels of tears because of his weakness. U.S.: *Baughman.

X909.2. X909.2. The liar outdoes the tricksters who try to catch him in a lie. He continues the lie the tricksters have made up to catch him. (Cf. K306, L142.1.) U.S.: Baughman.

X910--X1099.

X910--X1099. Lie: the remarkable man.

X910--X959.

X910--X959. LIE: THE REMARKABLE MAN -- HIS BIRTH, GROWTH, DEATH, PHYSICAL POWERS, STRENGTH

X910. X910. Lie: the remarkable man. (Cf. F500--F599.) For bibliography of American hero material see Harold Felton Legends of Paul Bunyan (New York, 1947).

X911. X911. Lie concerning birth of hero. U.S.: *Baughman.

X912. X912. Lie concerning babyhood and boyhood of hero. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X913. X913. Lie: death of extraordinary man. U.S.: *Baughman.

X916. X916. Lie: persons with remarkable bodily parts. U.S.: *Baughman.

X920. X920. Lie: the large man. (First ed. X1041.) *Type 852; BP II 516.

X921. X921. Lie: remarkably tall person. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X922. X922. Lie: great weight of large person. U.S.: *Baughman.

X923. X923. Lie: great girth of large person. U.S.: *Baughman.

X924. X924. Lie: remarkably thin persons. U.S.: *Baughman.

X930. X930. Lie: remarkable person’s physical powers and habits.

X931. X931. Lie: remarkable eater. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X932. X932. Lie: remarkable drinker. (Cf. F633.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X933. X933. Lie: remarkable chewer. U.S.: *Baughman.

X934. X934. Lie: remarkable spitter. (Cf. F635.) Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X935. X935. Lie: remarkable blower. (Cf. F622.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X936. X936. Lie: person with remarkable hearing. (Cf. F641.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X937. X937. Lie: person with remarkable voice. (Cf. F556.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X938. X938. Lie: person of remarkable sight. (Cf. F642.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X939. X939. Lie: other motifs pertaining to extraordinary senses or bodily powers. U.S.: *Baughman.

X940. X940. Lie: remarkably strong man.

X941. X941. Remarkable lifter. (Cf. F624.) Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X941.1. X941.1. Whole village lifted. India: Thompson-Balys.

X941.2. X941.2. Fight on old woman‘s hand. India: Thompson-Balys.

X941.3. X941.3. Elephant (camel) put in pocket as a curiosity to show friends. India: Thompson-Balys.

X941.4. X941.4. Wind blows group of persons into woman’s eye. India: Thompson-Balys.

X942. X942. Lie: remarkable carrier. (Cf. F631.) Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X942.1. X942.1. Lie: man ties up 700 camels in a corner of his sheet. India: Thompson-Balys.

X943. X943. Lie: remarkable thrower. (Cf. F636.) England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X943.1. X943.1. Beautiful girl seated on large lotus flower holding big elephant in each hand which she devours and throws off alternately. India: Thompson-Balys.

X943.1.1. X943.1.1. Lie: child throws out elephant‘s carcass. India: Thompson-Balys.

X944. X944. Lie: remarkable catcher. U.S.: Baughman.

X945. X945. Lie: remarkable hitter or striker. U.S.: *Baughman.

X946. X946. Lie: remarkable breaker. (Cf. F625.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X947. X947. Lie: remarkable bender. U.S.: *Baughman.

X948. X948. Lie: remarkable twister. U.S.: *Baughman.

X951. X951. Lie: remarkable squeezer. (Cf. X955.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X952. X952. Lie: remarkable pincher. Hero marks logs by pinching a piece out of end of each one. U.S.: Baughman.

X953. X953. Lie: strong puller. U.S.: *Baughman.

X953.1. X953.1. Man draws sixty (300) carts of wood. India: Thompson-Balys.

X954. X954. Lie: remarkable pusher. U.S.: *Baughman.

X955. X955. Lie: remarkable killer. (Cf. X945.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X958. X958. Lie: hero responsible for topographical features (lakes, rivers, etc.). (Cf. A901.) Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X959. X959. Lie: other strong physical reactions.

X959.1. X959.1. Lie: hero breaking wen causes wall to fall down. (Cf. D1562.3, F610.) Korean: Zong in-Sob 67 No. 37.

X960--X1019.

X960--X1019. LIE: REMARKABLE PERSON’S SKILLS

X960. X960. Lie: remarkable person‘s skills.

X961. X961. Lie: extraordinary bodily skills.

X964. X964. Lie: remarkable swimmer. U.S.: *Baughman.

X965. X965. Lie: remarkable diver. U.S.: Baughman.

X966. X966. Lie: remarkable jumper. U.S.: Baughman.

X967. X967. Lie: remarkable kicker. U.S.: *Baughman.

X971. X971. Lie: remarkable oarsman. U.S.: *Baughman.

X972. X972. Lie: remarkable fighter. U.S.: *Baughman.

X973. X973. Lie: remarkable wrestler. U.S.: *Baughman.

X980. X980. Lie: occupational or professional skill.

X982. X982. Lie: remarkable smith. (Cf. F663.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X983. X983. Lie: skillful flayer. Man skins buffalo alive, turns them loose to grow new skins. (Cf. F664.1.) Type 654; U.S.: *Baughman.

X986. X986. Lie: skillful axe-man. (Cf. F666.) Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman (X986 and X1796.3).

X986.1. X986.1. Axe of wax cuts jungle. India: Thompson-Balys.

X987. X987. Lie: remarkable logger. U.S.: *Baughman.

X991. X991. Lie: remarkable rock driller. (John Henry.) Engages in contest with steam drill; he wins the contest but dies in the attempt. U.S.: *Baughman.

X994. X994. Lie: remarkable carpenter. Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1001. X1001. Lie: remarkable thresher. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1002. X1002. Lie: remarkable user of whip. U.S.: Baughman.

X1003. X1003. Lie: remarkable roper. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1004. X1004. Lie: remarkable rider.

X1004.1. X1004.1. Lie: man rides unusual riding animal (lion, deer, etc.). (Cf. B557.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1004.2. X1004.2. Lie: man rides cyclone. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1005. X1005. Lie: remarkable cook. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1010. X1010. Lie: remarkable mental skills.

X1011. X1011. Lie: the great inventor. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1012. X1012. Lie: person displays remarkable ingenuity or resourcefulness. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1012.1. X1012.1. Lie: axes ground on boulders rolling down hill. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1020--X1079.

X1020--X1079. REMARKABLE MAN’S EXTRAORDINARY POSSESSIONS

X1020. X1020. Lie: remarkable possessions of remarkable man.

X1021. X1021. Lie: remarkable clothing of remarkable man. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1021.1. X1021.1. Lie: remarkable bouncing rubber boots (or the like). U.S.: *Baughman.

X1022. X1022. Lie: other extraordinary personal effects of remarkable person. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1023. X1023. Lie: extraordinary equipment of remarkable man. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1024. X1024. Lie: extraordinary tools of remarkable man. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1025. X1025. Lie: extraordinary machinery of remarkable man. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1030. X1030. Lie: remarkable buildings. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1030.1. X1030.1. The great building. (First ed. X1033.) Type 1960E.

X1031. X1031. Lie: the great kitchen. (First ed. X1033.1.) Chauvin VII 57 No. 77; U.S.: *Baughman, *Folk-Say I 62.

X1031.1. X1031.1. Lie: remarkable equipment in big kitchen. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1031.1.1. X1031.1.1. Lie: The great kettle. (First ed. X1035.) Type 1960F.

X1031.2. X1031.2. Lie: help in big kitchen. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1031.3. X1031.3. Lie: remarkable cooking in big kitchen. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1031.4. X1031.4. Lie: remarkable baking in big kitchen. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1031.4.1. X1031.4.1. Lie: skating with bacon to grease griddle in big kitchen. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1031.5. X1031.5. Lie: other extraordinary foods from great kitchen. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1031.6. X1031.6. Lie: remarkable food preferences. French loggers prefer pea soup for all three meals. U.S.: Baughman.

X1031.7. X1031.7. Lie: extraordinary piles of garbage from great kitchen. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1032. X1032. Lie: the great dining quarters (Paul Bunyan tales). U.S.: Baughman.

X1033. X1033. Lie: the great bunkhouse. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1035. X1035. Lie: the great hotel. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1036. X1036. Lie: the great stable. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1036.1. X1036.1. Lie: the great stable: distance to stall. Cow has calf and the calf grows up and has calf before it can reach its stall. (First ed. X1033.2.) Fb “stald” III 534a.

X1060. X1060. Lie: other possessions of remarkable man. (Cf. X1215 [dog], X1235 [cow], X1237 [ox]).

X1061. X1061. Lie: great boat or ship of remarkable man. (Cf. F861.)

X1061.1. X1061.1. Remarkable size of great ship. (First ed. X1031.) Type 1960H; BP II 516; U.S.: *Baughman.

X1070. X1070. Extraordinary man‘s family.

X1071. X1071. The big wedding. Giant with sixty daughters. (First ed. X1045.) Type 1961.

X1080. X1080. Lie: occupations of remarkable man. (Cf. X980.)

X1081. X1081. Lie: remarkable logging operations. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1082. X1082. Lie: remarkable manufacturer.

X1082.1. X1082.1. Lie: remarkable sawmill operator. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1082.2. X1082.2. Lie: remarkable dairyman. U.S.: Baughman.

X1083. X1083. Lie: remarkable steel worker. U.S.: Baughman.

X1084. X1084. Lie: remarkable oil drilling operator. U.S.: Baughman (X988 and X1084).

X1100--X1199.

X1100--X1199. LIE: GREAT HUNTERS AND FISHERMEN

X1100. X1100. Lie: the remarkable hunter.

X1110. X1110. The wonderful hunt. (First ed. X921.) *Types 1890--1909; Wesselski Mдrchen 226f.; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 312.

X1110.1. X1110.1. The unlucky hunt. (First ed. X921.0.1.) Indonesia: DeVries‘s list No. 313.

X1111. X1111. Hunter shoots ram-rod full of ducks. (First ed. X921.4.) Type 1894.

X1112. X1112. Hunter catches fish in boots while wading. (First ed. X921.5.) Type 1895.

X1114. X1114. Man lays bag by fencehole and all the hares run into it. (First ed. X921.11.) Type 1893.

X1114.1. X1114.1. Two hares run into each other and are caught. (First ed. X921.6.) Type 1895*.

X1114.2. X1114.2. Tiger lies in water with mouth open: cat drives fish in. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1115. X1115. Large bag of frozen raccoons taken by hunter. (Cf. X1130.3.) U.S.: Baughman.

X1115.1. X1115.1. The rabbit-catch: rabbits freeze feet fast to ice at night. (First ed. X921.2.) Type 1891.

X1116. X1116. The breathing tree. Hunter cuts down tree packed full of animals. The tree is so full of animals that a crack in tree opens as animals inhale, closes when they exhale. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1119. X1119. Miscellaneous stories of plentiful game.

X1119.1. X1119.1. Lie: thick flock of birds. U.S.: Baughman.

X1119.2. X1119.2. Lie: remarkable bag of deer. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1120. X1120. Lie: the great marksman. (Cf. F661.) U.S.: Baughman (X1120 and X981).

X1121. X1121. Lie: the great marksman’s remarkable gun. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1122. X1122. Lie: hunter with remarkable marksmanship.

X1122.1. X1122.1. Lie: hunter shoots projectile great distance. England: Baughman.

X1122.2. X1122.2. Lie: person shoots many animals with one shot. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1122.3. X1122.3. Lie: ingenious person bends gun barrel to make spectacular shot. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1124. X1124. Lie: the hunter catches or kills game by ingenious or unorthodox method. (Cf. X1132.) Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1124.1. X1124.1. Shooting off the leader‘s tail. (First ed. X921.8.) An old blind bear is being led by a young bear, whose tail the old bear has in his mouth. The hunter shoots off the young bear’s tail and seizes it. Thus leads the old bear home. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 748; U.S.: *Baughman.

X1124.2. X1124.2. Hunter turns animal inside out. He reaches down animal‘s throat, grasps his tail, and turns him inside out. (First ed. X911.1.) Wesselski Bebel II 137 No. 115; U.S.: *Baughman.

X1124.3. X1124.3. Accidental discharge of gun kills much game. Gun kills a bird which falls on loose limb of tree, which falls on bear, etc., etc. (First ed. X921.1.) Type 1890; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 154 No. 21.

X1124.3.1. X1124.3.1. Gunshot splits limb and catches feet of birds. Type 1890.

X1124.4. X1124.4. Hunting wolves with rod and line. (First ed. X921.7.) Type 1896*.

X1130. X1130. Lie: hunter’s unusual experiences. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1130.1. X1130.1. Game rolls down hill in snow; snowball builds up around game, keeps it fresh and protected until used. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1130.2. X1130.2. Fruit tree grows from head of deer shot with fruit pits. Compare Mьnchhausen (1944) 32 (cherry tree). Canada, U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

X1130.2.1. X1130.2.1. Tree grows out of horse and gives rider shade. (First ed. X923.) Fb “trж” III 868a.

X1130.3. X1130.3. Water of stream or lake freezes just as frogs jump into lake. The frogs are caught in the ice. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1132. X1132. Ingenious skinning of animal.

X1132.1. X1132.1. The nailed wolf‘s tail. Wolf’s tail nailed to tree. Wolf runs away and leaves his skin hanging. (First ed. X922.) Type 1896; U.S.: *Baughman.

X1133. X1133. Lie: the hunter in danger.

X1133.1. X1133.1. Lie: man uses remarkable means of getting out of tree stump. Type 1900; U.S.: *Baughman.

X1133.2. X1133.2. Man escapes from bear by running for a long time, from summer to winter. Bear chases man in July; he finally crosses a river on the ice. The bear falls in or stops following (in December). U.S.: *Baughman.

X1133.3. X1133.3. Man in barrel grabs wolf by the tail and is drawn out of danger. (First ed. X911.) *Type 1875; Kцhler-Bolte I 410; *Fb “tшnde” III 935a, “rжv” III 114a.

X1133.3.1. X1133.3.1. Animal unwittingly puts tail into man‘s hands and is caught. India: *Thompson-Balys.

X1133.3.2. X1133.3.2. If the wolf’s tail breaks. Trickster and companion are wolf hunting. The companion goes into the wolf hole. The wolf comes. The other catches the wolf by the tail and the wolf scratches dust into the companion‘s eyes. “What a dust.”--“If the wolf’s tail breaks, you will see another kind of dust!” (First ed. X911.3.) Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 216 No. 48; West Indies: Flowers 585.

X1133.4. X1133.4. Man escapes from bee‘s nest on bear’s tail. (First ed. X911.2.) Type 1900.

X1133.5. X1133.5. Tigers stand on each other‘s heads trying to reach man in tree. His tears form a stream. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1150. X1150. Lies about fishing. (Cf. X1300.)

X1150.1. X1150.1. The great catch of fish. (First ed. X1022.) Type 1960C.

X1151. X1151. Lie: large number of fishermen in one spot. U.S.: Baughman.

X1153. X1153. Lie: fish caught by remarkable trick. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1154. X1154. Lie: unusual catch by fisherman.

X1154.1. X1154.1. Fisherman catches fish with amazing contents. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1154.1.1. X1154.1.1. Man catches fish with larger fish inside. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1156. X1156. Lie: other unusual methods of catching fish. U.S.: Baughman.

X1156.1. X1156.1. Lie: fish caught with another’s cries. (First ed. X961.10.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1200--X1399.

X1200--X1399. LIES ABOUT ANIMALS

X1200. X1200. Lie: remarkable animals. Types 1875--1910.

X1201. X1201. Lie: the great animal. (First ed. X1021.) Types 852, 1960A.

X1202. X1202. Lie: animals inherit acquired characteristics or conditions. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1202.1. X1202.1. Small cart serves as back legs for crippled sow. Pigs also have these carts. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1203. X1203. Lie: animal‘s food affects him in unusual way. (E.g. Pine tops: milk good for cough syrup.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1204. X1204. Lie: animals eat one another up. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1204.1. X1204.1. Two wolves eat each other up so that only tails are left. (First ed. X911.4.) *Fb “hale” IV 197b.

X1204.2. X1204.2. Lie: two birds swallow each other. (First ed. X926.) Africa (Vai): Ellis 239 No. 46.

X1205. X1205. Lie: venom of animal (snake, hornet, bee) causes object to swell. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1205.1. X1205.1. Snake strikes object, causing it to swell. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1206. X1206. Lies: animals trained to respond to certain sounds: absurd result. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1208. X1208. Animals already cooked for eating.

X1208.1. X1208.1. Roast pigs run around with knife and fork in back ready for eating. U.S.: Baughman.

X1208.2. X1208.2. Lie: roast hens fly, heads to sky, tails to ground. (First ed. X961.23.) Type 1930; BP III 258.

X1210. X1210. Lies about mammals.

X1211. X1211. Lies about cats. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1211.1. X1211.1. Lie: cat scratches out bear‘s tongue. (First ed. X961.36.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1211.2. X1211.2. Lie: crippled cat uses wooden leg to kill mice. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1212. X1212. Lies about wildcats. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1213. X1213. Lies about panthers. U.S.: Baughman.

X1215. X1215. Lies about dogs. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.1. X1215.1. Dog and other animal chase each other in hot weather. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.2. X1215.2. Lie: large dog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.3. X1215.3. Lie: small dog. U.S.: Baughman.

X1215.4. X1215.4. Lie: weak dog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.5. X1215.5. Lie: tough dog. U.S.: Baughman.

X1215.6. X1215.6. Lie: ferocious dog. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.7. X1215.7. Lie: fast dog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.8. X1215.8. Lie: intelligent dog. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.9. X1215.9. Lie: obedient or dutiful dog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.10. X1215.10. Lie: dog with remarkable scent. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.11. X1215.11. Lie: the split dog. Put back together but back legs point upwards. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1215.12. X1215.12. Lie: greyhounds drag mill out of water. (First ed. X961.19.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1216. X1216. Lies about wolves. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1216.1. X1216.1. The wolf harnessed. Eats the horses, is harnessed and runs in the harness. (First ed. X936.) *Type 1910.

X1221. X1221. Lies about bears. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1224. X1224. Lies about chipmunks.

X1224.1. X1224.1. Lie: the big chipmunk. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1226. X1226. Lies about mice. U.S.: Baughman.

X1226.1. X1226.1. Lie: mice consecrate bishop. (First ed. X961.16.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1227. X1227. Lies about rats. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1233. X1233. Lie: extraordinary hog. Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1233.1. X1233.1. Lie: large hog.

X1233.1.1. X1233.1.1. Lie: large boar has bristles as long as pitchfork tines. England, Scotland: *Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 1879*.

X1233.1.2. X1233.1.2. The great wild-boar. Tusks go through tree and come out on other side. (First ed. X1021.4.) *Wesselski Bebel II 137 No. 114.

X1233.2. X1233.2. Lie: tough hog.

X1233.2.1. X1233.2.1. Hog finds dynamite supply, eats it, walks behind mule; the mule kicks the hog. The explosion kills the mule, blows down the barn, breaks windows out of house. The hog is ill for several days. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1233.3. X1233.3. Lies about thin hogs. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1233.4. X1233.4. Miscellaneous lies about hogs.

X1233.4.1. X1233.4.1. Lie: salesman guarantees sow to bear male, then female, then kid. (First ed. X931.) Wienert FFC LVI 84 (ET 506), 104 (ST 167); Halm Aesop No. 11.

X1235. X1235. Lie: remarkable cow. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1235.1. X1235.1. Large cow. (Cf. B871.1.1.)

X1235.1.1. X1235.1.1. Cow wears church bell for cowbell. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1235.2. X1235.2. Lie about cow’s rich milk. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1235.2.1. X1235.2.1. Cow gives so much cream that several men do nothing but skim cream. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1235.3. X1235.3. Owner provides cow with green goggles, feeds her sawdust or snow. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1235.4. X1235.4. Lie: cow climbs to roof. (First ed. X961.7.) Type 1930; BP III 258.

X1235.5. X1235.5. Lie: cow puts bread in oven. (First ed. X961.22.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1237. X1237. Lie: remarkable ox or steer. (First ed. X1021.1.) U.S.: *Baughman, *Folk-Say I 62 (bibliography of “Paul Bunyan” stories).

X1237.1. X1237.1. Lies about strong oxen. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1237.1.1. X1237.1.1. Man plows through stump which catches the back of his pants in cleft. His oxen continue to pull; he holds onto the plow, pulls the stump out of the ground. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1237.2. X1237.2. Lie: the remarkable blue ox. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1241. X1241. Lies about horses. Canada, England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1241.1. X1241.1. The great horse. (First ed. X1021.6.) Fb “stud” III 619b.

X1241.2. X1241.2. Well-trained horse.

X1241.2.1. X1241.2.1. Horse takes cattle out to pasture; brings them in by himself. U.S.: Baughman.

X1241.2.2. X1241.2.2. Trained horse as harvester and hunter. He rolls in the field. Oats in his flanks; club in his tail kills birds. (First ed. X921.3.) (Cf. X1252.1.) Type 1892.

X1241.2.3. X1241.2.3. Lie: horses knead dough. (First ed. X961.20.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1242. X1242. Lies about mules. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1242.0.1. X1242.0.1. Lies about asses.

X1242.0.1.1. X1242.0.1.1. Lie: ass with silver nose hunts hares. (First ed. X961.32.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1243. X1243. Lies about sheep.

X1243.1. X1243.1. Lie: the great Darby ram. England: *Baughman.

X1244. X1244. Lies about goats.

X1244.1. X1244.1. Lie: goat carries one hundred cartloads of grease. (First ed. X961.13.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1244.2. X1244.2. Lie: goats heat oven. (First ed. X961.21.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1244.3. X1244.3. The great he-goat. (First ed. X1021.2.) BP II 515.

X1250. X1250. Lies about birds.

X1252. X1252. Lies about crows. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1252.1. X1252.1. Lie: crows mow meadow. (First ed. X961.14.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1256. X1256. Lies about doves. U.S.: Baughman.

X1256.1. X1256.1. Lie: doves tear up wolf. (First ed. X961.37.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1258. X1258. Lies about geese. U.S.: Baughman.

X1258.1. X1258.1. Lie: man carried through air by geese. (First ed. X916.) Type 1881; Japanese: Ikeda.

X1258.2. X1258.2. Lie: the tough goose. U.S.: Baughman.

X1261. X1261. Remarkable ducks. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1267. X1267. Remarkable hawk.

X1267.1. X1267.1. Hawk flies away with geese on a line. They have been tied together as a protection. (First ed. X912.) *Type 1876; BP III 337.

X1267.2. X1267.2. Lie: hawk swims. (First ed. X961.11.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1280. X1280. Lies about insects.

X1280.1. X1280.1. Lies about crossbreeding of insects. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1280.1.1. X1280.1.1. Bumblebees imported to rout mosquitoes; the two insects crossbreed and have stingers on both ends. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1280.2. X1280.2. Lies about ferocious insects.

X1280.2.1. X1280.2.1. Insects eat team of horses or mules, pitch horseshoes to see who gets what is left. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1282. X1282. Lies about bees. Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1282.1. X1282.1. Lie: the great bee. Liar says that in a certain place bees are as big as sheep.--And the bee-hives?--The same as ours.--How do the bees get in? (Various answers.) (First ed. X1021.3.) BP II 515; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 219.

X1285. X1285. Lies about fleas. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1286. X1286. Remarkable mosquitoes.

X1286.1. X1286.1. Lie: the large mosquito. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 703.

X1286.1.1. X1286.1.1. Lie: wingspread of large mosquito. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1286.1.2. X1286.1.2. Lie: weight of large mosquito. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1286.1.3. X1286.1.3. Lie: mosquito‘s long bill. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1286.1.4. X1286.1.4. Large mosquitoes fly off with kettle. They have drilled through kettle. Their bills are clinched inside like nails. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1286.1.5. X1286.1.5. Large mosquitoes carry off prey. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1286.1.6. X1286.1.6. Big mosquito with golden palace in his mouth. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1286.1.7. X1286.1.7. Large mosquitoes--miscellaneous. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1286.2. X1286.2. Lies about ferocious mosquitoes. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1287. X1287. Lie: extraordinary fireflies. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1288. X1288. Lies about grasshoppers. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1291. X1291. Lies about bedbugs. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1294. X1294. Lies about flies.

X1294.1. X1294.1. Lie: flies build bridge. (First ed. X961.15.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1295. X1295. Lies about gnats.

X1295.1. X1295.1. The tragic death of the three gnats. One of them meets his death between the horns of two struggling oxen, another because of two restless stallions, the third during a tussle between two giants. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 291* (X1021.9).

X1296. X1296. Lies about lice.

X1296.1. X1296.1. Rag so full of lice it can move. Irish myth: *Cross (X1049.1).

X1300. X1300. Lies about fish. (Cf. X1150.)

X1301. X1301. Lie: the great fish. (First ed. X1021.7.) Type 1960B; England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1303. X1303. Lie: remarkable actions of big fish.

X1303.1. X1303.1. Big fish pulls man or boat. (Cf. B551.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1306. X1306. Lie: tamed fish lives on dry land. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1316. X1316. Dogfish act like dogs. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1317. X1317. Crowded fish. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1320. X1320. Lies about reptiles.

X1321. X1321. Lies about snakes.

X1321.1. X1321.1. Lie: the great snake.

X1321.1.1. X1321.1.1. Lie: remarkably long snake. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1321.1.2. X1321.1.2. Lie: great snake is thought to be a log. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1321.2. X1321.2. Lie: large number of snakes. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1321.3. X1321.3. Lies about remarkable kinds of snakes.

X1321.3.1. X1321.3.1. Lie: hoop snake. Snake takes its tail in its mouth and rolls like a hoop toward its victim. (Cf. B765.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1340. X1340. Lie: extraordinary amphibia and other animals.

X1342. X1342. Lies about frogs.

X1342.1. X1342.1. Lie: the big frog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1342.1.1. X1342.1.1. The great frog. Eaten by one larger and this in turn by crow. (First ed. X1021.5.) *BP II 515.

X1342.2. X1342.2. Ferocious frog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1342.3. X1342.3. Lie: frog eats plowshare. (First ed. X961.25.) (Cf. J1531.2.) Type 1930; BP III 258.

X1344. X1344. Lies about crabs. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1344.1. X1344.1. Lie: crab hunts hare. (First ed. X961.34.) Type 1930; BP III 258.

X1345. X1345. Lies about snails. U.S.: Baughman.

X1345.1. X1345.1. Lie: snail kills lion. (First ed. X961.35.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1346. X1346. Lies about worms. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1370. X1370. Lies about imaginary animals.

X1381. X1381. Lie: the side-hill beast. Animal with two short legs on one side for convenience in living on hillsides. It can walk around the hill in only one direction. U.S.: *Baughman; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 703.

X1396. X1396. Lie: imaginary snakes. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1396.1. X1396.1. Lie: seaserpent. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1400--X1499.

X1400--X1499. LIES ABOUT PLANTS, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND TREES

X1400. X1400. Lies about plants, fruits, vegetables, and trees.

X1401. X1401. Lie: the great vegetable.

X1401.1. X1401.1. Lie: animals live inside great vegetable, usually feeding from it. Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1401.2. X1401.2. Lie: harvesting great vegetable. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1401.3. X1401.3. Lie: hole from which great vegetable is removed. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1402. X1402. Lie about the fast-growing plants.

X1405. X1405. Lie: plants produce fruit in remarkably short time after planting. (Cf. F815.1, F811.13, F971.7.) U.S.: Baughman.

X1410. X1410. Lies about fruits. (Cf. X1402.1, X1405.)

X1411. X1411. Lie: the large fruit. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1411.1. X1411.1. Lie: the great melon. (First ed. X1024.2.) *BP II 516.

X1411.1.1. X1411.1.1. Lie: large watermelon. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1411.2. X1411.2. Lies about large pumpkins. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1411.3. X1411.3. Lie: large pumpkin vine. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1411.4. X1411.4. Lie: the great pear. (First ed. X1025.1.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 256a n. 18.

X1420. X1420. Lies about vegetables.

X1423. X1423. Lies about cabbages. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1423.1. X1423.1. Lie: the great cabbage. (Usually matched by tale of great pot to put cabbage in.) (First ed. X1024.1.) *Type 1960D; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 220 No. 454; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

X1424. X1424. The great mushroom. (First ed. X1024.3.) Type 852; *BP II 516.

X1431. X1431. Lies about turnips. Type 1920A.

X1431.1. X1431.1. Lies about big turnips. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1435. X1435. Lies about potatoes. U.S.: Baughman.

X1435.1. X1435.1. Lie: large potatoes. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1450. X1450. Lies about field crops.

X1455. X1455. Lies about corn (maise).

X1455.1. X1455.1. Lie: remarkable cornstalks. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1455.2. X1455.2. Lie: remarkable yield of corn. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1470. X1470. Lies about trees.

X1471. X1471. Lies about large trees. (Cf. F811.14.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1472. X1472. Lie: tree bears unusual fruit.

X1472.1. X1472.1. Lie: pancakes growing on lime-tree. (First ed. X961.27.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1480. X1480. Lies about flowers.

X1481. X1481. Lie: remarkable lilies. U.S.: Baughman.

X1490. X1490. Lie: miscellaneous plant motifs. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1495. X1495. Lie: man raises eggs from eggplant. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1500--X1599.

X1500--X1599. LIES ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY

X1500. X1500. Lies about geography and topography.

X1503. X1503. Schlaraffenland. (Land of Cockaygne.) Land in which impossible things happen. (First ed. X950.) (Cf. X1712.) *Type 1930; *BP III 244ff.; Boccaccio Decameron VIII No. 3 (Lee 254); Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys.

X1503.1. X1503.1. Land in which highest praise parents can earn is that they marry their children when they are babies. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1503.2. X1503.2. Blind town, its king fourfold blind. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1503.3. X1503.3. Lie: land where all things are sold for the same price. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1503.4. X1503.4. Mountain of grain to be eaten through on way to Schlaraffenland. (First ed. X950.2.) (Cf. X1712.) BP III 250.

X1505. X1505. Topsy-turvy land. Land where all is opposite from the usual. (First ed. X952.) BP III 244ff., *254ff.; Wienert FFC LVI 44ff.

X1505.1. X1505.1. House where omens go by contraries. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1506. X1506. The extraordinary names. A place where animals and things are designated by senseless names. (First ed. X951.) (Cf. Z32.2.1.) Type 1940; BP IV 183; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXVII 135; Wisser ibid. XXVIII 135; West Indies: Flowers 585.

X1510. X1510. Lies about land features.

X1520. X1520. Lies about mountains and hills.

X1521. X1521. Remarkably narrow valleys. U.S.: Baughman.

X1523. X1523. Lies about steep slopes of mountains. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1523.1. X1523.1. Lie: country so steep that people look up chimney to see when the cows come home. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1523.2. X1523.2. Lies about farming on steep mountain. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1526. X1526. Lies about mountain roads. U.S.: Baughman.

X1526.1. X1526.1. Crooked railroads in mountains or hills. (Cf. X1815.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1528. X1528. Mountain of unusual material.

X1528.1. X1528.1. Lie: mountain of cheese. (First ed. X961.5.) Type 1930; BP III 258.

X1530. X1530. Lies about remarkable soil.

X1532. X1532. Rich soil produces remarkable crop. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1532.1. X1532.1. Rich land: corn grows so fast that it pulls up its own roots. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1540. X1540. Lies about water features.

X1543. X1543. Lies about hot springs. U.S.: Baughman.

X1545. X1545. Lies about remarkable underground channels.

X1545.1. X1545.1. Water passage through the earth. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1546. X1546. Remarkable pond.

X1546.1. X1546.1. Lie: fish pond supplies both fresh fish and cooked. Italian Novella: Rotunda (X925.1).

X1547. X1547. Lie: remarkable river.

X1547.1. X1547.1. Lie: round river: runs in circle without outlet. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1547.2. X1547.2. Lie: river of honey. (First ed. X961.1). Type 852; BP II 515.

X1547.2.1. X1547.2.1. Lie: honey flows up high mountain. (First ed. X961.9.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1550. X1550. Geography and topography--miscellaneous motifs.

X1551. X1551. Remarkable road.

X1551.1. X1551.1. Roads go over roofs of houses. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1560. X1560. Lies about cities.

X1561. X1561. Lie: Rome hanging by thread. (First ed. X961.8.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1563. X1563. City into which only married and mothers may enter. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1564. X1564. Village where rubies sell for four pice apiece. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1600--X1699.

X1600--X1699. LIES ABOUT WEATHER AND CLIMATE

X1600. X1600. Lies about weather and climate.

X1602. X1602. Lie: year with two summers and no winter. Canada: Baughman.

X1603. X1603. Lie: year with two winters and no summer. It is winter all summer and in fall it gets colder. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1605. X1605. Lie: mixed weather: summer in one spot and winter in another nearby. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1606. X1606. Lies about changes in weather.

X1606.1. X1606.1. Lies about quick change from cold to warm. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1606.2. X1606.2. Lies about quick change in weather from warm to cold. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1606.2.1. X1606.2.1. Man freezes to saddle. Must be thawed out by the stove. (First ed. X924.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 746.

X1610. X1610. Lies about winds and storms.

X1611. X1611. Lies about the wind. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1611.1. X1611.1. Lies about big wind (cyclone, tornado). Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1620. X1620. Lies about cold weather. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1623. X1623. Lies about freezing. (Cf. X1606.2.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1623.1. X1623.1. Lie: shadow freezes. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1623.2. X1623.2. Lie: words freeze. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1623.2.1. X1623.2.1. Lie: frozen words thaw out in the spring. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1623.3. X1623.3. Lie: flame freezes: startling results. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1630. X1630. Lies about hot weather. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1633. X1633. Lie: effect of heat on animals.

X1633.1. X1633.1. Lie: weather so hot that corn pops in fields, animals freeze to death thinking it has snowed. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1640. X1640. Lies about dry weather.

X1642. X1642. Lie: clouds beaten by man until they promise to water his crops thrice daily. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1643. X1643. Lie: how dry weather affects animals. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1643.1. X1643.1. Lie: bullfrogs several years old cannot swim -- have never had water to learn in. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1650. X1650. Lies about precipitation and dampness.

X1651. X1651. Lies about fog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1651.1. X1651.1. Lie: shingling the fog. Man shingling building during thick fog shingles several feet of fog when he gets beyond the roof line. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1651.2. X1651.2. Ship sails on thick fog. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1653. X1653. Lies about snow.

X1653.1. X1653.1. Lie: fast-melting snow leaves horse dangling in air. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1653.2. X1653.2. Lie: blue snow. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1653.3. X1653.3. The man who sold dried snow for salt. (First ed. X944.) Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 747.

X1654. X1654. Lies about rain.

X1654.1. X1654.1. Lie: dry rain. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1654.2. X1654.2. Lie: extraordinary floods produced by heavy rain. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1654.2.1. X1654.2.1. Lie: heavy rain of boiling water melts palace. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1655. X1655. Lies about extraordinary mud. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1655.1. X1655.1. Lie: the man under the hat, which is the only thing seen above the mud. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1660. X1660. Lies about climate.

X1663. X1663. Lies about healthy atmosphere.

X1663.1. X1663.1. Lie: air from healthy climate revives dying person. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1663.2. X1663.2. Lie: place so healthful that residents shoot man to start cemetery. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1700--X1799.

X1700--X1799. LIES: LOGICAL ABSURDITIES

X1700. X1700. Lies: logical absurdities. (Cf. J2200.)

X1710. X1710. Lies about numbers.

X1712. X1712. Schlaraffenland lies three miles beyond Christmas. (First ed. X950.1.) BP III 250.

X1720. X1720. Absurd disregard of anatomy. (Cf. X1202, X1203, X1204.)

X1721. X1721. Lies about surgical operations.

X1721.1. X1721.1. New backbone for the horse made from a stick. (First ed. X935.) Type 1911**.

X1721.2. X1721.2. Lie: man’s organs replaced with animal‘s. (Cf. E782.) He acts like animal. Type 660; U.S.: *Baughman.

X1723. X1723. Lies about swallowing. (Cf. F910.)

X1723.1. X1723.1. Swallowed person is discovered in animal’s stomach still alive. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1723.1.1. X1723.1.1. Fish swallows a gourd fruit where people have taken refuge during rain; hawk swallows fish. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1723.1.2. X1723.1.2. Lie: man swallowed by fish and later rescued alive. (First ed. X921.10.) Wesselski Bebel II 137 No. 113.

X1723.2. X1723.2. Falcon and heron eaten by wild boar recovered alive from his body. (First ed. X921.9.) Wesselski Bebel II 138 No. 116.

X1723.3. X1723.3. Person enters animal‘s body. U.S.: Baughman.

X1723.3.1. X1723.3.1. Man crawls into body of animal (after killing it) to escape cold. The animal freezes back together; man must eat his way out. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1724. X1724. Seeing without eyes. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1725. X1725. Digging without hands. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1726. X1726. Man cuts off own head.

X1726.1. X1726.1. Lie: man cuts off own head and eats it. (First ed. X927.) Africa (Vai): Ellis 239 No. 46.

X1726.2. X1726.2. Man cuts off own head, picks it up and replaces it. (First ed. X927.1.) (Cf. E783.) Type 852; BP II 514; Missouri French: Carriиre.

X1727. X1727. Absurd stories about beards.

X1727.1. X1727.1. Lie: barber shaves wife’s beard. (First ed. X961.17.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1731. X1731. Lies about falling.

X1731.1. X1731.1. Person falls from great height without injury. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1731.2. X1731.2. Man falls from height, goes into solid rock up to knees. Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1731.2.1. X1731.2.1. Man falls and is buried in earth: goes for spade and digs self out. (First ed. X917.) *Type 1882; Kцhler-Bolte I 323; Gardner JAFL XXVII 305; U.S.: *Baughman.

X1733. X1733. Lies about sinking.

X1733.1. X1733.1. Lie: man lifts heavy load, sinks into solid rock. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1737. X1737. Man stays under water for long time.

X1737.1. X1737.1. Man falls through ice, has to swim two miles to come out at an air hole. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1737.1.1. X1737.1.1. Man under the ice. Falls through ice with his horse, wanders around on the river bottom, pushes his spear through ice from below and rises to the surface. (First ed. X918.) *Wesselski Bebel I 171 No. 8.

X1739. X1739. Absurd disregard of anatomy--miscellaneous. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1739.1. X1739.1. Person swallows pin or needle; it later emerges through skin of relative. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1739.2. X1739.2. Lie: man makes drinking water from his own skull. (First ed. X961.29.) Type 852; BP II 514.

X1740. X1740. Absurd disregard of natural laws.

X1741. X1741. Lies about gravitation.

X1741.1. X1741.1. Person or animal rises into the air in defiance of gravity. (Cf. D2135.0.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1741.2. X1741.2. Person or animal jumps back to starting place (from midair). U.S.: *Baughman.

X1741.3. X1741.3. Law of gravity is petrified in petrified forest. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1741.4. X1741.4. Lie: anvil swims river. (First ed. X961.24.) Type 1930; BP III 258.

X1743. X1743. Lies about occupying space.

X1743.1. X1743.1. Giants go through small hole where plant has been torn from earth. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1743.2. X1743.2. Lie: two bullocks go where one cannot. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1743.3. X1743.3. Lie: 900,000 roofs on point of needle. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1750. X1750. Absurd disregard of the nature of objects. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1755. X1755. Lies about watches.

X1755.1. X1755.1. Watch continues to run indefinitely when lost (swallowed). Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1756. X1756. Disregard of nature of basketry.

X1756.1. X1756.1. Lie: people carry wine in baskets. Italian Novella: Rotunda (X961.38).

X1757. X1757. Rope of sand (chaff). (First ed. X961.2.) (Cf. F843.) Type 852; BP II 513; Missouri French: Carriиre.

X1757.1. X1757.1. Rope of dry dust. India: *Thompson-Balys.

X1760. X1760. Absurd disregard of the nature of non-material things.

X1761. X1761. Absurd disregard of the nature of holes. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1761.1. X1761.1. Person pulls up old oil wells and sells them for post holes after sawing them up into short lengths. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1761.2. X1761.2. Lie: people eat the bungholes from barrels. Italian Novella: Rotunda (X961.39).

X1780. X1780. Absurdity based on the nature of the object.

X1781. X1781. Lies about boats with light draft. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1781.1. X1781.1. Boat sailing over dry river bed (rice water). India: *Thompson-Balys.

X1785. X1785. Lies about stretching or shrinking. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1785.1. X1785.1. Lie: the stretching and shrinking harness. Man driving team with wagon uphill in rain finds on arrival at the top of the hill that the tugs of rawhide or buckskin have stretched and that the loaded wagon is still at the bottom of the hill. He unhitches the horses and throws the harness across a stump. Sometime later, or the next morning, the sun comes out and shrinks the tugs, drawing the load to the top of the hill. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1787. X1787. Man cures rheumatism: puts mosquito milk in a cat‘s horn, stirs it with duck’s crotch. U.S.: Baughman.

X1788. X1788. Lie: the realistic painting. (Cf. H504.1.) U.S.: *Baughman.

X1790. X1790. Other logical absurdities. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1791. X1791. Lie: deaf, dumb, blind, and lame men catch hare. (First ed. X961.33.) Type 1930; BP III 116, 258.

X1796. X1796. Lies concerning speed.

X1796.1. X1796.1. Lie: footless man outruns swift horse. (First ed. X961.3.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1800--X1899.

X1800--X1899. MISCELLANEOUS LIES AND EXAGGERATIONS

X1800. X1800. Miscellaneous lies and exaggerations.

X1810. X1810. Tall tales about miscellaneous objects.

X1811. X1811. Lies about loaves of bread.

X1811.1. X1811.1. Lie: the great loaf of bread. (First ed. X1038.) Type 1960K.

X1813. X1813. Lie: the great egg. (First ed. X1036.) (Cf. B31.1.1.) *Fb “жg” III 1142a; U.S.: Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys.

X1815. X1815. Lie: remarkable railroad.

X1815.1. X1815.1. Lie about rough railroad. U.S.: *Baughman.

X1815.2. X1815.2. Lies about slow trains. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

X1817. X1817. Lies about bridges. (Cf. F842.)

X1817.1. X1817.1. Lie: razor-sharp sword as footbridge. (First ed. X961.6.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1850. X1850. Other tall tales.

X1851. X1851. Man in moon lets himself down. (First ed. X915.) (Cf. A751.) Fb “mеne” II 660a.

X1852. X1852. Boy shot from a cannon. (First ed. X913.) Type 1880; Fb “kanon” II 87.

X1853. X1853. Boy with hat of butter, clothes of paper, etc. (First ed. X914.) *Type 1880.

X1854. X1854. Man in hollow tree defends himself successfully from leopard and bear. India: Thompson-Balys.

X1854.1. X1854.1. The boy in the hollow tree. He frightens the woodchopper who leaves behind his horse. (First ed. X913.1.) Type 1877*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1877*.

X1855. X1855. Lie: plow without horse or wheels. (First ed. X961.12.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1856. X1856. Lie: suckling children rock mother in cradle. (First ed. X961.18.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1856.1. X1856.1. Lie: child throws down a kid. (First ed. X961.30.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1856.2. X1856.2. Lie: child throws down mill-wheels from one town to another. (First ed. X961.31.) Type 1930; BP III 244ff.

X1857. X1857. Lie: man drowned on mountain. (First ed. X961.26.) Type 1930; BP III 258.

X1858. X1858. Lie: man cuts ice with own head. (First ed. X961.28.) Type 852; BP II 514.

X1861. X1861. Lie: the hunt for the lost bee. (First ed. X928.) Kцhler-Bolte I 323.

X1862. X1862. The over-hasty toad (beetle). Is years ascending steps. On last step falls and curses haste. (First ed. X938.) Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 38 No. 288C*, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 59, 60; West Indies: Flowers 585.

X1863. X1863. Why gypsies have no churches. They ate up their churches made of cheese and bacon. (First ed. X953.) (Cf. X650.) Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. IX 85.

X1864. X1864. Lie: warrior whose horse is cut in two continues to ride on the half horse. (First ed. X961.4.) Wesselski Bebel II 108 No. 25.

X1866. X1866. Lie: the great noise from the bass-viol. (First ed. X1037.) BP II 516.

Motif: Detailed Synopsis: Miscellaneous

Z. MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS OF MOTIFS

DETAILED SYNOPSIS

Z0--Z99. Formulas

Z0. Formulas

Z10. Formulistic framework for tales

Z20--Z59. Cumulative tales

Z20. Cumulative tales

Z30. Chains involving a single scene or event

Z40. Chains with interdependent members

Z50. Cumulative tales--miscellaneous

Z60. Other formulistic motifs

Z100--Z199. Symbolism

Z100. Symbolism

Z110. Personifications

Z140. Color symbolism

Z150. Other symbols

Z200--Z299. Heroes

Z200. Heroes

Z210. Brothers as heroes

Z230. Extraordinary exploits of hero

Z300--Z399. Unique exceptions

Z300. Unique exceptions

Z310. Unique vulnerability

Z320. Object will fit only one thing (or person)

Z350. Other unique exceptions

Z.

Z. MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS OF MOTIFS

Z0--Z99.

Z0--Z99. Formulas.

Z0. Z0. Formulas.

Z10. Z10. Formulistic framework for tales. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Formel”; Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z10.1. Z10.1. Beginning formulas. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 161; *BP IV 14ff.; Korean: Zong in-Sob 14 No. 7.

Z10.2. Z10.2. End formulas. *BP IV 24ff.; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 164; *Petsch Formelhafte Schlьsse im Volksmдrchen (1900); India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z10.3. Z10.3. Transition formulas. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 162; BP IV 20ff.

Z11. Z11. Endless tales. Hundreds of sheep to be carried over stream one at a time, etc. The wording of the tale so arranged as to continue indefinitely. *Type 2300; *BP II 209; Taylor Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 190a; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z11.1. Z11.1. Endless tale: corn carried away grain at a time. England, U.S.: *Baughman.

Z11.2. Z11.2. Endless tale: hundreds of birds in snare fly away one at a time. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z12. Z12. Unfinished tales. Just as the interest is aroused the narrator quits. “If the bowl had been stronger my tale had been longer.” *Types 2250, 2260; BP II 210, III 455; Taylor Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 189b; Kцhler-Bolte I 269.

Z13. Z13. Catch tales. The manner of the telling forces the hearer to ask a particular question, to which the teller returns a ridiculous answer. Type 2200; England, U.S., Canada: *Baughman; West Indies: Flowers 586.

Z13.1. Z13.1. Tale-teller frightens listener: yells “Boo” at exciting point. Type 366; Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman.

Z13.2. Z13.2. Catch tale: teller is killed in his own story. Canada, U.S.: *Baughman.

Z14. Z14. “Runs.” Conventional passages of set form within a tale, usually recited in a different voice from the rest. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 163; *Campbell-McKay 233ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z15. Z15. Tale avoiding all pronouns. Lang English Fairy Tales 118.

Z16. Z16. Tales ending with a question. *Type 653; *BP III 45; Basset RTP VII 188; Cosquin Revue d‘Ethnographie et des Traditions Populaires I 62, II 41; Africa: Werner African 359.

Z16.1. Z16.1. Four brothers construct a woman. Whose is she? India: Thompson-Balys.

Z17. Z17. Rounds. Stories which begin over and over again and repeat. Type 2350; Taylor JAFL XLVI 88, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 190; U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2300; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z18. Z18. Formulistic conversations.

Z18.1. Z18.1. What makes your ears so big?--To hear the better, my child, etc. Type 333.

Z19. Z19. Formulistic frameworks--miscellaneous.

Z19.1. Z19.1. Game-tales. (Used as game.) *BP II 210.

Z19.2. Z19.2. Tales filled with contradictions. West Indies: Flowers 587.

Z20--Z59.

Z20--Z59. CUMULATIVE TALES

Z20. Z20. Cumulative tales.1 Tales arranged in chains. (Kettenmдrchen.) **Taylor JAFL XLVI 77ff.; *Types 2000--2199; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish American: Boas JAFL XXV 219ff., 292f., Espinosa JAFL XXVII 222ff.; Indonesia: DeVries’s list No. 316; cf. Nouvelles de Sens No. 31.

Z20.1. Z20.1. Cumulative nonsense tales. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z21. Z21. Chains based on numbers.

Z21.1. Z21.1. Origin of chess. Inventor asks one wheat-grain for first square, two for the second, four for the third, eight for the fourth, etc. The king cannot pay. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 79 No. 2009; *Livingston MLN XLV 246--51; Murray History of Chess (Oxford, 1913) 207--9, 755; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z21.1.1. Z21.1.1. Wages: successive harvests from one grain of rice. Master has no fields left. Chinese: Graham.

Z22. Z22. Ehod mi yodea (One; who knows?); Le dodici parole della veritа, Las doce palabras retorneadas. The numbers from one to twelve are brought into relation with various objects, often of religious significance. **Espinosa Revista de Filologia Espaсola XVII 390ff.; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 79 No. 2010; *Greenleaf Ballads and Sea-songs of Newfoundland (Cambridge, Mass., 1933) 93 No. 41; **Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 171ff.; *Newell “The Carol of the Twelve Numbers” JAFL IV (1891) 215--220; Kцhler-Bolte III 370 n. 2; BP III 15 n.--Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2010*; Russian: Andrejev No. 812B*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 156 No. 2045*; Jewish: *Neuman.

Z22.1. Z22.1. The Twelve Days (Gifts) of Christmas: 1 partridge, 2 turtle-doves, 3 French hens, 4 colly birds, 5 gold rings, 6 geese, 7 swans, 8 maids, 9 drummers, 10 pipers, 11 ladies, 12 lords. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 79 No. 2010A, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 172b; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 146--60 Nos. 337--348; Fb “Juledagsgave” I 54, IV 248; T. Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv@2 612.

Z22.2. Z22.2. The Twelve kinds of Food: 1 partridge, 2 turtledoves, 3 woodpigeons, 4 ducks, 5 rabbits, 6 hares, 7 hounds, 8 sheep, 9 oxen, 10 turkeys, 11 hams, 12 cheeses. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2010B, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 172b; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 150--54 Nos. 351--370.

Z23. Z23. How the Rich Man paid his Servant (Lцnen hos den rike man). A farmer pays his servant in the first year a hen, in the second a cock, goose, goat, cow, horse, .... girl. farmstead. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2010 I; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 168--78 Nos. 392--418; *T. Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv@2 (Stockholm, 1925) 612. -- Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2010 I*.

Z24. Z24. The forgetful man counts the days of the week. On Monday they go to mill, etc. (First ed. Z21.4.) He thus discovers that it is Sunday. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2012, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 174b.

Z24.1. Z24.1. Widower tells of his courtship, his marriage, and the death of his wife, all in a week. (First ed. Z21.4.1.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2012A.

Z24.1.1. Z24.1.1. Life story in ten hours: “At one I was born .... at ten my child‘s soul was crowned in heaven.” *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2012B.

Z24.1.2. Z24.1.2. Bird advises man to treat his lazy children as she does her young: “In March I make my nest .... in August I have nothing more to do with my young.” *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2012C.

Z24.1.3. Z24.1.3. “Solomon Grundy, born on Monday .... buried on Sunday.” *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2012D; Halliwell Nursery Rhymes of England 33 No. 49.

Z25. Z25. Fly forgets her name; asks woodcutter, axe, tree, etc., in vain. Finally foal in mare’s belly says her name is “fly”. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z30. Z30. Chains involving a single scene or event without interdependence among the individual actors.

Z31. Z31. Chains involving a wedding. Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 Nos. 2019--2020; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 176a.

Z31.1. Z31.1. Pif Paf Poltrie. The suitor sent from one relation to the other for consent to the wedding. *Type 2019; *BP III 71; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 No. 2019; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z31.2. Z31.2. Louse and flea wish to marry. Mosquito, toad, ant, etc. volunteer to supply the wedding feast. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 154 No. 2020*.

Z32. Z32. Chains involving a death: animal actors.

Z32.1. Z32.1. The funeral procession of the hen. Animals one by one join the procession. The funeral carriage breaks down or the procession drowns. *Type 2021; *BP II 147 n. 1; *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 2ff.; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 82 No. 2021.

Z32.1.1. Z32.1.1. The death of the cock. (Der Tod des Hьhnchens.) The cock chokes and the hen seeks aid of objects and persons (stream, tree, pig, miller, baker, etc.). *Taylor JAFL XLVI 82 No. 2021A; BP II 146; **Haavio FFC XCIX; **Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 2ff.

Z32.2. Z32.2. The death of the little hen. She is characteristically mourned by objects and animals; e.g., flea, door, broom, cart, ashes, tree, girl. (First ed. Z31.2.2.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 82 No. 2022A; *BP I 293; Parsons JAFL XXXIII 37; Missouri French: Carriиre; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z32.2.1. Z32.2.1. The death of the little hen described with unusual words. Each act of mourning described by a neologism: the table untables itself. (First ed. Z31.2.2.1.) (Cf. X1506.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 82 No. 2022A, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 177a; Tegethoff Franzцsische Mдrchen II 78 No. 18; Rolland Rimes et jeux d‘enfance (1881) 119f.; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 98ff. No. 171ff.

Z32.3. Z32.3. Little ant finds a penny, buys new clothes with it, and sits in her doorway. Various animals pass by and propose marriage. She asks what they do at night. Each one replies with its characteristic sound, and none pleases her but the quiet little mouse, whom she marries. She leaves him to tend the stew, and he falls in and drowns. She weeps and, on learning the reason, bird cuts off its beak, dove cuts off its tail, etc. (First ed. Z31.2.3.) *Taylor FFC XLVI 82 No. 2023; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 154 No. 2023*; Italian: Crane Italian Popular Tales (1885) 376--77.

Z32.4. Z32.4. Cumulative: master to kill hen. She begs off; he goes to kill rooster .... goose, rabbit, toad, tiger. Chinese: Graham.

Z32.5. Z32.5. Mourning about the dead ass (Tulsi Das): from washerman to the queen. “But who is Tulsi Das?” The report is traced back to the washerman, who says: “He was my ass.” India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z33. Z33. Chains involving the eating of an object. (Members of the chain not interrelated.) Taylor JAFL XLVI 83 Nos. 2025--2028, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 178b.

Z33.1. Z33.1. The fleeing pancake. A woman makes a pancake, which flees. Various animals try in vain to stop it. Finally the fox eats it up. (First ed. Z31.3.1.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 82 No. 2025; *Dh III 272; Fb “pandekage” II 782b; Danish: Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 58f. Nos. 113--18; Norwegian: Christensen Norske Eventyr 149; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2025; Russian: Andrejev Nos. 295, 296*.

Z33.2. Z33.2. The fat cat. While the mistress is away, the cat eats the porridge, the bowl, and the ladle. When the mistress returns she says, “How fat you are!” The cat: “I ate the porridge, the bowl, and the ladle, and I will eat you.” The cat meets other animals and eats them after the same conversation. Finally eats too many. (First ed. Z31.3.2.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 83 No. 2027; *Fb “kat” IV 255b; Danish: Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 59ff. Nos. 119--130.

Z33.3. Z33.3. Woman meets a pig. “Good morning.” “Why are you up so early?” “I am not up so early. I have drunk seven vats of milk and eaten seven plates of porridge and I shall eat you.” She ate the pig. (First ed. Z31.3.3.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 83 No. 2027A; Swedish: Norlander “Barnvisor och barnrim” Svenska Landsmеlen V No. 5 n. 265.

Z33.4. Z33.4. The fat troll (wolf). A troll eats the watcher’s five horses and finally the watcher himself. The master goes to investigate. The troll: “I ate the five horses, I ate the watcher, and I will eat you.” Does so. Likewise the wife, servant, daughter, son, and dog. The cat scratches the troll open and rescues all. (First ed. Z31.3.4.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 83 No. 2028; *Fb “ulv” III 970b, “жde” III 1139b, “bjшrn” IV 43b; Danish: Kristensen Dyrefabler 68ff. Nos. 131--144; Swedish: T. Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv@2 (Stockholm, 1925) 613; Russian: Andrejev No. 333B*.

Z33.4.1. Z33.4.1. Louse and crow make covenant of friendship: louse eats crow despite crow saying, “If I strike you once with my beak you will disappear; how then can you talk of eating me?” Likewise louse eats loaf of bread, she-goat, cow, buffalo, five sepoys, wedding procession with one lakh of people, elephant, tank of water. A sepoy cuts louse in two with his sword and rescues all. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z33.4.2. Z33.4.2. The singing wolf. By his singing the wolf compels the old man to surrender his cattle, his children and grandchildren, and finally his wife. The old woman goes in the wolf’s service. She returns home bringing butter, etc. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 162*; Russian: Andrejev No. 162*.

Z39. Z39. Chains involving other events without interrelation of members. (First ed. Z31.4.) Taylor JAFL XLVI 84 No. 2029.

Z39.1. Z39.1. The goat who would not go home. One animal after another tries in vain to persuade the goat to go home. Finally a wolf (bee) bites him and drives him home. (First ed. Z31.4.1.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 No. 2015; *BP I 348 n. 1, II 100, 104; Fb “gjed” IV 178a; Swedish: T. Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv@2 (Stockholm, 1925) 613.

Z39.1.1. Z39.1.1. The goat who would not leave the hazel bush. Final formula: The devil goes to strangle the Jew, the Jew to kill the ox, the ox to drink the water, the water to quench the fire, the fire to burn the stone, the stone to blunt the axe, the axe to cut the rope, the rope to tie the hunter, the hunter to shoot the goat--the goat leaves the hazel bush, the wee goat leaves the hazel bush. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2030.

Z39.2. Z39.2. There was a wee wee woman who had a wee wee cow, etc. (First ed. Z31.4.2.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 No. 2016, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 176a; Jacobs English Fairy Tales 57; Danish: Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 122ff. Nos. 230--37; Russian: Andrejev No. 2015 I*.

Z39.3. Z39.3. The crow on the tarred bridge. His beak and tail alternately stick. (Endless.) (First ed. Z31.4.3.) (Cf. Z11.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 No. 2017, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 190a; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2017.

Z39.4. Z39.4. Where have you been, goose?--In the fields.--What have you in your beak?--A knife.--etc. (Tile, water, ox, firewood, old woman, friars, mass, shirt.) (First ed. Z31.4.4.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2011, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 174a; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 154 No. 2018A*.

Z39.4.1. Z39.4.1. Titmouse, what are you eating?--A large turnip--etc. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Z39.4.2. Z39.4.2. Sparrow, where are you going? --To eat seed. --The owner will scold you. -- I‘ll sit on a pine tree, etc. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Z39.5. Z39.5. The hen lays an egg, the mouse breaks it. Sorrowing over this mishap, all show extraordinary behavior; the master puts an end to it. Final formula: hen strips off feathers, rubbish heap catches fire, oak falls to ground, hare drowns self, magpie twists leg, ox breaks horns, river flows blood, maid breaks pails, housewife scatters dough. Master locks up wife and maid, goes to seek people more foolish. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2022*; Russian: Andrejev No. 241 III*; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1963*.

Z39.6. Z39.6. Mother ties bell on child; cat cuts it off. “Why did you cut off the bell?”--“Why did you lay the block here, etc.” Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Z39.7. Z39.7. Girl left in tree by sisters: asks monkey, ape, bear, and tiger to put her down or else bite her. All refuse. Panther comes and devours her. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z39.8. Z39.8. Small grain-measure runs away when her husband beats her: succession of suitors. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z39.9. Z39.9. Series of things acquired by mouse--“You cannot have this but you may have that instead,” etc. Clod--fish--cakes--kid--goat--drum--girl. Girl kills mouse accidentally. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z40. Z40. Chains with interdependent members.

Z41. Z41. The old woman and her pig. Her pig will not jump over the stile so that she can go home. She appeals in vain for help until the cow gives her milk. The final formula is: cow give milk for cat; cat kill rat; rat gnaw rope; rope hang butcher; butcher kill ox; ox drink water; water quench fire; fire burn stick; stick beat dog; dog bite pig; pig jump over stile. (Various introductions.) (First ed. Z41.1.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 84 No. 2030; *BP II 104, 108; **Goebel Hdwb. d. Mдrchens s.v. “Birnli” I 256ff.; *Emeneau JAFL LVI 272; Clouston Tales I 289; Kцhler-Bolte I 136; Parsons JAFL XXXIII 34; Montet RTP VI 102; *Fb “and” IV 12;--Missouri French: Carriиre; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 155 Nos. 2030A, B, C, D; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesia: DeVries Volksverhalen I 364 No. 21; Africa (Benga): Nassau 200 No. 30, (Hottentot): Bleek 33 No. 17, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 177 No. 35, (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 392 No. 17, (Thonga): Junod 223; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 286 No. 138.

Z41.1. Z41.1. Woman has meat (liver) stolen by bird. Recovery chain (similar to Z41). *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 25.

Z41.2. Z41.2. Crow must wash his bill in order to eat with other birds. Asks water; water must first have horn from stag, who must first have milk from cow, etc. *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 33; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z41.3. Z41.3. Conflict between fowl and thistle. Wind obeys and breaks the chain. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z41.4. Z41.4. The mouse regains its tail. The cat bites off the mouse’s tail and will return it in exchange for milk. The mouse goes to the cow for milk, the farmer for hay, the butcher for meat, the baker for bread. Other persons mentioned are the locksmith and the miner. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 86 No. 2034, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 185b; *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 28; *Newell JAFL XVIII (1905) 34 n. 1; BP II 107--8; Basset Contes Berbиres No. 45, Nouveaux Contes Berbиres No. 168.--England, U.S.: *Baughman.

Z41.4.1. Z41.4.1. Mouse bursts open when crossing a stream. Series of helpers similar to Z41.4. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 86 No. 2034A; *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 28; BP II 107--8.

Z41.4.2. Z41.4.2. My dog picked up a string, but did not wish to give it to me unless I gave her bread. Cupboard did not wish to give bread unless I gave it a key; smith, charcoal; charcoal-burner, calf‘s legbone; butcher, milk; cow, grass; meadow, water; clouds, dove’s feather. Dove gave me a feather which I gave to clouds, etc. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 86 No. 2034B; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 156 No. 2030D.

Z41.5. Z41.5. Lending and repaying: progressively worse (or better) bargain. Type 2034C*; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2009*; Africa (Tonga): Torrend Specimens of Bantu Folklore (New York, 1921) 169ff., (Ila): Smith and Dale II 392ff. No. 17, (Pende): Frobenius Atlantis XI 265 No. 4, (Bassari): ibid. 97ff. No. 12, (Ashanti): Rattray 268 No. 73.

Z41.6. Z41.6. Bird‘s pea gets stuck in socket of mill-handle. She goes to carpenter, king, queen, who refuse to help. She asks snake to bite queen, stick to beat snake, fire to burn stick, etc. Final formula: cat eats mouse, mouse cuts plant creeper, creeper snares elephant, elephant drinks up sea, sea quenches fire, fire burns stick, stick beats snake, snake bites queen, queen speaks to king, king chides carpenter, carpenter cuts mill handle, and pea is extracted. Questions in rhyme. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z41.6.1. Z41.6.1. Gram (parched grain) sticks in post; parrot goes to raja, etc., for help. Final formula: at last creeper took pity on birds, and elephant feared creeper, and ocean feared elephant, and fire feared ocean, and stick feared fire, and snake feared stick, and carpenter feared snake; and carpenter split post which gave up the grain to the birds, who went away. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z41.7. Z41.7. The wormwood does not want to rock the sparrow. Final formula: the worms begin to gnaw the rods, the rods to beat the oxen, the oxen to drink the water, the water to quench the fire, the fire to burn the hunters, the hunters to shoot the wolves, the wolves to kill the goats, the goats to gnaw the wormwood, the wormwood to rock me -- it rocked and rocked me to sleep. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2003*.

Z41.7.1. Z41.7.1. Boy dirties his shoe and asks the hay stack to wipe it clean. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Z41.8. Z41.8. Pulling the needle out of the seamstress’s hand. Final formula: That was just what the cat was waiting for--it sprang to devour the mouse, the mouse to tear the spider‘s web, the spider to entangle the dog, the dog to eat the goat, the goat to gnaw the rushes, the rushes to grow in the stream, the stream to quench the fire, the fire to burn the stone, the stone to beat the axe, the axe soon pulled out the needle that was stuck in the seamstress’s hand. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2005*.

Z41.9. Z41.9. The lazy servant and the grain. “Lentils, lentils, get into my sack!” Final formula: the hungry hawk attacks the hens, the hens the worms, the worms the stick, the stick the ox, the ox runs to the water, the water attacks the fire, the fire the hunters, the hunters the wolf, the wolf the goat, the goat the willow, the willow the cat, the cat the mice, the mice the lentils, the lentils go whoosh whoosh into the sack. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2011*.

Z42. Z42. Stronger and Strongest. The frost-bitten foot. Mouse perforates wall, wall resists wind, wind dissolves cloud, cloud covers sun, sun thaws frost, frost breaks foot. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 84 No. 2031, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 182ff.; **DeCock Volkssage 22--36; BP I 148 n. 2; Haavio FFC LXXXVIII 20; Kцhler-Bolte II 47; Stiefel Zs. f. Vksk. V 448--50; Benfey Panchatantra I 373--78, II 264; Chauvin II 97f.; DeVries Volksverhalen I 1--3 No. 1, 356; Voorhoeve 166 No. 176; Clouston Tales I 309.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 384, (Zanzibar): Bateman 67 No. 5.

Z42.1. Z42.1. The Esdras chain: stronger and strongest, wine, king, woman, truth. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 85 No. 2031A, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 184b; DeCock Volkssage 35f.; Oesterley No. 258; Kцhler-Bolte II 55. --Jewish: Neuman.

Z42.2. Z42.2. Abraham learns to worship God. At nightfall Abraham worships a star, then the moon, then the sun, and finally gives up idolatry. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 85 No. 2031B; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 184b; Kцhler-Bolte I 578; Koran Surah 6, 75--78; *Basset RTP VII 397; Jewish: Neuman.

Z42.3. Z42.3. Brahmin worships idol and sets sacrifices before it daily. Rat devours offerings and he sets it up as his idol as a being more powerful than his idol. When cat devours rat, he worships it instead. His wife accidentally kills the cat, so he sets her up to worship. He happens to slap her and she loses consciousness. Thereafter he worships himself as most powerful after all. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z43. Z43. The cock‘s whiskers. A mouse throws a nut down and hits the cock on the head. He also steals the cock’s whiskers. The cock goes to get an old woman to cure him. The final formula is: Fountain give up water for forest, forest give up wood for baker, baker give up bread for dog, dog give up hairs to cure the cock. (Variant: mouse loses tail.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 85 No. 2032; *BP II 107; Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv@2 (Stockholm, 1925) 613 “Tupen och hдnen”; Haavio FFC LXXXVIII 89 n. 1; RTP XV 220.--Russian: Andrejev No. 241 I; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Cushing 411.

Z43.1. Z43.1. Toad asks magpie in tree to throw down a chestnut. Magpie refuses, saying it might break its beak. Toad promises, if that happens, to get a horsehair to tie it up again. Magpie throws chestnut and breaks beak. Toad asks ass for hair, but ass first demands grass; mower demands sheep; shepherd, pup; mother dog, bread; baker, stumps. Toad cuts the stumps and gets the hair. *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk XXXII 24; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 156 No. 2032A*.

Z43.2. Z43.2. The cock strikes out the hen‘s eye with a nut. The cock blames the hazel bush for tearing its knickers, the hazel bush the goat for gnawing at it, the goat the shepherd-boy for not tending it, the boy his mistress for not baking him a bun, the mistress the pig for eating up the dough, the pig the wolf for killing its young. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2030G; Livonian: Looritz FFC LXVI No. 241@1; Russian: Andrejev No. 241 II*.

Z43.3. Z43.3. Nut hits cock in head: he thinks world is coming to an end. He sends the hen to tell the duck, the duck to tell the goose, etc. Final formula: Fox, who told you? -- Hare. -- Hare, who told you? --Goose, etc. For sequel see Type 20C. Sometimes the animals have queer names (cf. Z53). Taylor JAFL XLVI 85 No. 2033, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 185a; *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter XXXII 19; Cowell Jataka III 49 No. 322; Fb “hшne” I 750. -- Danish: Danske Dyrefabler 103ff. Nos. 177--85; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2033; Africa (Kaffir): Kidd 240 No. 9; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 108 No. 20.

Z43.4. Z43.4. Fly frightens snake; snake frightens rats; rats frighten monkey, etc. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 228, (Fang): Tessman 79ff., (Duala): Lederbogen Mдrchen 124, (Swahili): Steere 287ff.

Z43.5. Z43.5. Boy changes self to nut; fowl eats nut; bush cat eats fowl; dog eats cat; dog swallowed by python. Africa: Weeks Jungle 462.

Z43.6. Z43.6. Man invites animals to come and work in his field. Rooster kills beetle; cat kills rooster; dog kills cat; leopard kills dog; hyena kills leopard; buffalo kills hyena; elephant kills buffalo, and lion chases elephant so that both fall into trap. Man calls wives to see meat he has killed. Africa (Wute): Sieber 60ff.

Z44. Z44. The house that Jack built. Final formula: This is the farmer that sowed the corn that fed the cock that crowed in the morn, that waked the priest all shaven and shorn, that married the man all tattered and torn, that kissed the maiden all forlorn, that milked the cow with a crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that caught the rat, that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 86 No. 2035; *BP II 108; Kцhler-Bolte I 517f.; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 132ff. Nos 272, 295; *Fb “hus” I 687a, IV 229.--India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Nassau 245ff. No. 11, (Zulu): Callaway 38.

Z44.1. Z44.1. The house the old man was to build. The woman for whom he is to build the house has some beans for him. The goat eats these up. Cumulative search. Final formula: Smith give me my iron, iron which belongs to the man, man who ate up my fish, fish which belongs to the sea .... sea--shirt--washerwoman--soap--woman--wood -- press -- grease -- herder -- cheese-frame -- fig-tree --horn--goat--beans. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 86 No. 2035A; *Parsons JAFL XXV 219, XXVII 222, XXXIII 40, MAFLS XV (1) 207 n. 1.

Z45. Z45. The Horseshoe Nail. For want of a nail the shoe was lost, for want of a shoe the horse was lost, for the want of a horse the rider was lost .... and all for the want of a horseshoe nail. (First ed. Z41.9.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 87 No. 2039; *BP III 335--37.

Z46. Z46. The climax of horrors. The magpie is dead. Overate on horseflesh. --Horses dead?--Overworked at fire.--House burned down? --etc. (First ed. Z41.10.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 87 No. 2040; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 203; Wesselski Mцnchslatein 25 No. 20; **Zachariae Kleine Schriften 191ff.; *Crane Vitry 216ff. No. 205; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VII 99 n. 5. --Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2040*; Russian: Andrejev No. 2014 I*; Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z47. Z47. Series of trick exchanges. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z47.1. Z47.1. Series of trick exchanges: razor--pot--bride--drum by tricky fox. Fox sings formula of exchanges. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z49. Z49. Miscellaneous interdependent chains.

Z49.1. Z49.1. “I killed my grandmother because she refused to cook a hare. I killed a priest because he said my crime was bad. A friar absolved me to avoid being killed.” (First ed. Z41.7.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 87 No. 2037; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 155 No. 2026*.

Z49.2. Z49.2. Cumulative pursuit. Boys get help. One of them injures the helper. Pursued. Hidden by kind hen. One injures the hen. Hen pursues, etc. (First ed. Z41.8.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 87 No. 2038; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 264f. No. 70.

Z49.2.1. Z49.2.1. Fat mouse cannot get into hole. “Carpenter, please pare off a little flesh from my ribs.” Refused. Final formula: the scythe cuts the creeper loose. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z49.3. Z49.3. The bird indifferent to pain. A man catches a mango-bird eating mangoes and strikes it against the roots of a mango-tree. The bird cannot be made to say it suffers from the blow. In turn, he puts it in water, strikes it on the ground, a stile, a door-frame, singes its feathers, cuts it up, cooks it, and eats it. The bird always expresses indifference in a cumulative rhyme. At last the bird asks him to look out of the window, whereupon it flies out of his nose and the man dies. (First ed. Z41.11.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 87 No. 2041.

Z49.4. Z49.4. There was once a woman; the woman had a son; the son had red breeches; etc.--At last: “Shall I tell it again?” (First ed. Z41.12.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 No. 2013.

Z49.5. Z49.5. Where is the warehouse?--The fire burned it down.--Where is the fire?--The water quenched it. (First ed. Z41.13.) Type 2018.

Z49.5.1. Z49.5.1. “Where is that grain?” -- “The cock snatched it.” -- “Where is that cock?”--“He drowned in the sea.”--“Where is that sea?”--“It is grown over with reeds.”--“Where are those reeds?”--“The maids have cut them down”, etc. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2018.

Z49.5.2. Z49.5.2. The wolf who wanted to make bread. The farmer explained to him how bread is made. He keeps on asking: “Shall I then be able to eat?” Decides he will not have enough patience to make bread. (Cf. K555.1.2.) Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 164*.

Z49.6. Z49.6. Trial among the animals. Deer steps on kitten: cat investigates. Deer has been frightened by bird, this bird by another bird .... by crab’s pointed claw, crab by mouse in his hole. Cat eats mouse. (Frog croaks because turtle carries his house on his head; turtle carries house because firefly is bringing fire; firefly brings fire because mosquito tries to bite him, etc.) (First ed. Z41.14.) India: Thompson-Balys; Indonesia, Malaya: Dixon 202; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 390.

Z49.6.1. Z49.6.1. Birds fight and cause series of accidents to other animals and people. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z49.6.2. Z49.6.2. Bite (prick) causes series of accidents. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z49.6.3. Z49.6.3. Man sharpening his dao is bitten by a prawn. He cuts down a big bamboo; a fruit falls from bamboo and strikes a bird on the nape of the neck; the bird scratches up an ant‘s nest with his feet; the ant bites a wild boar in the eye; and the boar bears down upon a plantain tree where a bat dwells under a leaf; the bat seeks refuge in the ear of an elephant, and the elephant kicks down the house on an old woman. She rushes out and falls into a well. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z49.7. Z49.7. Cumulative tale: bird who seeks carpenter to release young caught in closed tree. Beetle bites calf, calf bites cow, cow hoofs carpenter, carpenter beats wife, hunters save carpenter’s cow, carpenter releases birds. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z49.8. Z49.8. Biting a grain in half. Final formula: Forester attacks bear, the bear the wolf, the wolf the dog, the dog the cat, the cat the mouse, the mouse the grain--the grain is bitten in two. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2006*.

Z49.9. Z49.9. Pulling up the turnip. Final formula: The mouse holds onto the cat, the cat holds onto Mary, Mary holds onto Annie, Annie holds onto grandmother, grandmother holds onto grandfather, grandfather holds onto the turnip--they all pull and pull it out. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2008*; Russian: Andrejev No. 1960G*.

Z49.10. Z49.10. Lizard eats cricket, frog eats lizard, snake eats frog, eagle eats snake, man shoots eagle; animals escape except lizard. Man takes eagle home. U.S.: Baughman.

Z49.11. Z49.11. Who is guilty of the accident. (One person blames another who blames another, etc.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z49.11.1. Z49.11.1. Wall in construction collapses. Finally the king finds out that the sea is guilty. (The chain: mason--cement mixer--beautifully singing woman--pearl necklace--jeweller--diver--sea.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z49.11.2. Z49.11.2. Thief breaks foot climbing wall to rob. Suit against owner for dangerous wall. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z49.12. Z49.12. Hermit must get cat to kill rats in hunt, cow to give cat milk, etc. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z49.13. Z49.13. Chain of killings: bulbul destroys flower and is killed by cat; cat shaken by dog; dog killed by boy; boy sentenced to death by king. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z49.14. Z49.14. The little old lady who swallowed a fly. She swallows a spider to eat up the fly, a bird to eat up the spider, a dog to eat the bird, a cow to eat the dog. “The little old lady swallowed a horse--she died, of course.” U.S.: *Baughman.

Z50. Z50. Cumulative tales--miscellaneous.

Z51. Z51. Chains involving contradictions or extremes. (First ed. Z23.) *Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 No. 2014, Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 175b.

Z51.1. Z51.1. The house is burned down.--That is too bad.--That is not bad at all, my wife burned it down.--That is good.--That is not good, etc. (First ed. Z23.1.) Type 2014; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 81 No. 2014; Nouvelles Rйcrйations No. 75.

Z52. Z52. Bird avenges caged mate. Builds cart, yokes frogs to it, arms himself with piece of reed, and proclaims war with king. Collects cat, ants, rope, club, and river. He is put by king into fowl house; cat eats up fowls. In stable rope and club beat up horses. In elephant-house ants get into their brains and kill them all. Tied to king‘s bed, river floods king in his bed. King gives bird back his mate. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z53. Z53. The animals with queer names: as hen (henny-penny), cock (cocky-locky), goose (goosey-poosey). (First ed. Z21.3.1.) (Cf. Z32.2.1.) *Wesselski Hessische Blдtter f. Vksk. XXXII 55; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2010 IA; Jacobs English Fairy Tales 118; *T. Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv@2 (Stockholm, 1925) 612; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 182 Nos. 431--32.--Antigua (British West Indies): Johnson JAFL XXXIV 68 No. 24.

Z60. Z60. Other formulistic motifs.

Z61. Z61. Never. Various ways of expressing this idea. When black sheep turn white, when a dry branch sprouts, etc. *Fb “aldrig” IV 9a; *Wehrhan 36; Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 163a; *Gittee Zs. f. Vksk. III 442ff.; Weise Zs. f. hochdeutsche Mundarten III 47ff.; Stoett Nederlandsche Spreekwoorden, Spreekwijzen, Vitdrukkingen en Gezegden@4 (Zutphen, 1923) I 401ff. No. 1036; Berthold Nassauische Blдtter V 199ff.; Treichel Der Urquell II 214; Heller Die Bedeutung des arabischen Antar-romans fьr die vergleichende Literaturkunde (Form und Geist XXI, Leipzig, 1931) 174ff.; Taylor English Riddles 54 No. 143; Mьller-Fraureuth Die deutschen Lьgendichtungen bis auf Mьnchhausen (Halle a. S., 1881) 19. -- Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 588.

Z61.1. Z61.1. Never. “Till Ogham and pillar be blent together, till heaven and earth, till sun and moon be blent together.” Irish myth: Cross.

Z61.2. Z61.2. Forever. “A day and a night.” Irish myth: Cross.

Z61.3. Z61.3. Butterby Church--no church at all. If person says he has gone to Butterby Church, he has not gone to church. England: Baughman.

Z61.4. Z61.4. “He struck him such a blow that he remembered the milk he drank on the sixth day after he was born.” India: Thompson-Balys.

Z62. Z62. Proverbial simile.

Z62.1. Z62.1. The old and the new keys. Hero marries his first sweetheart according to the proverb that the old key is better than the new. (Cf. L214.) *Type 313; *BP II 59, 246, 335, 516ff., III 40; *Fb “nшgle” II 511b; Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 906*.

Z62.2. Z62.2. “Bridegroom like the sun and bride like the moon.” India: Thompson-Balys.

Z63. Z63. Formulas signifying fruitlessness, e.g. like putting a withe about sand, like mocking a beggar. Irish myth: Cross.

Z64. Z64. Three explanations. When explanation of phenomenon is asked, three explanations are offered of which the last is always the true one. (Cf. Z71.1.) Irish myth: Cross.

Z64. Z64. Proverbs.1 India: Thompson-Balys.

Z64.1. Z64.1. Proverb: one man for worship, two men for cultivation of a field, three men for a journey. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z65. Z65. Color formulas. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 51a.

Z65.1. Z65.1. Red as blood, white as snow. Often from blood on snow as a suggestion, a wish is made for a child (wife) with skin like snow and cheeks like blood, etc. (Sometimes black as a raven.) Types 516, 709, 720; BP I 166, 450, *461, IV 245 n. 1; Rцsch FFC LXXVII 100; *Bцklen 62ff.; **Cosquin Contes indiens 218ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9.

Z65.1.1. Z65.1.1. Red as blood, white as snow, (and black as a raven). Usually applied to the cheeks, skin, and hair of a girl’s lover. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z65.2. Z65.2. Series: white cock, red cock, black cock. These crow at dawn and scatter ghosts. (Cf. E452.) Kцhler-Bolte III 581.

Z71. Z71. Formulistic numbers. *Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Zahl”; Penzer I 242 n. 3, 255 n. 2, VI 14 n. 1; Feilberg Dania II 185ff.

Z71.0.1. Z71.0.1. Odd numbers --formulistic. Roman: Pliny Natural History X 151, XXVIII 23; Hindu: Caland Verhandelingen der Koniglijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam XVII (4) 23 and NS I (6) 73, 103; Indonesian: Kruyt Het Animisme 514.

Z71.0.2. Z71.0.2. Formulistic numbers: a number plus one (101, 1001, etc.). R. M. Meyer Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft X (1907) 89ff.; *BP IV 397ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z71.1. Z71.1. Formulistic number: three. **R. Mueller Die Zahl Drei in Sage, Dichtung u. Kunst (Teschen, 1903); Wundt Vцlkerpsychologie VI 341; Diels Sibyllinische Blдtter 40; Aly Volksmдrchen bei Herodot 240: Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 412ff.; *H. Usener “Dreiheit” Rheinisches Museum f. Philologie N. F. LVIII (1903) 1--47, 161--208; *Fb “tre”.--Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “trois”; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Africa (Bulu): Krug 120f. (Luba): DeClerq ZsKS IV 201; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 166.

Z71.1.0.1. Z71.1.0.1. Triads. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

Z71.1.0.2. Z71.1.0.2. Formulistic numbers: threefold (e.g. three times thirty). Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Fang): Einstein 49.

Z71.1.1. Z71.1.1. Formula: three days and three nights. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.1.2. Z71.1.2. Three chairs in heaven for three saints. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.1.3. Z71.1.3. Three strains of (fairy) music. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.4. Z71.1.4. Three things that lead to hell (heaven). Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.5. Z71.1.5. Three innocent children: Ananias, Zacharias, Misael. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.6. Z71.1.6. Three Lents. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.7. Z71.1.7. Three Maries. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.1.8. Z71.1.8. Three orders of Irish saints. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.9. Z71.1.9. Three seas surrounding the earth. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.10. Z71.1.10. Three sods that none may escape: “The sod of his birth, the sod of his death, the sod of his burying.” Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.1.11. Z71.1.11. Three whom Christ raised from the dead. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.12. Z71.1.12. Three spiritual gifts of God. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.1.13. Z71.1.13. Three persons who spoke immediately after birth. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.14. Z71.1.14. Three weak things that are the strongest. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.15. Z71.1.15. Three worst things in Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.16. Z71.1.16. Three reasons why men should condemn wealth. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.1.17. Z71.1.17. Three cries of the world. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.1.18. Z71.1.18. Three bad stories of the saints of Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.2. Z71.2. Formulistic number: four. Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer I 290ff.; Eisler Weltenmantel 337; Wundt Vцlkerpsychologie VI 354ff.; Brinton Myths of the New World 66ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg.

Z71.2.0.1. Z71.2.0.1. Formulistic number: fourfold (e.g. 400, 4000). Jewish: Neuman.

Z71.2.1. Z71.2.1. Formula: north, south, east, west. (The cardinal directions.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.2.2. Z71.2.2. The four elements. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.2.3. Z71.2.3. The four humors. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.2.4. Z71.2.4. Four places that cleanse the soul. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.2.5. Z71.2.5. Four categories of souls at Judgment. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.2.6. Z71.2.6. Four things that prevent the holy life. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.2.7. Z71.2.7. Four things to which the glory of the world is compared. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.2.8. Z71.2.8. Sending four messengers with four winds. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.3. Z71.3. Formulistic number: five. Irish myth: Cross; English: Gawayne and the Green Knight lines 623ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Funf”; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Klikitat): Jacobs U Wash II 32ff.

Z71.3.0.1. Z71.3.0.1. Formulistic numbers: fivefold (e.g. 50, 500). Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs KS IV 202.

Z71.3.1. Z71.3.1. Five sighs we should vent over our sins. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.3.2. Z71.3.2. Five wounds of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.4. Z71.4. Formulistic number: six. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 420a s.v. “Drie” nn. 408ff.

Z71.4.0.1. Z71.4.0.1. Formulistic number: sixfold. Jewish: Neuman.

Z71.5. Z71.5. Formulistic number: seven. *Nyrop Dania II 126; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer I 292; Wundt Vцlkerpsychologie VI 349; *Roscher Die Sieben- und Neunzahl im Kultus und Mythus der Griechen (Leipzig, 1904); Aly Volksmдrchen bei Herodot 241; *Fb “syv”. --Irish: *Cross, O‘Suilleabhain 45, 100, Beal XXI 316, 332; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “sept”; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 157, 178; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 457; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 49, 162, Graham; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 93 No. 6, 149 No. 24, 154 No. 26; Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 224, 236, (Togo): Einstein 7, (Congo): Weeks Cannibals 217.

Z71.5.0.1. Z71.5.0.1. Formulistic numbers: sevenfold (e.g. 49, 70, 70,000, 7,777). (Cf. Z71.15.) Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 943; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 78 No. 43, 80 No. 46.

Z71.5.1. Z71.5.1. Seven brothers and one sister. Type 451; *Gummere Kittredge Anniversary Volume 17; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 565 No. 116.

Z71.5.2. Z71.5.2. Journey beyond seven seas. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.5.3. Z71.5.3. Seven year’s peace with no killing of men. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.5.4. Z71.5.4. King for seven years. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.5. Z71.5.5. Exile for seven years. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6. Z71.5.6. Seven as a number in religious and social records. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.1. Z71.5.6.1. Seven causes of poverty. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.2. Z71.5.6.2. Seven Deadly Sins. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.3. Z71.5.6.3. Seven ecclesiastical orders. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.4. Z71.5.6.4. Seven grades of wisdom. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.5. Z71.5.6.5. Seven joys of the Virgin Mary. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.6. Z71.5.6.6. Seven masses necessary to free soul from hell. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.5.6.7. Z71.5.6.7. Seven orders of poets. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.8. Z71.5.6.8. Seven gifts of God (Holy Spirit). Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.5.6.9. Z71.5.6.9. Seven penitential psalms. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.5.6.10. Z71.5.6.10. Seven prayers of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.11. Z71.5.6.11. Seven to whom alms should be given. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.12. Z71.5.6.12. Seven fair rivers in Inis Eidheand (Eden) in the East of Africa. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.6.13. Z71.5.6.13. Seven daughters of Humility. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.5.7. Z71.5.7. King with seven wives and seven mares. The seven wives pregnant for seven years, the seven mares seven years in foal. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.5.8. Z71.5.8. Seven brothers marry seven sisters. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.6. Z71.6. Formulistic number: nine (99, 900, 999, 99,999, etc.). *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 419b, nn. 378--407; Grimm Deutsche Mythologie I 505f.; Ohrt Danske Trylleformler I 196ff.; Agrell Runornas Talmystik 70ff.; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer I 84, 295; Wundt Vцlkerpsychologie V 82, VI 350; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1397; Wuttke Volksaberglaube, register.--Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 342 (99,999); India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 56, 206 No. 154; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 56ff.; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 76f.

Z71.6.1. Z71.6.1. Three times nine. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.6.2. Z71.6.2. Nine whirlpools of the world. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.6.3. Z71.6.3. (Nine) wonders of Ireland. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.6.4. Z71.6.4. Nine materials used in building Tower of Babel. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.7. Z71.7. Formulistic number: eleven. Wuttke Volksaberglaube register s.v. “Elf”; Oldenberg Religion der Veda 514; Jewish: Neuman; Icelandic: Boberg.

Z71.8. Z71.8. Formulistic number: twelve. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 420b nn. 416ff.; Wundt Vцlkerpsychologie VI 353; Hoops‘ Reallexikon I 496; Thien Motive 8f.; Fb “tolv”.--Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 64.

Z71.8.1. Z71.8.1. Twelve articles of faith. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.8.2. Z71.8.2. Twelve abuses of the world. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.8.3. Z71.8.3. Formulistic number: “twice twelve years”. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.8.4. Z71.8.4. Formulistic number: twelve plus thirteen. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.8.5. Z71.8.5. Formulistic number: twelve score. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.8.6. Z71.8.6. Formulistic number: twenty-four. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.8.7. Z71.8.7. Formulistic number: thirty-six. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.9. Z71.9. Formulistic number: thirteen. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 424a; Grimm Rechtsalterthьmer I 298; *Kyriakides To Dysoionon tou Arithmou 13 (Athenae, 1953); India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z71.10. Z71.10. Formulistic number: sixteen. E. Skard Maal og Minne (1931) 106f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.11. Z71.11. Formulistic number: thirty. (Cf. Z71.1.0.1.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 420b nn. 432ff.

Z71.12. Z71.12. Formulistic number: forty. *Clouston Eastern Romances 456 n. 1; Dh I 228, 283, 284; Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer I 301; Wundt Vцlkerpsychologie VI 341; *Roscher Die Zahl 40 im Glauben der Semiten (Leipzig, 1909).-- India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.13. Z71.13. Formulistic number: sixty. (Cf. Z71.4.) Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 421a.

Z71.14. Z71.14. Formulistic number: seventy-two. (Cf. Z71.8.) Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthьmer I 303, II 497; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 989, 991; Schrцder Germanentum u. Hellenismus 11f.; Thien Motive 2; Bojunga “Die 72 Vцlkerschalten in Widsith” Paul und Braune’s Beitrдge XVI 545ff.; R. Michel ibid. XV 377. -- Chinese: Wilhelm Chinesische Mдrchen 364, 366, cf. 358, 363.

Z71.15. Z71.15. Formulistic number: seventy-seven. (Cf. Z71.5.0.1.) *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 991; Wuttke Volksabergl. 525b s.v. “Sieben und Siebenzig”; Gaster Thespis 180, 192, 221.

Z71.16. Z71.16. Formulistic numbers--miscellaneous. Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 430.

Z71.16.1. Z71.16.1. Formulistic number: eight. Irish myth: *Cross; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 154, 210, 411 s.v. “acht”; Polynesia: *Beckwith Myth 209f.; Hawaii: ibid. 233; Tahiti: ibid. 209; Cook Islands: ibid. 256, Samoa: ibid. 256; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 80, 376.

Z71.16.1.1. Z71.16.1.1. Eight deadly sins. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.16.1.2. Z71.16.1.2. Eight virtues. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.16.1.3. Z71.16.1.3. Eight miracles of Christ‘s body in the sacrament. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.16.1.4. Z71.16.1.4. Eight unprofitable types of fasting. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.16.2. Z71.16.2. Formulistic number: ten. Irish myth: Cross; Society Islands: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 430; Africa (Fang): Trilles 186.

Z71.16.2.1. Z71.16.2.1. Ten plagues. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.16.3. Z71.16.3. Formulistic number: twenty-five. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.4. Z71.16.4. Formulistic number: twenty-six. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.5. Z71.16.5. Formulistic number: thirty-two. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.6. Z71.16.6. Formulistic number: eighty. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.7. Z71.16.7. Formulistic number: sixteen hundred. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.8. Z71.16.8. Formulistic number: eighty thousand. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.9. Z71.16.9. Formulistic number: fifty-two lakhs. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.10. Z71.16.10. Formulistic number: fourteen. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.11. Z71.16.11. Formulistic number: fifteen. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.16.11.1. Z71.16.11.1. Fifteen characteristics of a good (bad) woman. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.16.11.2. Z71.16.11.2. The fifteen Oes. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.16.11.3. Z71.16.11.3. Fifteen signs before Doomsday. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z71.16.12. Z71.16.12. Formulistic number: seventeen. Irish myth: Cross.

Z71.16.13. Z71.16.13. Formulistic number: twenty-one. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.14. Z71.16.14. Formulistic number: twenty-two.

Z71.16.14.1. Z71.16.14.1. Twenty-two rooms and twenty-two doors built by skillful carpenter. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.15. Z71.16.15. Formulistic number: fifty-three. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z71.16.16. Z71.16.16. Formulistic number: fifty-six. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z72. Z72. Formulas based on the year. Irish myth: Cross.

Z72.1. Z72.1. A year and a day. (Cf. Z71.0.2.) *Fb “еr” III 1195b; A Gobbe-Duval Essais de folklore juridique@2 (Paris, 1920) 178ff.; Schrцder und v. Kьnssberg Lehrbuch d. dt. Rechtsgeschichte@6 (1922) 789 n.; Liebermann Herrig’s Archiv (1916) 401f.; Kцhler-Bolte I 6. --Irish myth: Cross; English: Malory X 36, 39 and passim; Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “an”, “congй”; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 18, 24.

Z72.2. Z72.2. Seven years, seven months, seven days. Type 451; BP I 431; Kцhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63.

Z72.3. Z72.3. Seven (three) years between feasts. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z72.4. Z72.4. Seven years as length of course in school. Irish myth: Cross.

Z72.5. Z72.5. Every third year as period of tribute. Irish myth: Cross.

Z72.6. Z72.6. Three hundred and sixty-five. Irish myth: Cross.

Z72.7. Z72.7. Twelve years and thirteen days. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z73. Z73. A day and a night. Irish myth: Cross.

Z73.1. Z73.1. After four days--another two days--another day. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z75. Z75. Formula: as many children as holes in a sieve. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “enfants”.

Z76. Z76. Formulistic exaggerations.

Z76.1. Z76.1. Three-fourths of men of Ireland die in one night. Irish myth: Cross.

Z78. Z78. Testament willing rewards and punishments. Conventional ending of a story. Child V 497 s.v. “testament”.

Z80. Z80. Formulistic rimes.

Z81. Z81. Blowing the house in. I‘ll huff and I’ll puff till I blow your house in. Type 124; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 78; BP I 40f.; Jacobs English Fairy Tales 251 No. 14.

Z90. Z90. Miscellaneous formulas.

Z91. Z91. Formula for other world: “Where no man goes and no crow flies.” India: Thompson-Balys.

Z92. Z92. Formulas of distance.

Z92.1. Z92.1. “A tree on island beyond the seven seas and the sixteen rivers.” India: Thompson-Balys.

Z100--Z199.

Z100--Z199. Symbolism.

Z100. Z100. Symbolism. Jewish: *Neuman.

Z100.1. Z100.1. Names of giants (Fomorians) with sinister significance. Irish myth: Cross.

Z110. Z110. Personifications.

Z111. Z111. Death personified. Hartland Science 192, 199; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3491; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 47, 50 No. 332, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 86--90; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 611; Africa (Togo): Einstein 16f.

Z111.1. Z111.1. Death enclosed in a bottle. Breton: Sйbillot Incidents s.v. “bouteille”; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z111.1.1. Z111.1.1. Death imprisoned by a soldier in a magic knapsack, bottle or nutshell. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 330C*; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 531f.; Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.

Z111.2. Z111.2. Death magically bound to tree. While he is bound no one can die. Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн I 301. Cf. Type 330; BP II 188.

Z111.2.1. Z111.2.1. Death stuck to tree. Mason JAFL XXXV 55.

Z111.2.2. Z111.2.2. Death (demons) glued to chair. Espinosa JAFL XXVII 119--29.

Z111.3. Z111.3. Death as eight-headed monster. Africa: Werner African 177.

Z111.3.1. Z111.3.1. Death allegorically personified as an animal made up of several different animals. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Z111.4. Z111.4. Death excluded from sacred grove. Penzer VI 92 n. 2.

Z111.5. Z111.5. Death (fate) assumes various forms to destroy men. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z111.6. Z111.6. Death‘s messengers. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z111.6.1. Z111.6.1. Death‘s messengers bribed with food. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z111.6.2. Z111.6.2. Salt in food given Death’s messengers renders them harmless. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z112. Z112. Sickness personified. *Fb “sygdom” III 699a; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 175 No. 117.

Z112.1. Z112.1. Fever personified. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z113. Z113. Life personified: old woman carrying healing potions and salves. Italian Novella: *Rotunda.

Z114. Z114. Old age personified. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg.

Z115. Z115. Wind personified. *Fb “vind” III 1059a; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3902; Estonian: Loorits Grundzьge I 521; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z115.1. Z115.1. Man takes case against wind for damages. Wanting to have nothing to do with a court, the wind generously makes good the damages, and punishes the judge guilty of bribery. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3901.

Z116. Z116. Sovereignty personified. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z116.1. Z116.1. Empire personified. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z117. Z117. Poetry personified. (Cf. A465.1.) Irish myth: *Cross.

Z118. Z118. Sea personified. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z118.1. Z118.1. Waves as tresses of sea-god‘s wife. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z118.2. Z118.2. Waves as sea-god’s horses. Irish myth: Cross.

Z118.3. Z118.3. River personified (Mother Ganges). India: Thompson-Balys.

Z121. Z121. Truth personified. Irish myth: Cross.

Z121.1. Z121.1. Truth leaves city because there is no place left for her. Wienert FFC LVI *81 (ET 471), 104 (ST 169); Halm Aesop No. 314.

Z122. Z122. Time personified. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8; Jewish: Neuman.

Z122.1. Z122.1. “Time” overpowered when weight is taken from his clock. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

Z122.2. Z122.2. Mother of Time personified. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 8.

Z122.3. Z122.3. Twelve months as youths seated about fire. *Roberts 122, 219; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 2.

Z122.4. Z122.4. The four seasons personified. Roberts 122.

Z123. Z123. Fury personified. (Cf. A486.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z123.1. Z123.1. Fury personified as demon which enters man‘s heart and counsels evil. Irish myth: Cross.

Z124. Z124. Valor personified. Irish myth: Cross.

Z124.1. Z124.1. Valor personified as bird which flutters over champion’s head. Irish myth: Cross.

Z125. Z125. Virtue personified. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z126. Z126. Energy (strength) personified. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z127. Z127. Sin personified. Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 616.

Z127.1. Z127.1. Sin personified as the goddess Venus with her train of nymphs. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Z127.2. Z127.2. Lust personified. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 615.

Z128. Z128. Wisdom personified. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Wakweli): Bender 99f.

Z128.1. Z128.1. Intelligence personified. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z131. Z131. Falsehood personified. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman

Z132. Z132. War personified. (Cf. A485.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z132.0.1. Z132.0.1. Battle carnage personified. Irish myth: Cross. (Z129.2.0.1.).

Z132.1. Z132.1. Victory personified. Irish myth: Cross.

Z132.2. Z132.2. Defeat personified. Irish myth: Cross.

Z133. Z133. Poverty personified.

Z133.1. Z133.1. Poverty personified as diseased beggar woman. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Z134. Z134. Fortune personified. (Cf. N111.) India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z134.1. Z134.1. Fortune personified as a matron in fine clothing. Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Z135. Z135. Adversity personified. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z136. Z136. Civilization personified. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z139. Z139. Personifications--miscellaneous. Jewish: *Neuman.

Z139.1. Z139.1. Sloth personified. Irish myth: Cross.

Z139.2. Z139.2. Crime personified. Irish myth: Cross.

Z139.3. Z139.3. Wine personified.

Z139.3.1. Z139.3.1. Wine personified in person of the god Bacchus. (Cf. A481.) Spanish Exempla: Keller.

Z139.4. Z139.4. Cold personified.

Z139.4.1. Z139.4.1. Cold depreciated and praised. Depreciated, takes revenge by becoming colder; praised, makes reward, gives clothing. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3904.

Z139.5. Z139.5. Worry personified. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z139.6. Z139.6. Modesty personified. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z139.7. Z139.7. Ladder as symbol of upward progress.

Z139.7.1. Z139.7.1. Ladder to heaven as symbol of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

Z139.8. Z139.8. Virginity, Wisdom, and Prophecy personified as three beautiful maidens. Irish myth: Cross.

Z140. Z140. Color symbolism. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens II 51a s.v. “Farben im Mдrchen”.

Z140.1. Z140.1. Color of flag (sails) on ship as message of good or bad news. *Fb “sort” III 467; *Frazer Apollodorus II 134 n. 2, *Frazer Pausanias II 161; *Schoepperle 437f.; India: Thompson-Balys.

Z140.2. Z140.2. Colors corresponding to the four world quarters. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 347; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 317 n. 148.

Z140.2.1. Z140.2.1. Color symbolism of the cardinal points. Dixon JAFL XII 10--16.

Z140.3. Z140.3. Symbolism of colors in mass vestments. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z140.4. Z140.4. Bridegroom inadvertently buys for bride cloth suitable only for widows. She supposes he has died. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z141. Z141. Symbolic color: red. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman.

Z141.1. Z141.1. Red garment to show anger of king. *Chauvin V 47 No. 18 n. 1.

Z141.2. Z141.2. Red as symbolic of martyrdom. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z141.2.1. Z141.2.1. Martyrs called “red wheat”; saints, “Dei triticum” (God‘s wheat). Irish myth: *Cross.

Z141.2.2. Z141.2.2. Mill in which two men are slain said to grind “red wheat”. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z141.3. Z141.3. Red as symbol of falsity. Hdwb. d. Abergl. VII 802--3; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Z142. Z142. Symbolic color: white. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z142.1. Z142.1. White rose the symbol of death. BP III 460.

Z142.2. Z142.2. White as symbolic of martyrdom. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z143. Z143. Symbolic color: black. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z143.1. Z143.1. Black as symbol of grief. *Fb “sort” III 407a; *Dickson 94 n. 75.

Z144. Z144. Symbolic color: blue.

Z144.1. Z144.1. Blue as symbolic of martyrdom. Irish myth: Cross.

Z145. Z145. Symbolic color: green.

Z145.1. Z145.1. Green as symbolic of martyrdom. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z146. Z146. Symbolic color: brown.

Z146.1. Z146.1. Brown hair as sign child is descended from goddess. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 285.

Z147. Z147. Symbolic color: purple.

Z147.1. Z147.1. Purple is symbol of royalty. Society Islands: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 384.

Z148. Z148. Yellow a lucky color. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z150. Z150. Other symbols. Jewish: *Neuman.

Z151. Z151. Ring broken as token of broken engagement. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XX 69 n. 3.

Z153. Z153. Princess crushes lotus-flower to show that she will be submissive. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z155. Z155. Gray hair the symbol of departed usefulness. *Penzer I 121; *Bloomfield JAOS XXXVI 57.

Z156. Z156. Cloud (mist) as symbol of misfortune. Irish myth: Cross.

Z157. Z157. Olive branch symbol of peace. English: Malory XX 14.

Z161. Z161. Symbolism: not to fight alone. Various figures employed to show it is not good for one warrior alone to fight the battles of a host. Irish myth: Cross.

Z162. Z162. Arthur’s Round Table symbolic of round earth. English: Malory XIV 2.

Z174. Z174. Message or orders given symbolic action. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z174.1. Z174.1. Inverted shoes at doors to indicate banishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z174.1.1. Z174.1.1. Black dummy to indicate banishment. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z175. Z175. Sign language. Message delivered by means of the fingers, etc. *Penzer I 80 n. 1; *Chauvin V 145, VIII 126 No. 112; Benfey Germania IV 482ff.; Kцhler-Bolte I 513; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z175.1. Z175.1. Language of flowers. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z175.2. Z175.2. Lovers‘ assignation by symbolic messages. India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z176. Z176. Symbolism of the mass. Irish myth: Cross.

Z177. Z177. Lamb as symbol of Christ. Irish myth: Cross.

Z178. Z178. Allegorical game. Witch, aided by dragon (lion) is vanquished by maiden, aided by lamb (ram). Witch is devil; maiden, church of Christ. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z181. Z181. Nudity as sign of anger. Penzer Pentamerone I 12; Irish myth: Cross.

Z181.1. Z181.1. Nudity as sign of madness. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z182. Z182. Symbolic wounding of king. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z183. Z183. Symbolic names.

Z183.1. Z183.1. Three trees called “Grief,” “Dark,” and “Dumb-Mouthless Oak.” Irish myth: *Cross.

Z184. Z184. Symbols of divinity. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43, 65; Marquesas: Handy 106.

Z185. Z185. Mill turned by the water of the grace of God as symbol of saint. Irish myth: Cross.

Z186. Z186. Symbolism: needle and thread--sexual intercourse. Chinese: Graham.

Z200--Z299.

Z200--Z299. Heroes.

Z200. Z200. Heroes. *Boggs “The Hero in the Folktales of Spain, Germany, and Russia” JAFL XLIV 27ff.; Dorson American Scholar X 389ff.

Z210. Z210. Brothers as heroes. Type 303; **A. Christensen “Trebrшdre- og Tobrшdre-Stamsagn” Danske Studier (1916) 45ff.--Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 158; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Alexander N. A. Myth 295 n. 44.

Z210.0.1. Z210.0.1. Warriors identically equipped (brothers). Irish myth: Cross.

Z210.1. Z210.1. Lodge-Boy and Thrown-Away as joint adventurers. Of brothers (sometimes twins taken from body of slain mother) one is abandoned and becomes wild. Later he joins his brother. *Dickson passim; Krappe MLN XLVII 493ff.; Oceanic: Dixon 138 n. 12; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 319 n. 152, (California): Gayton and Newman 91, 95; S. A. Indian (Bakuiri): Mйtraux RMLP XXXIII 145.

Z211. Z211. Dreadnaughts. Brothers deliberately seek dangers they have been warned against. Triumph. Greek: Fox 98; India: *Thompson-Balys; Oceanic: Dixon 131, 132 n. 2, 133; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1332; T-G. 3/818; z-G. 3/1122; z-G. 13/221); Marquesas: Handy 105; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 320 n. 156, (California): Gayton and Newman 69.

Z215. Z215. Hero “son of seven mothers”. Seven mothers each with a child imprisoned. Six eat their children to keep from starving. Seventh does not. He rescues all the mothers and becomes hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z216. Z216. Supernatural origin of hero: magic conception. (Cf. T510.) India: Thompson-Balys.

Z221. Z221. Eldest brother as hero. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z230. Z230. Extraordinary exploits of hero.

Z231. Z231. Boyish exploits of hero. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys.

Z235. Z235. Hero with extraordinary animal companions (cock, goat, cow, horse). India: Thompson-Balys.

Z251. Z251. Boy hero. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

A527.1. Culture hero precocious.

Z252. Z252. Hero at first nameless. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z253. Z253. Fool as hero. (Cf. L121.) Irish myth: Cross.

Z254. Z254. Destined hero. (Cf. M311, T22.) Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z255. Z255. Hero born out of wedlock. (Cf. L111.2.) Irish myth: Cross.

Z257. Z257. Beardless hero. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z261. Z261. Giant heroes. Irish myth: Cross.

Z292. Z292. Death of hero. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z293. Z293. Return of the hero. (Cf. L111.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.

Z300--Z399.

Z300--Z399. Unique exceptions

Z300. Z300. Unique exceptions.

Z310. Z310. Unique vulnerability. Chinese: Graham.

Z311. Z311. Achilles heel. Invulnerability except in one spot. **DeCock Studien 153ff.--Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 97; Icelandic: *Boberg; Norse: De la Saussaye 144, Von Sydow Fеvne 27ff.; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Greek: *Basset RTP XXV 124 n. 1, Frazer Apollodorus II 60 n. 2, 214 n. 1; Jewish: *Neuman; Hindu: Keith 125, Penzer I 127; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 389; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 67; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 345 n. 246; Africa: Werner African 236, (Fang): Trilles 202.

Z311.1. Z311.1. Left eye only vulnerable spot. Irish myth: Cross.

Z311.2. Z311.2. Spot below right ear only vulnerable one. Irish myth: Cross.

Z311.3. Z311.3. Leprosy cured by holy water except on thumb. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z311.4. Z311.4. Man can be injured only in armpits. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z312. Z312. Unique deadly weapon. Only one thing will kill a certain man. *Dh II 211; *Wesselski Archiv Orientбlnн II 430; Penzer VIII 109 n. 3; R. M. Meyer Archiv f. Religionsgeschichte (1907) 93ff. -- Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 151, *Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 154, 156, *Boberg; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 357 n. 287g; Africa (Cameroon): Ittman 77, (Swahili): Steere 441.

Z312.1. Z312.1. Person can be killed only by red-hot spits being thrust through soles of his feet. Irish myth: *Cross.

Z312.2. Z312.2. Giant ogre can be killed only with iron club he carries (with own sword). Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.

Z312.3. Z312.3. Unique source of weakness. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 204.

Z312.4. Z312.4. Unique bait for fish. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 216.

Z313. Z313. Vulnerability only by one person. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 153.

Z313.1. Z313.1. Only one person can overtake hero. Maori: Beckwith Myth 231.

Z314. Z314. Sword which will break in only one peril: this known only to the maker of the sword. Gaster FL II 57; Nutt Holy Grail 11.

Z315. Z315. Ogre vulnerable only when his face is turned away when he is struck. India: Thompson-Balys.

Z316. Z316. Only one way to besiege certain city. Jewish: Neuman.

Z320. Z320. Object will fit only one thing (or person). Irish myth: Cross.

Z321. Z321. Ring fits only one person. Irish myth: Cross.

Z322. Z322. Only one ferule fits certain staff. Irish myth: Cross.

Z323. Z323. Vessel from which nothing can be drunk save through certain tube. Irish myth: Cross.

Z350. Z350. Other unique exceptions.

Z351. Z351. Only one person refuses to weep at hero‘s death. Icelandic: Boberg.

Z352. Z352. All trees except aspen refuse to make Christ’s cross. Dh II 209; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 635.

Z355. Z355. All snakes but one placated by music. In snake den prisoner fails to placate one snake and loses his life. Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 437a.

Z356. Z356. Unique survivor. Only one person left from destruction of his community. India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 135, 443f., 449; Marquesas: Handy 77; Easter Island: Mйtraux Ethnology 71; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/203); Tahiti: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 246.